Page 8
Kw;Nghf;F rpe;jidAs;stHfs; jq;fs; xd;Wgl;l Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; jkpoH xd;wpak; vDk; ngahpy; fl;rp murpay; my;yJ ,af;f murpaNyh rhuhj xU mikg;ig cUthf;fpdhHfs;.
jkpoH xd;wpaj;jpd; Kjy; $l;lk; 94 A+d; 17 md;W Bærum Commune Gården,y; eilngw;wJ. ,f;$l;lj;jpy; 27 NgH tiu fye;Jnfhz;ldH. ,f;$l;lj;jpy; jkpoH xd;wpaj;jpd; jiytuhf f.tp];Zrpq;fKk; nrayh- suhf f.jNte;jpuDk;> cg nrayhsuhf MH.fNz];> cgjiytuhf v];.fe;jkzp> nghUshuhf v];.G];Nge;jpuh mtHf- NshL ffiyr;nrayhsuhf gP.uFzhTk;> cg fiyr;nrayhsuhf jq;fNty;> tpisahl;Lr; nrayhsuhf Re;juypq;fk; kw;Wk; cg tpisahl;Lr; nrayhuhf vk;.gh];fuDk; njhpT nra;ag;gl;L KjyhtJ epHthfrig mikf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpoH xd;wpak; nraw;glj; njhlq;fpaJ. Muk;gj;jpy; thuk;NjhWk; Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; khiy Neuq;fspy; Bærum thOk; midj;J jkpoHfSk; xd;W NrHe;J gy;NtW tifahd tpisahl;Lf;fs; fye;Jiuahly;fs; kw;Wk; midtUk; NrHe;J czT ghpkhwp cz;L kfpo;e;jdH. jq;fs; rpWtHfs; xd;W NrHtjd; %yk; jkpiog; NgRtjw;F xU nghJ ,lkhf mikaNtz;Lk; vd;gjpYk; mf;fiw fhl;bdhHfs;. ,jw;fhd nryTfis jhq;fNs rpW rpW njhifahf NrHj;J gzpfis nra;J te;jhHfs;.
,e;j xd;W$ly; %yk; jhq;fNs jq;fis tsg;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpdhHfs;.
8
ey;y ez;g xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpw fl;lq;fspy Ntiyr;Ri nraw;ghL epiyikfS vd;gJ cz
vt;thw As;s> gpuf;i xd;wpaj;ij epiyepWj; 1997Mk; M rpWtH njhi mtHfs; N njhlq;fpa njhlq;fpd nkhop gh ,q;Fs;s j mNj Nti gw;wpAk;> rh toq;fj;jhd vOe;jJ. m Fog;gq;fN %yk; gps Rik $b t mtHfspd MSikf;F NghfpwNjh nfhz;bU KjyhtJ j KjyhtJ j KjyhtJ j KjyhtJ j KjyhtJ j jiyKiwf jiyKiwf jiyKiwf jiyKiwf jiyKiwf Tf;F "jkpo Tf;F "jkpo Tf;F "jkpo Tf;F "jkpo Tf;F "jkpo Njit Njit Njit Njit Njit v Re;juypq;fk mtUld; M xd;wpaj;J f.jNte;jpuD mf;fiw tpisthf xj;Jiog;G
;stHfs; JthdJk; hz;ltHf- fspd; fPo; ;> jq;fs; wNtw;wpf; pak; vDk; ;yJ ,af;f ikg;ig
; $l;lk; 94 ommune ;$l;lj;jpy; hz;ldH. ;wpaj;jpd; ; nrayh- rayhsuhf ;.fe;jkzp> h mtHf- P.uFzhTk;> q;fNty;> e;juypq;fk; nrayhuhf a;ag;gl;L f;fg;gl;lJ. raw;glj; huk;NjhWk; Neuq;fspy; kpoHfSk; tifahd ahly;fs; ;J czT H. jq;fs; d; %yk; J ,lkhf ; mf;fiw ryTfis hf NrHj;J
; jhq;fNs ;fpdhHfs;.
ey;y ez;gHfs; ey;y fUj;Jf;fs; %yk; xt;nthUtUk; gaDs;s xU rKjhaj;jpw;F mbj;jsk; ,l;lhHfs;. rpy fl;lq;fspy; gy;NtW rypg;Gj;jd;ikfs;> Ntiyr;Rik> Neukpd;ik fhuzkhf nraw;ghLfs; ];jk;gpjkile;j epiyikfSk; $l Vw;gl;lnjd;gJ vd;gJ cz;ik.
vt;thwpUg;gpDk; rfpg;Gj;jd;ik- As;s> gpuf;iQepiwe;j rpyH xd;wpaj;ij xd;wpaj;ij gy rpukq;fSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; epiyepWj;jpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs;. 1997Mk; Mz;by; Bærum ,y; jkpo;r; rpWtH njhif mjpfhpf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. mtHfs; Norsk ,y; kl;LNk Ngrj; njhlq;fpaij milahsk; fhzj; njhlq;fpdhHfs;. mtHfSf;fhd jkpo; nkhop ghpr;rak; gw;wpa Njitia ,q;Fs;s jkpoHfs; czuj; njhlq;fpdH. mNj Ntis jkpopd; vOj;Jtbtk; gw;wpAk;> rhpahd Ngr;Rg; gof;fj;ijAk; toq;fj;jhd; Ntz;Lkh vd;w Nfs;tpAk; vOe;jJ. mtHfspd; vjpHfhyk; gw;wpa Fog;gq;fNshLk; mt;thW fw;gpg;gjd; %yk; gps;sifSf;F taJf;FkPwpa Rik $b tpLNkh vd;fpw thjq;fSk;> mtHfspd; NehHNt[pa nkhop MSikf;F FWf;fPlhf ,J mikag; NghfpwNjh vd;fpw Fog;gq;fSk; epytpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e; epiyikapy; KjyhtJ jiyKiwf;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ KjyhtJ jiyKiwf;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ KjyhtJ jiyKiwf;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ KjyhtJ jiyKiwf;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ KjyhtJ jiyKiwf;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ jiyKiwf;Fkpilapyhd gz;ghl;Lw- jiyKiwf;Fkpilapyhd gz;ghl;Lw- jiyKiwf;Fkpilapyhd gz;ghl;Lw- jiyKiwf;Fkpilapyhd gz;ghl;Lw- jiyKiwf;Fkpilapyhd gz;ghl;Lw- Tf;F "jkpo; nkhop" xU jtpHf;f Kbahj Tf;F "jkpo; nkhop" xU jtpHf;f Kbahj Tf;F "jkpo; nkhop" xU jtpHf;f Kbahj Tf;F "jkpo; nkhop" xU jtpHf;f Kbahj Tf;F "jkpo; nkhop" xU jtpHf;f Kbahj Njit Njit Njit Njit Njit vd;gij mg;NghJ f. Re;juypq;fk; typAWj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mtUld; Muk;g fhye;njhl;Nl jkpoH xd;wpaj;Jld; NrHe;J ,aq;fpa f.jNte;jpuDk; ,J tplaj;jpy; mjpf mf;fiw nrYj;jpdhHfs;. mjd; tpisthf Bærum jkpoHfs; gyuJ xj;Jiog;Gld; "jkpo; mwpthyak;"
giw-2001 et
Page 9
gs;spf;$lk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
fle;j 5 Mz;L fhykhf gs;spf;$lk; ntw;wpfukhf ,aq;fp tUfpwJ. ngw;NwhHfs; njhz;lHfshf ,ize;J gs;spf;$l epHthfnkhd;- iwAk; mikj;J MrphpaHfshfTk; jq;fspd; gq;fspg;ig toq;fp tUfpwhHfs;. Foe;ijfSf;fhd
tpisahl Nghl;bfs ntF[d tUfpd;wd ,e;j n ,g;NghJ f rQ;rpifna
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
vd
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
kPz
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
xUehs
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
vdf;Fj; njhpAk;
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
vd; kz;zpy; 123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
tre;jk; xUehs;
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
kyUnkd;W!
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
,og;GfisAk; xU ehs;
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
,og;Nghk; vd;W!
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
md;W
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
mope;j tPnay;yhk; 123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
Njhuzq;fs; fl;lg;gLk;...
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
vd; ,be;j tPl;il
vd
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
khkh GJg;gpj;Jj; jUthH.
123456789012345678901234567890121
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G+Q;n rbfspy;G+f;f s;
vd
123456789012345678901234567890121
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Gj;JapH ngWk;.
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
giw-2001 et
,og;G
. fhykhf f ,aq;fp ;lHfshf hfnkhd;- HfshfTk; toq;fp Sf;fhd
tpisahl;Ltpoh> fiy epfo;r;rpfs;> Nghl;bfs;> xd;W$ly; vd mjd; ntF[d nraw;ghLfs; ePbj;J tUfpd;wd.
,e;j ntw;wpapd; xU tbtkhf ,g;NghJ fiy> ,yf;fpa> r%f> murpay; rQ;rpifnahd;iwAk; ntspapLfpwJ.
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
vd; gioa rpNefpjHfs;
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
kPz;Lk; mwpKfkhthHfs;
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
,Us; kiwAk;...
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
vdf;Fj; njhpAk;
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
,og;GfisAk; 567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
xUehs; ,og;Nghk; vd;W...
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
vd; mk;kh
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
,og;G
567890123456789012123456789012345
tUths;... vd; khkh> khkp tUthHfs;...
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
s;
567890123456789012123456789012345
vd; jhj;jh tUthH...
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
vd; kr;rhd;
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
tUthd;...
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
k;...
Njrj;jpw;fha; capH ePj;jtHfs;
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
vd;w khtPuH gl;baypy;. 567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
hH.
567890123456789012123456789012345
vd; mg;ghTk; tUthH....
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
567890123456789012123456789012345
-ftpjh
567890123456789012123456789012345
99
Page 10
10
nghpahH
eh
vd;why;> "e file;njL Mfptpl;l "flTs; nra;af;$ mg;gbNa vd;gjhfpt mJ k flTisg;g mtH vg ,Uf;fpwhH ,Uf;fpwhH? mtH rf;jp vt mtuhy; Vw;gl;lJ vJ> ek;k mtUf;F tpl;Ltplyhk;? vJ mthpy;yhky; VjhtJ fhh nra;af; fUjyhkh?" vd E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd tp\aq;f njspthfj; njhpe;J nfh ek;gpf;iff;fhuHfspy; ,y;i ,y;iy vd;W rthy;tpl;Lf
ehd; ,ij 60-70 Mz mwptpy; Muha;r;rp mD cWjpapdhy; $WfpNwd;. , tp\ak; njhpahJ vd;W njhpe;Jnfhz;bUg;gJ kdg;ghd;ik nfhz;lJk ,t;tp\aj;jpy; mwpT Ngha;tpl;lJ.
NjhoHfNs! ehd; ek;gpf;iff;fhud; xUtd ghLgLfpNwd;" vd;why; cz;ikNah ,Uf;f KbAk rhjp te;jJ? kj ek;gpf;iff xopf;fg; ghLgLfpNwd;" kjkpy;yhky; vg;gb rhjp te xUtd; "ehd; rhjpia x nrhy;y KbAkh? rh];jpuk; ,
eh
d; vd;d nrhy;YfpNwd;
vd;why;> "ek; flTs; ek;gpf;if vd;gNj file;njLj;j Kl;lhspd; mwpFwp"ahf Mfptpl;lJ. fhuzk; vd;dntd;why;> "flTs; vd;why; Muha;r;rpNa nra;af;$lhJ"> ek;gNtz;Lk;"> mg;gbNa xg;Gf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;" vd;gjhfptpl;lJ.
mJ khj;jpuky;y> mg;gbg;gl;l flTisg;gw;wp> "flTs; vd;why; vd;d? mtH vg;gb ,Ug;ghH? vjw;fhf ,Uf;fpwhH? Vd; ,Uf;fpwhH? vJKjy; Uf;fpwhH? mtH rf;jp vt;tsT? ek; rf;jp vt;tsT? tuhy; Vw;gl;lJ vJ> ek;khy; Vw;gl;lJ vJ? vJ vij tUf;F tpl;Ltplyhk;? vJ vJ ehk; nra;aNtz;baJ? thpy;yhky; VjhtJ fhhpak; elf;Fkh? vijahtJ ra;af; fUjyhkh?" vd;gJ Nghd;w (,g;gbg;gl;l) }w;Wf;fzf;fhd tp\aq;fspy; xU tp\aj;ijf;$l jspthfj; njhpe;J nfhz;ltd; vtDk; flTs; ;gpf;iff;fhuHfspy; ,y;iy. ,y;iy vd;why; mwNt y;iy vd;W rthy;tpl;Lf;$WNtd;.
ehd; ,ij 60-70 Mz;lhfr; rpe;jpj;J> rpe;jpj;J wptpy; Muha;r;rp mDgtj;jpy; fz;Lnfhz;l Wjpapdhy; $WfpNwd;. ,t;tp\aq;fspy; kf;fSf;F p\ak; njhpahJ vd;W nrhy;Ytjw;Fk; ,y;yhky; jhpe;Jnfhz;bUg;gJ Fog;gkhdJk;> ,ul;il dg;ghd;ik nfhz;lJkhf ,Ug;gjhy;> kdpjDf;F t;tp\aj;jpy; mwpT ngw ,\lkpy;yhky;
ha;tpl;lJ. NjhoHfNs! ehd; nrhy;YfpNwd;> flTs; ;gpf;iff;fhud; xUtd; "ehd; rhjpia xopf;fg; hLgLfpNwd;" vd;why; mjpy; mwpTilikNah> z;ikNah ,Uf;f KbAkh? flTs; ,y;yhky; vg;gb jp te;jJ? kj ek;gpf;iff;fhud; xUtd; " ehd; rhjpia opf;fg; ghLgLfpNwd;" vd;;W nrhy;y KbAkh? jkpy;yhky; vg;gb rhjp te;jJ? rh];jpu ek;gpf;iff;fhud; Utd; "ehd; rhjpia xopf;fg;ghLgLfpNwd;" vd;W hy;y KbAkh? rh];jpuk; ,y;yhky; vg;gb rhjp te;jJ?
giw-2001 et
Page 11
MfNt ,e;j rhjp xopg;Gf; fhhpaj;jpy; flTs;> kj> rh];jpu ek;gpf;iff;fhuHfs; ,Ue;jhy;> mtHfs; khpahijaha; ntspNawp tpLtJ ehzakhFk;. ,jdhNyjhd; "rhjp nfLjp> rhjp RlhJ" vd;W nrhy;yj;jhd; rpy "nghpatHfs;" Kd; te;jhHfNs xopa> mij xopf;fg; ghLgl ,d;Wtiu vtUk; Kd;tutpy;iy.
MfNt> NjhoHfNs! cq;fSf;F ehd; nrhy;YfpNwd;> tzf;fkhfr; nrhy;YfpNwd;. ePq;fs; rhjpia xopf;fg; gphpag;gl;BHfNsahdhy; ,e;j ,lj;jpNyNa rh];jpuj;ijAk; xopj;Jf;fl;Lq;fs;! xopj;Jtpl;Nlhk; vd;W rq;fehjk; nra;Aq;fs;! flTs;> kjk;> rh];jpuk; Mfpa %d;Wk; xope;j ,lj;jpy;jhd; rhjp kiwAk;> rhjp xopAk; kw;w ,lk; vg;gbg;gl;ljhdhYk; mq;F
ehjpaw;w ehq;fs;
ifjl;b rphpf;f ,q;nfhd;Wk; ,y;iy - vdpDk; if nfhLj;JjTq;fs; ,JNthH mdhijapd; fij ,JNthH mdhijapd; fij fhyq;fhykha;... NghuhLk; ,dnkhd;wpd; fz;z PH G];gq;fs; thpthpaha; vOjpaNthH Nrhff;fij! ,JNthH Nrhff;fij! mk;ikahH vikahz;L mdhijahf;fp murpay; jQ;rk; Gfitj;jhs; ntspehl;by; nrhe;jehNlh vkf;fpy;iy nrhe;j nkhopNah nry;yhJ nrhy;yNth ntl;fk;!
giw-2001 et
mk;ikahH te;j hd;X vikahl;r ahUf;ifa ngw;w jhA gpwe;j ng ,Uf;fNt te;Njhk; n fiyf;fpd fWg;g H vd ahUf;F n ahUf;F t ,og;gjw;F nty;t jw vd;Nwh xU ehs; f vk;ikna mdhijg me;ehs; v
rhjp rhfhJ
MfNt vd;gtHfs ehj;jpfk; v mDgtk; n ,j;njspT m (flTs;> kj Mifa ehj;jpfH v xd;Wjhd nrhy;ypf;n NjhoHfNs cUtr;rpd rh];jpu rk $lhJ> fz (12.08.196 eilngw;w nghpahH m gFjp - "t
w;w ehq;fs;
vdpDk;
ij ij
;
Q;rk;
hJ
xopg;Gf; rh];jpu ;> mtHfs; p tpLtJ hjp nfLjp> ;jhd; rpy Ns xopa> d;Wtiu
Sf;F ehd; f;fkhfr; a xopf;fg; ; ,e;j uj;ijAk; tpl;Nlhk; ;! flTs;> k; xope;j hjp xopAk; Yk; mq;F
mk;ikahH khz;lhH te;j hd;XH muf;f d; vikahl;rp nra;a ahUf;ifah nrhy;y ngw;w jhAkpy;iy gpwe;j nghd;dhLkpy;iy ,Uf;fNth ,lKkpy;iy te;Njhk; ntspehL fiyf;fpd;wdH fWg;gH vd;fpd;wdH ahUf;F nrhy;y ahUf;F tpsq;F k;vk;epiy ,og;gjw;F vJTkpy;iy nty;t jw;F rhjp xopaNtz;Lk; vd;gtHfs; Kjypy; ehj;jpfd; MFqfs;. ehj;jpfk; vd;gJ mwpT> Muha;r;rp> mDgtk; nfhz;L njsptiltJ jhd;. ,j;njspT mile;j ,lj;jpy; ,k;%d;Wk; (flTs;> kjk;> rh];jpuk;) jiyfhl;lhJ.
Mifahy;> ,g;gbg;gl;l ePq;fs; ehj;jpfH vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;lhYk; xd;Wjhd;> gFj;jwpTthjp vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;lhYk; xd;Wjhd;. NjhoHfNs! rhjp xopg;Gf;fhuHfs; tPl;by; cUtr;rpd;dq;fNsh> kjf; FwpNah> rh];jpu rk;gpujha elg;Ngh ,Uf;ff; $lhJ> fz;bg;gha; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.
(12.08.1963 md;W ghz;br;Nrhpapy; eilngw;w rhjp xopg;G khehl;by; je;ij nghpahH mtHfs; Mw;wpa ciuapy; xU gFjp - "tpLjiy" - 17.08.1962)
1111
Page 12
12
Nfhkjp
ngg;uthp ngg;uthp ngg;uthp ngg;uthp ngg;uthp
tUlKk; Rje;jpuk; ekf;F jpUg;gp Gidag;gLfpd;w x rpwpyq;fhtpy; elg;gJz midj;J kf;fSk; jq;fspd gwf;ftpLk;gb gzpf;f Njrpaf;nfhb gwf;ftplhj thHfs;. ehl;by; fLikah ehspy; mKYf;FtUk;. Vi gwpf;fg;gl;ltHfshf mi vd;fpw Nghpy; ,k;irg;gL mur jiytHfSk;> mjd ge;Njhg];JlDk; vr;rhpf;i mit jhd;. Rje;jpu Nfypf;FhpajhfTk;> Nt Rje;jpujpdk; ,e;jsT N gpd;dzpapd; tuyhw;Wg; gpd xd;whfpAk; tpLfpwJ. 50tJ ,yq;ifapy; elj;jg;g eifg;Gf;fplkhd tifapy ve;j Vfhjpgj;jpa fhyd mlf;fpitj;jpUe;jNjh. 50 murpd; ,sturuhd rhHs jpUtpoh elj;jg;gl;lJ jhd jkpo; kf;fisg; nghWj rPuopf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;> mfjpfshf> ifjpfshf> e tUfpd;wdH. xt;nthU epk gaj;jpy; tho;e;J tUfpd;wd tho;it mDgtpj;J tUf ,e;j mbik rhrdj fhydpj;Jtj;Jf;F Kd; jk epiyapy; fhydpj;Jtthj nfhz;L te;J gpd; tpl mjpfhuj;ij rpq;fs ngs NghdNj tuyhW. ,e;j t rpq;fs-ngsj;j-Mzhjpf;f fpilf;f> mtHfsy;yhj
ngg;uthp ngg;uthp ngg;uthp ngg;uthp ngg;uthp
4Mk; jpfjp xt;nthU
UlKk; Rje;jpuk; ekf;F fpilj;j ehnsd jpUg;gp Ug;gp Gidag;gLfpd;w xU kpfg; nghpa Fk;gNksh wpyq;fhtpy; elg;gJz;L. ,e;j ehsd;W ehl;by; idj;J kf;fSk; jq;fspd; tPLfspy; Njrpaf; nfhbia wf;ftpLk;gb gzpf;fg;gLthHfs;. mt;thW jrpaf;nfhb gwf;ftplhjtHfs; re;Njfj;jpw;Fs;sh- hHfs;. ehl;by; fLikahd ghJfhg;G tpjpfs; ,e;j spy; mKYf;FtUk;. Vida ehis tpl Rje;jpuk; pf;fg;gl;ltHfshf midj;J kf;fSk; ghJfhg;G d;fpw Nghpy; ,k;irg;gLj;jg;gLk; ehSk; mJ. Vd; ur jiytHfSk;> mjd; gphpthuq;fSk; $l mjpf ;Njhg];JlDk; vr;rhpf;ifAlDk; ,Uf;Fk; ehl;fSk; it jhd;. Rje;jpu jpdkhdJ ,e;jsT fypf;FhpajhfTk;> Ntbf;ifahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.. e;jpujpdk; ,e;jsT Ntbf;ifahfpg; Nghdjd; d;dzpapd; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;Gyk; gyuhy; kwf;fg;gLfpd;w d;whfpAk; tpLfpwJ. 50tJ Rje;jpug; nghd;tpoh 1998,y; yq;ifapy; elj;jg;gl;l tpjk; kpfg;nghpa fg;Gf;fplkhd tifapy; ,yq;ifapy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. e;j Vfhjpgj;jpa fhydpj;Jt muR rpwpyq;fhit lf;fpitj;jpUe;jNjh. 50 tUlq;fspd; gpd; mNj urpd; ,sturuhd rhHs;rpd; jiyikapy; ,e;jj; Utpoh elj;jg;gl;lJ jhd; NkYk; eifg;gpw;fplkhdJ. jkpo; kf;fisg; nghWj;jstpy; mtHfs; KOtJk; uopf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;> ,Ug;gJk; ,of;fg;gl;l> fjpfshf> ifjpfshf> ehNlhbfshf> fhyk; flj;jp Ufpd;wdH. xt;nthU epkplKk; kuz gaj;jpy; kNdh j;jpy; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdH. xl;L nkhj;jj;jpy; mbik ho;it mDgtpj;J tUfpd;whHfs;.
,e;j mbik rhrdj;Jf;F taJ 50. ,yq;if ydpj;Jtj;Jf;F Kd; jkpo;> rpq;fs muRfshf ,Ue;j iyapy; fhydpj;Jtthjpfs; xNu Ml;rpapd; fPo; fhz;L te;J gpd; tpl;Ltpl;Lg; NghFk; NghJ jpfhuj;ij rpq;fs ngsj;jHfsplk; toq;fp tpl;Lg; hdNj tuyhW. ,e;j tuyhWf;Fj; jhd; 50 taJ. q;fs-ngsj;j-Mzhjpf;f-Ruz;Lk; tHf;fj;jplk; Ml;rp pilf;f> mtHfsy;yhjtHfs;> mjpfhuj;Jf;F
giw-2001 et
Page 13
gypahf;fg;gl;L te;jjw;F jhd; 50 tUlq;fs;. ,e;j 50 Kiwapd; kPJ jhd; te;Js;sJ. nghd; tpoh vd;gJ ehshfj; jhd; jkpo; kf;fSf;F ,Ue;jJ. tl fpof;nfq;F 4 vd;gJ xU fhpehshfj; jhd; mDl;bf;fg;gl;L t mq;F fWg;Gf;nfhbfs; gwf;ftpl;L> rpq;fs ngsj;j m Njrpaf;nfhb (rpq;ff;nfhb) vhpf;fg; gl;L jkpo; fPjk; , mlf;FKiwapd; msT nfhQ;rKk; Fiwe;jjpy; Nkhrkhf;fg;gl;L te;J ,d;W jkpo; kf;fs; jq;fs; j Kaw;rpapy; mlf mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; 50tJ Rje;jpu tpoh nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. ahuhy; ahUf;F toq;fg;gl;l Rje;jpuk;? vtUf;F fpilj;jpUf;fpw Rje;jpuk;? epr;rakhf jkpo; kf;fSf;Nfh my;yJ ,q;F thOk; Vida rpwghd;ik ,df; FOkq;fSf;Nfh my;y.
mjpfhuk; ifkhw;wg;gl;l gpd; rpq;fs ngsj;j mjpfhu rf;jpfs;> nfhLf;Fk; jug;ghfTk; Vida jug;gpdH ifNae;jp jkJhpikf- isf; gpr;ir Nfl;Fk; jug;gpduhf- Tk; khwpaJ. njhlHr;rpahf ,uq;fpg; Ngha; NfhhpdH. j NghJ kl;Lk; (mjhtJ jkpo; jiyikfspdhy; mur epiyfspy; kl;Lk;) jkpo;j; jiyikfSld; Ngr Kw;gL xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;tJ> jq;fs; eyd;fs; Kbe;jJk ,it xd;Wk; tuyhw;wpy; xU Kiw Vw;gl;ljy;y. me tuyhW ePz;lJ. jkf;fhd chpikfs; rpq;fs ngsj;j mj fpilf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gJ ];J}ykhf ep&gpf;fg;gl jkJ tpLjiyiag; ngWtijj; jtpu NtW khw;W ,y nra;ag;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. rpq;fs mjpfhuj; jug;gpdh ve;j cj;juthjj;ijAk; re;Njfpf;f> kWf;f> vjpHf;f> tpl;bUf;fpwJ.
,e;j miu E}w;whz;L tuyhW vd;gJ rpq;fs n kf;fs; Vkhw;wg;gl;l tuyhW jhd;. mJ ,e;j m tUlq;fSf;Fs; kl;Lg;gl;ljy;y. Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Kw;gl whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpypUe;J- njhlf;fg;gl;lhfp tpl;lJ KjyhtJ ek;gpf;ifj; JNuhfk;
1915Mk; Mz;L ,df;fytuk; kw;Wk; md;iwa Mq
giw-2001 et
NrH.N[k;]; gPh
d; 50 tUlq;fs;. ,e;j 50 tUl fhyk; vd;gJ xLf;F J. nghd; tpoh vd;gJ me;j xLf;F Kiwapd; fhp ,Ue;jJ. tl fpof;nfq;Fk; ,J tiufhyk; ngg;uthp hd; mDl;bf;fg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j jpdj;jpy; ;ftpl;L> rpq;fs ngsj;j mlf;FKiwapd; rpd;dkhd hpf;fg; gl;L jkpo; fPjk; ,irf;fg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. fhQ;rKk; Fiwe;jjpy;iy khwhf ehSf;F ehs; jkpo; kf;fs; jq;fs; jiynaOj;ij jPHkhdpf;Fk; ;bUf;Fk; epiyapy;> mlf;F Kiwapd; cr;r fl;lj;ij
f;Fk; tpoh hUf;F Uf;F akhf ,q;F ,df;
gpd; ;jpfs;> ida ikf- uhf- uq;fpg; Ngha; NfhhpdH. jkJ re;jHg;gthj eyd;fspd; ; jiyikfspdhy; murpay; yhgk; fpilf;f f;$ba yikfSld; Ngr Kw;gLtJ thf;FWjpfs; toq;FtJ> q;fs; eyd;fs; Kbe;jJk; J}f;fp nawpe;J tpLtJ vd Kiw Vw;gl;ljy;y. me;j ek;gpf;ifj; JNuhfq;fspd; ikfs; rpq;fs ngsj;j mjpfhuj; jug;gpdhy; xUNghJk; ];J}ykhf ep&gpf;fg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. jkpo; kf;fs; jj; jtpu NtW khw;W ,y;iynad;gJ kPs kPs cWjp pq;fs mjpfhuj; jug;gpdhy; mLj;jLj;J toq;fg;gLk; jfpf;f> kWf;f> vjpHf;f> vr;rhpf;if nfhs;s itj;J
uyhW vd;gJ rpq;fs nghsj;j rf;jpfspdhy; jkpo; hW jhd;. mJ ,e;j mjpfhuk; ifkhwg;gl;l 50 y;y. Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhl;L me;j E}w;- njhlf;fg;gl;lhfp tpl;lJ. mjid ,q;F ghHg;Nghk;... ; JNuhfk;
uk; kw;Wk; md;iwa Mq;fpNya muR mwpKfg;gLj;j
NrH.N[k;]; gPhp]; NrH.nghd; mUzhryk;
1313
Page 14
tpise;j ,yq;iff;fhd Gjpa murpay; ahg;G vd;g jkpo; K];ypk; jiytHfs; xU ,af;fj;ij mikf;f Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;J te;j ,e;jpa ,yq;ifapYk; xU ,af;fj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhz Kaw;rpfis nra;ahj ,e;j mikg;G ntWk; rPHj ngWtjw;$lhf jdJ Nehf;fq;fisj; jzpj;Jf; nfhz Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhd xU ,af;fNk Njitg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,t;tikg;igj; njhlq;Ftjw;F K jkpo;j; jiytHfSk; xU xg;ge;jj;ij nra;J nfhz "jkpo; kf;fspd; tpfpjhrhuj;Jf;F Vw;g gpujpepjpj;Jtk itj;jpUe;jJ. mjd;gb KbAkhdtiu jkpo gpujpepjpj;JtKk;> Nky;khfhzj;jpy; xU jkpo; gpujpepj njhopw;gLtjhf 1918,y; ,yq;if Njrpa rq;fj;jpd; r ,yq;if rPHjpUj;j fofj;jpd; rhHgpy; <.N[.rkutpf;fpuk gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpa NrH.nghd;.mUzhryj;jplk;
1919Mk; jpfjpad;W , cUthf;fg;gl ,yq;ifapd; jiytHfs; vy rPHjpUj;j N nfhz;bUe;jh jiytuhf NrH
gz;lhuehaf;f je;ij nry;th
nra;ag;gl;lhH. Mdhy; k Kaw;rpfis Mq;fpNya muR Kad;W nfhz;bUe;jN Fiwf;fg;gLtij ,yq;if Njrpa fhq;fpu]pypUe;j j ,Ug;gijf; fz;l mUzhryk; Kuz;glj;njhlq;f epd;whH. rpq;fsj; jiytHfs; thf;FWjpia kPwpaijj mUzhryk; ,.Nj.fh.tpypUe;J ntspNawp jkpoH nfhz;lhH. ,jd; gpd;dH ,.Nj.fh. xU rpq;fs mikg;g ,e;j KjyhtJ KwpT jkpo; kf;fs; jq;fisg; gw;wp
,e;j KjyhtJ JNuhfj;jdj;ijj; njhlHe;J ,.Nj.f Kaw;rp nra;jhYk; $l jkpoHfspd; epahakh nfhs;stpy;iy. vdNt ,e;j rkur Kaw;rpfs; ahTk jkpo;-rpq;fs xg;ge;jk;
1921,y; jkpo; jiytHfspd; ntspNaw;wj;i rpq;fstHfSk; (,.Nj.fh.tpduhy;) Vkhw;wg;gl;l ntspNawpdH. ,t;tpU jug;gpdUlDk; xU nghJ cld
14
pa murpay; ahg;G vd;gtw;iwj; njhlHe;J rpq;fs xU ,af;fj;ij mikf;f Kide;jdH. ,e;jpahtpy; ;ndLj;J te;j ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; NghyNt j;ij mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldH.G+uz Rahl;rpf;fhd mikg;G ntWk; rPHjpUj;jthj Nfhhpf;iffis q;fisj; jzpj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. ,t;thwhd rPHjpUj;jf; ;gjw;fhd xU ,af;fNk ,tHfSf;F mg;NghJ g;igj; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;dH rpq;fsj; jiytHfSk; g;ge;jj;ij nra;J nfhz;ldH. aho;g;ghzr; rq;fk; f;F Vw;g gpujpepjpj;Jtk;" vd;w Nfhhpf;ifia Kd; KbAkhdtiu jkpo; tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;fpzq;f j;jpy; xU jkpo; gpujpepjpj;JtKk; toq;fg;gLtjw;F q;if Njrpa rq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; N[k;]; gPhp]; kw;Wk; ; rhHgpy; <.N[.rkutpf;fpukTk; aho;g;ghz rq;fj;jpid .nghd;.mUzhryj;jplk; vOj;jpy; cWjpaspj;jdH.
