Page 1
Μμήτες 997
he South Asian Coordinating Committce i
at a Regional Workshop on South Asian
Bangladesh in December 1994 by some cc for Ill has idcIntifical scwcral areas for action such ment, Wiolence Against Women, Trafficking in Chauvinismu. However, political empowermcnt c women as an area of action and they wanted to participation of womcil and to recognise women's
The following areas were identified as needing sig
l, Women's uncoual access to political powe)
positions. 2. Discrimination in employment, property ri
of decision making. 3. FLIIldamentalism, laws that wictimize won of black money that distorts the political ag
Among the strategies suggested to increase But not all women were in favour of the quotasy principles of equality and merit are concerned. political parties, bureaucracy, thc UN, trade u NGOs, youth and other social groups to give cqu: resentation to women was acceptcd as an interim cgy. In 1995 August, when the same women met the idea of a S.A.C.I.E.W. Newsletter was lootc. responsibility of starting the process and bringir the first issulic fell oil thc Womcil's Education all search Centre of Sri Lanka and here colles the firs' if the SACPEW Newslett,
We take this opportu Inity to tha ılık all the The countries who have sent us the Country Reports. was a great deal of delay duc to thc distance, des Mail and Fax facilitics some of LLs arc still not con1 to this incw communication chanicl!
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Editel hy Women's Education und Research Centre (WT.RC) -
 
 
 

or Political Empowerment of Women was formed Platforn of Action hcld in Koilta Monikgang, oncerned women. The Regional South Asian Platas Economic Empowerment, Political EmpowerWomen, Religious Fundamentalism and Ethnic if women was singled out by a few South Asian work towards the goal of increasing the political s role in politics and social movcincints.
gnificant transforinnatio11.
Lerr" which is reflected in their social and cco Iloil
ights, social rights, cducation, health lild all lev
en, coil. InLinal disharmony and thc increasing ri genda .
women's participation, the quota system was ol, stcm bccause ofits inbuiltinadequacy as far als rhHowever, thc strengthening of lobbying with the inions,
al rep
SI- Contents at Fiji
The Editorial
翡 Political Stalls of WInch in
lg collt Bangladesh: Mirage or Reality: d Re- * The Path Towards Political tiss Lle Empowerment of Wolthen : an
Indian Perspective Women Representation in
Decision making Prixess-Nepil
r Women in Pakistan : An Overview-ארtווחט
Ther "I Wouncimi i duc Sri Lankan Politicil
Sctine
pite E
1cctcd
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Page 2
The fundamental position that we take an the realisation that without political power, won as an alternative to the mainstream. To mainstre legal reforms, legal rights education, labour leg need to have political power in the decision m common vision.
Let me conclude emphasising what our vision i. countries.
The Overall Vision : a world with gender-sensitive laws, policies and a world of opportunity whereby resources are ec a world where women and men recognize and a a world with an environment which is free and fe equal opportunity for all; a world of gender equality that provides equal r port of just, gender-balanced socio-political orde a world of participatory democracy for all based a world where political culture is based on econc a world of transparency and accountability in th a world of men and women motivated and comu a world free fτους, kind of structural violence
discrimination, conflict and poverty.
Political Status of Women
in the last quarter century, despite constitution
in the political status of women and their re
enced periods of democracy (1972-74), one democracy (1977-82), reintroduction of Martia democracy in 1990; but women have not fared a 111cht.
Since 1991, the head of the government a no significant changes in political status and part tion grants equal rights to all citizens in all spher tation of women in the electoral process. The pa in politics and limits their access and contributio Though women have marched forward in many and decision making. Discriminatory attitudes parties. Women's Wing in political parties are a they have faced challenges to have their own r according to their choice.
