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gilg;Gf;fspd; chpikAk; nghWg;Gk; gi gpurukhfhj gilg;Gfis kPsg;ngw tpUk;GNthh; N Nrh;j;J mDg;Gq;fs;.
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,J Njly; jhd; ,j; Njlypd; ntw;wp vq;fspy; kl;Lky;y cq;fspYk; jhd; jq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
gilg;Gfs kw;Wk; re;jh
T. (jdpr; Rw;Wf;F)
90/3, New ,jo; 01 (2003-1)
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kpd;dQ;ry;- thisai_puthithu@yahoo.com
pikAk; nghWg;Gk; gilg;ghspfspDilaNj. kPsg;ngw tpUk;GNthh; Nghjpa jghw;jiyfisr;
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fdtpd; njhlh;r;rp. ------------------------
cd;id tpl> cd;id ehd; ed;whfNt mwpNtd;. Kd;ida nghOJfspnyy;yhk; eP gy;NtW tz;zq;fspyhyhd rl;ilfisg; Nghh;j;jpapUe;jha;. mg;Nghnjy;yhk;> cdT fdT khspifnaq;Fk; gy tz;zq;fs; epiwe;jpUe;jd. cd; fdTfspy; vy;yhk; tz;zg; Giffs; gutpr; nrd;wd. gpd;G xUehs;> cd;idr; rpYitapy; miwe;jhh;fs;. cd; fdT gw;wpnahpe;J rhk;gy; Nklhapw;W. mjd; gpd;ghd nghOJfspy;> eP tz;zkakhd rl;ilfisg; Nghh;j;jpapUf;ftpyi fWg;Gr; rl;ilAld; my;yJ eph;thzkhfNt vd;Kd; Njhd;wpdha;. cdJ fdtpd; tz;zq;fs; vy;yhk; fWg;ghf khwpaij mwpNtd;. eP ,g;nghOJ> cdJ tz;zkakhd fdTf; Nfhl;ilfspd;> rhk;gy; NkLfspypUe;J> kPz;Lk; fdT fz;Lnfhz;bUf;fpd;wha;.
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2002

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Page 4
'vopy;' epid
‘jpir GjpJ lhsh;fs; ,d;d gUtj;jpNyNa jkJ Mh;tj;jhY rpifia ntsp nrayhw;Wtjhd gUtj;ijAk; m ‘vopy;’ rQ;rpi jhf mike;jJ.
1968 mf;Nlhghpy; fl;Lngj;ij njhopy;El;gf fpiljJ mq;F Nrh;e;Njd;. ,d;W nkhwl;Lit KOtsh;r;rp ngw;W kpspUk; mf;fy;tpj;jhapd; g gbfisf; fz;lJ.
mWgJfSf;F Kd; kUjhidapYs;s njhopy epWtdkhf mike;J nghwpapay;> th;j;jfk; Nghd;w l;gg; gapw;rpfis mspj;J te;jJ. gpd;dh; mW nghwpapay; Jiwrhh; fw;ifnewpfSf;nfdNt n of Practical Technology vDk; epWtdk;. And];N fNdba cjtpAlDk; cjakhd ,e;epWtdk;, tp lege of Technology vd Mfpw;W. ,t;Ntis khztdhNdd;. njhlh;e;J, vOgJfspd; eLg;gF gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; fl;Lngj;ij tshfkhfTk;; m gpd;dh; KOikahd nkhwl;Litg; gy;fiyf;fof
ehd; Nrh;e;jJ Xuhz;Lfhy KONeu ‘nghwp newpapy;. ,jid 69y; Kbj;j gpd; njhlh;e;J %d;wh vdg;gl;l gFjpNeu rhd;wpjo; newpapy; fl;Lkhdg; g ,g;gbahf ehyhz;L fhy thrk;.
68 mf;Nlhghpy; ehd; ,q;F Nrh;e;j NghNj ‘vo fUf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. mg;NghJ ‘bg;nuf;’ vdg;gl;l newpahf;fg;gl;l gapw;rpapy; ,uz;lhz;Lfisg; g+h epj;jpahde;jd;, mNj newpapy; Kjyhkhz;il jpy;iyf;$j;jd; vd;w rptRg;gpukzpak;, nry;t ,g;NghJ NDT vdg;gLfpw (mg;NghJ JTO vdg;gl e;j n[aehjd;> y\;kd; Qhdg;gpufhrk; MfpNahU $l;likg;gpid cUthf;fpapUe;jdh;. vd;id Vy
4

'vopy;' epidTfs;
- rhe;jd; -
‘jpir GjpJ’ rQ;rpifapd; ntspaPl; lhsh;fs; ,d;dKk; jkJ khztg; gUtj;jpNyNa ,Ug;gth;fs;. ,Ue;Jk;, jkJ Mh;tj;jhYk; Kaw;rpahYk; ,r;rQ; rpifia ntspapl mth;fs; Kide;J nrayhw;WtjhdJ, vdf;F vd; khztg; gUtj;ijAk; mg;NghJ ehk; ntspapl;l ‘vopy;’ rQ;rpifiaAk; epidt+l;Lt jhf mike;jJ.
l;Lngj;ij njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}hpapy; mDkjp jd;. ,d;W nkhwl;Litg; gy;fiyf;fofkhf pUk; mf;fy;tpj;jhapd; ghpzhk tsh;r;rpAk; gy
UjhidapYs;s njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}hpapNy xNu hwpapay;> th;j;jfk; Nghd;w Jiwfspyhd njhopy;E j;J te;jJ. gpd;dh; mWgJfspd; Muk;gj;jpy; ;ifnewpfSf;nfdNt njhlf;fg;gl;lJ Institute vDk; epWtdk;. And];Nfh mDruizAlDk; jakhd ,e;epWtdk;, tpiutpNyNa Ceylon Col- Mfpw;W. ,t;NtisapNyNa ehd; mq;F ;J, vOgJfspd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,J ,yq;ifg; ngj;ij tshfkhfTk;; mjw;Fr; rpy Mz;Lfspd; hwl;Litg; gy;fiyf;fofkhfTk; Mapw;W.
;Lfhy KONeu ‘nghwpapay; tiuQh;’ gapw;rp bj;j gpd; njhlh;e;J %d;whz;Lfs; Evening Course pjo; newpapy; fl;Lkhdg; gphptpy; mDkjp fpl;bw;W.
thrk;.
; ,q;F Nrh;e;j NghNj ‘vopy; $l;likg;G’ XusT ;NghJ ‘bg;nuf;’ vdg;gl;l gpd;dh; nghwpapay; gl;l py; ,uz;lhz;Lfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;jpUe;j khit. ewpapy; Kjyhkhz;ilg; g+h;j;jp nra;jpUe;j ptRg;gpukzpak;, nry;tuhrh, jh;kghyh; kw;Wk; pw (mg;NghJ JTO vdg;gl;l) newpapy; ,ize;jpU ; Qhdg;gpufhrk; MfpNahUk; kw;Wk; rpyUk; vopy; ;fpapUe;jdh;. vd;id VyNt XusT mwpe;jpUe;j
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khit epj;jpahde;jd; NghdJk; NghfhjJkhf vd nfhz;lhh;. ,g;gbahf> ‘vopy;’ ,d; Gz;zpaj;jh neUq;fpa el;Gk; rfthrKk; vdf;F cldbahfN
‘vop’ ypd; KjyhtJ ,jo;, ngg;uthp 1969y; nt fiy> ,yf;fpa khj ,jo;’ vd;w kFlj;Jld ntspaplg;gl;lJ. me;j Kjy; ,jo; nlhf;lh;. fpwPd nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ. fiy-,yf;fpaj;Jld;> jkpo Ntz;Lnkd;w Kidg;G ‘vop’ Yf;F ,yl;rpak ntspg;gLj;JtJ Nghy, mt;tpjopy; xU rpWfij f;fUj;juq;fk; Nghd;wtw;Wld; ,uz;L tpQ fl;LiufSk; ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jd. mtw;wpnyh vkJ epWtdj;jpy; gzpGhpe;j And];Nfh t nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;lJ.
mLj;j ,jo; mwpQh; mz;zhtpd; glj;Jl khjkplg;gl;L ntspahfpw;W. ,t;tpjopy; ‘mj mwpKfj;Jld; ‘,yj;jpuf; fzdpfs;’ gw;wpa njhlh ,ij vOjpath; mg;NghJ epWtdj;jpd; ngsjpf ,Ue;jtUk;, gpd;dh; ,q;fpyhe;jpw;Fr; nrd;W rp fyhepjpAkha; kpsph;e;J mz;ikapy; fhykhfpat mth;fs;. ,t;tpjopy; ,lk;ngw;w ,yf;fpag; rpWfijAnkhd;W.
‘vopy;’ $l;likg;gpw;F ,Ue;j r%fg; gpuf;iQ me;epakha;g;gl;l murpay; epiyg;ghLk;, ,uz ntspg;gl;ld. ,t;tpjopd; Mrphpaj;jiyaq;fk;, ‘ ngahpy;, kiyafj;jkpoh; FbAhpik ,og;gJ gw;wp vOjg;gl;lJ.
%d;whtJ ,jo;, ,ilapy; te;j tpLKiw f ntspahapw;W. vy;NyhUk; CUf;Fg; NghapU n[aehjd; xUth; kl;Lk; kl;lf;fsg;G. kw;iwa ,t;Ntisapy; aho;g;ghzk; te;jpUe;j rpyk mth;fis, ehDk; ,d;ndhU ez;gUkha; (,g;NghJ ty;ntl;bj;Jiwapy; Ngha;g; Ngl;b fz;Nlhk;. ,g;N te;jJ. mj;Jld; NtwpU Ngl;bfSk; Nrh;e;J mj Mf;fptpl;ld. mg;Ngl;bfspy; xd;W b.Nf.v];. r b.Nf. gftjpapDilaJ. ,tiu khit Ngl;b fz jkpo;thzDilaJ. jkpo;thzd; ,q;F te;jpUe fUj;Jf;fshy; rh;r;irfis cUthf;fpapUe;jhh;. jpYk; Mh;tkhf ,Ue;Njhk;. ,g;nghWg;Gk; ez;gUf;Fk; (ahh;?) jug;gl;lJ.
5

hdJk; NghfhjJkhf vd;idAk; mjpy; Nrh;j;Jf; ‘vopy;’ ,d; Gz;zpaj;jhy; %j;j khzth;fspd; Kk; vdf;F cldbahfNt tha;j;jd.
,jo;, ngg;uthp 1969y; ntspahapw;W. ‘tpQ;Qhd> ,jo;’ vd;w kFlj;Jld; ‘tpiy rjk; 30’ vd jy; ,jo; nlhf;lh;. fpwPd; mth;fl;Fr; rkh;g;gzk; y-,yf;fpaj;Jld;> jkpopy; mwptpaYk; nropf;f ‘vop’ Yf;F ,yl;rpakhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jid mt;tpjopy; xU rpWfij, rpy ftpijfs;, ehlf tw;Wld; ,uz;L tpQ;Qhd/njhopy;El;gf; g;gl;bUe;jd. mtw;wpnyhd;W jpU. tpy;kw; vd;w pGhpe;j And];Nfh ty;Yduhy; vOjg;gl;L,
h; mz;zhtpd; glj;Jld;> ‘gq;Fdp 69’ vdj; fpw;W. ,t;tpjopy; ‘mjpraf;fUtpfs;!’ vDk; ; fzdpfs;’ gw;wpa njhlh; fl;Liu Muk;gkhfpw;W. J epWtdj;jpd; ngsjpftpay; tphpTiuahsuhf ;fpyhe;jpw;Fr; nrd;W rpwe;j nghwpapayhsUk; mz;ikapy; fhykhfpatUkhd f. eNlrypq;fk; ,lk;ngw;w ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gf;fspy; vdJ
,Ue;j r%fg; gpuf;iQAk;, mg;NghJ gyUf;F pay; epiyg;ghLk;, ,uz;lhtJ ,jopypUe;J ; Mrphpaj;jiyaq;fk;, ‘khngUk; mghak;’ vd;w ; FbAhpik ,og;gJ gw;wp khit epj;jpahde;jdhy;
lapy; te;j tpLKiw fhuzkhf, [{dpy; jhd; Uk; CUf;Fg; NghapUe;Njhk;. $l;likg;gpy; k; kl;lf;fsg;G. kw;iwa ahtUk; aho;g;ghzk;. hzk; te;jpUe;j rpyk;Gr; nry;th; k.ngh.rp. dhU ez;gUkha; (,g;NghJ ahnud epidtpy;iy) a;g; Ngl;b fz;Nlhk;. ,g;Ngl;b %d;whtJ ,jopy; Ngl;bfSk; Nrh;e;J mjidg; Ngl;b kyuhfNt fspy; xd;W b.Nf.v];. rNfhjuh;fspnyhUtuhd . ,tiu khit Ngl;b fz;lhh;. %d;whtJ Ngl;b po;thzd; ,q;F te;jpUe;jNghJ ntspapl;l rpy is cUthf;fpapUe;jhh;. vdNt mtiur; re;jpg;g e;Njhk;. ,g;nghWg;Gk; vdf;Fk; ,d;ndhU
; l;lJ.
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,t;tpjopd; jiyaq;fk; mt;Ntisapy; guty fytuq;fisf; fz;bj;J vOjg;gl;lJ. ml;ilg;g xU Gifg;glj;ijf; nfhz;Lte;jpUe;jhh;. epi fiuapYkha; epiwa kdpjh;fs;. vd;d jiyg;G nfhL NghJ> ghujpjhrdpd; thpfshd ‘nts;sk; Nghy; j Kd;itj;Njd;. Vfkdjhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L ntspahapw;W.
ehyhtJ ,jo; [{iyapNyNa ntspahfptpl;lJ U\;ar; rpWfij nkhopngah;g;G ,tw;Wld;, m miye;J nfhz;bUe;j ‘`pg;gp’ fisg; Ngl;b fz vOjpa fl;LiuAk;> ‘ehtyUk; kiyaf kiyafj;jkpohpd; fy;tp epiy gw;wpa Mrphpaj;ji ,Ue;jd.
Ie;jhtJ ,jo;, etk;ghpy; jhd; ntspahapw Ehw;whz;L tpohtpidnahl;b mthpd; glj;i mt;tpjo; te;jJ. toikahd mk;rq;fspd; nj fjhehafdhff; fw;gpj;J khit vOjpa rpW ntspahfpapUe;jJ. ,t;tpjNo ‘vopy;’ ,jopd; f Nehpl;lJ. mtuth; gbg;Gk;, gpur;rpidfSk;, # vk;ikj; njhlutpltpy;iy. (Mdhy;> gpd;dh rk;kjj;Jld; FUefh;/ghira+hpypUe;J xU ez;g ,Uf;fyhk;; epidtpy;iy. ‘vop’ iyg; nghWg;N nfhz;L te;jhh;. gpwF mJTk; epd;W tpl;lJ.)
‘vopy;’ Xuhz;L fhyNk te;jnjdpDk; mJ v nrOikahdit. vjph;fhyj;jpw;fhd xU gapy mike;jJ. ,dpa epidTfspd; Nrkpg;gha; ,d;Wk; gw;wp vOJifapy; vdJ Mf;fnkhd;wpy; ,t;thW
‘jha;nkhop topf;fy;tpahsUf;F Kd;Ng Gjpa rpd;dr;rpd;df; fye;Jiuahly;fSk; fUj;juq;F Kide;j tpbaw; fhyk;. fdTfSk; jpl;lq;fSk fhyk;. (‘vOjg;gl;l mj;jpahaq;fs;’)
$l;likg;igr; Nrh;e;j vy;NyhUNk tpLjpapN apYk; mjd; maw; gpuNjrq;fshd mq;Fyhd Nghd;wtw;wpYNk trpj;Njhk;. Mdhy;, gj;jphpif gl;bj;njUtpy;. KjypU ,jo;fSk; RNu\; mr;rf yl;Rkp mr;rfj;jpYk; mr;rplg;ngw;wd. ,jdhy; Ngh epiwa ,Ue;jd. nfhl;lhQ; NridapypUe;j v uhN[];tud;, RNu\; mr;rf chpikahsh;; mg;Ngh
6

;fk; mt;Ntisapy; gutyhf ,lk; ngw;w rhjpf; vOjg;gl;lJ. ml;ilg;glj;jpw;nfd n[aehjd; fhz;Lte;jpUe;jhh;. epiwag;glFfs; glfpYk; pjh;fs;. vd;d jiyg;G nfhLf;fyhk; vd MNyhrpj;j pfshd ‘nts;sk; Nghy; jkpoh; $l;lk;’ vd;gjid hf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L ,jo; ‘ml;lfhrkhf’
apNyNa ntspahfptpl;lJ. fzpdp njhlh;fl;Liu, opngah;g;G ,tw;Wld;, mg;NghJ cynfq;Fk; `pg;gp’ fisg; Ngl;b fz;L nry;tuhrh jh;kghyh ‘ehtyUk; kiyafKk;’ vd;w ngahpy; p epiy gw;wpa Mrphpaj;jiyaq;fKk; ,t;tpjopy;
k;ghpy; jhd; ntspahapw;W. kfhj;kh fhe;jpapd; nahl;b mthpd; glj;ij ml;ilapy; jhq;fp kahd mk;rq;fspd; njhlh;r;rpAld;> vd;idf; ;J khit vOjpa rpWfijAk; ,t;tpjopy; ;tpjNo ‘vopy;’ ,jopd; filrp ,johfTk; Mf ;Gk;, gpur;rpidfSk;, #oykha; mjw;F Nky; ;iy. (Mdhy;> gpd;dh; vopy; $l;likg;gpd; hira+hpypUe;J xU ez;gh; ngah;> NaRjhrdhf y. ‘vop’ iyg; nghWg;Ngw;W 2> 3 ,jo;fisf;
JTk; epd;W tpl;lJ.)
k te;jnjdpDk; mJ vkf;fspj;j mEgtq;fs; ;fhyj;jpw;fhd xU gapy;fskhf mJ vkf;F fspd; Nrkpg;gha; ,d;Wk; cs;sJ. mf;fhyj;ijg;
Mf;fnkhd;wpy; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;:
;tpahsUf;F Kd;Ng Gjpa khf;]pa rpe;jidfs;- uahly;fSk; fUj;juq;FfSkha;-cUf;nfhs;s ;. fdTfSk; jpl;lq;fSk; fUf;nfhs;s Kad;w ;jpahaq;fs;’)
;j vy;NyhUNk tpLjpapNyh md;wp fl;Lngj;ij Njrq;fshd mq;Fyhd, Nkhy;Ng, ,uj;kyhd jhk;. Mdhy;, gj;jphpif mr;rplg;gl;lJ> Ml;Lg; ,jo;fSk; RNu\; mr;rfj;jpYk; mLj;j %d;Wk; ;rplg;ngw;wd. ,jdhy; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; gpur;rpidfs; ;lhQ; NridapypUe;j vkJ ,d;ndhU ez;gh; ;rf chpikahsh;; mg;NghJ rl;l khztuhapUe;j
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xU kiyafj;J ez;gh; - ngah; Qhgfkpy;iy rptuhkd; MfpNahh; cjtpahapUe;jdh;.
gj;jphpif mr;rpLtjd; ghuq;fshd tpw;gi vk;KilaJk;; vkf;Fk;-Mfpatw;wpd; mOj;jNy v Sf;fpilapy; ngUk; gpur;rpidfshf mike;jd. thu ,WjpapYk; Kiw itj;J ,tw;iwf; ftdpj ‘Ngh];uh;’ xl;LtJ ,uz;L %d;W jlitfs; ,ut fl;Lk;, girthspAk; ifAkha; ehiye;J irf;fps Ue;J nfhl;lhQ;Nrid  moF czh;Tfis Xh; Mzhy ngz;zplk; Nfl;L mwpe;J rpy Mz;fs; $Wfpd jhd; rhpahf ,Uf;fyhk;. ngz;nkhop KOf;fT njhlh;GilaJ. tPhpakhf> espdkhf> ehzq;fye;J mj nrhy;tijg;Nghy Xh; Mzhy; nrhy;y KbahJ. Mdh ghujp Nghy xU NjhoikAzh;NthL> rf kdpjdhfg mg;gbg; gy Mz;fs; ngz;fSf;fhf vOjpapUg;gi mijNghy Xh; MZf;Fs; ngz;ikAk;> ngz;Zf;F vOk; Neuq;fSk; cz;L.
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7

h; - ngah; Qhgfkpy;iy-kw;Wk; yl;Rkp mr;rf tpahapUe;jdh;.
jd; ghuq;fshd tpw;gid, re;jh, tpsk;guk;- fpatw;wpd; mOj;jNy vkJ fw;wy; nraw;ghLf r;rpidfshf mike;jd. khiyapYk;, ,utpYk;, itj;J ,tw;iwf; ftdpj;Njhk;. gj;jphpiff;fhd ;L %d;W jlitfs; ,utpy; nra;Njhk;. Ngh];uh; Akha; ehiye;J irf;fps;fspy; nkhwl;Litapyp  F czh;Tfis Xh; Mzhy; mg;gbNa vOjKbahJ. pe;J rpy Mz;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. mJ Xh; msTf;F ;. ngz;nkhop KOf;fTk; jhad;G> rf;jp epiy espdkhf> ehzq;fye;J mj;jid typfSld; mts; hy; nrhy;y KbahJ. Mdhy; ngz;zpd; cah;Tf;fhf Azh;NthL> rf kdpjdhfg; Ngryhk;. gz;fSf;fhf vOjpapUg;gij khpahijAld; Vw;fpNwd;. ; ngz;ikAk;> ngz;Zf;Fs; Mz;ikAk; tpopj;J
,uh. kPdhl;rp (fizahop Neh;fhzy;)
7

