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Fra Jaffn...
ehl;Lf;$j;J
Ngl;b - ruh
Mein Kampf
Dansk/tamilsk social­kultur
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à ́ñ¢°ó à ́ñ¢°ó
îù¢°ó1⁄2èè îù¢°ó1⁄2èè Þóîîñ¢õö¤ò Þóîîñ¢õö¤ò ° ° õî¤ò¤ô¢õ¤¿ï¶ õî¤ò¤ô¢õ¤¿ï¶ ¶ ¶ îôô£ îôô£ °ò¤ø¢ °ò¤ø¢
o. o. 1úðó£ü 1úðó£ü

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ISSN1901­273X
ini
1 Dec 2005
à ́ñ¢°ó1⁄2ñ à ́ñ¢°ó1⁄2ñ
îù¢°ó1⁄2èè£ò¢ îù¢°ó1⁄2èè£ò¢ Þóîîñ¢õö¤ò Þóîîñ¢õö¤ò °îøððì ́ °îøððì ́ õî¤ò¤ô¢õ¤¿ï¶ õî¤ò¤ô¢õ¤¿ï¶ ¶®èè¤ø¶ ¶®èè¤ø¶ îôô£ îôô£ °ò¤ø¢°ë2. °ò¤ø¢°ë2.
o. o. 1úðó£ü£ 1úðó£ü£
cial­kultur­og litteraturblad

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2
❍ cs;Ns...
xU gdKfggilgg
❍ fspgGk> frgGk;
❍ Fra Jaffna til Jyllinge. ­
❍ #yKk;fhzpAk;
❍ Fjpjj FjpAk Mba
❍ Til mit ufødte barn
❍ `plyhpd;‐ vdJ
❍ NeHfhzy;vd.rut
❍ edNthil (rpWfi
❍ E}y;mwpKfk;
❍ KyiyA+uhd.. vd
❍ khtPuH ciu ‐ xU
❍ rpqfs rhjpaikgG Redaktion
❍ jkpo;nkhopapd;rpw T.Sathyadas Redigering
❍ ekfF ntspapy;ek
M.S.Kandasamy
❍ ftpij
md;gspg;G: gpujp xd;W – 25.Dkr, tUl re;jh – 100Dkr
(ehd;F gpujpfs; jghw; nryT
njhlHGfSf;F: Akal Blomstervaenget 36 6600 Vejen Denmark. e­mail: editor@dantamil.com www.dantamil.com\ini
,yq;if> fhNrhiy tq;fpAk;> Thavarasa DanskeBan 6600 Vejen Denmark. A/C 37370

xU gdKfggilgghsp V.rpthdejk;
fspgGk> frgGk;
Fra Jaffna til Jyllinge. ­ (1)
#yKk;fhzpAk;
Fjpjj FjpAk MbaghjqfSk;
Til mit ufødte barn
`plyhpd;‐ vdJ Nghuhllk (1)
NeHfhzy;vd.rutzd;
edNthil (rpWfij)
E}y;mwpKfk;
KyiyA+uhd.. vdDs..
khtPuH ciu ‐ xU ghHit
rpqfs rhjpaikgG!
jkpo;nkhopapd;rpwgG
ekfF ntspapy;ekJ jiytpjp
ftpij
md;gspg;G: , tUl re;jh – 100Dkr (nld;khHf; kl;Lk;)
pujpfs; jghw; nryT cl;gl)
fSf;F: Akal enget 36 00 Vejen enmark. e­mail: mil.com l.com\ini
,yq;if> ,e;jpah ,ytrk; fhNrhiy mDg;gNtz;ba tq;fpAk;> ,yf;fKk;: Thavarasa Sathyadas DanskeBank 6600 Vejen Denmark. A/C 3737090698
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xU gd;Kf gilg;ghsp V.rpthde;jk;
‐vk.V.N[‐
m
urpay> ,yffpak>
rpejhej jsqfspy;,dk> nkhop> ehlbd;vyiy ,twiwf;fleJ rHtNjrpathjpahf thOk;kdpjH Race and Class V.rpthdejk. ,tH ,yqifjjkpoH. ,yqifapy; kpfr nrhwgkhf glljhhpfs; ,Uej fhyflljjpy; glljhhpahdtH. MdhYk ,ej epwthj r%fjjpd rkur mikgGffshd gyfiyf; fofqfs> Racial Equality Commission Nghdwtwwpy gjtp ngw miyatpyiy. myyJ jfty;njhopy Elg rhjdqfspy; Nglbaspffpdw myyJ NjhdWfpdw (media figure) nghpa kdpjuhfTk jdidf fhlbf; nfhsstpyiy. ,tuJ vOjJffs Mukgjjpy; ifnaOjJg gpujpfshfNt n t s p t e j p U f f p d w d . vzgJfspd Mukgjjpy jhd;
,tuJ v PLUTO g tbtpy;nf Different H Struggle memory Di
3

xU gd;Kf gilg;ghsp V.rpthde;jk;
‐vk.V.N[‐
yffpak>
k> nkhop> f;fleJ k;kdpjH jk. ,tH qifapy; jhhpfs; lljjpy; Yk ,ej rkur yfiyf; Equality wpy gjtp myyJ dqfspy; myyJ ure) nghpa
fhlbf; ,tuJ kgjjpy; fshfNt p d w d . jpy jhd;
,tuJ vOjJffs; VERSO, PLUTO gjpggfqfshy E}y; tbtpy;nfhzLtugglLssd. A Different Hunger, Writings on Black Struggle for Socialism, When memory Dies , Where the Dance is
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Mfpa E}yfisAk; 40MzLfSfF Nkyhf njhlHeJ Race and Class rQrpifiaAk ntspfnfhzL tUk V.rpthdejk mtHfs; jdid XH vOjjhshdf nrhytij kWffpdwhH. jdid XH fij nrhyyp vdNw nrhyypfnfhsfpwhH. ,yffpak>
ftpij> h.v].vypal>]gHl> gjNjhtd;vdW MoeJ NghFk; rpthdejd nrhyfpwhH. ehk; epiwa vOjjhsHfisg; gbffpNwhk. Mdhy ghUqfs; mtHfs mejp gwwp> Vfhjpgjjpak gwwp vJTk; nrhytjpyiy. Mdhy vdfF Nfhgjjpy myrH teJtpllJ.
4
vdfpwhH. eltbfif nrhyypf tpUggKs Nkwfjj project NtW project Nt tUkNghJ r%f nr rpejpggjh %dwhtJ czUtj ,tiug g fiy t NgHId;Fw ftp> rpth xU fij cgrhpgghs rpth vgng cUfF 
l>]gHl> J NghFk; hH. ehk; Hfisg; hUqfs;
gwwp> vJTk; y vdfF JtpllJ.
vdfpwhH. NkYk jdid XH eltbfifahsd;(Activist) vdW nrhyypf nfhssNt tpUggKsstuhf fhzggLfpwhH. Nkwfjjpa cyfjjpd; Social project NtW. %dwhk;cyfjjpd; project NtW. yzldpy thoeJ tUkNghJk mej %dwhk cyf r%f nrayNghfF gwwpNa rpejpggjhfTk> jhd;jdid xU %dwhtJ cyfj jtdhfNt czUtjhfTk $WfpwhH. ,tiug gwwp ,tuJ ezgUk; fiy tpkHrfUkhd NIhd; NgHId;FwpggpLkNghJ “rpth xU ftp> rpth xU murpaythjp> rpth xU fij nrhyyp> rpth xU cgrhpgghsd> ntwW murpaypy; rpth vgnghOJNk toejjpyiy. cUfF Miyjnjhopypy;  V.rpthdejdpd vOjJffs; jdid ngupJk MfH\pjjd vdfpwhH.
Race and Class fhyhzbjo; myyJ
mtuJ Vida gilgGfs; gwwpa njhlHGfSfF
INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS
2­6 LEEKE STREET,KING‘S CROSS ROAD
LONDON WC1X 9H5,U.K
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m
e;je;j fhyj;Jf;Fhpa nghJ mgpyhirfisf; fz;lwpahj> fz;lgpd; mjid epiwT nra;ahj xU jiyikjdJ yl;rpaj;jpy; ntw;wpnfhz;l xU jiyikahf ,Uf;fKbahJ.
Mdhy; ,e;j ~~nghJ|| vd;fpw tplakhdJ $He;J Nehf;f Ntz;ba xd;W. .ngUk;ghd;ik mgpyhirfis epiwNtw;Wjy;. vd;gJ [dehafg; gz;gpd; gpufhuk; rhpahdjhfNt gl;lhYk;> mbg;gil jHkj;ij (ethics) epiwT nra;tjhfj;jhd; mJ ,Uf;Fnkd;wpy;iy. rpy gykhd fUj;Jf;fs;> epahakhdjhfTk; rpW ghd;i kahdjhfTk; $l ,Uf ;fKbA k;. vspik ahf nrhy;yg;Nghdhy;> ehk; ,d;W ek;gp Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;s mj;jidAk; cz;ikahfTk; epahakhfTk; jhd; ,Uf;Fnkd;gjpy;iy. mJ mg;Nghija Neuj;jpd; ,d;g%l;LgitahfTk;> Rafspg;G+l;LgitahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. khwhf ehk; kWf;fpd;w gy tplaq;fs; ekf ;F frg;ghditahf Tk; cz;ikahfTk; ,Uf;f KbAk;.
5
fspg;G+l;L
ngha;Ak;> frg;G+l;Lk nka;Ak;
‐n[d
,e;j , tplaj;Jf (mainstrea epr;rak; rhpahfTk khwhf r ,Ug;gjhy ,Uf;Fnkd
gyN f GiuNahbg fhyj;NjN FWf paf ngwr;nra;J midtUk xU ,d tuyhw;W me;j kuNg $WfisA gof;fto GidTfs gz;ghl;L g jhd; ,Uf kl;Lky;y kugpYk; f
r%f fl;lq;fis fhy ts nghOJ> ,

pa nghJ > fz;lgpd; hj xU paj;jpy; ikahf
| vd;fpw Ntz;ba hirfis dehafg; djhfNt j (ethics) d; mJ gykhd jhfTk; ; $l pik ahf ;W ek;gp ;jidAk; Tk; jhd; g;Nghija ahfTk;> ,Uf;Fk;. plaq;fs; ahf Tk; Ak;.
fspg;G+l;Lk; ngha;Ak;> frg;G+l;Lk; nka;Ak;
‐n[ddp‐
,e;j ,lj;jpy; kPz;Lk; nghJ vd;fpw tplaj;Jf;F tUNthk;. ngUk;Nghf;fhf (mainstream) ,Uf;fpw midj;Jk; epr;rak; cz;i kahfT k;> rhpahfTk;jhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd;wpy;iy. khwhf rpWghd;ik fUj;Jf;fshf ,Ug;gjhy; mJ gpioahfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fnkd;wpy;iy.
gyN fhb Mz ;Lfshfg; GiuNahbg;Nghd kunghd;wpid rkPg fhyj;NjNa gFj;jwpTthjj;jhy; FWf pafhyj;jpy; ntw ;wp ngwr;nra;JtplKbahJ vd;gij ehk; midtUk; czHNthk;.
xU ,dj;jpd; r%f fl;likg;ghdJ> tuyhw;W hPjpapy; gy kuGfisAk;> me;j kuNghbize;j gy;NtW GidTf; $WfisAk;> %l ek;gpf;iffs;> gof;ftof;fq;fs;> khiafs;> GidTfs;> jphpGfs; vd;gd fyhrhu gz;ghl;L gbkq;fs; kPJ Fe;jpf;nfhz;L jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. ,J ekJ jkpo; kugpy; kl;Lky;y cyfpd; gy ,dq;fspd; kugpYk; fhzf;fpilf;fpd;w $Wfs;.
r%f cUthf;fkhdJ> gy fl;lq;fisj; jhz;b r%fkhw;wq;fis fhy tsHr;rpf;fika vjpHnfhs;fpw nghOJ> ,tw;wpy; ,Uf;fpd;w gy;NtW
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gpioahd $Wfisf;fistjpy; jhd; me;j r%fj;jpd; MNuhf;fpakhd> Gul;rpfu r%f khw;wj;jpd; ntw;wp jq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
ehl;by; ekJ Nghuhl;lkhdJ xU Njrpa Nghuhl;lk; vd;fpw hPjpapy;> Njrpa czHitAk;> mjd; $WfisAk; ghJfhg;gjpNyNa ekJ Njrpathjj;ij jf;fitf;fyhk; vd;fpw thjj;jpd; tpisthf GiuNahbg;NghAs;s gy gpioahd kuGfisj; Njhspy; Rke;jgb ekJ r%f k; ga zpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf ;fpw J vd;gij csr;Rj;jpAld; xg;Gf;nfhs;Nthk;.
ek;ik topelj;Jk; cz;ikfs; gy ekf;Ff; frg;ghdit> ek;khy; [Puzpf;f Kbahjit> ek;ik kfpo;T+l;llhjit. khwhf ek;khy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l> gy gpioahd IjPfq;fs;> kw;Wk; GidTfs; ekf;F fspg;G+l;Lgitahf cs;sd.
frg;ghd cz;ikfis tpl;Lj; jg;gpNahLgtHfshfTk;> fspg;G+l;Lk; gpioahd Mjpf;f kuGf;$Wfis njhlHgtHfshfTk; ehk; cs;Nshk;. ,jid gz;ghl;bd; Nguhy;> fyhrhuhj; jpd; Nguhy;> Njrpaj;jpd; Nguhy; ehk; njhlHe;J tUfpNwhk; vd;gNj ajhHj;jk;
,e;j ajhHj;jj;ij czuhjtiu> ,jd; kPJ vkJ Njliy nra;ahjtiu> ,jpy; Njitahd khw;wq;fis nfhzLtuhjtiu> ekJ cs;shHe;j tsHr;rpa py; k hw;w k; fhzg; Nghtjpy;jpy;iy ehk;. mJ Nghy ekJ mLj;j re;jpapdhpd; MNuhf;fpakhd ntw;wpiaAk; ,J ghjpf;fr;nra;Ak;. ,J ekJ MNuhf ;fpa khd r%fkhw;wj;jpy; ntw;wpiaAk; ,Wjpapy; xl;Lnkhj;j ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;.
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elG cilej xjjlk rpijej vijAk vllhg nrhejq nrhHff nrhejq nrhHff cdkhd fwwth fypAfj fiyQh kdpjh! ekgpfi kujJgN kyUk;M Gijej uzqfs Nt&dw ekgpfi
­ Mjpah
jk
xy epfo;r
rd jpd F miy Nfl

jpy; jhd; ;fpakhd> ; ntw;wp
hdJ xU py;> Njrpa fisAk; thjj;ij hjj;jpd; s;s gy ; Rke;jgb zpj;Jf; vd;gij ;Nthk;.
kfs; gy ; [Puzpf;f ;llhjit. s;sg;gl;l> ;> kw;Wk; gitahf
tpl;Lj; spg;G+l;Lk; ;$Wfis s;Nshk;. fyhrhuhj; uhy; ehk; vd;gNj
uhjtiu> ;ahjtiu> ;wq;fis s;shHe;j fhzg; ghy ekJ f;fpakhd r;nra;Ak;. ;fpa khd ; ,Wjpapy; j;Jk;.
elG cilej cssqfSfF xjjlk> rpijej cwTfSfFg ghyk.> vijAk;vjpHghuhj elG. vllhggok; nrhejqfs;rhpahf ,Uejhy; nrhHffk;mUfpy;,UfFk; nrhejqfs;gOthdhy; nrhHffk;vllhg;goNk. cdkhdk; fwwthpd;mtkhdk; fypAfjjpd;rdkhdk; fiyQhpd;jdkhdk; kdpjh! mJ cdkhdk. ekgpfif kujJgNghd ,jajjpy; kyUk;Mirfs;,yiy Gijej epidTfspd; uzqfspy; Nt&dwp epkpHeJ tsHfpwJ ekgpfif.
­ Mjpah ­
jkpo;r; Nrit xy;Nghtpd; epfo;r;rpfis gpujp rdp>QhapW jpdq;fspy; FM 9202 miythpirfspy; Nfl;L kfpoyhk;
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fh
iy xd;gJ kzpiaj;
jhz;bf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntis lhdpay; fuhr;rpd; Kd;G ez;gHfs; rpyUld; fijj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. me;Neuk; xUtH jhz;bj; jhz;B cs;Ns te;J nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,tHfisf; fz;lJk; “,Q;Nr lhdpay!; vdf;F ,z;ilf;F vg;gbAk; ,uz;L #ykb j;J juNtz;Lk;. vd;d nryT vz;lhYk; guthapy;iy vdf;F ,z;ilf;F NtZk;. “ vd;whH. “Iah ,e;jg; gl;llapNy Ntiy nra;apwtd;> xU Fbfhug; guNjrp> mtDf;F Neufhyk; vz;L xz;Lk; ,Q;Nr ,y;iy. epidr;r Neuk; tUthd;> Nghthd;. thw Neuk; fz;L nfhs;s Ntz;baJjhd;. mtd; ,g;g vq;if vz;lhYk; Fbr;Rf; nfhz;L epw;ghd;.” nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl ikj;Jziug; gpbj;J mtidg;Ngha; vq;if epz;lhYk; gpbr;Rf; nfhz;L th vd;W irf;fpisAk; nfhLj;J mDg;gptpl mtDk; xU kzp Neuj;Jf;Fs; Misg; gpbj;J irf;fpspy; Vw;wpf; nfhz;L te;Jtpl;lhd;. “ jk;gp tp\aj;ij MUf;Fk; nrhy;yhjAq;Nfh! %z;lbapy xz;Lk;> ,uz;lbapy xz;Lkh nuz;L #yk; mbr;rhg; NghJk;. ehd; ,g;g mYtyh xUf;fhy; ey;Y}Uf;F Nghapl;L nuz;L> %z;L kzpf;fpilapNy te;jpLtd;” mtH nrd;W tpl;lhH. gl;llilapy; Ntiy ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.
7
#yKk; fhzpAk; Nf.lhdpay; nrhd;d fij.
Nghdt Iah cq KbQ;RJ # mtH if vy;yhk; g jpUg;jp. “v “xU vO nghf;w;wpy “ jk;gp c kpr;rj;ij nfhLq;Nf Jilj;J

#yKk; fhzpAk; Nf.lhdpay; nrhd;d fij.
zpiaj;
lhdpay; rpyUld; me;Neuk; ;Ns te;J fz;lJk; z;ilf;F ykb j;J vz;lhYk; ;ilf;F h ,e;jg; td;> xU Neufhyk; . epidr;r hw Neuk; d;. mtd; Fbr;Rf; nfhz;Nl dg;Ngha; ; nfhz;L nfhLj;J U kzp irf;fpspy; ;. “ jk;gp hjAq;Nfh! z;lbapy g; NghJk;. Uf;fhy; ;L> %z;L d;” mtH y; Ntiy
NghdtH jpUk;gp te;J tpl;lhH. “ Iah cq;fspd;u Ntiy vy;yhk; KbQ;RJ #yj;ij xUf;fh ghUq;Nfh!” mtH ifapNy vLj;J ePs mfyk; vy;yhk; ghHj;J tpl;lhH. kdJf;Fs; jpUg;jp. “vt;tsT jk;gp nuz;Lf;Fk;.” “xU vOgj;ije;J &gh tUk;.” nghf;w;wpypUe;J E}W &ghit vLj;J “ jk;gp cd;u fhir vLj;Jg; Nghl;L kpr;rj;ij gl;llilg; nghbadl;il nfhLq;Nfh.” lhdpay; #yq;fis Jilj;J Ngg;guhy; Rw;wpf; nfhLj;J
Xtpak; - nrse;jH
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tpl;L “ Iah ,e;j #yq;fs; VJk; Gjprh NfhapYf;F nfhLf;f NghwpaNsh? “jk;gp cdf;F vd;d tprNuh? ehd; Vd; NfhapYf;F nryT nra;J #yk; nfhLf;f NtZk;. xz;Lk; ,y;iyalh jk;gp> vd;u tPl;Lf;Fg; gf;fj;Nj xU vl;Lg; gug;Gf; fhzpj;Jz;L fplf;FJ. mij thq;f ,g;g gj;J tU\kh Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpwd;. Nfl;f Nfl;f fhzp vd;d Fl;bNah Nghlg; NghFJ. vz;L nrhy;ypr; nrhy;yp vd;idg; Ngf;fhl;bg;Nghl;L ,g;g MNuh XUj;jd; ntspehl;Lf; fg;gypNy Ntiy nra;JNghl;L te;jtDf;F tpf;fg; Nghwndz;L mtd;u ngz;by; nrhy;ypj;jhd; vdf;Fj; njhpAk;. vd;idj;jtpu NtW xUj;jid thq;f tpLtNd.” “mg;g ePq;fs; vd;d nra;ag;Nghwpas;?” “jk;gp me;jf; fhzpFs;s xU murkuKk; xU Gspa kuKk; VO vl;L gidAk; jhd; epw;FJ. ,z;ilf;F ,uT f;Fs ;Ns murkuj;Jf;F fPo ,e;j nuz;L #yq;fisAk; ,Wf;fg;Nghwd;. ghpahhp rpd;dj;jk;gpiaf; nfhz;L ,utpNy murpNy Nga;> gprhR FsW rj;jk;
8
NjhoHfNs! ehd;n flTs;ekgpfifffhu rhjpia xopffg;g vdwhy;mjpy;mwp czikNah ,Uff K ,yyhky;vggb rh ekgpfifffhud;xUt rhjpia xopffg;ghL vdW nrhyy KbAkh? kjkpyyhky tejJ? rh]jpu ekgpfifffhud;x
rhjpia xopffgghLgLfpNwd" vd KbAkh? rh]jpuk;,yyhky;vggb
­nghpahH­
fz;ljh cyhttpl tpl;lhy;> M thq;fg; N ,Lk;G nfh ey;iyaD #yq;fS lhdpaYk nfhz;lhH.
,uz;L tpl;ld. m te;jhH. “j ey;y Nti Ngrpd N Fiwr;Rj;j vOjpddhd nuz;L #y vdf;F. Mz;lti ey;yh ,Uf nrhj;jp ey
jfty ‐

