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Political of the Pea
S.A.JOTH
Public
Research Centre for

Challengesangan ce Process
ILINGAM
cation
Tal
- Inter Racial Peace

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伊
ܒܓܠ
Poli Challeng Peace
S.A.JOth
B.A.(Hons) Po-Sc, M.A. (Po.-Sc), Di Political analyst, Joint-Secr Inter-racial Pe
Speech delivered a 2004.06.26. at Trincol
Hall, Organized by Developme
Publis Research Centre for Inte
 
 
 
 

lilingam p-in-Int, af(BCIS), Dip-in-Edu (NIE) etary, Research Centre for 2ace (Recipe)
t the Seminar held on malee Municipal Council the Institute of Social nt & Research
hed by - Racial Peace (RECIPE)

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Olio 20 22930
Ti
Political challenges o
- Aut S.A.Jott
Edit First Edit
Public Research Centre for 143/3, Kew roac
binarinnar endingurinn nimo dieniai
GADE OSIsos

ilio9 Dnollal 1990s
of the peace process chor hilingamcasteroidAE
tion ion 2004
cation
· Inter Racial Peace 1, Colombo - 02
boyib
ond got adnabangens

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Dedic Charles A
 

ATION
cated to Abeysekara

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PubliS
Today, when the peace analyst S.A.Jothilingham has challenges of the peace proce
This book presents a li political situation from the all
The Research Centre fo very pleased to to pioneer this to this country which has bee War.
All the Communities inh understanding and goodwill. the political culture and traditi best to create the atmospher
Nadarajah Janagan Joint Secretary
Research Centre for Int

her's Notes
processes are in a stalemate Social Written this book titled Political 2SSes".
ucid picture of the contemporary
angles.
or Inter-Racial Peace (RECIPE) is publication. Normalcy should return n devastated by the 20 year long
abiting this land should live with One community should respect
Ons of the other. RECIPE Will do its
e to reliase these objectives.
er- Racial Peace (RECIPE)
O1

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FOr
I believe this is the shot my student friend, S.A. Jothilir depth of content, intellectua intellectual exCellence that is SI
The book reallycontains a by him in Trincomalee. In this matterS, Viz.
1. Mr. Jothilingam's dec
2. The Southern politic highlighted in the il
Let us dwell Ont peace processes initiated in 200 almost reached a stalemate ir the LTTE has opted for a return surfaced in the peace process h though some realities that bo had to face up to now, endo to the brink of war, there has exerted on both sides to desis restraint on the part of representatives of the Tam international rather than nation
The Govt. in officef LTTE aS Well as the Tamil libera at the international level, vi Castigate the LTTE as autocrati settlement of the national q
(

eWOrd
test out of the books written by gam, but in it one can find ll honesty and a penchant for ) manifest in this booklet.
comprehensive speech delivered ; preface I wish to refer to two
lication and depth of knowledge,
Cal balanCe Of forCeS not n the book.
he second matter first. The 12 for a solution to the problem 2003. Neither the Govt. nor to the War. Certain traits that ave Caused the stalemate. Even th the Govt. and the LTTE have f September, drove the country been some significant pressure it from going back to War. The the LTTE, as the foremost ls, has been Chiefly due to al factors.
rom 1994 to 2001 projected the tion struggle as abominationsrulently campaigning mainly to Sans any vision for a peaceful estion. This gave rise to the 2

Page 8
development, in the West , to ar political discriminations that the suffer.. Not only as the only org liberation struggle of the Tamils what turned into a conventional v Govt. on occasions, the LTTE triu it a silent approval. Its territor
significant in this regard, and su
· ceasefire into being, And thus t to war, chiefly because that wou liberation struggle in the internat having emerged as the only politic a political opportunity for the L stance to the international comm
Govt was also under pre: accept the ceasefire: firstly, local the first time, to admit that cease survival. Besides, dearth of ma to be a serious problem. There v villages over growing numbers of there were other problems liker etc.
In this scenario returning to the ceasefire meant their (soldie strong expectation and evenrea important reason. Since the posi dissipated, the UNP perceived space for their activities.
ang The ceasefire thus became mean there was a change of h security and economic factors ref transpired in the South was
03

mindset of indifference to the Tamils in Sri Lanka have had to anization that sustained the , but also the way it handled Jarfare destabilizing the Sinhala umphed and that is what gave rial control within Sri Lanka is ch strength alone brought the he LTTE didn't opt for a return Id be detrimental to the Tamil ional political arena. Moreover, cal force, the ceasefire provides
TE to demonstrate their real unity. Hodnog Ssure from another angle to | capitalists came together for fire was essential for economic anpower also gradually proved las patent anger in the Sinhala dead or injured soldiers. Also, unning camps, defence lines
· war is just not possible, That. rs') sustained survival was a lity that constituted another tions of the PA regime had that the ceasefire would give
! a political reality. But did it eart, quite apart from the erred to? Certainly not. What the diametrical opposite of

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Consensual politics. There Was n of the two major parties as reg during their respective steward to the Sinhala masses to chang
Moreover, influential Budc relentless anti-Dravidian campai the State religion, and some that Tamils, in tandem with for a Sinhala Buddhist Country. Th day.
The Sinhala people avid kind of the education system an has been presented to them. to resolve the Tamil problem administrative as Wellas internat general opinion is that its bett Tamils, and that is a natural political ambience.
This attitude has been st Sinhalese from the time the qui What was started at the Privena extended to the national level.
During the late 19th centul Buddhist upsurge triggered by A against foreigners in urban cent targeted then were the Muslim background did the Sinhala-Musl Hindu Tamil leader , Sir Ponnai London to defend the Buddhist
Embedded in Sinhala Bud anti-nationalist phenomenon,
O

D change whatever on the part ards the seeds of racism Sown ship. Neither did they appeal 2 that position.
historganizations carried on a gn. What is more, Buddhism, State institutions campaigned eign forces, were dividing this is campaign Continues to this
y believe this, thanks to the d the distorted way that history The apparent urgency shown is due to pressure at the Govt. ional levels, But the prevailing ær not to grant anything to the attitude, given today's Socio
Irongly propagated among the estion of ethnic identity arose. education level has since been
y and first quarter of the 20th, nagarika Dharmapala militated res especially in Colombo. Also s and Malayalis. Against this im riots breakout in 1914, and nbalam Ramanathan went to
against the Muslims.
dhist nationalism itself Was an which wended its way through 4.

