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TROPICA | AGRICUl
” AGRICULTU
VOLUME
APRIL.
 

AL
TURIST
Al JOURNAL OF CEYLON
CXXVI, NUMBER 2 - JUNE 1970

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VOLUME CXXV NUM
TRO AGRICU
A gricult i r a Jo
C O N T
The effect of time of application of nu growth of the potato-by H. P. M. G
སྣ་ Regulation of fruit ripening in Guava, b R. P. GANGWAR, and B. S. DHLLON
Fertilizer experiments with maize soil-by S. KATHIRAGAMATHAIYAH :
Response of plant growth regulators to
by AYODHYA PRASAD and RAM ABH
PU B L S
T H E D EP A R T M. ENT
C E Y
| Տ Տ Ս :
A G R C U L T U R AL OF F B L O C K No. 6, E C H E L O
(P. O. BC
PRINTED AT THE DEPARTMENT OF

3 ER 2 APRIL-J UNE, 1970
PICAL
LTURIST
u r n a of Ceylon
E N T S
PAGE. trients on nutrient recovery and | NASENA - - 65
gibberellic acid-by O.S. SINGE,
85.
(Zea Mays) on a Bibile Lind. N. DHARMARAJAH - 9.
mango (Magnifera Indica L)- LASH PATHAK 95
H E D B Y
OF A G R C U L T U R E
O N
D BY
E R (EXTENSION AIDS) SO UARE, CO LO MB O X 636)
HE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, CEYLON

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Page 9
The effect of time of a
on nutrient reco
of the
H. P. M.
Department of Agriculture, Un
INTROD
THE increase in tuber yield with pared with nitrogen applied at the be due to the greater efficiency of i 1968, 1969). The lower efficiency nitrogen was largely attributed to
rainfall experienced in early spring place at any time of the year, but til to be the early spring under Brit temperature is low and the soil is moderate rainfall could cause a nutrients. The absence of a crop c. fertilizer application and planting
into the deeper layers of soil (W. 1965). Under these conditions not be greater, but also the amount of will be higher This seems to be
lower efficiency of recovery of nitro for crops planted in Spring.
With main crop potatoes norma when evaporation is increasing nutrients may be reduced. An ex possibility for nitrogen and potass Pentland Dell. An attempt was a stem growth associated with late to

pplication of nutrients
very and growth
potato
GUINASENA
iversity of Ceylon, Perademiya.
(Received April, 1970.)
UCTION
ate or split applied nitrogen com
time of planting was suggested to its recovery (Gunasena and Harris,
in the recovery of early applied leaching losses owing to the heavy g. Leaching of nitrogen could take he period of greatest danger appear ish conditions. At this time the
often saturated, therefore even a considerable loss of early applied over for a period of 4-6 weeks after could also favour their movement oldendorf, DilZ and Kolen brander,
only will the volume of drainage soil nutrients in the Soil solution a satisfactory explanation for the gen applied at the time of planting
lly planted and fertilizer applied the risk of losing early applied periment was designed to test this ium using the main crop variety lso made to restrict the excessive p dressings of nitrogen (Gunasena,
65

Page 10
TROPICAL AGRICULTU
1968, unpublished data) by spray (2-Chloroethyl Trimethyl Ammor area index was near the optimum
EXPER
Locatiom and Soils.--The experi University Farm Sonning-on-Tha drained sandy loam, the surface st fine sand in equal proportions. Series has been described by Kay
Treatments.-The nitrogen and a control and three times of appl (early), at the time of tuber and tuber initiation (Split). Ni nitrate at the rate of 1.75 cwt. received 0.75 cwt. N per acre at the at tuber initiation. Potassium as in rate of 2.25 cwt. K2O per acre. W applied at the time of planting an initiation. The nitrogen and potas and nitrogen respectively, at th received a dressing of phosphoro acre at the time of planting.
Early dressings of fertilizer we late fertilizers were top dressed the foliage at a concentration of June when the leaf area index Wa lizer treatments were combined W.
Grade “A” seed was planted or
All treatments were arranged in times. Each treatment was sub-di tial sampling at 2 week interval rows of potatoes spaced 24 in, ap: rows. Each sub plot contained f rows in each sub plot were treate per plot were sampled at each hal
66

tIST, νοI., CXXVI, 1970
ing a growth regulating chemical, lium Chloride, CCC) when the leaf for tuber production (Radley, 1963).
MENTAL
ment was conducted at the Reading mes, in 1968. The soil was a freely
bill containing 80 per cent coarse and The soil type designated Sonning r (1936).
potassium treatments consisted of ication, i.e., at the time of planting initiation (late), both at planting trogen was applied as ammonium
N per acre. The split application 2 time of planting and the remainder nuriate of potash was applied at the hen split 1.0 cwt. K2O per acre was d the remainder at the time of tuber sium treatments received potassium e time of planting. All treatments us at the rate of 1.25 cwt. P.O. per
ce rotavated in on 17th April, while on 29th May. CCC was sprayed to 3.5 g/litre (3.45 lb./acre) on 30th s approximately 3. The seven fertirith and Without CCC.
1, 18/19th April.
randomized blocks, replicated three vided into nine subplots for sequenS. Each main plot contained four Irt, with tubers spaced 14 in. within our plants in each row. The outer d as discard rows and only 4 plants 'vest.
5ܝܘ.
-
ག
نتیجہ

Page 11
༄། །
TIME OF APPLICATION OF NU
The sampling procedure adopté The foliage of one plant cut at polythene bag for the subsequent ing 3 plants were treated similarl thene bag. Tubers were then lift samples were taken into a labora stems and tubers were carried o' of the plant required for the estim first; the separated leaves of this gram, rebagged and stored in a r with. After separating the comp and sub-samples were removed content. Very few tubers were weights were not recorded.
The leaf area was estimated by and Watson (1958). The cros, 1.432 cm“, and 75–100 disks wer
Climate.-The climatic data is growing season was very wet anc after planting exceeded 3.5 incl. over the same period (calculated was more than 1.6 inches. The pe for growth due to the occurence which caused premature leaf sene
RES
Tuber jresh upeight data.l-As r of tuber initiation was not affe
nutrients, therefore at the 2nd ha nitrogen treatments recorded low
or split nitrogen treatments, (T other than nitrogen may be influe
was inferior to that applied early and the decline in yield at the
early nitrogen. The subsequent g. and at the final harvest yield wi early nitrogen. Split nitrogen ha the 2nd and 3rd harvests and als early nitrogen. Potassium treat effect on tuber yield at any harv

FRIENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
!d at each harvest was as follows : ground level was transferred to a estimation of leaf area. The remainand foliage put in a separate polyed by a hand fork and bagged. All tory where separations into leaves, ut as soon as possible. The foliage ation of the leaf area was dealt with plant were weighed to the nearest afrigerator until they could be dealt onents of yield they were weighed
for the estimation of dry matter resent at the first harvest and their
the disk method described by Watson S sectional area of the disk was e taken for each sub sample.
given Table 1. The early part of the the rainfall during the first month
les, and the accumulated drainage
after the method of Stanhill, 1958) riod after August was unfavourable of Blight (Phytophthora infestans) }SCeIՈCe.
SULTS
eported earlier (1968, 1969) the time cted by the time of application of
arvest both the control and the late er tuber yields compared with early
"able 2). This suggests that factors incing tuber initiation. Late nitrogen
during the early period of growth 3rd harvest was 81% of that with rowth with this treatment was rapid as increased by 12% compared with d a non significant positive effect at at the final harvest compared with ments and CCC had no significant est. -
67

Page 12
TROPICAL AGRICULTU
Significant interactions betwee 4th- and 6th harvests. On both Oc yield of tubers in the presence of C with all other treatments. This subsequent harvests probably due
Mean tuber bulking rates were week using a linear regression eq of tubers (tons/acre), a -constant acre Week, and t = time measure
rates were linear (r= 0.99). The bulking rates except in the late and duration of tuber bulking wa
Dry-matter accumulation and matter accumulation was similar
1969), and progressed steadily growth was interrupted by spora
August.
There were no significant interac had a marked effect on dry-matt nitrogen increased total dry-matte. nitrogen depressed dry-matter ac
continued with both late and spli harvest and these two treatments nitrogen at the 7th harvest. There tuber dry-matter yield with split a the 6th harvest, thereafter split compared with early nitrogen (F
tuber dry-matter yield up to the nitrogen; in the later harvests it
nitrogen.
Potassium treatments had no sig throughout the entire growing pel tuber dry-matter yields. CCC hac
matter yield (Table 4.) and reduce 7th harvests. As a result CCC redi
The pattern of distribution of reported earlier, (1968, 1969). In e treatments increased the proporti matter, the consequence being a r
68

IST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
treatments were recorded at the :asions split nitrogen increased the CC, but not in its absence compared trend was not maintained in the to the occurence of blight.
calculated from the 4th to the 14th lation, Y = a +b, t, where Y = yield , b = rate of tuber bulking in tons/ in weeks (Table 3). The bulking
uber yields closely correlated with nitrogen treatment where the rate S involved.
distribution.-The pattern of dryto those described earlier (1968,
hrough the growing season until dic attacks of leaf blight in early
:tions between treatments. Nitrogen er accumulation (Fig. 1 a). Early r yield from 3rd to 6th harvest. Late 'cumulation initially. The growth
t nitrogen treatments after the 6th were significantly better than early 2 were no significant differences in ind early nitrogen treatments untill t nitrogen increased tuber yield 'ig. 1 b). Late nitrogen depressed
7th harvest compared with early lad an effect similar to that of split
nificant effect on yield components iod. CCC had no effect on leaf and | the greatest effect on stem dry
d it significantly at the 5th, 6th and Iced total dry-matter yield.
dry-matter was similar to those ssence, both late and split nitrogen on of leaf and stem in total dry!duction in the proportion of tuber