NjhoHfNs! ehd;nrhyYfpNwd> lTs;ekgpfifffhud;xUtd;"ehd;
rhjpia xopffg;ghLgLfpNwd" vdwhy;mjpy;mwpTilikNah> czikNah ,Uff KbAkh? flTs; ,yyhky;vggb rhjp tejJ? kj kgpfifffhud;xUtd;" ehd; hjpia xopffg;ghLgLfpNwd" KbAkh? kjkpyyhky;vggb rhjp pu ekgpfifffhud;xUtd;"ehd; fgghLgLfpNwd" vdW nrhyy puk;,yyhky;vggb rhjp tejJ?
­nghpahH­
s; VJk; hwpaNsh? h? ehd; ;J #yk; y;iyalh j;Nj xU fplf;FJ. tU\kh d;. Nfl;f h Nghlg; ; nrhy;yp g;g MNuh y Ntiy tpf;fg; gz;by; njhpAk;. d thq;f ; vd;d p me;jf; xU Gspa d; epw;FJ. ;Fs ;Ns nuz;L d;. ghpahhp ,utpNy W rj;jk;
fz;ljha;> Nfl ;ljh fij cyhttpl;bl;ld;. #yj;ijAk; Fj;jp tpl;lhy;> Mulh jk;gp ,e;jf; fhzpia thq;fg; Nghwhd;. ,tDf;F vg;gpb ,Lk;G nfhLf;fpw njz;L ,e;j nrhj;jp ey;iyaDf;Fj; jhd;uh njhpAk;.” mtH #yq;fSld; Gwg;gl;Ltpl;lhH. lhdpaYk; kdJf;Fs; rphpj;Jf; nfhz;lhH.
,uz;L> %d;W khjq;fs; fope;J tpl;ld. mtH lhdpaiyr; re;jpf;f te;jhH. “jk;gp mbr;Rj; je;j #yk; ey;y Ntiy nra;J Nghl;Ljlh. mtd; Ngrpd Ngr;irtpl %thapuk; Fiwr;Rj;jhd; fhzpf;Ff; fhR nfhLj;J vOjpddhd;. xU E}W &gh rpyT> nuz;L #yk;>xU ,Wf;F> ,g;g fhzp vdf;F. jk;gp rpy ,lj;Jf;F Mz;ltid ghtpr;rhy;j;jhd; ehq;f ey;yh ,Uf;f KbAk;. mJ jhd;u ,e;j nrhj;jp ey;iyad;” vd;whuhk;.
jfty ‐ K.rp.fejrhkp
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N
år politikerne eller medierne nævner grupper af udlændinge i Danmark, der klarer sig godt, er det ikke tamilerne, de tænker på. Ofte er det nationaliteter som vietnamesere og borgere fra det tidligere Jugoslavien, de tænker på. Tamilernes succes bliver sjældent nævnt eller omtalt i danske medier. Integrationsministeriets årbog om udlændige fra 2004 viser faktisk, at tamilerne suverænt udgør den gruppe, der klarer sig bedst på arbejdsmarkedet. Der er mange årsager og forklaringer på, hvorfor det lykkes den tamilske befolkning i Danmark at få et varigt fodfæste på arbejdsmarkedet.
Årsager og forklaringer Flygtningehistorie og flybilletter
Den første gruppe af tamilere i Danmark begyndte at komme hertil for 15–19 år siden. De fleste af dem, som flygtede på det tidspunkt, var unge mænd. I frygt for at blive taget af militæret blev de sendt af sted væk fra Sri Lanka. På det tidspunkt var det ikke så besværligt at komme til vesten illegalt
9
Tamilernes integrationssucc
Fra Jaffna til Jyllinge.
Skrevet af Ramanan Balas
sammenlig som flygten i dag, og li flygte til, mange land På tamilern man helst v ikke højt. rejse til Dan at komme t var 5 ­ 10 g skulle flyg tamilere ha før. Derimo engelsktal England og de en fork sprog, som satsede værdigens engelsktale tamilere m der i første Beskæf beskæftiged
Erhver personer i

lernes integrationssucces i Danmark. Fra Jaffna til Jyllinge.
Skrevet af Ramanan Balasubramaniam
medierne ndinge i er det ikke fte er det esere og slavien, de ces bliver t i danske iets årbog faktisk, at n gruppe, markedet. aringer på, tamilske et varigt . laringer
ie og
amilere i e hertil for dem, som var unge e taget af ed væk fra ar det ikke ten illegalt
sammenlignet med de enorme risikoer, som flygtende mennesker bliver udsat for i dag, og listen over lande, man kunne flygte til, var stor den gang. Der var mange lande, man kunne vælge imellem. På tamilernes ønskeliste over de lande, man helst ville flygte til, stod Danmark ikke højt. Efterspørgslen efter illegal rejse til Danmark var så lav, at prisen for at komme til Danmark på det tidspunkt var 5 ­ 10 gange billigere, end hvis man skulle flygte til f.eks. Canada. Mange tamilere havde aldrig hørt om Danmark før. Derimod havde de fleste hørt om de engelsktalende lande som Canada, England og Australien. Desuden havde de en forkærlighed for det engelske sprog, som også medvirkede til, at mange satsede alle deres penge og værdigenstande for at komme til et engelsktalende land. Det betød, at det var tamilere med færre økonomiske midler, der i første omgang valgte Danmark.
Beskæfitgelsesfrekvens = antallet af beskæftigede i %
Erhvervsfrekvens= Antallet af personer i arbejdsstyrken. ( står til
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rådighed for arbejdsmarkedet)
Ifølge tabellen her har tamilske mænd den højeste beskæftigelsesgrad blandt alle mænd fra forskellige etniske grupper i Danmark. 69 % af tamilske mænd er beskæftigede.
Hvad angår tamilske kvinders beskæftigelse har 49 % arbejde. Næstefter jugoslaviske og vietnamesiske kvinder. De har en beskæftigelsesgrad på henholdsvis 50 % og 53 %.
Den anden forklaring, som man tit glemmer at tage med i analysen, er, at Sri Lanka er et udviklet uland. Selv om Sri Lanka defineres som et uland, er det et uland, der bruger enorme ressourcer på sin befolknings basisvelfærd såsom gratis skolevæsen, et offentligt finansieret
Tabel 6.2: Arbejdsmarkedstilknytning for 16­64.Årig indvandr udvalgte ­ Oprindelsesiande,pr.1.januar2003
Mænd
10
sundhedssy fødevarer. betydet, at a er væsentlig befolkninge har mindst måles i skrivefærdi Det, at tam udviklet u befolkninge har mindst e sig, kan ha tamilernes m danske arbe ***Tam udviklingsl og 88 % af både læse o

) lske mænd rad blandt ke grupper mænd er
kvinders arbejde. namesiske sesgrad på
m man tit sen, er, at d. Selv om and, er det ressourcer rd såsom finansieret
for 16­64.Årig indvandrere og efterkommere fordelt på r2003 Kvinder d
sundhedssystem og tilskud til basale fødevarer. Det har først og fremmest betydet, at antallet af fattige srilankanere er væsentligt reduceret, og en stor del af befolkningen kan både læse og skrive og har mindst 8 års skolegang. Det kan også måles i befolkningens læse­ og skrivefærdigheder og forventede levetid. Det, at tamilerne kommer fra et mellem udviklet uland, hvor flertallet af befolkningen kan læse og skrive, og alle har mindst en grundskoleuddannelse med sig, kan have haft en positiv effekt på tamilernes mulighed for at deltage på det danske arbejdsmarked.
***Tamilerne kommer fra et udviklet udviklingsland. Hele 94 % af mændene og 88 % af kvinderne i Sri Lanka kan både læse og skrive. I gennemsnitligt har
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en mand fra Sri Lanka haft mindst 8 års skolegang og en kvinde 6,5 års skolegang. Det højeste i hele Sydasien. Kilde. Human Development in South Asia. 2000****
Kulturel ydmyghed Der ligger også nogle kulturelle årsager bag, der påvirker tamilernes integration i den positive retning. De fleste tamilere har den holdning og indstilling, at de er gæster i Danmark, og de skal derfor opføre sig ordentligt. Derfor føler mange, at de skylder danskerne noget for den gæstfrihed, danskerne udviste dem i sin tid, da de begyndte at komme her. Ta k n em m el i g h ed overfor danskerne viser man ved at opføre sig pænt og ikke være alt for krævende og klagende.
De fokuserer på de muligheder, de har her i landet i stedet for at klage over barriererne.
Desuden er tamilerne omstillingsparate og har et individuelt og elastisk forhold til deres kultur og religion. Fraværet af monopoldannende hellige bøger og mangfoldigheden i hinduismen tillader, at alle og enhver kan sammenstrikke deres egen version af en hverdagsanvendelig hinduisme. Denne form for ”strik­din­egen­hinduisme”­ filosofi benytter mange tamilere sig af, og uden at de har dårlig samvittighed over, at de ikke er gode hinduer eller kristne. I praksis betyder det, at den enkelte tamiler tilpasser sig sin religion
11
og udøvelse og mulighe spise kød religiøs va mange hind omlagt d problemer Ligeledes pædagog, tamilske ba servere kød Selv børn af kød og alko
sad og drak Børnene v spise, opdag var så mang troede, der v i og med fredagen. P ham, at klo Sri Lanka, og derfor spise det læ spisebordet minutter, i grillet kyllin ris. Det er hvordan in

indst 8 års 6,5 års Sydasien. t in South
kulturelle amilernes tning. De ldning og nmark, og rdentligt.
age over
amilerne ividuelt og kultur og ldannende igheden i enhver kan rsion af en e. Denne nduisme”­ lere sig af, vittighed duer eller et, at den in religion
og udøvelsen af denne efter sit eget behov og muligheder. At faste eller undgå at spise kød om fredagen er en almen religiøs vane og ritual i Sri Lanka for mange hinduistiske tamilere. Mange har omlagt den vane/tradition uden problemer og er begyndt at spise kød. Ligeledes er det sjældent at finde en pædagog, der har fået at vide af det tamilske barns forældre, at de ikke måtte servere kød om fredagen for deres børn. Selv børn af hinduistiske præster indtager kød og alkohol, hvilket vil være en stor
skandale i Sri Lanka.
Hos en af mine tamilske bekendte overværede jeg en handling, der klart illustrerer, hvordan den enkelte tamiler vender og drejer ritualerne og religiøse handlinger til egen fordel. Jeg var inviteret hjem til min bekendt sammen med nogle andre venner, og vi sad og drak alkohol til langt ud på natten. Børnene var lagt i seng. Da vi skulle spise, opdagede min bekendte, at der ikke var så mange vegetariske retter, som han troede, der ville være. Det var et problem, i og med han ikke spiste kød om fredagen. Pludselig fortalte hans kone ham, at klokken jo var to om morgen i Sri Lanka, og det var blevet lørdag dér, og derfor kunne han uden problemer spise det lækre kød, som allerede var på spisebordet. Der gik ikke mere end to minutter, inden han begyndte at nyde grillet kylling og lammekødskarryen med ris. Det er et tydeligt eksempel på, hvordan individer indgår acceptable
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kompromiser med sig selv, deres religion og kultur.
Tamilernes evne til at personliggøre deres baggrund, kultur og religion har helt sikkert været med til at lette integrationen for den enkelte tamiler. Det, at de kan vende og dreje deres religiøse praksis til fordel for dem selv, betyder, at de både kan være troende og deltage aktiv på arbejdsmarkedet, uden at føle de mister noget.
Kulturen og religionen og den måde, mennesker vælger at udøve den, har en indflydelse på vores hverdagsliv herunder deltagelse på arbejdsmarkedet. Tamilerne har med deres evne til at tilpasse sig de nye forhold hurtigt vist, at det godt kan lade sig gøre.
Tamilerne udviser stor tilpasningsdygtighed. Det er ret sjældent, tamilske kvinder går med lange bukser i Sri Lanka. Kvindernes foretrukne hverdagstøj er nederdele eller sari. Unge piger går med punjabi tøj. Efter at være immigreret til de vestlige lande, går de fleste kvinder med bukser og bluse. Den traditionelle tamilske sari er blevet begrænset til bryllupper og andre festlige arrangementer.
Forsørgelsesansvaret Tamilernes kulturbestemte forsørgelsespligt og ansvar kan også have haft en betydning for, hvorfor tamilerne var ret hurtige til at komme ud på arbejdsmarkedet.
Mange tamilere har stor forpligtelses­ og ansvarsfølelse over for deres nære slægtninge. Hvis deres nærmeste familie
12
boede i Sri tvunget elle Denne fr kulturbeste betyder ofte penge til de Det kan væ kan have p finde et job
Gennem mand omkr Mænd fra J
ligger på gennemsni Jugoslavien gennemsni end tamilsk
njhlHe;J rpw;wpyf;fp njhlHGfS ky;ypif 201­1/4 rpwpf nfhOk;G ­ ,yq;if.

es religion
sonliggøre ligion har l at lette miler. Det, s religiøse v, betyder, og deltage en at føle
stor t sjældent, ge bukser i retrukne sari. Unge ter at være de, går de bluse. Den er blevet dre festlige
amilernes spligt og betydning hurtige til edet. rpligtelses­ eres nære ste familie
boede i Sri Lanka, har de følt et ansvar, tvunget eller frivilligt, for at hjælpe dem. Denne frivillige eller ufrivillige kulturbestemte ansvarsfølelse og kravet betyder ofte, at de regelmæssigt sender penge til deres slægtninge i Sri Lanka. Det kan være, at denne forsørgelsespligt kan have presset nogle tamilere til at finde et job hurtigere.
Gennemsnitligt tjener en tamilsk mand omkring 193.027,00 kr. om året. Mænd fra Jugoslavien tjener 197.196,00 kr. Hvad angår indkomst ligger tamilske mænd på en anden plads blandt alle indvandre­ og flygtninge mænd.
Tamilske kvinder i år 2002 tjente g e n n e m s n i t l i g t 144.213,00 kr.
Tamilske kvinder ligger på en fjerdeplads med deres gennemsnitlige indkomst. Kvinder fra Jugoslavien, Vietnam og Tyrkiet har en gennemsnitlig indkomst, der er højere end tamilske kvinders.
(fortsættelse følger...)
njhlHe;J ntsptUk; rpw;wpyf;fpa VL njhlHGfSf;F: ky;ypif 201­1/4 rpwpfjpNurd; tPjp nfhOk;G ­ 13 ,yq;if.
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pd; epue;ju q;fspy; j;jpypUe;J xg;gid pj;Jthd; skbf;f f ,q;F ;zhtpahh; pU];zd; ,irf;f> hl;Lg;ghl> elf;Fk;. ; jf;Nfrp> > nghd;dp> ; nfhz;Nl ; fh;ehlf ;nfhz;L huzkhf hk;Nghjp ;jpakhtjp. ;zhtpahh; w;Fzk; f; $Wthh; tUila pd;wtd;. ;jpyfk; htpahh; o;thug;gh ;fPjj;jpYk;
ghz;bj;jpak; cs;sth;fshth;. mz;zhtpahh; Nf.tp.ew;Fzk; mth;fs; rpwe;j MRftpAkhthh;. ,th; Mapuf;fzf;fhd fy;ntl;Lf;fis (me;jpNal;b epidTkyh;) ahj;Jk; ghbAk; cs;shh;.
$j;J muq;Nfw;wk; fhz;gjw;F %d;W ehd;F khjq;fSf;F Kd;Ng mjw;fhd gapw;rpfs; njhlq;fg; gl;LtpLk;. gapw;rpf; fhyq;fspy; Xt;nthUehSk; khiy Neuq;fspy; gapw;rp elf;Fk;. xt;nthU fiyQUk; Mba ghj;jpuj;jpid mLj;j jiyKiwapy; mtuJ kfd; my;yJ mtuJ neUq;fpa cwTf;fhuh; MLthh;. gapw;rpf;fhyq;fspy; Ke;jpa jiyKiwapy; Mba fiyQh;fs; mz;zhtpahhpd; mDkjpAld; mLj;j jiyKiwapy; MLk; fiyQUf;F xj;jhirahf ,Ug;ghh;. rhpahfr; nrhy;tjhdhy; $j;jpNy ghj;jpuk; vd;w gjk; ghtpg;gjpy;iy Ntrk; fl;Ljy; vd;Nw $Wthh;fs;. xUjiyKiw gapd;W muq;Nfhw;wk; fz;lhy; njhlh;e;J VO Chpy; VO fsk; mikj;J MbNa Xa;thh;fs;. mg;gb VO fsk; fz;L MlhJ Nghdhy; jiyikf;fhu (fjhehafd;) Ntrk; fl;batUf;F VjhtJ jPJ Neh;e;JtpLk; vd;gij Xh; IjPfkhf ,th;fs; ek;gpdhh;fs;. ehd; mwpe;j tiu fd;nghy;iyf; fpuhkj;jpYs;s nry;yprPkhd; KUfd; Myaj;jpYk;> mt;T+hpNyAs;s rfhNjtd; FbapUg;G Qhdituth; Myaj;jpYk;> ney;yz;ilmk;kd; NfhtpypYk;> tjphpapYk;> khjidapYk;> gUj;jpj;Jiw Nfhl;lb mk;kd; NfhtpypYk;> funtl;b mj;JO mk;kd; NfhtpypYk; ,th;fshy; Mlg;gl;L ~~G+jj;jk;gp|| ehl;Lf;$j;J fsk; fz;lJ. tlkuhl;rp funtl;bNkw;F
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fd;nghy;iyf; fpuhkj;jpy; epidtpy; epw;Fk; ,e;j cahpa mz;zhtpkhh; ahUk; ,d;W capUld; ,y;iy. ,Ue;jNghJk; ,e;ehl;Lf; $j;NjhL njhlh;Gila fhtb> fufhl;lk; Nghd;w fiytbtq;fs; ,d;Wk; ,t;T+hpy; Ngzg;gl;L tUtijf; fhzyhk;. mj;NjhL ,d;Wk; ,t;T+h; fiyQh;fsplk; fhj;jhd; $j;J tho;e;J tUfpwJ. Mde;jf;fhtb my;yJ Ml;lf; fhtb vd;W ,f;fpuhk kf;fshy; miof;fg;gLk; fhtbf; fiy ,f;fpuhk kf;fSf;Nf chpa jdpj;Jtkhd fiytbtkhFk;. mz;zhtpahh; fhj;jpag;ghTk;> mz;zhtpahh; Mo;thug;ghTk; ,f;fiyapy; tpw;gz;zh;fshth;. ,f;fd;nghy;iyf; fpuhkj;jpy; ,Ue;J Fbngah;e;J MidapwT cg;gsj;jpy; xU gFjp kf;fs; tho;e;J tUfpwhh;fs;. (mJ aho;g;ghzj;J epyTlikr; rKjhaj;jpd; nfhba tuyhW. mjid gpwpnjhU fl;Liuapy; tpghpf;fyhk;.) mq;Fk;
16
,t;thl;l mz;zht Ngzpf;fhj xt;nth nry;tr;re jpd;NghJk Nfhtpy; c Ml;lKk;> tUfpwJ. nfhbNaw zhtpkhhpd Neuk; ga ilkhdhW Nfhtpy; Nj fd;nghy;i nry;yprPkh mt;T+hpNy Qhditut Ml;lk;> fu eilngWk vd mio Fj;Jkpjpj vdg; gy

epidtpy; ;zhtpkhh; ,y;iy. $j;NjhL k; Nghd;w ,t;T+hpy; hzyhk;. ,t;T+h; ; tho;e;J my;yJ kf;fshy; ,f;fpuhk ;Jtkhd htpahh; htpahh; iyapy; ghy;iyf; ngah;e;J U gFjp s;. (mJ jhaj;jpd; gpwpnjhU mq;Fk;
,t;thl;lf;fhtbf; fiyapid mz;zhtpahh; muhth; mth;fs; Ngzpf;fhj;J te;jhh;.
xt;nthU tUlKk; njhz;lkhdhW nry;tr;re;epjp Nfhtpy; cw;rtj;- jpd;NghJk; gUj;jpj;Jiw ty;ypGuf; Nfhtpy; cw;rtj;jpd;NghJk; ,f;fhtb Ml;lKk;> fufhl;lKk; Mlg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,f;Nfhtpy; cw;rtq;fspd; nfhbNaw;wj;jpd; md;W ,t;tz;- zhtpkhhpd; tPl;L Kw;wj;jpy; khiy Neuk; gapw;rp Muk;gkhFk;. njhz;- ilkhdhW nry;tr;re;epjp> ty;ypguf; Nfhtpy; Njh;j;jpUtpohtpd; md;W khiy fd;nghy;iy fpuhkj;jpy; mike;Js;s nry;yprPkhd; KUfd; Myaj;jpYk;> mt;T+hpNyAs;s rfhNjtd; FbapUg;G Qhdituth; Myaj;jpYk; ,f;fhtb Ml;lk;> fufhl;lj;jpw;fhd nts;Nshl;lk; eilngWk;. ,jid ryq;if fl;ly; vd miog;ghh;fs;. fhtbahl;lj;jpy; Fj;Jkpjpj;jy;> Nfhyhl;lk;> fg;gyhl;lk; vdg; gytifg;gl;l Ml;lq;fs;
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Page 17
Mlg;gLk;. kpUjq;fk;> Mh;Nkhdpak;> Nlhy;fp Nghd;w ,irf;fUtpfs; ,irf;fg;gl mz;zhtpahh; ghb jhsj;jpid ifapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L Ml;lj;jpid elj;Jthh;. gf;fg;ghl;Lf;fhuh;fs; ghl;birg;ghh;fs;. ,isQh;fSk;> rpWth;fSk; fhtbapid Njhspy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L jhsj;jpw;;fika gk;gukhf MLthh;fs;. mLj;j ehs; fhiyapy; nry;yprPkhd; KUfd; Myaj;jpYk;> rfhNjtd; FbapUg;G Qhdituth; Myaj;jpYk;> Ml;lk; Muk;gkhfp ney;ypabr; re;jp> khypre;jp> Gwhg;nghWf;fpr; re;jp Mfpa ,lq;fspy; Ml;lk; fz;L nry;tr; re;epjp KUfd; Myaj;jpNyh my;yJ ty;YpGuf;NfhtpypNyh Ml;lk; Kw;Wg;ngWk;. fufhl;lj;jpd;NghJ cLf;Fk;> jhsKk; gpujhd ,irf;fUtpfshf ,irf;fg;gLk;.
~~Xuhd f cikahs ghlYld kq;fsg;ghl
,d;W rhh;e;Jk; tbtq;fi ,f;fiyt GJg;gpj;jy rfhg;jq;f jhbfspd; fUiz|| cjhuzk fpuhkj;J mq;F Fwpg;gplj;j
(gjpTfs; ,J
Ntrq;fs; (ghj;jpuk;) Ntrk;fl;bNa 1)G+jj;jk;gp (G+jd;) ty;yp. jq;fuh jiyKiwapy ty;yp G+jd; g fl;bapUe;jhh;) 2)kq;fpypaehr;rp (g+jdpd; kidtp) mUr;Rzh;. % 3)mofty;yp (G+jdpd; jq;if(Njhop)) rpq;fh;;. jk;ig 4)nrhf;fd; (G+jdpd; kfd;) jq;fuhrh.jq;f 5) mofty;ypapd; mz;zd; fWty; #uh; 6);me;jpuhR Kd; me;jpuhR
me;jpuhR :- M 7)aho;g;ghzj;J ml;kpuhy; mKy;uhrd; fd;idah;. F 8)Nfhl;ilmurd; (Nkhl;Luhrh) KUfd;. rpd;d 9)fl;bafhud; khzpf;fk;. nr 10)nrl;bahh; fzgjp. fWt 11)giwrhw;WNthd; & Nfhkhsp (gG+d;) rpj;jd;. jUkd 12Nrtfh;fs; 1)fe;ijah K 13) rpd;dyhe;NjR fWty;. rz;K (G+jdpd; Njhod; nts;isf;fhuj;Jiu) jiyKiwapy
fWty; ,g; g fl;bapUe;jhh;) 14)fz;bmurd; rpd;dj;jk;gp ,
fpuhkj;jpy; t mz;zhtpahh
17

khdpak;> Utpfs; hh; ghb ; nfhz;L ;Jthh;. g;ghh;fs;. h;fSk; ; nfhz;L Lthh;fs;. ;yprPkhd; fhNjtd; j;jpYk;> br; re;jp> ;jp Mfpa nry;tr; my;yJ Ml;lk; pd;NghJ gpujhd ;fg;gLk;.
~~Xuhd fz;Nz fz;Nz> vq;fs; cikahs; ngw;w ghyhfNd|| vd;w ghlYld; fufhl;lk; Muk;gkhfp kq;fsg;ghl;Lld; Ml;lk; epiwTngWk;. ,d;W jkpo; rhh;e;Jk; jkpo;f;fiy rhh;e;Jk; ciog;Nghh;. ,f;fiy tbtq;fis Ngzpf;fhg;gJld; ,f;fiytbtq;fspD}Nl jkpiog; GJg;gpj;jy; jFk;. ,jw;F fle;j rpy rfhg;jq;fspy; ney;ypab mk;gyj;- jhbfspd; fhj;jhd; ghzpir ~~fe;jd; fUiz|| ehlfk; ey;ynjhU cjhuzkhf mikAk;. fd;nghy;iyf; fpuhkj;J fiyQh;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk; mq;F nrwpe;jpUe;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
(gjpTfs;,izajjsjjpYk;
,J ntspahdJ)
Ntrk;fl;bNahh; (ebfh;fs;) tpguk;. ty;yp. jq;fuhrh (,tUf;F Kjy;j; jiyKiwapy; ,tuJ jfg;gd; Ntyd;. ty;yp G+jd; ghj;jpuj;jpw;F Ntrk; fl;bapUe;jhh;) dtp) mUr;Rzh;. %j;jhd;. jhop)) rpq;fh;;. jk;igah
jq;fuhrh.jq;fuhzp fWty; #uh; Kd; me;jpuhR :- rpd;dg;nghb ,uj;jpdk;.gpd; me;jpuhR :- MWKfk; fe;jg;G. y;uhrd; fd;idah;. FUf;fs;. KUfd;. rpd;dj;Jiu khzpf;fk;. nry;iyah fzgjp. fWty; (gG+d;) rpj;jd;. jUkd;
1)fe;ijah KUFg;gps;is2)ty;yp. fzgjp fWty;. rz;Kfk;(,tUf;F Kjy;j; uj;Jiu) jiyKiwapy; ,tuJ jfg;gd; G+rhhp
fWty; ,g; ghj;jpuj;jpw;F Ntrk; fl;bapUe;jhh;) rpd;dj;jk;gp ,uhrd;(fd;nghy;iyf; fpuhkj;jpy; tho;e;j ehl;Lf;$j;J mz;zhtpahh;fspy; xUth;)
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18
Til mit ufødte barn
Sathya Sat
Mine forældre har en forvrænget holdning til De er gammeldags...primitive...alt for konse men jeg må indrømme min søster har mere mo hun tager de emner op med dem...som jeg tæn Mine forældre er en generation. Jeg er en anden. Min søster er en tredje.
Sidst ­ Søster: mor hva’ synes du om en abort? Mor: det er modbydeligt, ingen har ret til at sl Det er mod guds vilje. Far: en abort er de unges løsning på deres umo Et misbrugt påfund. Søster: hva’ mener du? Far: det kan jeg ikke forklare... Mor: skal vi ikke skifte emne... Jeg tænker; jeg er bestemt imod abort, Hvad mine forældre tænker og siger, er sikker