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anti-Muslim, anti-Malayali, ant to anti-Tamil positions. The CC Lanka is an entirely Sinhala-Bu since ancient times, strove to de they persist in to this day, and than mere Survival. At OfficialleVé of the basic Sinhala-Tamil Cult that Tamils made to Buddhism Ol
It is now history that politi an incumbent regime Would rol their urge to secure their vote b
During the heyd 1954) this tendency was under fact it did not emerge as a poli are significant in left politics beca influence on Communist partie Support progressive regimes, Cultural trends, left parties grad policy and supported SLFP's ant the two main left parties dropp favour of Sinhala Only. Languag local political ambience and thes for sharp Sinhala Tamil polariza that , in the 1970s, when Tam form of armed struggle, left influ disappeared,and so, pure ethni in the arm.
The Sinhala media have pr War to the Sinhalamasses. In th Sinhala Buddhist nationalism ha
abode. Concomitantly, duri
masses never got the correct pi 0.

-Indian sentiments, and finally incomitant argumentis that Sri dhist country, and the Tamils, estroy Buddhist regimes, which So they deserve nothing more als, absolutely nothing is spoken ural affinity of the contribution of the Hindu-Buddhist relations.
Cal parties seeking to destabilize use parochial ethnic feelings in anks
ay of the left movement (1930
control to a certain extent. In tical slogan. The1956 changes use of the Cold War and Russian S in post colonial countries to and the ignorance of national ually abandoned their language i-UNP line and, finally, in 1964, led the two language policy in e is a key symbol of Culture in somersault by the leftists made tions. So what is significant is il liberation campaign took the ence in Sinhala areas had totally C COnSCiOuSneSS reCeived a Shot
esented a biased picture of the e history of Sinhala print media
a has a permanent
ng the last30 years, the Sinhala
Cture of either the horrendous 5

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nature of the war or of the justnes of the Tamils. On the contrary, war was fostered at the highes
Apart from the pros and c from whether these are true or Sinhala people have not been ps Tamils demands. Hence, no par to project this political reality. stumbling block to a peaceful se fear among the Sinhalese and , the culmination of protracted an One is the emergence of transformation as Hela Urumaya the JVP - a phenomenon that is
Post 1948 class format ethnic perceptions within then Governmental concessions to gi to alien forces, distorted Marx the factors that have combined shouldn't be seen through UNP of its beginnings, the JVP which leadership rivalries to its presei speak of the minorities. At the substantial base in the urban as And they greatly desire to wield and file of the armed forces. The the forces they encountered in would be wrong to misjudge ol arti What has to be noted her peace negotiations in order to LTTE is anathema to the JVP, t that it could not do in the Sout

s and legitimacy of the demands I fallacy that this was a heroic : levels between 1996 2000. ons these developments, apart false, our concern is that the ychologically moulded to accept ty in Sri Lanka is in a position Thus, this has been the chief tlement. There is a perceived
two factors have surfaced as ti-Tamil and anti-Muslim trends. :he Sihala Urumaya and its 1. Also, significantly, the rise of ; not easy to comprehend. ions in the Sinhala areas, the n, Sinhala only Act, denial of ass-roots people, opposition cist ideological orientation are to constitute the JVP. The JVP or SLFP lens. From the politics n has metamorphosed through nt position, hesitates to even e same time, however, it has a s well as the plantation sectors, their influence among the rank y would want to leave behind 1989 and go forward. Thus, it Funderestimate them.. -e is that the JVP is opposed to
maintain their popularity. The hanks to the latter's perception a what the former has done in

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the North. So the JVP would j the JVP is opposed to a peacef of its stance. HoW should One
neither resist nor Welcome Suc
What remains to be see change its present stand. Di proved to be a force in Asia, Left union, It has granted an participated in the opening cel for Thamilnadu. TheVar of the With the Chinese leader. The speaks of the need to rein in the of the LTTE., human rights etc averse to Tamil unity. They've op has not handled the Karuna fac that they abhor Tamil unificatio the LTTE. There can be no poss this reality. Few try to come tog south thatare opposed to the pe Even if they do so they do it fo therefore this aspect had to b foreWord. Another matter Concer is the parties that should be inv
Since Jothilingam has alre do not intend to do SO. The Tamils side is seen by Tamils as a There is a touch stone that C. whether there is any organizatic presented any demand to the settlement? Arethere any condi Govt? Looking at the actions C peace processes, one can see
C

ust not forgive the LTTE. Since ul Solution, given the peculiarity face up to this? The Govt. can h hardened Sinhala positions.
in is how the JVP is going to uring the last 2 weeks it has
being a member of the Indian interview to the Hindu, having remony of the Mani Mandapam e ForWard BloC. It has al SO met
tragedy herein is that nobody e JVP, while talking ad infinitum ... They just fear to speak. JVP is enly stated that the Government tor properly. So it clearly shows in. Their sole target is defeat of ibility of peace without grasping Irips with the tendencies in the ace process being taken forward. or their own political gains. And e dwelt at some length in this ning the structure of this booklet olved in the peace negotiations.
eady referred to the Muslims, I demand for inclusivity from the nattempt to weaken the Tigers. puld clear this. That is to say, in other than the LTTE that has Govt. concerning a peaceful tions in their relations with the f Governments concerning the great deal of hesitation shown
7

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by the parties in expressing the should be granted to the Tamils. present a consensual blueprin
I would next venture Jothilingam. Today he has eme the Sri Lankan Tamils. He speci of the 20th century as to how th treated. An Honours Graduat Jaffna University, he holds Mas Kamraj University, and is also al normal criticism that Tamil schola opinions. He counts a special p stations for political discussions The great culture that I see in learning more and more. It is s propel the search for such knov will, or should, at any stage or enough research. I wish Jothili
Professor K. Shivatthamby
ES 28.09.2004 Renie
ondoniningwane
Dovolensoort is
naline also
08

e extent of political rights that
Hence the parties hesitate to
to make a small remark on erged as an expert analyst on alizes in analying constitutions e national question has been e in political science from the ters degree from the Madurai Law Student. He is above the rs do not share their research lace in local displaced radio s and political programmes.
Jothi is his predilection for -cholarly enthusiasm that could vledge. No research student age say that he has done ngam every sucessS
makinangani

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At a time when the stalemated and doubts resumption of war, it is th committed to peace to play peace process.
The stalemate is main between the communities. task of all peace loving pec between the communities. aspirations of a community h among the other comm communities should accept
In the first place, th become the topic of discussi in motion there could hopefu part of the people. They wil are. When the truth is brou come forward to accpt it, contradictions.
This is the underliying this book. This is being publi well since this question has spectrum of socitey.
This book is written fra affected by the conflict. I way one affected looks a question, (b) how he looks a what should be done to take with honesty of purpose.