O GO, GO GO GO, GO GO GO, GO GO GO GO GO, GO GO, GO GO GO, GO GO, GO GO GO GO, GO GO SACPEW

demphasise as an imperative in our joint venture is en in the margins and womens agenda will remain am gender and to become instrumental in effecting slation and stop violence and harassment, women aking spheres. This is our common.voice and our
in terms of our goals as identified by the member
programmes; suitably shared by all; cknowledge each other's needs and responsibilites; arless, and provides access to education, literacy and
presentation for women, with the continuing supr;
on equitable distribution of resources; omic independence and free choice.
socio-economic and political system; mitted to work for social transformation against women, such as physical and mental abuses,
in Bangladesh: Mirage or Reality?
Professor Ishrat Shamim and Farah Kabir Centre for Women and Children Studies
lal provisions, there have been no significant changes presentation in Bangladesh. The country has experi party rule (1975), Martial Law (1975-77), return to l Law and autocracy (1982–90) and restoration of ny better, under one or the other system of govern
nd the leader of the opposition are both women, yet icipation of women have come forth. The constitus of life. However, it is not reflected in the represenriarchal system restrains women from participating in to the shaping of the present and future of society. spheres of life, they still lag behind men in planning have led to marginalisation of women in political :tivated only to mobilise women's votes. However, presntatives, get attention to their issues and vote
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Page 3
Women in Parliamentary Elections
The Parliament consists of 300 seats filled constituencies and 30 seats are reserved for wom
1991 Women won 8 ie. 2.7% gen 1988 1.3% 1986 1.7%
In 1991 the number of seats occupied by accounted for 10.3% with the reserved seats, but
Women in the Seventh Parliament 1996
Voters in general and women in particular that participation of women was 80-85%. Howe tion than in 1991, nominations being 3 or 4 fron Development is one of the topics. The major part that women's rights would be established.
Contesting Candidates in the Ekstion Jur
Total contested : 257 Female candidates : 36 Won the Poll (Women) : 5
The 5 women who won included the former Prin
Gender equality or equity in the political arena in
Some of the obstacles to women's political partic
Lack of political awareness Limited participation in political spheres Economic dependency of women on male Lack of family and social support for parti Influence of religion, rigidity of religious Absence of women in political hierarchy Absence of women's issues in political age Money, muscle and manipulation of politi participating in mainstream politics.
Reserved seats for women in Parliament
There has been no contest for these reser party obtaining the majority. These seats are usua
majority party.
Women in the Cabinet
1991 Khaleda Zia - Prime Minister 1996 Sheikh Hasina - Prime Minister Only one other full woman minister today
Women in the Local Government
At present there are 23 chair persons of woman has yet been elected as chairperson of po
03

by direct election from single member territorial
c.
eral seats
women was 4. Women in the legislature therefore without, it was l.3%.
have become more aware of their voting rights so ver, the major parties gave fewer women nominan each party. In their election manifestos Women's
tes have all mentioned, though not very specifically,
he 996
me Minister and the Leader of the Opposition.
l Bangladesh shows a huge gender gap.
ipation
members cipation in electoral politics practices obstruct women's participation in politics
nda
cs and the election process discourage women from
ved seats, because the electoral process favours the illy filled by women as nominated candidates of the
for 3 ministries
Jnion Parishads out of a total of 446l unions. No lurashva Parishad (Municipal)
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Page 4
Conclusion
Women are mobilised by political parties change and enhancing women's present politic; constitucincy and arc deprived of their represcintal ladeshı.
The Path Towards
Cor Coordinator for South Asia Co
omen's political empowerment and eq are critical elements in women's strug society.
Since 1970s government and non-govern. mented plans for women's development through women's conditions have not improved: brides a foetus are thrown into dust bins. Discrimination a women are under the poverty line.
This is primarily because women are not in polic by the women's movement to change gender dis 74th a meldincints were passed.
Uildcr the 73rd ancIldmcnt l3 seats has Institutions which now hawe about 100,000 elcci the elections, Awarciness of women's rights had
The 74th amendment provided reservatio February 97 elections Delhi Municipal Corporati lcd to women's entry into local politics, Active State Assemblies is currently in progress. All natic their manifestos, subscquently.
The Bill for 81stamendment is expected to The National Commission for women has bough to lobby for the Reservation Bill.