Til mit ufødte barn
Sathya Sathyadas
forvrænget holdning til alt, primitive...alt for konservative, e min søster har mere mod end mig, p med dem...som jeg tænker på. generation.
je.
es du om en abort?
ligt, ingen har ret til at slå et barn ihjel! e.
ges løsning på deres umodne handling.
u?
forklare... fte emne... stemt imod abort, tænker og siger, er sikkert rigtigt!
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Page 19
Til mit ufødte barn, Jeg kan tilbyde:
­ en luft der kvæler dig i udslip af forure
ikke kender formler for... ­ hvis du er pige, ville du måske i østen
med forgiftet mælk... ­ hvis du er barn i vesten ville du blive o
omsorgssvigt, skilsmisse... ­ en verden hvor en pige ikke engang ka
bror eller onkel pga. incest... ­ bliver du mørk vil folk der er lysere ha ­ et liv, hvor du kan vente dig at blive ga
forladt af børnene... ­ nogle steder vil dyrene blive behandlet
bedste ven og andre steder som forlyste karakter ­ en verden hvor mange er fattige og få r ­ en verden, hvor man har mere end en g hvilket er til mere skade end gavn... ­ en hverdag hvor pengene styrer menne
omvendt... ­ et liv hvor man bruger mere tid på mob
computeren end det menneske der står en... ­ en hverdag hvor man ikke har plads no
fængsler til de mange kriminelle ­ ...
Nu ­ Jeg tænker, Folk har en grund til abort...jeg har tusind. Tilgiv mig, mit ufødte barn...ufødte...
19

æler dig i udslip af forurenede gasser, jeg ormler for... e, ville du måske i østen blive slået ihjel mælk... n i vesten ville du blive offer for
skilsmisse... r en pige ikke engang kan stole på sin far, el pga. incest... k vil folk der er lysere hakke ned på dig...
kan vente dig at blive gammel alene, nene...
il dyrene blive behandlet som menneskets andre steder som forlystelse af enhver
r mange er fattige og få rige or man har mere end en gud og en religion,
ere skade end gavn... or pengene styrer mennesket og ikke
n bruger mere tid på mobilen og nd det menneske der står lige ved siden af
or man ikke har plads nok i landets e mange kriminelle
abort...jeg har tusind. barn...ufødte...
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Page 20
n[
h;kdpa khf;rpathjpfshy; kannibalen bibel (kdpjkhkprk; Grpg;Nghhpd; Ntjk;) vdg;gl;l `pl;yhpd; ~~vdJ Nghuhl;lk;|| “ mein kampf” E}y; kNyrpa Nfhyhyk;G+iur; Nrh;e;j Rg;gpukzpak; vd;gtuhy; nkhopngah;f;- fg;gl;L nrd;id rhe;jp gjpg;gfj;jhy; mr;rpl;L ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; kdpj tpNuhj gil g;G vd;W f le;j miu E}w;whz;Lf;Fk; Nkyhf jil nra;ag;gl;l Gjpa ehrpfs; kj;jpapy; kl;LNk ufrpakha; cyhTk; xU ntspaPL> jkpopy; JzpNthLk>; ngUikAlDk;> ghrprpaf; fUj;Jf;fis Rke;J te;Js;sJ. fle;j gj;J tUlq;fspy; INuhg;ghtpYk;> mnkhpf;- fhtpYk; Gjpa ehrpfSk; ghrprf; fUj;Jf;fSk; gykile;J tUk; Ntisapy; ,e;jpahtpy; ,e;Jrkak; rhh;e;j ghrprr; rpe;jidfs; nropj;J tUk;nghOjpy; ,e;j Gj;jfk; ntspte;- jpUf;fpwJ. ,ij jw;nray;fspd; jw;nray; VNjh tpgj;jhy; vk;jiy kPJk; jkpo;kPJk; nghwpe;Js;sJ vd ek;gpapUf;f ,lkpy;iy. nfhba kdpj tpN uhjp fSk; ngha;ah;f Sk; kdpjehfhpf rpijg;ghsh;fSkhd ehrpfspd; Ntjk; fUj;jpay; topfhl;b.. Rg;gpukzpaj;Jf;F khngUk; kdpjf; ftdj;Jf;Fk;> murpay; fz;nlLg;- Gf;Fk;> gpukpg;Gf;Fk; chpajhfptpLfpwJ. `pl;yhpd; vOj;J kdpjk; Nkyhd
20
`pl;yhpd “vdJ Nghuhl E}y; Nkyhd tpk
­jkpourd; (n[h;k
mtkjpg;G rpe;jidfs njy;yhk fpl;ltpy;i ,dntwpa ||vd;Di Rg;gpukzp jnkhop> vd;gtw;Nw fg;gl;Ls;s nfhk;A+dpr eQ;Rfs; m Fiwf;fg;g G+uzkw;w xg;gilf;f nra;jJld vOj;Jf;fl ghrprj;ijA xU Kd;D tpkh;rdk;> njhlh;gw;w nfsutK kdpjFyj VNjhTs;s nra;a Ka
Mhpag FWfpa ` kdpjFyk rpe;jida fUj;Nj Muhjpj;J Rg;gpukz NgRfpwJ.

`pl;yhpd; “vdJ Nghuhl;lk;”
}y; Nkyhd tpkh;rdk;
­jkpourd; (n[h;kdp)
mtkjpg;G MNuhf;fpa murpay; rpe;jidfs; Nkyhd jhf;Fjy; vd;g- njy;yhk; mthpd; NguwpTf;F fpl;ltpy;iy. fplyh; vd;w ghrpr ,dntwpadpd; kdr;rpijT E}yhd ||vd;Dil a Nghu hl;lk ;|| Rg;gpukzpaj;jpd; fhytof;nfhope;- jnkhop> caphpoe;j Xl;lkw;weil vd;gtw;NwhL vk;kplk; xg;gilf;- fg;gl;Ls;sJ. `pl;yhpd; vOj;jpYs;s nfhk;A+dprk;> a+jh; Nkyhd ghrpr eQ;Rfs; mtuhy; fLikAk;> jPtpuKk; Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL nkhopngah;g;Gk; G+uzkw;w Nfhzj;jpy; vk;Kd; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nkhopkhw;wk; nra;jJld; kl;Lk; Rg;gpukzpak; jd; vOj;Jf;flid Kbj;Jf;nfhs;shky; ghrprj;ijAk;> `pl;yiuAk; Gfo;e;Njw;wp xU Kd;DiuAk; toq;fpAs;shh;. tpkh;rdk;> tuyhw;Wzh;T ,itfNshL njhlh;gw;w cah;e;j kjpg;GiuAk>; nfsutKk; `pl;yUf;F nfhLj;J kdpjFyj;Jf;F toq;f `pl;yhplk; VNjhTs;sJ vd;w rpe;ijia ep&gzk; nra;a Kad;Ws;shh;.
Mhpag; ngUikAk; cah;Ts; FWfpa `pl;yhpd; ghrpr vOj;ij kdpjFyk; fw;Wj;Njw Ntz;ba rpe;jidahf n[h;kdpa Nkyhz;ikf; fUj;Nj rfy kf;fspdq;fSk; Muhjpj;J G+z;nlhOfj;jf;fjha; Rg;gpukzpaj;jpd; vOj;Jg;gilay; NgRfpwJ. `pl;yh; Kjy; ,d;iwa
hjpfshy; khkprk; `pl;yhpd; pf” E}y; ; Nrh;e;j opngah;f;- g;gfj;jhy; ;Ls;sJ. tpNuhj miu f jil kj;jpapy; Tk; xU pNthLk>; j;Jf;fis ;j gj;J mnkhpf;- ; ghrprf; ;J tUk; e;Jrkak; ; nropj;J ; ntspte;- ay;fspd; vk;jiy ;sJ vd ba kdpj h;f Sk; ;fSkhd topfhl;b.. ; kdpjf; z;nlLg;- ptpLfpwJ. ; Nkyhd
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Page 21
Gjpa ehrpfs; tiu ,e;E}iy MhpaUf;F kl;LNk Kf;fpakha; n[h;kdpa cah; ,dj;jpd; ngUikf;fhdJ vd;W fUtJNjhL Mrpah> Mgphpf;fh> yj;jPd;mnkhpf;f G+h;tFbfs; vd;NghUk; fpof;F INu hg;gp a ,dk;fSk ;$l mbiknfhs;sg;gl;L mopf;fg;gl Ntz;bath;fshfNt fUjpdh;. nraw;gl;ldh;. ,e;jpah;fis `pl;yh; kjpj;jNj fpilahJ. Mhpauhd gphpl;b];fhuh; mth;fis mlf;fp
Ms;tJ nghUj;jkhdJ vd;Nw mtd; fUjpdhd;. ,e;jpaiu mtd; rhjhuz Mhpag;gphptpDs; $l xg;Gf;nfhs;- stpy;iy vd;gJk; mtdhy; fPo; epiyapYs;s Mhpauha; fUjg;gl;l rpe;jp> Nuhk ,d kf;fs;$l G+z;NlhL mopf;fg;gl;ldh;. tuyhW mg;ggb ,Uf;f ,e;jpah;fSk; ,e;jpahTk; `pl;yhplk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;bait cz;L vd;fpwhh; Rg;gpukzpk;>
21
,thplKs ,tUs;Ns kNyrpaht ntw p> [dehafj fhuzk; Nerpg;gnjd rf;jpahy; fUj;J ,u 50 kpy;ypa fhu zkh Rg;gpukzpa itf;ftpy Kbahj rpe;jpj;J vO kdpjuhf kpy;ypad caph;fis nrhy;ypy; Gjpa eh jiyth>; k ,Uf;ifa topapy; neQ;Rila tifapy; fhl;Lfpd;w n[h;kdpa fzf;fpLk Mz;il 2 zpak; ` ,dj;ij vd;gijNa KOkdpjF KbAnkd ghoile;j ,tiu xU vOj;jhs kdpjg;gpwt khdplg; g tpUk;ghd;.
`pl;yh vOjpath

e;E}iy ;fpakha; dj;jpd; tJNjhL ;mnkhpf;f fpof;F Sk ;$l pf;fg;gl Ujpdh;. `pl;yh; hpauhd mlf;fp
;Nw mtd; ; rhjhuz ;Gf;nfhs;- hy; fPo; Ujg;gl;l G+z;NlhL mg;ggb e;jpahTk; z;bait pukzpk;>
,thplKs;s ghrpr Jh;ehw;wj;Jf;F ,tUs;Ns rPtpf;Fk; ,e;J Mj;kh kNyrpahtpYs;s nfhk;A+dpr vjph;g;G ntw p> rhjhuz Kjyhspa [dehafj;Jld; $l cwtw;w epiy@ fhuzk; vdyhk;. ||caph;fis Nerpg;gnjd;gJ kdpjh;fspd; fw;gdh rf;jpahy; cUthdJ|| vd;w `pl;yhpd; fUj;J ,uz;lhtJ cyf Aj;jj;jpy; 50 kpy;ypad; kf;fspd; kuzj;Jf;F fhu zkhdJ vd;w cz ;ik Rg;gpukzpaj;jpd; gFj;jwpit jpLf;fpl itf;ftpy;iy. ||kdpjk;|| vd;W rpe;jpf;f Kbahj xUehrp NghyNt mth; rpe;jpj;J vOJfpwhh;. `pl;yiu khngUk; kdpjuhf fl;likg;gth>; mopgl;l kpy;ypad; fzf ;fhd A+j caph;fisg;gw;wp Kd;Diuapy; xU nrhy;ypy; $l ,uf;fk; fhl;ltpy;iy. Gjpa ehrpfs; ,d;W `pl;yiu:- jiyth>; khkdpjh; vd;W ghbf;nfhz;L ,Uf;ifapy; Rg;gpukzpaKk; mNj topapy; ||tPuGUrd;|| ||mQ;rh neQ;Rilahd;|| vd;W mjprag;gljf;f tifapy; jd; ghrpr czh;itf; fhl;Lfpd;whh;. Kd;Diu ,Wjpapy; n[h;kdpa ghrp];Lfspd; Mz;L fzf;fpLk; Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wp 2001 Mz;il 2603 vdf;Fwpf;Fk; Rg;gpuk- zpak; `pl;yh; vt;thW KOkdpj ,dj;ijNa fhag;gLj;jpdhd; vd;gijNah> ghrprj;jpd; ntw;wp vd;gJ KOkdpjFy ehfhPfj;jpd; Njhy;tpahf KbAnkd;gijNah kjpg;gpl Kbahj ghoile;j kdpjuhf vk;Kd; epw;fpwhh;. ,tiu xU nkhopngah;g;ghsuhfNth! vOj;jhsuhfNth! Vd; rhjhuz kdpjg;gpwtpahff; $l mq;fPfhpf;f ve;j khdplg; ghh;it nfhz;l kdpjDk; tpUk;ghd;.
`pl;yhpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw vOjpath;fshd vgh;fhl; Naf;fy;
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(Eberhard Jåekel) nty;fhq; & (Welfgang Ruge) nrg];bahd; $t;dh; (Sebastien Huffner) Nahfpk; ng];w; (Joachim Fest) ,th;fNs hL ,Wjpahf `pl;yhpd; rhpjpia vOjpAs;s $h;l; gl;Nrhy; (Kurt Påtzold) khd;gpud;l; it]; Ngf;fh; (Manfred Weissbcker) cl;gl gyjug;gl;l kjpg;gPLfs; ,Ue;jNghJk; ,it Mjhpg;G> ghuhl;- Lfisf; fle;J tpkh;rd kjpg;gPLfSf;F cl;gl;L vOjpath;fs;. 1938y; `pl;yh; Fz;Lj;jhf;Fjypy; ,we;jpUe;jhy; n[h;kdpapd; kpfg; ngUk;jiytdhf gp];khh;f; thpirf;F cah;j;jg;gl;L ,Ug;ghd; vd;W Nahfpk; ng];w; (Joachim Fest) Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ghrprj;ij khf;rpa ,af;fq;fspd; vjph;tpid vd;gth;fSk; ghrprj;ijAk; Nrhryprrpe;jidiaAk; rkg;gLj;jptpLk; Kjyhspj;Jt rPh;jpUj;jthjg; Gdpjh;fSk; cs;sdh;. ghrprj;jpd; Nguopit ||kdpjFyk; jd;idj;jhNd mopj;Jf;nfhs;s vLj;Jf;nfhz;l Kaw;rpahf rfyijAk; rfykdpjh; jiykPJk; Rkj;jptpl;Lf; fjWk; mtek;- gpf;ifthjpfSk;; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. jkpo;g; gug;gpy; ghrpr tprf;fpUkpiag; gug;Gk; kdpj mopTf; Nfhl;ghl;il ghp e;Ji u nra ;Ak; mw;gthj kpifTzh;Tld; tUk; Rg;gpukzpaj;ij mthpd; ,e;J ghrpr cs;Szh;itAk; fz;lwptJ mtrpak;. vdJ Nghuhl;lk; E}ypd; gpd;Gyq;fs;. vJtpj murpay; r%fj;jFjpAkw;w miye;J jphpAk; ,yf;fw;wtdhd `pl;yUf;F 1914 Mz;bd; KjyhtJ cyfAj;jk; n[h;kdpa ,uhZt tPud;
22
nfhz;ld. fj;Njhypf tpkh;rdr;Rj vd;w NghfF ,Ue;jhd;. fl;lisf;F tho;T ,i ,Ue;jJ. Mz;by; , DAPapy; ,af;fq;fs muR cs Ntiyapy groschen j ehzaj;J vd;W mi vjpuha; gpd mjpfhhpfS ifJ nra fhyj;jpNy vOJ k; njhlq;fg;g gahd; (Be 1924 fhyj khf;rpath Mapuf;fz Kf;fpa 20

jpath;fs;. f;Fjypy; pd; kpfg; thpirf;F Nahfpk; ;gpLfpwhh;. ;fq;fspd; prj;ijAk; Lj;jptpLk; ;jthjg; hrprj;jpd; dj;jhNd ;nfhz;l fykdpjh; k; mtek;- d;whh;fs;. pUkpiag; hl;ghl;il w;gthj zpaj;ij h;itAk;
;Gyq;fs;. FjpAkw;w w;wtdhd jyhtJ t tPud;
vd;w milahsj;ij ngw;Wj; je;jJ. mtd; Aj;jKidapy; ve;jr; rhjidAk; gilj;Jtpl tpy;iy. Mdhy; n[h;kdpa ,uhZtj;jpd; ghrpr Mf;fpukpg;Gf; fUj;Jf;fNs mtdJ m u r p a y ; m bg;gil a ha p w ;W . ,jD ld; m tdJ ehNlhb tho;f;ifAs; nghWf;fpf; nfhz;l n[h;kdpa Njrpathjg; ngUikfSk; Nrh;e;J nfhz;ld. X];jphpahtpd; gioikthj fj;Njhypf;f tho;tpaypd; ngWNgwhf tpkh;rdr;Rje;jpuk;> jdpkdpjf;fUj;jpay; vd;w Nghf;Ffis fz;lwpahjtdhfNt ,Ue;jhd;. mtdJ tho;tpd; njhlf;fk; fl;lisf;Fg; gzpjy;> Vty;kdpjdpd; tho;T ,itfspy;jhd; gapw;wg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ. Aj;jk; Kbtile;J 1919k; Mz;by; ,td; jPtpu ghrprf; fl;rpahd DAPapy; NrUKd;G njhopyhsh; ,af;fq;fs;> mjd; jiyth;fs; gw;wp muR csTj;Jiwf;F jfty; jUk; Ntiyapy; > Acht groschen junge >> (vl;L FNuhrd; ehzaj;Jf;F fhl;bf; nfhLg;gtd;) vd;W miof;fg;gl;ltd;. muRf;F vjpuha; gpd;G rjpg;Gul;rpay; ,uhZt mjpfhhpfSld; ,ize;J  khf;rpathjpfs;> njhopyhsh;fs; gyH Mapuf;fzf;fpy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. Kf;fpa 20 Gul;rpapd; jiyth;fSf;F
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kuzjz;lidAk; gy E}W NgUf;F MAl;jz;lidAk; tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. gyh; tprhuizfs; ,d;wpNa Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. Nkhrkhd kdpjtijf; Fs;shapdh;. Mdhy; rjpg;Gul;rp nra;J muirf;ftpo;f;f Kad;w `pl;yUf;Fk; mtdJ $l;lhspfSf;Fk; fpilj;jJ xUrpy tUl rpiwj; jz;lidNa. gy ,uhZt ghrp];Lfs; cldbahfNt tpLtpf;fg;gl;ldh;. me;j kl;lj;Jf;F gahdpd; ,uhZt ghrp];LfSk; rfy mjpfhu rf;jpfSk; `pl;yiu Mjhpj;jd rYif toq;fpd.
rpiw apy; `pl ;yh; kp fTk; Rje;jpukha; nraw;gl;lhd; jpdrhpg; gj;jphpiffs; thrpf;f> thrpfrhiyia cgNahfpf;f> fbjq;fs; vOj> gpwe;jehs; nfhz;lhl> ntspNa ,Ue;J tUk ; ghp Rfis ngw vd;W mf;fhyj;jpy; rpiw tho;t py; epidj;Jf;$l ghh;f;f Kbahj cgrhpg;Gfs; mtDf;F rpiwapy; ,Ue;jJ. jd; murpay; ed;gh;fisAk;> Vida ifjpfisAk; re;jpf;f> ciuahlTk;> gpah; Fbf;fTk; mtdhy; Kbe;jJ. ,e;j Rje;jpukhd rpiw epiyikfspy;jhd; `pl;yhpd; ||vdJ Nghuhl;lk;|| vOjg;gl;lJ. mij vOj rpi wg; nghWg;gjpf hhpa pd; jl;lr;Ra e;jpu k; ` pl;yU f;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; ,e;j E}iy `pl;yh; jdpNa vOJk; Mw;wiy ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. ,tDld; rpiwapUe;j ghrp];Lfshd nf]; (Hess) vkpy; (Emil Mauricce) vd;Nghhpd; cjtp> jfty;fs; MNyhridfs; ,itfS ld; $l;LKaw;rpahf vOjg;gl;lJ> vd;gNjhL E}ypy; ngUk;gFjp `pl;yhpd; Nkilg; Ngr;Rfs;> fl;rpapd; jPh;khdq;fs; Mfpaitfspd; njhFg;ghfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,Ue;jNghJk; `pl;yh;
23
rpiwapypU Kjy; 19 tiuapyhd ,r;rpwpa E `pl;yh; t ,it kPz Kbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. G+r;rpahd R jdpNa vO xg;Gtpf;fpw ,e;j E n[h;kdp Nfhiofs njhopyhs jiyth;f n[h;kdpa vjph;nfhs vk;khy; n A+jj;ijN vd;W ` Mf;fpukp toq;fpdh kl;Lky;y fWg;G> k nts;is M ||n[h;kdpa ,dk;> ,d vd;W ghrpr tiuKiw kdpjuhd ciwf;fh fUj;Jf;f nghUsw;w fhyj;jpNy njhopyh Jyhk;guk th;f;fg rhh;e;j r njhopyhs jfh;f;f r% ,il Naa