Preface
peace negotiations remain are raised about a possible e paramount duty of all those a pro-active role to sustain the
ly due to lack of understanding In this scenario it is the prime ople to build up understanding
For this purpose the political have to be adequately explained munities; whether the other - them is the second stage. e political aspirations should on. When such a process is set ally be a change of heart on the I begin to see realities as they ght to the surface and people it is not hard to resolve any
objective for the publication of shed in Sinhala and English as to be taken across the entire
Im the standpoint of someone : is really an account of (a) the : the history of the national t the peace processes and (c) the peace processes forward
09

Page 15
Since this book is written i there could be differences of on in the book. I don't deny tł infact I have mentioned this
when differences of opinion cla and that is the realm of diale this.
I sincerely thank all tho Co-opertion to bring out this Jatheenthira and Kamalanath Development Research Institi of the Research Centre for Inte last but not least, the RECIPE
Prof. Karthigesu Shivath with his foreword. A good Le friend, a multi — faceted guid too.
Mr. Charles Abeysekara is life for the cause of establishin Communities. As a long-time for Inter-racial Justice and Equ of strenth to all those who sto
I have known him from the "Sarinigar" Journal. He wa security as journalists.
He never spoke even one ever I look at him, it is Thanth come to my mind. I participa beginning to end because of r
He is the only one, othe funeral people of all communi
17

y one affected by the conflict opinion on the matters dwelt hat. I welcome such opinions at the and of the book. It is ish that the truth will emerge cties. No analyst can refute
se who have extended their pook, particurlaly my friends an of the Trincomalee Social ite, Janagan and Nadarajah r-racial Peace (RECIPE) and, for publishing this book. iamby has adorned this book sader, a good Father,a good e- my thanks are due to him
s one who devoted his entire g Justice and Peace between e President of the Movement ality (MIRJE), he was a tower -od for racial harmony. - the days I was working for as deeply concerned with our
word to offend others. When ai Chelva"s figure that would ted in Charly's funeral from - ny deep affection for him. r than a politician, in whose ties and walks of life turned

Page 16
Out in large numbers. He W who wished to buildup inter. Will.
I am extremely please - my ever loving Charly.
Finally, this is my fifth for one thing, this book is a CO Secondly, it is being publish
Iam Sure the public will that was given to my earlier
S.A.Jothilingam 143/4, Kew road, Colombo - 02

as a beacon light to all those racial understanding and good
to dedicate this book to that
)Ook, and it is uniqe, because ntains my speechata Seminar. ed in all threelanguages.
extend the measure of support books.

Page 17
swnibagogao nordvest -one nos en achte dosen numele
sanoissa Sistnieerd opnionoop
letti ainsiydbenog
Honorable Chairman o My Colleague and Colom Udaya Thennakoon, official Research Institute and Lac wish to welcome all of you
Bioloonian
Today we are conduct to review the current situatio again after all peace efforts time.
In fact, war has affect Tamils, Singhalese, Muslim have been become victims in the degree of effect i communities were affected : This is of course unavoidabl the liberation struggle.
Since all Sri Lankans needed peace. Howe interpretations to the word

umrap rocina
builonis is doinutos need soon aftog Etiooniregione
lear friend Mr. Yatheenthdra, bo University Lecturer Mr. s of the Social Development lies and Gentlemen. First, I
here.
cing this seminar in an effort on whether a war would erupt s had been stalled for a long
fed all people in Sri Lanka. ms and hill country people of this war. Though different ve cannot say that other as much as the Tamil people. e as they are the one leading
suffered in the war they all ver there are different
peace and its contents.

Page 18
Especially for comme the Sinhala community co war situation but for Tamil situation, return to normal | solution all are included. people enjoy peace but Tar we cannot ignore the conce they are not reached at pe
I think the major chal is that translating peace, as peace in Sri Lanka in its re bring peace among Tami include Muslims and hill co the second challenge to pe
All these are related state structure into a plura be bringing into not only in Country regional level.
In short, I think the for face is to bring plurality in level and regional level.
It is not only bringing pl protection for plurality esse
elo We should find ways to systems for the pluralism a
Although my speech is concept, it will focus in Tam hope audience would unde

nities which engaged in war, nsiders, peace as only a nocommunity, it was a no-war fe and finding a paramagnet According to this, Sinhala nils are yet to find it. However erns presented by Tamils that
ace yet as annalists. enge that peace face today
Tamils require it. To achieve eal form it is not sufficient to Is and Singhalese only to untry people as well. This is eace. to transforming Sri Lanka's al one. This plurality should central level but also at hill
emost challenge that peace to state structure in central
urality but also a continuous ntial. build formal and non-formal nd its protection measures.
mainly based on the above il-Sinhala conflict mush. I
stand this well.
Gisienneini

Page 19
It is essential to und political struggle of Tamil transform the peace approp tormohomolinoorten
Political struggle of through four major phases. onie Transfer of power fron took place through a gradua concept of plurality was not the independence. Political constitutionally with rigidity
I have divided the constitutions. There may be about this division among v deny those opinions as wel
a First Stage -1833 - 1
Formation of a moderi with the introduction of Cole British brought the regi traditionally and customary one administration for con Thus the northeast provinc administration with other p do not mean that the e administrative system thro
major portion of the NE was identical. If we draw a |

erstand the history of the people when it comes to oriate to the people of Tamil.
Loinagamoenolpybns
the Tamil people evolved
n the British to Sri Lankans Iconstitutional process. The : accommodated even after | activities were carried out
under unitary system. periods on the basis of e several different opinions various other groups. I don't
hoton blondeloosdrew 921 eraill ansinmonov 1 State in Sri Lanka started
brook political reforms. The ions, which had unique forms of government under Jenience of administration. es were brought under one rovinces. When I say this I ntire northeast was onebughout the history. But a
under one rule traditionally Ene between Katpity and