However, this is just a step towards gend eillpowerment in India.
The Centrc foe Social Research (CSR), a for woılınen from Panchayat to Parliament . It ha: Politics in India.
AL regional level CSR and other NGOs for Political Empowerment of Women (SACPEW) v
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or winning elections not for bringing about social status, Women are not recogniscd as a political on in politics and decision makingbodies il Bang
Political Empowerment of Women in India. It lifteetire Kg Frl? N? rili
rtinator National Network for Women in Politics ordination Committee on Political Empowerment
ial participation in all decision making institutions gle against their subordinate status in funnily luld
ment and international organisations have impleeconomic, social and legal intervcntion, However, re burnt, girl children suffocatcd to death, female gainst womenis scio extreme that a large Innajority of
y making positions. Due to the challenge taken up :Criminatiotlı in the power strLLctılırc, the 73rd ilııd
'e been reserved for women at the Panchayat Raj ed women, while 500,000 women participated in ccIl created across the country.
1 of scats for women ill LLIban local hodics. In the on reservcd 46 out of 134 wards for women which obbying for similar reservation in Parliament and nal levelpoliticalpartics included this provision in
be introduced in the current session of Parliament, t together NGOs, Parliamentarians, acainedicians
r cquality, which is the ultimate goal of women's
'GO, has been lobbying for the rescrvation of seats ; also formed a National Network for WIle11 in
ned the South Asian Coordination Committec for ich its Sccretariat at CSR Delhi.
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Page 5
At the Huairou Conference, the networks the launch of the Global Network for Women in The CAPWIP holds an annual conference of NGC major issues related to empowerment particular strategies for training them, and lobbying.
Violence against women is another majori women is so extreme in India that in spite of strc has no clear policy decision to eliminate violence distress.
However, its efforts are geared towards c towards a violence free society, so that women c NGOs across the country and launched a Nati bringing out a Violence Update containing articl
Women Representation ir
epal is a small country where 90% of the agricultural activities.
The 1991 census reveals that 50% of the popula shows that 71% of the population live at the pov The Literacy rate is 45% while women's literacy Life expectancy of males is 55.3%, females 52.6% Political participation of women is very low and social and political position
Women's Political Participation
The political history of Nepal divides into
(l) 1847 - 195l rule by the feudal family of R
(2) 1950 - the autocratic rule of the Ranas w; were in the forefront in the movement for
(3) Since then according to the new constituti elections, to hold any political position by is also stipulated that each political party House of Representatives. However, wom ing position is very marginal.
After 1990, 7 women were elected to the ) for the National Council (Parliament’s Upper H.
O5

of all regions on women in politics, culminated in Politics (CAPWIP) with its secretariat in Manila. Ds and women in politics. The conference addresses ly on women electorate, women political leaders,
issue, a human rights issue. Discrimination against ong pressure from feminist groups the government . CSR provides counselling services to women in
hanging the attitudes of society towards women, an live in dignity. CSR has networked with other onal Network on violence against women and is es and statistics on the subject.
1 Decision Making Process - Nepal Durga Ghimire
population live in villages depending on traditional
tion are women and the 1990 World Bank Report erty line rate is 25% % and the maternal mortality rate is very high women in Nepal lag far behind men in economic,
anaS
as overthrown and democracy established. Women
restoration of democracy
on (1990) women have the right to vote, to contest election or right to affiliate with political parties. It should have atleast 5% women candidates for the en's participation in public life and in decision mak
Ehouse of Representatives and 3 women nominated ouse) at the general elections.
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In the general election of 1991 Out of l345 contestants 8l were women Out of 205 candidates 7 women (3.4%) were vic In the election of 1986, 4.2% of the total numb were women. Even in the mid term poll of 1993 This indicates a decreasing trend in women's pol: In the local elections too the trend is the same In 199l out of 2119 candidates for the Distric women. In the village and town development col
At present the council of ministers is the lar minister.
It indicates that in the various levels of pol
cal participation is really negligible.