Page 13
TIME OF APPLICATION OF NUTR
in total dry-matter. Potassium treat adversely affected the proportion
Accumulation of Nitrogen ܐ ܢܐ
(a) Nitrogen.-There was a good 2 a). Early nitrogen had a greater
growth. Split and late nitrogen tr. nitrogen from the 4th and 5th har early applied nitrogen. The rate of
day period between 3rd to 6th harv nitrogen (3.4 lb. N/acre/day), com
(2.6 lb. N/acre/day) over the same of nitrogen in the leaf occured wit when 103 lb. N/acre was present i compared with early and split nit
CCC had no significant effect on ni
(b) Potassium.-The effect of nit take was similar to the effect of the
(Fig. 2 a). Both late and split in potassium after the 4th harvest, the the split nitrogen treatment at the was present in the crop (Fig. 2 b effect on potassium uptake. In the at 283 lb. K/acre and the lack of rei have been due to the high soil pota sium tended to be more effective growing period, but this effect was onset of blight.
Distribution of the nutrients in pattern of dry-matter distribution.
Grouth Attributes
(a) Apparent met assimilation ra of dry-matter per unit leaf area wa (1926),
Where W and W are dry weights, and t, respectively.
(W-W.) (Loge
-ta) (I
 

(ENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
ments had less effect; while CCC, lf stem in total dry-matter.
End Potassium in the crop
response to applied nitrogen (Fig. effect during the early period of
atments increased the uptake of vests respectively, compared with uptake of nitrogen during the 42
est was greater with late and split pared with early applied nitrogen
period. The highest accumulation h late nitrogen at the 5th harvest in the leaves. This was 29% more rogen. Potassium treatments and
trogen uptake.
rogen treatments on potassium upese treatments on nitrogen uptake,
itrogen increased the uptake of e highest uptake was recorded for 7th harvest when 412 lb K/acre ). Potassium treatments had less sence of potassium crop recovered sponse to applied potassium may ssium status. Late and split potastowards the latter part of the
not fully developed due to the
the crop closely followed the
te (“NAR”). The rate of increase as calculated according to Gregory
L and L are leaf areas at timest, and
)1 Loge - ورL 1: * L.)
69

Page 14
TROPICAL AGRICULT
Owing to the difficulty encoun of the parent tuber the contribut matter production of the crop has hence the term Apparent net ass
"NAR' values were highly v time (Fig. 3). Significant differ were recorded on two occasions the control treatment was signific rogen treatments, while at the control treatment was Superior both these harvest periods there between leaf area (L) and “ NA
decrease in “NAR' was associat sulting from the mutual shading
Although potassium is repor photosynthesis (Cooper, Blazer Okanenko, 1966), potassium trea KK NAR ”.
(b) Specific leaf area.- (A/LW thickness measured by micromet has been reported by Friend (1 specific leaf area could be used as where a high ratio would corresp split nitrogen increased A/LW to compared with early nitrogen (F A/LW. CCC reduced A/LW.
(c) Leaf weight ratio- (LW/W dry-matter between leaves and 1 the leaf dry weight (LW) per
Fig. 4B). Early nitrogen increase
the third harvest both late and sp of dry-matter utilized for leaf pi.
CCC had less effect On this ratio.
(d) Leaf area ratio- (LAR). L. ences in leaf thickness) and I photosynthetic products betwe growth). Therefore any variation variation in either of the above r, LW/W early nitrogen increased
70

RIST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
ered in measuring the rate of decay on made by the latter towards drybeen excluded from this calculation, imilation rate (“NAR'.)
ariable and tended to decline with ences between nitrogen treatments ; at the 2nd and 3rd harvest period antly better than split and early nit: 3rd and 4th harvest period the Io all other nitrogen treatments. At was a significant negative correlation AR' (Table 5) suggesting that the
ed with an increase in leaf area re
of leaves (Watson, 1958).
ted to play a prominent role in and Brown, 1967; Bershtein and tments had no significant effect on
(). A close relationship between leaf er and leaf dry weight per unit area 965). This ratio refered to as the an indirect measure of leaf thickness Iond to a thinner leaf. Both late and wards the end of the growing season 'ig 4A), potassium had less effect on
7). A measure of the distribution of he rest of the plant is provided by otal dry weight (W) of the plant, | LW/W up to the 2nd harvest. After
lit nitrogen increased the proportion oduction. Potassium treatments and
AR is the product of A/LW (differW/W (differential distribution of in leaf growth and other plant in LAR could be attributed to the tios Fig. 4c. Due to an increase in AR up to 2-3 harvest period. In the

Page 15
TIME OF APPLICATION OF NUT
later harvest periods late and split with early nitrogen. This was mai
of dry-matter for leaf production depressed LAR mainly due to a lo
(e) Leaf area indeac-(L). The wards the latter part of July (Fig to the 3rd harvest. Late nitrogen c L had declined to 67% of that wi the later stages of growth both 1 compared with early nitrogen. Lat increased L towards the later stag sium applied early. CCC reduced
Leaf area duration (D) was i applications of nitrogen (Table 6 15%, split potassium increased decreased D compared with early
DISCU
v. In the period immediately after
the crop was exposed to very v. earlier (Table 1. Climatic data)
after planting exceeded 3.5 inche the same period was more than 1.(
there was good response to early the early stages of growth. This
yields (Fig. 1) and the nutrient could account for this response, emergence was shorter in the mai
absorbed a grater proportion of t soluble nitrogen in the soil soluti evapotranspiration may have r
Although the initial response was nutrients was less compared to t } nutrient recovery values were ver the increased root growth caused 1965) or the applied fertilizer may nitrogen, (Legg and Allison, 1.96 nitrogen applied late or split
ག་

RIENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
nitrogen increased LAR compared inly due to the greater partitioning
as shown by the high LW/W. CCC wer A/LW, (thicker leaves).
peak L values were recorded to. 5). Early nitrogen increased L. up lepressed L and by the 2nd harvest th early and split nitrogen. During ate and split nitrogen increased L. e and split application of potassium es of growth compared with potasL.
increased with both late and split
). Early potassium increased D by D slightly while late potassium potassium.
JSSION
planting and fertilizer application.
vet Weather conditions. As showro. ihe rainfall during the first month
s and the estimated drainage over 5 inches. Inspite of the wet weather
y applied nitrogen at least during was evident from the dry-matter
uptake data (Fig. 2). Two reasons firstly the time from planting to in crop, hence the crop would have
he soluble nutrients, therefore the on was lower, Secondly increasing educed the amount of drainage.
high, the recovery of early applied hose applied late (Table 7). The y high. This may have been due to by applied fertilizer (Broadbent, y have increased the release of soil i0). The efficiency of recovery of was over 100% compared with
7靈

Page 16
TROPICAL AGRICULTUR)
82% recovered with early nitrog only split potassium improved the striking feature in the recovery ( recovery of early applied potassiu or split.
From the foregoing evidence t split applied nitrogen cannot be el
leaching of early applied nitrogen in other ways. Some nitrogen may
process is reported to be of littl
calcarreous soils (Garner, 1959). Re possibility of serious losses of nit
1965).
As shown iun Fig. 6 the accumu. the accumulation of dry-matter. T potato varieties and the pattern is
1968 unpublished data). It is also accumulation of nitrogen is greate
of dry-matter with early applied split applied nitrogen. Wiets Jr. (1 data of Carpenter (1963). Accordin nitrogen relative to the accumul significance, firstly as nitrogen stor leaching or denitrification losses, a culated to the developing organs di The recirculation of mineral nutri once the tubers are initiated they
carbohydrates and mineral nutrient of mineral nutrients in the exter rate of uptake is reduced. Therefo the uptake of nutrients is inadequ whole plant, then the nutrients req appear to be supplied by transfer f Moorby, 1968). In this experiment
greater proportion of it was found compared with that applied when ti has to be maintained either by
or bv. uptakc of inorganic nitrog presented above, even at high ra of planting will be inadequate to
72,

ST, VOL. cxxVI, 1970
in. Of the potassium treatments recovery of applied potassium. A
ata was the improvement in the n when nitrogen was applied late
he greater recovery of late and tirely attributed to the losses by
. Applied nitrogen could get lost be lost as ammonia gas, but this
} practical importance except on
cent investigations have shown the rogen by denitrification (Allison,
lation of nitrogen is greater than his trend is similar for different identical in all years (Gunasena,
apparent from the figure that the r in relation to the accumulation
nitrogen compared with late or 965) reported similarly using the g to Wiets Jr. the accumulation of ation of dry-matter is of great 'ed in the plant is protected from ind secondly as it could be recirturing the later stages of growth. ents is unlikely in the potato, as form dominent “Sinks' for both S. As growth proceeds the supply nal solution is depleted and the re a stage will be reached when ate to sustain the growth of the uired for the growth of the tuber rom the haulm (Milthorope, 1963, when nitrogen was applied early a
to be accumulated in the tuber he crop was growing. Late growth nitrogen stored within the plant
in from the soil. From evidence
es, nitrogen applied at the time maintain late growth, for if it