Page 20
Trincomalee, its upper part v kingdom. There are resei history of Batticaloa comi Polonnaruwa era. Thus I dic that some parts of the East Kandy for some periods.
There are historical res NE had been under one kir the history. It's tradition tha governance changed off ar issue the change of areas (
By saying this I do not essential by applicable plura where a communal group is for being belonged to a part
The issue, which I reite been particular communitie when the Colebrook reform we formulate a State structu characteristics that State s been created with characte British rulers had introduced all these factors. This unitar fountain of ethnic issue.
The British rulers did n they followed in India regardi pluralism in India when c hundred regions of rule to administration. India's po

vas entirely under the Jaffna arches that combined the munity with Chola rule of d not deny the historical fact were under the kingdom of
searches that say the whole ng's rule in the first stage of t under king's rule areas of nd on. So is not surprising of the East often. - argue that tradition rule is lism. Pluralism is necessary s barred from State system ticular ethnic community. erate here, is that there had s and regions, in Sri Lanka is were introduced. When ire that includes with these tructure also should have ristics of pluralism. But the la unitary system ignoring y system is considered the
ot adopt the approach that ng this issue. They admitted ombining more than five
bring them all under one ist independence rulers

Page 21
developed this pluralism Constitution accordingly with today we see in India 28 Sta one Capital city. Besides thist States where they have cr system maintaining pluralism
Internal autonomy arran for aborigines too in State Meeseram and Bengal.
Il do not say that this pli to fulfill the political aspiratior to point out that there is a Cul Small Scale in India.
Tamil politics in the islan the Commencement of Coleb Was started When Tamils representation in the legislat System of rule was not a pro powers of that unitary system rulers. The only problem we derive powers. Tamils toc Singhalese to gain power. forefront in the fight ag Muththukkumaraswamy, Sir. POn Arunachalam Werethek Sir POn Arunachalam WaS leaders in socio-politicaltra as A E Gunasinghe ent transformation following his
16

'urther. They adopted a more flexibility. As a result ates, 6 Union regions and here are instances in Some eated internal autonomy in Such areas particularly.
gements have been made }s of Assam, Mohalaya,
urality in India is sufficient ls of the people. But I wish ture of pluralism even at a
ld of Sri Lanka begins with rook political reforms. This
were given a nominal ture. However, the unitary blem for Tamils When the Were in the hands of British as how the natives Would ) fought along with the amil leaders Were at the |ainst British rule. Sir Pon Ramanathan, and Sir. ey leaders in that struggle. the pioneer among these - nsformation. LeaderS Such ered politics of social footsteps.

Page 22
Eminent Scholar Anal activities against British inc Arumuga nawalar's mis Renaissance Of native reli - was initiated following the
Thus the Tamil poli maintained both Tamilider as Well. While the Tamils Tamil cultural base, they ma i in political base. Equal le helped to maintain this. Th this as KMD Silva points o did not consider themselves Considered that Tamils and Of Sri Lanka and Others Wel
The Manning political disrupted all these arrange to move towards a separate stage of Tamil politics started
Second Stage 1921
The Manning political had brought about regional Sri Lanka mostly consiste benefited Sinhala Commu representative system. T representatives electe representatives Were electe This Was due to number b Numeral democracy only ta
1

Ida Kumaraswamy initiated ultural level. In religious level Si On Was in the frOnt. gions in southern Sri Lanka bath of Arumuganawalar.
tics of this period's had tity and Sri Lankan identity maintained their identity on intained Sri Lankan identity vel ratio representation too ere Was another reason for ut. During this period Tamils s as a minority. Instead they Singhalese were majorities reminorities.
reforms introduced in 1921 ments. Tamils forced Were ! racial politics. The second with these political reforms.
1949
eformS introduCed in 1921 representative system. As d of Sinhala regions, this nity ending former equal here were only 3 Tamil d while 13 Sinhala to the Legislative Council. ased democratic System. kes the human heads into
7

Page 23
Consideration not the uniqu When We take democra consideration We can mair making process.
We Could have hande powers to the Communities, \ When it is affected due this C in several Countries double System means when issue communities beyond the te house it was necessary representatives of the partic
But, contrary to this, i. laWs Were givento governo pressures. This did not give Communities.
These are the less independence political refort the new Soulbury Constituti with courts. We did not get these courts since they t established ChauVinism. KOCd issue is a good example for
The important point to rulers oppressed Tamil peo granted by the constitution. increased due powers ( Constitution. Planned Sinha destroy land coordination of
18

eness of the Communities. cy of Communities into tain pluralism in decision
d over even the protective which were numerically less lemocratic system. For this voting is followed. Double as arise affecting minority otal voting strength of the Conduct a vote for the :ular Community as Well.
on powers to object these rs who were under political protection to those affected
sons we get from prems. After the independence on was vested with powers E sufficient protection from OO Were machineries of eSWaran Case On language this.
be noted here is that the ple by utilizing the powers Oppression against Tamils - given for the Soulbury la Colonies Were Created to Tamil areas and to reduСе

Page 24
ethnic ratio of Tamil distri in the National flag was ig made the only Offi standardization was intro system. cally They have also a measures as well to op constitutional provisions, Tamil poeople. 1956 Sinha Language Act of Tamil La the Constitution are good
Sinhala Only Act wa of the Soulbury Constitut come to practice sufficie also communal oriented i
The Republic Con Soulbury Constitution als nominal protection measu the advantage of the rigid State to further their dis Republic Constitution intr for this purpose totally. Its that the National State Co number representatives V body of state hierarch Republican Constitution i more aware of reiterati Presidential system and system have helped to de at least to a small extent.