NgUf;F l;lJ. gyh; Rl;Lf; pjtijf; ;rp nra;J pl;yUf;Fk; pilj;jJ dNa. gy bahfNt l;lj;Jf;F Sk; rfy pl;yiu .
kp fTk; jpdrhpg; rhiyia ; vOj> a ,Ue;J vd;W ho;t py; Kbahj rpiwapy; h;fisAk;> re;jpf;f> ; mtdhy; d rpiw pd; ||vdJ ij vOj hhpa pd; ;yU f;F py; ,e;j vOJk; ,tDld; d nf]; auricce) ty;fs; fS ld; g;gl;lJ> `pl;yhpd; Ph;khdq;fs; g;ghfNt `pl;yh;
rpiwapypUe;j 1924 brk;gh; 20e; jpfjp Kjy; 1928 etk;gh; 17e; jpfjp tiuapyhd 4 tUlfhyj;jpy; $l ,r;rpwpa E}y; vOjp Kbf;fg;gltpy;iy. `pl;yh; tpLjiy mile;j gpd;Ng ,it kPz;Lk; $l;lhfr; Nrh;e;J vOjp Kbf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Nw nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; cyfk; mwpahg; G+r;rpahd Rg;gpukzpak; `pl;yh; mjid jdpNa vOjpdhd; vd;gjha; vk;kplk; xg;Gtpf;fpwhh;.
,e;j E}ypy; `pl;yh; A+jh;fisAk; n[h;kdp ah; m y;yhN jhiu Ak; Nfhiofs;> kilah;fs; vd;gNjhL njhopyhsh; ,af;fq;fspy; Kf;fpa jiyth;fshf ,Ue;j A+jh;fis n[h;kdpa ntwpia %l;Ltjd; %yk; vjph;nfhs;sKad;whd;. nfhydpfs; vk;khy; nty;yg;gl Ntz;Lk; ,jw;F A+jj;ijNa Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W `p l;yh; Vfhjpgj;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F jj;Jt Cl;lk; toq;fpdhd;. A+jh;fSf;F vjpuha; kl;Lky;y kdpjh;fis nts;is> fWg;G> kQ;rs; vd;W ghFgLj;jp nts;is MhpaUf;F Kjd;ik ,lKk; ||n[h;kdpaUf;F cah;e;j ,dk;> vrkhd ,dk;> ,dg;ngWkhdk; kpf;fth;fs; vd;W ghrprth;zid nra;tJ `pl;yiu tiuKiwaw;Wg; GfOk; ,e;jf; fWg;G kdpjuhd Rg;gpukzpaj;Jf;F vt;thW ciwf;fhky; NghdJ. `pl;yhpd; fUj;Jf;fs; khDltpay; hPjpapy; nghUsw;w ,dntwpNa vd;gJ `pl;yh; fhyj;jpNyNa khf;rpathjpfshYk;> njhopyhsh; ,af;fq;fshYk; Jyhk;gukhff; fhl;lg;gl;l xd;whFk;. th;f;fg; Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; th;f;fk; rhh;e;j r%f ,Ug;igAk; vjph;f;f njhopyhspfspd; vOr;rpf; Nfhyj;ij jfh;f;f r%fkhdJ Mhpah>; A+jh;fs; ,il Naahd Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
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Page 24
 Mhpahpd; njhd;ikahd ,aw;if tho;Tf;F miog;gJ ghrprj;jpd; %j;Njhh;fspy; xUtdhd ePl;Nrapd; Qhgfj;jpyhFk;. `pl ;yUf ;F Ngr;rhspahFk; Rg;gpukzpak; `pl;yhpd; RarhpijNghy; cyfpy; NtW ve;j RarhpijAk; gpu rpj;jp ngwtpy;iy vd;W ,Wk ;G+nja;Jf pwhh;. || vdJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd;|| KjyhtJ ghfk; 1930tiu 23>000 gpujpfSk; ,uz;lhk; ghfk; 13>000 gpujpfSk;jhd; tpw;gidahfpaJ. 1933 `pl;yhpd; fl;rpahd NSDAP apy; xUkpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;l cWg;gpdh;fs; ,Ue;jNghJ $l nkhj;jkhf tpw;fg;gl;l njhif 287>000 ,jo;fisj; jhz;ltpy;iy. (tpw;gidapy; gjpide;J tPj tUkhdk; `pl;yUf;F fpilj;jJ). gpd;G ghrp];Lf;fs; gjtpf;F te;j gpd;dNu ,e;j E}y; mr;rpl;L vq;Fk; gug;gg;gl;lJ. ,d;Wtiu ,e;j E}y; 16 nkhopfspy; fpl;lj;jl;l 10 kpy;ypad; gpujpfs; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,g;NghJ fpof;F INuhg;gpa ehl;L nkhopfspy; Gjpa ghrp];Lf;fs; ,ij mr;rpl;L gug;Gfpd;wdh;. ,jw;fhd ngUksT epjpfs; n[h;kdpa ghrpr ,af;fq;fshYk; mnkhpf;f ghrpr ,af;fq;fshYk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
`pl;yhpd; ||vdJ Nghuhl;lj;jpy;|| jdJ rpiw tho;T gw;wpa rpj;jhpg;Gf;fs; ngUk;gFjp ngha;fshy; epuk;gpaJ. mtd; rpiwapy; Jd;gq;fisf; fz;ljha;g; NgRtJ ,j;jifaNj. 1925 [dthpapy;; `pl;yh; 3 jlit ||gahd;|| muRj; jiytdhd ifd;wpr; nfy;l; (Heinrich Held) re;jpj;Jg; Ngrpdhd;. khf;rpaj;ij vjph;f;Fk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jhd; mth;fSld; KOikaha; ,iz tjhf cld;gl;lN jhL jd;Dila rjpg;Gul;rp Kaw;rpahdJ
24
jtwhdJ ,ijaLj;J Nkyhd j fspNyNa `pl;yh; , ,y;iy v gtq;fs; ` ,Ue;j cw `pl;yh; jh te;jNghJ epiyaha; `pl;yh; r nghUshj mtd; 19 tpLjiya NIh;kdpa fhh; thq;f thliff;F NIh;kdpa nfhz;l Gj ,Nj tPl;i (Obersalzbe ,Nj tUl nfhz;l n vLj;jhd;. khjhkhjk nka;g;ghJ khf;FfSk fhjypf;F jpapy; eif Tk; kpfTk thq;fp Nrk epjpj;jl;Lg ,td; m rkh;g;gpj;j 15>448 NI fhl;bapUe nIh;kdpa ngw;w gy khf;Ffs; `pl;yhpd cz;ikNa

;> Mhpahpd; tho;Tf;F jhh;fspy; ;jpyhFk;. pahFk; hpijNghy; rhpijAk; vd;W || vdJ ghfk; ,uz;lhk; k;jhd; pl;yhpd; ;ypaDf;F e;jNghJ njhif ;ltpy;iy. tUkhdk; ). gpd;G gpd;dNu g;gg;gl;lJ. khopfspy; gpujpfs; fpof;F py; Gjpa r;rpl;L ngUksT ghrpr ;f ghrpr fpd;wd. l;lj;jpy;|| ;jhpg;Gf;fs; puk;gpaJ. q;fisf; aNj. 1925 ||gahd;|| pr; nfy;l; Ngrpdhd;. hl;lj;jpy; ikaha; ;lN jhL w;rpahdJ
jtwhdJ vd;Wk; xg;Gf;nfhz;lhd;. ,ijaLj;J 1925 ngg;uthpapy; NSDAP Nkyhd jil ePf;fg;gl;lJ. 1924 fspNyNa gy gahd; murpay;thjpfs; `pl;yh; ,dp muRf;F Mgj;jhdtd; ,y;iy vd;W Ngrp te;jdh;. ,r;rk; gtq;fs; `pl;yUf;F Nky;kl;lj;Jld; ,Ue;j cwitf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. NkYk; `pl;yh; jhd; rpiwapy; ,Ue;J ntspNa te;jNghJ gpr;ir vLf;Fk; tWik epiyaha; ,Ue;jjhff; $Wfpd;whd;. `pl;yh; rpiw nry;y Kd;Ng mtd; nghUshjhuepiy rpwg;ghftpUe;jJ. mtd; 1928 ,y; rpiwapypUe;J tpLjiyahfp te;jTld; 20>000 NIh;kdpa khf;FfSf;F Gjpa ngd;]; fhh; thq;fpaNjhL tUlk; 1>000 khh;f; thliff;F FbapUe;j tPl;iltpl;L 4176 NIh;kdpa khf;Ffs; tUl tlif nfhz;l Gjpa tPl;Lf;F Fb ngah;e;jhd;. ,Nj tPl;il 1929y; xgh;rhy;Ngf;fpy; (Obersalzberg) tpiyf;Fk; thq;fpdhd;. ,Nj tUlk; Kd;rd; efhpy; 9 miw nfhz;l nghpa tPl;il thliff;Fk; vLj;jhd;. jdJ nrayhsh; nfd;Rf;F khjhkhjk; 300 khh;f;FfSk; jdJ nka;g;ghJfhtyUf;F 200 NIh;kdpa khf;FfSk; rk;gsk; toq;fpaNjhL jd; fhjypf;F gy Mapuk; khh;f; ngWk- jpapy; eiffs; thq;fp ghprhf toq;f- Tk; kpfTk; tpiy cah;e;j Xtpaq;fs; thq;fp Nrkpj;J itf;fTk; `pl;yUf;F epjpj;jl;Lg;ghL ,Uf;ftpy;iy. 1929,y; ,td; murthptjpg;Gg; gFjpf;F rkh;g;gpj;j jdJ tUlhe;j tUkhdkhf 15>448 NIh;kdpa khf;Ffs; vd;W fhl;bapUe;jhd;. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; nIh;kdpa ngUepWtdq;fsplkpUe;J ngw;w gy kpy;ypad; NIh;kdpa khf;Ffs; mtdplk; ,Ue;jd. vdNt `pl;yhpd; E}y; tpghpg;Gf;fs; cz;ikNahL ve;j njhlh;Gkw;wit.
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`pl;yh; jhd; DAP vd;w ghrprf; fl;rpapy; 7tJ c Wg;gpduhf Nrh;e;jjhfTk; mf;fl;rpapd; kpf Kf;fpa jiytuhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jjhfTk; jdJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. cz;ikapy; `pl;yh; DAP fl;rpapy; 555tJ cWg;gpduhf ,ize;jNjhL mjpy; Kf;fpakw;w cWg;gpduhfjhd; ,Ue;jhd;. ngz;fs; Gdpjkhf A+j kw;Wk; me;epa fyg;gw;W ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk.; Mhpa ,dg; ngUik NgzNtz;Lk;. vd;W ||vdJ Nghuhl;lj;jpy;|| vOjpa `pl;yh; jdJ xd;Wtpl;l rNfhjhpapd; kfSk; fhjypAkhfpa fhypuTgy; (Gali Raubel) I ufrpakhf fz;fhzpg;gJ rTf;fhy; mbg;gJ vd;W rpj;jpiutij nra;aj; jaq;fpajpy;iy. 1931y; ,tsJ kuzk; jw;nfhiyay;y `pl;yh; ,tis nfhiy nra;jhd; vd;w re;Njfq;fSk; epytpd.
fyg;G ,uj;jk; cilNahh; frNehahspfs; guk;giu tpahjp cilNahh;> cly; CdKw;wth;fs; kdg;gpwo;T NehAilNahh;. kdpj th;f;fj;jpd; ngUikiaf; Fiyf;Fk; irj;jhd;fs; vd;W vOjpdhd; `pl;yh;. Mdhy; ,tNdh nrhe;jkha; A+j nIh;kdpa fyg;Gf; nfhz;ltd;. ,tdpd; neUq;fpa ghrp];l; ez;gdhd ||Nfhgy;];|| cly; Cdk; nfhz;ltd;. ,t;thW ghrprk; ngha;fis Nghyp ek;gpf;iffis Gdpjg;gLj;jpNa jd;idf; fl;bf; nfhz;lJ.
Kjypy; `pl;yhpd; ||vdJ Nghuhl;lk;|| E}y; ||ngha;> klj;jdk;> Nfhioj;jdk; ,itfl;F vjpuhd %d;wiu tUlg;Nghuhl;lk;||; (Diereinhalb Jahre kampf gegen luge dummheit und feigheit) vd;W ngahplg;gl;L gpd;Ng ngah;khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
25
vkJ jejpN
nra %Nyhgq mil NtzL FwpjJ ,Uff Ajj nghJ FOffis mNj Nt
ifah Kawr Fwpj Muha mtrpa tpepNa njhlHG
topel Nghd
tha mlf , ga MuhaTf NghHj ehqf
(nfhpyy

ghrprf; ;gpduhf pf Kf;fpa Tk; jdJ z;ikapy; ; 555tJ L mjpy; uhfjhd; khf A+j ,Uf;f ngUik ||vdJ ;yh; jdJ kfSk; ali Raubel) rTf;fhy; nra;aj; J kuzk; ,tis fq;fSk;
lNahh; tpahjp w;wth;fs; h;. kdpj iyf;Fk; ; `pl;yh;. ha; A+j ;. ,tdpd; z;gdhd hz;ltd;. s Nghyp Lj;jpNa
||vdJ lj;jdk;> vjpuhd iereinhalb mheit und ;L gpd;Ng
vkJ jpirtopiaAk; jejpNuhghaqfis cWjp
nratjwF vjphpapd; %Nyhgqfis Kjypy;rhpahf milahsk;fzbUff NtzLk. jejpNuhghaqfs; FwpjJ vgNghJk;tpopgghf ,Uff NtzLk. xU rptpy;
Ajjjjpd;NghJ> vjphp nghJthf jdpjjdpahf FOffis gphpjjopff KidAk; mNj Ntis jdpegHfshfTk; ifahSk. vjphpapd;,ej KawrpfF thagghd #oy; FwpjJ ehk;vgnghOJk; MuhaejtzzkpUggJ mtrpakhFk. kffs;gyk> tpepNahfk> NghfFtujJ> njhlHGKiw> NghHffUtpfs> topeljjf$ba jiyik Nghdw midjJNk ,ej
thagghd #oYfFs; mlffyhk. vkJ ,Wjp ,yfif Nehffpa gazjjpwnfd vkJ MuhaTfF fplba vkfNfAhpa NghHjjejpNuhghaqfis ehqfs;tFjJfnfhss NtzLk. (nfhpyyh NghH Kiw gwwpa E}ypy;Nr)
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Page 26
Gfyplk; gw;wpa rpe;jidg; Nghf;fpd; ,d;iwa tbtj;ij vt;thW tpsf;FtPHfs;? jkpo;j; Njrg; gpur;rpid Kidg;G ngw;W jkpoHfs; ,q;F capHtho;Tf;F cj;juthjkpy;yhky; Mf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dUk;> jkJ mbg;gil chpikfis nrhe;j ehl;by; mDgtpf;f Kbahky;
26
jsj;jpYk; Gyj;jpYk; murpaypd; ettbtk;> jpirtop> mjd; ghpkhzk;...
vd.rutzd;
90fspd;Mukgjjpy;tpbT rQrpifap ,izeJ jdJ vOjJg;gzpfis Muk njhlffk 8 tUlqfshf rhpepfH M gzpahwwptplL jwNghJ Rjejpug gj MathsuhfTk> tpkHrfuhfTk;,UeJ t ngzzpak> jypjjpak kwWk jkpo tplaqfspy mjpfsT gilgGfis jkpo nraJ tej ,tH eilKiwr nrawghllh GykngaHeJ NehHNtapy trpjJtUk ,t ntsptej giw vdfpdw rQrpifapd;M ,tuJ xU rpy E}yfspy> ngzfspd;m ngzfSk;vdfpw E}y> ,yqifapd n tuyhW FwpjJ jkpopy;NgrggLfpdw x cssJ. ,yqifapy xlLnkhjj m ghrprjij Nehffp vtthW efHeJ nfhz Fwpjj fUjjhffqfspy;rkPg fhykhf m nraJtUgtH.
Vw;gl;ljd jkpoHfspd mjd; ,d;i nkhj;j rd gFjpapdH ,d;W Nj rpe;jidfs

pYk; Gyj;jpYk; ypd; ettbtk;> rtop> mjd; ghpkhzk;...
d; py;tpbT rQrpifapd;MrphpaH Fotpy; jJg;gzpfis Mukgpjj rutzd;1992 qfshf rhpepfH MrphpaH gPljjpy; NghJ Rjejpug gjjphpifahsuhfTk> HrfuhfTk;,UeJ tUfpwhH. khHfrpak> jpak kwWk jkpojNjrpak rhHej T gilgGfis jkpopYk;rpqfsjjpYk; lKiwr nrawghllhsUk $l. jwNghJ apy trpjJtUk ,tH NehHNtapypUeJ pdw rQrpifapd;Mrphpauhf ,UejtH. fspy> ngzfspd;murpaYk;murpaypy; }y> ,yqifapd ngzfspd;murpay; py;NgrggLfpdw xNu thpthd E}yhf py xlLnkhjj murpay ePNuhllk; tthW efHeJ nfhzbUffpwJ vdgJ spy;rkPg fhykhf mjpfsT Njlyfis
pe;jidg; btj;ij ;FtPHfs;? Kidg;G tho;Tf;F g;gl;ljd; hpikfis Kbahky;
Vw;gl;ljd; fhuzkhfTk;> 80fspy; jkpoHfspd; Gyg;ngaHT mjpfhpj;jJ. mjd; ,d;iwa epiy tlf;F fpof;fpd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; %d;wpy; xU gFjpapdH ,d;W Gyk;ngaHe;Js;sdH. ,d;W Njrpak; gw;wpa gy;NtW rpe;jidfspd; NghJ cyfpy; Gfyplk;
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Page 27
vd;gJ jdpj;J ghHf;fg;glNtz;ba fUj;jhf;fkhf tsHe;Jtpl;bUf;fpwJ. cyfpy; cs;ehl;L neUf;fb kpFe;j ehLfspypUe;njy;yhk; ,t;thW Gyk; ngaHe;jtHfspy; vj;jid NgH jpUk;gp jkJ jhafq;fSf;F jpUg;gpg; Nghfg; NghfpwhHfs; vd;fpw Nfs;tpAk; kpfTk; mOj;jkhf ,d;W vOg;gg;gLfpd;wd. gpur;rpid jPUk; gl;rj;jpy; Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpoHfspy; 5 tPjkhtJ jpUk;gp tUthHfsh vd;fpw Nfs;tp gykhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j gpd;dzpia itj;Jj; jhd; Gyk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; murpay; vjpHfhyk;> mtHfspd; jdpj;Jtkhd Njitfs;> gz;ghl;L khw;wq;fs;> Njrj;- Jldhd cwTfs; vy;yhNk ghHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdNt jhd; Gfypl ,yf;fp- aq;fs;> Gfypl murpay;> Gfypl rpe;jidg; Nghf;Ffs; vd;nwy;yhk; ettbtk; ngWk; jkpopag; Nghf;if fhz;fpNwhk;.
,tw;wpd; tpisTfis vt;thW ,yf;fpaj;jpy; fhz;fpwPHfs;? VyNt ,yf;fpaj;Jiw rhHe;jpUe;j- tHfspd; gilg;Gfs; Nghf mq;F Nghdjd; gpd;dH ,yf;fpag; gilg;- GUthf;fq;fspy; jq;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;ltHfs; gyH. Muk;gj;jpy; ,e;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; mtHfsJ jhaf epidTfis mbnahw;wpajhd gilg;Gfshf te;Jnfhz;bUe;jd. Mdhy; mjd; ,d;iwa ghpkhzk; jhaf epidTfSf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W ,d;iwa Gfypl tho;T Fwpj;j mDgtq;fisAk;> mtyq;fisAk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w gilg;GfisNa mjpfsT fhzf;$ba- jhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,d;W Gfyplj;jpy; mLj;j jiyKiw Njhd;wp tpl;lJ. jk;ik ,yq;ifaH vd;Wk; $wKbahj> jhk; NehHNtapy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; jk;ik NehHNt[paHfs; vd;Wk; $w Kbahj> Nortamils, Dantamils vd jk;ik milahsg;gLj;Jfpw epiy tsHe;J
27
tUfpwJ. NehHNt[pa milahsg re;jjpfs;
mtHfs mwpahj> mg;ghw;gl jhafkhf ,tHfsplk fis vj mtHfs; nkhopfsp fhl;Lfpd;w As;sJ. nkhopfSf Kaw;rpfS cyf Gfy rHtNjr m ,yf;fpak gw;wpa f Mwhe;jpiz ntl;lnts Fwpg;gpLfpN Gfyplj;ij fSk; Kd fUj;jpw; n nkhj;j mg;ghy; j MAs; Nfs
Gfyplj nraw;ghL murpaYf tpjptpyf;f jkpoHfs; ,izj;J ngha;apy;i jkpo;j;Nj nry;ytpy;i ,JNt jk ,e;j eh