Page 17
ܡܓܢ
TIME OF APPLICATION OF NU
is not taken up by the crop it c fication, and if absorbed by the photosynthetic organs of the pla subsequent growth of leaves.
results that late top dressings cc of growth. A larger tuber yi
leaf surface only when the grow
The nutrients applied at a time better utilized than when equa of planting.
As reported earlier (1968, 19 found to be the major factor ca in table 8 there was a good re dry-matter yields and D, which a yield. In this experiment the L v. L of 3 suggested by Radley (196 ment in the relationship between recorded as equal to D". There.
optimum L and this may be due may have changed the morpholo inches compared with 28 x 15.4 i
The variation in D could be sat maximum uptake of nitrogen (N between D and maximum uptake and the quadratic regression acco This relationship was expresses 1.6949 Nim-0.006 Nm . If the blight this relationship wou Harris (1960) reported similarly the variety King Edward by an a relationships between D and yiel nitrogen in the leaves it is not su tions of nitrogen which improve increased the tuber dry-matter yi
SUM
The effect of time of applicat nutrient recovery and growth Pentland Dell, was studied by the late and split applications of n

TRIENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
ould get lost by leaching or denitriplant it gets locked up in nonnt and may not be available for the It is therefore evident from the ould be useful to prolong the period eld could be obtained from a large ring period is sufficiently prolonged. when crop is growing is therefore l quanties are applied at the time
69) the variation in leaf area was using variations in yield. As shown lationship between total and tuber ccounted for 78% of the variation in alues were higher than the optimum 3). However there was no improve1 yields and D when L above 3 were fore there Was no indication of an
to the closer spacing adopted which gical attributes of the crop. (24X 14 nches).
pisfactorily explained in terms of the m) in the leaves. The relationships
of nitrogen in leaves was significant unted for 91% of the variation in D. d by the equation, D= 8.69907 -- leaf growth was not curtailed by ld probably have been linear.
when leaf growth was curtailed in ttack of early blight. In view of the ld, and D and maximum uptake of Irprising that late and split applica!d the recovery of applied nitrogen teld.
IMARY
ion of nitrogen and potasssium on of the main crop potato variety, 2 technique of Growth Analysis. The itrogen improved the efficiency of
73

Page 18
TROPICAL, AGRICULTUR
recovery of applied nitrogen comi time of planting. The late and improved the recovery of early a factors late and split applications
There was a good relationship b yields and leaf area duration (D), variation in both total and tuber accumulation of nitrogen in the lea for 91 per cent. of the variation in with late or split nitrogen treatme nitrogen recovery.
ACKNOWL.
Thanks are due to Messers. W. M. for their assistance in the prep; respectively.
REFER
ALLSON, F, E., (1965), Evaluation C effect soil nitrogen. Soil nitri Clerk, Am. Soc. Agron. Serie
BERSHITEIN, B. II., and OKANENKO, A ciency in photosynthesis, res the ontogeny of sugar beet.
BROADBENT, F. E., (1965). Effect of . nitrogen, Proc. Am. Soil. Sci
CoopFR, R. B. BLAZER, R. E. and BR effects on net photosynthesis Soil. Sci. Soc. 31, 231-235.
FRIEND, D. J. C. (1965). The effect of cereals. In the Growth of Sci. Univ. Nottm. Ed. F. L. M worths. 181-199.
GARNER. H. W., (1959). Manuring
369-397.
GREGORY, F. G. (1926). The effect (
barley. Ann. Bot. 40, -26.
警4

IST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
pared with nitrogen applied at the split applications of nitrogen also oplied potassium. Because of these of nitrogen increased tuber yield.
etween total and tuber dry-matter D accounting for 78 per cent of the dry-matter yields. The maximum ves was related to D, and accounted D. The increase in yield of tubers ints is therefore a reflexition of the
EDGEMENT
. T. Wanisekera and P. Munasinghe aration of the script and figures
ENCES
of incoming and outgoing processes that ogen, Ed. W. V. Batholomew and F. E. es 10, 573-606.
A. S., (1966). Effect of potassium defispiration and phosphate metabolism in
Fiziol. Rast. 13, 629-639.
fertilizer nitrogen on the release of soil 1. Soc. 29, 629-696.
ow N, R. H. (1967). Pottasium nutrition and morphology of Alfalfa. Proc. Am.
of light and temperature on the growth Cereals. Proc. 12th Easter Sch. in Agric. filthorpe and J. D. Ivins, Lond. Butter
barley or chalk. Agriculture, Lond, 66,
of climatic conditions on the growth of
རྩི་
-
ܢ ܢܝ .
/*
است .

Page 19
TIME OF APPLICATION OF NUT
GUNASENA, H. P. M. and HARRIs, P cation of nitrogen and pota potato, Variety Craigs Roya
-GUNASENA, H. P. M. and HARRIs, P. of application of nitrogen O early potato. J. agric. Sci. C.
ARRIs, P. M. (1960). An investig with particular reference to
Leeds.
KAY, F. F. (1936). A soil survey o
p. 17.
LEGG, J. O. and ALLISON, F. E. (196 in the uptake of nitrogen by 7th, 545-550.
MILTHORPE, F. L. (1963). Some as survey. In the Growth of the Sci Univ. Nottim. Ed. J. D. I
worths 3-16
MooRBY, J. (1968). The influence
supply on the growth of the
RADLEY, R. W. (1963). Effect of sea Potato. In the growth of the Sci Univ. Nottin. Ed. J. D. I worths. 21.
STANHILL, G. (1958). Unpublished spiration from meteorologica
VIETs, JR. (1965). The plants' need
Ed. W. V. Batholomew and
503-549.
WAT'son, D. J. (1958). The depend on leaf area index. Ann. Bot
WAT 'tsoN, D. J. and WATsoN, M.
studies on the growth of field beet yellovs and beet mosa sugarbeetroot crop. Ann, app
"WoT, DENDORF, J. W., DILZIK and Kc fertilizer nitrogen on permar Eur. Grass). Fed. Wageninge
 

RIENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
M. (1968). The effect of time of applissium on the growth of the 2nd early ll. J. agric. Sci. Camb. 71, 283-296.
M. (1969). The effect of CCC and time in the growth and yield of the second
amb. 73, 245-259.
ation into the action of FYM on yield the Potato crop. M. Sc. Thesis, Univ.
f the University Farm, Sonning, Berks,
10). Role of rhizosphere microorganisms plants. Int. Congress. Soil. Sci. Trans.
pects of plant growth, An introductory Potato, Proc. 10th Easter Sch. in Agric. vins and F. L. Milthorpe, Lond. Butter
of carbohydrate and mineral nutrient
potato, Ann. Bot. 32, 57-68.
son on growth and development of the Potato. Proc. 10th Easter Sch, in Agric. vins and F. L. Milthorpe, Lond, Butter
report. The estimations of evapotranl data, N. W. R. S. Wellesbourne,
for and use of nitrogen., Soil nitrogen, F. E. Clark, Am. Soc. Agron. Series 10,
ence of net assimilation rate of barley . N. S. 22, 37-54.
A. (1953), Comparative physiological crops, III. The effect of infection with ic viruses on the growth and yield of pl. Biol. 40, 1-37.
bLENBRANDER, G. J. (1965), The fate of nent grass soils. Proc. 1st, gen. meeting in, 53-68. -
75

Page 20
TROPICAL AGRICULTUR.
Period
April 18-1 May
29
Harves. Number
2-15 16-29 30-12 June 13-26 27-10 July ill-24 , 25-7 August
8-21 ,
22-4 September, .
5-1 ,
TABLE I. CLIMA
Rainfall ASCე inches Moistu, αεfιούι, οηChe,
0. 5 0.04 0.23 0.48 盛。26 2.65 .82 95 0.66 0.92 0.24
TABL
The main effect of treatments or
Threainment8
No, N
Late N
Split N
No. K.
Late K Split K. Early NK LSD (P=0.05) With CCC Without, CCC LSD (P=0.05) Ꭴ, V. (%)
Ν
—
S్క
36.9.
S్య S్మ
8
O
9
mm.
O
16.3. , 14., 6.
TABL
The malin effect Of treatments on mea
No N. Late N. Split N No. K Late K Split K. . . Early NIK With CCC
Without CCC

Τ, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
TO DATA 1968
Accumula- Temperature Fo } ted drainage, -- inches Mac. Mr. Sol 4
0.72 61,9 40.6 49, 6 0.93 57. 40.9 49。4 0.25 58.8 42. 52.2 68.8 47.8 59.5 -— 69.8 51.8 6.0 — 7.5 48.9 6.3. um 67.5 52.3 60.5 അ 65.8 5.9 60。4 --es-e- 66. O 50.6 59. 9 -- 69.7 ..., 52. 59. -- 68.8 50.8 59.7
E
tuber fresh weight, tons/aere
S, S୫ S, S్య S్క
13。5,,14。7,。16.8,,15,6,。17。夏 ܫܬܐ ܛܢ
0S00S S 0SS00SS0SS00SS0SSSSSSS 00SS00S 16.9. . 23.8.. 30.2. . 29.9. , 33.0 16.4。,22.3,,24.4。,24.8。,27。7 16.5. , 22.5. . 26.5. . 24.8. , 31.3 18。6。。24。0。,26.9。。28.2。。30.2 18.5。、24.1。。24.6。。25.5。。29.7 2.8。,器。0,,3。2。,4。直。,器。6 16.6。、21.8。。24.5。。25.4。。28,4 16.9.,21.8。。26.1。,25.0,,29.3
. N.S. . . N.S., . , N.S. ... N.S. . . N.S.
14。0.,11。7.。10.7.,13.9,,10.4
E CITO
in tuber bulking rate, tons/aeresweek
Tons sacre suveek *。 58
2.64
2.83
2.40
2.57
2.68
2.50
2.40
2.5