cts fraudulently. Tamils' place nored. Sinhala language was cial Language. Medium duced in the Higher Education
dopted ultra constitutional press Tamils. They ignored
which gave protection to the ala only Act and 1978 Official anguage, 16th Amendment to
examples for this. s drafted violating section 29 ion. 16th Amendment did not ntly. State machineries were n implementing these laws. estitutions followed by the so omitted these namesake ures too. In addition they took dity of unitary structure of the scriminatory activities. First -oduced in 1972 was utilized s obvious from the statement puncil elected on the basis of vas considered as ‘supreme y.' Although the Second ntroduced in 1978 had been ng a unitary structure, the I the Proportional electoral evelop pluralism a the centre
19

Page 25
Now I am returning t
Tamil representative equal representative sys avoid disruption of repres Manning political reforms. for 2/3 representations moment they demande Western province, as pled National Congress. Butth on their pledge. This is the suffered a set back by viol political leader from Jame is exempted of this bla Vijeweera admitted self-de people in 1982 presidenti not ready even for a small (
Sir POn Arunachalam this pledge Was made, Wa He left the Ceylon Nation organization called "Tami Tamil communal politicsh of this organization. Histc Served for the Social revol to Ceylon National Congr move towards Communal
The Manning- De intrOduCed in 1924 t( considerable improvemer Devonshire political refor

Second the stage again.
s requested to that earlier em be retained in Order to entative equality created by They put forward a demand of the Singhalese. At this d representation of in the ged when forming the Ceylon e Sinhala leadership reneged first time that the Tamil side ation of a pledge. No Sinhala s Peiris to Rohana Vijeveera me. JVP Leader Rohana termination rights of the Tamil al election. But today JVP is degree of devolution of power.
l, Who Was the mediator When saffected by this turn around. al Congress and formed the lar Mahajana Sabai" in 1921. ad been started with inception ry forced a great leader who ution of Sri Lanka and elected ess as the first leader of it, to
politics.
tonshire political reforms o had not provided any on this matter. The Manningns completed its duty only by
20

Page 26
giving a representation to Tar The Donoughmore Constitui the third step of unitary deve gave Sri Lankans limited ru of rule had been given to created by numeral dem transferred to the majo communities were sidelinec system further strengthene Cabinet as a absolute Sinha at top level.
At this juncture, ti Ponnambalam and all Ceyl came to forefront. The fifty-fift by the Ceylon Tamil Congres
So this phase of Tamil po equal power sharing at Constitution introduced in 19 to Sinhala people to rule the i structure was given a com majority community acquired hand. Other communities were structure.
When the power hieraro this level Tamil politics also They realized that the central not work further. Since this i jumped to the next stage.
21

nils in the western province. on introduced in 1931 was Popment. This Constitution ing powers. As the power the institutions that were ocracy it automatically rity community. Other a by this act. The unitary d. The formation of 1936 ala Cabinet witnessed this
he leadership ofG.G. on Tamil Congress party y demand was put forward Ss at centre level olitics had been demanding centre. The Soulbury 347 gave complete power sland. However, this State iplete unitary face. The the full power of rule in its e thrown out from the State
hy centres were raised to elevated to counter level. evel equal demand would vas the fact Tamil politics

Page 27
Third Stage 1949 - 1
This phase of Tamil po federal model, which includ powers of that homeland. political movement of this s was the leader who took f stage the ethnic politics ca national politics. Tamil politi to Jaffna peninsula and Cold northeast. Tamil political app sending petitions and particip evolved as approaches of p the public. Tamil nation de caste and regional differenc public such as 1956 Galle Trincomalee March and Sathyagraha struggles were
On the other h: Chelvanayakam pact - (195 (1965) were signed under pl that these pacts would bring the State structure. But s prepared for a plurality and t pieces. Another pact was sh
The failure of the pac struggles brutally led the confidence in searching a s unitary State structure. The Ealam struggle, which com|

968 olitic was the demand for a les a Tamil homeland and The federal party was the tage and ‘Thandai' Chelva brward this stage. At this me to be known as Tamil cs, which was limited only ombo, has expanded to the roaches such as demands, sating in Legislative debates olitical struggle linked with veloped beyond religious, ces. Struggles of the Tamil : face Sathyagraha, 1957 | 1961 Northeast wide e continued. and Bandaranaike - 7), Dudley - Chelva pact ressure as it was expected
a pluralistic mobilization to -outhern politics was not he Pact was scratched into nelved. ts and the suppression of e Tamil people to loose solution within Sri Lanka's ey begin to initiate a Tamil pletely sidelines Sri Lanka

Page 28
State structure, From this taken a long stride to fourth
Fourth Stage – Afte
Oince the fourth stag catching the power, its appr an all-round political struggle politics. The First Republic in 1972 precipitated this s completely alienated the T: the Soulbury Constitutior protection to the Tamils, secondary protection provis powers, right to complaint were also deleted from the make more rigid of unitary become further pro racist Sinhala community was give the Buddhism was made th country. Thus it was reveal outside these identities we structure of State.
1972 Constitution ha confidence of the Tamil pe Therefore struggle of Ta strengthen.
Second Republican C attempts to thwart this rising was in forefront in spoiling Prevention of Terrorism Act
| 21

initiative Tamil politics has
stage. r 1968 e was entirely targeted at pach of fight was also led to e abandoning parliamentary an Constitution introduced struggle. This Constitution amil people. Section 29 of n, which gave a nominal
was dropped and some ions such as law redefining to the British Ombudsman Constitution. Meanwhile to system of structure it was one. The racist identity of en constitutional status and he foremost religion of the ed that those communities !re not recognized by the
s caused to weaken the ople over Sri Lankan govt. mil Ealam continued to
onstitution of 1978 made struggle. Sixth Amendment his. In addition to this the helped to impose a joint

Page 29
punishment to the Tamil pluralistic change was furth Acts. For such a pluralistic needs a two-thirds majority
On the other hand arm liberation Tigers was ruthles struggle, the politics of Tami surpassing national, and r period as a solution to the pr Councils and, Provincial C they were not sufficient to people.
District Development joint rights of Tamil peop Provincial councils did no affected people and withou aimed at interests of the Ind
Since the Tamil politic international level and due 1 a ceasefire agreement wa foundation to peace proce transform unitary structu pluralism. While these acti challenges also surfaced.
To study this process it gradual steps of the peace
maiseenombre
2

people. And provisions to er tightened by amendment = change it is argued that it
and a Referendum. med struggle initiated by the ssly executed. Through that I reached international level regional levels. During this oblem District Development ouncils were proposed but neet aspirations of the Tamil
Councils had rejected the ele called political status. t take care of interests of at getting their support only lo-Sri Lanka governments s was taken forward to the Eo an international pressure
s put in place. This laid a ess. Efforts were begun to ure of the state towards vities came into existence
E is essential to look into the
efforts
naseo Siesino
A