1919Mk; Mz;Lbrk;gH 11Mk; jpfjpad;W ,yq;if Njrpa fhq;fpu]; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,r;rq;fj;jpD}lhfNt ,yq;ifapd; gbj;j caH Nkl;Lf;Fbj; jiytHfs; vy;NyhUkhf ,yq;iff;fhd rPHjpUj;j Nfhhpf;iffis tpLj;jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,.Nj.fh.tpd; Kjw; jiytuhf NrH.nghd; mUzhryk; njhpT
nry;th
nra;ag;gl;lhH.
Mdhy; kdpq; rPHjpUj;jj;jpw;fhd R Kad;W nfhz;bUe;jNghJ jkpo; gpujpjpepjpj;Jtk; Njrpa fhq;fpu]pypUe;j jiytHfs; fz;%bj;jdkhf ryk; Kuz;glj;njhlq;fpaJld; mjw;nfjpuhfTk; ; thf;FWjpia kPwpaijj; njhlHe;J 1921Mk; Mz;L e;J ntspNawp jkpoH kfh rigia mikj;Jf; j.fh. xU rpq;fs mikg;ghfNt gbg;gbahf khwpaJ.
; kf;fs; jq;fisg; gw;wp jdpj;J rpe;jpf;f itj;jJ. dj;ijj; njhlHe;J ,.Nj.fh.tpdH rkur Kaw;rpfSf;F jkpoHfspd; epahakhd Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; ;j rkur Kaw;rpfs; ahTk; Njhy;tpaile;jd. k;
Hfspd; ntspNaw;wj;ijj; njhlHe;J fz;bar; tpduhy;) Vkhw;wg;gl;lijj; njhlHe;J 1924,y; pdUlDk; xU nghJ cld;ghl;ilf; fhz tl;lNkir
giw-2001 et
Page 15
khehnlhd;iwf; $l;Ltjw;fhd Nahrid nfhuah mt jpfjp Kd;itf;fg;gl;l NghJk; ,.Nj.fh.tpdU jiyikfSf;Fkpilapy; ,Ue;j KWfy; epiy fh rhj;jpag;gltpy;iy.1925 A+d; 28Mk; jpfjpad;W jkpoH Uf;Fkpilapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; itj;J xU tl;lNk ,jd; NghJ jhd; "rpq;fs-jkpo; xg;ge;jk;" ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. mjd;gb
1.tlf;F-fpof;F gpuNjrj;jpYk;> Nky; khfh gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L gq;F jkpoHfSf
2. ,.Nj.f.tpd; Kd;> itf;fg;gLk; rfy Nahridfi FO epakpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
,f;Nfhhpf;if 1925Mk; Mz;L tUlhe;j khehl;b ,Ue;jJ. MdhYk; ,t; xg;ge;j tplaq;fs; mLj;j Nghlg;gl;lJ. fl;lhakhf 1926Mk; Mz;L elf; Kd;itf;fg;gLnkd gpuhd;]p]; b nrha;]hthy; n gl;lNghJk; mk; khehl;bd; epfo;r;rp epuy nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. Njrpa fhq;fpurpdH ek;gpf kf;fs; fUJthHfs; vd mg;NghJ 'nfhuah' thy; n ele;jJ. jkpo; jiyik ,uz;lhtJ KiwAk; Vkhw;w jkpo; murpay; Njrpa murpaypypUe;J jdpj;Jr; nry gz;lh-nry;th xg;ge;jk;
,e;j ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; gy;NtW epfo;Tfs; ele;J K Nrhy;ghp(1947) Mfpa murpay; jpl;lq;fs; nga nra;jpUe;jNghJk; eilKiwapy; mit jkpo; kf;f mspf;ftpy;iy. nlhd%H murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jh mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpa tk;rhtop kf;fisg; ghj epiwNtw;wg;gl;ld.
,jw;fpilapy; 1948,y; "Rje;jpuKk;" toq;fg; gl;lJ njhlHe;J (1972 FbauR murpayikg;G tiu) mKypypU kiyafj; jkpoHfspd; chpik gwp NghdJ. 1948,y %yk; kiyaf kf;fspd; gpu[hThpik gwp;f;fg;gl;lJ. ghfp];jhdpa rl;lKk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. 1952Mk; nfhz;L te;jjd; %yk; ,Wjpahf kiyaf kf;fspd; t Njrpaf; nfhb mikf;fg;gl;l NghJ mJ rpq;fs ngs mikf;fg;gl;lJ. tptrha mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk; vd;w FbNaw;wq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;jpa to;rhtop kf xg;ge;jk; (NeU-nfhj;jyhty-1954) nra;J nfhs;sg;g ,jw;fpilapy; 1956Mk; Mz;L NjHjw; gpur;rhuj;jp khehl;by; rpq;fsk; kl;Lk; mur fUknkhop jPHkhd
giw-2001 et
hd Nahrid nfhuah mtHfshy; 1924 brk;gH 9Mk; NghJk; ,.Nj.fh.tpdUf;Fk; fz;bar;rpq;fsj; Ue;j KWfy; epiy fhuzkhf ,J cldbahfr; 28Mk; jpfjpad;W jkpoH kfh rigf;Fk; ,.Nj.fh.tpd- ;jpy; itj;J xU tl;lNkir khehL elj;jg;gl;lJ. s-jkpo; xg;ge;jk;" vdg;gLk; cld;gbf;if b jrj;jpYk;> Nky; khfhzj;jpYk; toq;fg;gLk; ,uz;L gq;F jkpoHfSf;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
;fg;gLk; rfy NahridfisAk; ghrPypg;gjw;fhf xU ;.
z;L tUlhe;j khehl;bd; epfo;r;rp epuypy; 3tjhf ;ge;j tplaq;fs; mLj;j tUlhe;j khehl;Lf;F xj;jp 1926Mk; Mz;L elf;ftpUf;Fk; khehl;by; ,J ;]p]; b nrha;]hthy; nfhuahTf;F cWjpaspf;fg;- l;bd; epfo;r;rp epuypy; $l ,J NrHj;Jf; jrpa fhq;fpurpdH ek;gpf;ifj; JNuhfpfs; vd jkpo; g;NghJ 'nfhuah' thy; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. mjd;gbNa ;lhtJ KiwAk; Vkhw;wg;gl;lhHfs;. ,jd; tpisT aypypUe;J jdpj;Jr; nry;yj; njhlq;fpaJ. e;jk;
;NtW epfo;Tfs; ele;J Kbe;jpUe;jd. nlhd%H (1931)> rpay; jpl;lq;fs; ngaustpy; rpy Vw;ghLfis wapy; mit jkpo; kf;fSf;F ve;j ghJfhg;igAk; urpay; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jhd;> jdpr;rpq;fs ke;jphp rig k;rhtop kf;fisg; ghjpf;ff; $ba gy rl;lq;fs;
je;jpuKk;" toq;fg; gl;lJ. Nrhy;ghp murpay; jpl;lk; yikg;G tiu) mKypypUe;jJ Rje;jpuk; fp;ilj;jJNk k gwp NghdJ. 1948,y; gpu[hThpikr; rl;lj;jpd; [hThpik gwp;f;fg;gl;lJ. mjidj; njhlHe;J ,e;jpa ;L tug;gl;lJ. 1952Mk; Mz;L thf;Fhpikr; rl;lk; pahf kiyaf kf;fspd; thf;FhpikAk; gwpf;fg;gl;lJ. NghJ mJ rpq;fs ngsj;jHfspd; Njrpaf; nfhbahf gptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk; vd;w Nghpy; jpl;lkpl;l rpq;fsf; ;ld. ,e;jpa to;rhtop kf;fSf;nfjpuhd ehL flj;Jk;
-1954) nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
z;L NjHjw; gpur;rhuj;jpd; NghJ I.Nj.f.jkJ fsdp mur fUknkhop jPHkhdj;ij epiwNtw;wpaJ. jhk;
1515
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mjid tpl jPtpu rpq;fs ngsj;jH vd;gijf; fhl;Ltj te;jhy; 24 kzp Neuj;jpy; rpq;fsk; kl;Lk; rl;lj;ijf; n mspj;jJ. mNj Nghy; NjHjypy; ntw;wp ngw;wJk; g kl;Lk; rl;lk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. ,jid vjpHj;J rj;j fl;rpapdH nfhLukhf jhf;fg;gl;L fiyf;fg;gl;lJl Kbe;jJ. 150f;Fk; Nkw;gl;NlhH nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. 1957 fWg;Gf; nfhbNaw;w Kide;j eluhrd; vDk; ,isQ
,e;j epiyapy; 1957 A+iy 20 jpfjpad;W xU Nghuhl;lj;Jf;fhd vw;ghLfis nra;J nfhz gz;lhuehaf;fh jkpo; kf;fspd; vjpHg;ig fz;L rku
1957Mk; Mz;L A+iy 27Mk; jpfjp es;spuT gz MfpNahUf;fpilapy; fhzg;gl;l ,ilf;fhyj;j cld;gbf;ifapd; gb Fwpg;ghf... 1. rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wq;fs; epWj;jk; 2. Njrpa rpWghd;ik nkhopahf jkpo; cj;jpNahf m 3. jkpo; tlf;F-fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; epHthf nkho 4. ehl;by; jkpo; kf;fs; jk; fUkq;fis jkpopy; Mw;wT
tsHf;Fk; chpikAk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. 5. gpuNjr rigfs; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; ngUksT "g
toq;fg;gLk;. vd;w ,t;nthg;ge;jj;ijj; njhlHe;J jkpouRf; fl `Hj;jhy; epWj;jg;gl;lJ. ,t;nthg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;g Mq;fhq;F jhf;Fjy;fs; ele;jd. xf;NlhgH 4, N[.MH.n[atHjdh jiyikapy; fz;bf;F Nghpdt mJ ,k;Gy;nfhltpy; itj;J mur rf;jpfspdhy; khjq;fshf ,t;nthg;ge;jj;ij eilKiwg; gLj;Jtj Vg;uy; 8 md;W gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; Nwh];kPl; murhq;fj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfSk; gpf;F vf;]j; nguK rj;jpahf;fpufk; ,Ue;jijj; njhlHe;J mtHfs fpopj;njwpag;gl;lJld;. xg;ge;jk; uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;lj mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. tuyhw;Wg; gpurpj;jp ngw;w , murhq;fj;jpd; Kjw; JNuhfkhfTk; mike;jJ. ,tHfi epiyf;F ,J nfhz;L nrd;wJ. NkYk; 1957,y; "=" ,tw;iw vjpHj;J rhj;tPf Kiwapy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l N 1958 ,df;fytuk; ele;NjwpaJ jkpo; kf;fSf;nfjpu tplg;gl;lJ. gy jkpoHfs; ,jpy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. mfjpfshf;fg;gl;ldH. jkpouRf; fl;rp jil nra;ag;g jLj;J itf;fg;gl;ldH> Rje;jpud; gj;jphpifAk; jil ,jw;fpilapy; gz;lhuehaf;fhTk; gpf;Fthy; nfh
16
sj;jH vd;gijf; fhl;Ltjw;F = y.R.f. jhk; Ml;rpf;F ;fsk; kl;Lk; rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L tUtjhf thf;FWjp ypy; ntw;wp ngw;wJk; gz;lhuehaf;fhthy; rpq;fsk; l;lJ. ,jid vjpHj;J rj;jpahf;fpufk; ,Ue;j jkpouRf; g;gl;L fiyf;fg;gl;lJld; mJ fytuj;jpy; te;J hH nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. 1957 Rje;jpu gfp\;fhpg;G nra;J> ;j eluhrd; vDk; ,isQd; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;lhH. +iy 20 jpfjpad;W xU khngUk; rj;jpahf;fpufg; Lfis nra;J nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy; jhd; pd; vjpHg;ig fz;L rkurj;Jf;F tuj; njhlq;fpdhH. 27Mk; jpfjp es;spuT gz;lhuehaf;fh-nry;tehafk; g;gl;l ,ilf;fhyj;jpw;F jPHT juf;$ba ,t; hf... pWj;jk; pahf jkpo; cj;jpNahf mq;fPfhuk; ngWk;. hzq;fspy; epHthf nkhopahf ,Uf;Fk;. Ukq;fis jkpopy; Mw;wTk; jkpopy; jkJ gz;ghl;il
fhf;fg;gLk;. pd; %yk; ngUksT "gpuNjr Rahl;rp" kf;fSf;F
j; njhlHe;J jkpouRf; fl;rp elhj;jtpUe;j khngUk; ;nthg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lTld; njd;dpyq;ifapy; ele;jd. xf;NlhgH 4,y; xg;ge;jj;ij vjpHj;J kapy; fz;bf;F Nghpdthj ahj;jpiu nrd;w NghJ ;J mur rf;jpfspdhy; Kwpabf;fg;gl;lJ. xd;gJ j eilKiwg; gLj;Jtjpy; ,Oj;jbf;fg;gl;lJ. 1958 haf;fhtpd; Nwh];kPl; gpNs]; ,y;yj;Jf;F Kd; k; gpf;F vf;]j; nguKditr; NrHe;j gpf;FkhUk; j; njhlHe;J mtHfspd; Kd;dhy; xg;ge;jk; e;jk; uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;ljhf md;Nw ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ;Wg; gpurpj;jp ngw;w ,e;j JNuhfj;jdk; rpq;fs hfTk; mike;jJ. ,tHfis ek;gpg; gadpy;iy vd;w ;wJ. NkYk; 1957,y; "=" rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. wapy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Nghuhl;lq;fisj; njhlHe;J aJ jkpo; kf;fSf;nfjpuhd gyhj;fhuk; fl;ltpo;j;J ,jpy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. tPLfs; nfhOj;jg;gl;ld. uRf; fl;rp jil nra;ag;gl;lJld; njhz;lHfs; gyH ;jpud; gj;jphpifAk; jil nra;ag;gl;lJ. af;fhTk; gpf;Fthy; nfhiynra;ag;gl;L 1960 khHr;
giw-2001 et
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NjHjYf;fhd Maj;jq;fs; ele;jd. jkpouRf; fl;r ehd;fk;rf; Nfhhpf;iffis Kd;itj;jJ. ,t;nt xg;ge;jj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUe;jJ. jkpouRf;fl;rp-=.y.R.f. cld;gbf;if
1.gpuNjr rigfis mikj;jy;> FbNaw;wq;fis rl;l me;j];J> 3.gpu[hThpikr; rl;lj; jpUj;jk;> 4.F tiu 6 epakd cWg;gpdHfspy; 4I kiyafj; jkpoHf Vw;Wf;nfhz;l tplaq;fs; rpk;khrdg; gpurq;fj;jpy; ,
,jid vOj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l ll;yp gpd;dH epuhfhpj;jhH. Mdhy; =.y.R.f. Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. mf;Nfhhpf;iffs; gz;lh nry;th xg;ge;jj;ij xl;bapUg;- gjhy; mjid jhk; Vw;gjhf rpwpkh jkJ gpujpepjpfspd; %yk; mwptpj;jhH. ,t;Tld;gbf;if- apd;gb rpk;khrdg; gpurq;fj;jpd; NghJ jkpouRf; fl;rp vjpHj;J thf;fspj;jijj; njhlHe;J murhq;fk; gjtp tpyfpaJ.
y.r.r.f. fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp vd;gtw;Wld; NrHe;J =.y.R.f. Ml;rpaikg;gjw;F M kfhNjrhjpgjpf;F fbjk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l NghJk; 1960 A+iy NjHjYf;F toptFj;jJ. NjHjypy; =.y.R.f. tplaq;fis mKy; elhj;Jtjw;fhd Ngr;RthHj;ij gpu ele;jJ. ,g;Ngr;R thHj;ij ele;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj rpq;fsk; ehL KOtJk; ePjpkd;w nkhopahf;Ftjw;fh rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjidj; njhlHe;J muRf;Fk; jk cwT Kwptile;jJ. ,J jkpo; kf;fs; Vkhw;wg;gl;l tu NrHe;J nfhz;lJ.
mJ kl;Lkd;wp 1961Mk; Mz;L [dthp 1Mk; cl;gl ehL KOtJk; jdpr;rpq;fsr; rl;lk; G+uzkhf m ,jidj; njhlHe;J j.f.tpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rj ,uhZtk; nfhz;L mlf;fg;gl;lJld;> mtrufhy rl rl;lk; vd;git gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. gyH ,uhZt K gl;ldH.
rpwpkh rh];jphp xg;ge;jk; (1964-10-30) nfhz;L t kf;fs; gyhj;fhukhf ehL flj;jg;gl;ldH. mNj Ntis Jf;F Vhpf;fiug; gj;jphpif kNrhjh thf;nfLg;Gf;F tpl
giw-2001 et
rpwpkh r
ele;jd. jkpouRf; fl;rp ,U ngUk; fl;rpfsplk; Kd;itj;jJ. ,t;nthg;ge;jk; gz;lh-nry;th ; nfhz;bUe;jJ. R.f. cld;gbf;if
kj;jy;> FbNaw;wq;fis epWj;jy;> 2.jkpo; nkhopf;F kr; rl;lj; jpUj;jk;> 4.FbAhpikg; gpur;rpid jPUk; py; 4I kiyafj; jkpoHfSf;F toq;FtJ. ,t;thW pk;khrdg; gpurq;fj;jpy; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;.
w;Wf; hpj;jhH. w;Wf; z;lh pUg;- rpwpkh %yk; f;if- j;jpd; pHj;J He;J
fl;rp .f. Ml;rpaikg;gjw;F MjuT toq;Ftjhf njhptpj;J g;gp itf;fg;gl;l NghJk; ghuhSkd;wk; fiyf;fg;gl;L j;jJ. NjHjypy; =.y.R.f. ntw;wp ngw;wJk;. cld;gl;l jw;fhd Ngr;RthHj;ij gpujkH rpwpkhtpd; jiyikapy; e;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj vt;tpj Kd;dwptpg;Gkpd;wp pkd;w nkhopahf;Ftjw;fhd rl;lk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ; njhlHe;J muRf;Fk; jkpouRf; fl;rpf;Fkpilapyhd o; kf;fs; Vkhw;wg;gl;l tuyhw;W rk;gtq;fspy; xd;whf
; Mz;L [dthp 1Mk; jpfjp Kjy; tlf;F-fpof;F pq;fsr; rl;lk; G+uzkhf mKYf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. hy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rj;jpahf;fpufg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; ;gl;lJld;> mtrufhy rl;lk; Nghlg;gl;L Culq;Fr; ;gl;lJ. gyH ,uhZt Kfhk;fspy; jLj;J itf;fg;-
; (1964-10-30) nfhz;L tug;gl;L ,e;jpa tk;rhtop j;jg;gl;ldH. mNj Ntis murhq;fk; ghuhSkd;wj;- Nrhjh thf;nfLg;Gf;F tplg;gl;l NghJ jkpouRf;fl;rp
rpwpkh rh];jphp xg;ge;jk;
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mjid vjpHj;J thf;fspj;jijj; njhlHe;J murhq;f ll;yp nry;th xg;ge;jk;
1965 NjHjYf;fhd Maj;jq;fs; ele;jd. =.y.R.f. i
nry;tehafj;Jld; xU ,uf nfhz;lhH.
,t;Tld;ghl;il mwpe ,ufrpa xg;ge;jk;" vd NjH xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J gpd;thq jkpouRf; fl;rpapd; Mju Kbahj epiyapy; Vw; xg;ge;jj;ijf; fhl;b M gjtpNaw;gjw;F Kd;jpd ,t;Tld;gbf;if gfpuq;f ,t;nthg;ge;jk; mbg;gila j;ij xj;jpUe;jJ vd;W nrhy
b.v];.Nrdehaf;f
jkpo;kf;fspd; chpikfs; r vd;Nw nrhy;yyhk;. 1. khfhz rigfis mikg;gJ> 2.tl-fpof;F kh mKyhf;FtJ> 3.rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wq;fisj; jLg;g ,Ue;jJ. nkhop Fwpj;j tplaq;fs; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fg ,t;nthg;ge;jk; gphptpidthjj;jpd; Kjw;gbnad gpur;rhuk; nra;jdH vjpHf; fl;rpapdUk; gpf;FkhUk murhq;fj;ijr; NrHe;j mikr;rHfNs Neubahf vjpHf;fj; njhlq;fpajhy; 1968,y; xg;ge;jk iftplg;gl;ljhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. kPz;Lk Vkhw;wg;gl;l epiyapy; jkpouRf; fl;rp murhq;fj;Jf;F toq;fp te;j Mjuit thg]; ngw;wJ.
,jd; gpd;dH jkpouRf; fl;rpapd; Nghuhl;l tPr;Rk fPopwq;fj; njhlq;fNt kWGwk; jPtpu Nghuhl;lj;ij Nehf;fp ,isQH ,af;fq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.
1970Mk;Mz;L rpwpkh jiyikapy; murhq;fk mikf;fg;gl;lJk;Kjypy; nra;jJ jug;gLj;jy; Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ jhd;. mjidj; njhlHe;J 1972Mk Mz;L KjyhtJ FbauR murpayikg;gpd; %yk jkpo; kf;fSf;F ,Ue;j ngausTg; ghJfhg;G $l rpq;fs ngsj;j fl;likg;Gf;F mur me;j];J nfh jkpo; ,isQHfspd; MAj eltbf;iffSk; Mq;f Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ele;j cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp nfhy;yg;gl;ldH.
18
ijj; njhlHe;J murhq;fk; gjtp ftpo;e;jJ. k;
q;fs; ele;jd. =.y.R.f. it Njhw;fbg;gjw;fhf ll;yp y;tehafj;Jld; xU ,ufrpa cld;ghl;il Vw;gLj;jpf; fhz;lhH.
,t;Tld;ghl;il mwpe;j =.y.R.f. "ll;yp-nry;th ufrpa xg;ge;jk;" vd NjHjw; gpur;rhuk; nra;jJ. ll;yp> g;ge;jj;jpypUe;J gpd;thq;f Kw;gl;lhYk; ,Wjpapy; pouRf; fl;rpapd; Mjutpy;yhky; Ml;rpaikf;f bahj epiyapy; Vw;nfdNt nra;J nfhz;l g;ge;jj;ijf; fhl;b MjuT Ntz;baJ. ll;yp jtpNaw;gjw;F Kd;jpdk; (khHr; 24Mk; jpfjp) t;Tld;gbf;if gfpuq;fkhf ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. t;nthg;ge;jk; mbg;gilapy; gz;lh-nry;th xg;ge;j- j xj;jpUe;jJ vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;lhYk; $l ,k;Kiw po;kf;fspd; chpikfs; rpy tpl;Lf;nfhLf;fg;gl;ld d;Nw nrhy;yyhk;.
kg;gJ> 2.tl-fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; jkpo; nkhopia bNaw;wq;fisj; jLg;gJ. vd;gd mbg;gilahf aq;fs; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fg;gl;ljhfNt ,Ue;jJ. dthjj;jpd; Kjw;gbnad fl;rpapdUk; gpf;FkhUk;. ikr;rHfNs Neubahf y; 1968,y; xg;ge;jk; pf;fg;gl;lJ. kPz;Lk; uRf; fl;rp murhq;fj;Jf;F ]; ngw;wJ.
l;rpapd; Nghuhl;l tPr;Rk; wk; jPtpu Nghuhl;lj;ij
; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. jiyikapy; murhq;fk; a;jJ jug;gLj;jy; Kiwia jidj; njhlHe;J 1972Mk; murpayikg;gpd; %yk; ausTg; ghJfhg;G $l ,y;yhJ nra;ag;gl;lJld; f;F mur me;j];J nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,Nj Ntis eltbf;iffSk; Mq;fhq;F njhlq;fpd. 1974Mk; e;j cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp khehL Fog;gg;gl;L 9 NgH
ll;yp Nrdehaf;f
giw-2001 et
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1977 ngh ntw;wpaPl;b I ele;j 1977 ,d mjpsT ghjpj gaq;futhjj;ji jkpo; ,af;fq;f ,uz;lhtJ F kf;fspd; chpi 1981 Mk; Mz ehnlq;fpYk; , kPz;Lk; mtyq ,df;fytuk; itj;jhw; Ng nra;ag;gl;ldH ,e;jpahTf;F NrHe;jhHfs;. murpay; ifj gLnfhiy nr ,izg;G "rp" ,e;j epiyapy; jhd; $l;lzp-,yq;if muR- ,zf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; 1983 etk;gH 17,y; Kd;i Ie;J khj fhy Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; gadhf ",izg;G
,j;jpl;lk; mbg;gilapy; khfhzq;fspy; ,aq;Fk fzpg;nghd;wpd; %yk; ,ize;J gpuhe;jpa rig cUt [dhjpgjpahy; epakdk;. FbNaw;wq;fs; tpfpjhrhu mlf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ,e;j cld;gbf;ifia jahhpg;gjpY muNr $ba mf;fiw nrYj;jpapUe;jJ. N[.MH.cld tl;lNkir khehl;by; ,jid NgRtjhff; $wp 1984 khehl;il Muk;gpj;jJ.
,izg;G-V:Kd;dH ,lk;ngw;w Ngr;RthHj;ijf mlq;fpaJ. ,izg;G-gp:epfo;r;rp epuy;> ,izg;G- khehl;by; ,J Fwpj;J Ngr Kd;Ng vk;.<.gp. mjpypU vjpHf; fl;rp ngg;uthp 6,y; ntspelg;G nra;jJ. j Mjhpj;j NghjpYk; vjpHg;gpd; kj;jpapy; N[.MH $l ,J iftplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Vw;ghLfs; jkpo; jug;ghy jkpo; jug;G ghPrpypf;fj; jhahuhf ,Ue;jJ. mjid mioj;j jug;Ng vjpHj;J epd;wJ. tl;lNkir khehL
,e;jpah-,yq;if Mfpa muRfs; Nkw; nfhz
giw-2001 et
1983 ,df;fytuk;
1977 nghJj; NjHjypy; mNkhf ntw;wpaPl;b I.Nj.f Ml;rpapykHe;jJk; ele;j 1977 ,df; fytuk; jkpo; kf;fis mjpsT ghjpj;j fytukhf mike;jJ. gaq;futhjj;jilr; rl;lk;> Gypfs; cl;gl jkpo; ,af;fq;fs; jil nra;ag;gl;lJ. 1978 ,uz;lhtJ FbauR murpayikg;G jkpo; kf;fspd; chpikfs; gytw;iwg; gwpj;jJ. 1981 Mk; Mz;L ,d;ndhU ,df; fytuk; ehnlq;fpYk; ,lk; ngw;wjpy; jkpo; kf;fs; kPz;Lk; mtyq;fis mDgtpj;jhHfs;. 1983 ,df;fytuk; vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; rpfuk; itj;jhw; Nghy; jkpoHfs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldH. gyH rfytw;iwAk; ,oe;J ,e;jpahTf;F mfjpfshfg; Ngha;r; NrHe;jhHfs;. ntypf;filapy; 53 jkpo; murpay; ifjpfs; rpq;fsf; ifjpfshy; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldH. ,izg;G "rp" jpl;lk; l;lzp-,yq;if muR-,e;jpa muR vd;gtw;wpd; 1983 etk;gH 17,y; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Nahridfspd; japd; gadhf ",izg;G rp" jpl;lk; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ; khfhzq;fspy; ,aq;Fk; khtl;l rigfs; fUj;Jf; e;J gpuhe;jpa rig cUthf;fg;glyhk;> Kjyikr;rH bNaw;wq;fs; tpfpjhrhug;gb... Nghd;w tplaq;fs; d;gbf;ifia jahhpg;gjpYk; epHg;ge;jpg;gjpYk; ,e;jpa j;jpapUe;jJ. N[.MH.cldbahf cld;glhtpl;lhYk; d NgRtjhff; $wp 1984 [dthp 10,y; tl;lNkir
k;ngw;w Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; gj;jphpif mwpf;iffs; pfo;r;rp epuy;> ,izg;G-rp: jPHTfisf; nfhz;lJ. Kd;Ng vk;.<.gp. mjpypUe;J ntspNawpaJ. gpujhd ; ntspelg;G nra;jJ. jkpo;f; fl;rpfs; midj;Jk; pd; kj;jpapy; N[.MH $l ianaOj;jplhj epiyapy; w;ghLfs; jkpo; jug;ghy; Kd;itf;fg;glhj NghJk; huhf ,Ue;jJ. mjid Vw;fTk; nra;jJ. Mdhy; d;wJ.
muRfs; Nkw; nfhz;l Kaw;rpapd; tpisthf
1919
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,uz;lhtJ rigj; jpl;lk; xd;W tl;l Nkir khehl 1984 A+iy 23 N[.Muhy; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l ,j;jpl;lj khtl;lq;fspdJk; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l xU ,uz vd;Wk; ,e;j rigfSf;fhd Kjyikr;rHfis [dhjp ,jDila mjpfhuq;fis khehl;by; jPHkhdpf;fy ,j;jpl;lj;ijAk; khehl;by; fye;Jnfhz;l vjp njd;dpe;jpahtpd; jiyaPl;il Vw;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rp" Kaw;rpAk; iftplg;gl;lJ. 1985 jpk;G khehL
,e;jpahTf;Fr; nrd;W $l;lzpapdH xU GwKk; thHj;ij elhj;jpaijj; njhlHe;J ,e;jpahtpd; V jiyefuhd jpk;Gtpy; 1985 A+iy 8 md;W Ie;J jkpo NrHe;J ,yq;if murpd; gpujpep- jpahf fye;J nfhz;l N[.Mhpd; rNfhjuH vr;.lgps;A. [atHj;jdhTld; Ngr;RthHj;ij elhj;jpdH. mjd;gb
1.jkpoHfis xU jdpj; Njrpa ,dkhf mq;fPfhpj;jy;.