Page 21
TIME OF APPLICATION OF NUTR
TABL The effect of CCC om ster
Harvest Number S్మ Treatments With CCC . . . Without CCC o se 2. LSD (P=0,05) .. ... N.S. C. V. (%) ● 罹 . . .2.
TABL The relationship between Leaf area index and
Harvest Interal
2-3 ... ... “NAIR” = 1.02 3-4 ... ... “NAIR” = 0,87
TABL The main effect of treatmer Treatments
No, N. Tate N Split N No. K. Late K Split K. Early NK With CCC Without CCC
TABLE The percentage of applied nitrogen an
Treatments
Late N Split N Late K Split K. Early NIK
TABLE The relationship between total and tuber dry ܛܔ
Total dry matter ID , Υ = 46.38 Tube dry matter ID , Υ = 49.07 Total dry matter ID , Υ = - 13.
Tuber dry matter ID , Υ = 4.858
 

IENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
3. W. in dry matter yield lb. sacre
న్యీ Se AS,
5 . . 12.41 . . 0.94 .. 9.69 5 . . 4.75 . . 3.65 . . 12.59 37 . . 蓝。46 。。 2.05 8 . . 12.0 . . 23.2 . . 28.8
E. W.
Apparent net assimilation rate; g/dmfweek
R2 281-0.1236 TIL ... 71% 933-0.10938 L. . . 91%
3. W.
its on leaf area duration
Д-идеейв
9.34
粤 呜 47。20 a s 48.0B a 39.79 క్షీ4.94 48.52 45.69 40.65 42.64
W
d potassium recovered in the erop
N
09 - 60 06 75 84 e. 46 92 es 62 82 48
VIII
matter yields and leaf area duration, D.
R2 2il -- 2.3483 TD 78.4. 35--1.7678 ID - 78. 7226+5.3995 D8 75.8 12 -Ꮠ-Ꮞ.0295 Ꭰ8 e. 74:3
77

Page 22
黒&○
|5Q
12d
i
TROPICAL, AGRICULTUE
~ഗ്ഗ
Fig. 1.-The main effect of nitrogen treat
lation,
In all figures vertical straight lines refer
0.05.
Legend
78.
:
ΙΩ Ο N
Tate N
. Split N
early Ν

IST, VOL. CXXVI.,
1970
a. Total
* H
سه 8 jaz به ح
// se s ! ! ! ! ! کہ ص|
S. 2 3 4 5 6 7
ments on total and tuber dry matter accumu
to LSD's calculated at a probability level of

Page 23
TIME
OF APPLICATION OF NUTE
3oo
25օ է
200 -
5○
too
5o
-
C. Ni* Yoge in
o
%11
/
Fig. 2.-The main effect of nitrogen treat accumulation.
Legend
.•. O Ν A. Late N. A. split Ν . O. early N

IENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
ko. potassium
A. - 42O Aسمبر A.
Aà - 36 o
●
- 3oo
Ꮻ ܬ V) བུ་ یہ H24صب r کھینچ
2o
//
/
ments on total nitrogen and total Potassium
79

Page 24
TROPICAL AGRICULT
శాస్తే క్ష్మీ
༽ 《།༤
Q8 jse
( A a. Ni*
À عي في 9
*温 *இ
፳፻፬
R 翡“
A. Æsa ܓܠܠ
G.蒙器。
63
Fig. 3.-The main effect of nitrogen and tion rate,
Legend
9 se ... O o Ν
e 8 e A. s Ιμβte N . . . . .4. g a split Ν 萄,● O. .. early Ν se o 6 . . . . no K
R late
-a is a O split
О. . . . early
80
 

JRIST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
ogen
À ཕྱི་།།།
2. A
O
A
l_ 's 56 ya 2- 24 25 % ܬܝܢ |
potassium treatments on Apparent net assinata

Page 25
TIME OF APPLICATION OF NUTR
o.7
G.6
Οι 5
S.
43ےه 409
O3
o-2
榭。●
Ré
0.4
o2
ο
Nitrogen
.S ܓܔ Y`s
<[ A ^
影 |
B
\
ሦሬ % °ሬ % % %, 岑·德
ܔܔ
A. 皇
● 霄 *,2 C
5
Nitrogen
Fig. 4.-The main effect of nitrogen, potass weight ratio, B, and Leaf area ration, C.
Legend ¬ܢ.
e
BI)
it.

IENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
حقبرصی ܠܐ ܓܠzCܗܵܘܹ N. Ν تصحیحه
/
Potassiu ka CCC
I
і — І — f—t —1 顫_A_蟲_M
N Potassius Cee
ܓܓܔܡ`
ܓܠ
R. A -- a
a ,é ● 亨 ● ● ● 雷
Potassium G笔@
N
\, \,
3 I I
A. 盘 慰 懿 A. ws % % % %» 1, 2 %
ium and CCC on Specific leaf area, A, Lea í
. . . . . . . late
. . . . . . . . . split K. .O. . . . early K O = s ()
. . . . . . . . . with CCC
. . without CCC
8.

Page 26
82
TROPICAL AGRICULTU
a. Nitrogen
gase eo
A /
b. Potassiu
 

3 4 5 ● 7

Page 27
TIME OF APPLICATION OF* NUTRI
Fig. 5-The effect of nitrogen and potassiu:
Legend
.•. O Ν
A. tate Ν
A. split Ν
. O. . . . early Ν
var. Craigí Royal. 1968
o T — L — L — L. b. — 1 — il— 1 1— i.
o 2o 49 ఈa Po
Feye
Fig. 6.-The accumulation of nitrogen relat
Legend
early
late
- - - - split
 

ENTS AND GROWTH OF POTATO
m treatments on leaf area index.
.•. C K.
.圖。 late K
다. split K
. O. early K
த
لڑی
'*ي ھ سمي *ھم %" A.
Var. C. vaigs Royal. 1967 . . . . . . . . . .
Oor G9 2d #é ●● so CXc
tive to accumulation of dry matter.
83

Page 28


Page 29
Regulation of fruit
by gibbe
O. S. SINGH, R. P. GANG
Punjab Agricultural Un,
FRUIT maturation is subsequently which is manifested by certain b exhibit 'climacteric-rise'-a main of respiration and the formation ( Khan, 1968). The onset of climacte may be the consequence of a bur fruits (Burg & Burg, 1965). The s Amechem-6-329 (2-holoethanephos) chemical, has been found to replace the chemically stimulated ethyle 1968).
Quite contrary to the effect of reported to delay the ripening pe Lewis, 1962) and climacteric fruit of chemical regulation of fruit r prolonging or decreasing the si experiment was conducted to acc GA-induced chemical changes ir relationship with keeping quality
MATERIAIS .
Matured fruits of uniform appearance, of Allahabadi Safeda were collected after a rigorous
* Assistant Professor of Botany, Lecture respectively.

ripening in Guava
ellic acid
WAR and B. S. DHILLON *
iversity, Lиdhiата, Ітdia
(Received April, 1970)
followed by the ripening process, iochemical changes, Certain fruits 1 feature of ripening with high rate of specific substrates (Barker & bric-rise in banana and other fruits st of ethylene production by the timulation of ripening in fruits by phonic acid), a recently introduced 2 the natural burst of ethylene with ne production (Cooke & Randall,
ethylene, gibberellin has been riod of non-climacteric (Coggins & ;s (Russo et al. 1968). This aspect ipening opens the prospective for torage life of various fruits. An umulate some information on the ripening guava fruits, and their of the fruits.
AND METHODS
extent, regarding morphological and Pine Apple varieties of guava selection from the horticultural
and Associate Professor of Horticulture,
85.

Page 30
TROPICAL, AGRICULT
garden of Punjab Agricultu September, 1968. One lot of 40 200 ppm aqueous solution of gi fruits in distilled Water for two
duration of soaking were adjust prior to the start of the final or fruits were placed wide apart in paper at the bottom at 25 - 1C...) one day for ascorbic acid content (1933). Water soluble sugars we under carefully standardized co. Chalupa and Fraser (1968). Sum is reported as the total solubles
EXPERIME
Qualitative changes : Gibberel the ripening process of both the maintained an unripe appearance to show early ripening. Changes i in treated and untreated frui treatment untreated fruits bro treated fruits were in a good co breaking.
Quantiative Changes : Allahab; of ascorbic acid and Sugars than the varieties showed a gradual and ascorbic acid content ; abru after the treatment. Gibberellic degradation of ascorbic acid; an even on the 8th day in treated fr process Sucrose was found to the substrate for respiration. Enl fruits was marked with the appeared later on in the treated ment of gibberellic acid in the proceSS.
86

RIST, vo, CXXVI, 1970
all University. Ludhiana, during ruits of each variety was soaked in berellic acid and another lot of 40 ours. This concentration of GA and d in some preliminary expriments e. After the treatment was given, the iron trays having two layers of ruits were analysed at an interval of by the methods of Bessey and King re determined in the flesh of fruits hditions by adopting the method of mation of each component of sugar Ugar,
NTAL RESULTS
Lin-treated fruits markedly retarded : varieties of guava. Treated fruits , whereas the untreated fruits began in fruit softening were quite apparent ts. On the eighth day after the ke without much force, whereas indition to resist the pressure while
adi Safeda contained higher amount Pine Apple. Untreated fruits of both decreasing tendency for dry matter pt reduction started on fourth day acid was found to slow down the d its content was invariably higher, its than the control. In the ripening pe converted into hexose sugar as Lanced ripening process in untreated mergence of mannose. This sugar fruits indicating, thereby, the involvutilization of Sugar in the ripening