Page 8
NjePh;
NjePh;..... frg;Gf;Fk; ,dpg;Gf;Fk; fyg;Gj; jpUkzk; . ciog;ghspf;F- tpah;f;fhj Neuj;J tUkhdk;. Nrhk;Ngwpf;F tpah;g;gjw;fha; Fbf;Fk; Fbghdk;. . rpyUf;F ,J re;jpg;G Neuj;J rk;gpujhak;. Fbj;Jf;nfhs;tij tpl gpbj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ehfhpfk;. . khb tPl;bw;F NkNyAs;s rpyuf;Fk; tWikf;Nfhl;bw;F fPNoAs;s gyUf;Fk; xU Ntisf;F czT
mtUf;f grpg;gjw;fha; ,tUf;F grpj;jjw;fha; . ez;gh> fz;zPh; te;jhy; fhjyp kb fhy;fs; Jtz;lhy; ifapy; jb NjitNaapy;iy NjePh; Fb
8
. ,Njh fil ifa me;j kiy cio xU N cw;rh
fz;b fdNt Vf;fj xU N Vkhw
mll ek; e Vkhw ,wf;F Vw;Wk . nts ek; Njhy nrhy ghypi gUfpf . NjePh; vk;Ng vl;lh vOj cyf Xl;bt

f;Fk; ;
f;Fk;
j tpl
;Fk;
; k;
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8
. ,Njh filrpr; nrhl;Lf;fha; ifapy; ,Uf;fpwJ me;j kiyAr;rp kdpjh;fspd; ciog;gpd; Cwg;Nghl;l xU Nfhg;ig cw;rhfk;
fz;br; rPiknad;W fdNthL te;jth;fs; Vf;fj;ijj; Njf;fpitj;j xU Nfhg;ig Vkhw;wk;
mllh ek; ehL Vkhw;wj;ij ,wf;Fkjp kl;Lky;y Vw;Wkjp $lr; nra;fpwJ . nts;isf;fhud;; ek; Njhypd; epwnkd;W nrhy;yhkw; nrhy;yp ghypidf; fye;jpjid gUfpf; nfhz;lhd; . NjePh; vk;Nghd;w vj;jidNah vl;lhj ehLfspd; vOj;Jf;fisf; $l cyfj;jpd; ehf;Ffspd; Xl;btpl;l te;jpUf;Fk;?

Page 9
mjdhy; jhd; ed;wp fye;j khpahijnad;W ef;fpf; Fbj;J ehrk; nra;ahky; Kj;jkpl;Lf; Fbg;gnjd;W KbT nra;Njhk; . vd; NjePh; epidTfisj; Njbr; Nrh;f;fpNwd;....
ghrj;NjhL gUf;fg;gl;lhYk; ghy;Fbj;J kl;LNk gof;fg;gl;ljhy; KOrha;f; Fbf;f Kad;W Njhw;w %d;whk; tajpd; Kjw; NjePh;. . tpisahl;L Ntfj;jpy; kwe;J Nghdjhy; ,iyahd;fs; tpOe;J ,we;J Nghdjha; Mwpf; Fbj;j Mwhk; tajpd; mOf;Fj; NjePh; . mjpfhiy mt];j;ijapy; mk;khtpd; iffshy; gy; tpsf;fhknyhU gLf;ifj; NjePh; . fhjyp iffshy; fyf;fpf; nfhLj;jhy; mjid Urpf;fhky; mtisf; Fbj;jhy; ftdpf;f kwe;j fhjy;j; NjePh; .
9
K.kA+u (08.0
njhi Jit jhpg;g js;s caph njUN . rPdpapw RLePh ghrjj ghy;k ez;g eif . rPdpap NjePhp J}ujJ Jd;g nehe ePhpopT . ,it vd; f fhyk fil fw;fz . NjePh vd; f fl;lh

ijnad;W
; njd;W
fisj;
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g;gl;lhYk; k
;jpy;
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hy; y; y;
9
K.kA+ud; (08.08.2000)
njhiyJ}ug; gazj;jhy; Jitf;fg;gl;L jhpg;gplf; filapy; js;shb tpOe;J caph;g;Gf;fha; cwpQ;rpa njUNthuj; NjePh;. . rPdpapw; rpyJsp RLePh; fiuj;J ghrj;jpd; mstpw;F ghy;khitf; nfhl;b ez;gd; je;j eifr; Ritj; NjePh; . rPdpapd; tpiyiaj; NjePhpy; mwpe;J J}uj;J cwtpdhpd; Jd;gj;ijg; Ghpe;J nehe;j Ngha;f; Fbj;j ePhpopTj; NjePh; . ,itnay;yhk; vd; filrpj; NjePh;f; fhyk; tiuf;Fk; filthapy; ,dpf;Fk; fw;fz;lha;f; frf;Fk; . NjePh; vd; ftpijf;fha; ehisf;Fk; fl;lhak; fpilf;Fk;.

Page 10
caph;j;jpUj
-
'jlhy;' vd;w yiwapDs;spU njspthfNt Gh epd;W nfhz;bU ahd Nfhgk; f vq;Fk; gutpw;W mf;Nfhgj;jpDs Ghpe;J nfhz;N lypy; xUtpj njhw;wpapUe;ji
vg;gbNah g+id mtid tpQ;rpa rf;j tUtjhfj; Njhd;wpw;W me;j epidg;gpdhy; v mtidf; $dpf;FWf itj;jJ. ePz;l jbnahd g+idkPJ gad;gLj;jj; jf;f jUzj;ij kpfTk; mt; vjph;ghh;g;gpd; Njhy;tpapy; jhd; ,j;jPh;khd
me;jr; Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpy; g+idfs; jhkhfj; 

Page 11
nfhbajpy;iy vdj; jd;idj;jhNd epWtpf; nf id vd;wiof;fyhkh vd;W $lj; Njhd;wpw czit mikjpahfj; jpd;Wtpl;L xJf;fkhf rpwpJ ehl;fs; nry;yj; jhdhfj; NjbAz;ZjypY mijj; jl;LKl;Lr; rhkhd; epiwe;j vypfs; mb miwapDs; tpl;L xUKiw g+l;bdhs; ghl;b. cUl;Lk; Xir epiwe;jJ. me;j ,utpy; jpUg;jp x ghl;b tyk; te;jNghJk; $l fhiyapy; me;j g+id miwiatpl;L ntspNaw vLj;j gpuaj;j Ntwpy;iy vdf;fz;Lnfhz;l NghJ Vkhw;w tpuf;jpAs; js;spw;W, vdpDk; kpifapy;iy.
rpy fhyq;fspd; gpd; g+id mbf;fb fhzh tUtJ njhpatpy;iy. Mdhy; ghl;b nrh thh;j;ijfs; fUJkplj;J mjd; taJ ghl;bi Nahrpf;f itj;jnjd;Nw mtd; ek;gpdhd;. rpy tapw;iwj; js;sp ele;jJ g+id. ghl;bapd; kdJs; tpae;jhd; vdpDk; mtd; mij ntspg y;iy. mofpa gspq;F Nghy; xspUk; tpopfs;> c Ak;moFk; rktpfpjf; fyg;gpy; kpDkpDf;Fk; m ehs; mjd; Nkdp njhl;lNghjhd mDgtk nkd;ikaha;j; jq;fpapUe;jJ.
vt;thW ,Ue;jhy; vd;d g+idia mtd KbahjpUe;jJ.
“gps;isfs; ngw;wjg; g+id - mit NgU
ghujp tPl;by; tsh;e;j g+id ,t;tpjk; f\;l ghujpapd; capnuhd;wpa Nerpg;gpd; trg;gl;L A [Ptpjj;ij cWjpnfhz;bUf;fpwJ me;jg; g+id Ak; gps;isfs; ngw;wJ. Mdhy; gps;isfs; xt;n jpUl;Lj;jdk; iftug;ngw;wdthapUe;jd. mt Sk; rhf]q;fSk; kpd;dy; Ntfj;jpyhd ifthpi cr;rq;fspy; xsph;e;j NghjpYk; mtdhy; mtw;i jJ. g+idfspdhyhd njhe;juT ,g;NghJ m xUtpj tpuf;jpia Mf;fpapUe;jJ.
fz;zk;kh xU g+idia tsh;j;J te;jhns vypnahd;iwg; gpbj;J cldbahff; nfhy;yhJ j;jpanjd;Wk; gpd;dh; mg;g+idf;Fj; jf;fnjh
11

d;idj;jhNd epWtpf; nfhz;lJ. mij rhkpg;g+ vd;W $lj; Njhd;wpw;W. ghl;b itf;fpd;w ; jpd;Wtpl;L xJf;fkhf tho;e;J te;jJ g+id. jhdhfj; NjbAz;ZjypYk; mJ fth;r;rpAw;wJ. khd; epiwe;j vypfs; mbf;fb Fk;khskbf;Fk; Kiw g+l;bdhs; ghl;b. ,utpidg; ngl;bfs; J. me;j ,utpy; jpUg;jp xsp RlUk; Kfj;NjhL k; $l fhiyapy; me;jr; rj;jq;fnsy;yhk; ntspNaw vLj;j gpuaj;jdq;fs; kl;LNkad;wp nfhz;l NghJ Vkhw;wk; mtis xUtpj dpDk; kpifapy;iy.
pd; g+id mbf;fb fhzhky; NghdJ> NghtJ . Mdhy; ghl;b nrhd;d nrhy;yf;$lhj j;J mjd; taJ ghl;biaf; FWf;Fj;jdkhf w mtd; ek;gpdhd;. rpy ehl;fspd; gpd; rw;Nw e;jJ g+id. ghl;bapd; vjph;T $wiyj; jd; pDk; mtd; mij ntspg;gilahfr; nrhy;ytp Nghy; xspUk; tpopfs;> cly; KOJk; nrOik fyg;gpy; kpDkpDf;Fk; moF. jw;nrayhf xU jhl;lNghjhd mDgtk; ,d;Dk; mtDs; pUe;jJ.
; vd;d g+idia mtdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s
jg; g+id - mit NgUf;nfhU epwkhFk;”
;j g+id ,t;tpjk; f\;lk; nfhLj;jpUf;fhjh? pa Nerpg;gpd; trg;gl;L Afq;fs; fle;Jk; jd; ;bUf;fpwJ me;jg; g+id. mtdJ tPl;Lg;g+id . Mdhy; gps;isfs; xt;nthd;Wk; ,ay;ghfNt ;ngw;wdthapUe;jd. mtw;wpd; JLf;Fj;jdq;f ;dy; Ntfj;jpyhd ifthpirfSk; Mw;wy;fspd; ghjpYk; mtdhy; mtw;iw urpf;f KbahjpUe; njhe;juT ,g;NghJ mtdJ tho;tpNyNa f;fpapUe;jJ.
dia tsh;j;J te;jhnsd;Wk; mg;g+idahdJ cldbahff; nfhy;yhJ tpisahbj; Jd;GW mg;g+idf;Fj; jf;fnjhU jz;lidia eha;
11


Page 12
toq;fpajhfTk; ,td; rpd;dQ;rpW tajpy; g mikjpahd ntspg;gfd;w ,Us; jpuz;l ,uTf ty;yth;fSf;F ty;yth;fs; te;Nj jPUthh;f jj;JtkhdJ mtd; kdjpy; rpwpJ ghiy vOe;jNghJ eha;fspy; fhuzkwpahj gpNuik f fz;lhd;. Mdhy; ve;j ehAk; mtd; tPl;Lg; g+ Jzpatpy;iy vd;gijAk; eha;fisg; g+id kjpf;ftpy;iy vd;gijAk; mwpe;jNghJ kpFe
‘rpyPh;’ vd;w fz;zhb nehUq;Fk; Xir kPz
‘vd;dg;gh Ngha;g; ghUq;Nfhtd;’
mUfpy; gLj;jpUe;j kidtpapd; Fuy; fpRfpR mUikahd J}f;fj;ijf; nfLj;j g+idkPJ te;jJ. vOe;jNghNj xU ePz;l jbia vLj;Jf thriy milf;Fk;gb epd;Wnfhs;sg; Nghf jbiaj; J}f;fp... J}f;fp vd;d nra;tJ? jiykPJ l;Lk; G+id. NfhgKw;w mtd; kdk; nfhiyf kWfzNk Fw;wj;jpw;F mjpfkhd jz;lidN jhd;. gpwF mjd; fhy;fisj; jhf;fpf; fhag;gLj mtdJ epidTyfk; KOJk; epuk;gp tope;jJ
gJq;fpg;gJq;fp rikayiwf;F te;jNghJ vjphpahff; nfhz;l Ngijikia ahuhtJ mw vd;w gaj;Jld; mtdJ tpopfs; miygha;e;jd apy; g+id mkh;e;jpUe;jJ. nky;yj;jb Xq;fpa jpUk;gpw;W mJ. ,td; vjph;ghuhj Ntfj;jpy; gha;e;Njhb ,tdJ fz;fSf;F ntWikia ntWikia Vkhw;wkhfj; jd;kdjpy; tphpj;jhd
‘rdpad;... jg;gPl;LJ...’
me;jj; jbf;Fg; gjpyhff; $hpa MAjk; j iyAk; mjdhy; mg;g+idiaj; jhf;fp ntw;wp n epoy; Njhw;wj;ij kdjpy; vOg;gp mjdhy; xUt mtd;. mdhy; kWehs; mj;jpUg;jpia mtdh
‘vd;dg;gh... g+id epidg;gh...?’
fyPnudr; rphpj;j kidtpapd; Kfj;jpy; epue;jug;gl;bUj;jiy mtd; fz;lhd;.
‘vd;id epidAq;Nfh...’
12

; rpd;dQ;rpW tajpy; gbj;j fij xUehs; d;w ,Us; jpuz;l ,uTf;fdtpy; te;jJ. Mf, th;fs; te;Nj jPUthh;fs; vd;w mbg;gilj; kdjpy; rpwpJ ghiy thh;j;jJ. kWehs; ; fhuzkwpahj gpNuik fpsh;e;jpUg;gij mtd; ehAk; mtd; tPl;Lg; g+idiaj; jpfpY}l;lj; jAk; eha;fisg; g+id xU nghUl;lhfNt jAk; mwpe;jNghJ kpFe;j Vkhw;wKw;whd;.
hb nehUq;Fk; Xir kPz;Lk; vOe;jJ.
ghUq;Nfhtd;’
kidtpapd; Fuy; fpRfpRg;gha; xypj;jJ. me;j jf; nfLj;j g+idkPJ Mj;jpuk; Mj;jpukhf U ePz;l jbia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. ed;whf b epd;Wnfhs;sg; Nghfpd;whd; mtd;. gpwF p vd;d nra;tJ? jiykPJ xNu NghL. nrj;Jtpo ;w mtd; kdk; nfhiyfhudha;f; fWtp w;W. mjpfkhd jz;lidNah vd kdQ;Nrhh;e; ;fisj; jhf;fpf; fhag;gLj;jr; rpj;jq;nfhz;lhd;.
KOJk; epuk;gp tope;jJ g+id.
kayiwf;F te;jNghJ g+idiaj; jd;ndjph; ijikia ahuhtJ mwpe;J nfhz;lhh;fNsh J tpopfs; miygha;e;jd. kq;fpa nkd;ndhsp ;jJ. nky;yj;jb Xq;fpa nghOjpy; rLjpahfj; ; vjph;ghuhj Ntfj;jpy; vjph;ghuhj jpirapy; z;fSf;F ntWikiag; ghprhf;fpw;W. me;j hfj; jd;kdjpy; tphpj;jhd; mtd;.
...’
pyhff; $hpa MAjk; jd;iftrg; gl;bUj;j diaj; jhf;fp ntw;wp nfhs;tijAk; nfhz;l py; vOg;gp mjdhy; xUtpj jpUg;jp nfhz;lhd; ; mj;jpUg;jpia mtdhfNt njhiyj;jhd;.
epidg;gh...?’
kidtpapd; Kfj;jpy; xU Nfypapd; ,io mtd; fz;lhd;.
fh...’
12


Page 13
mtsJ nkd;rpZf;fj;ij urpf;Fk; epi xU nghpa Nghhpy; Njhw;wjhfNt mtd; czh
me;jg;g+idapd; vjph;fhyk; vjph;ghuhj tpjk ,Uehl;fspd; gpwF. kPz;Lk; rw;Nw tapWg;gpa nghwpapy; rpf;fpapUe;jJ. mtDs; ,Ue;j Nfhg ,ize;Jah;e;j nghOjpy; kPidg;nghwpapiu g+id khl;bg;NghapUe;jJ. xU rpW igapD tpl;lJ. eha; gpbf;Fk; njhopyhsh;fsplk; mi
‘,ijAk; Kbr;rpLq;Nfh...’
mth;fs; mijf; $z;bDs; nfhl;ba gp czh;e;J rw;Nw tpag;gha; ghh;j;jhh;fs;. ,td; f mth;fspy; xUtdJ ifapy; nfhQ;rk; gzj;i
‘g+idj;njhy;iy nghWf;NfyhJ. vJf;Fk;
,e;j thh;j;ijfisr; nrhd;d nghOjpy; K epidtpy; te;jJ. mJ vypj;njhy;iy gw;wp njhy;iyfis khw;Wtjpy; nfl;bj;jdk; cilan te;jhd;.
‘Kbr;rpLq;Nfh...’
kPz;Lk; nrhd;dhd;. $z;bDs; g+id gy jdpj;J xJq;fp epd;wJ. ,td; ghh;j;j nghOjpy re;jpj;jhd;. VJk; nra;aKbahj ,f;fl;bd; jt xUfzk; jhd; mg;ghh;itia type;J tpyf;f
“KbQ;rjh... epidr;rpLq;Nfh.”
gzj;ij thq;fpf; nfhz;ltd; fhtpg;gw;fshy kha;r; rpe;jpdhd;. eha;f;$z;L tz;b efh;e;J n[apj;Jtpl;ljhfj; Njhd;wpaJ. Mdhy; nr fdjpia md;wp jpUg;jpia mtdhy; czu K kidtpapd; Kfj;jpyhd Nfypapd; ,ioi fhzNtz;bajpy;iy.
,uT ‘kpaht;’ vd;wJ g+id. kdk; rpyph;j;J fj;Jk; rj;jk; mtdJ fhJfisr; rk;kl;bahy; m FYf;fpf; nfhz;lhd;. Mdhy; epidTfs; F njsptha; Mfp ,td; nra;Jtpl;l nfhLiki
13