Ntz;ba Uf;fpwJ. b kpFe;j hW Gyk; gH jpUk;gp pg; Nghfg; k; kpfTk; Lfpd;wd. k;ngaHe;j jpUk;gp gykhfNt itj;Jj; murpay; pj;Jtkhd s;> Njrj;- ghHf;fg;gl l ,yf;fp- ;> Gfypl ;nwy;yhk; Nghf;if
vt;thW ;fpwPHfs;? hHe;jpUe;j- f mq;F g; gilg;- izj;Jf; ;jpy; ,e;j jhaf ;wpajhd ;bUe;jd. k; jhaf ,d;iwa q;fisAk;> j;Jfpd;w zf;$ba- yplj;jpy; p tpl;lJ. wKbahj> y; jk;ik Kbahj> jk;ik tsHe;J
tUfpwJ. KOikahf mtHfs; NehHNt[paHfshfTk;> ldp\HfshfTk; milahsg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,d;Dk; rpy re;jjpfs; flf;fNtz;bapUf;Fk;.
mtHfspd; ngw;Nwhhpd; jhafj;ij mwpahj> mJ Fwpj;j gpuf;iQf;F mg;ghw;gl;L> Gfyplj;ijNa jkJ jhafkhf;fptpl;l jiyKiw mJ. ,tHfsplkpUe;J jkpopy; ,yf;fpaq;- fis vjpHghHf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; mtHfs; fw;w me;je;j ehl;L nkhopfspy; ,yf;fpa  ehl;L
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eyd;fSlDk;> mjd; murpaYlDk;> ,izthf;fk; nra;Jnfhs;tJ mtrpakhdJ. ntspehl;ltHfs; rk;ge;jkhf ,e;j ehl;ltHfs; nfhz;Ls;s nghJthd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fspy; xd;W> mtHfspd; r%f ,izthf;f gpuf;iQapd; Nghjhik gw;wpaJ.
mLj;jJ khw;W murpay; fUj;JilatHfs; jpl;lkpl;l hPjpapy; eykbf;fg;gl;lik gw;wpaJ. ,d;W khw;W murpay; fUj;Jila- tHfs;> my;yJ tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; Kd;dzp mikg;- GfSld; NrHe;J gzpahw;wh- jtHfs;> mtHfSf;F epjp toq;fhjtHfs; mtHfs; jkpo;j;Njr MjuthsH- fshf ,Ue;jhYk;rhp midtUNk vjphpfsh- fTk;> JNuhfpfshfTk; kpf vspikahf Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gLfpwhHfs;.
,tHfs; r%fj;jp- ypUe;J Xuq;fl;lg;gl;Lk;> me;epag;gLj;- jg;gl;Lk;> jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;Lk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; vjphpapd; KfhKf;Nf js;sg;gl;LtUtJ MNuhf;fpakhd xd;wy;y.
,d;W Gfyplj;jpy; khw;W murpay; nraw;ghLfs; epWtdkakhf ,y;iy. Aj;jepWj;j xg;ge;jk;> gpd; ~~Vfg;gpujpepjpj;Jt|| murpay;> mjidj; njhlHe;J midj;J Clfq;fSk;> Gj;jp[Ptpfs;> vOj;jhsHfs; vd midj;JNk jkpo;j;Njrpaj;jpd; ngauhy; cz;ikfs; ,Ul;lbg;G nra;tJ rHtrhjhuz xd;whf Mfptpl;bUf;fpwJ. ,jpy; rpwpJ xJq;fpepd;W fpilj;j re;jHg;gj;jpy; cz;ikNgrpdhy; Xuq;fl;lg;gl;LtpLNthNkh> jdpikg;- gLj;jg;gl;LtpLNthNkh vd;W mQ;rp
28
mjpy; ru nra;J n Cikfsh gyuJk; m vg;NghJk; g yhgk; vd murpaiy mjpfk;.
epr;rak tpLjiy Ng
M ,e;j Muk;gj vr;rhpj;jpU tpNuhj Ngh tpjptpyf khw;wg;glNt kl;Lky;y
ghr V
v mz;i
tPutpjh A+iy 7M NghJ mJ ghHf;fg;gl nghpa mg mjd; tp NtiyKi te;jNghJ$

paYlDk;> fhs;tJ ;ltHfs; ;ltHfs; hJthd tHfspd; ;iQapd;
murpay; hPjpapy; ,d;W la- g; ;-
;epag;gLj;- l;Lk; rpy fhKf;Nf ;fpakhd
murpay; ,y;iy. k;> gpd; mjidj; fq;fSk;> fs; vd ; ngauhy; nra;tJ ;bUf;fpwJ. fpilj;j grpdhy; jdpikg;- ;W mQ;rp
mjpy; ruzile;NjhH gyH> rkurk; nra;J nfhz;NlhH gyH. jk;ik Cikfshf Mf;fpf;nfhz;NlhH gyH. gyuJk; murpay; Kf%bfs; fpope;jd. vg;NghJk; gykhdtHfs; gf;fk; ,Ug;gJ yhgk; vd;WzHe;J jkJ NeHik murpaiy Jwe;jtHfs; vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfk;.
epr;rakhf xU MNuhf;fpakhd tpLjiyia ,J ngw;Wj;jug; Nghtjpy;iy. gy;NtWgl;l khw;Wf; fUj;Jf;fSk;> [dehaf Fuy;fSNk fle;j fhyq;fspy; Njr tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ghrprg; Nghf;if fzprkhd msT kl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ. ,dp tUk; mj;jid [d- ehaf tpNuhjg;Nghf;- FfSf;F toq;Fk; MrPHthjKk;> mq;fPfhuKNk ,e;j ~~Vfgpujpepjp|| rpj;jhe;jk;. Muk;gj;jpNyNa ,jid ehq;fs; vr;rhpj;jpUe;Njhk;. midj;J [dehaf tpNuhj Nghf;FfSk; Njrpaj;jpd; Nguhy; tpjptpyf;F NfhUk; epiy khw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. ,e;j epiy jsj;jpy; kl;Lky;y Gyj;jpYk; jhd;.
ghrprk; gw;wpa vr;rhpf;iffis Vw;gLj;Jk; gy fl;Liufis vOjpte;jpUf;fpwPHfs;> ,jd; mz;ika tbtk; gw;wpa cq;fs; Ghpjy; vd;d? tPutpjhd ,af;fk; 1995Mk; Mz;L A+iy 7Mk; jpfjp Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l NghJ mJ ntWk; ,af;fkhfj; jhd; ghHf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mJ vj;jid nghpa mghafukhd ,af;fk; vd;gij mjd; tpA+fq;fSk; jpl;lq;fSk;> NtiyKiwfSk; ep&gpj;Jf;nfhz;L te;jNghJ$l gyUk; mjid mrl;ilr;
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Page 29
nra;jhHfs;. xU fhyj;jpy; rpq;fsj; Njrpathjk; vd;fpw gjg; gpuNahfj;ijg; ghtpj;Njhk;> mjd; gpd; FWe;Njrpathjk; vd;fpw gjg;gpuNahfj;ij ghtpj;Njhk;> mjd; gpd; ,dthjk;> mjd; gpd; Nghpdthjk; vd;nwy;yhk; gjq;fis ghtpj;Njhk;> ,e;j gjq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; mHj;jq;fSk;> me;je;jf; fl;l ghrprj;jpd; tsH;r;rpf; fl;lq;fisAk; NrHj;Nj czHj;jpaJ. Mdhy; ,d;W mJ KO mstpyhd nraw;ghl;Lf;F jd;id gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;s ghrpr ,af;fk;> KO rpq;fs kf;fisAk; Xuzpf;Fs; jpul;bAs;s> jpul;b tUfpd;w rpq;fs kf;fis ghrprkag;gLj;Jtjpy; kpfTk;> EZf;fkhf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;w ,af;fk;.
,jpy; ,lJrhhp ,af;fq;fspd; gq;F..? Njrpathjj;Jf;F gy Kfq;fs; cs;sd. gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; mJ ,dj;Njrpa rpj;jhe;jj;ij caHj;jpg; gpbf;fpd;w gz;Gfis cUtfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;s rpj;jhe;jkhf ,Ue;jhYk;> NtW re;jHg;gq;fspy; mJ Nrhrypr Kf%bfisAk; $l mzpe;J tUk;. `pl;yhpd; ghrpr rpj;jhe;jk; $l Njrpa Nrhryprk; gw;wpa fUj;jhf;fj;Jld; jhd; jd;id milahsg;- gLj;jpaJmjw;$lhfNt jd;dstpy; mJ tsHj;Jf;nfhz;lJ. ,d;W rpwpyq;fhtpy;; rpq;fs ghrprj;Jf;F tbtk; nfhLf;Fk; rk;gpf;f uztf;ftpd; rpj;jhe;jKk; $l Njrpa Nrhryprk; jhd; vd;gij ftdpAq;fs;. Muk;gj;jpy; N[.tp.gp.Ald; ,ize;J gzpahw;wpa rk;gpf;f uztf;f mjpypUe;J tpyfp [dj;jh kpj;JNuh vDk; ,af;fj;ij Muk;gpj;J ,yq;iff;fhd Nrhrypr nghUshjhu fl;likg;G Fwpj;j Ma;TfisAk;> fUj;JUthf;fq;fisAk; nra;J ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;j NghJ mjd; xU fl;lj;jpy; Nrhrypr Nfhrk;
29
rhptuhJ Nrhryprj;i ,izj;J rpj;jhe;j k Ntiyfis jhd; 1995 Njhw;wk;. mJ tiu ,af;fq;fi rpytw;iw gz;zpAk;> mikg;Gfi nfhz;L rq;fj;jpd fl;Lg;ghl r%fj;jpy gyg;gLj njhlHG+l CLUtpaJ jkJ if yq;fhjPg> r mr;RWj;jp te;jJ> rhjdq;fS nfhz;ltH jkJ tiy murpay mjd; mj mq;fq;fS KbTfis vLf;f it mOj;jq;fi Kd;dzp m xU muir ,izaj;j 96Mk; M jsj;ij rpq;fs tH FWfpa f Nkw;g;gl;l jpaJ. ng tha;g;G m cUthf;fp

; rpq;fsj; ahfj;ijg; jrpathjk; tpj;Njhk;> jd; gpd; gjq;fis ;fSf;Fg; e;jf; fl;l q;fisAk; hy; ,d;W w;ghl;Lf;F s;s ghrpr ;fisAk; tUfpd;w j;Jtjpy; tUfpd;w
;fq;fspd; gq;F..? Kfq;fs; py; mJ caHj;jpg; g;gLj;jpf; Ue;jhYk;> Nrhrypr ;J tUk;. l Njrpa ;Jld; jhd; lahsg;- d;dstpy; . ,d;W prj;Jf;F tf;ftpd; yprk; jhd; uk;gj;jpy; pahw;wpa ;J tpyfp af;fj;ij Nrhrypr Fwpj;j q;fisAk; ;j NghJ pr Nfhrk;
rhptuhJ vd;fpw fUj;ijAk;> Nrhryprj;ij Njrpa rpj;jhe;jj;NjhL ,izj;J GJtif rpq;fs ngsj;j rpj;jhe;j kw;Wk; mikg;Gj; Jiwf;fhd Ntiyfis njhlq;fpdhH. mjd; tbtk; jhd; 1995,y; rpq;fs tPutpjhdtpd; Njhw;wk;. kpfTk; EZf;fkhf ,aq;fp mJ tiu rpq;fs ngsj;jk; Ngrpa ,af;fq;fis jk;NkhL RtPfhpj;Jk;> rpytw;iw eh#f;fhf ,aq;ftplhky; gz;zpAk;> xl;Lnkhj;j rpq;fs ngsj;j mikg;GfisAk; xNu ,af;fj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. ngsj;j kfh rq;fj;jpdiu KOikahf jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L te;jJ. r%fj;jpy; fUj;JUthf;fq;fis gyg;gLj;Jk; epWtdq;fshd njhlHG+lfq;fs; miidj;jpYk; CLUtpaJ. jpta;d Nghd;wtw;iw jkJ iff;Fs; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;lJ yq;fhjPg> rz;Nl ilk;]; Nghd;wtw;iw mr;RWj;jp fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L te;jJ> Vida ,yj;jpudpay; rhjdq;fSf;Fs; rpq;fs Njrpa czHT nfhz;ltHfis milahsk; fz;L jkJ tiyf;Fs; rpf;f itj;jJ.
murpay; fl;rpfSf;Fs; CLUtp mjd; mjpfhu kw;Wk; epiwNtw;W mq;fq;fSf;Fs; nrd;W murpay; KbTfis vLf;f itj;jJ. mt;thW vLf;f itg;gjw;F ntspapy; ,Ue;J mOj;jq;fis gpuNahfpf;f ngUksthd Kd;dzp mikg;Gfis cUthf;fpaJ. xU muir nfhz;Ls;s rpwpyq;fh $l ,izaj;jsk; cUthf;fhj fhyj;jpy; 96Mk; Mz;Nl jkf;fhd ,izaj; jsj;ij tPutpjhd Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. rpq;fs tHj;jfH rq;fj;ij Muk;gpj;J FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Mapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;g;gl;l fpisfis ehlsht Vw;gLj;- jpaJ. ngz;fs; mikg;Gfs;> Ntiy tha;g;G mzp> vd gy mikg;Gfis cUthf;fpaJ.
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murpay;thjpfs;> fiyQHfs;> tpisahl;LtPuHfs; vd r%fj;jpy; cs;s gpuKfH tl;lhu rfhf;fis FWfpa fhyj;jpy; RtPfhpj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; ,uhZtj;jpy; rkfhyj;jpy; nghpa mjpfhhpfs; gyiuAk; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. jg;gpNahba ,uhZtj;jpdiu cs;thq;fp ,ufrpa gapw;rp Kfhk;fis elj;jp tUtJ gw;wpa nra;jpfis Vw;nfdNt mwpe;jpUg;gPHfs;.
[hjpf n`y cWka vd;gJ ,e;j ghrpr mikg;Gfspd; xU Kd;dzp mikg;ghf ,aq;Ffpw xU fl;rp kl;Lk; jhd;.
N[.tp.gp. ,d;W rp`y cWkatpd; epfo;r;rp epuiy ifg;gw;wpf;nfhz;Ls;- sJ. MdhYk; N[.tp.gpapd; %Nyhghak; mJty;y. mJ murpay; re;jHg;gthj je;jpNuhghak; kl;Lk;jhd;. Mdhy; ,jw;fhd rpj;jhe;j gyj;ij jahhpj;- jspg;gJk;> mjid tputtpLtJk; mjw;Fg; gpd;dhYs;s gykhd rpq;fsg; Nghpdthj mzpfs; jhd;.
tuyhw;wpy; ,jw;F Kd;dUk; gy Nghpdthj ,af;fq;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd my;yth? Kd;dnuy;yhk; gy ngaHfisf; nfhz;l Nghpdthj mikg;Gfs; epiwaNt ,Ue;jd. mtw;Wf;F nghJthd rpj;jhe;j tbtk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. nghJthd mikg;G tbtk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. nghJthd murpay; tbtk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; ,d;W mg;gbay;y rpq;fs rptpy; r%fj;jpy; Mokhf NtHtpLfpd;w msTf;F midj;ijAk; ikag;gLj;- Jfpd;w gykhd rpj;jhe;j tbtk; mjw;F cz;L. cWjpahd mikg;G tbtk; cUthf;fpahfptpl;lJ. mJ Nghy murpay; tbtKk; mjw;F Vw;gLj;jpahfptpl;lJ. ,dp mJ ,uhZt
30
tbtk; n ifg;gw;Wf vd;W $wp tbtk; ,U gw;wpa nra rhjhuz j td;Kiwr ep&gpj;jd. murpay; rf;jpfs; ,
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yQHfs;> %fj;jpy; fhf;fis Pfhpj;jJ tj;jpy; pfhhpfs; fhz;lJ. ;jpdiu fhk;fis a;jpfis
;gJ ,e;j Kd;dzp l;rp kl;Lk;
Wkatpd; fhz;Ls;- Nyhghak; ;jHg;gthj . Mdhy; jahhpj;- tpLtJk; rpq;fsg;
;dUk; gy af;fq;fs; my;yth? aHfisf; kg;Gfs; tw;Wf;F tbtk; mikg;G ghJthd y. Mdhy; rptpy; tpLfpd;w kag;gLj;- k; mjw;F ;G tbtk; J Nghy mjw;F ,uhZt
tbtk; ngwNtz;baJk;> muir ifg;gw;Wfpd;w NtiyAk; jhd; ghf;fp vd;W $wp te;Njhk;. mjw;F ,uhZt tbtk; ,Ug;gij ,uhZt gapw;rpfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; CH[pjg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. rhjhuz jkpo; rptpypad;fspd; kPjhd td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fs; gy nra;jpfis ep&gpj;jd. njd;dpyq;ifapy; gpujhd murpay; mKf;ff; FOthf ,e;j rf;jpfs; ,d;W Mfptpl;bUf;fpd;wd.
,g;gpd;dzpapy; ghrprj;jpd; ,uhZt kaj;jd;ikia NkYk; tpsf;FtPHfsh? cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAk; FkhH nghd;dk;gyk; nfhy;yg;gl;l nra;jp> rpq;fs tPutpjhd n`Utd vDk; gj;jphpifnahd;iw fle;j %d;W tUlq;fshf ntspapl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;- gij mwpe;jpUg;gPHfs;> ,jidj; jtpu mtHfs; xU nra;jp VL epA];nyl;lH xd;iw ntspapl;L tUfpwhHfs;. rkPgj;jpy; ntspahd ntha;]; xg; j Nerd; vDk; ngaH nfhz;l ,e;j nra;jp Vl;bd; filrp gf;fj;jpy; MrphpaH jiyaq;fj;jpy; ,g;gb $wg;gLfpwJ. - nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L nfhQ;rk; $l mr;rkpd;wp Gypf;F thy;gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Ue;j Gs;spkhL ,de;njhpahj eguhy; GijFopf;F mDg;gg;gl;ljhdJ> ekJ Njrj;ij ghJfhf;f rpq;fs ,dj;ijg; ghJfhf;f jw;NghJ ,Uf;fpd;w rf;jpfSf;F mg;ghYk; xU mikg;G ,Ug;gij czHj;jpajhdJ ek;nky;NyhUf;Fk; ijhpakspf;fpd;wJ.- vd;W ,Ue;jJ. me;jr; nra;jpapy; ,t;thwhdtHfSf;F vd;d NeUk; vd;fpd;w vr;rhpf;ifAk;> mt;thwhd ,af;fnkhd;W ,Ug;gij gw;wpa rpq;fs kf;fSf;F ijhpaj;ijAk; mspf;Fk; nra;jpahfNt mJ ,Ue;jJ. ,ij tpl Kf;fpakhf ftdpf;f Ntz;ba tplak; vd;d ntd;why; mNj gf;fj;jpy; 7 Nfhrq;fs; ,Ue;jd. me;j Nfhrj;jpy;
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,WjpahdJ vd;d njhpAkh> ehl;ilNa Aj;jj; jhahhpg;Gf;F cl;gLj;JNthk;> Gyp vjpHg;G Njrpa Kd;dzpia fl;bnaOg;GNthk; vd;gJ jhd; me;j Nfhrk;. cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAkh FkhH nghd;dk;gyj;jpd; nfhiyf;F chpik Nfhhpa ,af;fKk; ,J jhd;. National Front Agaist Tigers ,jid ePq;fs; cd;dpg;ghf ftdpAq;fs;. ,e;j tplak; vq;Fk; ftdpf;fg;gl;ljhf ,J tiu ehd; mwpatpy;iy.
mtHfspd; nfhiygl;bay; mLj;jJ ahH vd;fpw Nfs;tp gy Gj;jprPtpfs;> murpayhsHfs; kj;jpapy; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. me;j gl;bay; ,d;dKk; njhlHe;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
rkPgj;jpy; yf;gpk gj;jphpifapy; rk;gpf;ftpd; Ngl;b xd;W ntspahfpapUe;jJ. me;jg; Ngl;bapy; xU Nfs;tp. ,e;j FWfpa fhyj;jpy; ePq;fs; fz;lile;j ntw;wpfs; vd;d? mjw;F rk;gpf;ftpd; gjpy; ,g;gb ,Ue;jJ. ,J tiufhyk; nrf;fpAyhprk; gw;wp Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;j If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp ,d;W uzpy; jiyikapy; kfhrq;fj;jpdiu re;jpj;J gd;rpy; vLf;fpwhH. ,J tiufhyk; khHf;rpak;> Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;j N[.tp.gp. jq;fs; Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; Kjy; gpujpia kfhrq;fj;jpdUf;F nfhLj;J Mrp ngw;W ~~mlgphp|| nra;fpd;wdH. ,J ahH fz;l ntw;wp vd;gij ePq;fs; jPHkhdpAq;fs; vd gjpyspf;fpwhH rk;gpf;f.
,e;jg; Gs;sp jhd; ehq;fs; mtjhdpf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa Gs;sp. ,d;W xl;Lnkhj;j murpay; ePNuhl;- lj;ijAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; typikia ghrprk; ngw;Wtpl;lJ. MAjg; Gul;rp gw;wp Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;j N[.tp.gp.ia
31
rpq;fsj; N vjpuhf Ng Fiwe;jgl $l ghuhS epiwNtw;w ntw;wp? j Ntl;L it $l ghuh tplhky; n mk;ikahi tPutpjhdT tpf;fpukeh kfhrq;fj ahuJ ntw nry;yhf;f uzpypd; M vjpuhd r Ml;rpakH
, r n w t m j mjpf mf;f ,J.
M e nry;y ,d;W mur fl;l topelj;J Ghpe;Jnfhs Kjyhspj;J spd; eyd cz;ik. midj;J nfhs;fpwJ ,Ue;j N[.tp.gp.ap tPutpjhdT kl;Lky;y

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ehq;fs; pa Gs;sp. ; ePNuhl;- ypikia Gul;rp gw;wp .tp.gp.ia
rpq;fsj; Njrpak; gw;wp NgrTk;> mjw;F vjpuhf NghfhkYk; gz;zpapUf;fpwJ. Fiwe;jgl;rk; rktha;g;Gr; rl;lj;ijf; $l ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; murhq;fj;jhy; epiwNtw;w Kbahky; NghdJ vtuJ ntw;wp? jkpoHfspd; chpikfSf;Nf Ntl;L itf;f ,Ue;j jPHTg;nghjpiaf; $l ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;w tplhky; nra;jJ ahuJ ntw;wp. rpwpkh mk;ikahiu gjtp tpyf;fp rpq;fs tPutpjhdTf;F neUf;fkhd uj;drpwp tpf;fpukehaf;fit gpujkuhf Nghl;L kfhrq;fj;jpdiu mZf itj;jJ ahuJ ntw;wp. Ghpe;JzHT xg;ge;jj;ij nry;yhf;fhrhf;fpaJ ahuJ ntw;wp> uzpypd; Ml;rp ftpo;g;G> re;jphpfhTf;F vjpuhd rjp> kfpe;j uh[gf;\it Ml;rpakHj;jy;> Ml;rpia epoypy; ,Ue;J topelj;Jjy; vd rfy ntw;wpfisAk; mJ njhlHe;Jnfhz;Nl ,Uf;fp- wJ. ,e;j epiyikfis t p sq ; f p f ;n f h s ; sT k ; > mjw;Nfw;g jq;fis jahHgLj;jTk; jkpo;j; Njrk; mjpf mf;fiw nrYj;j Ntz;ba fl;lk; ,J.
Mf> KO ehLk; ghrprj;jpd; epfo;r;rpepuypd; fPo; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLtjhff; $WfpwPHfs;..? ,d;W KO rptpy; r%fj;ijAk;> mur fl;likg;igAk;> ghrprk; jhd; topelj;JfpwJ vd;gij njspthf Ghpe;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,jw;Fg; gpd;dhy; Kjyhspj;Jt eyd;fs;> gy;NtW rf;jpf- spd; eyd;fs; fye;jpUf;Fk; vd;gJ cz;ik. Mdhy; mtw;wpd; mWtil midj;Jk; ghrprk; RtPfhpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ. rp`y cWka ,d;W xl;l ,Ue;j Rtnuhl;bia New;Nw N[.tp.gp.apdH xl;btpLfpd;wdH. rpq;fs tPutpjhdTf;F Ntiy kpr;rk;. N[.tp.gp. kl;Lky;y rpq;fs fl;rpfs; midj;jp-
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dJk; ,d;iwa eltbf;ifapd; mWtilia ghrprk; jdf;Fhpjhf;fp tpLfpwJ vd;gij ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. 30fspy; Nkw;fpy; Nrhryprj;ij ghrprk; ntw;wpfz;l tuyhw;wDgtj;ij ,d;dKk; ,yq;if ,lJrhhpfs; czutpy;iy> vd;Nw ehd; $WNtd;. ,dp ghrprj;Jldhd nfhLf;- fy; thq;fy;fis nra;J nfhs;shky; ve;jnthU njd;dpyq;if murpay; rf;jpfSk; ,Ug;G nfhs;s KbahJ. Nghpdthjk; epWtdkag;gLjy; vd;gJ ve;jnthU ,ilQ;rYk; ,y;yhky; ,yq;ifapy; epfo;fpwJ.
,dptug;;NghFk; fhyk; mghafukhdJ vd;wh vr;rhpf;fpwPHfs;..? ghuhSkd;w murpay; thjj;ijg;- nghUj;jtiu Nghpdthjj;ij jpUg;jpg- Lj;Jfpd;w rf;jpfNs Ml;rpajpfhuj;ij ifg;gw;wKbAk;> mjid jf;fitj;Jf;- nfhs;s KbAk; vd;fpw epiy ,d;W cWjpgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Nghf;fpy; mbg;gil khw;wq;fs; epfoNtz;Lnkd;- why; xU mjprak; jhd; epfoNtz;Lk;. Nghpdthj Kyhk; G+rg;gl;l ngsj;j kjKk;> mjpy; epiyA+d;wr;nraa;g;gl;- Ls;s mur mjpfhu fl;likg;G NkYk; fy;tp> kw;Wk; rptpy; mikg;Gfs;> murpay; ,af;fq;fs; vd midj;Jk; Nghpdthjkag;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Gwepiyahf ,tw;Wf;F vjpuhf ,lJrhhp ,af;fq;fs; rpy [dehaf epWtdq;fSkhf KAw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;w NghJk; mJ mt;tsT nghpa ntw;wpia va;j Kbatpy;iy.
NkYk; Kw;Nghf;fhd Gj;jp[Ptpj;Jt rf;jpfs;> GyikahsHfs; vd;NghH gy rkaq;fspy; murpay; khw;wq;fs; epfOk; vd;W ek;gp G+H\;th rf;jpfis rhHe;Jk; mr;rf;jpfis gyg;gLj;jpAk; te;Js;-
32
sdH. ,e;j jpUj;jpf;nf mjid j khdg; gpu cz;L. ,j iff; $y shfTk;> M ,lj;ij ehl;by; el Gul;rp fhy Kw;Nghf;f mJ mw mjpfhuj;i jijAk;> m gpd;Gk; n epfo;e;jJ. ,JNghd;w epfo;e;jd. Mdhy kl;LNk mj gyKs;sj NghHj;jpa mjpfhuj;i
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,d;iw cs;sJ. m Clf Kj fhf;fg;gl %yjdk; y Njrpaj;ij jtpHf;fK re;ijf;f (Marketing rpq;fsj; Nj ve;jnthU ntw;wpail apUg;gJ N caHj;jpg; tpahghu m epiy Njhd ,e;j ,l