Page 31
REGULATION OF FRUIT RIPENING
Effect of gibberellic acid on Some che
ripening
Variety Days Dry Vit.O (
after matter mg/100 -
иеatтет. 9% gim, Saze
Allahabadi. ... O ... 19. 3... 185. . 4.
Safeda
2 ΓO . . 19.0... 182. . 4.
GA ... 19.2, 185. 4.
4 (O ... 18, 6., 170. . 4.
GA . . 19.0... 182, .. 4.
6 Ο ... 17. 4, . 165. 3.
G.A. . . 18.6., 179, , 4.
8fC ... 17. O. IB5. , 2.
GA . . 18.2. . 170. , 3.
Pine apple ... O ... 18.5. . .68. 3.
2 ΓO ... 18. 3.. 65. 3.
GA ... 18.4, 67 . . 4.
4仁C ... 17.5. . 159. , 3.
GA . . 18.0... 163. , 3.
6 ΓO ... 17. ... 14... 2.
GA ... 17.9. 158. 3.
SC ... 17.0, . 120. 2.
GA . . 17.6., 147. , 3.
* Average of five estimations in each case
DISCU
Certain fruits start showing the
this physiological process gets de with the tree which continues to
ripening process of the fruits (Bur to the contention on a changin ethylene in growing and ripening amount of gibberellin in the deve sink for the attraction of metabol mass and volume of the fruits Overveek, 1965). There is a dec.
gibberellin in fruits during mature .culminating in the check in the t ܦܛ the end of maturity, the preparat the fruit. Ethylene has been consi stimulating sensecence and ripeni fruits (Burg and Burg, 1965). Cor

IN GUAWA BY GBBERELLIC ACID
mical constituents of two varieties of
g guaya
Sugar(%) on fresh wit, basis) Total —*—————Матто8e sugаи” 27ro8e Glouco8e Fruce Galac. %
Ose ί086
60. . 4, 40. . . 20... 0, 50... - ... 10, 70
72, , 4.85. . . .50, . 0.47... 0.02 . . . . 56 75. . 4.80. . . 67, 0.52, . -- ... ll. 74 05. , 3.9 . .85, , 0.66. 0.02 ... 10.48 11.81 .. --سسسست . .0.6H . .1.72 . .4.76 ..{72"
10. , 2.62. . . .45... 0.8 ... 0.25. , 8.23 25,,4.12。。1,61,,0.70,,0.01,,10.69 000S SS00SS0SS00SS00SS 0S000S 00S 00S0S00 9. 3.25. . .34. . 0.70. . 0.06.. 9. 26 82,,4.21,,0.85,,0.61,,一 ,,9.49 95. . 4.40. . . 2, ... 0.68... - ... 10.24 00S0S00S0S SS00SS 0S000S S S 00S00
42。。4.60,。0.75。。0.4丑。。0.0且.,9.19 80。。4.25.。0.92。。0.5丑。。一。.,9。48 50. 3. O. . . . 65. . 0.55, 0.05. , 7.85 62. 3.97... 0.82. 0.46. O. O. , 8.88 25, 2.75. . .25. 0.30. O. 12.. 6.67 4星。。3,61,0,72,。0.44,0.03,8,2】
SSION
climateric rise just after harvest; layed when the fruits are intact supply some factor to delay the g, 1964). This behaviour is parallel g sensitivity to gibberellin and
processes of fruits. Increasing loping fruits form a physiological Lities towards the increase in the (Dennis, 1967; and Crane and line in the natural content of tion (Jackson and Goombe, 1966) ranslocation of food materials. At ory process for ripening starts in dered to be the major factor ng processes in various types of nvincingly, gibberellins have been
87

Page 32
TROPICAL AGRICULTU
found to act in the opposite man physiological processes (Scot and observation, it can be argued th stimulates the chimical associate gibberellins. Delay in ripening of (Dostal and Leopold, 1967) and b reversed by treating with ethyler in delaying the ripening of fruits
processes initiated by ethylene.
SUM
Effect of gibberellin-treatment Allahabadi Safeda and Pine A degradation of dry matter, ascor the ripening process. Results of part of the ripening process in g gibberellin treatment for prolong
REFE]
(1) BARKER, L.-1968. Studies o metabolism of plant tissues X rise in respiration in apple.
(2) BESSEY, O. A. and G. G. KING. plant and animal tissues and
687-698.
(3) BURG, S.P.-1964. In regulateul Centre National de la Reser
(4) BURG, S.P. and E. A. BURG. 1
fruits. Sci., 48: 1190-1196.
(5) - 1965. Relationship betwe banana, Bot. Ga2, 126 : 200-2
(6) CHALUPA, V. and D. A. FRASERon soluble sugars and grow 65-70.
88

RIST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
ner to that of ethylene in various Leopold, 1967). On the basis of this at the process by which ethylene with ripening, can be negated by gibberellin-treated fruits of tomato anana (Russo et al. 1968) could be le. Thus gibberelin presumably acts by preventing some of the chemical
IMARY
on matured fruits of guava Var. Apple, exhibited a delay in the bic acid and sugar content during
the investigation depicted that a guava fruits can be deferred by ing the storage period of the fruits
|-
RENCES
in the respiration and carbohydrate XIII. The mechanism of the climacteric
Neuv phytolog. 67 : 213-217.
1933. The distribution of vitamin C in its determination. J. Biol, Chen, 103 :
's Naturels do la Croissance Vegetable. che Scientifique, Paris p. 719.
965. Ethylene action and ripening of
en ethylene production and ripening in 04.
-1968. Effect of soil and air temperature h of white seedlings. Gan. J. Bot, - 46;
ܥ ܠ

Page 33
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
REGULATION OF FRUIT RIPENING
CoGGINs, C. W. Jr. and L. M.
orange as influenced by potas 225-227.
CookE, A. R. and D. T. RANDA 2-holoethanephosphonic acidstion of flowering in pine apple,
CRANE, J. C. and J. voN OVERVEE
in fig. Sci. 147: 1468.
DENNIS, D. T.-1967. Apple frui
seeds, Sci, 156 : 71-72.
DESTAL, H. C. and A. C. LE tomatos. Sci. 58 : 1579-1580.
JACKON, D. I. and D. G. CooMBE developing apricot. Sci. 154:
SCOOT, F. M. arrd A. C. LEOPol ethylene. Plant Physiol. 42 : 10
RUsso, L. Jr. H. C. DosTAL and
tion of fruit ripening. Bio Sci.
 

IN GUAWA BY GBBERELLIC ACID
LEWIS-1962. Regreening of valencia sium gibberellate. Plant Physiol. 37 :
LL-1868. Induction of flowering by is ethylene releasing agents for induce
Nature, 218: 974-976.
k.-1965. Kinin-induced parthenocarpy
E set-an evidence for specific role of
PoLD-1967. GA delays ripening of
-1966. Gibberellin, like substances in
277.
D.-1967. Opposing effect of GA and 21-1023.
A. C. LEOPOLD-1968. Chemical regula
8 : 109.
89

Page 34


Page 35
FertiZer experim
(Zea Mays) on
S. KATHIRGAMIATHAIYAH
(Department of Ag.
INTRODU
WITH the advent of high yielding to investigate the nutrient require soil and climatic conditions. Suppl requisite to exploit the fullest expi in adapted maize varieties. The I depend on whether it is being grov pose (1). For the grain crop, whi vital importance, very heavy applic: (1). It is considered that in maize is more important than the level
paper describes experiments carrie Farm during the period 1961-1963,
N. P. K. fertilizers under the soil a
MATERIALS Al
The experiment was a NPK, 3X The levels of N., P and K were as
Leael No, lb |ac
O - - O
- - 40
2 80
Nitrogen as ammonium sulphate wa at planting and the other half s potassium as concentrated superphic pectively were applied at the time Dixie 22. A plot size of 10 ft x 30 ft and 2 ft between the rows was use per hill and thinned to one seedlin ing up was done after the applica weeks after sowing. Cobs were ha after sowing. Statistical analysi yields.
-T 13286 (4/70)

ents with maize
a Bibile soil
AND N. DHARMARAJAH
riculture, Ceylon)
(Received April, 1970)
JCTION
varieties, it has become necessary ments of cereal crops under local y of adequate nutrients is a preression of the high yielding genes equirments of fertilizer for maize Vn for grain or fodder /silage purtle phosphorus and potash are of ations of nitrogen are not desirable grain production, nutrient balance of any single nutrient (2). This d out at the Bibile Experimental to study the response of maize to nd climatic conditions in Bibile.
NDİ METHODS
3 x 3 factorial in three replicates. follows :-
P2O5 lb/ac K.O lb | ac
O - - O
30 - - 5
60 30
s given in two split doses, one half six weeks later. Phosphorus and osphate and muriate of potash resof sowing. The variety used was t with a spacing of 2 ft in the row ad. Two or three seeds were sown g per hill after two weeks. Earthtion of nitrogen top-dressing at 6 arvested at the end of 3 months s was carried out only on grain
9.