2. jkpo; ,dj;jpd; jhafj;ij mq;fPfhpj;jy;.
3. jkpo;j; Njrpa ,dj;jpd; RaepHza chpikia mq;f Pfhpj;j y;. 4. ,yq;ifapYs;s jkpoHfs; midtUf;Fk; FbAhpik
,f;Nfhhpf;iffs; N[.Muhy; epuhfhpf;fg;gl;ld E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd jkpoHfs; gilapduhy; nfhiy ntspahdijj; njhlHe;J jkpo; ,af;fq;fs; ntspelg;G Kwpe;jJ. by;ypg; Ngr;RthHj;ij
jpk;Gg; Ngr;RthHj;ij Kwptilahky; njhl mikg;GfSld; njhlHe;J Ngr Kw;gl;l NghJk; m ,Nj Ntis ,yq;if murpd; gpujpepjp vr;.lgps;A.[at rkHg;gpj;jhH.
,j;jpl;lj;jpd;gb tl gFjpapy; xU khfhz rig m fpy; khtl;l rigfs; mikf;fg;gLk;. tl fpof mjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;lJkhd ,e;jj; jpl;lj;ij Nghu mNj Ntis $l;lzp tlf;F fpof;F nkhopthhpahf
20
1987 ,yq
d;W tl;l Nkir khehl;Lf;F nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. Hg;gpf;fg;gl;l ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;gb ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; 25 isf; nfhz;l xU ,uz;lhtJ rigia mikg;gJ Kjyikr;rHfis [dhjpgjpNa jPHkhdpg;ghH vd;Wk; khehl;by; jPHkhdpf;fyhk; vd;Wk; Ngrg;gl;lJ. y; fye;Jnfhz;l vjpHf; fl;rpfs; ahTk; ",J l Vw;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rp" vd;W $wp epuhfhpj;jd. ,k;
l;lzpapdH xU GwKk; N[.MH kWGwKkhf Ngr;R hlHe;J ,e;jpahtpd; Vw;ghl;bd; Nghpy; G+l;lhd; +iy 8 md;W Ie;J jkpo; ,af;fq;fSk; $l;lzpAk; pujpep- hpd; ps;A. Hj;ij
Njrpa
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uhy; epuhfhpf;fg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; ,yq;ifapy; ; gilapduhy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l rk;gtKk; po; ,af;fq;fs; ntspelg;G nra;jd. Ngr;R thHj;ijAk;
j
Kwptilahky; njhlHtjw;fhf ,e;jpah jkpo; gr Kw;gl;l NghJk; mit mjid jl;bf;fopj;jd. ; gpujpepjp vr;.lgps;A.[atHjdh ,d;ndhU jpl;lj;ij
papy; xU khfhz rig mikf;fg;gLk;. Mdhy; fpof;- kf;fg;gLk;. tl fpof;if Jz;lhLk;> Fiwe;j d ,e;jj; jpl;lj;ij Nghuhsp ,af;fq;fs; epuhfhpj;jd. fpof;F nkhopthhpahf ,ize;j rk\;b tbtpyhd
1987 ,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jk;
giw-2001 et
Page 21
khepynkhd;W cUthf;FtJ njhlHghd jpl;lj;ij by;ypapy; Kd;itj;jJ. 1986 [dthp 30,y; ,j;jpl;lj;ij ,yq;if muR Kw;whf epuhfhpj;jJ. rpjk;guk;-n[atHjdh Nahrid
1986 Vg;uypy; ,yq;if te;j ,e;jpa mikr;rH rpjk;guk; el;thHrpq; MfpNahH [dhjpgjpAlDk; $l;lzpAlDk; Ngr;RthHj;ij elhj;jpaJ. ,jd;gb ,yq;if murhy; cUthf;fg;gl;L ,e;jpa murplk; ifaspf;g;gl;l jpl;lj;jpd rhuhk;rkhf...
1. ,yq;ifapd; xw;iwahl;rpf;Fk; ,yq;ifapd; murpayikg;G tbtj;jf;F cl;gl;ljhf mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk;.
2. tlf;F fpof;F gu];guk; mf;fiwAs;s nraw;gLtjw;Fhpa mikg;G hPjpahd Vw;ghLfs;. (,jd ,izg;G ,Uf;fhJ)
,j;jpl;lk; Fwpj;j Ngr;RthHj;ij ,Ogwpg;gl;L , ,Wjpapy; iftplg;gl;lJ. ngq;f@H Ngr;RthHj;ij
1986 etk;ghpy; ngq;f@hpy; elj;jg;gl;l rhHf; khe N[.MH uh[pTf;fpilapy; ele;j Ngr;RthHj;ija Kd;itj;jpUe;j khw;W Nahridfspd;gb fpo khfhzq;fshfg; gphpf;Fk; Nahrid Kd;itf;fg;gl;l fhd;gjw;fhf gpughfuid mioj;J vk;.[P.MUlDk; NghJk; (Fwpg;ghf tlf;F fpof;F Jz;lhly;) ,jpy; ,z ,k; Kaw;rp Njhy;tpaile;jJ. ,yq;if-,e;jpa xg;ge;jk;
,yq;if mnkhpf;fhTldhd cwit gyg;gLj;j ,e;jpahtpd; ftdj;ij mjpfhpj;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; kPJ tpjpf;f jkpo;j; Njrpag; Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; ,af;fq;fis 1987 Nk 26 ,y; "xg;gNu\d; ypgNu\d;" vDk; nghUshjhuj; jiliaAk; tpjpf;fj; njhlq;fpa NghJ tpkhdq;fspd; %yk; czTg; nghUl;fisg; Nghl;L nra;jNjhL ,yq;if muR ,e;jpa murplk; mbgz ,dg; gpur;rpidia jPHf;fj;jhd; ,e;jpa-,yq;if xg;g $wg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpahitg; nghwj;jstpy; ,yq;if m gjpf;fhj tz;zk; ,t;nthg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; ,yq;if cj;juthjk; thq;fpf; nfhz;ljd; %yk; mjd; Nehf;fj;i murhq;fj;ijg; nghWj;jstpy; njd;dpyq;ifapy; N
giw-2001 et
njhlHghd jpl;lj;ij 1986 [dthp 30,y; Kw;whf epuhfhpj;jJ. h Nahrid
e;j ,e;jpa mikr;rH ahH [dhjpgjpAlDk; j elhj;jpaJ. ,jd;gb ;gl;L ,e;jpa murplk; huhk;rkhf...
l;rpf;Fk; ,yq;ifapd; cl;gl;ljhf mjpfhug;
;guk; mf;fiwAs;s tplaq;fspy; ,ize;J hPjpahd Vw;ghLfs;. (,jd; cs;sHj;jk; tlf;F fpof;F
hHj;ij ,Ogwpg;gl;L ,zf;fk; Vw;glhj epiyapy;
;ij py; elj;jg;gl;l rhHf; khehl;bw;F nrd;wpUe;j Ntis ele;j Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; NghJ ,yq;if muR ahridfspd;gb fpof;F khfhzj;ij %d;W hrid Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t; Nahrid ,zf;fk; ioj;J vk;.[P.MUlDk; uh[pTld; N[.MUk; Ngrpa f;F Jz;lhly;) ,jpy; ,zf;fk; fhzg;glhj epiyapy;
. e;jk;
hd cwit gyg;gLj;j Nkw;nfhz;l eltbf;iffs; hpj;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; kPJ rl;lhPjpahd fl;Lg;ghLfis hl;lj;ijAk; ,af;fq;fisAk; gad;gLj;j tpise;jJ. d; ypgNu\d;" vDk; tlkuhl;rpj; jhf;FjiyAk; pjpf;fj; njhlq;fpa NghJ jkpo; gpuNjrq;fspy; Aj;j ; nghUl;fisg; Nghl;L ,yq;if muir vr;rhpf;if e;jpa murplk; mbgzpa Nehpl;lJ. ,jd; tpisT d; ,e;jpa-,yq;if xg;ge;jk; nfhz;L tug;gl;ljhff; hwj;jstpy; ,yq;if murplkpUe;J mnkhpf;fh fhy; e;jj;jpd; %yk; ,yq;if murplkpUe;J ifnaOj;jpy; jd; %yk; mjd; Nehf;fj;ij epiwNtw;wpaJ. ,yq;if py; njd;dpyq;ifapy; N[.tp.gp. fpsHr;rpia mlf;f
gpNukjhr
2121
Page 22
mtfhrj;ijAk; tlf;fpy; jkpo; ,af;fq;fis ruzilar jkpo; ,af;fq;fisg; nghWj;jstpy; ,t;tpU muR egHfis ek;gp MAjq;fisf; fise;J ruzhfjpahdJ nfhz;lJ. jhk; Vkhw;wg;gl;likia khfhzrig m muRfspd; eltbf;iffspd; %yKk; fhyq;fle;Nj ,t;tpaf;fq;fs; kPJ Nkw;nfhz;l jil> Ntl;ilahly tpRthrpfshfTk; gpd; Gyp vjpHg;ghsHfshfTk; khwp tpw;Wg;gpiof;Fk; JNuhfkpiof;Fk; Fk;gy;fshfpg; Ng nkhj;jj;jpy; ,e;jpa-,yq;if muRfs; ntw;wp fz ft;tpd. gpNukjhr-Gypfs; Ngr;RthHj;ij
,e;jpa-,yq;if cld;gbf;ifapd; %yk; ,yq ,e;jpag; gilapdiu> jhd; Ml;rpf;F te;jhy; tpul;b t gpNukjhrh> tlf;fpy; ,Ue;j gilapdiu njd;d N[.tp.gp.apdiuAk; mopj;Jtplf; $ba tifapy; Ngh -gp gpN ,e Gy elh gi tu Nt ,e ,e gpN gz to
Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; NghJ Kf;fpakhf ,e;jpag; gi tlfpof;F khfhz rig fiyf;fg;gLtJ> 6tJ jpUj;jr Kf;fpa Nfhhpf;iffshf ,Ue;jd. MdhYk; ,f;fhyg gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s rpwe;j mtfhrj;ijAk; ,e;jpag; ntw;wp fz;lJ. gpNukjhrtpd; Nehf;fKk; epiwNtwp 6tJ jpUj;jr; rl;lk; vy;yhNk xU vjpHg Kd;itf;fg;gl;ljhfj; njhpatpy;iy. vdNt ,U epiwNtwpaJk; ghJfhg;gikr;rH uQ;rd; tpN[uj;d NghLk;tiu khfhz rig NjHjy; elf;fhJ vd;W k Ngr;RthHj;ij ,Wjpapy; 1990 Nk 7 gilapdhpd; n\y nfhy;yg;gl;lijj; njhlHe;J gilapdUf;Fk; GypfSf
22
gpNukjhr-Gypfs;Ngr;RthHj;i j
; ,af;fq;fis ruzilar; nra;tjpYk; ntw;wp fz;lJ. j;jstpy; ,t;tpU muRfspdJk; jiyikapypUe;j ; fise;J ruzhfjpahdJ. khfhz rigiaAk; Vw;Wf; ikia khfhzrig mDgtKk; ,e;jpa ,yq;if ; %yKk; fhyq;fle;Nj czHe;jd. Gypfs; ,af;fk; z;l jil> Ntl;ilahly; vd;gd mtHfis murpd; jpHg;ghsHfshfTk; khwp ,Wjpapy; Nghuhl;lj;ijNa of;Fk; Fk;gy;fshfpg; NghdhHfs;. ;if muRfs; ntw;wp fz;ld. jkpo; ,af;fq;fs; kz;
r;RthHj;ij
bf;ifapd; %yk; ,yq;ifapy; epiynfhz;bUe;j l;rpf;F te;jhy; tpul;b tpLtjhff; $wp Ml;rpf;fkHe;j ;j gilapdiu njd;dpyq;iff;F jpir jpUg;gp plf; $ba tifapy; Nghlg;gl;l jpl;lk; jhd; Gypfs; -gpNukjhrh Ngr;RthHj;ij. gpNukjhr vjpHghHj;jgb ,e;jpahit Mj;jpu%l;l GypfSld; Ngr;RthHj;ijia elhj;jp> me;jf; fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; gilapdiu njd;dpyq;ff;F tutioj;J N[.tp.gp.apdiu Ntl;ilahbf; nfhd;nwhopj;jJ. ,e;jpa gilapdiu tpul;baJ. ,e;jpag;gilia vjpHf;fntd gpNukjhr> GypfSf;F MAjk; gzk; vd;gtw;iwAk;
;RthHj;i j
toq;fpdhH.
gpNukjhrTldhd f;fpakhf ,e;jpag; gilapdiu ntspNaw;WtJ> f;fg;gLtJ> 6tJ jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij ePf;FtJ vd;git e;jd. MdhYk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; Gypfs; jq;fis tfhrj;ijAk; ,e;jpag; gilapdiu mDg;GtjpYk; d; Nehf;fKk; epiwNtwpaJ. kw;Wk;gb khfhzrig> y;yhNk xU vjpHghh;g;gpd; mbg;gilapy; patpy;iy. vdNt ,U jug;gpduJk; Nehf;fq;fs; kr;rH uQ;rd; tpN[uj;d Gypfs; MAjj;ij fPNo jHjy; elf;fhJ vd;W kpul;bdhH. ,e;j 14 khj fhy Nk 7 gilapdhpd; n\y; jhf;Fjypdhy; 12 khztpfs; gilapdUf;Fk; GypfSf;Fkpilapy; rz;il %z;lJ.
giw-2001 et
Page 23
,e;jg; Ngr;RthHj;ijiag; nghW gpNukjhr murhq;fk; $l j ,g;Ngr;RthHj;ijiag; gad;gLj;jpa njhpTf;FO
gpNukjhrtpdhy; ,dg;gpur;r ghuhSkd;wj; njhpTf;FOnthd;W mikg;gjw;fhd Nahridiaf; n cWg;gpdH kq;fs Kdrpq;fN epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. Gypfs; ,af;f ,af;fq;fs; fye;J nfhz;l , vjpHf;fl;rpAk;> Vida rpq;fs mikg;GfSk; gykh ,uz;L tUlq;fs; ,Ojbf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; jkpo; ntspNawpd. ,Wjpapy; ,t;tikg;G nraypoe;J Ngh Gypfs;-ngh.I.K Ngr;RthHj;ij
gpNukjhr 1993 Nk jpdj;jd;W nfhy;yg;gl;ljd; gpd jkpo; kf;fSf;nfjpuhd rpq;fsg; Nghpdthj gpur;rhuq;f nghJj; NjHjypd; NghJ re;jphpfh jiyikapyhd ngh.I.K.Tf;F rhjfkhdtw;wpy; xd;whf khwpaJ. ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F murpay; jPHT> Ngr;RthHj;ij> rkhjhdk; vd;w Nfh\q;fSld; gjtpapykHe;j ngh.I.K Gypfs; ,af;fj;Jld; Ngr;RthHj;ijia njhlf;fpaJ. ,g; Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; NghJ Kf;fpakhf mj;jpahtrpag; gpur;rpidfs; murpay; gpur;rpidfs; vd;w ,U fl;lq;fs; vd;w tifapy; mike;jpUe;jJ. ,J ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj muR Aj;jj;jpw;fhd gil NrHg;G> jsghlf; nfhs;tdT vd;gtw;iwr; nra;jJld;> cWjp $wpagb nghUshjhuj; jilfis Kw;whf ePf;fhky; Nghf;Ff; fh Kiw Fwpj;J vr;rhpf;if nra;jpUe;Jk; re;jphpfh murhq njhlHe;J ,g;Ngr;RthHj;ijAk; Kwpe;jJ. 1995 Vg;uy; 2 Muk;gkhdJ.
xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy; epahakhd chpikfis toq;F jkJ eyd;fSf;fhf khj;jpuNk Ngr;RthHj;ij> jPHT K
b.gp.tpN[Jq;f
giw-2001 et
1998,y; R ,q;fpyhe;J
r;RthHj;ijiag; nghWj;jstpy; mbg;gilapy; murhq;fk; $l jdJ eyd;fSf;fhfNt hHj;ijiag; gad;gLj;jpaJ. ;FO
jhrtpdhy; ,dg;gpur;rpidiaj; jPHg;gjw;nfd ;wj; njhpTf;FOnthd;W epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jid w;fhd Nahridiaf; nfhz;L te;jpUe;j =.y.R.f. H kq;fs Kdrpq;fNt ,jd; jiytuhfTk; ;gl;lhH. Gypfs; ,af;fk; jtpHe;j Vida jkpo; s; fye;J nfhz;l ,f;FOtpd; Nahrdfis s mikg;GfSk; gykhf vjpHj;J te;jjpdhy;> ,J fg;gl;l epiyapy; jkpo; mikg;Gf;fs; xt;nthd;whf
ikg;G nraypoe;J NghdJ jhd; kpr;rk;. ;RthHj;ij
d;W nfhy;yg;gl;ljd; gpd; gjtpNaw;w b.gp.tpN[Jq;f sg; Nghpdthj gpur;rhuq;fis nra;J te;jhH. ,J 1994 ;jphpfh Tf;F wpaJ. jPHT> vd;w kHe;j ;Jld; . ,g; ghJ rpag; pay; q;fs; e;jJ. ghNj rHg;G> w;iwr; pagb ;whf ePf;fhky; Nghf;Ff; fhl;baJ. murpd; ,e;j mZF ;jpUe;Jk; re;jphpfh murhq;fk; myl;rpakhf ,Ue;jijj; k; Kwpe;jJ. 1995 Vg;uy; 24Mk; jpfjp 3tJ jPHT Kaw;rp> cld;gbf;if (my;yJ
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jpahF vz;zpf;nfhz;lhd;. gy tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd;G ghHf;Fk; Kfq;fs;. vy;yhk; jpahFtpw;F ghPl;rakhd Kfq;fshfNt njhpe;jd. rpyiug; ghHj;jJk; milahsk; fz;Lnfhz;lhd;. gyH jq;fisj; jhq;fshfNt te;J mwpKfk; nra;J nfhz;l gpd;Ng mtdhy; Cfpf;f Kbe;jJ. xd;W ,uz;L tUlq;fsh? gjpNdO tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd;G my;yth mtdhy; gpwe;j kz;iz kpjpf;f KBe;jJ. tPuab
kuz tPl;Lf;F te;j gyNgH> jpahFitg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt te;jtHfs;. mtHfs; vy;yhk; mtidr; re;jpj;J tpilngw;wNghJ jpahF kpfTk;tUe;jpdhd;. me;j Neuj;jpy; mtDf;F xU n[Hkdpa gonkhop epidTf;F te;jJ. "gfphe;J nfhs;sg;gLk; ,d;gk; ,ul;bg;ghfpd;wJ.> gfpHe;Jnfhs;sg;gLk; Jd;gk; ghjp Fiwfpd;wJ." ,jpy; mtd; vij vLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ? CutH> cwTfisf; fz;l ,d;gj;ijah? my;yJ jhia ,oe;J epw;Fk; Jd;gj;ijah? epiy jLkhwp epd;W nfhz;L> jd;dplk; te;J tpilngw;Wr; nry;gtHfis thry; tiu te;J topaDg;gpf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. tpehafGuj;J gpujhdtPjpapy; KjyhtJ tPL. nghpa tsT. njd;id kuq;fSk;> khkuq;fSk; epiwe;j tprhykhd tsT. ,UgJ tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G> ,sk;gps;isj; njd;idfshf ,Ue;jitnay;yhk;> nebe;JaHe;J Fiyfhl;b mofhff; fhl;rpaspj;jd. jpahF MirNahL mf;fiug;gw;W re;ijapy; thq;fpf;nfhz;L te;J el;l
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xl;Lkhkuq;fs;> fWj;jnfhOk;ghDk;> gpyhl;Lk; ed;whf fpistpl;L> gue;J fple;jd. nkapd; Nwhl;Lf;F vjpNuapUe;j rpd;dj;Njhl;lk;> mq;Nf ,Ue;j gq;fsh> xd;WNk ,g;NghJ mq;Nf ,y;iy. jpahFtpd; mg;ghtpd; fil. filf;FKd; tPjpNahuk; epd;wpUe;j tPukuk; vJTNk ,g;NghJ ,y;iy. jpahFtpd; fz;fs; Mr;rhpaj;jpy; tphpe;jnghOJ... ifapy; Nfhg;gpf; fpz;zj;Jld; te;jhd; gpuG. gpuG> jpahFtpd; gs;spj;Njhod;. mt;tg;NghJ Ciug;gw;wp jpahFtpw;F fbjk; vOJgtd;. "vd;d jpahF cdf;F vy;yhk; Mr;rhpakhf ,Uf;fpd;wjh? vy;yhk; khwpg; Nghr;Rlh. fhyk; fhykhf ehk tho;e;j kz; ,g;NghJ Nfhyk;khwp Nghr;rp. Nrhj;Jg;ghl;Lf;Nf nghpaghlhf ,Uf;F. Giog;G elj;j
rdq;fSf;F xU topAkpy;y." gpuG nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl> jd; ifapypUe;j Nfhg;gpf; fpz;zj;ij jpahFtplk; nfhLj;jhd;. mij thq;fpf;nfhz;l jpahF> " gpwF Vz;lh ,g;gb.." vd;W Nfl;gjw;F KjNy> gpuG gjpy; nrhy;y Ke;jpf;nfhz;lhd;. "vy;yhk; ehl;by; Vw;gl;bUf;Fk; f];lkhd epiyjhd; fhuzk;. nrhe;j kz;zpNy Rje;jpukhf tho Kbahjepiy. tapw;Wg;grpf;F md;whlk; njhopy; ghHj;jtHfs;$l> miutapW fQ;rpf;Nf topapd;wp mtjpg;gLfpd;whHfs;. flw;njhopy;
28
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opAkpy;y." z;Nl> jd; pz;zj;ij hd;. mij F Vz;lh jNy> gpuG fhz;lhd;. l;bUf;Fk; k;. nrhe;j pukhf tho md;whlk; iutapW topapd;wp lw;njhopy;
nra;tJ $l f];lk;. Mw;wpy; kPd;gpbg;gjw;F fl;Lg;ghL. Ntshz;ik> gapHr;nra;if vy;yhk; nra;if gz;z Kbahj epiy. xU fil fz;zpitj;J tpahghuk; gz;zj;jil. ,g;gb vy;yhNk Klf;fpitf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; NghJ> Chpy; grpAk;> gQ;rKk; jiytphpj;jjhlhky; vd;d nra;Ak;. VNjh cdf;F ey;y fhyk;. cd; jiynaOj;J ey;yhapUe;jjhy; Ciutpl;Lg;Nghapl;lha;. ehq;fs; gl;l> gLfpd;w f];lq;fs; cdf;Fj; njhpahJ." "r;Nr! r;Nr!! mg;gbr; nrhy;yhNj gpuG. jha;> je;ijiaAk; jha; kz;izAk; tpl;Lg; gphpe;JNgha; me;epa kz;zpy; mfjpfshf tho;fpd;w nfhLikia ehd; mDgtpj;jtd;. ,e;j kz;zpd; thrj;ijAk; GOjp kzj;ijAk;> nrf;fr; nrNtnyd;W nrk;gUj;jp G+j;jpUf;Fk; vd; tPl;L Kw;wj;ijAk; ,oe;j Fw;w czHT vdf;F cz;L. VNjh xU Ntfj;jpy; jha; kz;izg; gphpe;JNghdJ vd;dNth cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; me;j gphpT je;j Jd;gk;> Jauk; ,Uf;Nf.. mJ kpff; nfhbaJ. mij ehd; ,e;j gjpNdO tUlq;fshf mDgtpf;fpd;Nwd;. jha; ehl;bd; Nrjpfs; ehw;NjhWk; Nfl;L> fz;fs; Fskhfp neQ;rk; jLhkwp> vg;Ngh vkf;F tpbay; tUk; vd;W Vq;fp tpk;kp ntJk;gp J}f;fkpd;wp JbJbj;j ,uTfs; Vuhsk;.." "jk;gp.. jpahF.. ,q;f thuhrh.. cd;idg; ghHf;f Nrhl;ilah ,Uf;F..