;ifapd; ;Fhpjhf;fp ; Ghpe;J Nkw;fpy; w;wpfz;l ; ,yq;if d;Nw ehd; nfhLf;- hs;shky; murpay; KbahJ. y; vd;gJ y;yhky;
k; fhyk; J vd;wh ;fpwPHfs;..? hjj;ijg;- jpUg;jpg- pfhuj;ij itj;Jf;- y ,d;W Nghf;fpy; z;Lnkd;- Ntz;Lk;. ;l ngsj;j raa;g;gl;- g;G NkYk; kg;Gfs;> idj;Jk; Uf;fpwJ. vjpuhf [dehaf ;rpfis Jk; mJ a va;j
p[Ptpj;Jt ;NghH gy s; epfOk; rhHe;Jk; ; te;Js;-
sdH. ,e;jj;jtiw fhyg;Nghf;fpy; rpyH jpUj;jpf;nfhz;l NghJk; fzprkhNdhH mjid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tij jkJ khdg; gpur;rpidahff; nfhz;lJk; cz;L. ,jd; tpisT mtHfs; vjphpapd; iff; $ypfshfTk;> gfilf;fha;f- shfTk;> Mfp  mJ mwpthspfisAk;> murpay; mjpfhuj;ij ifg;gw;w cgNahfpj;- jijAk;> mJ mjpfhuj;ij ifg;gw;wpa gpd;Gk; njhlHe;jJ Nghy ,q;Fk; epfo;e;jJ. 1956,y;> 1970,y; 1994,y; ,JNghd;w epfo;Tfs; ,yq;ifapy; epfo;e;jd.
Mdhy; 2005,y; Nghpdthj rf;jpfs; kl;LNk mjpfhuj;ij ifg;gw;w Nghjpa gyKs;sjhf ,UejJ. khHf;rpa Njhy; NghHj;jpa Nghpdthjpfs; ,yFthf mjpfhuj;ij ifg;gw;wpdH.
,jpy; Clfq;fspd; ghj;jpuk; gw;wp...? ,d;iwa ajhHj;j epiynahd;W cs;sJ. mJ jhd;. Clfr; re;ijapy;> Clf Kjyhspfspd; %yjdk; ghJ- fhf;fg;glNtz;Lnkd;why;> me;j %yjdk; yhgj;ij  jkpo;j; Njrpaj;ij caHj;jpg; gpbf;fhj ve;j xU ClfKk; tpahghu mstpy; ntw;wpaila Kbahj epiy Njhd;wpapUg;gJ jhd; ajhHj;jk;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J cq;fs;
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ghHitfis tprhyg;gLj;Jq;fs; NkYk; gy cz;ik epiyfis mwpe;J nfhs;tPHfs;.
jw;Nghija murpay; jPHT Kaw;rpfspy; NehHNtapd; gq;fspg;Gfs; gw;wp..? mbg;gilapy; NehHNt mnkhpf;fh- tpd; nghk;ikahfNt ghy];jPd jPHT Kaw;rpapYk; jd;id Mf;fpf; nfhz;b- Ue;jJ. rkPgfhykhf cyfpy; Njrpag; gpur;rpidfspd; kPjhd jPHTfSf;F mnkhpf;fh Neubahf jiyaplhky; NehHNt %yk; jkJ eyd;fis epiwNtw;wp tUtij ghHf;fyhk;. mlf;fg;gLk; Njrq;fSf;F jPHT jUtijg; ghHf;f mlf;fg;- gLk; kf;fspd; Nghuhl;- lq;fis ruzilar; nra;- fpd;w Kaw;rpiaNa NehHNt %yk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;- bUf;fpd;wd. NkYk; cyfpd; rkhjhd Njtijahf NehHNt Nehf;fg;gLk; mNj Neuk; NehHNt jdJ ehl;Lf;Fs; Vida Njrq;fis vg;gb mlf;fpitj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F tuyhW cz;L. mq;Fs;s rhkpH vDk; ,dj;jtHfspd; jdpahd gz;ghL> nkhop> fyhrhuk; vd;gdtw;iw rpijj;- Jk;> mtHfspd; ,d milahsj;ij Ngztplhky; EZf;fkhf ,aq;fpAk; te;jpUf;fpwJ. NehHNtapd; tlf;Fg; gFjpapy; ,e;j ,dj;jtHfis jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;jpUf;Fk; tiu NehHNtapd; gpujhd tUkhdkhd vz;nza; tsq;fis mDgtpf;fyhk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l NehHNtapd; jiyaPl;il re;Njfj;NjhL ehq;fs; ghHf;f Ntz;b- apUf;fpwJ. NkYk; mbg;gilapy; jkpo; kf;fspd; vjphpfshfptpl;bUf;fpw mnkhpf;fh> ,e;jpah Nghd;w rz;baHf- splk; jhd; ,yq;if gpur;rpid njhlH- ghf Nahridfis NehHNt vjpHghHj;-
33
Jf; nfhz nfhs;Sq;f kf;fSf;F jhf Ntlk FHjp];jhd mlf;f JU jsghlq tUfpwJ N iffs; Fw gjw;Fk; j ,ilapy; m vd;gijAk khw;W jkpo;j;N Njit e
gpur;rpid ghy;thjk;> ,y;yhky; fhf ,d;W jhd; ,d;i $wg;gl;lhY khw;wj;Jf ,d;Dk; f ekJ r Ntshs-c mjpfhuj;J fpwJ. nt ,it rHtNuhf mjw;fg;gh ,d;dKk;

s; NkYk; mwpe;J
pay; jPHT hHNtapd; s; gw;wp..? nkhpf;fh- ;jPd jPHT ; nfhz;b- ; Njrpag; TfSf;F yaplhky; yd;fis Hf;fyhk;. ;F jPHT
s vg;gb d;gjw;F hkpH vDk; gz;ghL> w rpijj;- ahsj;ij ,aq;fpAk; tlf;Fg; s jkJ k; tiu khdkhd tpf;fyhk;. yaPl;il ;f Ntz;b- apy; jkpo; ;bUf;fpw rz;baHf- d njhlH- vjpHghHj;-
Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;. xU Gwk; FHjp];jhd; kf;fSf;F murpay; jQ;rk; toq;Ft- jhf Ntlk;Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L. kWGwk; FHjp];jhd; kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;ij mlf;f JUf;fp murhq;fj;jpw;F MAj jsghlq;fis tpw;gid nra;J tUfpwJ NehHNt. NehHNtapd; eltbf;- iffs; Fwpj;J Nghpdthjpfs; re;Njfpg;- gjw;Fk; jkpo; kf;fs; re;Njfpg;gjw;Fk; ,ilapy; mbg;gil tpj;jpahrk; cz;L vd;gijAk; ftdpAq;fs;.
khw;W murpaypd; Njit gw;wp.. jkpo;j;Njrpa tpLjiyAld; ekJ Njit epd;Wtpltpy;iy. ,d;iwa Kjd;ikj; Njit vd;fpw Nghpy; Vida r%f mlf;FKiwfs;> Vw;wj; jho;Tfs; vd;gtw;Wf;- nfjpuhd Nghuhl;lk; kWf;fg;gl;L tUtij f z ; % b j ; j d k h f jkpo;Njrk; vjpHnfhz;l- gb ,Uf;fpwJ. tHf;fg; gpur;rpid> rhjpak;> gpuNjrthjk;> ghy;thjk;> vd;fpw tpLjiyapd; Njit ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpltpy;iy. Nkw;G+r;Rf;- fhf ,d;W ,tw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpaJ jhd; ,d;iwa Njrg;Nghuhl;lk; vd;W $wg;gl;lhYk; $l> xU Gul;rpfu r%f khw;wj;Jf;Fhpa ve;j ek;gpf;ifiaAk; ,d;Dk; fpQ;rpj;Jk; fhztpy;iy.
ekJ r%fk; ,d;dKk; ~~aho;-irt- Ntshs-caHtHf;f-Mzhjpf;f|| mjpfhuj;Jt mikg;igNa nfhz;bUf;- fpwJ. ntWk; jkpo;Njrpa tpLjiy ,it vy;yhtw;Wf;Fkhd rHtNuhfepthuzp MfptplhJ. mjw;fg;ghw;gl;l Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Njit ,d;dKk; cs;sJ.
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ft;tpf;nfhz;bUf;fpw khjphp xU gpuik. mg;gb VJk; ele;J tpltpy;iy. ahUlDk; ve;jf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fNyh> thf;FthjNkh vJTNk ,y;iy Mdhy; kdk; kl;Lk; ntWikapy; Nghd khjphp. fz;fs; kl;Lk; hPtpapy; gjpe;jpUf;f> iffs; kl;Lk; VNdh jhNdh vd;W hpNkhl; nfhd;Nwhypy; rdy;fis khw;wp khw;wp mOj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. nwh];fpy; ng];hptypy;; (Roskilde Festival) mg;gb vd;djhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,t;tsT rdf; $l;lk;. Mz;fs; Njhs;fspy; ngz;fSk;> ngz;fs; kbfspy; Mz;fSkhf..... VNjh mjpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdf;Fj;jhd; me;j ,iria Ritf;fj; njhpatpy;iy. ,th;fshy; kl;Lk; tP.tP.ituKj;Jtpd; $j;ij urpf;f KbAkh vd;d.
if Mgphpf;fhTf;Fj; jhTfpwJ. kf;fs; ehyh gf;fKk; rpjwp XLfpwhh;fs;. fz;Kd;Nd xU Fz;ldpd; jbabapy; Xh; fWg;gdpd; jiyapypUe;J ,uj;jk; gPWfpwJ. fw;fs; vq;NfNah vq;NfNah ,Ue;J te;J tpOfpwJ. Xh; ngz;iz ehY Ngh;; ju juntd;W gw;iw kiwTf;Fs; ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;L Nghfpd;whh;fs;. me;jg; ngz;zpy; fjwypy; Gjh;r; nrbfs; FYq;Ffpd;wJ. Nky; miwapy; vdJ %d;whtJ gps;is tapw;Wf;Fj;jhy; mOfpwJ. kidtp ,uz;L kzpj;jpahykhf rkh- jhdg;gLj;JtJ Nfl;fpwJ. Mdhy;
vdf;Fj;jh kdk; VTj kd j ;j pd mkpo;fpNwd me;j m VNjh nr rpf;fbj;j JzpAk;> f rpj;jh; epkph Rje;jpukhf nghWg;G vy;yhj;ij Vd; mkpo rpj;jUf;F vd;d fop vd;d ft ifahtJ rhg;gpl Kb Nrur; rhg;g J}q;fp vj kzp gaq Jiuaz;i gpwe;jehS nfjpahf gpwe;jehS 4tJ gpwe miuthrpg mjpYk; m gofpd;Nwh vtUld; g mz;zh>
34

edNthil
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# d pa k;
U gpuik. tpy;iy. hq;fNyh> y Mdhy; d khjphp. pe;jpUf;f> ;W hpNkhl; ;wp khw;wp wh];fpy; al) mg;gb T rdf; gz;fSk;> f..... VNjh f;Fj;jhd; patpy;iy. Kj;Jtpd; .
hTfpwJ. fpwhh;fs;. babapy; ,uj;jk; vq;NfNah ngz;iz gw;iw nfhz;L gz;zpy; ;Ffpd;wJ. d;whtJ OfpwJ. khf rkh- Mdhy;
vdf;Fj;jhd; NkNyNgha; Mwjy;g;gLj;j kdk; VTjpy;iy. Nrhghtpd; nrhFrpYk; kd j ;j pd ; %l;lj ;jpYk; NkYk; mkpo;fpNwd;.
me;j mz;zhkiyr; rpj;jh; vdf;F VNjh nrhy;Ykhg; Nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ. rpf;fbj;j KbAk;> miuj;Jz;Lj; JzpAk;> fhy; tapw;Wf; fQ;rpAld; me;j rpj;jh; epkph;e;J epf;fpw khjphp Vd; vd;dhy; Rje;jpukhf jphpaKbatpy;iy. Rikfs; nghWg;Gf;fs;> flikfs; vd;W vy;yhj;ijAk; J}f;fpg;Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L Vd; mkpo;e;J mkpo;e;J NghfpNwhk;. rpj;jUf;F vd;d ftiy? ve;jr; rPl;L> vd;d fopT> vd;d tl;b> vd;d gpy;... vd;d ftiyfs;. xU Nrhw;Wg; gUf;- ifahtJ ve;j NahrpidAk; ,y;yhky; rhg;gpl Kbfpwjh? ifAk; kdKk; xd;W Nrur; rhg;gpl;L> fz;%b ftiyapy;yhJ J}q;fp vj;jid ehs; Mr;R. nuypNghd; kzp gaq;fukhf myWfpwJ. nry;yj;- Jiuaz;iz jdJ kfspd; 5tJ gpwe;jehSf;;F tul;lhk;. fhyk; vt;tsT nfjpahf XLfpwJ. ,g;NghJ jhd; 4tJ gpwe;jehSf;F NghdJNghiy ,Uf;fpwJ. 4tJ gpwe;jehSf;F 3tJf;F te;jjpy; miuthrpg; NgUk; ,y;iy. ,k;Kiw mjpYk; miuthrpahfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk; Vd; gofpd;Nwhk;> vJf;fhfg; gofpd;Nwhk>; vtUld; gofpd;Nwhk;... vJTk; .,y;yhky; mz;zh> mf;fh> md;hp> mq;fps; cwT
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Kiw NtW. Mdhy; mz;zh mf;fhtplk; mwhtl;b Ntz;Lthh;. md;hp mq;fpSf;F Mapuk; ngha; nrhy;yp mbj;J rj;jpak; nra;thH. ,e;j cwTKiwfshy; nry;yj;Jiu az;izapd; Rw;Wtl;lhuk; tUrj;Jf;F Xh; jlit FiwAk;. Vd; vd;kdk; ve;jf; fhuzKk; ,y;yhky; vy;yh ,lKk; miyfpd;wJ. ||ce;j hPtpapy ,Ue;jJ fhZk;. XUf;fh tapj;- jhiy Nghw kUe;ij Ntz;bf; nfhz;L thq;Nfh. mijf; FLj;jhy; MtJ Rfkha; ,Uf;Fk;.|| kdrp kfis Mw;w Kbahky; vd;Nky; Nfhgkha;f; fhl;Lfp- whs;. Neuj;ijg; ghh;f;fpNwd; ,uT 9.30 kzpahfptpl;lJ. %iyj; njUtpYs;s kUe;Jf; filjhd; ,uT KOf;fj; jpwe;jpUf;Fk;. fhhpy; Nghtijtpl ele;J Nghdhy; kdJ ey;yha; ,Uf;Fk; Nghy ,Uf;F. Ihf;fl;ilAk; ifg;NghidAk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L Nwhl;by; ,wq;fpd;Nwd;. Nwhl; ntwpr;Nrhbf; fplf;fpd;wJ vd; kdk; Nghy ahiuAk; fhztpy;iy. tpbatpba jpUtpohf;fs; ele;j njUf;fs; Nfh;tpA+ rl;lk; te;jNghJ ,Ul;l tu KjNy ,Ul;btpl;lJ Nghy ,e;j nld;khh;f; njUf;fSk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
ifj;njhiyNgrp mbf;fpwJ. khkhTf;F Chpiy fLikahk; xUjuk; mjph;e;J NghNdd;. VNjh xU nfhg;G+o;- nfhb cwT mWe;jJ Nghiy@ jpUtpohTf;F> gs;spf;$lj;Jf;F> glj;Jf;F... irf;fpspy; Kd;dhy; ,Uj;jpf; nfhz;L Ngha;tpl;lJ njhlf;fk;> nld;khh;f; tu ntspf;fpl> nuapy; ];Nurd; tiu te;J mOJ mOJ mDg;gpaJ tiu xd;wd;Nky; xd;whf tUfpwJ. ||vdf;F vd; khkh Ntz;Lk; eP Ntz;Lk;|| fz;fs; fyq;fpwJ. kpf mUfpy; Xh; fhh; te;J tpyj;jpg;NghfpwJ. mLj;j nuypNghd; tUfpwJ. |ePq;fSk; CUf;F tUtpashNkh? | kdk; eprj;ij Nehf;fp jpUk;GfpwJ. gf;uwpapy; yPT fpilf;Fkh? Vf;];uhthfr; nra;Ak; fOTwNtiyia vg;gb rkhspf;fpwJ. fstha; Ntiy
35
nra;Ak; g ehd; Nghl thNdh. v tpruha; ,U khh;f;Ff;F ,Ue;jJ. eprj;ij Na ,Ug;gJf;F
Vd; eh vd; ehL , Ntz;Lk;? ,y;iy... gag;gLfpw my;y mJ ngahpy; Ml;fis NghdhYk; gLf;f Nt tPl;ilNgh
kU e ;i jpUk;GfpNw gpah;g; N nghUl;gl Nghfpd;Nw (fWj;jg; g fj;jpf; Nfl ,Ug;gpDk nfhz;L m Sf;Fj; n gpuIh ch ehl;Lg; g tpy;iy X jbahy; gw kpd;DfpwJ tpl;lJ. m filrpahf kl;Lk; f epahaq;fi fij.|| ehf
||vq;Nf ,Ue;j gp cile;J