Zf;fj;ij urpf;Fk; epiyapy; mtd; ,y;iy. hw;wjhfNt mtd; czh;e;jhd;.
ph;fhyk; vjph;ghuhj tpjkhf KbTf;F te;jJ Pz;Lk; rw;Nw tapWg;gpapUe;j g+idapd; fhy; J. mtDs; ,Ue;j NfhghNtrKk; tQ;rfKk; jpy; kPidg;nghwpapiuahf itj;jpUe;jhd;. e;jJ. xU rpW igapDs; ,l;Lf; fl;bahfp
; njhopyhsh;fsplk; mijf; ifaspj;jhd;.
;Nfh...’
$z;bDs; nfhl;ba gpwF jhd; g+id vd ha; ghh;j;jhh;fs;. ,td; fz;fspy; nfQ;rYld;
fapy; nfhQ;rk; gzj;ij mOj;jpdhd;.
ghWf;NfyhJ. vJf;Fk; xU mstpUf;F’
r; nrhd;d nghOjpy; Kd;nghU ehs; Nfl;lJ J vypj;njhy;iy gw;wpapUe;jJ. fhykhdJ jpy; nfl;bj;jdk; cilanjDk; KbTf;F mtd;
;. $z;bDs; g+id gy eha;fspd; ,ilapy; . ,td; ghh;j;j nghOjpy; g+idapd; tpopfisr; ;aKbahj ,f;fl;bd; jtpg;G epuk;gpa fz;fs;. ;itia type;J tpyf;fpf; nfhz;lhd;.
r;rpLq;Nfh.”
fhz;ltd; fhtpg;gw;fshyhd rphpg;igr; re;Njhr a;f;$z;L tz;b efh;e;J tpl;lJ. g+idia jhd;wpaJ. Mdhy; nrhy;ytpayhj xUtpj pia mtdhy; czu Kbatpy;iy. MdhYk; hd Nfypapd; ,ioia ,dpNky; mtd;
J g+id. kdk; rpyph;j;Jf; nfhz;lJ. g+id fhJfisr; rk;kl;bahy; miwe;jJ. jiyiaf; ;. Mdhy; epidTfs; FYq;fhky; njs;sj;
; nra;Jtpl;l nfhLikiag; giw rhw;wpd.
13


Page 14
‘g+id... g+id...’
,td; jd;Dzh;tpd;wp cr;rhpj;jhd;.
‘vd;dg;gh g+id jhd; nrj;Jg; Nghl;LNj...
kidtp epj;jpiuf; Fog;gj;NjhL KZKZj
‘,y;iy... mJ rhNfy;iy...’
eha;f;$z;bd; Xuj;jpy; xJq;fp epd;W me;j ghh;j;j ghh;it mtdJ neQ;rpy; jq;fp tUj jtpg;G Ks;sha; cWj;jpw;W.
g+idapd; cg;gpa tapW kdf;fz;zpy; vO kidtp jha;ikAWifapy; $l g+idapd; ep itf;FNk vd mQ;rpdhd;. kidtpapd; kpU ,yFthfg; g+idapd; nkd;ikia kPl;LtpLt tpyf;fp cl; fhh;e;jhd;. nky;y vOe;J el;rj;jpug;g+f;fisj; J}tpapUe;jJ thdk;. mtw mtw;wpy; $l kiwe;J fplf;Fk; xU t Njhw;wj;ijNa mtd; fz;lhd;. khztg; gU iaf; fz;Lgpbf;f Kbahj mtdpd; fz;fs el;rj;jpuq;fSs; fhz;gjpy; rpukg;gh lhjpUg;g tpae;jhd;.
tpopfis thd;ntspapypUe;J gphpj;njLj kuepoy; mirTfis Nehf;fpdhd;. me;j mir rhfrq;fis mtDf;F epidg;g+l;bw;W. jd; ta fhtpapUe;j NghJ mg;g+id vj;jid tre;jf; f;Fk;. midj;ijAk; nehUf;fp mijr; rhf;fsj mtd;. ,dp mtdhy; mijf; fhg;ghw;w KbahJ jpzwp ,we;jpUf;Fk; mJ. Mdhy; ,tDs; kl kdpjk; caph;f;fpd;w nghOJfSf;fg;ghy; go re;Njhrkhfj; Ja;f;f KbahnjDk; jPh;khdj;i topfpd;w fz;zPh; vOjpw;W. Ntfkha; miwa naOJk; Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lh jiyg;gpl;lJ. ,yf;fpa neQ;rq;fNs>
cq;fs; gpuNjrj;jpNyh my;yJ ghlrh ,jo;fis tpepNahfpf;f tpUk;GNthh; vk;K
tpahghhpfSf;F fopT t
14

;wp cr;rhpj;jhd;.
hd; nrj;Jg; Nghl;LNj...’
og;gj;NjhL KZKZj;Jj; jpUk;gpg;gLj;jhs;.
y;iy...’
;jpy; xJq;fp epd;W me;jg; g+id ,Wjpahfg; J neQ;rpy; jq;fp tUj;jpw;W mg;ghh;itapd; ;jpw;W.
tapW kdf;fz;zpy; vOe;jJ. ,tdJ ,sk; fapy; $l g+idapd; epidg;ngOe;J tUe;j pdhd;. kidtpapd; kpUJthd fuq;fs; $l ; nkd;ikia kPl;LtpLtjpy; mtis nky;y hd;. nky;y vOe;J ntspapy; ele;jhd;. }tpapUe;jJ thdk;. mtw;iw cw;Wg;ghh;j;jhd; e;J fplf;Fk; xU tapWg;gpa g+idapd; ; fz;lhd;. khztg; gUtj;jpy; ‘ngUq;fub” bahj mtdpd; fz;fs; g+idapd; cUit ;gjpy; rpukg;gh lhjpUg;gjw;fhfj; jd;idNa
tspapypUe;J gphpj;njLj;J epynthsp Mf;fpa Nehf;fpdhd;. me;j mirTfs; $l g+idapd; epidg;g+l;bw;W. jd; tapw;Ws; Foe;ijfisf; ;g+id vj;jid tre;jf; fdTfisf; fz;bU ehUf;fp mijr; rhf;fsj;jpw;F mDg;gp tpl;lhd; mijf; fhg;ghw;w KbahJ. ePhpy; Ko;fp %r;Rj; J. Mdhy; ,tDs; kl;Lk; caph;j;jpUf;fpwJ ghOJfSf;fg;ghy; gopthq;fw; jpUg;jpfis KbahnjDk; jPh;khdj;ij mtd; fd;dj;jpy; jpw;W. Ntfkha; miwapDs; GFe;J ftpij fj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. if ‘g+id’ vd;W
gpuNjrj;jpNyh my;yJ ghlrhiyapNyh 'jpir GjpJ' pepNahfpf;f tpUk;GNthh; vk;Kld; njhlh;G nfhs;sTk;.
tpahghhpfSf;F fopT toq;fg;gLk;
14


Page 15
re;jpg;G
ftpQh; Nrh.g.
ftpQh; Nrh.gj;kehjd; kuG top epd;W ftpi fspy; Ngr;Nrhirg; gz;igr; rpwg;ghfg; gad;gL Ald; nghUSf;Nfw;gj; jhpj;J thrpg;gjhy; ft g;gth;.
 rpWfijfisg; gpwnkho j;J}lhfj; jkpOf;Fk; jkpo;g; gilg;Gf;fis M ngah;e;J tUfpwhh;. ,tuJ 'Mgphpf;ff; ftpij njhFjpf;F 2001k; Mz;Lf;fhd rhfpj;jpa tpU
fhtbr; rpe;J(,irg;ghly;)> tlf;fpUj;jy; Mgphpf;ff; ftpijfs; (nkhop ngah;g;G) Mfpat Nrh.g ehlfk;> nrhw;nghopTj; JiwfspYk; gq
Neh;fz;lth;-jp.
Kjypy; cq;fs; FLk;gk;> fy;tp> njhopy; vd;gd
ngw;Nwhh; NrhkRe;juk; gps;is - khzpf;fk;. 1 gpwe;j ,lk; rpg;gpj;jiw ,J Nfhk;igad; kzy MWfhy; klj;jpw;Ff;fpof;fhfTk; nfhf;FtpYf;Fj s;sJ.
%d;whk; tFg;Gtiu rpwP itj;jpypq;f tpj;j aho;g;ghzk; ,e;Jf;fy;Y}hpapYk; fy;tp fw;Nw gps;isfs; ehy;th;- ,sq;Nfh> M&ud;> nre;J}ud
jghy;-je;jpg; gFjpapy; njhopy;Ghpa Muk;gpj;N Quhf MW Mz;Lfs;. gpd;dh; gjpndl;L Mz;Lfs gjp%d;W Mz;Lfs; Mq;fpy tphpTiuahsuhf mjd; gpd; %d;whz;Lfs; gyhyp Mrphpa fyhrhi
15

re;jpg;G
ftpQh; Nrh.g.
hjd; kuG top epd;W ftpij jUgth;. ftpij z;igr; rpwg;ghfg; gad;gLj;Jgth;. Ngr;Nrhir j; jhpj;J thrpg;gjhy; ftpauq;Ffspw; gpufhrp
,aq;fptUk; nkhop ngah;g;ghsh;fSs; xUt ;> rpWfijfisg; gpwnkhopfspypUe;J Mq;fpy ; jkpo;g; gilg;Gf;fis Mq;fpyj;jpw;Fk; nkhop tuJ 'Mgphpf;ff; ftpijfs;' nkhopngah;g;Gj; z;Lf;fhd rhfpj;jpa tpUJ fpilj;Js;sJ.
rg;ghly;)> tlf;fpUj;jy; (ftpijj; njhFjp)> ; (nkhop ngah;g;G) Mfpatw;iwj; je;jpUf;Fk; ghopTj; JiwfspYk; gq;fhw;wpAs;shh;.
Neh;fz;lth;-jp.nry;tkNdhfud;.
k;gk;> fy;tp> njhopy; vd;gd gw;wpf; $Wq;;fs;.
; gps;is - khzpf;fk;. 14.09.1939 ,y; gpwe;Njd;. ,J Nfhk;igad; kzy; Rliyf;F Nkw;fhfTk; f;fhfTk; nfhf;FtpYf;Fj; njw;fhfTk; mike;J
rpwP itj;jpypq;f tpj;jpahrhiyapYk; gpd;dh; ;Y}hpapYk; fy;tp fw;Nwd;. kidtp rptNrhjp> q;Nfh> M&ud;> nre;J}ud;> mgh;zh.
py; njhopy;Ghpa Muk;gpj;Njd;. gpwF vOJtpid pd;dh; gjpndl;L Mz;Lfs; Mrphpaj; njhopypYk; q;fpy tphpTiuahsuhfTk; flikahw;wpNdd;. ; gyhyp Mrphpa fyhrhiy mjpguhapUe;Njd;.
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Page 16
cq;fs; ,yf;fpa ehl;lj;jpw;F> vOj;Jyfg; gpu vd;d?
kpfr; rpwpa tajpypUe;J Nfl;l thhpahh; NgUiu fhh;j;jpNfaDila rfthrk; - mth; je;j Cf;f ,Ue;jd.
mf;fhyj;jpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}hpapy; jpUf;$l;lk; xd fhh;j;jpNfad;> gz;bjh; nry;yj;Jiu> it. Vuk;g% vd jkpowpQh; xU thpir nfhk;A+dp];w; fhh;j;jpN V.v];. fdfuj;jpdk;> mw;Gjuj;jpdk; Kjypa ,lJr mjpgh; Mirg;gps;is> rP.rghuj;jpdk;> tp.uhkfpU tp.kfhNjtd; vd;w Jiwrhh; epGzh;fs; thpir gpwpn NshL 'curp' cUthfpaNj vd; MSik.
cq;fs; Kjw; gilg;G Kaw;rp QhgfkpUf;fpwj
gjpdhd;F tajpy; VNjNjh fpWf;fpg; ghh;j;j Q fy;Y}hpr; rQ;rpiff;F vOjpa “aho;g;ghzk;” Kj
etuj;jpdrhkp ghf;F ePhpizia ePe;jpf; fle gjpdhW. xt;nthU jkpoDk; neQ;ir epkph;j;jp cy rhjid gw;wp ehd; vOjpa ftpij tujh; Mrphpa ,izahrphpauhfTk; ,Ue;J elj;jpa Mde;jd; K apw;W
gpwnfd;d>. vd; ftpijj; Njh;
“rPh;> jis Nkhidahy; rpwe;j
Xh; jdpr; nra;Asha;” cUsyhapw;W.
cq;fs; ftpAyf ahj;jpiuapy; Mjh;rkhf ahiu
ftp GidAk; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ghujp xU nghpa  k`hftp Mjh;r ehafd;.
ePq;fs; kuGtop epd;W ftpij jUgth;. GJf; f epidf;fpwPh;fs;?
ahg;G tpjpf;Fk; fl;Lg;ghLfis kPwp> fUj;Jf;F jUtJ GJf;ftpij. ‘verse libre’ my;yJ tpLji gpnuQ;rpYk; ‘free verse’ vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpYk njYq;fpYk; ‘epre;j];’ vd;W rpq;fsj;jpYk; ,J jisfspypUe;J tpLgLjy; vd;gij ,g; ngah;fs
16

hl;lj;jpw;F> vOj;Jyfg; gpuNtrj;jpw;F gpd;dzp
;J Nfl;l thhpahh; NgUiufs;; FUehjh; tpj;Jthd; hrk; - mth; je;j Cf;fk; vd;gd gpd;dzpahf
fy;Y}hpapy; jpUf;$l;lk; xd;W ,Ue;jJ. tpj;Jthd; ry;yj;Jiu> it. Vuk;g%h;j;jp> f.rptuhkypq;fk; r nfhk;A+dp];w; fhh;j;jpNfrd;> m.itj;jpypq;fk;> juj;jpdk; Kjypa ,lJrhhpfs; thpir kw;nwhd;W> rP.rghuj;jpdk;> tp.uhkfpU\;zd;> P.S.Fkhurhkp. rhh; epGzh;fs; thpir gpwpnjhd;W> ,e;j MSikf Nj vd; MSik. g;G Kaw;rp QhgfkpUf;fpwjh?
jNjh fpWf;fpg; ghh;j;j Qhgfk;. gjpdhW tajpy;
jpa “aho;g;ghzk;” Kjw; ftpij vdyhk;.
ePhpizia ePe;jpf; fle;j NghJ vdf;F taJ k; neQ;ir epkph;j;jp cyhtpa fhyk; mJ. me;jr; pa ftpij tujh; MrphpauhfTk;> GJikNyhyd; e;J elj;jpa Mde;jd; Kjw;gf;fj;jpy;. ntspah
tpijj; Njh;
ahy; rpwe;j
a;” cUsyhapw;W.
j;jpiuapy; Mjh;rkhf ahiuf; nfhs;fpd;wPh;fs;?
Uf;Fk; ghujp xU nghpa ce;J rf;jp. ,J nghJ. `hftp Mjh;r ehafd;.
;W ftpij jUgth;. GJf; ftpij gw;wp vd;d
;ghLfis kPwp> fUj;Jf;F- nra;jpf;F - Kjd;ik rse libre’ my;yJ tpLjiy ngw;w ftpij vd;W ’ vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpYk; ‘jpfk;gu ftp’ vd;W vd;W rpq;fsj;jpYk; ,J toq;Ffpd;wJ. ahg;gpd; jy; vd;gij ,g; ngah;fs; Fwpf;fpd;wd.
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Page 17
kuGf;ftpij kpf Nkhrkhd nrhy;yLf;Ffs; n Nghy> nrhw; rpyk;gkhLk; GJf;ftpijfs; Vuhsk vd;d ghbdhYk;> VO Ruq;fs; (Ie;J tiu Fiwa epw;gJ Nghy> ftpijAk; Xir> yak; vd;w vy;iy jUtJ.
‘Rit GjpJ> nrhy; GjpJ’ Mf tUk; et mNj Ntisapy;> vkf;Fhpajhd ePz;l ftpij epuhfhpf;f kdk; xUg;gltpy;iy.
jpUg;Gfo; re;jj;ijf; ifahs;tJ fbdnkdg; gz fs;. ePq;fs; jpUg;Gfo;r; re;jj;jpy; ghbAs;sPh;fs;. mJ
jpUg;Gfio ‘yakhypif’ vd;Ngd; mUzfphpapd Xir EZf;fj;jpy; mf;fiw cs;sth;fs; jpUg;G jpUg; Gfo; fbdkhdJ vd;w vz;zk; gjpe;J tpl;l ahd ghly;fs; ,Ug;gijg; gyh; kwe;J tpLfpwhh;s
“fhyd; vidaZ fhky; cdjpU
fhypy; topgl mUs;thNa!”
“njhe;jp rhpa> kapNu ntspw> epiu
je;j kira KJNf tisa ,jo;
njhq;f xUif jbNky; tu kfsph; eifahb
‘njhz;L fpotd; ,th; Mh;?’vd”
,jpy; vd;d f\;lk;?
vd;idg; nghWj;j tiuapy; vy;yhg; gh tbtq Sf; Nfw;g - gad;gLj;Jk; Mh;tk; cz;L. jpUg;Gf vdf;F kpf ctg;ghdit.
ntt;NtW fhyg; gFjpfspy; ePq;fs; tpUk;gpg goe;jkpopyf;fpaq;fs;;  jkpofj;Jj; jkpo;f
goe;jkpopyf;fpaq;fspy; rpyg;gjpfhuk;> jpt;t shapuk;> ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;> mUl;gh Nghd;wtw;iwf
etPd ftpQh;fspy; ghujp> ghujpjhrd;> r.J ituKj;J> k`hftp> ePyhtzd;> KUifad;> GJ m];tNfh\;> el;rj;jpud; nrt;tpe;jpad;> tpy;tuj ePSk;.
17