Page 30
Peace processes ar restoring places of disast possible war. To achieve level three stages are foll laying foundation for peace finding a permanent solutio
At the first stage of foundation for peace, cease recognizing true strength of
In fact a continual failur community to interfere in o situation interests of inter affected.
When international internal problem, althoug internationally dominated fa be initiated in terms of inte
International communi liberation struggles such stages. However it involve liberation reach a strong government. Thus it crea faction to participate reaso the government. So that it parties in a cease-fire recog the party that fought also ge internationally. Ceasefir.

III
III T and of inemeinua Fe aimed at stopping war, er and preventing a future these gaols at international owed, namely a ceasefire, e, creating a normal life and on.
stopping war and laying e-fire is signed accepting and Fboth parties involved in war. -e in war has led international pur problem. Due to the war national community is also
community interfere in an h it maintains internets of ctors the peace efforts would rnationally accepted norms: ty does not interfere in ethnic as Sri Lanka's at its initial s when the party fought for y position able to form a tes an opportunity fighting onably in the reasonably in
gives equal status to both jnizing their strengths. Thus :ts a half-government status e conditions are created
25

Page 31
recognizing both parties' Concluded by Stopping Conditions, Creating mach Conditions and expressing third stages nominally.
At the second stage pla out restoration activities in W that fought for liberation Wol destruction. By restoring thos Would cultivate faith in pe activities will be entrusted to people recognized by the approach makes it possibl themselves temporarily. administration set up.
Therefore the main taS set up an interim adminis reconstruct their ruins of Wa
At the third stage acti permanent solution. Throu Created for the party foug devolved power constitution takes place within the fram structure is recommende Government's devolution o basis of the nature of the Cor party that led the struggle.
We cannot deny that til forces WOuld be Concernec interests through this proce 2.

strengths. First stage is War, Creating ceasefire ineries to monitor these agreement for second and
ans are formulated to Carry lar Waged areas. The party uld have experienced more e areas to normalcy, people eace. The reconstruction the representatives of those
Liberation fighters. This e for those people to rule This is called an interim
k of the Second stage is to tration for the victims to
. -
On Will be taken to find a igh this an opportunity is ht for liberation to enjoy ally. If devolution of power ework of one state, federal d as ideal. The Federal f power is decided on the nflict and the strength of the
he internationally dominant - about safeguarding their SS of devolution.
ܐ
O

Page 32
As for Sri Lanka's pei completed. Beginning
memorandum of under concluded by accepting a
Moving towards the sı one. Liberation Tigers has interim self-governance au
moving towards the seco community has accepted negotiations. But all peace since the southern politics As we are not in a position to we face difficulties in main first stage. International cc task amid severe difficulties of the international commur have been disturbed today
Tamils are the total vi Because peace efforts did life. They could not return They are still prevented fro Kovils.
This situation was crea all the above as political pro issues. We cannot accept th issues should not be resolv is solved.
Therefore, at this situa the third stage of entering to

ace process the first stage is from a ceasefire, via a standing first stage was Federal structure in Oslo. econd stage is a challenging
submitted a proposal for an uthority with the intension of nd stage. The International this proposal as a basis for e efforts are now in question
is not ready for conditions. o move toward second stage, taining achievements of the ommunity is carrying out this . If we don't have the support nity all peace activities would
ctims of this second stage. not bring normalcy in their to their homes and lands. ɔm going to seas and their
ated as a result of looking at oblems not as humanitarian he opinion that humanitarian ed until the political problem
ition we cannot even image wards a permanent solution.
1

Page 33
ale In fact the challenge t second stage ahead. In environment to establish Peace- lovers should find v major challenge and sub cl challenge.
unovodou
The major challenge politics. To understand this p we must understand socia community and the Sri Lank on this Sinhala community.
Sinhala community is Buddhist concepts. The cen is that this country belongs O Accordingly, the ruling bod Sinhala Buddhist people. Ot| live in this country but they structure of administration
Politicians did not buil achieve their electoral, polit established through historic faiths. Traditionally histori
written on the basis of these. which was written by the si body of the Buddhism. E authors, Sinhala journalis Doctors are considered to

oday we face is taking the short how to create an an interim administration. vays and means to identify hallenges to overcome this
IV to peace is the southern olitical structure very clearly Il formation of the Sinhala an state structure that stand
built on the basis of Sinhala ntral point of these concepts nly to the Sinhala Buddhists. ly of Sri Lanka is only the her communities can merely can't participate in the state
d these concepts merely to cical needs. But these were al perceptions and religious cal books too have been
Sri lanka had a long history, ponsorship of the supreme - Buddhist monks, Sinhala ts and Sinhala Ayurweda o give protection to these

Page 34
concepts among the peoj politicians do is sit over the
But on the other he pressure created by this ci - an open economic systen opt for a peace agenda. TI politicians. If they want to se opt for peace activity. If they existence they should go a the politicians are amid this the victims of Sinhala Buda a position to handle the pea focus their attention on wea
In brief, Sinhala politic their political existence. The are not exempted from this. in degrees. As apparent a attention on creating an int against the Tigers. The UP crafting a crack in the east This short-cut agenda w initiatives
Actually the two major should be to divert the Sinha initiatives. For this purpo concept of pluralism inst supreme image that is deep Through this process they co Buddhist from that concepts

ble. The only thing Sinhala ese concepts. und war and international onflict and the necessity for
have forced politicians to his crates a dilemma for the ecure their powers they must
want to protect their political gainst peace agenda. Since
dilemma and they are being Ihist concept they are not in ce efforts sincerely. But they akening the opposition. cians utilize chauvinism for e two major political parties There might be differences ct of this, UNE focused its ernational security network 'FA focused its attention in
· by weakening the Tigers. ill never help the peace
political parties' major task la people in favour of peace se they should establish ead of Sinhala Buddhist y rooted in Sinhala people. ulą have saved the Sinhala