giw-2001 et
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vt;tsT fhyk; kNd cd;idg; ghj;J.." ehd; Fuy; te;j jpiria jpUk;gpg; ghHj;Njd;. jq;fkzp khkp... tPl;bDs;Ns epd;W $g;gpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jh. gpuGit $l;bf;nfhz;L cs;Ns te;Njd;> jq;fkzp khkpapd; mUfpy; nrd;wJk;. mtH fl;bg;gpbj;J Xntd;W xg;ghhp itr;Rl;lh. rw;W Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd; mJ mlq;fpaJk;.. me;j kfuhrp ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; mbf;fb ,e;j tPl;Lf;F te;JNghNtd;. ,dp MU ,Uf;fh." jq;fkzp khkp %f;ifr; rpe;jp mk;khtpd; ghrj;ij> gphpit nrhy;yr;nrhy;y> ,t;tsT NeuKk; vd;Ds; mlf;fp itf;fg;gl;bUe;j Jf;fk; njhz;iltiu te;J> 'Xntd;W ehDk; mOJtpl;Nld;. "mOuhrh.. ey;yh mOjpL.. tha;tpl;L mOjpL... cq;fk;kh cd;id VO taRtiuf;Fk; ,Lg;gpNy J}f;fpr; Rke;jts;. tay; vd;Wk;> tug;ngd;Wk; Mz;NtiyAk;> nghz;NtiyAk; nra;J> cd;u mg;gDf;F Jizah ,Ue;jts;. ehd; ,q;f tUk;Nghnjy;yhk; 'jk;gp fLjhrp Nghl;bUf;fhd; kr;rhs;. fhrp mDg;gpapUf;fpwhd; kr;rhs;' vz;L nrhy;yp Rlr;Rl Fbf;f Njj;jz;zp je;J> thapyNghl ntj;jpy ghf;Fk; je;J mDg;Gk; me;j rPtd; Nghapl;lhNs... ,dp ehndy;yhk; vJf;F fple;J f];lg;glZk;.. vd;u Mir kr;rhs; vd;idAk; $l;bf;NfhB.." vd;W mk;khtpd; Nky; jhd; itj;jpUe;j ghrj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpaNghJ vd; kdk; fdj;jf;nfhz;lJ. xU epkpl Neu eprg;jk; epytpaJ. "jpahF! ehd; Gwg;gLwd; MW kzpf;F Nky nrd;hpg; nghapz;ilj; jhz;bg;Nghf tplkhl;lhq;fs; mtq;fs;. gpuahzj;jhy; te;j cly; fisg;G mj;NjhL kdf;fisg;G vd;W NrhHe;J Nghapl;lha;. gLj;J nfhQ;rk; Xa;ntLj;Jf;nfhs;. ehd; fhiyapy
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te;jpLwd;" vd;W vd; fhNjhuk; nrhd;dhd; gpuG. ehd; mtid topaDg;gptpl;L N`hYf;Fs; te;jNghJ kUkfs; kyHtpop nrhd;dhs; "khkh cq;fSf;F rhkp miwf;Fs; fLf;if Nghl;bUf;F. rhg;gpl;Ll;L J}q;fpLq;f" vd;W. ",y;y.. vdf;F xz;Zk; Ntz;lhk;. rhp ehd; ghj;jpf;fpwd;." vd;W mtis mDg;gp tpl;L rhkp miwf;Fs; Eioe;Njd;. mg;ghtpd; epow;glk; rhkpglq;fSld; NrHe;jpUe;jJ. mjw;F re;jzkhiy> mzptpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. kz;bapl;L tzq;fptpl;L gLf;ifapy; rha;e;Njd;. J}f;fk; tutpy;iy. neQ;R epiw Jf;fk; ,Ue;jJ. mg;ghtpd; fk;gPukhd cUtk;> mfd;w new;wp> ms;spg;G+rpa tpG+jp> fglkpy;yhj rphpg;G> mj;jidAk; vd; fz;Kd; epoyhl> mk;khtpd; Mtp Rw;wpr;Rw;wp te;J vd;id jOtpf;nfhs;tijg; Nghy; xU gpuik. ve;jtpj gpuf;iQAkpy;yhky; fz;fis %bf;nfhz;Nld;... mg;ghTk; mk;khTk; md;ghf tho;e;jtHfs;. ehd; mwpe;jtifapy; mtHfs; xU NghJk; xU gpur;rpidAk; gl;ljpy;iy. kdj;jhq;fy; $l Vw;gl;ljpy;iy. xUtiunahUtH ed;whfg; Ghpe;Jnfhz;L md;ghf tho;f;if elj;jpdhHfs;. xUtiutpl;L xUtH xU ehs; $l gphpe;jpUe;jjpy;iy. mt;tsT me;epNahd;ak; mtHfSf;fpilNa ,Ue;jJ. tay; tpijg;G> mWtil> #Lkpjpg;G vd;W vy;yh NtiyfspYk; mk;kh> mg;ghTld; ,ize;Nj ,Ue;jh. tpehafGuj;J tPuabf;fil vd;why; gf;fj;J CHf;fhuHfSf;Fk; njhpAk;. mjpfhiy ehd;F kzpf;Nf mk;kh vOe;J filthry; ngUf;fptpl;L iffhy; myk;gp rhkp Fk;gpl;Ltpl;Lte;J nghapyUf;F
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fhpNghl;L jz;zpia #lhf;fp tpl;L mg;ghit vOg;gptpLth. ",Q;rhUq;Nfh! vOk;gapy;iyNa.. ,f;fzk; ghy;f;fhuf; fe;jz;zH te;J $g;gplg;NghwhH... vOk;gapy;yNa..." "k;k;..k;.. ehd; Kopr;rpl;Lj;jhd; gLj;jpUf;fpwd;." vd;W mg;gh vOe;J nfhs;thH. "ePnad;d Neuj;Njhl vOk;gpl;bahf;Fk;" mg;gh Nf.l;ghH. ",uT KOf;f ehd; fz;Nzhl fz; %lNt ,y;y. ,td; jk;gp gLf;fpw miwf;Fs;s rhpahd Esk;G. mtd; ad;diyj; jpwe;J Nghl;L gLj;jpl;lhd; ey;yh fbr;rpj; jpd;wpUf;FNk." "Xnkz;Zwd;. gpwF ehd; chpkl;il gw;witr;R mjpy Ntg;gkpiyfisg; Nghl;L Gifr;R miw KOf;f gpbr;rgpwFjhd; Esk;GfSk; fiyQ;rJ. jk;gpAk; mJf;Fg; gpwFjhd; gLj;jhd;." ",uT fhj;Nj ,y;y. xU nfhj;Jf;Fio$l cRk;gapy;y. fhj;jpUe;jh Esk;G fhiyQ;R NghapUf;Fk;"v d;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl Kfk; fOtp> rhkp Fk;gpl;L filjpwf;Fk; mYtypy; ,wq;FthH. tPl;Nlhl filAk; mike;jpUe;jjhy;> filapypUe;J tUk; rhk;gpuhzp Gif thrKk; CJgj;jp kzKk; epj;jiuapy; ,Uf;Fk; vdf;F ,jkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,ilf;fpilNa mg;ghtpd; Ngr;Rf;Fuy; Nfl;Fk;. "th... th... FQ;rpj;jk;gp. vd;d tpijr;Rg;Nghl;bNah?" "mj vd;dj;jf; Nff;fpw uhrz;Nz... Kjy;y fhg;Nghj;jy; ghy; jhq;Nfhtd;" "rhp.. rhp ,e;j Rlr;Rlf; Fbuhg;gh.. cd;u tpijg;ghL vg;gbg; Nghr;R..." ",z;ilf;F vz;bUe;jJ. mJTk; Kbay. milkio Gbr;R njz;lhy;
30
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hf;fp tpl;L g;gptpLth. py;iyNa.. ;zH te;J apy;yNa..." ;rpl;Lj;jhd; ;gh vOe;J nfhs;thH. Neuj;Njhl h Nf.l;ghH. zhl fz; ;gp gLf;fpw k;G. mtd; j;jpl;lhd; pUf;FNk." chpkl;il piyfisg; w KOf;f fiyQ;rJ. gLj;jhd;." ,y;y. xU Rk;gapy;y. fhiyQ;R ;nfhz;Nl ljpwf;Fk; . tPl;Nlhl ;jpUe;jjhy;> uhzp Gif pj;jiuapy; ,Uf;Fk;. mg;ghtpd; ; Nfl;Fk;. k;gp. vd;d hl;bNah?" hrz;Nz... q;Nfhtd;" Fbuhg;gh.. ; Nghr;R..." J. mJTk; njz;lhy;
xz;Zk; gz;z KBahJ. vg;gbAk; gj;Jkzpf;F Nkyjhd; nkrpd; vtUk;" Vz;lhk;gp. eP fzgjpaz;zd;l nkrpDf;Fj;jhNd fhrfl;bdjhr; nrhd;dha;. me;jhs; fz;lgb epiwag;Nghpl;l fhRthq;fpg; Nghl;L ,z;ilf;F ehisf;F vz;L nrhy;Yw kdprdpy;iyNa... ehDk; mtHu nkrpdj;jhd; mQ;rp tUrkh Gbr;R tay;Ntiy ghf;fpwd;." "Xkz;Nz mtH ey;y kdprd;jhd;. vd;u Nghjhj fhyk; New;W tpijr;Rf;nfhz;bUe;j nkrpd;u " mf;ry;" cilQ;R Nghl;Ljhk;. mij ,dp mf;fiwg;gw;Wf;F nfhz;LNgha; thy;bq;gz;zpf;nfhz;L tu NeukhapLk;. mJjhd; ehd; nfhQ;rk; nts;sz;NzNa G+kpf;Fs; Nghdhy; tf;filas ntl;bf;fpl;b Maj;jgLj;jpwNeuk; nkrpDk; te;jpLk;. ",e;j fpoikf;Fs;s tpijr;R Kbr;rpuNtZnkz;L tl;lhid nrhy;ypg; Nghl;lhH." "Xk; Xk; gpwF Ke;jp tpijr;rtd;u taYf;Fs;s Kisfpsk;gpdh mtd;u taYf;Fs;shy nkrpd;nfhz;LNghf tplkhl;lhDfs;. vdf;F Nwhl;Nlhug; G+kp vd;wgbahy; ,e;jg; gpur;rpidNa fpilahJ..." vd;W nrhy;YthH mg;gh. mg;ghTf;F Nwhl;Nlhug; G+kp vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhs;tjpy; kpfg;nghpa re;Njhrk; ,Ue;jJ. nkapd;Nwhl;iltpl;L ,wq;fpfhy; itg;gJ mtH jdJ taYf;Fs;jhd;. jhd; thypg tajpy; fhLtise;J ntl;b> gpwF ehl;Lf;fl;il> NtH gpLq;fp fhzpahf;fpa fijfis kpf Rthu];akhfr; nrhy;YthH. jz;zpgha;r;Rk; NghNjh my;yJ cuk; vwpAk; NghNjh mg;ghTf;Fj; Jizahf ehd; NghtJz;L. mk;kh kj;jpahdk; NrhW rikr;rp
giw-2001 et
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gidNahiyg; ngl;bapy; Rlr;Rlg;Nghl;L ,Wf;fpf;nfhz;L fPhpkPd;fUthl;NlhL cUisf;fpoq;Fk; Nghl;L Fsk;G itr;rp kuts;spf; fpoq;Fk; jf;fhspAk; Nghl;L nrhjp itj;njLj;J> jghy; g];rpy; te;J ,wq;Fth. mk;khit fz;lJk; cuk; ms;spf;nfhLj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> mij mg;gpbNa tuk;gpy; itj;Jtpl;L Xbf;nrd;W Nrhw;Wg;ngl;bia J}f;fpf;nfhz;L te;J> taypd; eLtpy; epd;w Ntg;gkuepoypy; itj;Jtpl;L> mg;gpbNa taypd; kj;jpapy; Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Mw;wpy; iffhy; fOtp te;J mk;kh ghpkhw mg;ghTld; mkHe;J rhg;gpLk; NghJ Vw;gLk; re;Njhrk; ,Uf;Nf.. mijr; nrhy;y thHj;ijfNs ,y;iy. kfh mw;Gjkhd mDgtq;fs;... mjpfhiy Ntisapy; mg;ghtpd; filapy; xNu rj;jKk; re;jbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;. MNdfkhd l;uhf;lHfs;> tz;by;fs; vy;yhk; mthpd; filapy; te;J epd;W mg;gk; ,bag;gk; rhg;gpl;L> ghy;> Njj;jz;zp Fbj;J> gPb> RUl;L> ntj;jpiy ghf;F thq;fp tay;fl;Lf;F Ngha;f;nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghHfs;. tpbe;jTld; NtW xU RWRWg;G tPuabf;filapy; cUthFk;. mf;fiug;gw;wpypUe;J K];ypk; kPd; tpahghhpfnsy;yhk; irf;fpspy; ngl;bf;fl;bf; nfhz;Lk;> fhHfisthliff;F mkHj;jpf;nfhz;Lk; te;J NrHe;J tpLthHfs;. Nfhiuf;fsg;G Mw;wpy; gpbf;Fk; ,why;> kPd;> ez;L vd;why; Vfg;gl;l fpuhf;fp. vy;yhk; nkhj;jkhf thq;fpf;nfhz;L NghtJ ,e;j tpahghhpfspd; tof;fk;. ,dp tPl;Lj; Njhl;lk; nra;gtHfs; nfhz;LtUk; fha;fwpfs;> ntbf;fhuj; jk;gpaH Rl;Lf;nfhz;LtUk; khd; ,iwr;rp my;yJ kiu ,iwr;rp> FwtH thbapypUe;J tUk; fhl;Lg;gd;wp> cLk;G Nghd;w ,iwr;rp tif> ,dp Nfhkhhpj;Njd;> fQ;rpFbr;rhW> fUthL vd;W nghUl;fs;
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ngl;bapy; pf;nfhz;L f;fpoq;Fk; kuts;spf; l;L nrhjp ;rpy; te;J ;lJk; cuk; Ue;jhYk;> tj;Jtpl;L ;ngl;bia pd; eLtpy; j;Jtpl;L> ; kj;jpapy; py; iffhy; g;ghTld; J Vw;gLk; jr; nrhy;y w;Gjkhd gtq;fs;... ; mg;ghtpd; f ,Uf;Fk;. ;fs; vy;yhk; d;W mg;gk; ;zp Fbj;J> hf;F thq;fp Ug;ghHfs;. U RWRWg;G ; cUthFk;. ];ypk; kPd; l;bf;fl;bf; thliff;F tpLthHfs;. ,why;> kPd;> f;fp. vy;yhk; ghtJ ,e;j j; Njhl;lk; ; fha;fwpfs;> tUk; khd; wr;rp> FwtH d;wp> cLk;G hkhhpj;Njd;> nghUl;fs;
te;J rq;fkkhFk; ,lk;jhd; mg;ghtpd; tPuabf;fil. fhiyapy; mk;kh filiag; nghWg;Ngw;wTld; mg;gh jdJ nfhkprd; tpahghuj;jpy; ,wq;fptpLthH. ChpYs;s Fwpg;gpl;l njhopyhsHfSf;F Kw;gzk; nfhLj;J itj;jpUg;ghH. mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J thq;fp mg;gbNa K];ypk; tpahghhpfSf;F ifkhwptpLthH. midj;J tpahghhpfSk; uhrz;zd; vd;W mthpy; khpahijAk;> kjpg;Gk; itj;jpUe;jhHfs;... mt;tsT gpugy;akhd me;j tPuabf;fil> ehd; ,d;W fhiyapy; te;J ,wq;fpa NghJ ,Ue;j,lk;> milahsk; vJTNk njhpatpy;iy. tPukuKk; ,y;iy. mq;F filAkpy;iy... Nghhpd; mdHj;jj;jpdhy;> mtHfs; vhpj;Jr; rhk;gyhf;fptpl;lhHfshk;. me;j mjpHr;rp jhq;fhky; jhd; mg;gh gLf;ifapy; tpOe;J> gpd;G capiu tpl;ltH. ,g;NghJ vd; mk;kh... mg;ghtpd; %r;R ,Uf;Fk;tiuf;Fk;> mk;kh cWjpahf ,Ue;jh. mtUf;Fg; gpwF mt kpfTk; cilQ;RNgha; ,d;W vy;NyhiuAk; tpl;Lr; nrd;W mg;ghTld; NrHe;Jnfhz;lhH. ,g;NghJ ehd; mtHfs; ,UtiuAk; xd;whfNt ghhf;fpNwd;. vd;idr; Rw;Wr; Rw;wp te;j mk;khtpd; MtpAld;> ,g;NghJ mg;ghTk; NrHe;Jnfhz;lhH. ,UtUk; vd; Kfthia gpbj;J> njhl;pLf; nfhQ;RtJ Nghy; xU gpuik vdf;F... "khkh! khkh! vOk;Gq;Nfh.. vOk;gp thayk;gpl;L Nfhg;gp FbAq;Nfh" vd;W kUkfs; kyHtpop vOg;Gk; rj;jk; Nfl;Lj;jhd; fz;tpopj;Jf;nfhz;Nld;. mj;NjhL mk;khtpd; vl;lhQ;rlq;F Kbe;jTld; ehd; yz;ld; jpUk;gpahf Ntz;Lk; vd;w fl;lhaj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ jhd; vd; neQ;ir neULfpwJ.... -NfhtpY}H nry;tuh[d;- -NfhtpY}H nry;tuh[d;- -NfhtpY}H nry;tuh[d;- -NfhtpY}H nry;tuh[d;- -NfhtpY}H nry;tuh[d;-
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rpwpa kyuha; tphpe;J kyUk; vd; kfSf;F vg;gbf; fhl;LNtd; ,e;j cyif khRkWtw;w gr;irf; Foe;ij fhw;iw vy;yhk; njd;wnyd;nwz;zp fw;gidapy; rQ;rhpj;J xypnay;yhk; rq;fPjnkd tho;it ,dpjhfNt fhzj;njhpe;j fd;Wf;Fl;b vd; rpWngz; tho;tpd; KOikf;F ngz;Foe;ij Ntz;Lnkd;W Nguthf; nfhz;bUe;j vd; jha;ik gpwe;j ehs; Kjyha; ,sQ;rptg;G tHzj;jpy; rl;ilijj;J nghl;L itj;J fhJFj;jp ngz;zha; mtis epidj;j vd; jha;ik .... ngz;nzd;W gpwe;jjw;fha; ngUikg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;W fdTfspy; epidj;jpUe;j vd; jha;ik .... rpwnfhbf;fg;gl;l xU xw;iwj; Jk;gpaha; jpifj;J Ngha; kpuz;L fplf;fpwJ tf;fpuk; epiwe;j tpyq;FzHtpd; F&uk; epiwe;j faikapd; Kd;dhy; rpjwpg; Nghapw;W rpy;yk; gy;ykhf rpjwpg; Nghapw;W vd kfSf;F vg;gbf; fhl;LNtd; ,e;j cyif ..... %d;W tajpDk; ghy; KiyaUe;Jk; gtsthw;f; FUj;Jf;fs; nfhQ;rp Fytp epyhf; fhl;lr; rphpf;Fk; rpd;d tajpYk; Mz; Fwpfshy; Jisf;fg;gLtij vg;gbf; fhl;LNtd;
mf;fpdpf; FQ;rha; capHj;njO!
('%d;whtJ kdpjd;' ntspapl;l vy;iy flj;jy; vD
32
MirAld; n
Mz;F
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ij
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vy;iy flj;jy; vDk; mt;i tapd; njhFjpapypUe;J)
ms;sp mizf;fpd;w mg;ghNth MirAld; nfhQ;Rfpd;w khkhNth MapDk; mb tapw;wpy; JisapLk; Mz;FwpaHfshfpf; Ngha;tplf; $ba ,e;j cyif vg;gbf; fhl;LNtd;
#oTs;s cyfk; KOtJk; tpiwj;Jg;Nghd Mz;Fwpfsha; mr;rk; jUtij vg;gbj; jtpHg;Ngd;
fhw;nwy;yhk; njd;wnyd;Wk; xypnay;yhk; fPjnkd;Wk; vz;zpagb rpwFfis mfy tphpj;J rpwfbf;f KbahJ vd; ngz;Nz nte;J Gz;zha; typnaLf;Fk; ,jaj;Jld; tho;jYk; KbahJ vO ! cs;Ns mdyha; vhpe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; G+kpapd; tbtha; tphpj;njO nghl;Lk; gpwTk; myq;fhpf;Fk; NkdpaoF cd; mofy;y ntwpAk; jpkpUk; mtHfSf;fha; kyul;Lk; ! mjpfhuKk; cile;J rpjw vOe;J epy; cd;id kPwpa ve;jf; FwpAk; -cdJ cliy jPz;lhjthW mf;fpdpf; FQ;rha; capHj;njO ,e;j cyfpd; ngz;ik tbtk; ,Jntd;nwOJ
giw-2001 et
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giw-2001 et
Nuhrh
m
jpHe;jJ mnkupf;f
nghUshjhu ikak;. c jpl;lkpLk; jiyikafKk jiyikafKkhd ngd;lf gytw;iwj; jhz;bj; jfHj jkf;F mbgzpahj; jiyt tUk;> mnkupfj; jiyikN xope;jJ.
kpff; fr;rpjkhd jpl;l jhf;Fjy; xUq;fpizg jiukl;lkhf;fg;gl;l nghU cyfg; Gul;rpiaj; jLj;J epW nfhz;l Vfhjpgj;jpa m fpilj;jJ kuz mb.
nghUj;jkhd ehspy;> cy ghujpapd; epidTehspy;> c murpd; kPJ tpOe;j nghwpg gue;J jk; mbg;gil c nfhz;bUf;Fk; kf;fSf;F x kPJ fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; ve jfHe;J jtpLnghbahfNt cz;ik cyfpYs;s xt epjHrdkhfpaJ> ep[khfpa ,yz;ld; Mfl;Lk;> Nlhf;f
m
jpHe;jJ mnkupf;f thd;ntsp. Gije;jJ cyfg;
ghUshjhu ikak;. cyf Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fisj; l;lkpLk; jiyikafKk;> mnkupf;f ,uhZtj;jpd; yikafKkhd ngd;lfd; ghJfhg;Gf; Nfhl;ilfs; tw;iwj; jhz;bj; jfHj;Jj; jiukl;lkhf;fg;gl;lJ. f;F mbgzpahj; jiytHfis Ntl;ilahl Kad;W Uk;> mnkupfj; jiyikNah ghJfhg;gplk; Njb Xb ope;jJ.
kpff; fr;rpjkhd jpl;lkply;. tpag;Gw itf;Fk; hf;Fjy; xUq;fpizg;G. gprfpd;wpj; jhf;fpj; ukl;lkhf;fg;gl;l nghUshjhu> ,uhZt ,yf;Ffs;. yfg; Gul;rpiaj; jLj;J epWj;jp tpl;Nlhk; vd khHjl;bf; fhz;l Vfhjpgj;jpa mur gaq;futhjpfSf;Ff; ilj;jJ kuz mb.
nghUj;jkhd ehspy;> cyfg; Gul;rpiaf; fdhf; fz;l> ujpapd; epidTehspy;> cyfg; gaq;futhj jiyik urpd; kPJ tpOe;j nghwpgwf;Fk; ,t;tbahdJ> mfpyk; e;J jk; mbg;gil cupikfSf;fhfg; Nghuhbf; hz;bUf;Fk; kf;fSf;F xU xsp tPr;rhFk;. mePjpapd; PJ fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; ve;j NfhGuq;fSk; khlq;fSk; He;J jtpLnghbahfNt tpjpf;fg;gl;lit vd;w z;ik cyfpYs;s xt;nthUtupd; fz; Kd;Nd jHrdkhfpaJ> ep[khfpaJ! epA+NahHf; Mfl;Lk;> yz;ld; Mfl;Lk;> Nlhf;fpNah Mfl;Lk;> nfhOk;gpd;
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,jag; gFjpahfl;Lk;. tpidAk; xd;Nw tpisgaDk; xd;Nw.
tpae;jdH> mlf;fpnahLf;fg;gl;l Njrq;fSk; kf;fSk;! MapDk; mk; kdq;fspNyh mq;F kuzpj;j kf;fSf;fhd Nrhf epidTfs;> xU Xukha;! kuzq;fspd; mtyj;ij ,og;Gf;fspd; Nrhfj;ij> jpdk; jpdk; mDgtpf;Fk; ehk; mwpNahNkh mt;mnkupf;f kf;fspd; Nrhfj;ij! mnkupf;f murpd; tuyhw;Wf; nfhLikapdhy; tpise;j jtpHf;f Kbah tpidf;F mk; kf;fs; nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUe;j ghupa tpiyf;fhf cyf kdpj Nea rf;jpfSld; ,ize;J ek; kdq;fSk; frpfpd;wd.
Mf;fpukpg;ghsHfNs! cq;fs; Njhy;tpfisAk; mtkhdq;fisAk;
34
kiwf;Fk; N Nehf;fq;f Njrq;fisA ,jid t cq;fSf;Fk tpiyfis nfhLf;f Nt nrg;nuk;gH tpf;Fk;. v apiof;Fk thjj;jpd;> klq;F mW
Nkw;F muRfspd; tpisTfN gy;NtW m ,uh[je;j Clfj;Ji
rhj;jhd;fSf;F vjpuhd kPl;gH
mnkhpf;fhtpd; [dhjpgjpahf nuhd rkak;. ed;F tsHe;j jhbAld; $ba [dhjpgjp khspifahd nts;is khspi me;j ,isQHfs; jiyapy; jiyg;ghi ghHg;gjw;Fr; nrd;w E}w;whz;bd; fw;fhy Njhw;wkspj;jhHfs;.
nts;is khspifapy; mtHfis t Ngr;RthHj;ij elj;jpa gpwF mtHfsJ i ,Ue;jd. mnkhpf;fhitf; fz;Lgpbj;j ek xg;ghdtHfs; ,tHfs;. Mg;fhdp];j gilapdH ,tHfs; vd;W ghuhl;Lg; 'rhj;jhd;fspd;" rhk;uh[;akhd Nrhtpaj mtHfs; Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j fhyk; m ,d;W me;j rHtNjr ghjhs cyf N NfbfSkhd mnkhpf;fh jiyikapyhd N Nghuhl ntspf;fpl;bUg;gtHfs; ahH? md;W cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ltHfs; ,d;W ahUf Vd; MdhHfs;? md;iwa Nkirah gaq;futhjpfshdJ vg;gb?
kiwf;Fk; Ak; xd;Nw
Nehf;fpy;> cq;fs; Mf;fpukpg;G Nehf;fq;fis vjpHj;J epw;Fk; f;fg;gl;l pDk; mk; kuzpj;j Tfs;> xU tyj;ij dk; jpdk; pNahNkh rhfj;ij! uyhw;Wf; jtpHf;f
Njrq;fisAk; kf;fisAk; Ntl;ilahl ,jid tha;g;ghf KidgtHfNs! cq;fSf;Fk; xU vr;rupf;if! mjw;fhd tpiyfis kWgbAk; kWgbAk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk; vd;gij ,e;j nrg;nuk;gH 11 kPsTk; kPsTk; mwp- tpf;Fk;. vy;iy jhz;bf; nfhLik- apiof;Fk; Vfhjpgj;jpa gaq;fu- thjj;jpd;> tpijg;Gf;fSf;fhd gd;- klq;F mWtiljhd; ,J!
Nkw;F ehl;L kf;fNs> cq;fs; ; nfhLf;f ;fhf cyf
muRfspd; jhq;fKbahf; nfhLikfspd; ze;J ek;
tpisTfNs ,J. cq;fs; muRfspd; gy;NtW mehfupf Aj;j KiwfSf;Fk;>
q;fisAk; cq;fs;
,uh[je;jpu Clfj;Jiwg; fglj;jdq;fSf;Fk; gaq;futhjq;fspw;Fk;
;jhd;fSf;F vjpuhd kPl;gHfs;....?
dhjpgjpahf nuhdhy;l; Nufd; ,Ue;j ;j jhbAld; $ba ,isQHfis mtH hd nts;is khspifapNyNa re;jpj;jhH. iyapy; jiyg;ghif fl;bapUe;jhHfs;. E}w;whz;bd; fw;fhy kdpjHfisg; Nghyj;
fapy; mtHfis tuNtw;W cgrhpj;Jg; pa gpwF mtHfsJ iffspy; Jg;ghf;fpfs; itf; fz;Lgpbj;j ekJ %jhijahHfSf;F Hfs;. Mg;fhdp];jhdpd; K`h[pjPd; ; vd;W ghuhl;Lg; gj;jpuk; thrpj;jhH.. ;uh[;akhd Nrhtpaj; A+dpaid vjpHj;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyk; mJ.
Njr ghjhs cyf Nfh];bfSk;> cyff; f;fh jiyikapyhd Nkw;Fyif vjpHj;Jg; Ug;gtHfs; ahH? md;W fk;A+dprj;ij xopf;f ;ltHfs; ,d;W ahUf;nfjpuhf MdhHfs;? d;iwa Nkirahf;fs; ,d;W cyf vg;gb?
giw-2001 et
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fl;Lehaf fpilj;j nghUj;jkhd etPd gjpybjhd; ,J. mnkupf;fhtpd; G+HtPff; Fbfis
njUf;fspY nfhd;nwhopj;J cq;fs; Kd;NdhHfs;
nygdhdpY fl;bnaOg;gpa "ehfuPf muR"f;Ff;
cyf gaq fpilj;j kwf;f Kbahg; ghlNk ,J.
gytw;wpYk Mgpupf;f kf;fis md;W mbikfshf;-
vLj;Jf; fh fpr; nra;j nfhLikfSf;F nfhLj;j tpiyjhd; ,J. ,d;W> %d;whk; cyf kf;fshfpa vk;kPJ tpupj;j xLf;FKiwf; fuq;fspd; gjpy; tpisNt ,J.
xLf;Fk spdJk; E tpQ;rpa c Fs;shFk; mf;fpukf;fhuHfNs> cq;fs; kPJ
jhd; ,Ug epfo;j;jg;gl;l ,e;j cyf rhjidia
vd;djhd ehfuPfkw;w nray; vd;W vj;jidjhd;
Kad;whYk ePq;fs; $r;rypl;lhYk;> cq;fs; nfh^u
mtHfisj tuyhw;iw cyf kf;fs; mwptH. md;Wk;
fhuzNk ,d;Wk; ePq;fs; elhj;Jk; murpay;
,e;j Gjpa gpj;jyhl;lq;fisAk;> epjp
rkepiyia NkhrbfisAk;> ,uhZtf;
gaq;futhj nfhLikfisAk; mwptH. mikjp
gpwe;j Gj G+j;Jf;fple;j Njrq;fSf;F ,ilapy;>
Ntnwd;d? Aj;jq;fisj; Jhz;btpl;L MAq;fis tpw;W> Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fisf; nfhd;W Ftpf;ff; fhuzkhFk; cq;fs; ehfuPfk; gw;wp> mlf;fg;gl;L tUk; kf;fshfpa ehk; ed;F mwpNthk;. xNu ehspy; xU ,yl;rk; capHfis tpQ;Qhd topKiwfsh- fl;Lk;> cd;dj Nghuhspfspd; capuhAjq;fSf;F Kd; mit JhR.
mit tjw;F fh sHfspd; nfhLikfS Uf;Fk; kf Rf;fisN njUf;fspd njhiyf;f ek;gpf;if vd;gijg;
vq;Nfh Mgpupf;f cq;fis v Aq;fis kf;fisf; k; cq;fs; ;L tUk; thk;. xNu s rpNahdprj; njUf;fspYk; ,uhZt ikaq;fspYk;> nygdhdpYk;> Nakd; Jiw Kfj;jpYk; cyf gaq;futhjj;jpd; ikaq;fs; gytw;wpYk; ,e;j cz;ik Jy;ypakhf vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
xLf;Fk; %isfspdJk; ,ae;jpuq;f- spdJk; Ez;zpa topKiwfis tpQ;rpa cj;jpfis xLf;FKiwf;- Fs;shFk; kf;fs; cUthf;fpf; nfhz;L jhd; ,Ug;gH. xLf;FKiwahsHfs; vd;djhd; jk;ikg; ghJfhf;f Kad;whYk;> capHfis mHg;gzpj;J mtHfisj; jfHf;Fk; rf;jpfs; cUthff; fhuzNk mf; nfhLq;NfhyHfs;jhd;. ,e;j Gjpa NghH khHf;fk; vd;gJ cyf rkepiyia Mjpf;f muRfs; mur gaq;futhjj;jpdhy; rpijj;jikapdhy; gpwe;j Gjpa tif cj;jpNa jtpu Ntnwd;d?
mit kq;fhj; jhf;Ftypik ngW- tjw;F fhuzq;fs; xLf;FKiwah- sHfspd; nfhLikfs;jhd;. ,f; nfhLikfSf;F cl;gl;Lf; nfhz;b- Uf;Fk; kf;fspd; MRthrg; ngU%r;- Rf;fisNa %d;whk; cyfj;jpd; njUf;fspd; fz;BHfs;! jkJ Jd;gk; njhiyf;f VNjDk; nra;ag;gLk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapd; MRthrNk mJ vd;gijg; Gupe;J nfhs;tPH!
vq;Nfh ,Uf;Fk; MrpaHfSk;> Mgpupf;fHfSk;> muhgpaHfSk; cq;fis vjpupfshff; nfhz;L jk;KapH ;futhjj;ij cUthf;fpaJ
hjkd;wp NtnwJTkpy;iy"
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nghUshjhu> ,uhZtj; jiytHfspd; mur gaq;futhj;jpdhy;jhd;. mij kiwf;f mj; jiytHfSk; Vd; mq;- Fs;s kf;fSk; $l NghuhspfSf;Fr; #l;Lfpd;wPHfs; mg; gaq;futhjg; gl;lj;ij! mjpetPd> mjpMw;wy; kpf;f mjp gaq;fu vjpupAld; nghUj> ePq;fs; $Wk; kdpjg;gz;Gg; NghHKiwf;fhff; fhj;jpUg;- gJ Nghuhspfisg; nghwpf;- Fs; tPo;j;Jk; rhzf;fpaNk.
Mf;fpukpg;G muRfspd; gpuirfNs> cq;fsJ mf;fpuk muRfs; vq;fisg; gpope;J ngw;w gyhgyd;fspy; xU $iwj;jhd; ePq;fSk; mDgtpj;J tUfpd;wPHfs;! ,g;NghJ cq;fs; muRfSk; Kd;NdhHfSk; tpijj;j xLf;FKiwf- spdJ tpistpd; gyhgyd;fspd; ,d;ndhU gz;igj;jhd; ,g;NghJ vjpHnfhz;Ls;sPHfs;. cq;fs; Jd;gj;ij czHf;fpd;Nwhk;. vq;fs; kPjhd nfh^uq;fis ePq;fs; czHe;jJz;lh? mt;tsT njhlHG ck; Jauq;fSf;Fk; vk; Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk; cs;sJ. ,jidg; Gupe;jPHfs; vdpy;> vjpHfhyj;ij khw;wpaikf;f ePq;fSk; Kd;tuNtz;bapUg;gij czHtPHfs;. Mk;> khw;wk;> mbg;gil khw;wk; Ntz;Lk;! midtuplKk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;. mJ midtUf;Fkhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jg; NghHKiw je;j mjpHtpd; cs
36
mjpHr;rp c khj;jpuky;y FKiwahs NfhGuq;fi fisAk; m
ghUq;fs mtHfis gbg;gpida epd;W epi yhfl;Lk;. FUjpiag; fl;b> cyf vd;nwd;iw fdtpy; kp ,J xU K cyfka mj;jpaha jpUg;gk;. x tpl;lhHfs ,j;jhf;Fjy sHfs; jq;f Ntz;ba cs;shFgt gy topfs fhyk;. cy ,JNthH mj;jifa
ytHfspd; d;. mij Vd; mq;- spfSf;Fr; ;futhjg;
;FKiwf- yd;fspd; ,g;NghJ ; Jd;gj;ij ; kPjhd e;jJz;lh? hf;FjYf;F ;F xg;Gjy; vz;zpg; q;fSf;Fk; ; vt;tsT hlHG ck; puj;jpw;Fk; s; vdpy;> ePq;fSk; HtPHfs;. l khw;wk; k; Vw;gl ;Fkhdjhf
pHtpd; cs
mjpHr;rp cq;fs; muRj; jiytHfSf;F khj;jpuky;y. cyfpYs;s vy;yh xLf;- FKiwahsHfSf;Fk; $l xU Ngub. NfhGuq;fisAk; ghJfhg;Gf; Nfhl;il- fisAk; mtHfs; fhyp nra;tijg;
ghUq;fs;. nfhbatHfSf;Fk; mtHfis Mjupj;J epw;NghUf;F ,J gbg;gpidahfl;Lk;. tuyhW KOtJk; epd;W epiyf;Fk; kuz mr;RWj;j- yhfl;Lk;. Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kf;fspd; FUjpiag; gpope;J thDaH NfhGuq;fs; fl;b> cyf kf;fisj; jk; fhybapy; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; fPo;g;gLj;jyhk; vd;w fdtpy; kpjf;Fk; Mjpf;f rf;jpfSf;F ,J xU Kbthd vr;rupf;ifahfl;Lk;.
cyfkakhf;fypy; ,J XU Gjpa mj;jpahak;. tuyhw;wpy; xU Gjpa jpUg;gk;. xLf;FKiwahsHfs; ntd;W tpl;lhHfs; vd;gij epiykWj;jJ ,j;jhf;Fjy;. ,dp> cyf xLf;FKiwah- sHfs; jq;fs; epiyfis kPsf; fzf;fpl Ntz;ba fhyk;. xLf;FKiwf;F cs;shFgtHfSf;F ,d;Dk; Nghuhl gy topfs; cs;sd vd;W epWtg;gl;l fhyk;. cyf kf;fspd; tpLjiyf;F ,JNthH Gjpa mj;jpthuk;. Mk;! mj;jifa xU fhyj;ij vkf;Fj;
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vy;iy je;jtHfNs ,j;jhf;Fjiy Nkw;nfhz;l
, Nghuhspfs;! mtHfSf;F ek;
Jbg;Gk; v mQ;rypfs; vd;Wk;!
vjpHghHg;Gk X Kfkwpahg; NghuhspfNs! cd;djkhd tPuH;fNs! cyfk; epiyf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; cq;fs; epidTfshy; kdpjFyk; rpypHf;Fk;. cynfq;Fk; mlf;fpnahLf;fg;gLk; kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; ePq;fs;. cyf mur gaq;futhjpfshfpa Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fshy; nfhd;nwhopf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; cd;dj jiytHfs; ePq;fs;. cq;fs; topapy; xt;nthU rpd;dQ;rpwpa NjrKk;> tPW nfhz;l mjd; xt;nthU capUk; cyf tpLjiy vd;w cq;fs; ,yl;rpaq;fis
czHTfS xd;Nw! cr;rhzpa vd;nwd;i FJhfypj;J ePq;fs; MW ,Wjptiu capHfs; tpj;Jf;fsh epr;rak; tpU fdTfis epiwNtw;W mila epr;rak;> jk; gq;fhw;Wk;.