hrkhd nrhy;yLf;Ffs; nfhz;L ,aw;wg;g LtJ k; GJf;ftpijfs; Vuhsk;. ,irthzd; xUtd; q;fs; (Ie;J tiu Fiwayhk;) vd;w vy;iyf;Fs; ; Xir> yak; vd;w vy;iyfSf;Fs; epd;W ,d;gk;
; GjpJ’ Mf tUk; et ftpijia tuNtw;Fk; hpajhd ePz;l ftpij kugpd; mE$yq;fis tpy;iy. ; ifahs;tJ fbdnkdg; gz;bjh;fNs $Wfpwhh; ; ; re;jj;jpy; ghbAs;sPh;fs;. mJ rpukkhapy;iyah?
if’ vd;Ngd; mUzfphpapd; rhjid kpfg;nghpaJ. ;fiw cs;sth;fs; jpUg;Gfiog; gapy Ntz;Lk;. d;w vz;zk; gjpe;J tpl;lJ. jpUg;Gfopy; vspik
g; gyh; kwe;J tpLfpwhh;s;.
ky; cdjpU
;thNa!”
ntspw> epiu
tisa ,jo;
y; tu kfsph; eifahb
th; Mh;?’vd”
iuapy; vy;yhg; gh tbtq;fisAk; - re;jh;g;gq;f k; Mh;tk; cz;L. jpUg;Gfo;> fhtbr;rpe;J vd;gd
.
Fjpfspy; ePq;fs; tpUk;gpg; gbj;j> gbf;fpd;w ;;  jkpofj;Jj; jkpo;f; ftpQh;fs; gw;wp.
py; rpyg;gjpfhuk;> jpt;tpa gpuge;jk;> Kj;njhs; ;> mUl;gh Nghd;wtw;iwf; $wyhk;.
ghujp> ghujpjhrd;> r.J.R.Nahfpahh;> Nkj;jh> htzd;> KUifad;> GJit> Nrud;> n[aghyd;> ; nrt;tpe;jpad;> tpy;tuj;jpdk; ....... vd gl;bay;
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Page 18
Gjpa jiyKiwapdhpy; cq;fSf;F ek;gpf;ifa
,q;fpUf;Fk; ,sq;ftpQh;fspy; n[arPyd;> r fUzhfud; vdr; rpyiuf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
ftpauq;Ffs; gw;wp
ftpij ePz;l neLq;fhykhfr; ‘nrtpEfh te;Js;sJ. ,d;W mJ fl;Gykhfp tpl;lJ v Vw;gjpy;iy. ftpQdhy; kf;fNshL njhlh;G nfhs Kiwahy; ftpij Nfl;Nghiu trg;gLj;j ty;yJ
ftpauq;Ffs; ntWk; nrhy;yhly;fshfNth epfo;r;rpfshfNth kypdg;glf; $lhJ.
,d;iwa ftpijfs; gy ‘,Uz;ikahdit’ gw;wp.
,sq;ftpQh;fs; gbkq;fis mLf;fpf; nfhz;L thrfDf;Fg; Ghpahj msTf;F rpy Ntisfspy ftpij. ghujp nrhy;thuhk;: "jkpioj; jtpu Ntnw ehYNgiu ,Uj;jp> eP vOjpaij thrpj;Jf; fhl;L> vd;W ghh;!"
,d;ndhd;W ftpQh;fSf;F ,yf;fpag; gapw;rp ,y jhNd mfg;igapy; tUk;!.
ftpijf;Fhpa fhyk; Kbe;J tpl;lJ vd;W vOfpd;wdNt.
ahh; nrhd;dJ? caph;f; fdit Ve;Jk; fiyAs ,Uf;Fk; tiu ftpij thOk;. gbj;jth;fs; ,y;yh ,Ug;ghh;fs;. jhyhl;Lk; xg;ghhpAk; vd;W gorha;g
ftpijapd; Muk;gg; gbepiyfspy; epw;Nghh; $l ntspapLfpwhh;fs;. ePz;lfhykhf vOjpf; nfh ,g;NghJ jhd; E}yhf;f Kaw;rpapy;  rptrpjk;guk;> KFe;jd;> f; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
q;fhykhfr; ‘nrtpEfh;fdp’ ahfNt ,Ue;J fl;Gykhfp tpl;lJ vd;W nrhy;tij ehd; kf;fNshL njhlh;G nfhs;s KbAk;. vLj;Jiug;G
ghiu trg;gLj;j ty;yJ.
k; nrhy;yhly;fshfNth kl;lkhd eifr;Rit
g;glf; $lhJ.
; gy ‘,Uz;ikahdit’ vd;W $wg;gLtJ
q;fis mLf;fpf; nfhz;L Nghfpwhh;fs;. rhjhuz sTf;F rpy Ntisfspy; 'nehb'ahfp tpLfpwJ. hk;: "jkpioj; jtpu Ntnwe;j nkhopAk; njhpahj jpaij thrpj;Jf; fhl;L> mth;fSf;Fk; Ghpfpwjh
f;F ,yf;fpag; gapw;rp ,y;iy. rl;bapy; ,Ue;jhy; ;!.
k; Kbe;J tpl;lJ vd;W $lf; Fuy;fs;
;f; fdit Ve;Jk; fiyAs;sk; gilj;j xU [Ptd; hOk;. gbj;jth;fs; ,y;yhJ NghdhYk; ftpQh;fs; xg;ghhpAk; vd;W gorha;g; NghFk;?
gbepiyfspy; epw;Nghh; $l clNdNa njhFg;G ePz;lfhykhf vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ePq;fs; f;f Kaw;rpapy; 

Page 19
ftpij ehl;lk; nfhz;Nl ePq;fs; gpw etPd ,y (rpWfij> ehlfk;...) gilg;G Kaw;rp Nkw;nf
ehlfq;fs; xU rpy vOjpaJz;L. mit epiwag; Gidfijfs; gbg;Ngd;. Mdhy; VNdh v
“vd; KOg;nghOJk; thsha; tpopf;nf toq;fpl;Nld;” mts; jhd; ftpijahk; fhjyp.
gpwnkhopf; ftpijfisj; jkpOf;Fk; nfhz;LtUk vk;.V.E/khd;> rp.rptNrfuk;> m.NaRuhrh> KUi kpfr; rpyNu  ghsp> yj;jPd;> Mq;fpyk;> rpq;fs nkhopfshtJ njhpe;jpUe;jhh;fs;. mLj;j jiyKi tha;j;jJ. ,e;jf; jiyKiwf;F xU nkhop k nra;ayhk;? kpfTk; tWikg;gl;L tpl;Nlhk;.
Nkyjpfkhf xU nkhop njhpAnkd;why;> mk;nk ,yf;fpaj;ij - ,d;ndhU gz;ghl;il- mwpfpNw ,yf;fpa mEgtk; tphptilfpwJ.
vd; mEgtk; gw;wpf; Nfl;fpwPh;fs; Mq;fpyk ftpijiaj; jhprpj;j NghJ rpyph;g;gile;Njd; - Mgphpf;f mEgtKk; rkhe;jukhf ,Uf;ff; fz;L
rpWfij nkhopngah;g;G mEgtq;fs; gw;wp
Mgphpf;fr; rpWijfs; rpytw;iw nkhopngah;j;J \pDt mr;NrNg MfpNahh; fijfs; mtw;Ws; m
ckh tujuh[d;> uhN[];thp ghyRg;gpukz jpUf;Nfhapy; ftpAtd;> uQ;rFkhh; MfpNahhpd; gi ,yq;ifapYk; ntspaplg;gl;l njhFjpfspy; kNfe;jpud;. nrq;if Mopahd;> nrk;gpad; nry;td tpiutpy; mr;NrwTs;sd.
Mq;fpy Mrphpauhd ePq;fs; Mq;fpy nkhop%yf; %yf;fy;tp gw;wp vd;d fUJfpwPh;fs;?
jha;nkhop %yNk fy;tp Nghjpf;fg;gl Nt cWjpahd nfhs;if. Mq;fpyk; mwpTyfj;jpw;Fr;
19

z;Nl ePq;fs; gpw etPd ,yf;fpa tbtq;fspy; .) gilg;G Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhz;lJz;lh?
vOjpaJz;L. mit NkilNawpAKs;sd> gbg;Ngd;. Mdhy; VNdh vOj Kad;wjpy;iy.
k; thsha; tpopf;nfhz;lts; xUj;jpf;F d; ftpijahk; fhjyp.
sj; jkpOf;Fk; nfhz;LtUk; Kaw;rpapy;  m.NaRuhrh> KUifad;> ePq;fs; vd ;sPh;fs;. cq;fs; nkhopngah;g;G mDgtq;fisf;
s;s xU jiyKiw Kd;G ,Ue;jJ. jkpo;> ;jPd;> Mq;fpyk;> rpq;fsk; - ,tw;wpy; %d;W ;jhh;fs;. mLj;j jiyKiwf;F ,Unkhop QhdNk Kiwf;F xU nkhop kl;LNk njhpAk;. vd;d ikg;gl;L tpl;Nlhk;.
op njhpAnkd;why;> mk;nkhop thapyhf> ,d;Ndhh; hU gz;ghl;il- mwpfpNwhk; vd;gJ nghUs;. vk;
ilfpwJ.
; Nfl;fpwPh;fs; Mq;fpyk; thapyhf Mgphpf;ff; ghJ rpyph;g;gile;Njd; - vk; (jkpo;) mDgtKk;
he;jukhf ,Uf;ff; fz;L.
h;g;G mEgtq;fs; gw;wp
; rpytw;iw nkhopngah;j;Js;Nsd;. myd; Ngw;wd;>
hh; fijfs; mtw;Ws; mlf;fk;.
hN[];thp ghyRg;gpukzpak;> my; m]{kj;> uQ;rFkhh; MfpNahhpd; gilg;Gf;fs; fdlhtpYk; plg;gl;l njhFjpfspy; te;Js;sd. Nfhfpyh pahd;> nrk;gpad; nry;td; MfpNahhpd; fijfs; d. ePq;fs; Mq;fpy nkhop%yf; fy;tp - jkpo; nkhop ;d fUJfpwPh;fs;?
fy;tp Nghjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vd;gJ vdJ q;fpyk; mwpTyfj;jpw;Fr; rhsuk;. mjidr; rhj;jp
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Page 20
tplf; $lhJ. ,e; ehl;by; ehk; rpWghd;ika njhpe;jpUg;gJ nghpa mE$yk;. rpq;fsk; fw;gjw;F ek;GfpNwd;.
Mq;fpy nkhop %yf; fy;tpia mwpKfg ntw;wpaspf;Fk; vd ek;GfpwPh;fsh?
rpy Mz;LfSf;F Kd; rh;tNjrg; ghlrhi trjp gilj;jth;fNs gad; ngw;whh;fs; Mq;fpy jhd; elf;Fk;. ,isQh; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp Muha Mizf;FOtpd; Kd; rhl;rpakspj;j ehl;Lg;Gw vd;d nrhd;dhh;fs; njhpAkh? “Mq;fpyk; gad;gLfpwJ!” rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba $w;W ,J. ng tQ;rpf;fg;gLk; xU r%f> nghUshjhu Kiwikap vd;gij mDkhdpf;fyhk;.
Kw;Nghf;F> ew;Nghf;F> nka;Kjy;thjk; Nghd;w gw;wp
Kw;Nghf;F mzpapdh; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rhj vOj;jhsh;fis tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f mzpahfj; j mth;fs;. kw;nwe;jf; FOTf;Fk; fpilf;fhj th fpilj;jd. vOj;jhsh;fSk; mth;fSf;F to toq;Fk; - jj;Jthrphp ah;fSk; Xuzpapy; - Xh;  ,ijAk; nrhy;ypah mzpf;F ntspNaAk; jukhd gilg;ghspfs; ,Ue;j Kw;Nghf;F mzptfpj;j ,lk; gw;wp mjd; jhidj nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. kw;wth;fs; my;yth mijr
Gyk; ngah; ,yf;fpak; cyf mstpw; NgRk;gba jUk; vd;gJ gw;wpa cq;fs; fUj;njd;d?
rhj;jpag;ghL epr;rak; cz;L. ,e; ehl;bd; xL Nth;fis mWj;Jf; nfhz;L Ngha; ghpr;rakpy;yhj # xUtDf;Fr; nrhy;y epiwa ,Uf;Fk;.
 nghUshjhu Kiwikapy; vq;Nfh jtwpUf;fpwJ k;. > nka;Kjy;thjk; Nghd;w FOr; nraw;ghLfs;
h; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rhjidfs; Ghpe;Js;sdh;. ;jpwd; kpf;f mzpahfj; jpul;br; nraw;gl;l th;fs; OTf;Fk; fpilf;fhj tha;g;Gf;fs; mth;fSf;F ;fSk; mth;fSf;F topfhl;Lk; - mq;fPfhuk; h;fSk; Xuzpapy; - Xh; ,af;fkhf - jpuz;lJ tsk; Nrh;j;jJ.
pwF> ,ijAk; nrhy;ypahf Ntz;Lk;. Kw;Nghf;F hd gilg;ghspfs; ,Ue;jdh;. ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; ,lk; gw;wp mjd; jhidj; jiyth;fs; nrhy;ypf; ;wth;fs; my;yth mijr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;? k; cyf mstpw; NgRk;gbahd gilg;Gf;fisj;
cq;fs; fUj;njd;d?
; cz;L. ,e; ehl;bd; xLf;F Kiwahy;> Nghuhy; ;L Ngha; ghpr;rakpy;yhj #oypy; vjph; ePr;rybf;Fk; wa ,Uf;Fk;. ; tha;e;j gilg;ghspfs; Njhd;wtpy;iy vd;W ;gw;wp
cau epw;fpwJ. ,Ue;j NghJk; ,g;NghJ thOk; hyj;ij ntd;W - cyfj;juj;ijj; njhLthh;fs;
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Page 21
,ay;ghfNt xU ftpQuhfpa ePq;fs; Mrphpauhf ngah;g;ghsuhf> FLk;gj;jiytuhf> nghJ tho;tpy gy jsq;fspy; nraw;gLtjpy; rpf;fy;fs;> Kuz;g
Kuz;ghNlJk; ,y;iy> ve;jj; jsj;jpy; epd epw;fpNwd;. ,s tajpy; rpWik fz;L nghq;FtJ mJ $lf;FiwT. “gpugQ;rj;jpd; ikaj;jpy; ehk Jd;gg;gLfpNwhk;. cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> ikaj;j uh[hjp xU Kiw nrhd;dhh;. ey;yJk; nfl;lJk; n Qhdj;ijf; fhyk; vdf;Fj; je;Js;sJ. vd;dhy; k vd;w Nguhir cz;L. tpopj;jpUf;Fk; Neunky  khfhz kl;lj;jpYk; vd; - mq;fPfhuk;- fpilj;jJ Fwpj;J kdepiwtilfpNw cw;rhfkhf  rpW Mq;fpy nkhop ngah;g;Gj; njhFjp ntspapLjy;.
Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOJk; rpq;fs vOj;jhsh;fSil nkhopngah;e;J xU njhFjp ntspapLjy;.
Mgphpf;fr; rpWfijj; njhFjp xd;W ntspapl Mfpa Kaw;rpfspy;  nkhop ; j;jiytuhf> nghJ tho;tpy; ehl;lKilatuhf w;gLtjpy; rpf;fy;fs;> Kuz;ghLfs; cs;sdth?
y> ve;jj; jsj;jpy; epd;whYk; ehd; ehdhfNt pWik fz;L nghq;FtJz;L. ,g;nghOnjy;yhk; Q;rj;jpd; ikaj;jpy; ehk; ,Ug;gjhf epidj;Jj; vd;dntd;why;> ikaj;jpy; ahUk; ,y;iy “vd;W ;dhh;. ey;yJk; nfl;lJk; nfhz;lNj cyfk; vd;w j; je;Js;sJ. vd;dhy; khepyk; gaDw Ntz;Lk; tpopj;jpUf;Fk; Neunky;yhk; nghJg;gzpapy; huzk;.
;j tpUJfs; gw;wp
hndhypapd; ehlfg; gpujpg; Nghl;bapy; Kjw;ghpR. ; kd;wk; ghujp E}w;whz;ilnahl;b elj;jpa mfpy ghl;bapy; Kjw;ghpR 1998 ,y; ‘tlf;fpUj;jy;’ khfhzg;ghpR. 2001 ,y; “Mgphpf;ff; ftpij”f;F k; tlf;Ff; fpof;FkhfhzKk; toq;fpa ghpRfs; yhk;. s; njhFg;Gf;Ff; fpilj;j tpUJfs; je;j kd
s;
khfhz kl;lj;jpYk; vd; Kaw;rpf;F xU fzpg;G wpj;J kdepiwtilfpNwd;. ,j;Jiwapy; ,d;Dk; lj;j Cf;fkhf ,ijf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
;jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpf; $Wq;fs;
hsh;fSila ftpij> rpWfij> ehlfk; mlq;fpa j; njhFjp ntspapLjy;.
rpq;fs vOj;jhsh;fSila Mf;fq;fisj; jkpopu; Fjp ntspapLjy;.
; njhFjp xd;W ntspaply;- ; 

Page 22
ve;jd; ngauhNy
Mq;fpy %y jkpopy;
mbtapw;wpy; mOj;Jk; RikAld; Foe;ij.
fUg;ig ,Us; Njha;e;j epytpd; Xh; xsptisT.
fhy; mfl;b ehd; Fe;jpapUe;Njd; thba thioapiyfspd; Nkyhf.
G+kpf;Fk; fl;ilisapl;Nld; cd;id Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb.
ve;jd; ngauhNu ve;jd; cjpuj;jhNy
cd;id Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb.
vd; RUs;TW mtiuf; nfhb.
vd;fiwgl;Lg; gopNrh;e;j
KOikepiw Foe;ij
vd; KiwNfl;Lr; nray;tpisT vd; ,sk;gaph; vd; Crpapiyf; Fj;jr; nrb vd; tprpj;jpuf; fyg;gpdj; Njhd;wy; vd; rpd;d cjpu cwT.
mlh;e;j Gw;fSs; tOf;fpr; nry;Yk; ghk;G cd; fz;Kd; te;J tpOk;gb nra;.
jd; jlk; topNa '(kl;lj;)Njs;' tise;J nespaTk;> kbg;Gw;Wr; RUq;fTk; tpL.
'nfLjp' jd; ghh;itia cs;kPJ gug;G Kd;dNu mJ jd; Fuy;tisiaj; jhNd nehpj;Jj; jpzWk; gb tpL.
-------------------
22

ve;jd; --------------------
ngauhNy
Mq;fpy %yk; : Grace Nichols jkpopy; : jkpopdp
(Nguhjid) Ald; Foe;ij.
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22


Page 23
vd; cjpuj;jhy; ehd; cd;idf; fOtpj; J}a;ikahf;fpNdd; vd; fz;zPh;j; Jspfshy; ie[h; ejpapid epug;gpNdd;.
vd; ,dpikahdtNd> ,g;nghOJ ,J cdf;Fj;jhd; ePuhLtjw;Fk; ePe;jp tpisahLtjw;Fkhf.............
ftpQiug; gw;wpa rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs;:
Grace Nichols
fahdhtpy; (Guyana) gpwe;J tsh;e;jth; 1977 ahtpy; FbNawpajpypUe;J Lewes efhpy; trpj;J t
1983 Mk; Mz;L> nghJeytha mikg;gpd; f long-memoried woman' vd;w ,tuJ njhFg;Gf;F njhlh;e;J> 'The fat black woman's Poems', 'Lazy th Mfpa njhFg;Gf;fSk; ntspte;jd.
rpWth; ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; mjpf 
Gjpa jpirapyhd ,e;j gazk; jUk; mDgtq;fis vq;fNshL gfph;e;Jnfhs;Sq;fs; ePq;fs; vOj;j fUj;Jf;fs; gazj;ij NkYk; nrk;ikg;gLj;j c
23

kahf;fpNdd;
..........
Fwpg;Gf;fs;:
) gpwe;J tsh;e;jth; 1977 Mk; Mz;by;> gphpj;jhdp ;J Lewes efhpy; trpj;J tUfpwhh;.
hJeytha mikg;gpd; ftpijf;fhd ghpR 'I is a vd;w ,tuJ njhFg;Gf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,jidj; woman's Poems', 'Lazy thoughts of a lazy woman' ntspte;jd.
k; mjpf  'Come on into my yourself a hug' vd;w ,U rpWth; ghly; pAs;shh;.
hty; 'Whole of a morning sky', 1986 Mk; Mz;L gy ghly; jpul;Lf;fisAk; ,th; gjpg;gpj;Js;shh;. p, Can I buy a Slice of sky?, A Caribbean dozen tahFk;. ,thpd; mz;ikf;fhyj; njhFg;ghd tspaplg;gl;lJ.
-jkpopdp
Gjpa jpirapyhd zk; jUk; mDgtq;fis nfhs;Sq;fs; ePq;fs; vOj;jpy; jUk; j NkYk; nrk;ikg;gLj;j cjtf; $Lk;.
23