Women's Participation in Government Ad
& Women's participation in government adm administrative management department it is nil. Commission women's participation again is very
There never has been a Supreme Court Ju now no woman has been nominated to the Na women in the diplomatic service.
In 1983 the total number of women in the the increase was only 1%. After the restoration commission was set up to advise the governme however does not mention any means of promot
Main Constraints
The main reason for low political participa and according to tradition and culture participatic accepted role of women. Being socially and econo ment is economic empowerment of women.
The literacy rate of women is 25% while constitutional provisions. Due to the high level political participation.
Institutional Support
There is a lack of effective institutions for organisations are raising economic, social and po they have not been able to pressurise political part security pressure group consisting of about 90 wo political and legal rights for women.
Wrong concept about politics
The general feeling of the majority of wom not meant for women - that politics is not free an
heavy expecditure.
The role of media can take a very import participation.
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torious er elected to the Rastriya Panchayat (Parliament) the participation of women was below 4%. tical participation.
t Development Committees only 7 (.33%) were mmittees participation was equally low.
gest with 48 ministers but there is only one woman
itical and administrative structure, women’s politi
ministration
inistration is also very low. In the public service and In the judiciary sector or in the Nepal Planning low.
idge, and even very few practising lawyers. Up to tional Planning Commmission, and there are no
; Civil Services was 4.2%. After 10 years, in 1992, of democracy a high level administrative reform ‘nt pertaining to civil administration. The report ing participation of women.
tion of women is the patriachal structure of society in of women in politics and public life is against the mically controlled by men the fundamental require
75% are illiterate and unware of their rights and of illiteracy it is difficult to motivate women for
women's political empowerment. Some women's itical issues after the restoration of democracy, but ies to increase women's particiapation. The women men NGOs and organisations is advocating social,
en and general public is that politics is a dirty game l fair, involves violence, character assassination and
ant place in increasing and encouraging women's
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Page 7
Recommendations
Nepal has ratified the UN convention on the women, but many discriminatory laws still remain female at various levels of decision making. Hence quota for women in the civil services and parity autonomous bodies. The present 5% women in Representatives should be increased.
Discrimination on basis of sex in the field C
Women network groups should work as pre
There is a need to establish separate commis at all levels of power structure is necessary.
Economic empowerment of women and car
natory scocial values and norms, are essential.
The process of women's participation in c related to Social, educational, cultural and econom
V
From The National Report prepared by the organisation of Women Parliamen.
akistani Society has traditionally, held a coi high rate of female illiteracy, lack of employ lack of commitment to the advancement of
The last l3 years have seen a distinct chang increasingly greater priority to basic health and ed government’s social action programme of 1992 ha women's welfare, involving them in the design a their lives.
Education and Training
The government is now committed to uni and compulsory attendance. Only women teach allowances paid to teachers in rural areas. NGOs
Women's Health Care and Reproductive F
Special emphasis is laid on the provision of
wide infrastructure of basic health units and rurall planning workers programme for training wome
07

e elimination of all kinds of discrimination against ... At present there is a vast gap between male and there is a need to enhance atleast 10% minimum basis appointments in key positions such as in all political party candidature for the House of
fjobs should be eliminated.
issure groups to increase women's participation.
sions on the status of women. Leadership training
mpaigns for women's literacy and against discrimi
lecision making is not easy because it is closely ic, constrants. - - . . . . .
Women. In Pakistan : An Overview
for the 4th World Conference on Women, Beijing 1995, tarians from Muslim countries Secretariat, Islamabad.
servative attitude towards women, resulting in a ment opportunities and non-elected governments' women, reinforcing their low status.
e. The 6th, 7th and 8th Five year Plans have given Jcation for women and children in rural areas. The S given an enormous boost to the enhancement of nd execution of projects concerning all aspects of
versal primary education for 5-9 year old children ers are recruited for primary schools and special Supplement government efforts.
Health
health and population planning facilities. A nationhealth centres is being developed along with family in as National Health workers.