Mdhy cq;fSf;F nkhopapy;iy. ehL ,y;iy.
njhlf;fk;!
K];ypk; vjpHg;G k
epANahHf; jhf;Fjiy mLj;J vOe;j K mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; Nkw;Fyfpy; mg;ghtp K];ypk;fS #iwahly;fs;> fytuq;fs;> nfhiyfs; vd el Nkw;FyF Clfq;fs; %bkiwj;jtz;z epahag;gLj;Jfpd;w Nghf;F gy Vida r%fj;j ,yq;ifapy; rpq;fsg; gj;jphpiffs; mnkhpf;f rhHG mg;gl;lkhff; fhz Kbe;jJ. mJ NghyNt jkp vjpHg;Gk;> ntWg;Gk; gug;gg;gl;lijf; fhz K Vw;nfdNt K];ypk;fSf;nfjpuhf ,Uf;Fk; I cs;thq;fpaJ kl;Lky;y ,jw;fhd fhuzk ,yq;ifapypUe;Nj jkpoHfsplj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;j K GidTfSk; fhuzk; vd;gJ mg;gl;lkhd cz fz;%bj;jdkhd mnkhpf;fh rhHG epiynaLf czHTfis fhf;fTk; trjpahf ,Ue;jij mtjhd K];ypk;fisf; nfhd;Wk;> tpul;bAk; nra;j ,k;irf jkpo; Njrg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; kPJ gaq;futhj Kj;j vjphpahd mnkhpf;fhTf;F tf;fhsj;J thq;F ,dpahtJ ,jid Ghpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;.
giw-2001 et
w;nfhz;l f;F ek;
hspfNs! ; epiyf;Fk; Tfshy; ynfq;Fk; kf;fspd; yf mur paq;fshy; d; cd;dj ; topapy; rKk;> tPW pUk; cyf ;rpaq;fis q;fhw;Wk;. L ,y;iy.
vy;iy ,y;iy! MdhYk; cq;fs; Jbg;Gk; vq;fs; Jbg;Gk;> cq;fs; vjpHghHg;Gk; vq;fs; vjpHghHg;Gk;> cq;fs; czHTfSk; vq;fs; czHTfSk; xd;Nw! Gul;rpfu tuyhW jd; cr;rhzpapy; cq;fis itj;J vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; Nghw;wpg; GfOk; FJhfypj;Jf; nfhz;lhLk;. NjhoHfNs! ePq;fs; MWq;fs;. cq;fs; vz;zq;fis ,Wjptiu epiwNtw;Wk; gy;yhapuk; capHfs; cUthf ePq;fs; tpj;Jf;fshdPHfs;. mJ tsHe;J tpupe;J epr;rak; tpUj;jp ngWk;. mtHfs;> cq;fs; fdTfisAk; vq;fs; fdTfisAk; epiwNtw;WtH!
Mdhy;> ,J Kbty;y. Gjpa njhlf;fk;!
; vjpHg;G kdepiy...!
iy mLj;J vOe;j K];ypk; vjpHg;G vd;gJ yfpy; mg;ghtp K];ypk;fSf;nfjpuhd jhf;Fjy;fs;> ;fs;> nfhiyfs; vd ele;Jnfhz;bUe;jij gy s; %bkiwj;jtz;zkpUe;jd. ,jid f;F gy Vida r%fj;jtHfsplKk; epfo;e;jd. ;jphpiffs; mnkhpf;f rhHG epiyia filgpbj;jij e;jJ. mJ NghyNt jkpoHfsplj;jpYk; K];ypk; ug;gg;gl;lijf; fhz Kbe;jJ. ntspehLfspy; f;nfjpuhf ,Uf;Fk; IjPfq;fis mg;gbNa y;y ,jw;fhd fhuzk;. khwhf Vw;nfdNt Hfsplj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;j K];ypk;fs; Fwpj;j gioa d;gJ mg;gl;lkhd cz;ik. ,J xU Gwj;jpy; hpf;fh rhHG epiynaLf;fTk;> K];ypk; vjpHg;G jpahf ,Ue;jij mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ. Vw;nfdNt ;> tpul;bAk; nra;j ,k;irfis rhpfl;lhj epiyapy;> pd; kPJ gaq;futhj Kj;jpiu Fj;Jfpd;w rHtNjr f;F tf;fhsj;J thq;Ftij vd;dntd;gJ. nfhs;Nthk;.
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mnkhpf;f Mf;fpukpg;Gj; ji
xU E}w;whz;Lg; gjpT xU E}w;whz;Lfhy mnkhpf;f jiyaPL g Mq;fpyj;jpy; njhFj;jtH Zoltan Grossm cj;jpNahfG+Ht Mtzq;fs;> kw;Wk; mnkhpf;f E}y;fs; fl;Liufs; vd;gtw;wpypue;J njhFf xU khHf;rpa ,izaj;jsnkhd;wpypUe;J n ,lk; fhyk; gil Fwpg;G njd; jNfhj;jh 1890-? JUg;Gfs; 300 yNfhl;lh ,e;jpa MH[d;Bdh 1890 JUg;Gfs; rpyp 1891 JUg;Gfs; fg;gy;fs; Njrg;Ngh i`l;b 1891 JUg;Gfs; fUg;gpd njhopyhs ,jhNfh 1892 JUg;Gfs; Ruq;fj; njhopyhs `tha; 1893-? flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; Rje;jpu Kbahl;rpi rpfhNfh 1894 JUg;Gfs; uapy; Nghuhl;lj;ij epfhuFth 1894 JUg;Gfs; xU khjfhy Mf;fp rPdh 1894-1895 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; rPd> [g;ghdpag; Ng nfhhpah 1894-1896 JUg;Gfs; Nghhpd; NghJ flw;g gdhkh 1895 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; fg;gy;fs; nfhyk;g epfhuFth 1896 JUg;Gfs; nfhhpd;Nlh JiwK rPdh 1898-1900 JUg;Gfs; me;epa ,uhZtj;J gpypg;igd;]; 1898-1910 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs;
];ngapdplkpUe;J M fpAgh 1892-1902? flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; ];ngapdplk; ,Ue;J NghHNlh hpNfh 1898 (-?) flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; ];ngapdplk; ,Ue;J Fthk; 1898 (-?) flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; ];ngapdplk; ,Ue;J kpd;dNrhl;lh 1898 (-?) JUg;Gfs; rpg;gNtth vDk; , epfhuFth 1898 JUg;Gfs; rhd; [_thd; nly rhNkhth 1899 (-?) JUg;Gfs; Nghhpd; %yk; Kba epfhuFth 1899 JUg;Gfs; NghH fg;gy;fs; G@ ,lhNfh 1899-1901 JUg;Gfs; gilfs; Ruq;f gpuN xf;Nyh`hkh 1901 JUg;Gfs; fphPf; ,e;jpaHfspd; gdhkh 1901-14 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; fhy;tha; tyaj;jpy n`hd;Luh]; 1903 JUg;Gfs; NghHf;fg;gy;fs; fps nlhkpdpf;fd; FbauR 1903-1904 JUg;Gfs; mnkhpf;f eyd;fs; nfhhpah 1904-1905 JUg;Gfs; u];a> [g;ghdpa Ng fpAgh 1906-1909 JUg;Gfs; [dehafj; NjHjyp
38
pf;f Mf;fpukpg;Gj; jiyaPL U E}w;whz;Lg; gjpT
nkhpf;f jiyaPL gw;wpa ,e;j juTfis j;jtH Zoltan Grossman. mnkhpf;fhtpd; ;fs;> kw;Wk; mnkhpf;fh gw;wp gyUk; vOjpa ;gtw;wpypue;J njhFf;fg;gl;l ,e;j juTfs; ;jsnkhd;wpypUe;J ngwg;gl;ljhFk;.
Fwpg;G ;Gfs; 300 yNfhl;lh ,e;jpaHfs; NgH gLnfhiy ;Gfs; ;Gfs; fg;gy;fs; Njrg;NghuhspfSld; Nkhjy; ;Gfs; fUg;gpd njhopyhsHfsdp; vOr;rpia xLf;Fjy; ;Gfs; Ruq;fj; njhopyhsHfis xLf;Fjy; ;gil> JUg;Gfs; Rje;jpu Kbahl;rpia ftpo;j;jy;
;Gfs; uapy; Nghuhl;lj;ij xLf;f> 34 NgH gLnfhiy ;Gfs; xU khjfhy Mf;fpukpg;G ;gil> JUg;Gfs; rPd> [g;ghdpag; Nghhpy; flw;gil mr;RWj;jy;
;Gfs; Nghhpd; NghJ flw;gilfs; Nrhy; efiuf; ifg;gw;wy; ;gil> JUg;Gfs; fg;gy;fs; nfhyk;gpa khepyj;jpy; jhpj;jy;
;Gfs; nfhhpd;Nlh JiwKfj;jpy; fg;gy;fs; jhpj;jy; ;Gfs; me;epa ,uhZtj;Jld; NkhjpdH ;gil> JUg;Gfs;
];ngapdplkpUe;J Mf;fpukpj;jjpy; 6 yl;rk; gpypigd; kf;fs; gLnfhiy ;gil> JUg;Gfs; ];ngapdplk; ,Ue;J ifg;gw;wp flw;gil jsj;ij mikj;jy; ;gil> JUg;Gfs; ];ngapdplk; ,Ue;J ifg;gw;wy;> Mf;fpukpg;G njhlHfpwJ ;gil> JUg;Gfs; ];ngapdplk; ,Ue;J ifg;gw;wp flw;gil jskhf gad;gLj;jy;
;Gfs; rpg;gNtth vDk; ,lj;jpy; gilapdH rkH ;Gfs; rhd; [_thd; nly; #H JiwKfj;jpy; flw;gil mr;RWj;jy; ;Gfs; Nghhpd; %yk; Kbahl;rpia ifg;gw;wy; ;Gfs; NghH fg;gy;fs; G@gPy;l; JiwKfj;jpy; mr;RWj;jy; ;Gfs; gilfs; Ruq;f gpuNjrq;fis ifg;gw;wy; ;Gfs; fphPf; ,e;jpaHfspd; fpsHr;rpia eRf;Fjy; ;gil> JUg;Gfs; fhy;tha; tyaj;jpy; rkH
;Gfs; NghHf;fg;gy;fs; fpsHr;rpia Mf;fpukpj;jy; ;Gfs; mnkhpf;f eyd;fs; fpsHr;rpia ghJfhj;jy; ;Gfs; u];a> [g;ghdpa Nghhpd; NghJ NghHfg;gy;fs; mr;RWj;jy; ;Gfs; [dehafj; NjHjypd; NghJ NghHf;fg;gy;fs; mr;RWj;jy;
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epfhuFth 1907 JUg;Gfs; fpsHr;rpf;F rjp nr n`hd;^uh]; 1907 JUg;Gfs; epfhuFthNthL Ngh gdhkh 1908 JUg;Gfs; NghHf;fg;gy;fs; Nj epfhuFth 1910 JUg;Gfs; NgHf;fg;gy;fs; G@ n`hd;^uh]; 1911 JUg;Gfs; rptpy; Aj;jj;ij eR rPdh 1911-41 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; njhlHr;rpahf Mf;f fpAgh 1912 JUg;Gfs; `thdhit fl;Lg;g gdhkh 1912 JUg;Gfs; #lhd NjHjypd; N n`hd;^uh]; 1912 JUg;Gfs; NghHf;fg;gy;fs; m epfhuFth 1912-1933 JUg;Gfs;> Fz;LtPr;R 20 tUl Mf;fpukpg;G nkf;rpNfh 1913 flw;gil fpsHr;rpapd;NghJ m nlhkpdpf;fd; FbauR 1914 flw;gil rhe;Njh nlhkpq;Nfh nfhyuhNlh 1914 JUg;Gfs;
gilapduhy; Ruq;f nkf;rpf;Nfh 1914-1918 flw;gil>JUg;Gfs; cs;@H Gul;rpapd; i`l;b 1914-1934 JUg;Gfs;> Fz;LtPr;R fpsHr;rpapd; gpd; 1 nlhkpdpf;fd; FbauR 1916-1924 JUg;Gfs; 8 tUlq;fshf flw fpAgh 1917-1933 JUg;Gfs; ,uhZt Mf;fpukpg;G cyfg; NghH-1 1917-1918 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; fg;gy;fs; %o;fbf;f u];ah 1918-1922 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; Ie;J ,lq;fSf;$l gdhkh 1918-1920 JUg;Gfs; NjHjypd; gpd; ngh ANfh];Nytpah 1919 JUg;Gfs; flw;gil mr;RWj;j n`hd;^uh]; 1919 JUg;Gfs; NjHjy; gpur;rhuq;f nfsjkhyh 1920 JUg;Gfs; ,U thu Mf;fpukpg Nkw;F NtH[pdpah 1920-1921 JUg;Gfs;> Fz;LtPr;R Ruq;fj;njhopyhHfS JUf;fp 1922 JUg;Gfs; Njrg;NghuhspfSl rPdh 1922-1927 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; Rw;wptisg;G n`hd;^uh]; 1924-1925 JUg;Gfs; NjHjy; rz;ilfsp gdhkh 1925 JUg;Gfs; Ruq;fg; nghJ Nti rPdh 1927-1934 JUg;Gfs; NgHf;fg;gy;fs; mr vy; ry;tNlhH 1932 flw;gil cs;SH Gul;rpia cyfg; NghH - 2 1941-1945 Kg;gilfs;> Fz;LtPr;R KjyhtJ mZ MA nlj;nuha;j; 1943 JUg;Gfs; fUg;gpd Nghuhspfi nfhhpd;Nlh gFjpapy; mr;RWj;jy; ;Gfs; rptpy; Aj;jj;ij eRf;f xj;Jioj;jy; ;gil> JUg;Gfs; njhlHr;rpahf Mf;fpukpg;G mr;RWj;jy;
;Gfs; `thdhit fl;Lg;gLj;jy; ;Gfs; #lhd NjHjypd; NghJ NghHfg;gy;fs; mr;RWj;jy; ;Gfs; NghHf;fg;gy;fs; mr;RWj;jy; ;Gfs;> Fz;LtPr;R 20 tUl Mf;fpukpg;Gk;> nfhpy;yhf;fSld; rkH ;gil fpsHr;rpapd;NghJ mnkhpf;fh Rw;wptisg;G ;gil rhe;Njh nlhkpq;Nfhtpy; NghuhspfSld; rkH
;Gfs;
gilapduhy; Ruq;fj;njhopyhsHfspd; Nghuhl;lj;ij Kwpabj;jy; ;gil>JUg;Gfs; cs;@H Gul;rpapd; kPJ njhlHr;rpahf jiyaPL
;Gfs;> Fz;LtPr;R fpsHr;rpapd; gpd; 19 tUl Mf;fpukpg;G ;Gfs; 8 tUlq;fshf flw;gil Mf;fpukpg;G ;Gfs; ,uhZt Mf;fpukpg;G> ;gil> JUg;Gfs; fg;gy;fs; %o;fbf;fg;gly;> n[Hkdpapy; rkH ;gil> JUg;Gfs; Ie;J ,lq;fSf;$lhf CLUtp Nghy;rptpf;FfSld; rkH
;Gfs; NjHjypd; gpd; nghyp]hH flikapy; ;Gfs; flw;gil mr;RWj;jy; ;Gfs; NjHjy; gpur;rhuq;fspy; NghH fg;gy;fs; jhpj;jy; ;Gfs; ,U thu Mf;fpukpg;G ;Gfs;> Fz;LtPr;R Ruq;fj;njhopyhHfSf;F vjpuhf Rw;wptisg;G ;Gfs; Njrg;NghuhspfSld; rkH ;gil> JUg;Gfs; Rw;wptisg;G
;Gfs; NjHjy; rz;ilfspy; ,U Kiw jiyaPL ;Gfs; Ruq;fg; nghJ NtiyepWj;jj;ij eRf;Fjy; ;Gfs; NgHf;fg;gy;fs; mr;RWj;jy; ;gil cs;SH Gul;rpia eRf;f NghHf;fg;gy;fs; mDg;gy; ilfs;> Fz;LtPr;R KjyhtJ mZ MAjg; Nghiu njhlf;fp itj;jy; ;Gfs; fUg;gpd Nghuhspfis gilapdH tPo;j;Jjy;
mZ MAj kpul;ly; ;gil mnkhpf;f tpkhdq;fis Rl;L tPo;j;j cj;juT MAj kpul;ly; Fz;LtPr;R gyj;ij fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;
cs;ehl;Lg;Nghhpy; tyJrhhpfis Neubahf topelj;jy;
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rPdh 1948-1949 JUg;Gfs; fk;A+dpr ntw;wpf;F n[Hkdp 1948 mZMAj kpul;ly; mZMAj Fz;L t gpypg;igd;]; 1948-1954 fl;lis eltbf;if NghuhspfSf;nfjpu NghHl;Nlh hpf;Nfh 1950 fl;lis eltbf;if tpLjiyg; Nghuhsp nfhhpah 1951-1953 ?gilfs;> Fz;LtPr;R mZMAj mr;RWj mZM vfpg;J 1956 JUg;Gfs; mZMAj mr;RWj nygdhd; 1958 flw;gil> JUg;Gfs; NghuhspfSf;F vj Fz;LtPr;R 1-2 kpy;ypad; kf;fs fpAgh 1961 fl;lis eltbf;if rP.I.V. topfhl;lypd n[Hkdp 1961 mZMAj mr;RWj;jy; ngHypd; RtH rHr;i fpAgh 1962 mZMAj mr;RWj;jy; flw;gilapd; %yk yhNth]; 1962 fl;lis eltbf;if nfhpy;yh Nghhpy; k gdhkh 1964 JUg;Gfs; fhy;tha; rpf;fypy; ,e;NjhNdrpah 1965 fl;lis eltbf;if rP.I.V. JizAldh nlhkpdpad; FbauR 1965-1966 JUg;Gfs; NjHjypd; NghJ fl nfhsj;jkhyh 1966-1967 fl;lis ebtbf;if fphPd; ngul; Nghuhs Bj;nuha;l; 1967 JUg;Gfs; gilapdH fUg;gpdj fk;Nghbah 1969-1975 Fz;LtPr;R> JUg;Gfs; 10 tUlj;jpw;Fs; 2 Xkhd; 1970 fl;lis eltbf;if Gul;rpa epf;fhuFth 1981-1990 fl;lis eltbf;if me;epa Kw;Wiff;F nygdhd; 1982-1984 Fz;LtPr;R rphpa K];ypk; ,yf n`hd;^uh]; 1983-1989 JUg;Gfs; vy;iyfspy; jski fpnudlh 1983-1984 JUg;Gfs; Gul;rpf;Fg; gpd; eh
40
;Gfs; fk;A+dpr ntw;wpf;F Kd; flw;gil Rw;wptisg;G MAj kpul;ly; mZMAj Fz;L tPr;R mr;RWj;jy; is eltbf;if NghuhspfSf;nfjpuhf rP.I.V. topelj;jy; is eltbf;if tpLjiyg; Nghuhspfis eRf;Fjy; fs;> Fz;LtPr;R mZMAj mr;RWj;jy; is eltbf;if rP.I.V. Ml;rpf;ftpo;g;G rjp MAj mr;RWj;jy; Fz;LtPr;R is eltbf;if Fz;LtPr;R> mZMAj mr;RWj;jy;> rP.I.V rjp
fs; mZMAj mr;RWj;jy; l> JUg;Gfs; NghuhspfSf;F vjpuhd flw;gil Mf;fpukpg;G Aj mr;RWj;jy; Fz;LtPr;R 1-2 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; khz;ldH. mZ MAjq;fs; ghtpg;G eltbf;if rP.I.V. topfhl;lypdhyhd me;epa Mf;fpukpg;G Njhy;tp Aj mr;RWj;jy; ngHypd; RtH rHr;irapy; crhH Aj mr;RWj;jy; flw;gilapd; %yk; vr;rhpg;G
eltbf;if nfhpy;yh Nghhpy; kw;w gilfis gyg;gLj;jy; fs; fhy;tha; rpf;fypy; gdhkh ehl;ltHfs; Rlg;gly;
eltbf;if rP.I.V. JizAldhd gilfshy; kpy;ypad; kf;fs; nfhiy fs; NjHjypd; NghJ flw;gil Fz;LtPr;R
ebtbf;if fphPd; ngul; Nghuhspfis Rw;wptisj;J eRf;Fjy; fs; gilapdH fUg;gpdj;jtHfSld; rkH. 43 NgH nfhiy
Pr;R> JUg;Gfs; 10 tUlj;jpw;Fs; 2 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; nfhiy eltbf;if yhNfhlh]; Kw;Wif Aj kpul;ly; kj;jpafpof;F Aj;jj;jpy; cyfk; KOtJk; vr;rhpf;if
eltbf;if njhpthd khHf;rpa [dhjpgjpf;nfjpuhf rjp fs; tprthA Fz;LtPr;R> fg;gy; ifg;gw;wy;>
eltbf;if rP.I.V.njd;Mg;gphpf;f mZruiz gilia topelj;jy; Aj mr;RWj;jy; Gul;rpapy; jiyapl Ntz;lhnkd Nrhtpaj;Jf;F vr;rhpg;G
,U n[l;Lfs; Rl;LtPo;j;jg;gly; eltbf;if gil cjtp> Gul;rpahsHfSf;nfjpuhf tpkhdg;gil cjtp. eltbf;if me;epa Kw;Wiff;F topelj;jy;. Pr;R rphpa K];ypk; ,yf;Ffis Nehf;fp flw;gil Fz;LtPr;R fs; vy;iyfspy; jskikf;f cjtp fs; Gul;rpf;Fg; gpd; ehd;F tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; Fz;LtPr;R
giw-2001 et
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gilfs; Kw;Wif Fz;LtPr;R 000 f;Fk; mjpfk Nrhkhypah 1992-1994 JUg;Gfs; rptpy; Aj;jj;jpy; m ANfh];Nytpah 1992-1994 flw;gil NrHgpag;gFjpfis ngh];dpah 1993-1995 NrHgpag;gFjpfspy; i`l;b 1994-1996 JUg;Gfs;> flw;gil ,uhZt Ml;rp Kw FNuhrpah 1995 Fz;LtPr;R thd;khHf;fj; jhf;F rhapNu 1996-1997 JUg;Gfs; flw;gil Kw;Wif> #lhd; 1998 kpiry; jhf;Fjy; kUe;J jahhpg;G , Mg;fhdp];jhd; 1998 kpiry; Kd;dhs; rP.I.V. g kpity; 4 ehl;fs; njhlhr;r ANfh];Nytpah 1999 Fz;LtPr;R> kpiry; Nel;Nlh jiyikapy Nakd; 2000 flw;gil mnkhpf;fhtpd; kPj krpNlhdpah 2001 JUg;Gf;fs; my;Ngdpa JUg;Gf
Kjypy;mtHfs;A+jHfisj;Nj
ehd; vJTk; Ngrtpy;i Vndd;w hy;ehd;xU A+j gpwF mtHfs;fk;A +dp];L fisj;N ehd; vJTk; Ngrtpy;i Vndd;why; ehd;xU fk;A +d mjd;gpwF mtHfs; njhopw;rq
Njbte;jhHfs;. ehd; vJTk; Ngrtpy;i Vndd;why; ehd; njhopw;rq;ft ,Wjpapy; mtHfs; vd;idj; Nj mg;NghJ vdf;fhfg; NgR ahUk; vQ;rpapUf;ftpy
gh];u H epANkhyH (ehrpr; rpiwfspy; nfhy;yg
giw-2001 et
; 2 gilfs; Kw;Wif l> Fz;LtPr;R 2000Nky; nfhiy fs; rptpy; Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ ntspehl;ltHfs; ntspNaw;wg;gly; fs; Fitj; Mf;fpukpg;igj; njhlHe;J 540>000 gilapdH kj;jpafpof;fpy;
Pr;R 200>000 f;Fk; mjpfkhNdhH nfhiy fs; rptpy; Aj;jj;jpy; mnkhpf;fh jiyikapy; I.eh Aj;jk;
l NrHgpag;gFjpfis Nel;NlhTld; Kw;Wif
NrHgpag;gFjpfspy; Fz;LtPr;R> tpkhdq;fs; Rl;LtPo;j;jy; fs;> flw;gil ,uhZt Ml;rp Kw;Wif> 3 tUlq;fspd; gpd; gilfs;epiy nfhs;sy;
Pr;R thd;khHf;fj; jhf;Fjy; fs; flw;gil Kw;Wif> ; jhf;Fjy; kUe;J jahhpg;G ,lq;fspd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; ; Kd;dhs; rP.I.V. gapw;rp Kfhk;fspd; kPJ jhf;Fjy;
;jhf;Fjy;> kpity; 4 ehl;fs; njhlhr;rpahd Mfhaj;jhf;Fjy; Pr;R> kpiry; Nel;Nlh jiyikapy; fLikahd Mfhatopj; jhf;Fjy; l mnkhpf;fhtpd; kPjhd jw;nfhiyj; jhf;Fjiyj;njhlHe;J f;fs; my;Ngdpa JUg;Gf;fspd; xU gFjpia epuhAjghzpfshf;fpaJ
Hfs;A+jHfisj;Njb te;j NghJ ehd; vJTk; Ngrtpy;iy
d;w hy;ehd;xU A+jd;my;y
;fk;A +dp];L fisj;Njb te;j hHfs;. hd; vJTk; Ngrtpy;iy. ;why; ehd;xU fk;A +dp];l ;my;y
mtHfs; njhopw;rq;fthjpfisj;
Njbte;jhHfs;. hd; vJTk; Ngrtpy;iy. y; ehd; njhopw;rq;fthjpAkpy;iy.
mtHfs; vd;idj; Njb te;jhHfs;
ghJ vdf;fhfg; NgRtjw;F hUk; vQ;rpapUf;ftpy;iy.
gh];u H epANkhyH ; rpiwfspy; nfhy;yg;gl;ltH)
4141
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42
epyh
t
uyhW nky;y vl
Kd;nghUKiw INuhg;gpa rpYit Aj;jk; gw;wp kPz Mq;fhq;Nf frpaj; njhlq;f N[hH[; G\; mtHfNs itj;Js;shH. mtH rpYi Fwpg;gplhtpl;lhYk; rpYi rpYit Aj;jj;jpd; m fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,];yh Nghuhspfshy; mbf;fb Kd khw;wPlhfNt jq;fspd; m fw;gpf;fTNk jw;NghJ fUj;Jf;fis ntspaplj; n ,t;tsT fhyKk; jq;fs kjntwpiaAk; ,tHfs; nt njhlq;fpAs;sdH. , thq;fpf;nfhz;L Jiz N Clfq;fSk; Jjpghlj; nj
t
uyhW nky;y vl;bg;ghHf;fpd;wJ. tuyhw;wpy;
d;nghUKiw INuhg;gpa ehLfis Ml;bg;gilj;j Yit Aj;jk; gw;wp kPz;Lk; nra;jpfs; ,Nyrhf q;fhq;Nf frpaj; njhlq;fpAs;sd. mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp [hH[; G\; mtHfNs ,jid Muk;gpj;Jk; tj;Js;shH. mtH rpYir Aj;jk; gw;wp Neubahf wpg;gplhtpl;lhYk; rpYit Aj;jk; gw;wpa mwptpg;G Yit Aj;jj;jpd; milahs FwpaPlhfNt hzg;gLfpwJ. ,];yhkpaj; jPtputhjpfshy; huhspfshy; mbf;fb Kd;itg;gLk; Gdpj Aj;jj;jpw;F hw;wPlhfNt jq;fspd; mlhtbj;jdq;fspw;F epahak; ;gpf;fTNk jw;NghJ rpYitg; gazk; gw;wpa j;Jf;fis ntspaplj; njhlq;fpAs;sdH. ,jd;%yk; t;tsT fhyKk; jq;fshy; %bkiwf;fg;gl;bUe;j jntwpiaAk; ,tHfs; ntspr;rk; Nghl;L ntspf;fhl;lj; jhlq;fpAs;sdH. ,tHfSf;F tf;fhyj;J hq;fpf;nfhz;L Jiz Nghtjpy; toik Nghd;Nw
lfq;fSk; Jjpghlj; njhlq;fptpl;ld.
giw-2001 et
Page 43
epANahHf; kw;Wk; th\pq;ld; kPjhd gaq;futhj jhf;Fjy;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfis mwpaj;jUtjpy; mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; mjd; Njhoik ehLfspd; Clfq;fs; Fwpg;ghf Nkw;ifNuhg;gpa ehLfspd; Clfq;fs; njhptpj;Js;s fUj;Jf;fSk;> nra;jpfis ntspf; nfhzHtjpy; mtw;wpd; "fUj;jpay;" epiyg;ghLk; ngUkstpw;F xUgf;f rhHghdjhfNt mike;jpUe;jd. ,t;thwhd epiyik Kd;Gk; gy;NtW rkaq;fspy; Vw;gl;bUe;jd. Fwpg;ghf gaq;fhuthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd Aj;jk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; mzpjpuz;bUf;Fk; ,t; Clfq;fs; ntsapLk; nra;jpfs; jkJ eyd; rhHe;Jk; mNugpa kf;fs; midtiuAk; gaq;uthjj;jpd; thhpRfshf fhl;lTk; Kidg;Gld; nrayhw;wp tUfpd;wd.
mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,lk;ngw;w jhf;Fjiyapl;L kfpo;r;rp njhptpj;J tPjpapy; ,wq;fp Muthuk; nra;j ghy];jPd kf;fs; gw;wpa njhiyf;fhl;rp nra;jpfs; mnkhpf;f njhiyf;fhl;rp epWtdkhd rP.vd;.vd;,y; xt;nthU 30 epkplj;jpw;Fk; xU Kiw fhl;lg;gl;lJ. Vida Nkw;ifNuhg;gpa kw;Wk; NtW gy njhiyf;fhl;rp epWtdq;fshYk; ,r;nra;jp clDf;Fld; gug;gg;gl;lJ. Clfq;fspd; ,t;thwhd nray;ghL gy Nfs;tpfis vk;Kd; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. ,r;nra;jp cz;ikjhdh (eLepiy nra;jp];jhgdq;fs; ntspapl;l nra;jpapy; ,it Kd;G j;jk; vd;w ;Fk; ,t; pfs; jkJ kf;fs; hjj;jpd; dg;Gld;
lk;ngw;w njhptpj;J k; nra;j iyf;fhl;rp yf;fhl;rp ;nthU 30 ;lg;gl;lJ. ;Wk; NtW q;fshYk; ;gg;gl;lJ. y;ghL gy pf;fpd;wJ. (eLepiy spapl;l hf; kPjhd Hr;rp vd
$wg;gl;lJ.)