Page 24
Rfhjhu Kiwg;gb jahhpf;fg;gl;l czT tiffSf;F :
mKy; Ngf;fhp
,ae;jpu rhjdq;fs; %yk; etPd Kiwapy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l Ngf;fhp czT tiffshd
Ng];hp ];ng\y; gzp]; ];nghQ;]; Nff; G&l; Nff; nrhf;fpNsw; Nff; wpr; Nff; RtPw; Nwhy;
kw;Wk; midj;J Ngf;fhp cw;gj;j aho; efhpy; ehlNtz;ba ,
mKy; Ngf;fhp
462> M];gj;jphp tPjp> aho;g;ghzk;
Xlh;fs; clDf;Fld; ftdpf;fg;gLk;.
24

iwg;gb jahhpf;fg;gl;l Ngf;fhp tiffSf;F : mKy; Ngf;fhp
dq;fs; %yk; py; jahhpf;fg;gl;l T tiffshd
];hp ;ng\y; gzp]; ;nghQ;]; Nff;
l; Nff; hf;fpNsw; Nff;
; Nff; Pw; Nwhy;
idj;J Ngf;fhp cw;gj;jpfSf;Fk; o; efhpy; ehlNtz;ba ,lk;:- mKy; Ngf;fhp
462> M];gj;jphp tPjp> aho;g;ghzk;
ld; ftdpf;fg;gLk;.
24


Page 25
Mj;kh : Xh; mwpKfk;
"kdpjj;jpd; ,Ug;igj; Njb" vDk; kFlthf aspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; xU fiy-,yf;fpa -mwpt nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. kdpjk; fye;jha;Tf; FOtpduhy ntspaplg;gLk; Mj;kh rQ;rpifapd; Njly; 14 (n mz;ikapy; gbf;ff; fpilj;jJ.
Kfg;gpy; Fh;jp]; ftpijnahd;Wld; ntspte fye;jha;tuq;fpy; m.NaRuhrhTldhd jpi MNuhf;fpakhd Neh;fhzy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. "n mtkjpf;fg;gLtij czu Kbahj mstpw;Fg; Xh; ,urid Kiwf;Fs; ghh;itahsh; rpf;fpAs;sd tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
"jhfj;jpw;F kuzk;' vDk; fl;Liu nfhf;fNf tpistpf;Fk; NfLfisg; gl;baypLfpwJ. "Nghh cstpaw; njhlh; Foe;ijfspw;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;f NghdJ ,e;j thndhyp?" vDk; jiyg;gpy; gz Vw;gLk; rPuopT tphpthf Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ.
,it jtpu '2003 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuTn Fwpg;Gf;fs;> 'Gjpa tay;' vDk; ftpijfs; gFjp. f;fhd gFjp> khzth;fspd; 'mf;fpdpf; FQ;Rfs s;sd.
rKjha ey Nehf;fpyhd mk;rq;fisj; j gf;fq;fSld; Mj;kh ntsptUfpwJ.
,jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y Ntz;ba mk;rk xd;wpd; tpiy &.5 kl;LNk>
"epjpg; gykw;W kdpjk; xd;wpy; kl;Lk; ek;gpf;if nfhz;L tUfpNwhk;" vd;fpd;wdh; Mrphpa gPlj;j gue;j jsj;jpw;Fr; nry;yhky; ez;gh;fSld; FWfp t jghw; nryT cl;gl 12 ,jo;fSf;fhd re;jh &.8
,th;fsJ Kfthp- Mj;kh kdpjk; fye;jha;Tf; FO ,y.1/7> klk; tPjp> aho;g;ghzk;
25

Mj;kh : Xh; mwpKfk;
j; Njb" vDk; kFlthf;fpaj;Jld; ek;gpf;if fiy-,yf;fpa -mwptpay; ,jo; ntspte;J ; fye;jha;Tf; FOtpduhy; aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J Q;rpifapd; Njly; 14 (nehtk;gh; - brk;gh; 2002) lj;jJ.
pijnahd;Wld; ntspte;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j ,jopd; .NaRuhrhTldhd jpiug;glk; njhlh;ghd y; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. "nghJg;Gj;jp njhlh;e;Jk; u Kbahj mstpw;Fg; gof;fkhfpg; Ngha;tpl;l ghh;itahsh; rpf;fpAs;sdh;" vd;W ,d;iwa epiy
vDk; fl;Liu nfhf;fNfhyh> ngg;rp ghdq;fs; g; gl;baypLfpwJ. "Nghhpd; Foe;ijfs;" vDk; fspw;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fisr; nrhy;fpwJ "vq;Nf p?" vDk; jiyg;gpy; gz;giy thndhypfshy;
Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ.
k; Mz;Lf;fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; gw;wpa vDk; ftpijfs; gFjp. 'mts;' vDk; ngz;fS spd; 'mf;fpdpf; FQ;Rfs;' vd;gdTk; ,lk;ngw;W
pyhd mk;rq;fisj; jhq;fp A4 mstpy; 12 tsptUfpwJ.
rhy;y Ntz;ba mk;rk; ahnjdpy; jdp ,jo; Nk>
k; xd;wpy; kl;Lk; ek;gpf;if nfhz;L ,t;tpjiof; d;fpd;wdh; Mrphpa gPlj;jpdh;. Mdhy; ,t;tpjo; ky; ez;gh;fSld; FWfp tpLtjhf IAw Neh;fpwJ. ,jo;fSf;fhd re;jh &.80 kl;LNk>
FO
Jsrpuhk; ;.
25


Page 26
j.n[arPyd;
--------- gpbg;G
cd;Dila nkd;ik> cdJ mikjp> xU njd;wnydg; gutrkha; tULk; ,irr;rphpg;G> fz;zpw; nghopAk; fUiz> mjw;Fs;Ns kpd;Dk; ftpij> kpjf;fpd;w cd;ehzk;> fd;dr; rptg;gpy; fiue;jpUf;Fk; epd;ngz;ik> rpd;d kyh;fSld; Xh; kyuha;r; rpyph;f;fpd;w md;G> gzpAk; mwpT> tpfw;gkw;w gz;G> mjpuh moF> cidr;#o vd;ndd;W vilNghl Kbahj Xh; nksdk;. ,itjhd; cdpy;.... vdf;Fg; gpbj;jitfs;! vidf;fz;lhy;...... ftpo;e;j jiyNahL fhzhkw; NghfpwhNa.... vitjhd; vdpYdf;Fg; gpbf;fhj vd; nray;fs;?
---------------------------- ftpr;rq;F CjpLNtd; ehd;
 ,bfiye;J kdJs; mOk; Nkhdk; Kbe;J> KOrhf %r;Rtpl;Lg; ghLk; gutrj;ij> gae;jlq;fh epk;kjpia> Xb ciye;J Ck;gp caph;fhf;fh ajhh;j;jj;ijj;> Njbr; rpte;j tpop rpwpJ Japy;fpwJ. Nrlk; ,Oj;j tho;T rpuha;g;G khw;w kUj;jpLJ. kUe;Jf;fha;...... md;W
26

,uz;L ftpijfs;;;;;
ULk; ,irr;rphpg;G> >
f;Fk; epd;ngz;ik>
w;gkw;w r;#o bahj Xh; nksdk;. ;Fg; gpbj;jitfs;!
hkw; NghfpwhNa....
jpLNtd; ----------- ehd;
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q;fh epk;kjpia>
j;>
apy;fpwJ. a;g;G khw;w kUj;jpLJ.
26


Page 27
kuzj;Jld; "Fj;jp Kwpe;J" tpl;L... ,d;W kUe;J kiyahff; Ftpa... kuzj;ijf; Fl;bf; fiyj;Japh;j;Jf; ftpaha; kyh;fpd;Nwhk;. fl;L> jis mWj;J tpl;lhj;jpaha; ,d;W tpz;iz misfpd;Nwhk;. fl;lhak; vq;fs; kpFjpf; ftiy mWk;. gl;lJah; ghWk;. gzpjy; kwe;jtuha;.... vq;fs; njhiye;j Kfq;fspid kPl;lzpe;J> vq;fs; ,Ujaj;ij "miltpy;" ,Ue;njLj;J> vq;fs; jiynaOj;ij ehNk vOJifapy;.... rq;if tUk;; md;nwd; ftp rq;nfLj;J}Jk;.
j.n[arPyd;
ey;Y}iur; Nrh;e;jtuhd j.n[arPyd; njhz;Z njhlq;fpNahhpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xUth;. 05.03.1973 ,e;Jf; fy;Y}hpapd; gioa khzth;. ,g;NghJ tpQ
n[arPyd; re;jj;Jld; ftpij jUgth;. kuG ,  ltpy;" ,Ue;njLj;J>
}Jk;.
d j.n[arPyd; njhz;Z}Wfspw; ftpij vOjj; lj;jf;f xUth;. 05.03.1973 ,y; gpwe;j ,th; aho;. a khzth;. ,g;NghJ tpQ;Qhdg; gl;ljhhp Mrphpah;.
d; ftpij jUgth;. kuG ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Mo;e;j
Nehf;FtJ ,tuJ ,ay;G.
yNa ngUksT ftdk; nrYj;jptUk; ,th; ;gj;jpy; ftpij gilf;fj; njhlq;fpdhh;. gy;NtW fspy; ,tuJ ftpijfs; ntsptUfpd;wd> tpij thrpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ftpauq;FfspYk; ,th;
tUfpwJ.
t ,uj;jpdJiu ,tiuf; fth;e;j ftpQh;fs;.
k; ,tUf;Fk; gpbj;jkhdJ.
jhFg;ghd 'fdTfspd; vy;iy' 2001 etk;ghpy; ftpijfspypUe;j njhpe;J NkYk; njhFg;Gf;fis
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Page 28
caph;j; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; Xh cd;dj Gul;rp! RNA interference - RNAi Tech
ek;gf; $badnty;yhk; ek;gKbah jdthfTk; ek;gf;$badthfTk; jpifg;G+l;Lk; tpjj;jpy; khw;w Qhd Afj;jpNy> mjd; cd;dj gFjpf spy; xd;whd Jiw apNy xU ngUk; Gul;rpNa Vw;gl;bU f;fpd fspd; tho;f;ifr; rhpjj;jpy; mghpkpjkhd tpisT Fwpg;gpl;l Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ> ,d;iwa nghOjpy; c cw;rhfk;kpf;f Ma;Tf;fsdhf cUg;ngw;Ws;sJ.
RNA interference [RNA FWf;fPL] vd m njhopy;El;gkhdJ Gw;WNeha;> vapl;]; Kjyhd r jhf;fj;jpw;F vjpuhff; fzprkhd gyd;fisg; ngw;W Lfpd;wJ. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf itu]; Neha;fs rj;jpurpfpr;ir Nghd;wit njhlh;ghf ,k;Ki jhfpd;wJ. tf;rPd;fspYk; antiviral kUe;JfspYN fl;Lg;gLj;J tjw;fhfj; jq;fpapUe;j kUj;Jtj njhopy;El;gj;jp Nyw;gl;Ls;s Gul;rpfukhd , tug;gpurhjkhFk;. mjpf er;Rj;jd;ikNah> njhlh;gf fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba rpfpr;ir KiwfNs mbg;gilahd nraw;ghLfspw;Fs; CLUtp tpis NehapypUe;J tpLgLtjw;Fg; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf ,d;wpaikahj jd;ikahFk;.
caph;f;fyj;jpd; jfty; kw;Wk; njhopw;ghl;L i DNA[Deoxyribo Nuclcic Acid] vdg;gLk; ,ul mikg;gpDs;Ns ngUk;ghyhd mq;fpfspw;Fhpa Ngzg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW ve;jNthh; mq;f jfty;fs; mlf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpj;j me;jg; gFjpAs nraw;ghLfshy; mg;gpwg;Ghpikj; jfty;f khw;wpaikf;fg;glf;$Lk;. mq;fpfspd; tsh;r;rp kw Kf;fpakhd fl;lq;fspy; mk;khjphpahd epfo;Tfs; m ,t;thwhd gpwg;Ghpik myFfSld; Neub nraw;ghLfis mit jpul;lg;gl;bUf;Fk; jhdj khff; $Wtjhdhy; fUtpw;F ntspNa epfo;j;Jt njhopy; El;gKiwAld; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljhFk;.
28

caph;j; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; Xh; cd;dj Gul;rp! rference - RNAi Technology
k; ek;gKbah jdthfTk; ek;gKbahjd nty;yhk; fg;G+l;Lk; tpjj;jpy; khw;wKWfpd;w ,f;fhy tpQ; d;dj gFjpf spy; xd;whd caph;j; njhopy; El;gj; Gul;rpNa Vw;gl;bU f;fpd;wJ. vjph;fhy [Ptuhrp py; mghpkpjkhd tpisT fis Vw;gLj;jg;NghFk; J> ,d;iwa nghOjpy; caphpay; tpQ;Qhdj;jpd;
dhf cUg;ngw;Ws;sJ.
NA FWf;fPL] vd miof;fg;gLk; ,g;Gjpa Neha;> vapl;]; Kjyhd rthy;kpFe;j Neha;fspd; prkhd gyd;fisg; ngw;Wj;jUnkd vjph;ghh;f;fg;g pg;ghf itu]; Neha;fs; kw;Wk; mtakhw;Wr; t njhlh;ghf ,k;Kiw NkYk; mtrpakhd ; antiviral kUe;JfspYNk itu]; Neha;fisf; ; jq;fpapUe;j kUj;Jtj;Jiwf;F gpwg;Ghpikj; l;Ls;s Gul;rpfukhd ,e;j mgptpUj;jp xU er;Rj;jd;ikNah> njhlh;gf;f tpisTfNsh> ePz;l z;ba rpfpr;ir KiwfNsh ,d;wp caph;f;fyj;jpd; fspw;Fs; CLUtp tpistpf;Fk; rpy khw;wq;fNs w;Fg; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;F nkd;gNj ,jpYs;s hFk;.
y; kw;Wk; njhopw;ghl;L ikakhd fUtpDs;Ns> ic Acid] vdg;gLk; ,ul;il tphpgug;Gr; RUs; ;ghyhd mq;fpfspw;Fhpa gpwg;Ghpik myFfs; ;thW ve;jNthh; mq;fpapdJk; gpwg;Ghpikj; ;s Fwpj;j me;jg; gFjpAs; ,lk;ngWk; rpf;fyhd ;gpwg;Ghpikj; jfty;fs; rpyNtisfspy; ;. mq;fpfspd; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpapd; rpy mk;khjphpahd epfo;Tfs; mtrpakhfyhk;. Mdhy;> k myFfSld; Neubahfj; njhlh;GgLk; pul;lg;gl;bUf;Fk; jhdj;jpw;F ntspNa tpsf;f tpw;F ntspNa epfo;j;JtNj ,q;F Muhag;gLk;
; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljhFk;.
- Nre;jd;-
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Gujj; njhFg;Gk; Gjpa njho
RNA interference vdg;gLk; ,g;Gjpa Kiwapd; mbg;gilr; nraw;ghLfisg; gpd;tUkhW vspjhf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s yhk;. Kjypy; Gujd; njhFg;gpd; NghJ fUtpy; DNA apy; Nrkpf;fg;g l;bUf;Fk; gpwg;Ghpikj; jfty;fs; RNA[Ribo Nu- cleic Acid] f;fspy; xUtifahd nra;jpfhTk; RNA [mRNA] apdhy; gpujpaPL nra;ag;gl;L fUnkd;rt;tp Ys;s Ez;Lisfs; thapyhff; fyj;jpd; FopaTUtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tug;gL fpd;wd.
mq;F mRNA Ald; iwNghNrhk;]; ,iz gpwg;Ghpikj; jfty; xOq;fbg;gilapy; Fopa mkpyq;fs; tifFwpj;J mLf;fg;gl;L mjd;g ilfpd;wd. ,g;gbahd nghJthd mikg;Gr; nra hpikr; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; vt;thW rhjfkhf mik
,q;F fUtpypUe;Njh my;yJ ntspapypUe;J G rpwpa ,ul;il ,iofshyhd [double-stranded tpDs; gpuNtrpf;fpd;wd. ,it mq;fpUf;Fk; ne xUtifahd rpf;fw; Nrh;itfisj; Njhw;Wt Nrh;itfs; mjpYs;s ,ul;il ,iofshyhd R nghUe;Jk; mRNA ,idj; jhf;F fpd;w d. ,jd rPhpd;ikfNsh Vw;glf; fhuzkhd Fwpj;j mRN tpLfpd;wd. gpwg;Ghpikj; jfty;fisg; NgZk; Vw;gLk; xU rpwpa khw;wNk gpwg;Ghpik xOq;fik ij cz;lhf;Fnkd;w tifapy; ,g;Gjpa njhopyE jhfpd;wJ.
Gul;rpapd; tpj;Jf;fS
mjd; tpisTfS
2002k; Mz;bd; eLg;gFjpfspy; ghpNrhjidf El;gk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;l kdpjf; fy q;fs; HIV kw jhf;fq;fspw;Ff; fhl;ba vjph;g;Gj;jd; ikNa Nk mfpyg; gpugyj;jpw;Ff; fhy;Nfhsh Fk;. mhpNrhdh g utpaw;Wiwg; Nguhrphpauhd Richard Jorgensen 199
29
Rich

hFg;Gk; Gjpa njhopy; El;gKk;
g;gLk; ,g;Gjpa raw;ghLfisg; q;fpf; nfhs;s hFg;gpd; NghJ ;fg;g l;bUf;Fk; RNA[Ribo Nu- xUtifahd RNA] apdhy; fUnkd;rt;tp pyhff; fyj;jpd; z;L tug;gL
; iwNghNrhk;]; ,ize;J mjpy; fhzg;gLk; Oq;fbg;gilapy; FopaTU tpYs;s mkpNdh ;J mLf;fg;gl;L mjd;gpd; Gujq;fs; njhFg;g ghJthd mikg;Gr; nraw;ghl;il Fwpj;j gpwg;G
; vt;thW rhjfkhf mikfyhk;?
my;yJ ntspapypUe;J GFj;jg;gLtjd; %yNkh hyhd [double-stranded] RNA f;fs; FopaTU . ,it mq;fpUf;Fk; nehjpaq;f Sld; Nrh;e;J rh;itfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. mg;gbahd ul;il ,iofshyhd RNAapd; Xh; ,ioAld; dj; jhf;F fpd;w d. ,jd;% yk; NehNah my;y J fhuzkhd Fwpj;j mRNA f;fs; mopf;fg;gl;L ; jfty;fisg; NgZk; fhu xOq;Fj; njhlhpy; k gpwg;Ghpik xOq;fikg;Gf;fspy; ghhpa khw;wj; ifapy; ,g;Gjpa njhopy;El;g Kiw mtrpakhd
ul;rpapd; tpj;Jf;fSk;
mjd; tpisTfSk;
;gFjpfspy; ghpNrhjidf; Fohapy; ,j; njhopy; kdpjf; fy q;fs; HIV kw;Wk; NghypNah iturpd; vjph;g;Gj;jd; ikNa Nkw;Nghe;j Muha; r;rpapd; y;Nfhsh Fk;. mhpNrhdh gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; jht d Richard Jorgensen 1990 ,y; petunia vdg;gLk;
29
Richard Jorgensen