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Women's Participation in Economic Struct
Women are an integral part of the econom decision making fora. The rural credit program staffed by women, and government's assurance of allotting 5% quota for women in the public sectol
Sharing of Power, Responsibilities and De
Throughout the ’80s and ’90s women beca With a woman Prime Minister, six women have b government's promises to restore reserved women to be nominated. At the local council level, l0% C
The civil service fills its 5% quota of jobs fo courts. More women have been appointed to the lo has been set up throughout the country.
Women working in the print media especi female intelligentsia while in street theatre and in nent part. s
Mechanisms To Promote The Advancemen
In 1989 the Women's Division was upgrac which now focuses on women's needs and rights a Women's Legal Rights and Women's Legal Aid ( criminatory legislation against women, and the N. has initiated work on representation of women in
In the '70s and '80s discrimination against v public opinion helped the women's movement i gather strength. This movement led to greater awa of women's issues. Nationwide attention through like violence against women and the rights of the g stations, legal aid centres, a Human Rights Cell to violations.
At the community level, women NGOs foi social rights as well as their special role in conserv urgent issue, women now play a major part.
Equal status for Pakistani women is still a women as well as men in the importance of partic has only begun. But the commitment displayed in for maintaining the momentum of progress.
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ures and Policies
ic process but remain unrepresented in economic mes for women, the first women's Bank (1989) greater employment opportunities for women by , are signs of progress.
cision Making
ame increasingly visible at decision making level. been elected to the National Assembly along with 's seats to theassembly with 20 additional women of seats are now reserved for women.
r women. Women judges sit in 3 out of the 4 high ower and family courts. An all-women police force
ally has increased. A feminist press caters to the dependent film production women play a promi
t Of Women
led to the Ministry of Women and Development, t policy making and legislative levels. It has set up Committees, an inquiry committee to review disational Consultative Committee on wonnen which
Parliament and on violence against women.
vomen, hostile legislation and a negative climate of in the form of a multitude of pressure groups to reness among the general public of the importance the electronic media especially, was given to issues girl child. Women lobbied to set up women's police help women victims of violence and human rights
cussed on women's awareness of their human and ation of the environment. In taking charge of this
long way off. However, the process of educating ipating at every level of the country’s development the last decade gives the government a good basis
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Page 9
Wome
ri Lalkan history reveals that from the 6th ce
- II 11:T: rCCCIl tilcs it was i I l931 Lllat l
the country was still under British rule. A Ceylon National Congress agitating for greater p. woncil themsclw.cs formcd the Womcil's Franchis group to work for political rights. The women w aristocratic or high class families. The women th National Legislature and to the Municipal Counc they were debarred from the Willage Councils a enjoyed the same political rights, and the first wor
In 1979 with the introduction of the Ilew . British me del to an Executive Presidency with F establishinnent of Pradeshiya Sabhas or Provincial ( National, Provincial (or local was through a regi: maligned today, came into being. Every politica Inostly coulted on for voting strength, rallics lic To seek nomination to any legislative body, howe
Over the years it has been clearly scc.n that bc.cn very low and thus representation in legislativ its clfil the fact that at thc silic tillic: the World's f LLLLLL HL 0OLLt HHaa 0ESE0 lLLL LLLLL LLLL LLLaLLLL LLLLLL Bandaranalike: KL Linnara natLITıga was clicted in 199
Cuildidates for Parliaillentary Provicial and Loc
Legislature ycar Tit;
Purli:1111cnt 1970 4l
] 19 139 1994 ld-l
l’r yvinciall 1989 l,32 Collicil 1993 2,35 I (cal 1987 st All thritics 1991 l, 15
MւLiliciրal (Council
rlill 197 Councils | ()]] 1, Pradeshiya 1ኗ}8y 7.19 Silla 1991 l3,38
S

in the Sri Lankan Political Scene
C.R.Aliyrrarită
:Intury Conwards even queens have Tı iled the ce Lluntry Iniversal franchise was granted in Sri Lanka wheil t this tille ducated Sri Lankalls established the articipation in the government of the cility, The c Union and this was the first organiscid women's ho formcd this union werc for the most part froııı Leil had the right to vote and to be elected to the ils and Urban District Councils although till 1938 Ind Tyw'ılı (CLIncils. Since then womcılı illud in Neil laiti) elected to the Stilte COLLIllil Wils ill 1931.