2. ele;j rk;gtq;fspd; KOikahd tpguKk; mk;kf;fspw;F njhptpf;fg;gl;- bUe;jjh? my;yJ miuFiw nra;jpfs; mjhtJ tpkhd tpgj;jpy; Kf;fpa fl;llq;fs; jfHg;G vd;Nwh my;yJ ,];yhkpa jPtputhjpfshy; tpkhdk; %yk; (gazpfs; tpkhdk; my;y) tHj;jf ];jhgdk; mopf;fg;gl;lJ kl;LNk njhpe;jpUe;jjh?
3. mg;gbNa ghy];jPd kf;fs; elj;jpeu;jhYk; mjw;fhd mfGw #o;epiyfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;shky; ghjpf;fg;gl;l midthpdJk; kdk; ghjpf;Fk;gbAk; nra;jpfis ntspaplyhkh?
Nkw;$wpa Nfs;tpfs; kl;Lkpd;wp rhpahd tprhuiz KbTfs; tUtjw;F Kd;Ng ,t; Clfq;fs; jhNk tprhuiz elhj;jp Kbe;J jPHg;Gk; $wptpl;ld. ,jd; %yk; njhlUk; tprhuiz Muha;Tfis jkJ Nehf;fpNyNa njhluf;$bajhf kiwKfkhd xU mYj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. ,r; rk;gtq;fisg; gw;wp NehHNt[pa njhiyf;fhl;rp Nritnahd;W ntspapl;l nra;jpapy; (nrg;lk;gH 12Mkl; jpfjp) ghy];jPd kf;fs; ,Ujakw;wtHfs; mtHfspd; n[UrNyk; epUgHfs; vd $wpapUe;jhH. (hjerte lose menesker) Mdhy; jkJ nrhe;j ehl;bNy mfjpfshfp ,];Nuypa rpNahdprthjpfshy; ,k;kf;fspd; ,Ujak; ,Uk;K fuk; nfhz;L mlf;fg;gl;lJ gw;wpNah my;yJ mk;kf;fspd; nrhe;jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; mj;JkPwp FbNawp khllhspiffs; fl;b cy;yhr tho;T thOk; ,];Nuypa FbNaw;wthjpfspd; nray;fshy; mk;kf;fspd; ,Ujak; jPapl;L
4343
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nfhOj;jg;gl;L tUlq;- fs; gy fle;Jtpl;lJ gw;wpNah ,t; Clffq;fs; nghpjhf myl;bf;nfhs;- stpy;iy. nghJtpy; jkJ mbg;gil eyd;fspw;F ghjpg;G tUk; NghJ ,t; Clffq;fspy; RaeyNk jiyepkpHe;J epw;fpd;wJ. ,JNt fle;j fhy tuyhW.
NehHNt[pa Clfq;- fisg; nghWj;jtiu ,t;tplaj;jpy; ed;wpf;ld; nrYj;jtjpy; Vida INuhg;gpa ehLfisg; NghyNt ,tHfSk; Kd;dzp tfpf;fpwhHfs; mjhtJ mnkhpf;fh vd;w xU ehL ,uhZt gyj;Jld; ,Ue;jhy; jhq;fSk; ,Wjptiu ghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;gjhFk;. Mdhy; ,jpy; rpwpsTk; cz;ikapy;iy. nghushjhu rkj;JtKk; gq;fPLk; rhpahd Kiwapy; gfpug;glhjtiu cyfpd; ve;j Njrpa ,dKk; epue;ju ghJfhg;Gld; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ,ij VNdh ngUk;ghyhd Clfq;fs; Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjpy; mlf;fg;gLk; xLf;fg;gLk; kf;fs; rhHghf rpy mDjhgq;fis njhptpg;gjd; %yk; mk;kf;fspd; rhHGepiy nfhz;ltHf- shf jq;fisf; fhl;bf; nfhs;s KidAk; ,t; Clfq;fs; cz;ikapy; jkJ v[khd tpRthrj;jpw;F Nrtfk; nra;a vg;NghJk; jahuhfNt ,Uf;- fpd;wdH. ,jw;F xU ey;y cjhuzk; NehhNt[pa Njrpa njhiyf;fhl;rp epWtdkhd NRK tpy; Rje;jpuk; khw;W fUj;Jf;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; kdepiy Nghd;wtwwpw;F fpilj;j ntw;wpahFk;.
giw-2001 et
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cz;ikapy; NRK njhiyf;fhl;rp epWtdk; ,];yhk; gw;wpAk; mjw;F vjpuhd xU gf;f fUj;Jf;F khw;W #oiy Vw;gLj;j tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; ,ijtpl mUikahd tha;g;Gk; #o;epiyAk; fpl;baUf;f KbahJ Mdhy; md;iwa gfy; KOtJk; mLj;j ehs; nra;jpapYk; N[hH[; G\;\pd; rpYitg;gazk; gw;wpAk; ,];yhkpa jPtputhjpfspd; Gdpj Aj;jk; ([pfhj;) gw;wpa nra;jpfisANk Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;jpapUe;jJ.
Nkw;$wg;gl;l rk;gtj;jpy; ,Ue;J ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ ahnjdpy; Clfq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; xU gf;f nra;jpiaNa Kf;fpaj;Jtg;- gLj;Jfpd;wd. gy rkaq;- fspy; Clffq;fspdhy; ntspaplg;gLk; "nra;jp tbtq;fs;" mtw;wpd; mg;- gl;lkhd Nehf;fj;ij Glk;Nghl;L fhl;Ltjhf mike;J tpLfpd;wd. cjhuzkhd xU nra;jpia ghhg;Nghk;. Kjypy; gaq;futhj nraypdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l epANahHf; efu fhl;rpfs; ,lk;ngWk; mij njhlHe;J mnkhpf;fh [dhjpgjpapd; Ngr;R mtuJ mwpf;iffs; ntspaplg;gLk;. ,ij njhlHe;J Mg;fhd; jypghd;fs; gw;wpAk; mtHfspd; nfhLikahd mlf;F- Kiwfs; gw;wp nra;jp ,lk;ngWk;. ,ij njhlHe;J INuhg;ghtpy; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba ghJfhg;G Kaw;rpfs; gw;wpa nra;jp ,lk;ngWk;. njhlhe;J
Gdpj Aj;jj;jpw;F khw;wPlhfNt jq;fspd; m
epahak; fw;gpf;fTNk jw;NghJ rpYit fUj;J f;fis ntspaplj;njhlq;fpAs;s dH fhyKk; jq;fshy; %bkiwf;fg;gl;bUe;j kj
ntspr;rk; Nghl;L ntspf;fhl;lj; nj
giw-2001 et
Mg;fhdp] mtyKk; , epANahHf;f Nrhfk; fz mijj; nj INuhg;gpa A grp gl;bd gzKk; c itf;fg;gL f;fhl;rp epW vjpuhd Aj Kbj;Jf;nf
Nkw;$ Kiwfis Clfq;fs; rhHghd fU ijAk; xU xU kjj;jp jpl;lkpl;L nfhs;syhk
epANah Kd;dpl;L
yf;fhl;rp k; mjw;F ;F khw;W papUe;jhy; ha;g;Gk; KbahJ KOtJk; ; N[hH[; ; gw;wpAk; dpj Aj;jk; isANk .
q;futhj NahHf; efu njhlHe;J r;R mtuJ k;. ,ij s; gw;wpAk; mlf;F- Wk;. ,ij w;nfhs;s fs; gw;wpa jhlhe;J
;wPlhfNt jq;fspd; mlhtbj;jdq;fspw;F Nk jw;NghJ rpYitg; gazk; gw;wpa j;njhlq;fpAs;s dH. ,jd;% yk;,t;t sT kiwf;fg;gl;bUe;j kjntwpiaAk; ,tHfs; ;L ntspf;fhl;lj; njhlq;fpAs;sdH.
Mg;fhdp];jhd; tUikAk; kf;fspd; mtyKk; ,lk; ngWk; ,ijj; njhlHe;J epANahHf;fpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; Nrhfk; fz;zPUld; tHzpf;fg;gLk; mijj; njhlHe;J mnkhpf;f muRk; INuhg;gpa A+dpaDk; Mg;fhd; kf;fspd; grp gl;bdpia Nghf;f ngUe;njhif gzKk; czT nghUl;fSk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk; vd;w nra;jpAld; njhiy- f;fhl;rp epWtdKk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F vjpuhd Aj;jk; gw;wpa jdJ nra;jpia Kbj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;.
Nkw;$wpa nra;jpapd; xOq;F Kiwfis rPHJ}f;fpg; ghHj;jhy; ,t; Clfq;fs; vt;thW jpl;lkpl;L xU gf;f rhHghd fUj;Jf;fis jpzpj;J tUt- ijAk; xU ,dj;jpw;F my;yJ Fwpj;j xU kjj;jpw;F vjpuhd vjpHg;GzHit jpl;lkpl;L elj;jp tUtijAk; czHe;J nfhs;syhk;.
epANahHf; th\pq;ld; rk;gtq;fis Kd;dpl;L thpe;Jfl;bf;nfhz;L
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Gwg;gl;Ls;s ,t; Clfq;fs; Vw;nfdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy; v[khd tpRthrk; kl;Lkd;wp gy rkaq;fspy; KOg;- G+rdpf;fhia Nrhw;wpy; kiwg;gjpYk; xUtifapy; gpur;rpidf;Fhpa fhuzq;fis NjLtjw;F tpUg;gkpy;yhj my;yJ mjd; tpisTfSf;F
Page 47
vd;.rutzd;
giw-2001 et
'k
j;jpa fpof;fpy
Ngl;bia ve;j ClfK
,J mnkhpf;fh kj;jpa f rkPgj;jpy; ntspapl;l vr;rh nghUe;jpa mnkhpf;fhth ntspg;ghl;Lf;F gag;g vw;glyhk;. Mdhy; mJjh gilj;j" rz;baUf;Fk; C vd;gJ ed;whfNt njhpAk;. kPjhd jhf;Fjiy gw;w fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;fs; njhl jpUk;gj; jpUk;g xspg czHr;rpfSk; J}z;lg;gl;l jhf;Fjy; ,yf;F jtwhjJ jpUk;g nraw;iff;Nfhspd; g nra;ag;gl;l rpy glq;fs fhl;lg;gl;ld. mn khz;ltHfisg;gw;wp jpUk;g Ntis K];ypk;fspd;
'k
j;jpa fpof;fpy;x]hkh gpd;yhldpd;
gl;bia ve;j ClfKk; ntspaplf;$lhJ."
,J mnkhpf;fh kj;jpa fpof;F ,];yhkpa ehLfSf;F Pgj;jpy; ntspapl;l vr;rhpf;if. cyfpd; mjp ty;yik ghUe;jpa mnkhpf;fhth ,e;j kj;jpa fpof;F Clf tspg;ghl;Lf;F gag;gLfpwJ vd;W Mr;rhpak; w;glyhk;. Mdhy; mJjhd; cz;ik. "rHt ty;yik lj;j" rz;baUf;Fk; Clfj;jpd; ghj;jpuk; vd;d d;gJ ed;whfNt njhpAk;. ,Nj Ntis epANahHf;fpd; Pjhd jhf;Fjiy gw;wp Cjpg;ngUg;gpf;fpd;w l;rpg;gLj;jy;fs; njhlHr;rpahf xU khjfhykhf Uk;gj; jpUk;g xspgug;gg;gl;L midtuJk; zHr;rpfSk; J}z;lg;gl;ld. Mg;fhdp];jhd; kPjhd f;Fjy; ,yf;F jtwhjJ vd;gij fhl;l jpUk;gj; Uk;g nraw;iff;Nfhspd; glq;fspd; cjtpAld; njhpT ra;ag;gl;l rpy glq;fs; kl;Lk; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g hl;lg;gl;ld. mnkhpf;fj; jhf;Fjypy; hz;ltHfisg;gw;wp jpUk;gj; jpUk;g fhl;lLtJk; mNj tis K];ypk;fspd; Muthuq;fis kl;Lk;
4747
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fhl;LtJkhd jphpf;fg;gl;l nra;jpfis fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;fSf;$lhf Mg;fhdp];- jhd; kf;fspd; kPjhd (Fwpg;ghf K];ypk; kf;fspd; kPjhd) Mj;jpuj;ij je;jpukhf J}z;bf; nfhz;NlapUe;jJ. ,Nj rhl;nlhL ghy];jPdj;jpy; ,];Nuypd; jhf;Fjy;fs; Kw;WKOjhf %bkiwf;- fg;gl;ld. Nrhlidfs; Ntfkhf gug;gg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jd.
mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; mjd; $l;lh- spfshd Nkw;FyF cyfpNyNa kpfg;ngUk; gaq;fu MAjkhd Clfj;- ijj; jhd; ,itaidj;Jf;Fk; ek;gpapUe;jd. 90fspy; kw;Wk; mjd; epahag;gLj;jy;fs;> Neubahd xspgug;Gfs; %yk; Mw;wpa ghj;jpuj;ij ,d;dKk; ehk; kwe;jpUf;f khl;Nlhk;. Clfk; gw;wpa ehk; ,j;jid J}uk; tpsq;f KbahjsTf;F ,Nj Clfq;- fshy; ehk; topelj;jg;gLtJ $l ekf;F njhpahjgb ehk; itj;jpUf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ jhd; kpfg; ngUk; mtyk;. ,J Fwpj;j ekJ Mo;e;j ghHitia NkYk; ehkpq;F nrYj;JNthk;.
mJ vd;d? ,e;j E}w;whz;bd; kpfg;ngUk; jPHkhdpf;Fk; rf;jpahf Clfk; (media) ,Uf;fg;NghfpwJ. Clfj;jpd; NeHg;-
48
gbahd ( NghyNt ghj;jpuKk;
Clfk topelj;Jf vd;W $wg vkJ rpe;ji Mfptpl;bU
,d;iw
stream) vJ mJ Mfp Mjpf;f ngUq;fij epiyepWj Mfptpl;bU Clfj;i mthplk;| elj;ijia ,Uf;fpwnj cz;ikap nfhz;bUg rf;jpaplk;
ra;jpfis g;fhdp];- f K];ypk; je;jpukhf jJ. ,Nj ];Nuypd; bkiwf;- f;Fjy;fs; ; kf;fspd; ;T gw;wpa uhaq;fs; ;gtj;jpd; ; njhpahj midj;J g;gl;Lf; ; NghFk; d;$l;ba Ntfkhf .
; $l;lh- fpNyNa d Clfj;- j;Jf;Fk; hf; kPjhd Wk; mjd; eubahd hj;jpuj;ij khl;Nlhk;. d J}uk; Clfq;- $l ekf;F ehk; hd; kpfg; J Mo;e;j ehkpq;F
fg;ngUk; k; (media) ; NeHg;-
gbahd (positive) ghj;jpuj;ijg; NghyNt vjpHkiw (nagative) ghj;jpuKk; cz;L.
Clfk; ,d;W ek;iknay;yhk; topelj;JfpwJ. ek;ik topelj;JfpwJ vd;W $wg;gLtjd; mHj;jk; ,d;iwa vkJ rpe;jidfis jPHkhdpg;gjhf mJ Mfptpl;bUf;fpwJ.
,d;iwa ngUk;Nghf;F (main-
stream) vJ vd;W jPHkhdpf;Fk; rf;jpahf mJ Mfptpl;bUf;fpwJ. gpw;Nghf;F Mjpf;f rpj;jhe;jq;fis ngUq;fijahly;fshf Mf;fp mtw;iw epiyepWj;Jk; fUtpahf ,J Mfptpl;bUf;fpwJ.
Clfj;ij ahH nfhz;bUf;fpwhNuh mthplk;|mr;rf;jpaplk; kdpj elj;ijia fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk; ,Uf;fpwnjd;W mHj;jk; vd;gH rpyH. ,J cz;ikapYk; cz;ik. Clfj;ij nfhz;bUg;gtH my;yJ nfhz;bUf;Fk; rf;jpaplk; rpe;jidia kl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> kl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> kl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> kl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> kl;Lg;gLj;Jk;>
giw-2001 et
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fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> topelj;Jk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> topelj;Jk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> topelj;Jk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> topelj;Jk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> topelj;Jk; rf;jp cz;L. ,t;thjj;Jf;F kWg;G $Wk; rhuhH ,jid> ,d;Dk; Clfk; nrd;wilahj gpd;jq;fpa ehLfspy;|gpd;jq;fpa fpuhkq;fs; mjpfKs;s cyf rKjh- aj;jpy; ,f;fUj;J vg;gb rhpahFk; vd tpdTtH. Mdhy; gpd;jq;fr; nra;ag;gl;l rKjhaq;fspy; epr;rak; Clfk; Neubahf nrd;wila Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy;iy. me;j rKjhaq;fis mjpfhuk; nrYj;Jfpd;w r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay;> gz;ghl;lk;rq;fs; ,e;j Clfq;fshy; VyNt topelj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mf> ,d;W ,e;j Clfk; topelj;jhj ve;j
r % f K k ; cyfpy; ,y;iy. Clfk; ,d;W rfy- tw;iwAk; jPHkhdpf;- fpd;w Kf;fpa fUtpahf Mfptpl;bUf;fpwJ. ,d;iwa Clfq;fis jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;Fk; mjpfhuj;Jt rf;jpfs;> jkJ mjpfhuj;ij epiyehl;l ,e;j Cl- fq;fis kpfTk; je;jpukhfTk; El;gkhf- Tk; ifahz;L tUfpd;wd. Vw;nfdNt GiuNahbg; NghapUf;fpd;w mjpfhuj;Jt rpe;jidfis> Mjpf;f rpe;jidfis> cWjpahf gyg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,it> ,e;j ifNjHe;j Clfq;fis ifahs;fpd;wd. Mjpf;f gpw;Nghf;F rpe;jidfisAk;> kughHe;j mjpfhu IjPfq;fisAk; kPSWjp nra;fpd;w tifapy; mjd; rpj;jhe;j Nkyhjpf;fj;ij ,e;j Clfq;fisf; nfhz;Nl ,d;W cyfk; KOtJkhf mjpfhu rf;jpfs; nra;J tUfpd;wd.
giw-2001 et
vdNt Gul;rpfu rf tpopg;Gz fhl;Lfpd;wd Gul;rpfu r% rf;jpfs; vj Mw;wiy v Clf ts ifg;gw;w K mjpfhuj;J rf;jpfSf;F rpj;jhe;j Nk Clfq;fs;-
,e;j M epiyehl;Lt mbikj;J jTk;> mbg ,e;j Cl gad;gLj;j Nehk; n gaq;futh vd;fpwhH. , ,d;Dk; rpy njhlHG+l vd;Wk; Cl tion) vd xl;Lnkhj;j "mjpfhuj;J as a Weapo gLfpd;wd.
Clfq;f fhprida tpahgfj;N ,e;epiyapy r%ftpay; Js;sd. rpt ghj;jpuk;> c %yjdk; epHg;ge;jq Clfj;jpy; f
f;jp cz;L. Wk; rhuhH ;wilahj d;jq;fpa f rKjh- hFk; vd pd;jq;fr; ; epr;rak; d;wila me;j Yj;Jfpd;w murpay;> lfq;fshy; ;Fk;. Mf> j;jhj ve;j
f K k ; ,y;iy. d;W rfy- PHkhdpf;- fUtpahf f;fpwJ. d;dfj;Nj rf;jpfs;> ,e;j Cl- ; El;gkhf- w;nfdNt jpfhuj;Jt idfis> it> ,e;j hs;fpd;wd. dfisAk;> ;fisAk; py; mjd; j ,e;j ;W cyfk; s; nra;J
vdNt jhd; cyfpd; gy;NtW Gul;rpfu rf;jpfs; ,d;W Clfk; Fwpj;j tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;j Kidg;G fhl;Lfpd;wdH. mJkl;Lkd;wp ,d;iwa Gul;rpfu r%f khw;wj;Jf;fhf NghuhLk; rf;jpfs; vjphp nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j Clf Mw;wiy vjpHj;J epw;ff;$ba tifapy; Clf tsq;fis|Mw;wiy jhKk; ifg;gw;w Kidfpd;wd. ,J ,d;iwa mjpfhuj;Jf;fhfg; NghuhLk; rfy rf;jpfSf;Fkhd Kd;epge;jidahf - rpj;jhe;j Nkyhjpf;fj;ij epiyehl;Lfpd;w Clfq;fs;- Mfptpl;bUf;fpd;wd.
,e;j Mjpf;f rpj;jhe;jq;fis epiyehl;LtjpYk; %isr;ryit nra;J mbikj;Jt r%f mikg;ig Vw;gLj;- jTk;> mbgzpa itf;Fk; Kaw;rpapYk; ,e;j Clfq;fis kpfTk; El;gkhf gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd.
Nehk; nrhk;];fp ,jid njhlHG+lf gaq;futhjk; (Media Terrorism) vd;fpwhH. ,e;jg; Nghf;if Muha;fpd;w ,d;Dk; rpy r%ftpayhsHfs; ,jid njhlHG+lf khgpah (Media Mafia) vd;Wk; Clf td;Kiw (Media Viola- tion) vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy; ,e;j Clfq;fs; ,d;W "mjpfhuj;Jtj;jpd; fUtpfshf" (Media as a Weapon of Power) gad;gLj;jg;- gLfpd;wd.
Clfq;fspd; gd;Kfj;jhf;fk; gw;wpa fhpridahdJ jfty;njhopy;El;g tpahgfj;NjhL mjpfhpj;jnjdyhk;. ,e;epiyapy; jhd; Clftpay; gw;wpa r%ftpay; Ma;Tfs; ,d;W mjpfhpj;- Js;sd. rptpy; r%fj;jpy; mJ Mw;Wk; ghj;jpuk;> cw;gj;jp cwTfs;- Fwpg;ghf %yjdk; ,jpy; nrYj;jp tUfpd;w epHg;ge;jq;fs;> %yjdj; jpul;rp Clfj;jpy; fhY}d;w vLj;JtUk; Kaw;rp>
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jpwe;j nghUshjhuf; nfhs;ifapd; tpisthf gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; juF KjyhspfSf;$lhf Clfj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjpy; vLj;JtUk; Kaw;rpfs;> etPd muRfs; jdJ mlf;FKiw ,ae;jpuq;fspy; xd;whf ,jid gad;gLj;j jiyg;gLfpd;w Nghf;F> mt;thW mlf;Ffpd;w kw;Wk; mlf;fg;gLfpd;w rf;jpfspd; vjpHfhyk; vd gy Nfhzq;fspy; ,it Fwpj;J myr Ntz;bAs;sJ.
ngUk;ghYk; Clfj;jpd; cl;fl;l- ikg;G (infra structure) gw;wpNa ngUksthd Ma;Tfs; nra;ag;gl;b- Uf;fpw epiyapy; mjd; Gwepiy jiyaPL> jhf;fk; vjpHfhyk; Fwpj;J jw;Nghija Ma;Tfspy; $ba fhprid nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
Vw;nfdNt vkJ r%f mikg;gpy; epyTfpd;w Mjpf;f rpj;jhe;jq;fis kPSWjp nra;J> mjid kPs fl;likf;fpd;w gzpapid Mw;WtNj> Mjpf;f rf;jpfs; jkJ mjpfhuj;ij epiyehl;l Kd;epge;jidahf ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt mjpfhuj;Jf;F fl;Lg;gl;L> mbikj;Jtj;ij epiyehl;b mjw;F mbgzpa itf;fNth my;yJ mtw;Wld; rkurk; nra;J nfhz;L thoTk;> gof;fTk; Vw;nfdNt vkJ r%f mikg;gpy; kjk;> fy;tp> gz;ghl;L fyhrhu IjPfq;fs;> rl;lk; vd epWtg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;tj;jidiaAk; xUq;F Nru nra;J Kbf;f ,yFthd topahf ,d;iwa Clfk; Mw;wy; kpFe;jjhf cs;sJ. vdNt jhd; Mjpf;fr; rf;jpfs; fUtpfs; ,jpy; mf;fiw nrYj;JtJ ,d;wpikahjjhf Mfptpl;bUf;fpwJ.
mlf;fg;gLk; kf;fs; gphptpdH Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; ,d;dy;fs; ntF
50
rhkHj;jpak ,e;j Clf ,y;yhj xd my;yJ m Mw;wYk; ,t;thW k gJk; Clf Uf;Fk; rf jq;fpapUf;f
fpspd;u tptfhuk; g
Clfk; cs Fwpj;Jk;> fp Fiwe;j K rpq;fs Cl Kf;fpaj;Jt juhJ. fpspd NghdJ> rH mNj Nti cs;ehl;bY
mnkhpf jkpo;ehl;b ,yq;ifa Nghd;w nt murpay; g ,e;j rpd Vida Cl
s;ifapd; q;fs; juF lfj;ijf; Kaw;rpfs;> f;FKiw ,jid Nghf;F> kw;Wk; vjpHfhyk; t Fwpj;J
cl;fl;l- gw;wpNa a;ag;gl;b- Gwepiy k; Fwpj;J a fhprid
ikg;gpy; e;jq;fis d kPs w;WtNj> jpfhuj;ij ;jidahf huj;Jf;F ;Jtj;ij bgzpa d; rkurk; gof;fTk; g;gpy; kjk;> IjPfq;fs;> ;Ls;sd. ru nra;J ,d;iwa cs;sJ. ; fUtpfs; Yj;JtJ Uf;fpwJ.
pdH Kfk; ; ntF
rhkHj;jpakhf %b kiwf;Fk; Mw;wy; ,e;j Clfj;Jf;F cz;L. mJNghy ,y;yhj xd;iwAk; ,Ug;gjhf fhl;lNth my;yJ mjid Cjpg;ngUg;gpf;Fk; Mw;wYk; ,e;j Clfj;Jf;F cz;L. ,t;thW kiwg;gJk;> Cjpg;ngUg;gpg;- gJk; Clfj;ij jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;b- Uf;Fk; rf;jpfspd; eyd;fspNyNa jq;fpapUf;fpd;wd.
fpspd;ud; Nkhdpf;fh yptpd;];fp tptfhuk; gw;wp jpUk;gj;jpUk;g Ngrpa
Clfk; cs;ehl;by; ele;j NfhNz];thp Fwpj;Jk;> fpU\he;jp Fwpj;Jk; mij tpl Fiwe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijNa jUk;. rpq;fs Clfq;fs; mij tpl Fiwe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij jUk; my;yJ xd;Wk; juhJ. fpspd;udpd; eha;f;F Rfkpy;yhky; NghdJ> rHtNjr mstpy; nra;jpahFk; mNj Ntis td;dpg; gl;bdpr; rhT cs;ehl;bYk; njhpahky; nra;ag;gLk;.
mnkhpf;fhtpy; nuhdhy;l; NufDk;> jkpo;ehl;by; vk;.[p.MH> n[ayypjh...> ,yq;ifapy; fhkpdp nghd;Nrf;fh Nghd;w ntWk; jpiuAyf el;rj;jpuq;fs; murpay; gpuKfHfshf Mf;fg;gl;lJk; ,e;j rpdpkh vDk; Clfj;ijAk;> Vida Clfq;fSk; Cjpg;ngUg;gpj;J
giw-2001 et
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Vw;gLj;jpa khia vd;gij ehnky;NyhUk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Nthk;.
vg;NghJk; ve;j rf;jpAk; my;yJ jdpegUk; jhd; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mf-Gw> Mw;wy; |tsq;fs; jf;fitf;fg;gLtjw;- fhf| mjpfhpf;fg;gLtjw;fhf mit mjpfhukhf cUntLf;f itf;fpd;wd. tHf;fk;> ghy;thjk;> ,dthjk;> taJj;- Jtk;> gjtp> rhjpak;> epwthjk; vd gy;NtW tbtq;fspYk; epyTfpd;w Mjpf;f cwTfs;> mjpfhuj;Jtkhf njhlHe;Jk; epiyngw mit epahak; fw;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. "kjj;jpd;" ngauhy;> "J}a;ik"apd; ngauhy; ,e;j fw;gpjq;fs; Fwpj;J %iyr;ryit kpFe;j rpj;jhe;j Nkhjpf;fj;ij epiyehl;bNa MfNtz;Lk;.
,g;gb fUj;Njw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l fw;gpjq;fis epiyehl;Ltjpy; Clfk; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wp tUfpd;wd.