Page 35
o We could have achie initiated peace campaign institutionally. And we co
following those steps.
But both political partie with concepts of the Bu completed the first stag surpassing this juncture. TI bypass is the big defeat, wh election. The UNE has no shock. Although the UPFA efforts, the Govt is in a dilem power for its existence. It further blocks to this as wel
Above are the current politics.
The foremost task of Sinhala politicians from this
In the first instance for a stable government at the Govt by bringing about a c major Sinhala parties into. I bring pressure upon the two However there are fears a upcountry people over a con The fears would be that thes them. So it is the duty of assure without evolving the put off all elections for a
دیا

ved some victories, if we 1 among Sinhala people uld have gone further by
s were not ready to confront iddhism. However, UNE je of peace process by he price UNF paid for their lich they suffered, in the last ət yet redeemed from that
would go ahead with peace ima not being able to secure s coalition party JVP puts
t situations of the southern
peace lovers is to take out s vicious situation. - this action there should be centre. We can form a stable onsensus between the two nternational community can - parties to achieve this end. among Tamil, Sinhala and sensus of these two parties. se two parties might oppress international community to se fears. I think it is better to considerable period for the

Page 36
purpose of this agreement. Create difficulties for bc
COS6SUS.
After this Consensus peace Campaigns am institutionally. That is to say Sinhala people from unitar
On the other hand We society as well in this matte should try to take forward peoples' movement among
I think at this juncture, Tamil side too, especially th Ealam, which is the leadil people. They should also e Sinhala people infavour of p on the side of Tamil pol justifications of Tamil politics should tell them that the libe people would never be ath They should take this as a Should build links With Sin society to do this task. Organisations can play a bi links. Their Constructive ties peace initiatives. In fact this help eradicate misunderst each Community.

Elections and politics would )th parties to reach at a
both parties should initiate ong Sinhala mind-set they should try to transform y concept to pluralism.
e must involve Sinhala Civil ir. Through this process we the peace movement as a
the Sinhalese people.
responsibility falls upon the he liberation Tigers of Tamil ng movement of the Tamil -ngage in activities to divert peace. This is essential even itics. They should clarify to the Sinhala people. They 2ration struggle of the Tamil reat to the Sinhala people. part of Tamil politics. They hala intellectuals and Civil The non-governmental g role in establishing these Would play a major role in type of mutual links Would andings and doubts about
g

Page 37
As for Sinhala people, Sinhala people living in villag are aware of political justit Because, Tigers media are villages.
Therefore Tigers shoul the just political demands of language. Tigers should init own media apart from state
At this situation neithe people should think the ent enemies of Peace. There a community who accept politi people.
We should take into co while handling the major ch the truce agreement in plac maintain this truce entire s former point.
The main reason, which power balance between the balance should be maintaine should not attempt to disrup the intelligence unit of the G
should stop this immediately
No one can undermin balance in the east, wh atmosphere. Besides the war

especially grass root level es, we cannot say that they ications of Tamil people, not extended to Sinhala
d come forward to present he Tamil people in Sinhala ate this task through their and private media. r the Tigers nor the Tamil ire Sinhala community as re people among Sinhala cal justification of the Tamil
onsideration another issue hallenges. It is to maintain e continually. If we cannot situation will return to the
a helps protect the truce, is e two parties. This power ed continually. Both parties ot that. The war started by pvt is not acceptable. Govt
e the threat to the power ich has created a war of intelligence unit, Sinhala

Page 38
settlements carried out i considered as a threat the
There are reports th. type were carried out in Tri be stopped immediately.
We cannot ignore the from the major one. The m is the stance of the Muslim initiatives. This is entire pluralism in the northeas which are in the region, s power among them reasor responsibility on this rega bigger in numbers. They create understanding with
This task would be a difficult to initiate this proc on one side a unified Liber: other hand rival Muslim traditional elections. But hi this task. The Memorandu between the leader of S
Mr.Rauf Hakeem and the L of Tamil Ealam Mr. Veluppi foundation for this process
In addition to this, Ta to give due place to the Si Northeast when we transfo pluralism.

n the peacetime should be = power balance. at several settlements if this ncomalee district those must
- secondary challenges apart ajor challenge 'among them a faction regarding the peace ly linked to bringing about t region. The communities, hould be prepared to share nably. Tamil faction has a big ard, as it is the community should kick start efforts to the Muslims. little difficult in practice. It is :ess because here we have ation Movement while on the political parties, which face story has forced us to initiate im of Understanding signed ri Lanka Muslim Congress eader of the Liberation Tigers llai Prabhakaran would be a
mil side should not hesitate nhala people who live in the rm the Northeast region into
33

Page 39
India is considered a: challenge. I believe that if v challenges it wont be difficult India. We can over come t collective guarantee from security and its oneness. In one-sided self-interests in prepared to assure mutua community can pressure Ind
Finally, I have presented to the best of my ability. Since
my views in favour of victims contrary to these ideas. Son biased speech. I think that is
Views on peace should side and Muslim side too. Int should present its comments
If such diverse opinion ascertain the truth about pea would be more helpful to 1 opportunities to reflect plura be I have taken a long tin excuse me for that. I since Yathindra and Kamalakanda Development & Research fc to address you.
34

; the second secondary e find solutions for those to face the challenge from his challenge by giving a
Sri Lanka to the Indian lia should also give up its this matter. It should be | interests. International ia for this purpose.
in my speech few opinions el have presented most of 3, there might be opinions ne may think that this is a ; inevitable. be presented from Sinhala ernational community also s on this regard. s were presented we can ce. These 'common truths' ind solutions. It will give ism in the solutions. ne for my speech. Please rely thank my friends Mr.
and the Institute of Social r giving me an opportunity

Page 40
was not in a positior you due to my physical However, I came here bec my friends' request.
once again thank all my speech attentively for
Thank you very much

to COme here and address Condition and Workload. ause of my inability to reject
of you for giving your ear to
a Wong time.
.
35