:o11stitLuition the political syster 11 chalılıged from the roportional representation in Parliament and the Councils. Entry into any of these legislative bodies, stered political party and the party systeill, illuch l party had its Women's Wing but women were i demonstrations where numbers were important. wer, women had to enter mainstream politics,
womcn’s participation in main stream politics hals c bodies hardly felt. Nevertheless, Sri Lanka prides irst Princ Ministcr Ms. Siri Tırnaw o Balıdırları,mike vivals ghter the present Executive President Ms.Chilillrika 4 with 64.8% votcs.
ul Authorities (Source : TheFartime 1st (of Electic 11s)
| No, Fcinmilcs Nib. h
() 14 3.4 O l4 1.
29 2 () 55 3.)
3S S 7ו
l
l 3. 2 42
ጰ4 l l 3. 4() 2.7 8 | 8 32 2.4
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Page 10
The proportion of women in the National Li from the list Parliament of 1947. In 1989 in the 9 MPs was 5.3% but in the 10th Parliament in 199 elected hailed from politically influential backgrou that these women entered politics by way of filling close relative, a husband, brother or father. They ha cabinet with responsibility and filled Ministerial an
Women in Parliament 1947 - 1994 Memb
Department of Elections)
Parliament Year Total Women M.Ps
No No. %
M.Ps
5th Parli. 1960 15 3 .9
6th 1965 15 6 3.8
7th 1970 15 6 3.8
8th 1977 168 5 2.9
9th 1989 225 12 5.3
Oh 1994 225 12 4.8
With the introduction of free education in 19 politics, candidates came not so much from the eli but from the semi-urban and more rural backgrou conscious, but had a good educational backgrounc processes of governance of the country.
Provincial Councils were established in 1988 Governor appointed by the President. No woman 1988 elections out of 437 provincial councillors 12 women - 3.4%.
The participation of women in local govern Councils. At village level the Gramodaya Manadal. tation but it was less than l%.
In the most recent local government election to 238 local bodies making a minute percentage.
It is as voters that women's participation in up at elections. The Muslim women in spite of participation in voting. However, political parties their manifestos and even when they do, they seem even the women. Nevertheless, every political part themselves for political leadership and therefore di
After the 1977 elections the new governmer programmes relating to women had created an av UN Convention on the Elimination of all kinds o Ministry of Women's Affairs was established in l' Ministry of Women's Affairs and accepted by Pa National Committee on women was established to human rights and gender equality commitments a lation.
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SACPEW ܐ

'gislature has seen a very slow and unsteady rise th Parliament the highest percentage of women 4 it was 4.80. However, most of these women lds. It is also true as in several Asian countries, vacancies created by the death or resignation of a ve, nevertheless, held very senior positions in the d Deputy Ministerial posts.
ers and Those Holding Office (Source :
Women Holding Office Leader
Prime Cabinet Other of Minis Mini. Mini. the
Opposiion
l
en
3
AA l 5
2 3
48 and the increasing participation of women in tist background as it had been in the early years, nds. They were not only increasingly politically as well and were capable of contributing to the
in the Provinces and administered by a Provincial has been appointed to this post to date. At the were women - 2.9%. In 1993 out of 382, 12 were
ment has always been lower than in the National a had statutory provinsion for women’s represen
held in March 1997 just 20 women were elected
olitics is felt, as a high proportion of women turn their absence in public life, have shown a high make hardly any mention of women's issues in to be of little consequence to the voting public or y has its Women's Wing, but few women prepare
not come forward to seek nomination.
testablished a Women's Bureau. UN policies and areness of women's issues. Sri Lanka signed the f Discrimination against Women. Subsequently a 83. The Women's Charter was drawn up by the :liament in 1993 as a policy statement, and the implement the Charter. The Charter was a list of ccepted by the government as guidelines for legis
10

Page 11
Women in decision making positions is v. en's right to employment without gender discri highest posts of responsibility in the public serv
It is evident therefore that Sri Lankan wo as a dirty game, beset with violence and other i society. The patriarchal culture which is their b. home and family prevents them from coming f men in the family. Financial constraints no less h number of politically conscious and educated v sented and would take on the responsibility, yet into mainstream politics.