f;fhtplk; q;fpSf;F rj;jpak; wfshy; ;Wtl;lhuk; wAk;. Vd; ,y;yhky; . ||ce;j ;fh tapj;- ; nfhz;L ; MtJ s Mw;w ; fhl;Lfp- ,uT 9.30 UtpYs;s KOf;fj; pl ele;J ;Fk; Nghy ghidAk; ;fpd;Nwd;. vd; kdk; pbatpba ; Nfh;tpA+ u KjNy nld;khh;f;
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nra;Ak; gpw;rhfhud; vd;id tpLthNdh. ehd; Nghl;Ltu NtwahiuAk; vLj;jpL- thNdh. vd;d ,J? vd;id epidf;f tpruha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;gbah ,Q;r nld;- khh;f;Ff;F tu Kjy; vd;u Nahrpidfs; ,Ue;jJ. ehd; khwptpl;Nldh? ,y;iy eprj;ij Nahrpj;J ,yq;iff;F Nghfhky; ,Ug;gJf;F epahak; fw;gpf;fpNwdh?
Vd; ehd; gag;gl Ntz;Lk;? ,yq;if vd; ehL ,y;iyah? vJf;F ehd; gag;gl Ntz;Lk;? ehd; JNuhfpah? ,y;iy... ,y;iy... ,y;iy... MdhYk; kdk; gag;gLfpwJ. ehd; tsh;e;j ,yq;if my;y mJ. fhzp cWjp kl;Lk; vd; ngahpy; Mdhy; ahNuh msntl;b Ml;fis ,Uj;jp ,Uf;fpdkhk;. NghdhYk; tPl;Lj; jhthuj;jpy;j;jhd; ehd; gLf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ jq;ifr;rp tPl;ilNgha; epw;fyhk;.
kU e ;i j N t z ;bf ; n f hz ;L jpUk;GfpNwd;. re;jpd; %iyapy; 3>4 Ngh; gpah;g; Nghj;jYld; epw;fpwhh;fs;. nghUl;glj;jhky; jhz;bf; nfhz;L Nghfpd;Nwd;.||Nrhl;l RtPd Nfh nak; || (fWj;jg; gz;bNa tPl;il Ngh) gpd;dhy; fj;jpf; Nfl;fpwJ. cly; cjwpg; NghfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Jzptpid tutioj;Jf; nfhz;L mth;fis neUq;fpwd;. |cq;f- Sf;Fj; njhpAkh vdf;F nld;khh;fpy; gpuIh chpik ,Uf;fpwJ. ehDk; ,e;j ehl;Lg; gpuiIjhd;| nrhy;yp Kbf;f- tpy;iy Xh; ntWk; Nghj;jy; vd; fd;dj; jbahy; gwf;fpwJ. if> fhy;fs; vy;yhk; kpd;DfpwJ. vdJ tY vy;yhk; Ngha;- tpl;lJ. mtq;fSk; Ngha;tpl;lhq;fs;. filrpahf mtq;fs; nrhd;d thh;j;ij kl;Lk; fhjpy; xypf;fpwJ. ||ce;j epahaq;fis cd;u ehl;by Ngha;f; fij.|| ehf;F tuz;L Ngha;f; fplf;fpwJ. ||vq;Nf vd; ehL” If;fw; nghf;fw;wpy; ,Ue;j gps;isapd; kUe;Jg; Nghj;jy; cile;J Ngha; ,Uf;fpwJ.
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njh
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MapDk; kuzk; vd;gJ ehk; fijf;f Kbahj tplak; my;y. xU FLk;gj;jpy; gphpakhf ed;F Nerpf;fg;- gLgtH> ghhpa Neha;tha;g;gLtNjh> md;wp ku zkil tNjh> xU Foe;ijapd; tho;tpy;> ,aw;ifahf mg;gps;is ,aq;Ftij jtpHf;fr;
36
E}y; mwpKfk;: Foe;ijfs; ,isNahH rpwf;f -Ntjh yq;fhjpyfk;
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Gfypa tpQQhd gpsis guhkhpgGf;fytp mwptpid gpireJ vLjJ ,eE}ypy;css flLiufis nkhop ngaHjJj; jeJsshH. ‐tp.rpwP fjpHfhkehjd; (cstpay;epGzH.nldkhHf)
nra;fpd;wJ ntWik juf;$baJ
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nra;fpd;wJ. Foe;ijapd; tho;tpy; ,e;j ntWik epiy kpfTk; Fog;gk; juf;$baJ.
gphpa rNfhjuHfs;> ngw;NwhH> jhj;jh> ghl;b> ez;gHfs; vd;W Foe;ijapd; neUq;fpa md;Gf;F chpatHfs; capUf;Fg; NghuhLk; Neha; tha;g;gLtJ cz;L. md;wp kuzkiltJk; cz;L.
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rpyH fUj;Jf;F vLg;gjpy;iy. gps;isf;F fpilf;Fk; MjuT> neUf;fk; vd;gd kpf vspjhf tpyfpg;NghfpwJ. xU nghJthd mDjhgk; $l mg;gps;isf;F fpi lf;Fk ; epiyapypU e;J tpyfpg;NghfpwJ.
jd; Nerj;jpw;F chpatHfs;> ghhpa Nehapy; tpOk ;NghJ md;wp kuzkilAk;NghJ xU gps;is> Vf;fk;> Jf;fk;> Nfhgk;> Fw;w czHT vDk; gy czHTfis milfpd;wJ. ,ijtpl FLk;gr; #oy; - Rw;Wr; #oy; epi yfSk ; kpf g; ghjpg;ig
cz;lhf;fpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf jhapd; ,og;ghy; je;ij tUe;Jk;NghJ> my;yJ je;ijapd; ,og;ghy; jha; tUe;Jk;NghJ> gps;isia- my;yJ gps;isapd; kdepiyia ahUk; epidj;Jg; ghHg;gjpy;iy. mtutH Jd;gNk mtutHf;Fg; nghpjhf epidf;fj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,jdhy; gps;isf;F fpilf;Fk; MjuT FiwfpwJ. NtW FLk;gj;Jg; nghpatHfs; FLk;gj;jpd; cs;Ns Eio e;J F Lk;g cjtp fs; nra;Ak;NghJ gy jhf;fq;fSf;F>
37
gof;fkw;w Foe;ij M
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jpy;iy. MjuT> vspjhf ghJthd ;isf;F pypU e;J
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gof;fkw;w #oy;> Fog;gq;fSf;F Foe;ij Mshfpd;wJ.
,g;gb xU Nrhfepiy gps;isf;F ele;Js;sJ vd;gJ ghlrhiyapy;> ghyH epiyaq;fspy; $wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rhjhuzkhf vy;NyhUf;Fk; njhpa Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gps;isf;F vy;NyhUk; jdJ Jauj;jpy; gq;F nfhs;fpwhHfs; vDk; xU czHT tUk;. Toikahf mg;gps;isiaj; njhe;juT nra;af;$lhJ. Mikjpahf ,Uf;ftpLq;fs; - vDk; epiyikiaNa ehk; nfhLg;Nghk;. Mdhy; ,g;gbahd mDgtk; me;jg;; gps;isf;Nfh> gps;isAld; neUq;fpa ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shdtUf;Nfh tu ,lk; nfhLf;ff; $lhJ.
gpu r;rpi d vd;gJ ahtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ vDk; Nehf;fpy;> gue;j mstpy; ele;jtw;iwf; fijj;J gpur;rpidiag; gfpuq;fg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; ,g;gbr; nra;tjhy; gpur;rpidia %bitj;Jg; nghpjhf;fhky;> mjpy; Xl;ilNghl;L> rpWJz;Lfshf;- Ffpd;Nwhk;. kpf vspjhdjhf Mf;Ffpd;Nwhk: ,g;gps;isf;F gy nray;ghl;L Kiwapy; ehk; cjtpfs; nra;ayhk;. cjhuzkhf>
glk; tiutJ: ,J xU epahakhd> ,aw;ifahd nray;ghL. je;ij ,we;j gps;isahdhy; mtdplk; cd; FLk;gj;ij tiue;J fhl;Lfpwhah? mg;ghtpd; fy;yiwia tiue;J fhl;Lfpwhah? ChurchI fPwpf; fhl;Lfpwhah? vd;Dk;NghJ gps;is jd;dhy; thHj;ijahy; $w KbahJ kdjpy; GOq;Ftijg; tiue;J fhl;Lthd;. jd; czHit glkhf;fpf;
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fhl;Lthd;. gpd;G mjd; njhlHghf ciu ahl N tz;Lk ;. mg;gb ciuahLtJ mtdJ epidT cyfpDs; EioAk; xU Eiothapyhf ,Uf;Fk;. kw;wg; gps;isfSk;. mtDld; NrHe;J cs;Ns Eioe;J gq;F gw;Wk; epiyik cUthFk;. gy Nfs;tpfs;> gjpy;fnsd rk;gh\id mtHfSf;Fs; ePSk;.
fij thrpj;jy;: ,wg;Gfs; gw;wpa fijfis thrpg;gJ nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ek;gpf;if jUk; rka Gj;jfq;fs; thrpf;fyhk;. ”vdJ nrhe;jg; Gj;jf k;” vDk ; jiyg;gpy;gps;is tiue;j glq;fspd; %yk; tpsf;fq;fis Nfl;L vOjp> mij xU Gj;jfkhf;fp thrpf;fyhk;. ,J mtH nrhe;j vz;zq;fs; ntsptUk; tbfhyhf cUthfyhk;.
ehkhf vLj;Jf; fl;b: fw;gid %yk; gps;isapd; epiyikf;F Vw;g fij $wyhk;. Gpd; gps;isiaAk; mg;gb $Wk;gb Nfl;Lk; kdk;jpwe;J $w top tFf;fyhk;. ,jpy; jdJ epiy - fw;gidAk; kdjpy; ,Ug;gJk; NrHe;J
38
ntspNa t
fdT: fPwp Kaw $wpNdhk;. Kaw;rp. ,g;gbf; f fz;lhah? epidT fd vjpHnfhz ,q;Fk; ntsptUk
tpisa Nghy tpi ,we ;Jt nghpatHf mNjhL e ,Ue;j gps ftdpf;fy
nghk;i ehk; ,jp nfhz;L> ghHitah ,Ue;J gq ,ir Nfl  rpf;fyhk;. ;zq;fs; hfyhk;.
fw;gid f;F Vw;g siaAk; k;jpwe;J dJ epiy k; NrHe;J
ntspNa tu ,lKz;L.
fdT: ,J xU uh[ghij. glk; fPwp Kaw;rpj;Njhk;. fw;gidf; fij $wpNdhk;. ,g;nghOJ czHT %yk; Kaw;rp. cjhuzkhf> ,uT ehd; ,g;gbf; fdT fz;Nld;. eP fdT fz;lhah? vDk;NghJ gps;isapd; ga epidT fdthf> mij xU nghpatH vjpHnfhz;L Nfl;gjhf ciuahlyhk;. ,q;Fk; %bitj;j czHTfs; ntsptUk;.
tpisahl;L: rt mlf;fk; nra;tJ Nghy tpisahlyhk;. xU gwit ,we ;Jtp l;lJ Nghy> ,jpy; nghpatHfSk; fye;J nfhs;syhk;. mNjhL ehKk; xU ftdpg;ghsuhf ,Ue;j gps;isapd; eltbf;ifiaAk; ftdpf;fyhk; - fpufpf;fyhk;.
nghk;ikfs; itj;J tpisahLjy;: ehk; ,jpy; gps;is Nghy gq;F nfhz;L> cs; MshfT k;> ghHitahsuhf> ntsp MshfTk; ,Ue;J gq;F nfhs;syhk;. ,d;Dk; ,ir Nfl;gJ Nghd;W gytifahf  kuzk;> ,wg;G vd;gJ gw;wp ehk; fijf;f KbAk;. ,J ahUNk fijf;f $lhj tplak; my;y vd;gNj. Kbe;jhy; ehk; mf;Foe;ijapd;> me;j cwtpdhpd; rt mlf;fj;jpw;F nry;tJ> ChurchNyh md;wp tPl;bNyh G+r;Nrhlidfspy; gq;FngWtJ. G+r;nrz;Lld; tp[ak; nra;tJ vd;W gps;isapd; jdpikia jtp Hj;jy; eyk;. mNjN ghy rk;ge;jg;gl;l nghpatHfspd; jdpikAk; jtpHf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. kdk;tpl;Lf; fijj;J “mOJ” Jauq;fis J}uj;js;s Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gb Jauk; Jilf;f cjtyhk;.
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1984
,y; jhafj;ij tpl;Lg; gpupe;J 1986 ,ypUe;J nld;khHf; ehl;by; tho;e;J tUk; ftpQH Ky;iya+uhd; Gyk;ngaHe;jJk; rpy fhyq;fs; vOj;Jj;Jiwapy; jd;id  fhfk; vd;w ngaupy; xU khj rQ;rpifiaAk; ntspapl;L te;jhH. rpy jilfspdhy; fhfk; rQ;rpif epWj;j Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jj;Jf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhH. ftpQH Ky;iya+uh- Df;Fk; NehHNt Njd;jkpNohirf;Fk; my;yJ vdf;Fkhd cwT Vw;gl;lJ. mJ ,g;nghOJk; vd; neQ;rpy; gRikaha; tpupe;J fplf;fpwJ.
ftpr;rpj;jpuk;> ftpijf;NfhLfs;> rpWfijfs;> ehlfq;fs;> ciur;rpj;jpuk; vd thndhyp epfo;r;rpfs; jahupj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntis> xt;nthU epf o;r;rpfSf;Fg; gpd;dhYk; ghlnyhd;iwAk; NrHg;Nghnkd KbntLj;J ghly;fis vOjp ,iraikf;fTk; njhlq;fptpl;lhH ftpQH jkae;jp mtHfs;. mt;Ntis
kioJhwp epyk; eide;J njU ePsk; ryryf;Fk; fiskPwp jha;ehlq;F Gif %b ,Uz;bUf;Fk;..
39
Ky;iA+uhDk; mth; jk; mUTUtKk; vd;Ds;... ­A+ypa]; md
vd Mu uhdpd; ft vd;idgh gjpthdJ. Ky;iya+u fpl ;baJ mg;ghlYf ghba jd tpkHrdk; v vdJ thn xypehlhi rpy ehl;f fbjnkhd mjpNy v njhlHghf jhd; jk tbtnkhd sjhfTk vOJtjhf vd;idNa mg;NghJ v nghJthf tUk; ft thrpf;Fk; njhl;lh nfhLf;fg;g fz;lhy; jahupj;J vdyhk;.M rpWfij

;Lg; gpupe;J ; ehl;by; ;iya+uhd; hyq;fs;  ur;rpj;jpuk; ahupj;Jf; t;nthU ;dhYk; ;Nghnkd vOjp ;fptpl;lhH t;Ntis
;..
Ky;iA+uhDk; mth; jk; mUTUtKk; vd;Ds;... ­A+ypa]; md;udp­
vd Muk;gpf;Fk; ftpQH Ky;iya+- uhdpd; ftpijf;F ,iraikj;Jtpl;L vd;idghlr; nrhd;dhH. ghly; gjpthdJ. 2 tUlq;fspd; gpd;G ftpQH Ky;iya+uhid re;jpf;Fk; tha;g;Gf; fpl ;baJ. mg;NghJ mtH mg;ghlYf;fhd ,ir njhlHghfTk;> ghba jd;ik njhlHghfTk; itj;j tpkHrdk; vdf;F cw;rhfj;ijj; juNt> vdJ thndhyp epfo;r;rpfs; mlq;fpa xypehlhit Nfl;Fk; gb nfhLj;Njd;. rpy ehl;fspd; gpd;dH xU ePz;l fbjnkhd;iw vOjp mDg;gpapUe;jhH. mjpNy vkJ xt;nthU epfo;r;rpfs; njhlHghfTk; jFe;j tpkHrdj;Jld;> jhd; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;Js; Gjpa tbtnkhd;iw vOj vz;zpAs;- sjhfTk;; mij thndhypf;nfd vOJtjhfTk;> thndhypj; jahupg;ig vd;idNa nra;Ak;gb Nfl;bUe;jhH. mg;NghJ vd;Ds; xU gak; Vw;gl;lJ. nghJthf rQ;rpiffs;> gj;jpupiffspy; tUk; ftpijfs;> rpWfijfis thrpf;Fk; NghJ mit vd; kdijj; njhl;lhy;> vk; r% fj;J f;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; vdf; fz;lhy; mtw;iw thndhypf;Fj; jahupj;J xypgug;gpaNj mjpfk; vdyhk;.Mdhy; ,g;NghJ xU ftpQH> rpWfij vOj;jhsd; jd;Dila
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Page 40
gilg;Gf;fs; vdJ FuypNy> vdJ jahupg;gpNy tuNtz;Lnkd Nfl;fp- whNu. mjpYk; ftpQH Ky;iya+uhd;  $Hikahd gilg;ghsp. KjpHe;j mDgtk; tha;e;j vOj;jhsd;. ,tuJ vOj;Jf;F vdJ Fuy;  mDgt pj;Jt Uk; epfo;Tjhd; ,J. Mdhy;  ftpijNah> fl;LiuNah my;y ,g;Gjpa
40
tbtj;Jf itg;Nghnk ez;gHfS ~~mUTUtk ,t;tbtj tplaq;fi $wpdhH.
rpy e thry;|| vD xd;W te;j rpj;jputi epuguhjp v mtHfSi
~~vdJ mg;gb cd
fl;li fhuNd
Ngh! Ng nghye me;j e tof;i ehd; m eP mlq ,t;tu cwthbf tPuj;ijf;
ftpQ glhj Nfh capH cs vd;id k wpYk; c ,Ue;jJ. fis v rhapuhg;g+k Mg;fhd; k mtHfsJ jilr;rl Jd;gq;fs;> ftpj;Jt rhapuhg;g+k Eise;J

y> vdJ Nfl;fp- ;iya+uhd; Mokhfg; Hikahd k; tha;e;j f;F vdJ Kiwapy; ;w mr;rk; mtUf;F vdf;Fj; iyiaj; ;fs; te;J
ehl;fspy; py; te;jJ. ,iriaj; k;gpj;Njd;. vd;Ds; ; nry;yr; lg;Gf;Fs; He;Njd;. Jk; rpy k nra;a ;ehl;bNy ;gk; vjpH y;ypakhf J kf;fs; ;Jt Uk; ;jpypUf;Fk; jpapUg;- Nfl;Lf; ;rpiaf; g;gpNdd;. ; vd;id g; Nghy; Nt mtH plq;fspd; uk;gpj;jhH. kpf Tk; fijNah> ,g;Gjpa
tbtj;Jf;F Gjpa nganuhd;iw itg;Nghnkd mtuJ kidtpAlDk;;> ez;gHfSlDk; fye;Jiuahb ~~mUTUtk;|| vd;w ngaiu #l;bdhH. ,t;tbtj;jpNyNa rpy Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fis vOjg; Nghtjhff; $wpdhH.
rpy ehl;fshy; ~~mtHfSila thry;|| vDk; jiyg;gpy; mUTUtk; xd;W te;jJ. ntypf;fil rpiwapy; rpj;jputij mDgtpj;JtUk; xU epuguhjp vOjpa fbjj;jpid itj;Nj mtHfSila thriy vOjpapUe;jhH. ~~vdJ Gd;difiag; gwpg;gjpy; mg;gb cdf;nfd;d ,d;gklh
fl;lis ,lg;gl;l ,uhZtf; fhuNd
Ngh! Ngh! nghyeWitapy; Ms; Japybf;Fk; me;j ePz;l Gj;jid vOg;gp th tof;if tprhupg;Nghk;. ehd; mlq;fpdhy; eP tPud; eP mlq;fpdhy; ehd; tPud;.|| ,t;tupfs; Nrhf tupfNshL cwthbf; nfhz;bUe;j vd;Ds; tPuj;ijf; nfhLj;jJ.
ftpQH vOjpa Fq;Fkk; g+rg; glhj Nfhopf;FQ;Rfs;> rhapuhg; g+kp> capH cs;s rupj;jpuk; Nghd;witAk; vd;id kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ. xt;nthd;- wpYk; capNuhl;lKk;> gpufhrKk; ,Ue;jJ. ,Jtiu Ie;J mUTUtq;- fis vOjpAs;shH. mtw;Ws; rhapuhg;g+kp kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhdJ. Mg;fhd; kf;fspd; rkfhyg; gpur;rid> mtHfsJ fhjy;> me;j murpd; jilr;rl;lq;fshy; kf;fs; gLk; Jd;gq;fs;> midj;ijAk; kpf mofhf ftpj;Jtj;NjhL vOjpapUe;jhH. rhapuhg;g+kpia gbg;NghH Mg;fhdpw;Fs; Eise;J tpLtHfs; vd;gjpy;
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Page 41
Iakpy;iy. vdNt mk;kz;Zf;Fupa ,iriaj; NjLtjpy; gy ehl;fis ehd; nryT nra;aNtz;b ,Ue;jJ.
15 epkplq;fs; njhlHe;J ehd; fz;zPHtpl;L mOJnfhz;Nl xU epfo;r;rp jahupj;Jf; Fuy; nfhLj;Njd; vd;why; mJ ~~capH cs;s rupj;jpuk;|| vd;w mUTUtj;Jf;Nf. vd;dhy; Kbahky; gy jlitfs; xypg;gjpit epWj;jp epWj;jpj; njhlHe;Njd;. vg;gb ,tH ,ij vOjp Kbj;jhH? ,e;j thHj;ijfs; ,tUila ,jaj;jp- ypUe;J vg;gb tpOe;jd? ,ij vOjp Kbg;gjw;Fs; vd; mz;zd; Jbj;Jg; NghapUg;ghNu vd vd; kdk; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ.; ~~vg;gb vOjpdPq;fs;?|| vd mtuplk; Nfl;Nld;. ~~M> vOjp Kbf;Fk; tiu fz;zPH te;jgbjhd;> Mdhy; xU ,lj;jpYk; jlq;fy;
Vw;glNt ,y;iy. nrhw;fs; jilapd;wp te;Jnfhz;Nl ,Ue;jd|| vd;whH.
mUTUtk; vd;w rpj;jpuj;Jf;fg;ghy; mtuJ ftpijfs;> rpWfijfs;> thndhyp ehlfk; Nghd;wit gytw;iwAk; ehd; jahhpj;jpUf;fpNwd;. xU ehs; thndhypapy; khtPuH epfo;r;rp
41
njhlHGfSf;F: jhafk; Njrpafiy ,yf;f 406> ];uhd;yp tPjp aho;g;ghzk;. ,yq;if.
nra;tjw;F jUk;gb goq;fs; mDg;gpdh cz;ikr;r 8 fjhghj;j mt;tpUt moNtz;L xg;ghupf;n ghHj;jJk; nra;jhHf kdk;fyq;f ,g;nghOJ nfhz;bUf
ftpQH $HikAk;> NtW ahU nrhw;fis rpwg;Gj; jd NeHikahf tUgtH. kf;fSf;f fhz;gtH. nra;j mi Njd;jkpNo thndhy ,izaj;j

;Zf;Fupa ehl;fis Ue;jJ. ;J ehd; ;Nl xU hLj;Njd; rupj;jpuk;|| vd;dhy; pg;gjpit d;. vg;gb hH? ,e;j ,jaj;jp- ij vOjp ; Jbj;Jg; ; Jbj;Jf; ~~vg;gb Nfl;Nld;. u fz;zPH lj;jpYk;
rhw;fs; ,Ue;jd||
; f;fg;ghy; fijfs;> hd;wit Uf;fpNwd;. H epfo;r;rp
njhlHGfSf;F: jhafk; Njrpafiy ,yf;fpag; Nguit 406> ];uhd;yp tPjp aho;g;ghzk;. ,yq;if.
nra;tjw;F ehlfk; xd;W vOjpj; jUk;gb Nfl;Nld;. clNd ehtw; goq;fs; vd;w ehlfj;ij vOjp mDg;gpdhH. Ky;iyj;jPtpy; ele;j cz;ikr;rk;gtk; xd;iw tbj;jpUe;jhH. 8 fjhghj;jpuq;fs; 2 ngz;fs; (jha;khH). mt;tpUtUk; xg;ghup itj;J moNtz;Lk;. xypg;gjptpd; NghJ ftpQH xg;ghupf;nfd vOjpa tupfisg; ghHj;jJk; mtHfs; mOJnfhz;Nl nra;jhHfs;. kw;iwa Mz;fSk; kdk;fyq;fp Fuy; tuhJ epd;w fhl;rp ,g;nghOJk; vd; kdij gpope;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
ftpQH Ml;nfhs;Sk; nrhw;fspy; $HikAk;> moFk; epiwe;jpUf;Fk;. NtW ahUk; ghtpj;jpuhj> vOjpapuhj nrhw;fis gpuNahfpg;gJ ,tuJ rpwg;Gj; jd;ik vdyhk;. kdpjj;Jf;fha; NeHikahf Jzpr;ryha; Fuy; nfhLj;J tUgtH. Jd;gj;jpy; thLk; cyf kf;fSf;fhf vOJtjpNyNa jpUg;jp fhz;gtH. ftpQUk; ehDk; ,ize;J nra;j midj;J epfo;r;rpfSk; NehHNt Njd;jkpNohirapYk;> yz;ld; I.gp.rp thndhyp apYk;> jkp o;ehjk; ,izaj;jsj;jpYk; xypgug;gg;gl;ld.
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Page 42
,
e;j Kiw k htPuHehs; epfo;Tfspd; Neub xspgug;ig N[Hkdpapd; Nlhl;%z;l; efuj;jpy; ghHf;fpw tha;g;Gf; fpl;baJ. ntt;NtW ehLfspYk; ,lk; ngw;w - ,lk; ngWfpw epfo;Tfisj; njhlHr;rpahfTk; xOq;fhfTk; cldbahfTk; njhFj;J xspgug;gpdH jkpo;j; njhiyf;fhl;rp epWtdj;jpdH (ttn)
nrwpTk; njspTk; rhuKk; fhuKk; nghUe;jpajhf mike;jpUe;jJ gpughfud; mtHfspd; ciu. jsuhj gilj;jpwd;> NghHtY vd;gdtw;wpd; kPJ cWjpahff; fl;lg;gl;l ek;gpf;ifAk; ngUkpjKk; mtUila Ngr;rpD}lhf ntspg;gl;ld. mtUila fUj;Jf;fs;> newpKiwfNshL cld;glhj gy rpq;fs> Mq;fpy ClftpayhsHfs; kw;Wk; fUj;jpayhsHfs; $l mtUila ciuapd; jHf;fj;ijAk; nghUj;jg;ghl;ilAk; Rl;bf; fhl;b vOjpa Fwpg;GfSk; fl;LiufSk; Mq;fhq;Nf ntspahapd.
yz;ldpy; ,lk; ngw;w khtPuH epfo;tpy; rpwg;Gg; NgUiuahw;wpa kjpAiuQH md;ud; ghyrpq;fk; mtHfs; njhptpj;j rpy fUj;Jf;fSk; jfty;fSk; mtUila Ngr;rpd; vs;sy; njhdpANk ,e;jf; fl;Liuia vOj vz;zj; J}z;baJ.
gpughfud; mtHfspd; ciuf;F
42
khtPuH ehs; ciu ghyrpq;fk; rpe;jidfs; gw;wpa xU kWghHit ­Nrud;­
tpsf;f njspTiu> vJTNk fUjtpy;i kugpypU tpLglt kjpAiuQ gpughfuDi khngUk Mw;wpapUe fl;Lf;N jpl;lkplg;g td;ikAl mJ. m GyikapY kjpEl;gj Iakpy;iy ngw;w mur Gyikahs mtHfs; gh tpohtpy; ~~FiwghLf KjyhtJ mtHfs; j epahak; epahag;ghl ,uh[je gad;gLj;j fPo;j;juk mbf;fb N ghyrpq;fk