Page 41
Research Center for I
Introduction
The present period is one conflicts ,misconception, lea the different nationalities inh nationalitiy functions under o so prospects of forging unity a
diminished.
The political forces are unite all people on a nationa has penetrated the civil so intellectual landscape, each of a sort of racial identity.
Such a scenario paves th of the legitimacy of the pe oppressed nationalities. This of a given nationality are not the other nationalities.
For instance, the legitim the Tamils are not properly pr polity , and so are political ɛ among the Tamil polity.
Hence it is all the mo aspiration s of every nation

nter-Racial Peace it 1om, eitilsnotantolio od Dis gied sin egale morte of intensified inter-racial ling to the polarization of ibitating Sri Lanka. Each ɔnditions of isolation, and re becomimg ncreasingly
fast losing their ability to il basis, This phenomenon ciety,the media and the which now vows maintain
me way for the setting aside olitical aspiration of the
is because the aspirations properly expounded among
Late political aspirations of esented among the Sinhala spirations of the Muslims
e imperative tha the just ality, particularly those of

Page 42
the oppressed nationalitie the other nationalities mc when steps are being tal national question with th community. The final sc be such that would ado nationalities. Hence the
this task.
This is possible or intellectual endeavour
The RECIPEWill Str cary out the se tasks.
 

s, should be discussed among reso, at a time like the present ken to find a solution to the e support of the international lution to be arrived at should tress concerns of all of the necessity for, and urgency of
nly through an all inclusive
ive to the best of its ability to
37

Page 43
(1). Objetives
no L Main objective To generate inter-racial peace of the legitimate political as nationalities.
1. To
2
adilo LOther objective
To take forward the legit the oppressed nationalitie nationalities. To identiy the root cause and to find ways and me To create a positive mind nationalities to accept the oppressed nationalities. To offer a conceptual / pi acceptance of the princip To use the benefit of inter resolution. To seek ways and means
part of India. 7. To seek ways and means
on the part of global fore
4.
(2). Strategic Tasks
LTo conducts Stud 1. To introduce conceptual e
conflicts.

istnobiot. s bit of basalimsT
Yonood.oi through sustained discussion virations of the oppressed
mate political aspirations of es among the other
of the inter-racial conflicts ans of resolving them. Iset among the other è legitimate aspirations of the
ractical orientation towards le of equality. national experience in conflict
to overcome interferences on
to overcome the interference es. Es troo es.
orije BoIS. mileyMA
BOTS BT di adtong limTA 2.0 y Circles. Os list uestions on resolution of racial

Page 44
2. To identify the legitim
Tamils and to find a w 3. To seek to remove mi:
the Sinhala polity, on To seek to romove the polity concerning thel the Muslims.
To recognise the legiti upcountry Tamils and resolving them.
II. To bring out pul
for the edificati
1. To explain the legitim
'oppressed nationalitie 2. To record speeches an
olitan II. Conducting of S
1. A Sinhala area
A Muslim area 3. A Tamil area 4. An Upcountry Tamil a 5. .
A Muslim area other tl
Tamil area 6.
A Tamil area other the
Tamil area Isonto notaios no daoiteau

ate political aspirations of the Fay out. sconceptions prevailing among Tamil national politics.
misconceptions among the Tamil egitimate political aspirations of
mate political aspirations of the to seek ways and means of
plications in Sinhala language Ton of all concerned people.
cate political aspirations of
d discussions at the study circle.
Seminars and Training Camps.
ciuloan гвэлт bга гувуу зогсTд
nibrillo sg ansom ons aspea o rea hen the North East or Upcountry
n the North East or Upcountry
plбила огроо эouботи о
atoilimo | 39

Page 45
A Sinhala area with man
A Tamil area with many
A Muslim area with man A Tamil area other then a area with many of contra A Muslim area other thau Muslim area with many
Vanni District Ampara District Trincomalee District (Mu Jaffna District Nuwara-Eliya District Hambantota District Udappu - Mundal Divisi

undsituation.
y contradictions contradictions ly contradictions North-East, Upcountry Tamil dictions. in a North-East, Upcountry contradictions
multi-ethnic willeges
utur Division)
on - in Puttalam District

Page 46
Advisors.
USD. DER
poltaibh President Oibron
Vice President and
Joint Secretaries
Treasurer
Incharge of Publication
Incharge of Study Circle
Incharge of Women's Group
commitie members
Translator

: Prof. K.Sivathamby
Dr. Vickramabahu Karunarathne Prof. S.Santhirasekaran
: Mr. Ranath Kumarasinge
Mr. Nadarasa. Kandeepan Mr. Manjula Vedivardana Mr. V.Thirunavukkarasu
: Mr. S.A.Jothilingam
Mr. Nadarasa Janagan
: Mr. Arogiyanathar Theepan
Mr. Thambirasa Nadarasa
: Mr. P.M.Mujeebur Rahman
Mr. Thanapalan Yoganathan
Mrs. Antronitra Shirani
Mr. V.Puvitharan Mr. Sandana Jayathissa Mr. Ranjith Gamage Mr. Jayatheva Mr. Thaslim Mr. Poominathan Mr. Ethambu
Mr. S.Maniam
| 41

Page 47


Page 48
S. A. Jothilingam was born Saina.
He is an Honours Gradual University. He also holds a Kamarajar University. Fur International Affairs from Graduate Diploma from the Presently he is a Law Stu College.
Earlier, as an Assistant Edit several research articles. articles to Virakesari, T Engalthesam and Vidivu. reaserch - oriented disc Rupavahini, TRT TV, Thee and London IBC.
He has published books o Ethinic Politics of Sri Lan - Question of Sri Lanka and 1
He was a visiting Lecturer at period. Presently, he is on 1 Shephered's Convent.
 

n in the village of Kuppilan in
te in Political Science, Jaffna. Master's Degree from Madurai ther, he obtained a Diploma in the BCIS as well as a PostNational Institute of Education. ident of of the Colombo Law
or of "Sarinigar", he has written He has also written analytical hinakural, Thisai, Athavan,
He has also participated in ussions on Sakthi TV, ITN, spam TV. Sooriyan FM, SLBC
in Constitutions of Sri Lanka, ka, Party System, the National proposals for its solution.
Colombo University for a short the Staff of the Kotahena Good