,e;j tifapy; Clfk; gw;wpa ekJ ghHit vspikg;gLj;jg;gl;Nl ,Uf;- fpd;wd. Fiwj;J kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. Clfk; ek;ik xd;Wk; nra;J tplKb- ahJ vd;fpd;w khiaapy; ,Uj;jg;gl;- Ls;Nshk;. vdNt jhd; Clfj;jpd; tbtk;> gz;G> mjd; jpirtop vd;gd Fwpj;J mt;tsthf vk;kj;jpapy; mf;f- iwf; fpilahJ. ,yq;if njhiyf;fhl;rp Nritfspy; 30 tpdhbfs; nfhz;l xU tpsk;guj;Jf;F ruhrhpahf mWgjpdh- apuk; &gh tiu mwtplg;gl;L tUfp- wJ vd;gijj; njhpe;jhy; mre;J NghthHfs;. xU jlitf;F ,t;tsT mwtplg;gLfpwnjd;why; vj;jid Kiw Fwpg;gpl;l tpsk;guk; tUfpd;wJ? mg;gbnadpy; vt;tsT njhif nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;? ek;kPJ mJ ve;j tpisitAk; Vw;gLj;jg; Nghtjpy;- iynad;why; xU epWtdk; Vd;
giw-2001 et
,t;tsT k;guj;Jf;nf nwdpy; t gpujpgypf;f Vw;gLj;jp t
jfty; f rf;jpfshy; vDk; fUj ,J gw;wpa jw;NghJ N ,d;lHnel; mwpa Kbf
vJ gw;w mbg;gil ek;gpapUf;f epiyapy; jfty;fis Kaw;rpfs; jfty;fis mtw;iwj; gLj;Jtjw Nghfpd;w njhopy;E
vd;gij hs;Nthk;.
; my;yJ k; mf-Gw> g;gLtjw;- hf mit f;fpd;wd. ;> taJj;- hjk; vd pyTfpd;w j;Jtkhf epahak; kjj;jpd;" uhy; ,e;j t kpFe;j yehl;bNa
a;ag;gl;l py; Clfk; . w;wpa ekJ l ,Uf;- ;gLfpd;wd. tplKb- Uj;jg;gl;- lfj;jpd; op vd;gd apy; mf;f- iyf;fhl;rp hz;l xU Wgjpdh- ;L tUfp- ; mre;J ,t;tsT id Kiw fpd;wJ? njhif ;kPJ mJ ; Nghtjpy;- dk; Vd;
,t;tsT njhifia mt;tps- k;guj;Jf;nfd xJf;FfpwJ? mt;th- nwdpy; tpsk;guk; vt;thW vk;kpy; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ? vd;d tpisit Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpwJ?
jfty; fsQ;rpaq;fis itj;jpUf;Fk; rf;jpfshy; cyF Msg;glg; NghfpwJ vDk; fUj;jhf;fk; tYthfp tUfpd;wJ. ,J gw;wpa gy;NtW Muha;r;rpfs; jw;NghJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUtij ,d;lHnel; nra;jpfs; fl;LiufspypUe;J mwpa KbfpwJ.
vJ gw;wpa KbTfSf;F tUtjw;Fk; mbg;gilapy; juTfis-jfty;fis ek;gpapUf;f Ntz;ba Njit epyTfpd;w epiyapy; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L jfty;fis Kd;$l;bNa mwpa |ngw Kaw;rpfs; elf;fpd;wd. mJ NghyNt jfty;fis fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtw;iwj; jUtjw;fhfTk; |re;ijg;- gLj;Jtjw;fhTk; Nghl;bfs; epytg;- Nghfpd;wd. ,e;epiyapy; jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; kPJ %yjdk;>
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Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jj; njhlq;fptpl;lJ. 'el;rj;jpu Aj;jk;"> "thd;ntsp Aj;jk;" vd;fpw fUj;jhf;fq;fs; kq;fp ,dp tug;NghFk; fhyk; jfty; Aj;jj;Jf;fhd (IT War) fhyk; vd;fpw fUj;jhf;fk; tYthfp tUfpd;wd.
ntWk; juTfs;|jfty;fis rpj;jhe;j RikNaw;wp gug;Gfpd;w Ntiyia Vw;nfdNt cyfpy; Kjyhspj;Jt Vfhjpgj;jpa ehLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sj; njhlq;fptpl;ld. mnkhpf;fh ,jw;fhf jkJ caHe;jgl;r njhopy;El;gj;ijAk;> tsq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tUtJ ,ufrpakhdjy;y.
juTfs;> jfty;fs; gug;gg;gLtjw;F| mDg;gg;gLtjw;F|tpw;gidnra;ag;gLtjw;F Kd;dNu mjd; EfHNthH ahH vd;W ,e;j jfty; Kjyhspfshy; jPHkhdpf;fg;- gl;L tpLfpd;wJ. mjw;Nfw;wgb mjd; tbtk;> thpir> cs;slf;fk;> gz;G vd;gd fl;likf;fg;gl;LtpLfpd;wd.
,j;jfty;fis toq;Ffpd;w rhjdkhf> rfytw;iwAk; jPHkhdpf;Fk; rf;jpahf ,J Njhd;wp> tsHe;J> CLUtp> tpahgpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy; Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpw kpy;Nydp- aj;jpd; (Mapuk; Mz;Lfisf; Fwpf;- fpd;w millenium) Kjy; E}w;whz;il jfty; Gul;rp E}w;whz;L vd;fpd;wdH. jftiyf; nfhz;bUf;fpw rf;jpfNs mjpfhu rf;jpfshf Mff;$ba Mw;wy; gilj;jtHfs; vDk; fUj;jhf;fk; ,d;W ek;gf;$bajhf cs;sJ. Mjpf;f rf;jpfs; jkJ mjpfhuj;Jtj;ij jf;fitf;f> mjid tphpTgLj;j kpff; fdkhf jfty;fis cw;gj;jp nra;J> cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l mj;jftiy murpay;kag;gLj;jp| fUj;Njw;wk; nra;J my;yJ Gide;J|jphpGgLj;jp|ngUg;gpj;J>
52
rpWg;gpj;J
,jw;fh je;jpNuhg KjyhtJ> r mjpfk; (V NghAs;s M vd ghHj epug;GtJ. gLj;j tpU fUj;jhf;fq tpl;L r%f JtJ> Nghi
,jid Ntz;bapU kpfg;ngUk Clfk; , mjid vj mtrpaj;jpY
nkhj;j j fq;fs;| rf;j mLj;j E}w ,e;j jfty vd;gij Ntz;bAs Nghf;Ff;$l kf;fs; kag njhopy;El ek;gpapUf;f
Mf x vd;gjd; caHnjho njhopy Nkw;nfhs;s mjid K rf;jpAk; ,e nfhs;shk KbahJ v vr;rhpf;if
;fptpl;lJ. sp Aj;jk;" q;fp ,dp ;jj;Jf;fhd j;jhf;fk;
s rpj;jhe;j tiyia hspj;Jt ;nfhs;sj; h ,jw;fhf ;gj;ijAk;> p tUtJ
;gLtjw;F| g;gLtjw;F ahH vd;W khdpf;fg;- gb mjd; k;> gz;G fpd;wd. q;Ffpd;w khdpf;Fk; > CLUtp> ; nrhy;yg; kpy;Nydp- sf; Fwpf;- w;whz;il d;fpd;wdH. rf;jpfNs a Mw;wy; ;fk; ,d;W ;f rf;jpfs; f;fitf;f> ; fdkhf > cw;gj;jp ;jftiy ;wk; nra;J gUg;gpj;J>
rpWg;gpj;J re;ijf;F tpLfpd;wd.
,jw;fhf ,uz;L tif gpujhd je;jpNuhghaq;fis mJ mZFk;. KjyhtJ> re;ijapy; Vw;nfdNt Nfs;tp mjpfk; (Vw;nfdNt GiuNahbg;- NghAs;s Mjpf;ff; fUj;Jf;fs;) vjw;F vd ghHj;J me;j ,ilntspia epug;GtJ. ,uz;lhtJ> jhd; re;ijg;- gLj;j tpUk;Gfpd;w Gjpa nra;jpfis| fUj;jhf;fq;fis|GidTfis re;ijf;F tpl;L r%fj;ij mjw;F gof;fg;gLj;- JtJ> Nghijnfhs;sr; nra;tJ.
,jid ehk; cd;dpg;ghf myr Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. mLj;j E}w;whz;bd; kpfg;ngUk; jPHkhdpf;Fk; rf;jpahf Clfk; ,Uf;fg;Nghfpw epiyapy; mjid vjpHnfhs;sj; jahuhf ,Ug;gJ mtrpaj;jpYk; mtrpak;.
nkhj;j j;j py; cyfpy; MSk; tHf;f q;- fq;fs;| rf;jpfs; jkJ etfhydpj;Jtj;ij mLj;j E}w;whz;Lf;Fk; vLj;Jr; nry;tJ ,e;j jfty; njhopy;El;gj;ij ek;gpNa vd;gij ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,d;iwa cyfkakhjy; Nghf;Ff;$lhf kypdj;Jtj;ij Ntfkhf kf;fs; kag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,e;j jfty; njhopy;El;gj;ij|Clfj;ijj; jhd; ek;gpapUf;fpwJ.
Mf xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy; et ghrprk; vd;gjd; Gjpa tbtk; caHnjhopy;El;gk; kpFe;j jfty; njhopy;El;gj;Jf;$lhfNt Nkw;nfhs;sg;glg; NghfpwJ. mJNghy mjid Kwpabf;f KidAk; ve;j rf;jpAk; ,e;j ,Nj Clfj;ij fUj;jpw; nfhs;shky; JUk;G $l Kd;Ndw KbahJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J kPs kPs vr;rhpf;if nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ.
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giw-2001 et
-rf;F- -rf;F- -rf;F- -rf;F- -rf;F-
ftpQUk; ftpQUk; ftpQUk; ftpQUk; ftpQUk;
ngz;zpiythjpAk vOj;jhsUkhd nr (nry;tepjp jpahfuhrh) tpLj Gypfshy; flj;jg;gl;L tUlj;Jld; 10 Mz;L G+Hj;jpahfpd;wd. 1991Mk; M Xf];l; 30Mk; jpfjp nr flj;jg;gl;L rpiwitf;fg;gl
fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F M itf;fpd;w vjphpfS ehq;fSk; risj;jtHfs; mk;rq;fspy; nry;tp flj; capUld; ,Ug;gjhf ek;gp midtUNk kde; jsHe jhahH cl;gl ve;j cwtpd mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. m epiyapy; ,Ug;gjhf mQ;R Nghaw;wp ,d;lHne\dy; ntspapl;lJ.
1992,y; "vOJtjw;fhd vDk; rHtNjr mikg;gpd; ,t;tpUjpid mjw;F jPHkhdpj;jpUe;jNghJk rpiwitf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mt vd;Wk; tpUjpid mwptpf;f ez;gHfs; gyH mwptpj;jpU jiytH vl;kz;l; f njhptpj;jpUe;jhH. MdhY mtuJ ,Ug;gplk; gw; fhztpy;iynad;gjhy; t Ntz;ba jUzk; te;Jt mikg;gpd; jiytH mwpt rHtNjr ftpij mik Poetry Society Award vD ,J khDl Rje;jpuj;jpw;fh Sf;fhfTk; Fuy; nfhLj ftpQHfSf;fhf toq;fg;gL
ftpQUk; ftpQUk; ftpQUk; ftpQUk; ftpQUk;
gz;zpiythjpAkhd> Oj;jhsUkhd nry;tp ry;tepjp jpahfuhrh) tpLjiyg; pfshy; flj;jg;gl;L ,e;j Ulj;Jld; 10 Mz;Lfs; j;jpahfpd;wd. 1991Mk; Mz;L f];l; 30Mk; jpfjp nry;tp j;jg;gl;L rpiwitf;fg;gl;lhH. fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Mg;G tf;fpd;w vjphpfSf;F q;fSk; risj;jtHfs; ,y;iynad;gij ep&gpj;j k;rq;fspy; nry;tp flj;jg;gl;lJk; xd;W. nry;tp apUld; ,Ug;gjhf ek;gp te;j mtUld; neUq;fpa idtUNk kde; jsHe;J Ngha;tpl;ldH. mtuJ ahH cl;gl ve;j cwtpdUk; mtiu nrd;W ghHf;f Dkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. mtH NjfhNuhf;fpak; Fd;wpa yapy; ,Ug;gjhf mQ;RfpNwhk; vd;W nwhl;lHlhk; haw;wp ,d;lHne\dy; mwpf;if 1994,y; mwpf;if spapl;lJ. 1992,y; "vOJtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk;" vDk; tpUJ PEN k; rHtNjr mikg;gpd; tpUJ nry;tpf;F fpilj;jJ. t;tpUjpid mjw;F Kd;dNu toq;fj; Hkhdpj;jpUe;jNghJk; ,t;tpUjpd; %yk; witf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mtUf;F VJk; CW Neuf;$Lk; ;Wk; tpUjpid mwptpf;f Ntzlhk; vd;W nry;tpapd; ;gHfs; gyH mwptpj;jpUe;jjhf 'ngz;' mikg;gpd; ytH vl;kz;l; fPyp mwpf;ifnahd;wpy; hptpj;jpUe;jhH. MdhYk; mtuJ epiy my;yJ tuJ ,Ug;gplk; gw;wpa vJtpj jftiyAk; ztpy;iynad;gjhy; tpUjpid gfpuq;fg;gLj;j z;ba jUzk; te;Jtpl;ljhf 1992,y; "ngz;" ikg;gpd; jiytH mwptpj;jpUe;jhH.
rHtNjr ftpij mikg;G 1994f;fhd International etry Society Award vDk; tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ. J khDl Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhfTk;> mbg;gil chpikf- f;fhfTk; Fuy; nfhLj;j "Rje;jpuk; kWf;fg;gl;l" pQHfSf;fhf toq;fg;gLfpd;w tpUjhFk;. ,t;tpUJ
5353
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nry;tp toq;fg;gl;lgpd; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;l rHtNjr ftpQHfisg; NghyNt nry;-
fpuhkj;jpy; tpAk; tpLjiy nra;ag;glNtz;Lnkd
aho; gy;f ,t;tikg;G Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lJ.
muq;fpaY ,t;tpUJ gw;wpa mwptpj;jypy;
khztpah "milahskw;w gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd
ftpQuhf kf;fs; kw;Wk; ftpfspd; Nrhfkakhd
gzpahw;wp epiyia Qhgfk; nfhz;L kdpj
gw;wpa e tho;Tf;Fk; khdplj;Jt ,Uj;jYf;Fk;
,f;fhyj;jpy khpahij kiwe;j ,ope;j #oiy Qhgfk;
Gypfs; cs nfhz;L ,e;j Mz;bd; NjHTf; FO
kdpj chpi ,yq;if ngz; ftp nry;tpia
fnkhd;iw nfsutpg;gJ vd;W KbntLj;J
nfhz;bUf cs;sJ..." vd Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jJ.
gl;ljhf ,yq;ifiar; NrHe;j xUtUf;F
gilg;GfS Kjd;Kiwahf toq;fg;gl;l tpUjhd
fUj;Jf;fi ,jid ngw;Wf; nfhs;s nry;tp
foj;jpy; ng miof;fg;gl;bUe;jhH. Mdhy;
nraw;gl;b tpLjiyg; Gypfspdhy; rpiwitf;fg;-
Aj;jj;jpd; gl;lgbNa mg;NghJk; ,Ue;jhH. 1993
jhf;FjYf brk;ghpy; ntspahd rhpepfhpy;
eptuhz tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; murpay;
ehlfhrphpauhfTk; gzpahw;wpatH. ghy];jPd ifjpfs; gw;wpa ehlfnkhd;iwAk; mtH ,f;fhyj;jpy; nra;jpUe;jhH. tpLjiyg; Gypfs; cs;spl;l rpy ,af;fq;fspd; kdpj chpik kPwiy tpkHrpf;fpd;w ehl- fnkhd;iw muq;Nfw;wj; jauhfpf;- nfhz;bUf;ifapNyNa mtH flj;jg;- gl;ljhf ek;gg;gLfpwJ. jkJ gilg;GfSf;$lhf ngz; tpLjiy fUj;Jf;fis gug;gpatH. gy;fiyf;- foj;jpy; ngz;fs; ,af;fj;jpy; jPtukhf nraw;gl;bUe;jhH. tlf;fpy; ele;j Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ ghjpg;Gf;Fk;> Fz;Lj; jhf;FjYf;Fk; cs;shdtHfSf;F eptuhz cjtpfis nra;tjpy;
Page 55
#hpaidj; Njb
epuhirfshy; #og;gl;l vdJ Md tho;Tf;fhfj; Jbf;fpw
vq;F ehd; jpUk;gpD Mjpkdpjdh rijiag; gpse;J ,uj;jk; Fbf;F
kQ;rs; gw;fspd; mOf;F tha;f vr;rpiy topatpl;lg Nfhuefq;fSk; F&uf;fz;fSkha
ntd;Wtpl;l vf;fspg;g
Fk;khskbf;F Nkjhtpyhrq;fs; xd;Wk; Gjpajy el;rj;jpuf; fdTr; rpe;jidfs
rpk;khrdq;fisj; Nj fhy;fis ,oe;jhapw ngsHzkpfs; tUtjha; gy Ki
Vkhe rypg;Gj;jhd; kpQ;rpa
thdpUe;J NjtHfs; toq;Fk; Mrpfi vz;zpg; G+hpj;j fw;gidf fhiyg;gdpAk; cyHe;J Nghdg fUfpa Gw;f shap Nghubf;Fk; vUJfsha;> Kbtpy;yh vj;jid ehs;fsha; tisa tUtJ MHg;ghl;lkhd nfhr;irj;jdj;J
mkpo;e;J NghtJ vt;thW.
gpufhrkhd gfy; nghOJfis
fhz;gJ Rygkpy;iyj;jh MdhY ke;jhu thdj;Js;S #hpaid ehd; Njl Ntz;L
giw-2001 et
#hpaidj; Njb
l;l vdJ Md;kh ;fhfj; Jbf;fpwJ. ehd; jpUk;gpDk; Mjpkdpjdha; ,uj;jk; Fbf;Fk; ; mOf;F tha;fs; y topatpl;lgb uf;fz;fSkha;...
tpl;l vf;fspg;gpy; Fk;khskbf;Fk; d;Wk; Gjpajy;y. Tr; rpe;jidfspy; rdq;fisj; Njb is ,oe;jhapw;W Utjha; gy Kiw Vkhe;J ;Gj;jhd; kpQ;rpaJ.
oq;Fk; Mrpfis +hpj;j fw;gidfs; yHe;J Nghdgpd; fpa Gw;f shapd. ha;> Kbtpy;yhJ tisa tUtJ... fhr;irj;jdj;Js; htJ vt;thW...?
y; nghOJfisf; Rygkpy;iyj;jhd; MdhYk;> hu thdj;Js;Sk; d; Njl Ntz;Lk;.
-nry;tp-
5555
Page 56
56
,f;fl;Liu N[.t fpsHr;rpahd 1971 fps gw;wpa epidT $uy nfhz;bUe;j Ntis kdk;Nghpia epidT vOJtjw;nfd;W Kd cWg;gpdHfSld; kdk;Nghpapd; tPl;Lf;F ciuahbNdd;. fjp nfhy;yg;gl;l ,lj;i apl;Nld;. kdk;Ng rhl;rpfspy; xUtuhd re;jpj;Njd;. mJ jt tprhuiz nra;j tp V.rp.my]; vOjpa E rpy fl;Liu ,f;fl;Li kdk;Nghp tof;F ,l fhyg;gFjpapy; nts Njrpa Rtb$lj; jpiz ,Ue;J jpul;ba jf mbg;gilapy; ,f;fl;L
1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 Vg;uy;.4 Vg;uy;.4 Vg;uy;.4 Vg;uy;.4 Vg;uy;.4 ,y; ,y; ,y; ,y; ,y; ntspahd ntspahd ntspahd ntspahd ntspahd rhpepfH rhpepfH rhpepfH rhpepfH rhpepfH ,jopy; ,jopy; ,jopy; ,jopy; ,jopy; ntspahd ntspahd ntspahd ntspahd ntspahd ,f;fl;Liu ,f;fl;Liu ,f;fl;Liu ,f;fl;Liu ,f;fl;Liu fhyg;nghUj;jk; fhyg;nghUj;jk; fhyg;nghUj;jk; fhyg;nghUj;jk; fhyg;nghUj;jk; fUjp fUjp fUjp fUjp fUjp kWgpuRuk; kWgpuRuk; kWgpuRuk; kWgpuRuk; kWgpuRuk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. nra;ag;gLfpwJ. nra;ag;gLfpwJ. nra;ag;gLfpwJ. nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ruh
,yq;ifapy; ,yq;ifapy; ,yq;ifapy; ,yq;ifapy; ,yq;ifapy; Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj Kd;dzpapdH. 1971 Vg;uy; ,J murhq;fj;jpd; nfhLu x gl;lJ. ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; Nghuhsp kdk;Nghp gw;wp ,e tpy; rpy Fwpg;Gfs;....
m
ts; nfhy;yg;gl
Nkw;gl;l mtspd; Njh tUlq;fs;. mtisAk; nfhd;wopj;j me;j mur tho;fpwJ. mtHfsJ Nghu
1971 Vg;uy; fpsHr;rpapd nfhy;yg;gl;l ngz; Nghu ,Ugjhapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;g Nghuhspfis mur ae;jpuk
,f;fl;Liu N[.tp.gp.apd; KjyhtJ psHr;rpahd 1971 fpsHr;rpapd; 25 tUlq;fs; w;wpa epidT $uy; ehnlq;fpYk; ele;J fhz;bUe;j Ntis mjpy; nfhy;yg;gl;l dk;Nghpia epidT $UfpwJ. ,f;fl;Liu OJtjw;nfd;W Kd;dhs; N[.tp.gp.apd; Wg;gpdHfSld; fjpHfhkj;jpYs;s dk;Nghpapd; tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;W tPl;lhUlDk; iuahbNdd;. fjpHfhkj;jpy; kdk;Nghp fhy;yg;gl;l ,lj;ijAk; nrd;W ghHit- pl;Nld;. kdk;Nghp tof;fpd; Kf;fpa hl;rpfspy; xUtuhd vybidAk; Ngha; e;jpj;Njd;. mJ jtpu 71 fpsHr;rp gw;wp prhuiz nra;j tpNrl ePjpkd;w ePjpgjp .rp.my]; vOjpa E}ypy; ,Ue;j jfty;fs; py fl;Liu ,f;fl;Liuf;F cjtpw;W. NkYk; dk;Nghp tof;F ,lk;ngw;w (1973 - Nk) hyg;gFjpapy; ntspahd gj;jphpiffis jrpa Rtb$lj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; rpy ehl;fs; Ue;J jpul;ba jfty;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; bg;gilapy; ,f;fl;Liu jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ.
,yq;ifapy; ,yq;ifapy; ,yq;ifapy; ,yq;ifapy; ,yq;ifapy;
Kjd; Kjypy; MAjg;
ghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;jtHfs; kf;fs; tpLjiy d;dzpapdH. 1971 Vg;uy; fpsHr;rp vd miof;fg;gl;l J murhq;fj;jpd; nfhLu xLf;FKiwapdhy; mlf;fg;- ;lJ. ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; nfhy;yg;gl;l k.tp.K. ngz; huhsp kdk;Nghp gw;wp ,e;j ,Ugj;ije;J tUl epid- py; rpy Fwpg;Gfs;....
m
ts; nfhy;yg;gl;L 25 tUlq;fs;. 20>000f;Fk;
kw;gl;l mtspd; NjhoHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;L 25 Ulq;fs;. mtisAk; mtsJ NjhoHfisAk; fhd;wopj;j me;j murikg;G kl;Lk; ,d;dKk; ho;fpwJ. mtHfsJ Nghuhl;lk;...?
1971 Vg;uy; fpsHr;rpapd; NghJ mur gilapdhy; fhy;yg;gl;l ngz; Nghuhspfspy; mtSk; xUj;jp. Ugjhapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;g;gl;l ,sk;> Mz;> ngz; huhspfis mur ae;jpuk; nfhd;nwhopj;jJ. Mdhy;
giw-2001 et
Page 57
mj;jidf;Fk; epahak; fw;gpj;j muR> xNu xU nfhiyia khj;jpuk; gilapdhpd; mjpfhu J\gpuNahfr; nray; vdf; $wp fz;Jilg;- Gf;fhf tprhuizia elj;jpaJ. mt;tprh- uiz jhd; Gfo;ngw;w gpNuktjp kdk;Nghpapd; nfhiy tprhuiz.
,jpYs;s ,d;ndhU Kf;fpa mk;rk; vd;d- ntdpy; gilapdUf;F vjpuhd tprhuiz- nahd;wpy; mtHfSf;F jz;liz toq;fg;gl;l tprhuizAk; ,Jnthd;Nw. fjpHfhkj;jhf;F jy;.
1971 Vg;uy; 5Mk; jpfjp N[.tp.gp.apdH (kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp) jpl;lkpl;- lgb ehnlq;fpYk; cs;s gy nghyp]; epiyaq;fis es;sputpy; xNu Neuj;jpy; jhf;fpdH. ahj;jpiug; Gfo; ngw;w fjpHfhkj;jpy; mike;Js;s nghyp]; epiyaKk; ,Nj Neuj;jpy; jhf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; NghJ ,uz;L N[.tp.gp. cWg;gpdHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. vdpDk;> jhf;Fjy; kWehs; 6Mk; jpfjpAk; ,lk; ngw;wJ. fjpHfhkg; nghyp]hH jhf;FjYf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f Kbahky; gpd;thq;fpNahbdH.
,jidj; njhlHe;J ,uhZtj;jpdH ehl;bd; fpsHr;rpj; jsq;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;ldH. fjpHfhkj;jpy; nyg;b- dd;l; tpN[#hpa jiyikapyhd FOnthd;W Vg;uy; 15Mk; jpfjpad;W Kfhk; mikj;jJ. ,k;Kfhk; ,.Ngh.r.- Tf;F nrhe;jkhd Xa;T epiyaj;jpNyNa md;W mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,k;Kfhk;
giw-2001 et
hpapd; tPl flj;jpr; nr moF uhz gpNukt taJ 22 tFg;Gf;fi fpsHr;rpa ngz;fs; m N[.tp.gp.f nghWg;ig jfg;gdhH fsj;jpy; f hpAld; $l FLk;gj;j tpj;jpahya fw;W Kb ghlrhiya nfhz;bUe uhzpg; N NjHe;njLf jpfjp elj uhzpg; Ngh nra;ag;gl;l ehs; nfhi
huizAk;
.tp.gp.apdH jpl;lkpl;- nghyp]; u Neuj;jpy; o; ngw;w nghyp]; ;fg;gl;lJ. N[.tp.gp. H. vdpDk;> pAk; ,lk; ghyp]hH Kbahky;
tj;jpdH q;fSf;F py; nyg;b- kapyhd jpfjpad;W ; ,.Ngh.r.- j;jpNyNa ,k;Kfhk;
mikf;fg;gl;ljd; gpwF fjpHfhkg; nghyp]; epiyaKk; Gduikf;fg;- gl;lJ.
,k;Kfhik mikj;- jTlNdNa nyg;bdd;l; tpN[#hpa Kjy; Ntiyahf fpsHr;rp- ahsHfis Ntl;ilah- Ljy; vDk; NghHitapy; fjpHfhkj;jpy; gy ngz;- fisf; ifJ nra;Jk;> flj;jpAk; nfhz;L te;J Kfhkpy; jLj;J itj;j- Jjhd;. Vg;uy; khjk; 16Mk; jpfjp kdk;Ng- hpapd; tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;W mtisAk; flj;jpr; nrd;wdH. moF uhzp kdk;Nghp
gpNuktjp kdk;Nghpf;F mg;NghJ taJ 22. N[.tp.gp.apd; Ie;J tFg;Gf;fisAk; MHtkhf Kbj;jts;. fpsHr;rpapd; NghJ fjpHfhkj;jpy; ngz;fs; mzpf;F jiyik jhq;fpats;. N[.tp.gp.f;fhd rPUil ijf;Fk; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jts;. jfg;gdhH tdg;ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;- fsj;jpy; fz;fhzpg;ghsH. kdk;Ng- hpAld; $lg;gpwe;jtHfs; gj;Jg;NgH. FLk;gj;jpy; %j;jts;. fjpHfhk tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; f.ngh.j. (rh-j) tiu fw;W Kbj;Jtpl;L tpl;L ngsj;j ghlrhiyapy; Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. 1969k; GJtUl moF uhzpg; Nghl;bapy; ,uz;lhtjhf NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;lhs;. 1970 Vg;uy; 16k; jpfjp elj;jg;gl;l GJ tUl moF uhzpg; Nghl;bapy; Kjyhtjhfj; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhs;. mLj;j tUlk; mNj ehs; nfhiyQHfshy; flj;jg;gl;lhs;.
5757
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flj;jYk; tijAk;
1971 Vg;uy; 16k; jpfjp fhiy 9 kzpa- stpy; kdk;Nghpapd; tPl;Lf;Fs; GFe;j nyg;bdd;l; tpN[#hpa jiyikapyhd FO tPl;bYs;s nghUl;fisf; fpz;bf; fpswp J}f;fpnawpe;jJ. kdk;Nghpia mbj;J jiy KbAld; ,Oj;Jr; nrd;wdH. jha; yPyhtjp "ngl;lg;gps;- isag;gh xz;Lk; nrQ;R NghlhjPq;Nfh Iah!" vd fjwp mOj tz;zk; gpd; njhlHe;j NghJ fhyhy; cijj;Jj; js;sptpl;L kdk;Nghpia J}f;fpf; nfhz;L thfdk; gwe;jJ.
md;iwa ,uT KOtJk; kdk;Nghp rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;lhs;. mLj;jehs; 17k; jpfjp kdk;Nghpaplk; tprhuiz Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
"Ie;J tFg;GfspYk; fye;J nfhz;lhah?"
nksdk; "N[.tp.gp.Ald; vt;tsT fhyk; njhlHG itj;jpUe;jha;?"
"........." "eP vd;ndd;d eltbf;iffSld; njhlHG nfhz;bUe;jha;?"
,jw;Fk; nksdk; rhjpf;fNt jq;fsJ tf;fpu ,ay;ig ntspf;fhl;bdH. kdk;Nghp tprhuiz tof;fpd; NghJ ntspte;j jfty;fs; ,it.
"rhp... ehd; nrhy;tij mtjhdkhff; Nfs;. nrhy;tijr; nra;ahtpl;lhy; cdJ capH NghFk;." ,J nyg;bdd;l; tpN[#hpa. mtH njhlHe;Jk; "cdJ Milfisf; xt;nthd;whff; fow;W..."
"INah.. NrH> Ntz;Lnkd;why; Rl;Lg; NghLq;fs;. Miliaf; fow;wr; nrhy;yhjPq;f..." vd kdk;Nghp fz;zPH tpl;Lf; fjwpdhH.