Page 30
jhtu tif nahd;wpd; ehty; epwkhd G+tpjo;fi khw;Wt jw;fhf epw%l;ly; njhlh;ghd gpwg;Ghpik m ghpNrhjidNa ,d;iwa RNA interference njhopy mike;jJ.
,jidj; njhlh;e;J NtWk; rpy jhtu ,dq;fs kJtq;fspYk; ,t;thwhd Muha;r;rpfs; ,lk tpisTfs; ghpNrhj idahsh;fisNa Mr;r ntspte;jNghJk; ,r;nrad;Kiwapd; mbg;gi rhpahfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
MdhYk; rpy Mz;Lfspd; gpd;dh; ghy;bNkh gy;fiyf; fofj;ijr; Nrh;e;j tpQ;Qhdp Andrew GOf;fspy; Nkw;nfhz;l ghpNrhjidfspypUe;N %ytpsf;fk; njspT ngw;wJ. fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;G mth; nra;j ghpNrhjidfspd; Kbtpy; Fwpj;j mtw;wpw;F  go  ,jd; ngW NgWfs; jUk; cw;rhf ce;Jj y;fspdhy; RWRWg;gile;jpUf;fpd; whh;fs;.
30

hty; epwkhd G+tpjo;fis NkYk; fLk; epwkhf ; njhlh;ghd gpwg;Ghpik myFfspy; Nkw; nfhz;l RNA interference njhopy;El;gj;jpw;Fhpa tpj;jhf
tWk; rpy jhtu ,dq;fspYk; Ez;Z aphpfspYk; hd Muha;r;rpfs; ,lk;ngwyhapd. mtw;wpd; dahsh;fisNa Mr;rhpa %l;Lk; tpjj;jpy; rad;Kiwapd; mbg;gil El;gj;ij vtuhYk; Kbatpy;iy.
fspd; gpd;dh; ghy;bNkhhpYs;s Johns Hopkins rh;e;j tpQ;Qhdp Andrew Fire vd;gth; nematode ;l ghpNrhjidfspypUe;Nj ,f;fz;L gpbg;gpd; w;wJ. fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;Gf;fSld; njhlh;r;rpahf fspd; Kbtpy; Fwpj;j gpwg;Ghpik myFfis ,io nfhz;l RNA apdhy; nraypof;fr; nra;a zkhfpaJ. ,jd; topahd Muha;Tfspy; NkYk; f;fs; Nghd;wit jkJ fy clypw; nfhz;bUf;Fk; RNA f;fspdhy; mjhtJ itu]; jhf;fq;fspw;Fhpa FfSld; me;j RNA f;fs; ,ilj;jhf;fKw;W y; eph;g;gPlzk; ngwg;gLfpd;wnjd;w cz;ik
ul;il ,ionfhz;l RNA f;fisg; ghpNrhjidf; mtw;wpd; thapyhd kdpjd; Nghd;w cah; mq;fp ;Ghpik myFj; jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;j KbAkh e;j A+iy khjkstpy; tpil fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. py; /ghh;kpq;l f nkhd;wpd; phpah; Gordon ; fhyj;jpy; ,f; pg;gp l;lthwhd FWf;fPL njhop Uf;fg;Nghfpd;w ;shh;. vt;thnw wahdJ mjd; cs;s njd;g aphpayhsh;fs;> cw;rhf ce;Jj ile;jpUf;fpd;
Andrew Fire
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Page 31
rthy;fis kPWk; rhji
,ul;il ,io RNA f;fspdhy; nraypof;fr; nra;ag;glNtz;ba Fwpj;j gpur;rpidf;Fhpa gpwg;Ghpik myFfisf; fz;lwptJ> mjw;fika cUthf;fg;gl;l RNA f;fisf; fyTlypDs; cl;GFj; JtJ Nghd;wtw;wpYs;s Ez;zpa ,lh;g;ghLfs; ,q;F vohky; ,y;iy. Mdhy; ,t;tsT J}uk; Kd;Ndwpa gpw;ghL ,t;thwhd rpf;fy;fspw;Fj; jPh;T fhzhky; tpLthh;fsh?
Gord
Rz;nlypfspy; nra;ag;gl;l Ma;TfSk tpepNahfk; nfhz;l  rpWePufk; Nghd;wtw;w Nkw;gb tplaq;fspy; jpUg;jpfukhd Kd;Ndw fhl;bAs;sd.
vg;gbNah> caph;j; njhopy;El;g tuyhw;wpy; Vw jpUg;gj;ijr; rhjfkhf;Ftjw;F mwptpaiyAk mjpfstpy; cgNahfg;gLj;jpNaDk; Kaw;rpg;gjw q;fs; tpWtpWg;ghfj; njhlh;fpd;wd. mtw;wpd; tuyhw;wpw;Nf Xh; cd;djj;ijg; ngw;Wf; jUk vy;NyhuJk; vjph;ghh;g;ghFk;.
Mjhuk; : THE cjtp : J.mD[
J}z;bapd; Ma;tuq;Ffs; 'J}z;b' rQ;rpifapd; njhlh;tUif jilg;gl ,yf;fpa tl;lj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs;-,yf;fpa re;j Ma;tuq;Ffs; vdj; njhlh;e;J Kd;ndLf;fg;gl
aho;.gy;fiyf; fof jkpo;r;rq;f MjuTld; rpWfij Ma;tuq;if 05-01-2003 ,y; aho;.gy;fiy Nguhrphpah;fs; ee;jp> rz;Kfjh]; MfpNah mkh;Tfshf ele;j epfo;tpy; <.Fkud;> K.ngh> u MfpNahh; Ma;Tiu epfo;j;jpdh;. nrk;gpad; nry Nfhfpyh kNfe;jpud;> NaRuhrh MfpNahh; fUj;Ji
ngUksT ,isath;fs; gq;Fgw;wpg; gad; njhlh;r;rpahf vjph;tUk; Nk Kjy; thukstp eilngwTs;sJ.
tpguq;f jp.nry;tkNdhfud;> Nf
31

fis kPWk; rhjidfs;
A f;fspdhy; tz;ba Fwpj;j k myFfisf; cUthf;fg;gl;l pDs; cl;GFj; ;s Ez;zpa hky; ,y;iy. k; Kd;Ndwpa ;fspw;Fj; jPh;T
Gordon Carmichael
a;ag;gl;l Ma;TfSk; mjpfsthd FUjp y;> rpWePufk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; tpidj;jpwd;fSk; jpUg;jpfukhd Kd;Ndw;wq;fspw;Fr; rkpf;if
hopy;El;g tuyhw;wpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s ,e;j kfj;jhd ;Ftjw;F mwptpaiyAk; nghUshjhuj;ijAk; Lj;jpNaDk; Kaw;rpg;gjw;fhd gfPujg; gpuaj;jd jhlh;fpd;wd. mtw;wpd; tpisTfs; caphpay; ;djj;ijg; ngw;Wf; jUk;; juNtz;Lk; vd;gNj Fk;.
Mjhuk; : THE INDEPENDANT cjtp : J.mD[d;
J}z;bapd; Ma;tuq;Ffs;
; njhlh;tUif jilg;gl;Ls;s NghjpYk; J}z;b aw;ghLfs;-,yf;fpa re;jpg;Gf;fs;> E}y; ntspaPL> hlh;e;J Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
jkpo;r;rq;f MjuTld; J}z;b  rz;Kfjh]; MfpNahhpd; jiyikapy; ,U o;tpy; <.Fkud;> K.ngh> uQ;rFkhh;> nr.Nahfuhrh o;j;jpdh;. nrk;gpad; nry;td;> nr.jpUehTf;fuR> Ruhrh MfpNahh; fUj;Jiu toq;fpdh;. h;fs; gq;Fgw;wpg; gad; ngw;w ,e;j epfo;tpd; k; Nk Kjy; thukstpy; ftpij Ma;tuq;F
tpguq;fSf;F- jp.nry;tkNdhfud;> Nfzpgb> jpUney;Ntyp.
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rptukzp
xU ftpijA
------------------------ mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;l
cq;fSila tiuaiwfspd; rhsuj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhy; ePq;fs; vd;idj; js;s KbahJ. ,Jtiu fhyKk; epue;jukhf;fg;gl;l rfjpf;Fs; fple;J ntspNa vLj;j tug;gl;l xU rpwpa fy;iyg; Nghd;W ehd; vd;idf; fz;nlLj;Js;Nsd;.
vd;Dila ehl;fis ePq;fs; gwpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahJ. fz;fisg; nghj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; cq;fs; tpuy;fspilNa jd;idf; fPopwf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; xU Fl;b el;rj;jpuk; Nghd;W vdJ ,Uj;jy; cWjp ngw;wJ.
epuhfhpf;fg;gl Kbahjts; ehd;.
,dpAk; vd;d> J}f;fpnawpag;gl Kbahj Nfs;tpaha; ehd; gpurd;dkhAs;Nsd; vd;id mtkhdq;fshYk; mehfhpf thh;j;ijfshYk; Nghh;j;Jq;fs; Mdhy; cq;fs; vy;NyhhpdJk; ehfhpfk; tha;e;j fdTfspd; kPJ xiU mOf;Ff; Ftpayha; gspr;rpLk; cq;fs; rg;ghj;Jf;fis mRj;jk; nra;fpNwd;. vd;Dila epahaq;fs; epuhfhpf;fg;gLk; tiu cq;fspd; vy;yhg; ghijfSk; mOf;Fg; gbe;jitNa.
(rptukzp ftpijfs;)
32

xU ftpijAk; rpW Fwpg;GfSk;
------------------------- khdg;gLj;jg;gl;lts;
spd;
bahJ.
s; fple;J
;Js;Nsd;.
;fs; . ;Sk;
;Sk; d;W
; ehd;.
Nfs;tpaha;
k; Nghh;j;Jq;fs;
pd; kPJ ; f;fis
Sk;
p ftpijfs;)
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Page 33
rptukzp aho; gy;fiyf; foj;jpy; vd;Dila mg;NghNj mth; MSikAs;s ngz;zhfj;jhd MSikfis tsh;j;jth; vd;w ngUik gh Rz;bf;Fop ghlrhiyapy; ele;j jkpo;j;jpd t ghlrhiyapy; ,Ue;J te;J rptukzp ftpij ghb mtiu Kjypy; fz;Nld;. tpLjiy vd;w ftpij
gpwF gy;fiyf;fof tho;Tk;> gyhpd; el;Gk jhf;fq;fSk; mtiu tsh;j;jd. gy;fiyf;fofj epiwaf; ftpijfis vOjpdhh;. nghJ epfo;r;rpfs Ma;T tl;lj;jpy; Kf;fpa mq;fj;jtuhapUe;jhh;. m njhpAk; MfNt gynkhopf; ftpijfisg; gbj;j mtUf;F tpj;jpahrkhd ftpij nkhopia c epidf;fpd;Nwd;.
mtUila ftpijfspy; Neubahd murpa cs;Nshl;lj;jpy; r%f tpkh;rdq;fisf; fhzKbA mtUila nrhe;j tho;f;ifapy; Vw;gl;l neUf;Fj mthpd; tpkh;rdj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dzpahftpUe;jd. th;f;fk;> rhjpKiwfspy; xLf;fg;gl;lth;fs; jq ngw;Wf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; cl;fUj;jh
rptukzp ngz; vd;gjhy; J}rpf;fg;gl;lhs;> m xLf;fg;gl;lhs; vd;gJ mtSld; neUf;fkhdt njhpAk;. mtSila mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;lts; v gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ vdyhk;. ,jd; czh;Tfs; Kff fUj;Jf;fs; Njhw;Wg;Ngha;tpLNkh vd;w mr mtUila fUj;jpd; kPjhd gw;Wk; jd;kPjhd gw apy; fye;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. ,jid tpgukh vd;w njhFg;gpd; Kd;Diuapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nsd
-rpj;jpu (%
Nghhpd; jhf;fq;fs; ngz;zpd; Gw clypy; Vw mf clypy; tpistpj;j fhaq;fspd; typiaA ntspf;fhl;bd. ,tis xj;j ftpiQfspd; ft typ VwpapUe;jJ. fhaq;fspd; typAk;> fz;lile typikiaAk; Nrh;j;Nj fl;LfpNwd;. rptukzpapd "Nrw;Ws; Gije;j fy;yhfj;jhd;" mts; jd; nkh MapDk; mtisAk; kPwpaOj;jpa #oypd; neUf
33

yf; foj;jpy; vd;Dila khztpahftpUe;jth;. kAs;s ngz;zhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jhh;. mtUila th; vd;w ngUik ghuhl;l tpUk;gtpy;iy. py; ele;j jkpo;j;jpd tpohnthd;wpy; Ntk;gbg; e;J rptukzp ftpij ghbdhh;. mg;NghJjhd; ehd;
;. tpLjiy vd;w ftpij>
tho;Tk;> gyhpd; el;Gk; r%f rpe;jidfspd; sh;j;jd. gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; epiwa tsh;e;jhh;. Ojpdhh;. nghJ epfo;r;rpfspy; 90fspy; ;ifapy; Vw;gl;l neUf;Fjy;fSk;> gpur;rpidfSk; ; gpd;dzpahftpUe;jd. r%fj;jpy; ,dk;> ghy;> ; xLf;fg;gl;lth;fs; jq;fSila epahaj;ij ; vd;gJjhd; cl;fUj;jhftpUe;jJ.
jhy; J}rpf;fg;gl;lhs;> mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;lhs;> mtSld; neUf;fkhdts; vd;gjhy; vdf;Fj; tkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;lts; vd;w ftpij ,tw;iwg; ;. ,jd; czh;Tfs; Kf;fpakhdit mtUila gha;tpLNkh vd;w mr;rk; mtUf;fpUe;jJ. hd gw;Wk; jd;kPjhd gw;Wk; mtUila ftpij hzyhk;. ,jid tpgukhf rptukzp ftpijfs;
iuapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nsd;.
-rpj;jpuNtfh nksdFU- (%d;whtJ kdpjd; Neh;fhzy;)
gz;zpd; Gw clypy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fNshL ;j fhaq;fspd; typiaAk; ,tsJ ftpijfs; xj;j ftpiQfspd; ftpij nkhopapYk; ,Nj ;fspd; typAk;> fz;lile;j nkhopapy; VwpapUe;j fl;LfpNwd;. rptukzpapd; nkhopapy; nrhd;dhy;: fj;jhd;" mts; jd; nkhopiaf; fz;lile;jhs;. paOj;jpa #oypd; neUf;Fthuk; my;yJ Rik.
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Page 34
me;jr;; Rikia cjWtjw;Fg; gjpyhff; jd;idN epo;fpwJ. mts; jhd; fz;lile;j nkhopapd; %yk gLj;jhky; mk;nkhopapd; %ykhf fz;lile;j ft Nrh;j;Jj; jd;idAk; mopj;J rhtpd; nkhopapdh nra;jpia vOj Kad;whs;. ngz;zpd; milahsj kPJ jd; milahsj;ij mopj;J vwpe;jjd; %y epWt Kide;jhsh? rpe;jpf;fNtz;ba tYTs;s x Nfs;tpahfp epw;fpwhs; rptukzp.
-R.
--------------------------- Ntz;Lk; Xh; ,Uja cyF
neQ;Rf; Fopapd; ,lJ %iyapy; kdpj [Ptdpd; ijdNkh 'tl;lg;' re;jj;jpy; caph; jhpf;fpwjh ,y;iy mjpy; %o;fj;jhd; mJ GFe;jjh kNfhd;ij rf;jpfspd; Cw;W ,d;W tuz;L NghdNjd;? FUjp Njha;e;J Jbf;Fk; mJ. ntWk; ifg;gpbr; rijg; gpz;lk; jhdh xt;nthUtDk; mijj; jhd; fuq;fspy; njhl;Lg;ghh;f;f Kbe;jhy;... ,jaq;fs; ntspj;jhtpg; Ngrpdhy; kz;ilf; Fopapy; %isapd; rhJhpaq;fs; ngha;j;Jg; Ngha;tpLk; ngha; fglkw;w cyF - mq;Nf xspT kiwTf;fplkpy;iy ngha;ahpd; jpiufs; nghbgLk; fhyghpkhzq;fspy; xU ehs; ,UjaNk caphpdkha; cyhtUk;...
- F.jpt;tpahde; -
34

jw;Fg; gjpyhff; jd;idNa cjwptpLk; nfhLik ;lile;j nkhopapd; %yk; tpLjiyia rhj;jpag; %ykhf fz;lile;j ftpjh milahsq;fisAk; opj;J rhtpd; nkhopapdhy; r%fj;jpd; NknyhU s;. ngz;zpd; milahsj;ij kWf;Fk; r%fj;jpd; mopj;J vwpe;jjd; %yk; Xh; milahsj;ij ; pf;fNtz;ba tYTs;s xU rhtpd; nkhopapyhd ptukzp.
-R.tpy;tuj;jpdk;- (Rl;Lk; tpop 01)
ja ----------
cyF
iyapy;
hpf;fpwjh
; mJ GFe;jjh ;W ;? mJ.
pz;lk; jhdh hd; fuq;fspy; ;... Ngrpdhy;
pd; rhJhpaq;fs;
mq;Nf
gLk; hs;
yhtUk;...
- F.jpt;tpahde; -
34


Page 35
%j;j vOj;jhsh;
'tujh;"
 FWeh j;Jiw vd ,y vLj;jhYk; Kj
'tujh;' vd;fpw jp.r tujuhrd; 1924 ,y; aho;g iyapy; gpwe;jhh;. rpW taJ Kjy; epiwa thr kfhghujk;> ,uhkhazk; Nghd;w ,jpfhr-Guhzf; gpd;dh; Mde;j Nghjpdp> gpurz;l tpfld;> fiyk isAk; gytpjkhd E}y;fisAk; thrpf;fj; njhl ,e;j thrpg;Ng mtiu vOjj;J}z;baJ vdyhk
 fh.kjpahguzk;> ehtw;FopA+h; el f.,.rutzKj;J Mfpa ItUNk Kjy;Ngh njhlq;fpdh;.
kWkyh;r;rp ahUf;Fr; nrhe;jk; vd;gJ gpur;rpi nrd;W kPz;Nl kWkyh;r;rp ntspahdJ. kWky eluhrd; ,Ue;jhh;. Mrphpah;fshf tujUk; m.nr. K 18 MtJ ,jopypUe;J m.nr. KUfhde;jDf;F
35

%j;j vOj;jhsh;
'tujh;"
 GJf; ftpij> FWehty;> ,jopay;> gjpg;G j;Jiw vd ,yf;fpaj;jpd; vj;Jiwia vLj;jhYk; Kj;jpiu gjpj;jth; tujh;.
ujuhrd; 1924 ,y; aho;g;ghzj;jpYs;s nghd;dh aJ Kjy; epiwa thrpf;fj; njhlq;fpa ,th; ; Nghd;w ,jpfhr-Guhzf; fijfspy; Muk;gpj;Jg; gpurz;l tpfld;> fiykfs; Nghd;w rQ;rpiff ;fisAk; thrpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhh;. njhlh;r;rpahd Ojj;J}z;baJ vdyhk;.
hsh; gyiuAk; Nghy tujh; vOjj; njhlq;fpaJk; hd;.  ehtw;FopA+h; eluhrd;> r.gQ;rhl;rurh;kh pa ItUNk Kjy;Nghl;L kWkyh;r;rpiaj;
; nrhe;jk; vd;gJ gpur;rpidahfp ePjpkd;wk; tiu ;r;rp ntspahdJ. kWkyh;r;rp ntspaPl;lhsuhf h;fshf tujUk; m.nr. KUfhde;jDk; ,Ue;jdh;. m.nr. KUfhde;jDf;F gjpyhf gQ;rhl;rurh;kh
35


Page 36
gzpahw;wpdhh;.
1946 gq;Fdp Kjy; 1948 Ig;grp tiu 'kW ntspahfpd.  ifthrgjp> k`hftp> KUifad;> nghd;. K Mopahd;> fhiu Re;juk; gps;is> Nrhkfhe;jd;> r E}y;fs; 'tujh; ntspaPL' Mf ntspte;jd.
'tujhpd; gy Fwpg;G ' mtuJ ,d;n dhU Ka Njitahd gytpj tplaq;fisj; njhFj;J Mz;L ehd;F gjpg;Gfs; ntspahfpd.
tujhpd; ,jopaw; gzpapy; ,d;ndhU iky;f ,yhg Nehf;fpd;wp Fiwe;j tpiyapy; khzth;f;fhd jhq;fp mwpTf; fsQ;rpak; ntspahdJ. nrq;if M ,Ue;jhh;. 1995 ,lk; ngah;T tiu aho;g;ghzj;j tpw;gidahfp mNkhf tuNtw;Gg; ngw;wJ mwpTf
tujh;  KUifad;> nghd;. Kj;Jf; Fkhud;> nrq;if ; gps;is> Nrhkfhe;jd;> rhe;jd; Kjyhd gyuJ ' Mf ntspte;jd.
' mtuJ ,d;n dhU Kaw;r p. jkpo; kf;f Sf;F j; q;fisj; njhFj;J Mz;Lf;F xd;whf (1971 tiu) hfpd.
papy; ,d;ndhU iky;fy; mwpTf; fsQ;rpak;. ;j tpiyapy; khzth;f;fhd mwpTj; jfty;fisj; ; ntspahdJ. nrq;if Mopahd; ,izahrphpauhf ah;T tiu aho;g;ghzj;jpy; 3000 gpujpfs; tiu
uNtw;Gg; ngw;wJ mwpTf;fsQ;rpak;.
fijahrphpah;fspy; Kf;fpakhdth;. 