Following the Indian example what Sri women in local council legislation. In the Delhi ago, a new new law came into effect where is statutory provision would draw the Sri Lankan the realisation of the importance of training in le sarily have to support them.
Z
Violence
SACPEW strongly condemms and political activist at the grass root. She was hacked to death with scythes political rivals.
While being a CPI(M) Councillor was a workers' leader and was workin the poor in Madurai. We understandt ency which enabled the people to get suppliers who were making huge pr other successful compaigns against th anti-social elements which have affect their own profits. Her social committ upliftment had enraged others.
We have been constantly pointi savage intolerance of political oppon women. Here is another incident whe
We urge that the law takes its ence and the culprits are punished h wait in anticipation
We women of SACPEW have n bers so that politics can be cleansed.
ܢܠ
ooooooooooooooooo
O
1

ery low, although the constitution safeguards wommination. Though very few in numbers some of the ce are held by them.
men in general avoid politics. Politics is looked upon mplications which will devalue a woman's image in ckground and calls for a woman's duties within the orward without the permission and support of the old them back. The net result therefore is a growing women voters who much as they wish to be repre: in the existing circumstances will not actively get,
Q
Lanka could do with is a quota representation of Municipal Corporation elections held a few months the number of seats were reserved for women. Such women to more active involvement in politics and cadership roles for women while the men will neces
༄༽
: of Politics
the Brutal murder of Leelawathy, a social level in Tamil Nadu on the 23rd of April. and knives by a gang of six, allegedly her
of the Madurai Corporation, Leelawathie ghard to improve the living conditions of hat the laying of pipelines in her constituwater has affected the business of water ofits from this venture. She had also led he sale of illicit liquor and fought against ed those who were perpetuating them for ment and political activism towards social
ng out that the brutality, violence and the ents have made politics an anathema for 're a woman politician is victimised.
judicial course without political interferowever powerful they are politically. We
ow added reasons to enter politcsin num
Selvy Thiruchandran
لمحرر
O GO GO GO GO GO, GO GO, GO GO GO GO GO, GO GO GO, GO GO GO GO, GO GO GO, GO GO GO GO GO
SACPEW,

Page 12
Constituent Members ofSA
l, Centre for Women and C
92, New Eskaton Ilhaka 100
2. Centre for Social Researc C-468, Safdarjung Developin Opp IIT, New Delhi 11001Ó,
3. Agro forcistry Basic Hical
PC). Box 5135, Tbilli Balzalar, Kathmandu, Nepal.
4. Organisation of Women
Muslim Countries (OWI 225, Street 21, Scactor E - 7, Islamu abad, Plkistām.
5
Wollen's Education and
Colombo 0Ó, Sri Lanka,
Available at Women's Education and Researc
The Politics of Gender and Wom
Lai B' Sely. Th
Contents : Acknowledgements. Foreword Introduct Subjective Nations and the Feitlinist Challeges. The in FeTinist Discourse, Theory and Practice. The F Women's Agency in the Politics of Sri Lanka, Woint - Political Articulation and the Agency of Non-Politica Housewives' Politics Chapter IW - Mainstream P. Representatic III in Political Structures' Subjective Peru Den ILTatic Protest Movements ankl Their Political Me: Front in the South Chapter WI - Wilhell's Agency Future Strategics." The Sciuthern Insurrection. The Nr. in the National Liberation Struggle Bibliography
Published by Women's Education und Research CeI Printed by Katunaranc & Sons Ltd, 647. Kularatin:
22x5(limin'61 pages' 1997 ISBN NO: 955 - 926.1 -
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