Page 36
TROPICAL AGRICULTUF
- RES (a) Maha 1961-62
The soil on which the experin
clay loam and had the following cl
pH - - - - -
Nitrogen - -
Available phosphorus (Tru
Exchangeable potassium Organic matter
The main effects of N., P and K
Table II—Mean yiel
Leel N
O - 42.2
I - - 48.3 2 5(). 1
The results could be Summarize
(i) N gave a response signific 80 lb N/ac levels of N 0 level, there was no si and 80 lbs levels of N.
(ii) P too gave a response sig
P2O5/ac level was sig 0 lb PO/ac levels ar ficantly superior to the
(iii) K did not show a statist
(iv) None of the two factor
ficant.
(b) Maha 1962–63. The trial was heavily damaged (c) Maha 1963–64.
The soil was again a sand characteristics :-
pH . . Nitrogen Available phosphorus. (Tr
Exchangeable potassium
Organic matter
92

IST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
ULTS
ent was carried out was a sandy aracteristics :
5.5 ... 0.80% Ogs) . . 12.0 lb. P/ac .
0.24 m.e.9% 1.20%
are as shown in Table 1.
is of maize in bu/ac
Ρ K ... L. S. D. 39.8 . . 45.5 . . 器.8 47.8 . . 46.7 52.9 . . 48.4
d as follows :-
ant at the 1% level. While 40 and were significantly superior to the ignificant difference between the 40
Inificant at the 1% level. The 60 lb lificantly superior to both 30 and ld 30 lb P.O.5/ac level was signi3 O level of P.
ically significant response.
interactions was statistically signi
by wild boar and was abandoned
clay loam with the following
6.0 ... 0.11% logs) . . 20. 0 lb. P/ac . .
...0.25 me. 1.45

Page 37
FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS WI
The yields were generally low (Table 2 and 1).
Table 2-Mean yield.
· · JLe?xe! N - F
O - - 33.2 2 36.9 . . 3 2 . . 34.2 4
The summary of the results is as
(i) P gave a response significa. 30 lb P2O5/ac levels wel level, there was no sing and 30 lb PO/ac levels
(ii) N did not show a significa)
(iii) K did not show a significa
(iv) None of the two facto
significant.
DISCUS
Both these experiments showed This result is in direct contrast to t (4), where the direct response to marked residual effect was observe present experiments was howev nearly 8 bu/ac in Maha 1961-62 (" 1963-64 (Table 2) was obtained fo) These soils are low in available response to P fertilizer is quite un
A response of 5.9 bu/ac was obt for an application of 40 lb N/ac. addition of N, (Table 1) but the e may not be favourable with the va these experiments. This result is reported from Maha Illuppallama (: was obtained at levels exceeding 4C conditions. In Maha 1963–64, t significant was only 3.7 bu/ac, for
(Table 2). The soil N was low and co

H MAIZE ON A BIBILE SOIL
2r than those of Maha 1961-62.
of maize in bu/ac
K L. S. D. 5.6 34,3 .. 4、8 7.5 33.2 0.3 36.8
follows :-
nt at 1% level. While the 60 and e significantly superior to the O nificant difference between the 60
nt response.
nt response.
r interactions was statistically
SSION
good response to P fertilizer. hat obtained at Maha-Illuppallama P fertilizer was very small but a 2d. The residual effect of P in the er not studied. A response of Table 1) and 13.7 bu/ac in Maha an application of 60 lb PO/ac.
phosphorous and the observed derstandable.
ained in Maha 1961-62 (Table 1) The yield increased on further conomics with higher levels of N riety of maize (Dixie 22) used in in close agreement with that 5), where no discernible advantage ) lb N/ac for maize under rain fed he response which was not the addition of first 40 lb N/ac Iomparable to that of Maha 1961-62,
93

Page 38
TROPICAL AGRICULTUE
and a greater response to N woul inconsistent response to N in M. biological variation.
Absence of a significant respo sidering the very satisfactory K application of K at 30 lb K2O/ac any lodging tendency that may Krantz and Chandler (3) observed application of K fertilizers when
CONCIL
Fertilizer experiments showed ponds to both N and P fertilizers P2O5, and 30 lb K2O per acre co and Similar Or related Varieties. Of
ACKNOWL)
The authors Wish to thank Mes for their assistance in the field WC Statistician for the analysis of th
REFEF
(1) BERGER, J.-1962. Maize Prod Centre d’Etude de l'Azote, (
(2) FISHER, F. L.-1954. Better Crc
(3) KRANTz, B. A. and W. V. CHAN) and Yield of Corn as Influen and Potash. Agron, J. 43 (1
(4) Administration Report of the Govt. Publications Bureau, C
(5) Administration: Report of the
Govt. Publications Bureau,
94

EST, VOL. CxxVI, 1970
i have been expected. The rather aha 1963-64 may possibly due to
se to K Was not surprising, constatus of the soils. However, an Would be beneficial to counteract e produced by high levels of N. that lodging was decreased by the ligh levels of N were used.
USIONS
that on Bibile soils, maize res... An application of 40 lb N, 60 lb uld be recommended for Dixie 22 maize. On these soils.
EDGEMENTS
Srs. I. Balasuriya and T. Arulrajah )rk and Mir. V. Navaratnam, former he experiments.
RENCES
uction and the Manuring of Maize. Seneva.
ps. 38 (4) : 15-16.
DLER-1951.-Lodging, Leaf Composition ced by Heavy Applications of Nitrogen 1) : 547-552.
Department of Agriculture. 1961-1962. olombo, Ceylon. Part IV: pp C218.
Department of Agriculture. 1966-1967.
Colombo, Ceylon, Part IV: pp C 94.

Page 39
ܦ݂ܝܢ
Response of plant grOW
* (Magnifera
AyoDHYA PRASAD and E
Horticultural Researeh
MANGO is one of the most delicio is the king fruit of India and is g in the World market. In techniques with regard to mango got a great potentiality in the fiel plant growth regulators have been than untreated ones (25, 28, 33) and on the commercial and industrial de 39, 45, 46, 48, 51).
Although much work has been deciduous fruits viz; grapes, appl little has been attempted in case like mango, guava, citrus etc. R. investigations in mango it was cor work done so far on the response mango, and suggest possible steps furthering the mango improvem regulators employed in the present
(i) beta-indoleacetic acid (IA (ii) beta—indolebutyric acid (I (iii) beta—indolerpropionis acid (iv) alpha-Naphthaleneacetic { (v) 2, 4—Dichlorophenoxyaceti (vi) 2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenoxya (vii) 2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenoxy (viii) Methylester of Naphthalen
(ix) 2, 3, 5-Triiodobenzoic acid

h regulators to mango
indica L.)
AM ABHILASH PATHAK
Institute, Saharanрит
(Received November 1969)
us and choicest fruits of India. It aining popularity and importance he advances of horticulture industry, certain chemicals have i of horticulture industry. Some reported to induce better rooting their use has got a great impact avelopment of horticulture (26, 36,
done on the various aspects in e, apricot, pear, strawberry etc., of tropical and subtropical fruits ealizing the importance of such sidered desirable to review the of plant growth regulators to which may prove useful in ent programme. Plant growth discussion are listed as below :—
A)
BA)
(IPA)
cid (NAA)
acid (2, 4-D) etic acid (2, 4, 5-T) ropionic acid (2, 4, 5-TP) acetic acid (MENA)
(TIBA)
95

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TROPICAL AGRICULTU
(x) Gibberellic acid (GA) (xi) 1, 2-Dihydro-3, 6-Pyrida, (xiii) Phenylacetic acid (IPA)
(xiii) Alpha-Naphthaleneacetami
1. Rooting -Hundreds of papel tion with the use of plant growth recorded by Sen (48), Sen et al. Jauhari and Nigam (24, 26), Rao and Tewari (72), Rao et al. (36) ||
(a) Cuttings:-Results of variou 60), data accumulated on harn proved that the beneficial effect and time of application. Hus " Rootone', Rao et al. (46) with cent), and Thakurta and Dutta (7 good Success in the rooting of cl et al. (52) reported 70 to 80% imp 2,000 ppm. pretreatment in old c
Mukherjee et al. (37) applied ) cut portions and found 50 per cer of cuttings in comparision to 30 petively. Further, Mukherjee et ( ringed point and left the branche reported the maximum percenta cuttings from one month old sees
(b) Air layering :-Plant grow the maximum success in air laye Singh (57) applied 1.0 per cent l and found 80, 40, 22, 20, 80, 70, 6 succes in air layering in Brind Totapari Small, Kala, Anfas, R Special No. 2, Banasi Langra and On the other hand, Ladin and IR root formation with 1 per cent N the success of propagation depé formed in the ideal conditions of
Srivastava (71) reported 100 pe treatments of NAA (5,000 and 10 NAA. Mukherjee and Bid (36) ir
96

IST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
ine-dione (Maleic hydrazide) (MIH)
de (NAD)
's have been published on propagaregulators. Their effects have been (51, 52), Singh and Teaotia (66), and Sreeramulu (45), Srivastava
and Kannan and Rao (29).
s research workers (4, 10, 37, 40, 49. lones treatment of cuttings have lies with the proper concentration sain (21) with NAA Acetamide [AA IBA, PA NAD (0.25 or 0.5 per 6) with IAA (3 percent) observed a uttings under mist conditions. Sen proved rooting with the help of IBA. uttings.
(B.A. 5,000 ppm in lanolin paste at it rooting, 40 per cent establishment and 16.66 per cent in control, resl. (38) used IBA (500 ppm) at the as attached to the monther tree and ge of rooting and establishment of lings.
th regulators have been used to get sing (5 9 22 23 51 55 56 69 74). NAA on the cut spots of the branch 50, 60, 100, 60, 40 and 10 per cent abami, Krishnabhog, Sammerkand, ataul, Dashehari, Machhali, P. S. | Fajri Kalan varieties, respectively. uehle (31) observed no success in AA. However, it is suggested that ands upon the best operation per
temperature and humidity.
r cent success of air-layers with the ,000 ppm) and mixtures of IBA and their trials found that IBA (10,000