Page 37
vOjj; Jbf;Fk; ,isath;f
kugZj;jhf;fk; vq;fs; Kaw;rpfSf;Ff; F MapDk; vq;fs; tplh Kaw;rpahy;-
CioAk; cg;gf;fk; fhz;Ng
,J ele;J Rkhh; Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Nkyh
ehd; ,isQdhff; fijfs; vOjpf; nfhz;b Xh; vOj;jhsd; vd;W ,yf;fpa cyfk; Vw;Wf; nf
me;jf; fhyj;jpy; vdf;F xU ey;y ez;gh; ,Ue vd;W ngah;. RUf;fkhf ‘ehjd;’ vd;W nrhy;YNt
vd;idg; Nghy; ehjDk; epiwa Gj;jfq;fs;> Kf;fpakhf rpWfij> ehty;> fl;Liu> ftpij Ngh jhd; vq;fs; thrpg;Gf; fsk;.
rpWtaJ KjNy thrpg;Gg; gof;fk; vdf;F ,U gadhf vd;dplk; Nrh;e;j mwpT> vd;id Xh; vOj;j e;jJ. gj;jhz;Lfhy vOj;Jg; gapw;rp vd;id x ,yf;fpa cyfpy; mwpKfg; gLj;jpapUe;jJ.
fpl;lj;jl;l Xuhz;L fhykhf ehjNdhL gof JiwapYk; vOj;jhsh;fsplKk; xh;  ey;y kdpjuhfTk; ,Ue;jjh ez;guhfNt Mfp tpl;lhh;.
epiwa thrpf;fpwth;fspy; rpyUf;fhtJ jhq Ntz;Lnkd;w Mir Vw;gLtJ tof;fk;. ehjDf;F
ehd; vjph;ghh;j;jJ NghyNt> xU ehs; ehjd; Xh nfhz;L te;J vd;dplk; je;jhh;. ehw;gJ gf;ff; nfh gf;fq;fSf;F Nky; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ.
“mz;iz> ehd; xU rpWfij vOjpapUf;fpwd;. vg;gpb ,Uf;Fnjz;L nrhy;Yq;Nfh” vd;W ehj nrhd;dhh;.
37

jj; Jbf;Fk; ,isath;f;F
;fs; Kaw;rpfSf;Ff; FWf;fPL nra;ayhk;.
plh Kaw;rpahy;-
oAk; cg;gf;fk; fhz;Nghk;
-tujh;-
;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhfp tpl;lJ.
ijfs; vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;j fhyk;. vd;idAk; f;fpa cyfk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l Neuk;.
f;F xU ey;y ez;gh; ,Ue;jhh;. Rg;gpukzpa ehjd; ‘ehjd;’ vd;W nrhy;YNthk;.
k; epiwa Gj;jfq;fs;> rQ;rpiffs; thrpj;jhh;. ty;> fl;Liu> ftpij Nghd;w ,yf;fpaj;Jiwfs; sk;.
rpg;Gg; gof;fk; vdf;F ,Ue;jjhy; me;j thrpg;gpd; mwpT> vd;id Xh; vOj;jhsdhf tsh;j;njLj;jpU j;Jg; gapw;rp vd;id xU ey;y vOj;jhsdhf fg; gLj;jpapUe;jJ.
fhykhf ehjNdhL gof;fk;. mtUf;F vOj;Jj; plKk; xh;  xU ehs; ehjd; Xh; mg;gpahrf; nfhg;gpiaf; e;jhh;. ehw;gJ gf;ff; nfhg;gp. mjpy; ,Ugj;ije;J jg;gl;bUe;jJ.
rpWfij vOjpapUf;fpwd;. ePq;fs; thrpr;Rg; ghh;j;J rhy;Yq;Nfh” vd;W ehjd; rpwpJ $r;rj;NjhL
37


Page 38
nfhg;gpia thq;fpf; nfhz;L “X! ey;yJ e gbr;Rg; Nghl;L ehisf;Fr; nrhy;ypwd;” vd itj;Njd;.
md;wpuT kpFe;j MtYld; me;jf; fiji %d;W gf;fq;fs; gbg;gjw;F Kd;Ng vdf;F tpl;lJ. MapDk; KOtijAk; gbj;J Kbj ,J rhp tuhj Ntiy!"
mLj;j ehs; ehjd; te;J tpl;lhh;. mtUila vdf;Fr; rq;flkhf ,Ue;jJ.
me;jf; fijapy; nra;af; $ba jpUj;jq;fisr; n Kiw jpUj;jp vOjp   ,g;NghJ xU Gjpa cz;ikiaAk; n
‘epiwa thrpf;fpwth;fs; vy;NyhUNk rpwe;j KbahJ!’
ehjd; epiwa thrpf;fpwth; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;i MirAk; Kaw;rpAk; mthplkpUe;jd.
MapDk; mtuhy; xU rpWfijiaf; $l Kbatpy;iyNa!
,J xU Gjpuhfg; gyfhyk; vd; kdjpw;Fs; fpl
gz;bjh; Njh;T vOjpg; gl;lk; ngw;w vy;Nyh fzgjpg;gps;is’ Mfp tpLtjpy;iy.
Kiwahfr; rq;fPjk; gapd;W Njh;r;rp ngw;wt ‘vk;.v];.Rg;Gyl;Rkp’ MfptpLtjpy;iy.
38

; nfhz;L “X! ey;yJ ehjd;. ehd; uhitf;Nf f;Fr; nrhy;ypwd;” vd;W ehjid mDg;gp
tYld; me;jf; fijiag; gbj;Njd;. ,uz;L ;gjw;F Kd;Ng vdf;Fr; ‘rg;’ ngd;W Mfp tijAk; gbj;J Kbj;Njd;. “Nr> ehjDf;F "
te;J tpl;lhh;. mtUila Kfj;ijg; ghh;f;fNt
;jJ.
f; $ba jpUj;jq;fisr; nrhy;yp> ",ij ,d;ndhU oNfrhpf;F mDg;gpg; ghUk;" vd;W nrhy;ypf; ;Nld;.
y. mJ jpUj;jp vOjf; $ba fijahf ,y;iy.
j;jp vOjpdhuh> 

Page 39
ebg;Gf; fiyapy; vt;tsNth gapw;rp ngw;wt ‘rpth[p fNzrd;’ Mfp tpLtjpy;iy.
jkJ Jiwf;Nfw;w fy;tpawpTk;> jpwikAk;> rpfuj;ij vl;Lfpwhh;fs;.
mg;gb Mh;tKk; Kaw;rpAk; cs;s gyh; vl;Lfpwhh;fs;.
Mdhy; NtW rpyNuh-
vt;tsT Kad;whYk; mth;fSf;F ntw;wp fp
Vd;?
ghuk;ghpak;> ,uj;jj;jpy; CwpaJ> kugZj nrhy;fpwhh;fNs-
mg;gb VjhtJ ,Uf;FNkh?
mg;gb ,Uf;fhJ vd;W vd; kdk; nrhy;y tpU
‘Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;’
‘CioAk; cg;gf;fk; fhz;gh; - jhohJ cew;Wg
vd;nwy;yhk; ts;Sth; nrhd;dit gw;wp vdf;F e
Kaw;rp nra;Nthk;. kugZj; jhf;fj;ijAk; kPw
ek;gpf;ifAld;
tplh Kaw;rpAld;
tpjpiaAk; kjpapdhy; nty;yyhk;.
Duko - Dulux-Pentalite
lanka Pride jahhpg;Gf;f
aho; efhpy; ehl Ntz;ba
T.RASIAH & SON
j.,uhirah md; rd
23/10, Stanley Road, Ja
39

t;tsNth gapw;rp ngw;wth;fs; vy;NyhUNk xU
tpLtjpy;iy.
y;tpawpTk;> jpwikAk;> Kaw;rpAk; cs;s rpyh;
aw;rpAk; cs;s gyh; XusT ey;y juj;ij
h-
; mth;fSf;F ntw;wp fpilg;gjpy;iy.
;jpy; CwpaJ> kugZj;jhf;fk; vd;nwy;yhk;
f;FNkh?
;W vd; kdk; nrhy;y tpUk;GfpwJ.
f;Fk;’
fhz;gh; - jhohJ cew;Wgth;’
; nrhd;dit gw;wp vdf;F epiwa ek;gpf;if cz;L.
ugZj; jhf;fj;ijAk; kPwp ntw;wpfs; gilg;Nghk;.
; nty;yyhk;.
o - Dulux-Pentalite kw;Wk;
nka Pride jahhpg;Gf;fSf;F-
efhpy; ehl Ntz;ba ,lk;
T.RASIAH & SON
j.,uhirah md; rd;
10, Stanley Road, Jaffna
39


Page 40
-Mfu;\pah-
"gbkq;fs;Fe;jpnaOe;J gOj;Jg; Nghdnjd; Kfk; xt;nthd;wha;f; fow;wp vwpe;J my;yJ nrl;ilAhpj;J tsh;e;J ehd; ghh;f;fpd;Nwd; GJj; Njhyha; gpd;DfpwJ gbkk; gpd;Ndhf;fpNa.... fiyj;Jf; fl;Lk; $l;bw;Fs; cwT nfhz;L gLj;njOk;gpf; fdTf;fiof;Fk;. tpUk;ghkNy gbkq;fspd;mwpTWj;jy; fPohf;Fk; Vwpkpj;Jg; Nghfpw mrl;Lr; rphpg;Gfspd; Nfhrk; giwjl;Lk;. ,J ehsha;r; Rke;j cly;ghh;j;J> Nftyk; #l;b... neQ;Rtl;lj;Js; vhpkiy Fok;g> ,g;Nghkl;Lk; ghoha;g; Nghd gbkq;fspd;gb vhpf;fj;jhd; Kbatpy;iy Ciu"
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Page 41
"cUg; Nghl;Ltpl;Lg;
Ngrpdhh;fs;
Ngr;Rj; njsptw;wjhy;
my;yJ
njsptw;wijNa NgRtjhy;
xU vOg;gk;
myl;rpa eifg;G
vr;rpy; Jg;gy; Nghyf;
fhybapy; fha;fpwJ NgRnghUs;
fPo;f;NfhL gphpj;Jg;
ghAQ;#hpaDk; mwpthd;
tpspk;gpy; epd;W $j;jhLk;
tho;T gw;wpf; $f;fhl;Lk;
kuq;fspw;fy;yNt kuzk;
vg;NghJk; Nghy
mg;ghtpaha;r; nrj;Jg;Nghfpd;wdh;
Nkw;wpirapw; #hpah;fs;"
-Mfu;\pah- (1998)
jdp ,jo; 20/- rpwg;Gj; njhFg;G 100/-
r%f-mur fiy-,yf;fpa
Mrphpah;fs; : j.Nt njhlh;GfSf;F-
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o;
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jhy;
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ghfpd;wdh;
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r%f-murpay;- fiy-,yf;fpa rQ;rpif
Mrphpah;fs; : j.Ntytd;> K.kA+ud; njhlh;GfSf;F-
Mrphpah; 'ngah;' 157>flw;gilj;js tPjp jpUf;Nfhzkiy 026-27753
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Page 42
miy m. NaRuhrh - Kg;gj;ije;J ,jo;fNs n etPd jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F fhj;jpukhd gq;fspg;Gr; nr Mrphpah;.
xU thrfuhf> ftpQuhf> rpWfijah suhf> tpk suhf> gj;jp vOj;jhsuhf> rpdpkh ,urpfuhf gy js Ald; njhlh;e;J nraw;gl;L tUgth;. njhz;Z ,sq;ftpQh;fis Cf;Ftpf;;fntd;Nw ‘ftpij’ ,U
'xU fiy ,yf;fpa ,urpfd; vDk; NghJ vd; vdf; $Wk; NaRuhrh rpwe;j jpiug;gl tpkh;rfh;. e kpFe;j  aho;g;ghzk;.
jkpo;j;jpiug;glq;fs khiaAk; ajhh;j;jK
1903 ,y; Kjw; jpiug;glkhd Great Train Rob ,y; Kjy; NgRk;glkhd Jazz Singer ntspte;jJ fhspjh]h; Kjy; NgRk;glkhf ntspte;jJ.
jkpo; rpdpkh njhlf;f fhyk; KjNy jtwhd nfhz;Ls;sJ. Muk;gfhyj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj Ngr;R> N mike;Js;sJ. rpth[pAk; Ngr;R! M.G.R.ck; Ngr;R Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J te;Js;sJ. fhl;rpf;F K tpy;iy. ,d;Wtiu ,e;j Ngr;R njhlh;fpd;wJ f efh;j;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w rpdpkhtpy; mbg;gil Ltjpy;iy. Mq;fpNyah; xUth; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Nj $bepd;W xypr;rpj;jpuk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jijf; jpiug;glk; xypr;rpj;jpukhf ,Ue;jhy; NghJk;” vd
42

Kg;gj;ije;J ,jo;fNs ntspahd NghJk;  rpWfijah suhf> tpkh;rfuhf> nkhopnga h;g;gh > rpdpkh ,urpfuhf gy jsq;fspy; r%fg; gpuf;iQ ;gl;L tUgth;. njhz;Z}Wfspd; eL;g;Fjpapy; pf;;fntd;Nw ‘ftpij’ ,Ukhj ,jo; elhj;jpath;.
urpfd; vDk; NghJ vd; Kjw;fhjy; rpdpkhjhd;' e;j jpiug;gl tpkh;rfh;. ey;y jpiug;glq;fs; kPJ h;. aho; jpiug;gl tl;lk; (1979-81) mikj;Jr; h;. aho; gy;fiyf;fof jpiug;gl tl;lj;jpd; ;nfLj;J tUgth;.
; fle;j Mz;L nrg;nlk;gh; 20.21>22k; jpfjpfspy; ho; gpujhd tPjpapy; mike;Js;s fiyj;J}J h;Tfs; eilngw;wd.
py; “jkpo;j; jpiuglq;fs; : khiaAk; ajhh;j;jKk;” rh Mw;wpa ciuiaf; Fwpg;ngLj;Jj; njhFj;Jj; ;ghzk;.
kpo;j;jpiug;glq;fs; : hiaAk; ajhh;j;jKk;
g;glkhd Great Train Robbery ntspte;jJ 1927 Jazz Singer ntspte;jJ jkpopy; 1931 ,y; kfhtPh;
lkhf ntspte;jJ.
fhyk; KjNy jtwhd xU mZFKiw iaf; yj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj Ngr;R> Ngr;R vd xNu Ngr;rhf ; Ngr;R! M.G.R.ck; Ngr;R! vd;W xypr;rpj;jpuj;jpw;F te;Js;sJ. fhl;rpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLgl ;j Ngr;R njhlh;fpd;wJ fhl;rpfspD}lhf fijf; ;w rpdpkhtpy; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghL gpd;gw;wg;g xUth; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; NjePh; filxd;wpy; gyNgh; fl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jijf; fz;L - “jkpo;kf;fspw;F hf ,Ue;jhy; NghJk;” vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;.
42


Page 43
glj;jpd; ntw;wpia vj;jid ehs; jpiu muq nghWj;Nj fzpf;fpd;wdh;. rpdpkh vd;gJ (fiyiar Nghf;F vd;w khia epyTfpwJ. ngUk;ghyh N fiyg;gilg;GfisAk; rhp rpe;jidf; Fl;gLj;J nrhy;fpwJ. mjpy; nrhy;yg;gLk; my;yJ fhl;rpg ajhh;j;jkhd itah? r%fgl gpur;iQ cs;sd cl;gLj;JtJ nghOJNghf;fhf nfhs;NthhpilN
nksdkhd fhl;rpf;F Clhf> gpd;dzp ,irf j;jg;gl Ntz;ba Njit ,d;wpaikahjJ rpd fhl;rp Clfk;. mjid rhh;yp rg;spd; vd;w fiyQ s;shh;. xU rpy thrfq;fs; jpiuapy; ,lk; ngWk;. x ghh;itahsh; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s NghJkhdJ. glj ntspg;gLj;Jk; ,ir (Theme musiv) jpUk;gj; jpU ey;y xU tplakhFk; ,d;iwa jkpo; rpdpkh ajh njhiytpy; epw;fpwJ. Mdhy; ajhh;j;jG+h;tkhd gl vd;Wk; nrhy;y KbahJ.
,t;tifapy; jkpopy; ntspte;j glq;fSs Nghd;wtw;iw Fwpg;gplyhk;. jkpopy; ntspte cjphpg;G+f;fs;.
cjphpg;G+f;fs; kf;fspilNa tuNtw;Gg; ngw;wJ ngw KbahJ vd;w fUj;jpid ,r;rk;gtk; (glk;)
jkpo;;glq;fspy; ngUk;ghydtw;wpy; ,lk;ng khiaNa! nghUj;jkw;w ghly;fs;> mz;ikf;fh tf;fPuk;> td;Kiw eifr;Rit kpifahd cs;sd g;gl Ntz;ba ghypay; fy;tp jpiuglq;fSlhf gpi jw;fhyg;glq;fspy; fhz;gpf;fg;gLk; mz;zd; jq kPJ gps;isfs; fhz;gpf;Fk; ghrk;; kpifg;gLj;j vy;yhk; glq;fSk; xU Firmula (#j;jpuk;) tpw;F mz;zd;- jq;if ghrk; vd xU #j;jpuj;jpw;Fs; jkpo;j; jpiuglq;fspy; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ.
‘Nerk;’ vd;w m[pj;jpd; glj;jpy; Nfhopg;g fld;(loan) vLg;gjw;F tq;fpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl epuhfhpf;fg;gLfpwJ gpd; KfhikahsUf;F xU mtidf; fhjypj;jhy; fld; vLf;fyhk; vd;W fij r%fj;ij Fwpg;ghf rpWth;> ,isQh;fis MNuhf;fp ,l;Lr; nry;fpwJ. fhjy; - vd;w czh;T ,d fhz;gpf;fg;gLk; tpjk; vj;jifa khia?
jkpo;g; glq;fspy; fjhehafh; mjpkdpju
43

j;jid ehs; jpiu muq;fpy; xLfpwJ vd;gijg; rpdpkh vd;gJ (fiyiar; Ritj;jy; $l) nghOJ yTfpwJ. ngUk;ghyh Ndhh; rpdpkhitAk; rhp> rhp rpe;jidf; Fl;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. mJ vd;d ;yg;gLk; my;yJ fhl;rpg; gLj;jg;gLk; tpguq;fs; %fgl gpur;iQ cs;sdth? vd;w Nfs;tpf;F ghf;fhf nfhs;NthhpilNa ,y;iy.
Clhf> gpd;dzp ,irf; $lhf fij ntspg;gL t ,d;wpaikahjJ rpdpkh xU (Visual media) rhh;yp rg;spd; vd;w fiyQd; ed;F gad;gLj;jpA ; jpiuapy; ,lk; ngWk;. xU rpy thpfs; fijia hs;s NghJkhdJ. glj;jpd; ikaf; fUj;ij heme musiv) jpUk;gj; jpUk;g ,lk; ngWfpd;wik d;iwa jkpo; rpdpkh ajhh;j;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntF hy; ajhh;j;jG+h;tkhd glq;fs; Kw;wpYk; ,y;iy .
; ntspte;j glq;fSs; 'cjphpg;G+f;fs;', mofp yhk;. jkpopy; ntspte;j kpfr; rpwe;j glk;
pilNa tuNtw;Gg; ngw;wJ fiyg;glq;fs; ntw;wp
;jpid ,r;rk;gtk; (glk;) kWj;J epw;fpwJ.
k;ghydtw;wpy; ,lk;ngWk; fij> ghly;fs; ghly;fs;> mz;ikf;fhyg; glq;fspy; ghypay; r;Rit kpifahd cs;sd. jkpoh;fspw;F toq;f y;tp jpiuglq;fSlhf gpioahf toq;fg;g LfpwJ. ;gpf;fg;gLk; mz;zd; jq;if ghrk; jha;> je;ij f;Fk; ghrk;; kpifg;gLj;jpf; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Firmula (#j;jpuk;) tpw;Fs; epw;fpd;wd. fhjy;> vd xU #j;jpuj;jpw;Fs; jhd; ngUk;ghd;ikahd hl;lg;gLfpwJ.
;jpd; glj;jpy; Nfhopg;gz;iz itg;g jw;F tq;fpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l tpz;zg;g g;gbtk; ; KfhikahsUf;F xU kfs; ,Uf;fpd;whs; ld; vLf;fyhk; vd;W fij njhlh;fpwJ. ,J jkpo; h;> ,isQh;fis MNuhf;fpa kw;w khia cyFfs; y; - vd;w czh;T ,d;wa jkpo;g;glq;fspy; j;jifa khia?
fjhehafh; mjpkdpjuhf (Superman)fhl;l
43