khtPuH ehs; ciu ghyrpq;fk; rpe;jidfs; gw;wpa xU kWghHit ­Nrud;­
PuHehs; pgug;ig efuj;jpy; ntt;NtW k; ngWfpw pahfTk; ; njhFj;J yf;fhl;rp
; fhuKk; jpUe;jJ . jsuhj w;wpd; kPJ ;gpf;ifAk; r;rpD}lhf j;Jf;fs;> lhj gy yhsHfs; s; $l ;fj;ijAk; f; fhl;b iufSk;
khtPuH uahw;wpa ; mtHfs; f;fSk; Ngr;rpd; l;Liuia
ciuf;F
tpsf;f ciu> mUk;gj ciu> njspTiu> tpahf;fpahd ciu vd vJTNk mtrpak; vd;W ehd; fUjtpy;iy. jkpopd; ciuahrphpaH kugpypUe;J ehq;fs; ,d;Dk; tpLgltpy;iyNah vd;dNth> kjpAiuQH ghyrpq;fk; mtHfs; gpughfuDila khtPuHehs; ciuf;F khngUk; tpsf;fTiu xd;iw Mw;wpapUe;jhH.
fl;Lf;Nfhg;ghfTk; xOq;FlDk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l Kiwapy; ey;y thf;F td;ikAld; Mw;wg;gl;l tpsf;fTiu mJ. mtUila jkpowptpYk; GyikapYk; nka;apay; Qhdj;jpYk; kjpEl;gj;jpYk; vdf;F vs;sTk; Iakpy;iy. td;dpapy; thOk; Gfo; ngw;w murpay; tuyhw;W Ma;thsUk; GyikahsUkhd K.jpUehTf;fuR mtHfs; ghyrpq;fj;jpd; E}y; muq;Nfw;W tpohtpy; Fwpg;gpl;lijg; Nghy ~~FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk; jkpoPoj;jpd; KjyhtJ ,uh[je;jphp ghyrpq;fk; mtHfs; jhd;.|| vd;w fUj;jpy; kpFe;j epahak; cs;sJ. vdpDk; me;j epahag;ghl;Lf;F mg;ghy; vj;jifa ,uh[je;jpu nkhopiaAk; gad;gLj;jhky; ,dthjKk; ntWg;Gk; fPo;j;jukhd eifr;RitAzHTk; mbf;fb NkNyhq;fpapUe;j ciuia ghyrpq;fk; mtHfs; Mw;wpapUe;jik>
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gl;L jkpoH rhy;Gf;F ,Of;F Vw;gLj;Jtjhf
te; mike;jpUe;jikNa ehd; tpkHrpf;f
kWgf;fk;j tpUk;GfpNwd;.
ey;nyz;nz xUtifapy; ,J ngUk; mjpHr;rpia
fha; fl;Lk vdf;Fs; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;Nw $w
,dthjg; Ntz;Lk;. fle;j rpy Mz;LfshfNt
Jf;fs; mtH Mw;wpapUf;Fk; ciufspy;
kl;Lkd; ,j;jifa ,ay;G tputpf; fhzg;gl;-
ntWg;igA likiag; gyH ,dq;fz;bUf;f KbAk;.
Cf;Ftpf;F Gj;j kjj;ijAk; rpq;fs
Gj;j k kf;fisAk; Gj;j gpf;FfisAk; gw;wpa
Nfhl;ghLf mtuJ nghJg;gilahd fUj;J xd;wpy;
caHe;j m Muk;gpg;Nghk;.
jsq;fspy ~~rpq;fstDila Nky; khbapy;
vy;yh k xd;Wk; ,y;iy|| vd;W ,opTld; mtH
nka;apaY Fwpg;gpl;lNghJ rigapy; ,Ue;J ngUQ;
eilKiw rphpg;nghyp vOe;jJ. mJ mtiug;
jpy;iy. g Gsfhq;fpjk; milar; nra;jpUf;fyhk;.
,yq;if Mdhy; xl;L nkhj;jkhf xU ,dj;ijg;
vd;gJ G gw;wp ,j;jifa gbthHg;Gj; jd;ikahd
tUtjpy (STEREOTYPICAL) mtJ}W njhptpg;-
newpgpwo gJ gpioahdJ kl;Lky;y ,dthjk;
eilKiw rhHe;jJk; MFk;. ,J> vq;fisg; gw;wp
Nfhl;ghLf kw;iwatHfs; nrhy;yp tUfpw
kjq;fs; g Nkhrkhd nghJg;gilahd> gbthHg;Gg;
kpfg; ng fUj;Jf;fisAk; epahag;gLj;jptpLk;.
kjq;fspY vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf jkpoHfs; vy;NyhUk;
~nkhl;ilf td;KiwahsHfs;; vd;w nghJf; fUj;J
Rl;Ltjd; ,q;F NtW gy r%fq;fspy; epyTfpwJ.
,e;j ,i ,e;jf; fUj;ij vOJfpw fdba
tpl Kba ClftpayhsUk; ~Ma;thsUk;| $l
~,e;J rPHjp ,q;Nf cs;sdH. xU rpyhpd; td;-
$WtJjhd KiwAk; rz;bj;jdKk; xl;L
eifr;Rit nkhj;jkhf xU kf;fs; $l;lj;Jf;F Kj;jpiuahf
~nkhl;ilfs;| vd;W Gj;j gpf;Ffi #l;lg;gl KbAkh?
Rl;Ltjd; %yKk; jpl;Ltjd; %y ~rpq;fstd; Nkhil- ad;| vd;w ,dthjk; gbthHg;G (RACIAL STEREO TYPE) jkpo- uRf; fl;rp> jkpoH $l;lzp
,e;j ,ilntspia xUtUk; e tpl KbahJ. Gj;jiu ~,e;J| vd ~,e;J rPHjpUj;jthjp| vd;Wk; ghy
$WtJjhd; kpfg;nghpa nka;apa fhyj;jpypUe;J Koq;fg;-
eifr;Rit.
43

~nkhl;ilfs;| vd;W Gj;j gpf;Ffisr; Rl;Ltjd; %yKk; jpl;Ltjd; %yKk;> ,e;j ,ilntspia xUtUk; epug;gp tpl KbahJ. Gj;jiu ~,e;J| vd;Wk; ~,e;J rPHjpUj;jthjp| vd;Wk; ghyrpq;fk; $WtJjhd; kpfg;nghpa nka;apay; eifr;Rit.
j;Jtjhf tpkHrpf;f
jpHr;rpia d;Nw $w fshfNt iufspy; fhzg;gl;- ;f KbAk;. rpq;fs Ak; gw;wpa ;J xd;wpy;
khbapy; ld; mtH ;J ngUQ; mtiug; pUf;fyhk;. ,dj;ijg; d;ikahd njhptpg;- ,dthjk; sg; gw;wp tUfpw bthHg;Gg; j;jptpLk;. y;NyhUk; f; fUj;J pyTfpwJ. fdba Uk;| $l hpd; td;- k; xl;L
gl;L te;j xd;Wjhd;. ,jDila kWgf;fk;jhd;. ~jkpod; Raeythjp> ey;nyz;nza;g; Nghj;jYk; KUq;iff;- fha; fl;Lkhfj; jphpgtd;| vd;w rpq;fs ,dthjg; gbthHg;G. ,j;jifa fUj;- Jf;fs; cz;ikay;y vd;gJ kl;Lkd;W> kf;fSf;fpilNa ntWg;igAk; Kl;lhs; jdj;ijAk;jhd; Cf;Ftpf;Fk;.
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44
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46
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47
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NguhrphpaH [pahu;[; vy;.twhu;l; mtu;fs; Mq;fpyf; fl;Liuapd; jkpohf;fk; j
kpo; xU nrk;nkhop vd;w jFepiy gw;wpa xU tpsf;fTiu toq;fNtz;Lnkd;W Nfl;Lf; n f h z ; l j w ; f p z q ; f > ngUkfpo;r;rpAld; Vw;W ,jid vOJ 1975-k; Mz;L Kjy; ngu;f;sp fypNg ehd; xU Nguhrpupauhf cs;Nsd; jw jiytd;. 1970 Mk; Mz;L `hu;tL gy (rkRfpupj)g; gl;lk; ngw;Nwd;. vdJ Kj tp];fhd;rpd; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; tl Vw;wJ. jkpo;> tlnkhop jtpu ,yj;jPd mwpe;J mtw;wpd; %yk; me;j ,yf;fpa Ma;T E}y;fisAk; tpupthf gbj;Js
mtw;Wld; Urpad;> n[u;kd;> gpnud nkhopfspUk; ey;y gupr;rak; cz;L. m tpupthff; fw;Ws;Nsd;. ,it jtpu ,e kiyahs E}y;fis mk;nkhopfs; thapy Mq;fpy nkhopahf;fq;fspd; topAk; gbjJ jiyaha; mwpQu;fSs;; xUtuhd jpU nebJ ciuahlg; ngw;w tha;g;G ghuk;gupaj;ijAk; ed;F mwpNtd;. fpo ePz;l ehs; cWg;gpdd; vd;w Kiwa nropg;ig mwpe;JzUk; tha;g;Gk; ngw tu;kh E}y;fis Mokhfg; gapd;Ws;Ns
ehd; gy Mz;Lfis cz;ikapy ngUk;gFjpia tlnkhopf; fy;tp - M fhspjhru; kfh gilg;Gf;fis KOi E}y;fspy; gy gFjpfisAk; tlnkh ,it jtpu ,Uf;Ntj Ie;jhtJ % cgdprj;Jf;fisAk; khghujk;> fj E}y;fspy; ngUk; gFjpfisAk;> kw E}y;fisAk; fw;Ws;Nsd;.
ehd; ,tw;iwnay;yhk; ,q;F nrh ntspg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpy; md;W. xU ghq;ifr; rPu;J}f;Fk; jFjp vdf;F cz kl;LNk. vt;tifahd msitf; Nehf;fpdhYk;> Nkyhd cyf gh

rphpaH [pahu;[; whu;l; mtu;fs;
f; fl;Liuapd; kpohf;fk;
nrk;nkhop vd;w a xU tpsf;fTiu nkd;W Nfl;Lf; w ; f p z q ; f > d; Vw;W ,jid vOJfpNwd;. ;L Kjy; ngu;f;sp fypNghu;dpah gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; rpupauhf cs;Nsd; jw;rkak; mq;F jkpo;j;Jiw Mk; Mz;L `hu;tL gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; tlnkhop ;lk; ngw;Nwd;. vdJ Kjy; mDgtk; 1969y; Nkbrd;> y;fiyf;fofj;jpy; tlnkhopg; Nguhrpupau; Ntiy lnkhop jtpu ,yj;jPd;> fpNuf;fr; nrk;nkhopfis pd; %yk; me;j ,yf;fpaq;fisAk;> nkhop xg;gpay; sAk; tpupthf gbj;Js;Nsd;. Urpad;> n[u;kd;> gpnud;R Mfpa jw;fhy INug;gpa y;y gupr;rak; cz;L. mk;nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; s;Nsd;. ,it jtpu ,e;jpa ,yf;fpaq;fspy;> jkpo; is mk;nkhopfs; thapyhfTk;> gpw nkhop E}y;fis hf;fq;fspd; topAk; gbj;Js;Nsd;. njYq;F nkhopapd; u;fSs;; xUtuhd jpU tp.ehuhazuht; mtu;fSld; hlg; ngw;w tha;g;Gf;fs; top mk;nkhopapd; k; ed;F mwpNtd;. fpof;fhrpa nkhopfs; Jiwapd; Wg;gpdd; vd;w Kiwapy; ,e;jpnkhop ,yf;fpar; ;JzUk; tha;g;Gk; ngw;Nwd;;. Jsrp> fgPu;> kfhNjt
Mokhfg; gapd;Ws;Nsd;. z;Lfis cz;ikapy; 1969 Kjy; vd; tho;tpd; tlnkhopf; fy;tp - Ma;tpy; gad;gLj;jpAs;Nsd;. gilg;Gf;fis KOikahfTk;> gthup> rpwP>fu;rh gFjpfisAk; tlnkhop %yj;jpy; gbj;Js;Nsd;. Uf;Ntj Ie;jhtJ %yg; nghj;jfj;ijAk;> gy sAk; khghujk;> fjh rupjrhfuk;> Mjprq;fuu; k; gFjpfisAk;> kw;Wk; gy nkhop tlnkhop w;Ws;Nsd;.
wnay;yhk; ,q;F nrhy;tJ> vdJ mwpthw;wiy Nehf;fj;jpy; md;W. xU ,yf;fpaj;jpy; nrk;nkhopg; f;Fk; jFjp vdf;F cz;L vd;gijj; njspTgLj;j ifahd msitf; Nfhl;ghLfisj; Nju;e;J ;> Nkyhd cyf ghuk;gupaq;fs;> nrk;nkhop
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,yf;fpaq;fisf; nfhz;l nkhopfspy;> epr;rakhfj; jkpo; xU rpwg;ghd ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ vd;gij ve;jj; jaf;- fKkpd;wp cWjpahfr; nrhy;y KbAk;. ,jw;fhd fhuzq;fs; gy> mtw;iw xt;nthd;whfg; ghu;g;Nghk;:
Kjd;ikahf> jkpo; kpfj;njhd;- ikahd nkhop. gpw ,e;jpa nkhopfspd; jw;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fis tplj; jkpo; Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;FNky; fhyj;jhy; Kw;gl;lJ. jkpopd; goikahd E}yhd njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; gFjpfs;> gioa fy;ntl;LfisAk;> nrg;NgLfisAk; itj;J Nehf;Fk;NghJ fp.K. 200 Mz;bw;F Kw;gl;ljhfj; njupfpwJ. goe;jkpopd; ngUik Nghw;Wk; rq;f fhyj; jdpg;ghly; jpul;Lf;fs;> gj;Jg; ghl;L Nghd;wit fp.gp. Kjy; ,uz;L E}w;whz;Lfisr; Nru;e;jit. mit ,e;jpahtpy; Kjy;Kjyhd> rkaq;f- Sf;F mg;ghw;gl;l> cyfpay; tho;T jOtpa rpwg;Gila ghly; njhFjpfshFk;.
,uz;lhtjhf> ,e;jpa kz;zpd; kzk; fkOk; ,yf;fpag; ghuk;gupakhf> tlnkhopj; njhlu;gpy;yhJ Njhd;wpr; nropj;jJ jkpo; kl;LNkahFk;. tlnkhopapd; jhf;fk; njw;Nf gutp tYg;ngWtjw;F kpf Kd;djhfj; Njhd;wpait jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs.; mit gz;gpy; juj;jpy; tlnkhop> gpw ,e;jpa nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fspypUe;J NtWgl;L epw;f;fpd;wd. jdf;Nf cupa nra;As; mikg;G Kiwfs;> ,yf;fzg; ghuk;gupak;> jkpo; kz;zpy; Njhd;wpa Ez;zwptpaypd; vopy;> jd;Ndupy;yhJ gue;J tpupe;J ,yf;fpar; nropg;Gk;> jdpj;jd;ikAk; nfhz;lJ.
xg;Gtikaw;w ,e;jpag; gz;ghl;L czu;Tfis jkf;Nf cupa Kiwapy; jkpo; ,yf;fpq;fs; ntspf;nfhzu;e;Js;- sd. tpupe;j gue;j> kpfr; nropg;ghd>
49
Ez;khz; nfhz;l n kw;w ,e;jp ngupJk; kh cs;slf;f
%d;wht rk];fpUj mugpag; xg;gpLk;Ng epw;Fk; j aq;fs;. mt jpz;ikAk ghu;itAk gz;ghl;Lg fspd; tupi je;Js;sd. mLj;j e kf;fisg; Kw;fhy , mwk;ghLk E}y;fspy vd;gJ ah jpUf;F ghuk;gupaj gy gd;Kf E}y;fspy; aiy mf Njhw;wq;fS ,yf;fpak
Kj;jha fyhrhuj;j Cw;Wf; Kjd;ika (Rje;jpuk ghuk;gupa nra;As; g gw;wp Vw;fd
mNjNg fhyk; nj jkpou; , Ngupyf;fpa Nfhl;ghLfS

hopfspy;> hd ,lk; j; jaf;- ;y KbAk;. > mtw;iw
pfj;njhd;- khopfspd; plj; jkpo; fhyj;jhy; d E}yhd ;> gioa fisAk; p.K. 200 jupfpwJ. ;Wk; rq;f s;> gj;Jg; y; ,uz;L . mit rkaq;f- y; tho;T ghly;
kz;zpd; ;gupakhf> Njhd;wpr; kahFk;. ;Nf gutp d;djhfj; ;fpaq;fs.; khop> gpw spypUe;J ;Nf cupa yf;fzg; Njhd;wpa dupy;yhJ nropg;Gk;>
gz;ghl;L Kiwapy; hzu;e;Js;- ropg;ghd>
Ez;khz; EioGyd; tpisr;riyf; nfhz;l ngl;lfq;fs; mit. tlnkhop> kw;w ,e;jpa nkhopfspy; cs;sijtpl ngupJk; khWgl;l> ,e;jpa mwpTzu;it cs;slf;fpait.
%d;whtjhf> cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w rk];fpUj> fpNuf;f> ,yj;jPd;> ghu;rp> mugpag; Ngupyf;fpaq;fSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ> juj;jpy; Kd;dzpapy; epw;Fk; jFjpAilait jkpopyf;fp- aq;fs;. mtw;wpd; El;gKk;> KOikAk>; jpz;ikAk;> cyfshtpa gy;Nehf;Fg; ghu;itAk;> jkpio cyfpd; rpwe;j gz;ghl;Lg; ghuk;gupaq;fs;> ,yf;fpaq;- fspd; tupirapy; mku;j;Jk; jFjpiaj; je;Js;sd. Kjd;ikahd> Kjd;ikf;F mLj;j epiyapduy;yhJ nghJ kf;fisg; gw;wpAk; tpupthfg; NgRk; Kw;fhy ,e;jpa ,yf;fpak; jkpo; xd;Nw. mwk;ghLk; cyfpd; Kjd;ikahd E}y;fspy; nghJthdJ jpUf;Fws; vd;gJ ahtUk; mwpe;jNj.
jpUf;Fws; jkpopd; ,yf;fpag; ghuk;gupaj;ijg; giwrhw;wj; Njhd;wpa gy gd;Kf> gy;tif Jiw Kjd;ik E}y;fspy; xd;Nwahk;. khe;ju; tho;tp- aiy mfo;e;jha;e;J mjd; gd;Kfj; Njhw;wq;fSf;F xspNaw;wpajpy; jkpo; ,yf;fpak;  jkpo; jw;fhy ,e;jpaf; fyhrhuj;jpw;Fk; ghuk;gupaj;jpw;Fk; Cw;Wf; fz;zhf tpsq;Fk; xU Kjd;ikahd jd;dpiy> jw;rhu;Gs;s (Rje;jpukhd) nkhop. njw;fj;jpa ghuk;gupaj;jpd; jhf;fk; tlnkhop nra;As; ghuk;gupaj;jpy; gutpAs;sJ gw;wp Vw;fdNt tpupthf vOjpAs;Nsd;. mNjNghy; rpwg;Gilait. rq;f fhyk; njhlq;fpa ghly; njhFjpfs;> jkpou; ,e;J rkaj;jpd; Gdpjkpf;f Ngupyf;fpaq;fs; mit jw;fhy ,e;Jf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;F mbj;js mjhu cWjp
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jUgit. mtw;wpDila fUj;Jf;fs; rk];fpUj> njYq;F> fd;dl nkhopfspy; gftj Guhzk;> kw;w E}y;fspy; Vw;nwhOfg;gl;L> Nky; ,e;jpah KOJk; gutpAs;sd. Gdpjj;jpy; tlf;fpd; ehd;F Ntjq;fSf;F ,izahff; fUjg;gLk; E}y;fs; jkpopy; cs;sd. mj;jpU- Kiwfs; Ntj ke;jpuq;fNshL> jpUg;gjp Nghd;w itztj; jyq;fspy; Xjg;gLfpd;wd. jw;fhy Mupa - ,e;jpa nkhopfSf;F tlnkhop Cw;Wf; fz;zhf ,Ug;gijg; NghyNt> jw;fhyj; jkpo;> kiyahsk; Nghd;w nkhopfSf;Fr; nre;jkpo; mbg;gil. ,e;jpa Mupa nkhopfspy; rk];fpUjk; khw;wq;fis Vw;fhj> goik NgZk; nkhopahf ,Ug;gijg; NghyNt> jpuhtpl nkhopfspy; goik Nghw;Wk; nkhop jkpo;> jpuhtplupd; ,ay;G. Kd;Ndw;wk; gw;wp mwpa tpUk;Gk; nkhopapayhu; ehLk; ciufy;.
jkpo; Vd; ,d;Dk; nrk;nkhopahff; fz;L Vw;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gijg; Gupe;J- nfhs;s KidAk;NghJ> ehd; xU murpay; fhuzj;ijNa fhZfpNwd;. jkpo; nrk;nkhopahfj; Nju;T nra;ag;gl;lhy;> kw;w ,e;jpa nkhopfSk; me;j epiyf;F cupik nfhz;lhf;$Lk; vd;w mr;rNk. ,J Njitaw;w ftiy. jw;fhy ,e;jpa nkhopfspd; rpwg;igAk; ehd; mwpNtd; - mit cyf nkhopfs; gytw;Wld; xg;gpLk;NghJ nropg;Gk;> Mf;fj;jpwDk; nfhz;lit.
mit xt;nthd;Wk; cyf nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F ,izahd ,ilf;fhy> jw;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fisf; nfhz;lit. MdhYk; mtw;wpy; vJTk; nrk;nkhopad;W. Mq;fpyk; Nghd;w jw;fhy INuhg;gpa nkhopfs; (fpNuf;fk; jtpu) Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j nrk;nkhopfspd; ghuk;gupaj;ijj; jOtpg; gpd;dhy; fp.gp.
50
,uz;lha INuhg;ght KOJk; f vd;whYk Mq;fpyK epiyiaf nrk;nk xU nkhop Sf;Fg; n goe;njhd;i fpisahf ghuk;gupak kpFe;j go fisf; fz Ntz;Lk; nkhopfi Nkw;nrhd;d jd;dfj;Nj nkhopNghy nkhopf;F Ntw;Wnkho KOikah tsu;r;rpg; g gok;ngUk tpupf;ftpay nfhz;lit jkpo; rpwg;Gf;fs epiyehl ciuia tpe;ijahf ngUikkpf kjq;fspy thjhLti tpsq;Fk; n vd;w Nk mwpe;jtu;f cs;sq;i nrk;nkhopj ,e;jpa e fUthd kWg;gjhF

j;Jf;fs; fd;dl k;> kw;w ;L> Nky; pAs;sd. ehd;F Ujg;gLk; mj;jpU- > jpUg;gjp q;fspy; - ,e;jpa Cw;Wf; ghyNt> ; Nghd;w bg;gil. ];fpUjk; NgZk; > jpuhtpl k; nkhop d;Ndw;wk; yhu; ehLk;
hopahff; jg; Gupe;J- ehd; xU ZfpNwd;. ; Nju;T khopfSk; ;lhf;$Lk; ;w ftiy. pwg;igAk; nkhopfs; nropg;Gk;>
f nkhop zahd q;fisf; py; vJTk; ; Nghd;w (fpNuf;fk; khopfspd; ;dhy; fp.gp.
,uz;lhapuj;jhz;by; tsu;e;jit. INuhg;ghtpd; nrk;nkhopahf cyf KOJk; fpNuf;fk; mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;whYk; mjdhy; > gpnud;Rk;> Mq;fpyKk; nrk;nkhopfSf;fhd epiyiaf; NfhuKbAk;.
nrk;nkhopg; ghuk;gupaj; jFjpngw> xU nkhop gy rPu;epiyf; Nfhl;ghLf- Sf;Fg; nghUe;j Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fg; goe;njhd;ik> NtnwhU ghuk;gupaj;jpd; fpisahf mikahj jw;rhu;G tsu;r;rpg; ghuk;gupak; ,tw;Wld; nry;tr; nropg;G kpFe;j gok; ,yf;fpaj; njhFg;Gf;- fisf; fzprkhd msT ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpw jw;fhy ,e;jpa nkhopfisg; Nghyy;yhJ jkpo; Nkw;nrhd;d vy;yhj; jFjpfisAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;lJ. jkpo;> ,yj;jPd; nkhopNghy; kpfkpfg; goikahdJ> mugp nkhopf;F %j;jJ. tlnkhop my;yJ Ntw;Wnkhopj; jhf;fq;fs; ,y;yhky;> KOikahd jd;dpiyj; Njhw;wk;. tsu;r;rpg; ghuk;gupaq;fSilaJ. mjd; gok;ngUk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; nrhy;ypy; tpupf;ftpayhg; gug;Gk;> nry;tr; nropg;Gk; nfhz;lit.
jkpo; nrk;nkhop ,yf;fpar; rpwg;Gf;fs; cilaJ vd;w cupikia epiyehl;l> ehd; ,JNghy; xU ciuia vOj Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ> tpe;ijahfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,J ,e;jpah ngUikkpf;f ehL> ,e;Jrkak; cyf kjq;fspy; rpwe;j xd;W vd;W thjhLtijg;Nghd;wJ. cyfpy; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; nrk;nkhopfspy; jkpo; xd;W vd;w Nkyhd jFjp> nkhopapay; mwpe;jtu;fSf;F nts;spil kiy> cs;sq;if ney;ypf;fdp. jkpopd; nrk;nkhopj; jFjpia Vw;f kWg;gJ> ,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd; ngUikf;Ff; fUthd ikag; gFjpiaf; fhz kWg;gjhFk;.
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