Page 41
RESPONSE OF PLANT GROWT
and NAA (5,000 ppm) induced 10C ponding survival rates of layers up cent, respectively.
Basu et al. (3) studied biochemic regions at 4 stages-ringing, pre-c
i days after ringing, and root emer.
and without IBA treatment and r drates in untreated layered shoots a IBA. Concentration of arginine -- ] treated and control shoots while, A until pre-callusing stage in untreal in IBA treated layers and fell stea
(c) Nursery Stock.-Kannan and stones in GA solutions and reporte graftable plant size within 2 to 2 immediate increase in growth rat recorded. Thomas et al., (77) found GA 300 ppm, treatment. Treated se the age of 7 months as compared to
(d) Bud take-Gur (19) reporte take by immersing the bud wood Further Gur and Samish (20) fol take by the application of IAA pa
2. Breeding: -It has been found t isobutyrate applied before and dur cells has no effect on floral develop during early stages of floral differ number of flowers produced or the
3. Alternate bearing and growth. ppm and MH 0.4-0,6 per cent on m: basis of results obtained, that a cro even in off year. Singh and Singh and MH in Soultion form and repo reduced fruit yield in on year V Succeeding off year. Some auxin. are transported to the apical meris and other plant growth regulators aspect and these are also related plants. NAA 50 ppm and MH 50, induced the emergence of mixed regular croping (50). -

H REGULATORS TO MANGO
per cent rooting and the corresto one year were 95 and 90 per
all changes in the root forming illusing 8 days later, callusing 9 gence 34 days after ringing, with ported increase of total carbohyind in those treated with 3,000 ppm listidine in wood fell sharply in anine increased in bark and wood ed layers and the callusing stage dily thereafter. C
Rao (29) immersed mango Seeg that GA 500 and 1,000 ppm gave 1/2 months of stones sowing. 2 of treated seedlings was also | an increase in plant height with edlings were ready for budding a control which took 12 months.
d the efective response in buc into 200 ppm Solution of IAA. und the increase Success in bud Liste on the incision of budding.
hat foliar Sprays of 2, 3–Dichlororing meiosis of the pollen mother ment. NNA, IAA and IBA sprays "entiation did not affect the tota proportion of perfect flowers (18)
-Singh (58) sprayed GA 50, 100 ango shoots and suggested, on the p may be taken by the use of GA
(62) applied 2, 4-D, 2, 4, 5-T, NA A : Drted that 2, 4, 5-T significantly with a Small compensation in the s are produced in the leaves and tems. The role of Gibberellic acid in flowering is an important With the auxins produced in the 500 and 5,000 ppm treatments panicles which are required for
ti ,
97

Page 42
TROPICAL AGRICULTU
Singh and Singh (59) reported at the base of fruiting panicles, directly to lateral buds and gird growth in laterel buds. Growth fruits to shoots specially in early large amount in fruits. Kachru et 10- in lanolin paste on buds in found that 10- MGA completel shoots produced vegetative grow 10- 10-" and 10-' MGA also s flowering, respectively. It is sug. higher concentration of GAs deblossoming for getting regular B-Nine and Cycocel at 1,000, 2,0 Langra varieties and reported th increased flowering in both the v as well but B-Nine although sig did not show any benificial effec
4. Seac ratio:—Expression of Se role in the ultimate effect of fru growth regulators have been four ble sex ratio from the point of v Application of NAA 50 and 100 of Kalapady variety, reduced nu flower to 14 and to 9, respective (35).
5. Pollen viability:-Singh (65) TIBA, NAA, 2, 4, 5-T, GA, Colchici nation with 25 per cent sucrose growth regulator like IBA at 10 p. germination and pollen tube grov
6. Fruit setting:-Initially ther the effects of growth substances O. were transmitary and at maturity treatments (73). However, Singh and MIHI 200, 400 and 800 ppm to flowers in the varieties Janardan ppm was found effective and it a per panicle in Baneshan variety.
7. Fruit development and fruit in chromatographic experiments
98

TRIST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
that TIBA in lanolin paste applied Kinetin in lanolin paste applied ing below the apex failed to induce substances were translocated from stages when they were produced in al. (27) applied GA 10-, 10-, 10- and on year on 15th October, 1968 and y inhibited flowering and treated th in the month of March, 1969. Luppressed 75, 17 and 11 per cent gested that complete inhibition by could replace the mechanical " yields. Mati et al. (1969) applied )0 and 4,000 ppm in Baramasi and at B-Nine and Cycocal, significantly rarieties. Cycocal increased fruit set gnificantly increased flowering but it on fruiting.
x and sex ratio play a considerable it set and crop yield. Certain plant ld to be useful for inducing favouraiew of the beneficial cropping (61). ppm spray 6 times on whole plant Lmber of male flowers per female ly in comparison to 20 in control
tried 10, 20 and 30 ppm of IAA, tne, Boric acid and Borax in Combi
solution and reported that plant pm had increasing effects on pollen Vith.
e were considerable differences in in fruit setting in mango. The effects there was no difference among the et al. (61) used NAA 200, 400 ppm
increase the percentage of perfect Pasand and Baneshan. NAA 200 lso increased 3 to 5 times fruit set
drop.-Chacko et al. (6) observed that at least 3 compounds with the

Page 43
RESPONSE OF PLANT GROW
Gibberellin activity were found in
of them was identical to GAs. Benzyladenine in addition to au: parthenocarpic fruit development
The actual metabolic role of p. the Abscission Zone is still a moo life of the tissues of the abscissio quently is seems that whole Zone potentiality to bear the load and mation. A considerable check ir reported by the use of plant grow 44, 53, 54, 63, 67, 70. 80). The mai maximum yield by the ultimate r Aqueous sprays of different concel applied at the begining of bloom, of fruit, after setting in Langra superior results to control. Howeve the three stages was found in case and double spray of 2, 4, 5-T at 25 ppm gave significant findings and (75).
IAA at 15 ppm, IBA at 5, 10 pp 10, 30 ppm and PF at 25 ppm wi the preharvest drop when applied in Bangalora (1). Treatments of 2, up to 50.9 and 52.8 per cent respec
The various plant growth regula reducing fruit drop. 2, 4-D proved retention of 56, 83, 84 and 83 per respectively (64). It was found tha ppm increased fruit retention frc
Dashehari, while in Langra only retention from 21.98 to 23.15 per reported the most beneficial result
(20-60 ppm) in the period somew Early May. Chadha and Singh (8 (20, 40 and 60 ppm) and reported t in the fruit drop in 2, 4-D treatme
2'-D (1-15 ppm) in Gulab-Khas,
varieties and reported that 5-10 p. siderably reduced the fruit drop.

H REGULATORS TO MANGO
developing mango fruits but One Further they reported that Noin and GA are necessary for in mango.
ant growth regulator in tissue of question. It is believed that the region is prolonged and consebecomes healthy and develops regists the abcission layer forfruit drop in mango had peen h regulators (14, 15, 16, 17, 34, 42, n aim of drop-stop is to get the etention of fruits in the panicles. itrations of NAA, GA and 2, 4, 5-T at full bloom and at the pea stage variety gave the significantly }r, the highest fruit retention in all of NAA 5 ppm treatment. Single ppm and single spray of GA at 100 highest fruit retention in Dashehair
m, 2, 4-D at 5, 15 ppm, 2, 4, 5-T at ere found promising in controlling 60 days before the normal harvest 4-D at 30 and 40 ppm reduced drop tively in Neelum (43).
ators showed significant results on
to be the best and gave a fruit cent under 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm. ut NAA at 15 ppm and 2, 4-D at 10 om 18.00 to 20.79 per cent in 2, 4-D at 15 ppm increased fruit cent Over control (68). Chadha (7) as with the use of NAA and 2, 4-D here between the mid-April and 3) used NAA, 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T hat there was significant reduction 2nt. Roy et al. (47) used NAA and
Him,Sagar, Langra and Bombai pm of both the substances con
99

Page 44
TROPICAL AGRICULTU)
8. Qualitu:–The industrial valu
quality of the fruits produced. R
remarkable effects of hormones o mango fruits (8, 11, 13, 41).
(a) Ripening : - Application of lators, applied to fruits before t shown retardation in ripening (7 of skin colour was closely and it was more pronounced in the fruits than with MH-40 (1,000, 1,50 (30. reported that 2, 4, 5-TP at 800 mirg hastened maturity by 2 wee blossoming hastened fruit maturi size in case of Amini variety.
Mature fruits treated with 2, 4 ppm revealed that the effect for in promising when 2, 4, 5-T was appl
(b) Ascorbic acid :-Increased co (30 in the pulp of fruit treated increased content of ascorbic acid 5-T at 200 ppm and mixture of M ppa. Similar observations have be (8) with 2, 4-D at 40 and 60 ppm NAA, 2, 4, 5-T and 2, 4, 5-TP in D
(c) Total soluble Solids :-Arora a 2, 4, 5-T 2, 4, 5-TP Singly and in and Langra mangoes during the de an increase in the content Of total (8) on the other hand reported remained uneffected when NAA, 2 20, 40 and 60 ppm in Langra varie
(9) Parthenocarpic fruit : --Venk removing staminate flowers and 1 in a panicle and treating the ema ppm, increased fruit set in three observed that the growth of emb the parthenocarpic fruits.
10. Seed germination :-The germ ted with 2, 4, 5-TP was reduced S. for seedling emergence was also p
00