Page 44
Kjw; jpiug;glk;
The Great Train Robbery
1895 ,y; 'gfw;NghrdNtis' vDk; Jz;Lg;glk; ntspahdJ. 1903 ,y; The Great Train Robbery ntspahdJ. ,JNt fijnrhy;Yk; (narrative) Kjw; jpiug;glkhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
,j; jpiug;gk; gj;J epkplksthdjhf mik epwj;jpy; gjpdhd;F fhl;rpfs; ,lk; ngw;wd.
,JNt Kj fhl;Ltjw;Fj; ,Uf;ftpy;iy fSf;F vLj;j g;gl;l NghJ g idf;F vl;lh jJ.
,j; jpiug;glk; xU nuapy; nfhs;isr; rk;gk mirAk; glq;fisg; ghh;j;jpuhj ghh;itahhsh; jhk rk;gj;ijg; ghh;g;gjhf vz;zpg; gPjpAw;wdh;.
jpiug;glj;jpd; filrpf; fhl;rpapy; nfhs;isa fUtpia Nehf;fp mjhtJ ghh;itahsiu ghh;itahsh; jhk; cz;ikapw; Rlg;gLtjhf vz
,j; jpiuglj;ij ,af;fpath; Edwin S.Porter. ,th; vbrdplk; Gifg;glf; fiyQuhf Ntiy ghh;j;j tuhth;. ,j;jpiug;glk; New Jersy kw;Wk; Delaware gFjpfspy; glkhf;f g;gl;lJ.
-topfhl;b-
44

;glk;
bery
ghrdNtis' pahdJ. 1903 ain Robbery ijnrhy;Yk; piug;glkhff;
epkplksthdjhf mike;jJ. fWg;G-nts;is ;rpfs; ,lk; ngw;wd.
,JNt Kjw; jpiug;glk; vd;gjhy; fhl;Ltjw;Fj; jpiuauq;Ffs; vJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. glk; gy;NtW ,lq; fSf;F vLj;jr; nry;yg;gl;Lf; fhl;l g;gl;l NghJ ghh;itahsh;fspd; fw;g idf;F vl;lhjnthd;whfNt ,Ue; jJ.
nuapy; nfhs;isr; rk;gk; gw;wpaJ. ,jw;F Kd; h;j;jpuhj ghh;itahhsh; jhk; Nehpy; xU nfhs;isr;
z;zpg; gPjpAw;wdh;.
rpf; fhl;rpapy; nfhs;isah; jiytd; Gifg;glf; htJ ghh;itahsiu Nehf;fpr; RLk; NghJ ;ikapw; Rlg;gLtjhf vz;zpg; gae;Njhbdh;.
,af;fpath; h; vbrdplk; Ntiy ghh;j;j ; New Jersy spy; glkhf;f
-topfhl;b-
44
Edwin S.Porter.


Page 45
g;gLfpd;wdh;. Jiz ebfh;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; m tpjptpyf;fhf 'jz;zPh; jz;zPhpy;' rpW rpWghj rpj;jhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
jkpoh;fspy; gbj;jth;fs; gFj;jha;fpd;w tpQ;Q itj;jpah;fs;> nghwpapyhsh;fs; Kjyhdth;fs; j;jg;gl;l rpdpkhitg; ghh;f;f jpiuauq;fpw;F XLf Nghf;if mq;F vd;d tplak; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ vd;W kfpo;r;rp jUfpd;w xU rhjdkhf rpdpkhit- NehfF guk;giuahf topg;gLj;jg;gl;l Nghf;fhf fh Muha;tJ Njit ,y;yhj Ntiy; vkf;F vd fhzg;gLfpwJ.
gpw nkhopg;glq;fSld; xg;gpl;L Nehf;F kplj vd;W vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ? ehk; kpff; fPNo ,Uf;fpd;Nw glq;fs; Fiwe;jstpy; cz;L.
1954- ,y; ntspte;j me;jehs; - xU nfhiy Nghplk; Jg;Gj; Jyf;f tprhuiz. ,g;glk; Ig;ghd ,af;Feh; mhpNuhFNuh]htpd; uN]hkhdpd; (R nfhz;Ls;sJ. mopahj Nfhyq;fs;> Cik cs;s Nghd;w glq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;L nrhy;yf; $bad. ,i chpait.
mz;ikapy; ntspte;j glq;fspy; 'Kfk;' - Kfj;Jld; thoKbahJ NghypKfj;Jld; jhd; fhl;LfpwJ. ,d;iwa r%fj;jpd; Nghypj;jdj;i nrhy;yyhk;. ,g;glj;jpy; ehrhpd; ebg;G rpwg;ghdJ
'mofp' - ee;jpjh jh]pd; ebg;G kdjpy; jhf;fj
“Terrorist” - re;Njh\; rptd; ,af;fpa glk jpiug;gl tl;lj;jpy; mz;ikapy; jpiuapl;lhh;fs fisg; gw;wpaJ. jw;nfhiyg; ngz; Nghuhsp xU nraw;gLfpd;whh;. xh; murpay; fl;rpjiytiuf; nf jtwptpl;ldh; ,uz;lhtJ Kaw;rpahf jw;nfhiyg; g;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. jw;nfhiy ngz;Nghuhsp f Nghuhl;lj;ij cr;rj;jpw;F nfhz;L Nghfpd;whh;. Kb Nghuhsp ,af;fpia (Remot) mOj;j tpy;iy e epr;rakhf Fz;il ntbf;f itj;jpUg;Ngd;.
Mdhy; Nghuhspapd; kd czh;Tfs; fhl;lg;gLf Fz;il ntbf;fitj;J ,wf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehk; Nghuhspfs; my;y. ntspapy; epd;W nfhz ,yf;if mila Ntz;Lk; vd;W tw;GWj;j ve;j
45

fh;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mw;W fhl;lg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ; jz;zPhpy;' rpW rpWghj;jpu q;fs; nrk;ikahf
;fs; gFj;jha;fpd;w tpQ;Qhdf;fy;tp ngw;w th;fs;> hsh;fs; Kjyhdth;fs; $l jw;fhy kpifg;gL h;f;f jpiuauq;fpw;F XLfpd;whh;fs;. xU nghOJ plak; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ vd;W gFj;jha Kw;glhky;> jdkhf rpdpkhit- Nehf;Ffpd;wdh;. ,J guk;giu ;jg;gl;l Nghf;fhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ',jid hj Ntiy; vkf;F vd;d!' vd;w kNdhepiy
d; xg;gpl;L Nehf;F kplj;J vkf;F rpwe;j glk; hk; kpff; fPNo ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. jkpopy; ajhh;j;jkhd
z;L.
me;jehs; - xU nfhiyiaf;fhz;fpd;w ehd;F prhuiz. ,g;glk; Ig;ghdpd; Gfo; ngw;w jpiug;gl htpd; uN]hkhdpd; (Rashowman) rhaiyf; Nfhyq;fs;> Cik cs;sq;fs;> gd;dPh; G\;gq;fs;- ;L nrhy;yf; $bad. ,it adolesence periodw;F
e;j glq;fspy; 'Kfk;' - ehrhpd; ebg;G. ep[khd NghypKfj;Jld; jhd; thoKbAk; vd;gijf; %fj;jpd; Nghypj;jdj;ij fhl;Lfpd;wJ vd;W ; ehrhpd; ebg;G rpwg;ghdJ.
pd; ebg;G kdjpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
\; rptd; ,af;fpa glk; aho;gy;fiyf; fof ;ikapy; jpiuapl;lhh;fs; jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhsp iyg; ngz; Nghuhsp xU kdpj ntb Fz;lhfr; pay; fl;rpjiytiuf; nfhy;y Kjy; Kaw;rpapy; Kaw;rpahf jw;nfhiyg; ngz; Nghuhspia jahh; hiy ngz;Nghuhsp fh;g;gkha; ,Uf;fpd;whh;. nfhz;L Nghfpd;whh;. Kbtpy; ngz; jw;nfhiyg; mot) mOj;j tpy;iy ehd; jahhpj;J ,Ue;jhy;
f;f itj;jpUg;Ngd;. d czh;Tfs; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. ehk; Nghuhspia ,wf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vg;gbf; $w KbAk;? . ntspapy; epd;W nfhz;L jd;Dapiu kha;j;J
k; vd;W tw;GWj;j ve;j chpikAk; ,y;iy.
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Page 46
Mj;kh (14) Neh;fhzypy; ",ay;ghd-ek;gj;jFe;j f cUthf;fk;> ,ay;ghd ebg;G> rk;gr; #oypd; cz Jiz nra;Ak; ,ir- ,aw;if xypfs; vd;gd ,i -gprpwy;fs; mw;W - tbt Neh;j;jpAld; mikAk; jpiug vdr; nrhy;yyhk;" vd;fpwhh; NaRuhrh.
XusT jukhd 'eLj;jug; glq;fspd;' gl;b ,urpfh;fSf;fhf mg;gl;bay; ,q;Nf kPs; gpurukhfpw
me;j ehs;> ViogLk; ghL> jhfk;> jpf;fw;w gh xUtd;> Mf;fpu`huj;jpy; fOij> Fbir> cjphpg;G+ grp> mopahj Nfhyq;fs;> mts; mg;gbj; jhd;> jz fWj;jk;kh> ghujp> Fl;b> epyhf;fhyk;> ehafd;> Njtij> nuwwp];w;> mofp kw;Wk;  ,Wjpapy khiy mzptpj;J fhhpy; tPo;j;J tzq;Fk; NghJ F Ntz;Lk;. khiyia mzp tpj;J> fhypy; tPo;fpwhs mjd; Mspia mOj;j tpy;iy.
,g;glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; rpWNghuhspapd; je;iji ,uhZtk; mtDila fz;Kd;Nd mf; nfhLik nfQ;ry; vJTk; rk;gtj;ij jLf;f Kbatp y;i Nghuhspahf khWfpd;whs; gpd;dh; rf ngz; Nghuhs nfhd;w NghJ mOfpd;whd;.
Terrorist - rh;r;irf;Fhpa glk; J}h;jh;\dpYk; fh cgj;jiyg;GfSld; $ba jkpo;g;glk;
J
46

py; ",ay;ghd-ek;gj;jFe;j fij> nrk;ikahd ghj;jpu ebg;G> rk;gr; #oypd; czh;T ntspg;ghl;bw;Fj; aw;if xypfs; vd;gd ,ize;J> ,Wf;fkhdjha; eh;j;jpAld; mikAk; jpiug;glj;ij ey;y jpiug;glk; hh; NaRuhrh.
j;jug; glq;fspd;' gl;baYk; jug;gl;ls;sJ ay; ,q;Nf kPs; gpurukhfpwJ.
k; ghL> jhfk;> jpf;fw;w ghh;tjp> cd;idg; Nghy ; fOij> Fbir> cjphpg;G+f;fs;> G+l;lhj G+l;Lf;fs;> ;> mts; mg;gbj; jhd;> jz;zPh; jz;zPh;> kWgf;fk;> hf;fhyk;> ehafd;> Njtij> Kfk;> gd;dPh;g; G\;gq;fs;> oj;jpiug;glq;fspy; nghd;kzp> fhw;wntsp> Kfq;fs;>
pte;j gy FWk; glq;fs;.
ak;-me;j ngz; Nghuhsp JNuhfpiar; nfhy;y spr;rpWtd; : mtd; me;j jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhspia oj;Jr; nry;fpd;whd;. jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhsp xh; ntl;bf; nfhy;fpd;whh;. ,ijg; ghh;j;J me;j rpWtd; mtis ntWf;fpd;whd;. JNuhfpiaAk; ,uhZt q;fhj Nghuhsp> ,Wjpapy; me;j murpay;thjpf;F tPo;j;J tzq;Fk; NghJ Fz;il ntbf;fr; nra;a p tpj;J> fhypy; tPo;fpwhs; ,af;fpia vLf;fpwhs; tpy;iy.
k; rpWNghuhspapd; je;ijia capNuhL vhpf;fpd;wJ z;Kd;Nd mf; nfhLik epfo;fpwJ rpWtWila ;ij jLf;f Kbatp y;iy. ,jw;F gpwF mtd; ; gpd;dh; rf ngz; Nghuhsp ,uhZtPud; xUtidf; hd;.
pa glk; J}h;jh;\dpYk; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Mq;fpy ba jkpo;g;glk;
Jsrpuhk; aho;g;ghzk;
46


Page 47
ePq;fSk; vOjyhk;
vOj;JyF Gfj;Jbf;Fk; ,isNahiu Cf;F gilg;Gf;fSf;Ff; fsikj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ vkJ xd;W.
cq;fsJ gilg;G rpWfijahfNth> ftpijah ,Uf;fyhk;. mJ cq;fs; nrhe;jg; gilg;ghf ,U
,d> kj murpaw; gf;fr; rhh;gw;w tpjj;jpy; rkf gilg;Gfs; tuNtw;fg;gLfpd;wd.
ftpijfs; kuGf;ftpijahfNth GJf; ftpi ftpijahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj Kf;fpakh
mwptpaw; fl;Liufs;> Fwpg;Gf;fis mDg;GN ngw;Wf; nfhz;l tpjj;ij Fwpg;gpLtJ ey;yJ.
Mf;fq;fs; A4 my;yJ Foolscap jhspy; v f;fJ. xU jhspy; xU gf;fj;ijNa gad;gLj;j
Gidngah; gad;gLj;jyhk;. vdpDk; nr Fwpg;gplg;glhj Mf;fq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;glk
khzth;fs; jk; ghlrhiy Mrphpahplk;/mj vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fis mDg;gp Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gLk;.
,isath;fs; -Fwpg;ghfg; ghlrhiyg; gUtj;j ed;F gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. khzth;fSf;Fg; ghpRfs;
gpuRukhFk; ghlrhiy khzthpd; jukhd M fhj;jphpUfpd;wd.
ghpR ngWk; tha;g;ig cWjpg;gLj;j gilg;G vd;gijg; ghlrhiy mjpgh;/cg mjpgh; %yk; cW Kfthpiaj; njhpthf vOjp mDg;Gq;fs;.
ntl;Ljy;> jpUj;Jjy; ,y;yhky; njspthfj mDg;Gq;fs;.
cq;fis Cf;Ftpf;fntd;Nw jukhd Gj;jfg; g
vkJ Kfthp.
T.Kopinath 90/3, New Chetty Street, Colombo-13
47

ePq;fSk; vOjyhk;
;Fk; ,isNahiu Cf;Ftpj;J mth;jk; jukhd kj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ vkJ gpujhd Nehf;fq;fSs;
fijahfNth> ftpijahfNth> fl;Liuahf Nth ; nrhe;jg; gilg;ghf ,Uj;jNy mtrpakhdJ.
;fr; rhh;gw;w tpjj;jpy; rkfhyj;ijg; gjpT nra;Ak; Lfpd;wd.
pijahfNth GJf; ftpijahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. z;Lk; vd;gNj Kf;fpakhdJ.
;> Fwpg;Gf;fis mDg;GNthh; jhk; jfty;fisg; j Fwpg;gpLtJ ey;yJ.
;yJ Foolscap jhspy; vOjg;gLtJ tpUk;gj;j f;fj;ijNa gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Lj;jyhk;. vdpDk; nrhe;jg; ngah;> Kfthp
s; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;glkhl;lJ.
lrhiy Mrphpahplk;/mjpghplk; "Ra gilg;G" p Mf;fq;fis mDg;gp itj;jhy; mtw;wf;F k;.
hfg; ghlrhiyg; gUtj;jpYs;Nshh; ,t;tha; g;ig s;syhk;. ghpRfs;
y khzthpd; jukhd Mf;fq;fSf;F ghpRfs;
g cWjpg;gLj;j gilg;G cq;fs; nrhe;j Mf;fk; pgh;/cg mjpgh; %yk; cWjpg;gLj;jp nrhe;jg; ngah;> Ojp mDg;Gq;fs;.
y; ,y;yhky; njspthfj; jpUk;g vOjp tpiue;J
ntd;Nw jukhd Gj;jfg; ghpRfs; fhj;jpU f;fpd;wd.
nath ew Chetty Street, o-13
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Page 48
With Best Compliments from
tpf;Nd];tuh eifg; G+q;fh
Wigneswara Nakai Poo
(Jewellers and Diamond Mercha
34D, Kandasami Kovil Road Vavuniya Tel : 024-21910, 024-21857
34D, f
t
With Best Compliments from
BIRUNTHAA JEWELLER
gpUe;jh [{ty;yh;]; eif tpahghuk;
Guaranteed 22KT Sovereign gold
297(301)> f];J}hpahh;
3 tPjp> aho;g;ghzk;.
48

ments from
tpf;Nd];tuh eifg; G+q;fh
neswara Nakai Poonka
llers and Diamond Merchants)
il Road
21857
34D, fe;jrhkpNfhtpy; tPjp> tTdpah
ments from
RUNTHAA JEWELLERS
gpUe;jh [{ty;yh;]; eif tpahghuk;
22KT Sovereign gold Jewellery
hpahh;
301, Kasturiar Road, Jaffna ;.
48