IST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
e of the fruits depends on the high esearch workers have found the n the development and quality of
the dilute solution of growth reguhe commencement of storage, has 8). The retardation in the changes
associated with the ripening 2, 4, 5-T (1,000, 1,500 ppm) treated 0 ppm) (12). Kennard and Winters ppm applied 3 weeks after blossoks, while treatments 6 weeks after ty by one week and reduced fruit
5-T and MH-40 at 1,000 and 1,500 creasing the storage life was most ied at 1,000 ppm (13). -
intent of ascorbic acid was recorded With 2, 4, 5-T. Date (11) reported with MH-40 at 1,000 ppm and 2, 4, H at 1,000ppm and 2, 4, 5-T at 100 ten reported by Chadha and Singh
and by Arora and Sinh (2) with ushehaʼri, mango.
ind Singh (2) applying 2,4-D, NAA, the form of mixture on Doshehor velopment of fruits period observed | Soluble solids. Chadha and Singh that total Soluble Solids content 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T was applied at ety.
ataratnam (79) found that after eaving only 20-30 bisexual flowers sculated flowers with NAA at 10 varieties of mango. It was also yo was completedly inhibited in
hination of mango seeds when treaignificantly and the time required rolonged (30). Adverse effects of

Page 45
RESPONSE OF PLANT GROW
higher concentrations of 2, 4-D anc seeds were recorded (2) in Dashe ppm) proved beneficial in case of l
It would, thus, appear from the day knowledge on some of the as evident from the above that the widely varying. Therefore it is s ches with plant growth regulators conducted in the different climatic: dations should be given for the d
ACKNOWL.
The authors wish to express the Prasad, Director, Horticultural Re for providing them with facilities
REFER
(1) ANON (1961). 5th Annual progr
study the application of grow Anantha Rajupeth, Andhra Pr
(2) ARORA, K. S. and R. SINGH (19
drop, fruit quality and Seed Sc. 34 46-55.
(3) BASU, R. N., B. LAHIRI and P.
during regeneration of roots ir L.) Curr. Sci. 36 : 413-15.
(4) —, B. GHOSH, P. DATT, and
and air layers of mango (Man sium. On Mango and Mango C
(5) BID, N. N. and S. K. MUKERJEE ( shoot; etiolation and different gifera indica L.) cuttings, Ibic
(6) CHACKO, E. K. R. N. SINGH and
of fruit development in mang significance to biennial bearin
(7) CHADHA, K. L. (1963). Control ( lators. Ph. Hort. Jour. III (2-
(8) - and K. K. SINGH (1963). E. fruit drop, sizes and quality O. 30-33.
 

H REGULATORS TO MANGO
2, 4, 5-T on germination of mango. hari and Langra but 2, 4, 5-T (16
ashehari only.
foregoing review that the present pects is rather scanty. It is also results on Some of the aspects are uggested that well planned researon the various aspects should be 1l regions and beneficial recommenevelopment of mango industry.
EDGEMENT
r deep sense of gratitude to Dr.A. search Institute, Saharanpur, J.P. from time to time.
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ess report of the cordinated Schene to
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K. SEN (1967). Biochemical changes air layers of mango (Mangifera Indica.
P. K. SEN (1969). Rooting in cuttings gifera indica L.Q. International SympoSulture, 1969 Abstract pp 6.
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l. рр. 8.
R. B. KACHIRU (1969). Hormonal control o (Mangifera indica L.) and its possible g. Ibid. pp. 10.
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i Langra mango. Indian J. Hort. 20 (1) :
O

Page 46
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DATE, W. B. (1960). Pre-harve ascorbic acid content of man
- and P. B. MATHUR (1956) fruitS. Proc. Fr. Tech, ASSOC.
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HUSSAIN, I. (1963). Some studie ing of cuttings of Horticultur
JAUHAR1, O. S. (1962). Air-laye. Substances for propagating India. Directorate of Eactensi
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9). Air-layering in mango with the aid ullahabad, Farner XXXIII (4) : 247-49.
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g in mango for rootstock. Allahabad
in mango. Fruit nursery practices in yn, New Delhi. pp. 77-81.

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KALIFA, A. S., M. M. EL AzzoUNI studies on mango cuttings. Ind
KANNAN, K. and V. N. M. RAo (19 germination, seedling growth a J. 51 : 77-8,
KENNARD, W. C. and H. F. WIN application on the size, matu Proc. Almer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 6
LEDLN R. B. and G. D. RUEHLE and culture A. R. Fla. Agric.
MAITI, S. C., R. N. BASU (196 Control of growth and flower International Symposium on pp. 22.
IMAJUMIDAR, P. K, and S. K. MUK: tion of root stocks in mango.
MALIK, P. C. (1961). Subject
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MUKHERJEE, S. K. and N. N. BID
fera indica L.) II. Effect treatments on the Success of 35 : ՅՈ9-14
-, P. K. MAJUMDER, R. N. E propagation of mango (Md. Curr. Sci. 34 : 434-35.
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NAIR, N. G. - (1965). Studie Desrouss. Parasitising Mangif
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PRASAD, A. and R. A. PATHAK
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E. K. CHACKo (1969). Effect of exogeacid on the flower bud diferentiation
L.) variety Dashehari. International ngo Culture. Abstract pp 24-25.
and Y. A. WALI (1964). Physiological iam J. Hort. 21 : 179-85. --
}64). Effect of Gibberellic acid on Seed ind graft take in mango. Madras Agric.
TER (1956). The effects of 2, 4, 5-T. ration and quality of Amini mangoes. 7: 290-7.
(1964). Mango selection, propagation Eacp. Stim, pp. 2911-2.
9) and P. K. SEN (1969) Chemical ing in mango (Mangifera indica L.). Mango and Mango Culture. Abstract
HERJEE (1961). A note on the propaga
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3, paper No. VI (Utiled). A paper es. Worker Conf. Poona, May 1961.
NGH (1969). Effect of hormones on the 28 : DVJ.
(1965). Propagation of mango (Mangiof etiolation and growth regulator air-layering. Indian Jour. Agric. Sci.
3ID and A. M. SWAMI (1965). Clonal ngifera indica L.) through cuttings.
cks of mango (Mangifera indica L.) II 2e, invigoration and etiolation on the Dir. Hort, Sci. 42 : 83-7.
s on the control of Loranthus elasticals era indica linn. Using 2, 4-D. Agric.
69). Mango propagation work done at
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(1969). Effect of MENA and NAA on rility in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Drti. (In Press). -
103

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I TROPICAL AGRICULTUR
(42) -, - (1969). Studies on chromatography, Ph. Hort. ,
(43). Rao, S. N. (1961). Studies on t f.A regulators on fruit set, fruit mango and other fruit crops
ചേ Res. Worker. Conf. Poona,
(44) – and G. H. SUBBA RAo (19|| lators on fruit drop in Neel (205-208).
(45) - and P. SREERAMULU (196. rooting response of air-lay
Unpublished.
(46) - G. S. SWAMI P. SREERAM
regulators in propagation of III (3-4) : (175-79).
(47) RoY, R. S., V. S. CHHONIKAR ar
growth regulators on fruit
(48). SEN, P. K. (1939). A note on
acetic acids on rooting of g
ence to Litchi and Mango, (
(49). SEN, P. K. and T. K. BOSE (19 tion of roots VI. Effect of g. Justicia, Mulberry and no
changes in Carbohydrate an tissues. Indian Agriculturist 8
(50) - J. N. BHANDURI and A. K. tances on flowering of mang
(51) - T. K. BOSE and T. SASI)
(Mangifera indica L.) by
Ibid. V (2) : 167-72.
(52) SEN, P. K., R. N. BASU, T. E
Rooting of mango cuttings
(53) SINGH, K. K. S. SINGH and K. I in mango, Curr. Sci. 28 : 34
(54) ---- (1959). Effect o
mango, Indian J. Hort. 16 :
(55) SINGH, L. B. (1953). Vegetative . - indica L.) By air-layering (G
(56) (1954) Propagation of n. Pro. Amer. Soc. Hort, Sci. 6 (57) 1954( ܢ ._ܐ) Annual report Oif
Pradesh for the year July 1
104.

IST, VOL. CXXVI, 1970
amino acids in fruit crop by paper J. (In Press). -
he effect of GA and other plant growth drop and total yield of Citrus, Guava,
;. A paper presented at Fourth Hort. May, 1961.
53). Effect of some plant growth reguum Mango. Pb. Hort. Jour. III (2-4) :
2). Effect of growth substances on the er in mango (Mangifera indica L.)
(ULU and R. N. READY (1963), Growth mango by air-layering. Pb. Hort, Jour.
ld S. N. PRASAD (1963). Effect of plant drop in mango. Ibid.: 209-13.
the effect of Indolebutyric and Indolereen wood cuttings with special referDurr. Sci. 8 553.
64). Physiological studies on regenera
rowth. Substances. On root formation in lango stem cuttings and cocomitant
d nitrogenous substances in the rooting
: 102-119.
... LAHIRI (1962). Effect of growth subsO (Mangifera indica L.) 215-16.
BHUSAN (1961). Propagation of mango air-layering with growth substances.
سمبر
K. BOSE and N. ROY CHOUDHRY (1968).
under mist. Curr. Sci. 37: 144-6.
L. CHADHA (1959). Control of fruit drop 6.
f some plant regulators on fruit drop in
(2) : 86-91.
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