58
"mJ v kl;Lk; eP jiyapy; mOifAl cs;shil rpj;jputij isAk; f Mf;fpdH. kiwtplq;f
kdk;N tpN[#hpa Ghpe;jhd;. m rpy ,uhZt Ghpe;jdH. , jLj;J it ngz;fS cs;shdhHf
xU mi epfo;e;J nf miwapy; tpfhiu"apd tijf;Fs;s ,g;gpf;Fit gyhj;fhukh itj;jdH. Njhz;b i mUfpy; epW "Gdpj G+k fjpHfhkj;j epiwNtw;w capH gphpe
vy;yht kdk;Nghpi J}f;fr; nrhy jpUk;gpath gpwg;gpj;jd js;shbag tPjpapy; e rhH[d;l; Jg;ghf;fp
9 kzpa- ;Fs; GFe;j ikapyhd f; fpz;bf; k;Nghpia ,Oj;Jr; l;lg;gps;- hlhjPq;Nfh ;zk; gpd; cijj;Jj; J}f;fpf;
; kdk;Nghp Lj;jehs; tprhuiz
; fye;J
T fhyk;
ffSld;
t jq;fsJ ;fhl;bdH. pd; NghJ
jhdkhff; ;lhy; cdJ g;bdd;l; k; "cdJ ; fow;W..." ;why; Rl;Lg; ; fow;wr; hp fz;zPH
"mJ vdJ Ntiy. ehd; nrhy;tij kl;Lk; eP nra;" vd Jg;ghf;fpiaj; jiyapy; mOj;jp kpul;ba NghJ mOifAld; Nkyhilfisf; fow;wp cs;shilAld; ,Ue;jhs;. kPz;Lk; rpj;jputijf;F cs;shf;fp cs;shilf- isAk; fow;wp tpl;L ephthzk; Mf;fpdH. jdJ iffshy; kdk;Nghp kiwtplq;fis kiwj;jhs;.
kdk;Nghpia nyg;bdd;l; tpN[#hpa Kjypy; ghypay; ty;YwT Ghpe;jhd;. mjd; gpd; khwp> khwp Vida rpy ,uhZtj;jpdUk; ghypay; ty;YwT Ghpe;jdH. ,Nj Ntis mNj Kfhkpy; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j Vida ,sk; ngz;fSk; ghypay; ty;YwTf;F cs;shdhHfs;.
xU miwapy; ,e;j ml;Lopaq;fs; epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ gf;fj;J miwapy; "ntlfpl;b fe;j ghKy tpfhiu"apd; gpf;FTk; ,Nj Kfhkpy; tijf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,g;gpf;Fit jLg;gpYs;s ngz;fs; kPJ gyhj;fhukhf ghypay; ty;YwT Ghpa itj;jdH. ,Wjpapy; ,e;j gpf;FitAk; Njhz;b itf;fg;gl;bUe;j Fopf;F mUfpy; epWj;jp itj;J Rl;L tPo;j;jpdH. "Gdpj G+kp" vd nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w fjpHfhkj;jpy; jhd; ,e;j nfhLikfs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;ld. capH gphpe;j J.
vy;yhtw;iwAk; Kbj;j gpwF kdk;Nghpia iffspuz;ilAk; NkNy J}f;fr; nrhy;yp kPz;Lk; gzpf;fg;gl;lJ. jpUk;gpathW tPjpapy; elf;f fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jdH. miu kaf;f epiyapy; js;shbagb Jg;ghf;fp Kidapy; tPjpapy; elj;jg;gl;lhs; epHthzkhf. rhH[d;l; mkujhr uj;dhaf;fhtpd; Jg;ghf;fp KidapNyNa kdk;Nghp
giw-2001 et
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tPjpapy; elj;jg;gl;lhs;. kdk;Nghpia Kd;Nd nry;y tpl;L Jg;ghf;fp Njhl;lf;fshy; KJifj; Jisj;jhd; rhH[d;l; mkujhr. fPNo tpOe;j kdk;Nghpia kPz;Lk; cYf;fp epWj;jp elj;jpdhd; kPz;Lk; mtdpd; Jg;ghf;fpf; Fz;Lfs; kdk;Nghpapd; cliyj; Jisj;jd.
"jz;zPH jz;zPH..." vd KDfpa kdk;Nghpf;F vybd; vdg;gLk; tpahghhp xUtH jz;zPH nfhLf;f Kw;gl;lNghJ "tpyfpg; Ngh! cjtp nra;a Kw;gl;lhy; ePAk; nfhy;yg;gLtha;" vd mr;RWj;jg;- glNt mtUk; tpyfpr; nrd;whH. eLtPjpapy; #l;Lf; fhaq;fSld; tpOe;J fple;j kdk;Nghpia mg;gbNa tpl;Ltpl;L jpUk;gpdH. ,uhZtj;jpdH. gpd;dH CH thrpfshd vybd; (,tH ,d;dKk; capUld; ,Uf;fpwhH. kdk;Nghpapd; tof;fpy; Kf;fpa rhl;rpfspy; ,tUk; xUtH. ,tiur; re;jpf;f "rhpepfH" fjpHfhkj;Jf;F nrd;w Neuj;jpy; "kd;dpAq;fs; me;j nfhLu rk;gtj;ij epidTf;F nfhz;Ltu tpUk;gtpy;iy" vd mJ gw;wp fUj;Jiuf;f kWj;J tpl;lhH.)
fhjH> ngUkhs; Mfpa CH thrp- fis mioj;J gpzq;fisg; Gijg;g- jw;fhd Fopfisj; Njhz;Lk;gb fl;lisapl;ldH. mtHfs; Njhz;bdH. kdk;Nghpapd; Kdfiyf; Nfl;l vybd; mUfpy; nrd;w NghJ :me;j igadplk; (ngUkhs;) vdJ fhjzpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd mjidf; nfhz;L Ngha; mk;khtplk; nfhLj;J jq;iff;F mjid nfhLf;fr; nrhy;Yq;fs;. ehd; xUtUlDk; Nfhgkpy;iy fhkpdp gh]; jhd; FOg;gpg; Nghl;lhH..." (fpsHr;rpapd; NghJ fjpHfhkj;jhf;FjYf;F jiyik jhq;fpatH jhd; fhkpdp gh];) vdf; $wpf;
giw-2001 et
nfhz;Nl clNd jz nfhLj;J t nrd;W "c vdNt Gi ijj; njhp mDg;gp c jhd; nyg;b ,UtUk; KbahJ vd Utd; mD ,Wjpahf k by; Rl;lhd rha;e;jhs;. tiu mil
Kd;id moFuhzpa epiyaj;jpw capUk; gph GijFopf;F kdk;Ng nghyp]; K gpd;dH fz rpwpkh mur rprhuizf;F mJ kpifa nfhiyQH
1971k; M Kw;gfy; 10 GijFopap itj;jpa mDg;gg;g ,t;tof;F tof;fpd; ,W tpN[#hpa Mfpa ,U fLopa r toq;fg;gl 30k; jpfjp jz;liz
k;Nghpia Jg;ghf;fp isj;jhd; tpOe;j ;fp epWj;jp ; Jg;ghf;fpf; cliyj;
KDfpa k; tpahghhp ;gl;lNghJ w;gl;lhy; r;RWj;jg;- nrd;whH. d; tpOe;J g;gbNa tj;jpdH. bd; (,tH Uf;fpwhH. ; Kf;fpa . ,tiur; f;F nrd;w ;j nfhLu fhz;Ltu J gw;wp ) CH thrp- ; Gijg;g- z;Lk;gb jhz;bdH. ;l vybd; igadplk; Uf;fpd;wd k;khtplk; nfhLf;fr; tUlDk; ; FOg;gpg; d; NghJ jiyik vdf; $wpf;
nfhz;Nl jz;zPH Nfl;bUf;fpwhs;. clNd jz;zPiuf; nfhz;L te;J nfhLj;J tpl;L ,uhZt KfhKf;Fr; nrd;W "capH ,d;dKk; ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt Gijg;gjw;F KbahJ." vd;g- ijj; njhptpj;jhH. clNd ,Utiu mDg;gp capiug; Nghf;Fk;gb gzpj;- jhd; nyg;bdd;l; tpN[#hpa. mtHfs; ,UtUk; mg;ghtr; nraiy nra;a KbahJ vd jpUk;gp tplNt ,d;ndh- Utd; mDg;gg;gl;lhd;. mtd; Ngha; ,Wjpahf kdk;Nghpapd; new;wpg; nghl;- by; Rl;lhd;. kdk;Nghp Gij Fopapy; rha;e;jhs;. (,Wjpahf Rl;l egH ,Wjp tiu milahsk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.)
Kd;ida tUlk; ,Nj ehs; moFuhzpahf fhl;rpaspj;j mNj jghy; epiyaj;jpw;fUfpNyNa kdk;Nghpapd; capUk; gphpe;jJ. mNj ,lj;jpy; kdpj GijFopf;Fs; Gije;jJ. mtsJ cly;. kdk;Nghpapd; gLnfhiy njhlHghd nghyp]; Kiwg;ghLfs; rpytw;wpd; gpd;dH fz;Jilg;Gf;fhfNt md;iwa rpwpkh murhq;fk; kdk;Nghpapd; tof;if rprhuizf;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;lnjd;why; mJ kpifapy;iy. nfhiyQHfspd; KbT.
1971k; Mz;L Nk khjk; 24k; jpfjp Kw;gfy; 10.30f;F kdk;Nghpapd; rlyk; GijFopapypUe;J kPs vLf;fg;gl;L itj;jpa ghpNrhjidf;F mDg;gg;gl;lJ. 1973 Nk khjj;jpy; ,t;tof;F tprhuiz 11 ehl;fs; ele;jJ. tof;fpd; ,Wjpapy; nyg;bdd;l; my;gpul; tpN[#hpa rhH[hd;l; mkujhr uj;ehaf;f Mfpa ,UtUf;Fk; gjpdhW tUl fLopa rpiwj;jz;lid jPHg;ghf toq;fg;gl;lJ. 1973k; Mz;L Nk khjk; 30k; jpfjp ,j;jPHg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ. jz;liz toq;fg;gl;l ,U
5959
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,uhZtj;jpdUk; jq;fs; kPjhd jPHg;Gf;F vjpuhf Nkd;KiwaPL nra;jdH. ,k;Nkd;KiwaPl;L tof;F 1973 xf;Nlhghpy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,t;tof;fpYk; rhpahdNj vd jPHg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ. mtHfs; jz;lidia
60
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gw;wp mwptjpy; gy;NtW gyUk; MHtkhf ,Uf Fwpj;j tplaq;fis , vOj Ntz;lhk; vd jdpg;gl;l nrhe;j tho r%f tpQ;Qhdj;ij m kj;jpapYk; $l ,Uf Ghpjy;fSk;> gpioah elj;ijfSNk ,e;j K njhlq;fj; J}z;baJ.
ntspehl;by; rhjpa itg;gtHfs; ngUk;ghY ,aq;fpaJ vd;fpw ghHi nfhz;L> Mf> ,q;F m tUtijf; fhzKbfpw Vw;wj;jho;itf; nfhz;L kl;LNk fUj;jpw; nfhz rhjpaj;jpd; gz;G kh khwpAs;sd. Fwpg;g etPdkag;gLj;jg;g MfpapUf;fpwJ. mfkz gpuNjr hPjpapy; mzpjpu tbtpy; vg;gb epWtd Njthyaq;fspy; vg
mDgtpj;J mtHfs rpiwapy; rhH[d;l; m tpLjiya N[.tp.gp.apd
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gw;wp mwptjpy; gy;NtW r%f Ma;thsHfSk; ,d;Dk; gyUk; MHtkhf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. giw rQ;rpifapy; ,J Fwpj;j tplaq;fis ,e;j ,jopy; rpy fhuzq;fshy; vOj Ntz;lhk; vd;wpUe;Njd;. Mdhy; vdJ jdpg;gl;l nrhe;j tho;f;ifapy; Vw;gl;l epfo;TfSk; r%f tpQ;Qhdj;ij mwpe;jtHfs; vd;W ek;gpatHfs; kj;jpapYk; $l ,Uf;fpd;w Fog;gq;fSk; jtwhd Ghpjy;fSk;> gpioahd tpsf;fq;fSk;> frg;ghd elj;ijfSNk ,e;j Kiw rpW Fwpg;NghL ,J Fwpj;J njhlq;fj; J}z;baJ.
ntspehl;by; rhjpak; ,y;iy vd;fpw thjj;ij itg;gtHfs; ngUk;ghYk; jhafj;jpy; rhjpak; vt;thW ,aq;fpaJ vd;fpw ghHitia kl;LNk mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> Mf> ,q;F mJ ,y;iy vd;fpw KbTf;F tUtijf; fhzKbfpwJ. ntWk; jPz;lhikAk;> nghpa Vw;wj;jho;itf; nfhz;Ls;s tHf;f ,ilntspiaAk; kl;LNk fUj;jpw; nfhz;l Ghpjy; ,it. Gfyplj;jpy; rhjpaj;jpd; gz;G khwtpy;iy. mjd; tbtq;fs; khwpAs;sd. Fwpg;ghf mJTk; NrHe;J ,d;W etPdkag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. modernize MfpapUf;fpwJ. mfkzKiw vt;thW ,aq;FfpwJ. gpuNjr hPjpapy; mzpjpus;tjw;$lhf mJ kPsTk; Gjpa tbtpy; vg;gb epWtdkag;gLfpwJ? Nfhtpy; kw;Wk; Njthyaq;fspy; vg;gb mJ NtW tbtj;jpy;
; kPjhd ;KiwaPL ;L tof;F g;gl;lJ. d jPHg;G ;lidia
mDgtpj;J te;jdH.
mtHfspy; nyg;bdd;dl; tpN[#hpa rpiwapy; NehAw;W kuzkhdhd;. rhH[d;l; mkujhr jz;lid KbTw;W tpLjiyahd gpd; 1988,y; N[.tp.gp.apduhy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhd;.
giw-2001 et
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mikg;ghfpwJ?
ngz;fspd; kPjhd "Gdpjj; jd;ik" rhjpaj;Jf;$lhf vg;gb gl;il jPl;lg;gLfpwJ? ,it vt;thw ,q;F gy;NtW fyhrhu> fy;tp>> murpay; hPjpapy; epWtdkag;gLfpd;w NghJ jhf;fk; epfo;j;JfpwJ. ,tw;wpd; jiyikfs; cUthf;fg;gLfpw NghJ elf;fpd;w FOthjq;fspy; NtW}d;wpapUf;fpd;w rhjpa mk;rk; vd;d? ntspehLspy; cs;s gpuNjrq;fspy; (njUf;fspy; my;yJ njhlHkhbfspy;) FLk;gq;fshf> CuhHfshf> xd;WgLtjd; gpd;dzpapy; ,it nfhz;bUf;fpw rhjpa cwT kw;Wk; ntspg;ghL vd;d vd;gJ Fwpj;J epiwaNt Ngr Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. vg;NghJk; NghyNt ,J Fwpj;J Ngrg;gLfpd;w NghJ fpsk;Gk; vjpHg;Gf- Sf;F k;> jdpikg;g Lj;j g;g lYf;F k;> gae;J gyH Ngr Kd;tUtjpy;iy vd;gJ jhd; ,jd; kpfg;nghpa mtyk;. Mdhy; ,it Ngrg;gl;Nl MfNtz;ba fl;lhaj;jpw;F ehk; js;sg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;. K;fpakhf mLj;j jiyKiwf;Fk; ,J flj;jg;gLk; Mgj;J Fwpj;j mr;rj;jpw;F js;sg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. NeubahfNth kiwKfkhfNth ,it vg;gb ,aq;Ffpd;wd vd;gJ Fwpj;J tpsf;fk; nfhLf;fNt Kbahj msTf;F jdpikg;glNtz;ba #oy; ,q;F epyTfpwJ.
jkJ rhjp> CH> njhopy;> tHf;fk;> kjk;> Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d milahsq;fis ,Wf;fpg;gpbf;fhj ,lq;fSk; ,y;yhkypy;iy. rpy ,lq;fspy; rpwpa
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'Gfyplj;jpy; rhjpaj;jpd; gz;G khw tbtq;fs; khwpAs;sd. Fwpg;ghf m ,d;W etPdkag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd
MfpapUf;fpwJ."
vz;zpf;i kw;wtHfis cs;s trjp ntbf;Fk; , ,Uf;fpd;wd Neubahf fhuzq;fs mur fl;li rhjpfisf; epiyfSk nrhj;Jf;fs Vida rhj $ba trjp me;j];Jf; ,lq;fspy me;j];Jf;F fhuzpahf NrHe;J tpL xNu rhj khwp xU cUthfpAs tHf;fk; , ClhfTk;
xd;iw jhafj;jpY mlf;fg;gL nfsutkpf;f tpUg;G n fl;likf;f ghHj;jhy; m
gy;NtW gd;Kf jhf Fwpj;J ,d ,J Fwpj vOJq;fs;.
hjpaj;jpd; gz;G khwtpy;iy. mjd; pAs;sd. Fwpg;ghf mJTk; NrHe;J kag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. modernize
MfpapUf;fpwJ."
j; jd;ik" gl;il hw ,q;F y; hPjpapy; jhf;fk; yikfs; lf;fpd;w pd;w rhjpa py; cs;s ; my;yJ gq;fshf> ;dzpapy; wT kw;Wk; Fwpj;J pUf;fpwJ. Fwpj;J vjpHg;Gf- ;F k;> gae;J d;gJ jhd; hy; ,it ;lhaj;jpw;F K;fpakhf lj;jg;gLk; ;rj;jpw;F ahfNth vg;gb tpsf;fk; msTf;F y; ,q;F
f;fk;> kjk;> hsq;fis lq;fSk; py; rpwpa
vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ug;gjhy; kw;wtHfisAk; mutizj;Jg; Nghtjpy; cs;s trjpfis czHe;jhYk; $l mit ntbf;Fk; ,lq;fs; filrpapy; ,g;gbj;jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Gfyplj;jpy; rhjpa rr;ruTfs; Neubahf epfohky; ,Ug;gjw;Fhpa fhuzq;fspy; xd;W ,q;Fs;s rl;lq;fSk; mur fl;likg;Gk; ,lq;nfhLg;gjpy;iy. rhjpfisf; fle;J tHf;f hPjpapy; gyuJ epiyfSk; rkg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. nrhj;Jf;fs;> fy;tp> njhopy; vd;fpw hPjpapy; Vida rhjpapdUk; Nghl;b Nghlf;$lf; $ba trjpfisf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> r%f me;j];Jf;F ,it NghJkhdjhd gy ,lq;fspy; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. r%f me;j];Jf;F Jiz NrHf;Fk; kpfg; nghpa fhuzpahf gy ,lq;fspy; rhjp te;J NrHe;J tpLfpwJ.
xNu rhjp xNu tHf;fkhf ,Ue;j epiy khwp xU rhjpf;Fs; gy tHf;fq;fis cUthfpAs;sd. mNj Neuj;jpy; xNu tHf;fk; ,d;iwf;F gy rhjpfspd; ClhfTk; ,aq;fp tUfpwJ.
xd;iw kl;Lk; ehk; czu Ntz;Lk;. jhafj;jpYk; rhp> Gfyplj;jpYk; rhp mlf;fg;gLk; rhjpapdhpd; ehfhpfKk; nfsutkpf;f tho;f;ifAk; caH rhjpapdhpd; tpUg;G ntWg;GfSf;F cl;lgl;ljhf fl;likf;fg;gl;L tUtij EZf;fkhf ghHj;jhy; milahsk; fhzyhk;.
gy;NtW tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L ,aq;fp gd;Kf jhf;fq;fis epfo;j;jp tUk; ,it Fwpj;J ,dp tUk; ,jo;fspy; vOJNthk;. ,J Fwpj;j ghHitfis ePq;fSk; vOJq;fs;.
6161
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2000 {dpy; ntspte;j uhta gj;jphpifapy; mjd; Mr ntbtHjd ntbtHjd ntbtHjd ntbtHjd ntbtHjd vOjp> nry;tH vd;gtuhy; jkpOf;F nkhop ,J. rpq;fs thrfHfis Nehf;fp vOjg;gl;l ,e;j ftpij ftpij. rpq;fs Nghpdthj rf;jpfs; kj;jpapy; rHr;iriaA ,J. kQ;Ry ntbtHjdtpd; fd;dp khpah vDk; rpWf ,yq;if murhq;fj;jhy; jil nra;ag;gl;lJ. mJ ,d;d rpf;fpapUf;fpwJ. "giw" thrfHfSf;fhf kPz;Lk; mtu
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rfy - ,ilf;fpil tpUJ ghLtJ Nfl;fpd;wJ vd;Kd; ntw;Wf;fhfpjj; jhs;
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vd kpje;J te;j ,iwr;rpj; Jz;lnkhd;W fhfpjj;jpy; tPo;e;J Nahdpapd; tbtike;jJ mJ NfhNz];thpapDilaJ mk;ghiwapypUe;J nfhOk;G tu ,j;jid ehsh? vt;tsT J}uj;jpy; ek; fz;fspy; fz;zPH Fsph;fpd;wJ
62
gj;jphpifapy; mjd; MrphpaH FOtpYs;s kQ;RskQ;RskQ;RskQ;RskQ;Rs vd;gtuhy; jkpOf;F nkhopngah;g;G nra;ag;gl;l ftpij ;fp vOjg;gl;l ,e;j ftpij kpfTk; gugug;ghf Ngrg;gl;l ;jpfs; kj;jpapy; rHr;iriaAk; fpsg;gptpl;bUe;j ftpij ; fd;dp khpah vDk; rpWfijj; njhFjp nrd;wtUlk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mJ ,d;dKk; ePjpkd;w tprhuizapy; fHfSf;fhf kPz;Lk; mtuJ ftpij.
ehd;
fz;z PUf;F kj;j papy; ehd; mq;F yp khyhthf my;y ypq;fkhyh MNdd;
ypq;f khyh thfpNdd; vdf;F tpuy;fs; Njitapy;iy Mz;FwpfNs Njit ntF gf;jpahf tyJ fuj;jpy; ,iwr;rpiaAk; kWfuj;jpy; ,Wf;fkhf MAjj;jpidAk; vLj;Jg; Gwg;glyhNdd; topapy; re;jpf;Fk; tPLfis jl;b rfy rpq;fs Mz;FwpfisAk; -ntl;b E}yhff; NfhHj;J ,Wjpapy; vdJ M.......... Ntjidia jhq;fpf; nfhz;L =ghj kiyapd; fOj;jpw;F Mz;Fwpfis khiyaha; #l;bNdd; vd;i d jLj;J epWj;j Nghjp khjtd;,y;y hjjhy; ehd; ,jidr; nra;Njd; rNfhju ghrkw;w czHT mw;w ,dk; xd;W vjw;F vd;Kd; ntw;Wf; fhfpjk; mjd; kPJ ,uj;jf;fiw ,J xU jkpo;f; ftpij mjdhy; rpq;fstUf;F ,J Ghpatpy;iy
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vdJ ghHita
rKj;jpud;
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1980
fspy; jk
Kidg;igr; re;jpj;jJ. Nk Nfhhpf;Ftpe;j jkpoHfsplkpU mJ xU Gjpa kugpd; t kuig Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpo; gpd;Ndhf;fpg; ghhf;Fk;NghJ gpukpg;G+l;LtjhfNt ,Uf tho;ej jkpo; murpay; ciog;gpd; tpisthf Kg;g ntspte;jd. mNj Mz;b "RtLfs;" FOtpdH "JUt njhFg;gpid ntspapl;ldH rQ;rpifahf ntspte;J nf khHfop khjj;jpy; Nkw;F ,yf;fpar; re;jpg;G kpfTk; me;j ,yf;fpa re;jpg;gpd re;jHg;gk; vdf;F fpilj; epfo;r;rpia epidT $ ,lk;ngw;w fye;Jiuahly kdjpw;F kl;Lkd;wp rHtNj murpay; r%f ,af;fq;fS ehl;fs; njhlhr;rpahf kz;lg gytpjkhd fUj;Jg;ghpkhwy ehd; ,uT xU kzptiu ez re;jHg;gq;fisg; ngw;Nwd;. f itj;j NgHypd; RtH tPo;e;J ekJ fye;Jiuahly;fSf;F jkpohpd; tpLjiy jkp Nrhryprj;jpd; vjpHfhyk; re;jpg;gpd; tpthjg; nghU jkpohpd; ,yf;fpar; nraw;g ghhpa ghpkhzq;fs; gw;wpg;
,yf;fpar; re;jpg;Gf;fs; 2001 A+iyapy; 28tJ re;jpg;G ,lk;ngw;wJ. ehd; mg;Ngh
ghHitapy;...
1980
fspy; jkpo; ,yf;fpay; xU Gjpa
idg;igr; re;jpj;jJ. Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfspy; Gfyplk; hhpf;Ftpe;j jkpoHfsplkpUe;J gpwe;jJ me;j Kidg;G. J xU Gjpa kugpd; tUifia mwptpj;jJ. me;j ig Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpo; ,yf;fpankd mioj;Njhk;. ;Ndhf;fpg; ghhf;Fk;NghJ mjd; Muk;gfhy tsHr;rp kpg;G+l;LtjhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. 1989,y; INuhg;ghtpy; ho;ej jkpo; murpay; ,yf;fpa MHtyHfspd; og;gpd; tpisthf Kg;gJf;F Nkw;gl;l rQ;rpiffs; spte;jd. mNj Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; x];Nyhtpd; tLfs;" FOtpdH "JUtr; RtLfs;" vDk; ftpijj; hFg;gpid ntspapl;ldH. RtLfs; mg;NghJ xU khj ;rpifahf ntspte;J nfhzbUe;jJ. mNj Mz;bd; Hfop khjj;jpy; Nkw;F NgHypd; efhpy; MwhtJ f;fpar; re;jpg;G kpfTk; Nfhyhfykhf ,lk;ngw;wJ. e;j ,yf;fpa re;jpg;gpd; gq;Fgw;wp cuiahw;Wk; ;jHg;gk; vdf;F fpilj;jJ. me;j Nkw;F NgHypd; fo;r;rpia epidT $Uk; Nghnjy;yhk; mq;F lk;ngw;w fye;Jiuahly;fSk; tpthjq;fSk; vd; jpw;F kl;Lkd;wp rHtNjr epiyikfSk; gytpjkhd urpay; r%f ,af;fq;fSk; tpthjpf;fg;gl;ld. %d;W l;fs; njhlhr;rpahf kz;lgj;jpw;Fs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; tpjkhd fUj;Jg;ghpkhwy;fs;. me;j %d;W ehl;fSk; d; ,uT xU kzptiu ez;gHfSld; fye;JiuahLk; ;jHg;gq;fisg; ngw;Nwd;. fpof;ifAk; Nkw;ifAk; gphpj;J tj;j NgHypd; RtH tPo;e;J rpy ehl;fs;. ,e;j epfo;r;rpAk; J fye;Jiuahly;fSf;F xU ce;Jjyhf mike;jJ.. pohpd; tpLjiy jkpo;r;r%fj;jpd; vjpHfhyk; hryprj;jpd; vjpHfhyk; ,itnay;yhk; ,yf;fpar; ;jpg;gpd; tpthjg; nghUl;fshapd. Gyk;ngaHe;j pohpd; ,yf;fpar; nraw;ghLfspd; Gyj;jpd; Gug;gpd; hpa ghpkhzq;fs; gw;wpg; Ngrp tpae;Njhk;.
,yf;fpar; re;jpg;Gf;fs; INuhg;ghtpy; njhlHfpd;wd. 01 A+iyapy; 28tJ re;jpg;G NehhNtapd; NgHfd; efhpy; k;ngw;wJ. ehd; mg;NghJ ,yq;if nrd;wpUe;jjhy;
6363
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,r;re;jpg;gpy; gq;Fgw;w Kbatpy;iy. NgHypDf;Fg; gpwF ehd; gq;Fgw;wpa ,uz;lhtJ ,yf;fpar; re;jpg;G ghhprpy; ,lk;ngw;w 27tJ ,yf;fpar; re;jpg;ghFk;. ,jpy; $l JujpU];ltrkhf Kjyhk; ehs; kl;LNk fye;Jnfhs;s Kbe;jJ. ghhp]; re;jpg;G ed;whfNt ,Ue;jJ. 1989,y; NgHypdpy; fz;L mDgtpj;j cj;Ntfj;ijAk; murpay; tpthjq;fisAk; ghhprpy; fhzTk; mDgtpf;fTk; Kbatpy;iy. MapDk; rpy tplaq;fs; myrp Muhag;gl;lJ.
ey;y mwpFahfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,yf;fpa murpay;> jj;JthHj;j tl;lq;fspy; ,d;W Kf;fpaj;Jk;ngWk; rpy tplaq;fs; mq;F fpsg;gg;gl;ld. INuhg;ghtpy; ,d;W Kidg;G ngw;Ws;s gpd;etPdj;Jtk; rhHe;j rpy mk;rq;fs; NknyOe;Jthhpahf myrg;gl;ld. mNj Ntis cyfkakhf;fy; gw;wp ehd; Kd;itj;j tplaq;fs; gw;wp ,lJrhhp ez;gHfs; gy Nfs;tpfis vOg;gpdH. Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpoH kj;jpapy; ,d;iwa INuhg;gpa tpthjq;fspy; ; Mf;fj;jpwd;fspd; ntspg;ghL
vdyhk;."
. ,yf;fpa spy; ,d;W ;fs; mq;F py; ,d;W Pdj;Jtk; k;rq;fs; ;ld. mNj w;wp ehd; p ,lJrhhp vOg;gpdH.
1990fspd; Kw;gFjpapypUe;J Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpo; FOf;fs; ntspapLk; rQ;rpiffs; msT hPjpapy; mUfp tUfpd;wd. ePz;lfhykhf ntspte;j "RtLfs;" Nghd;w rQ;rpiffs; ,g;NghJ epd;W tpl;ld. ,e;j msT hPjpahd tPo;r;rp njhlhf;fpwJ. ,jd; jd;ik hPjpahd tpisTfs; vj;jifait? ,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;F xU nghJg;gilahd gjpiyf; nfhLf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;.
; f;fpwhHfs; LghLs;s ,d;iwa
Kjyhtjhf FiwghL aj;jpw;F Gyk;ngaHe;j ,Ue;J ,e;j te;j msT jkpo; gd;Kfj; hPjpahd ,yf;fp-
jd;ikfisf; FWf;fpAs;snjdyhk;. pg;Gfspy;
INuhg;ghtpd; gy gFjpfspypUe;Jk; hy; ,Jtu
ntspaPLfs; te;jfhyj;jpypUe;j w;wpa xU
Gtpapay; r%ftpay; hPjpahf gutpa njhFg;gp-
gd;Kfj; jd;ikia Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpo; ,r;re;jpg;-
,yf;fpak; ,oe;J tUfpwJ Nghy;
giw-2001 et
Page 65
gLfpwJ. mLj;jjhf ,e;jg; gd;Kfg; Nghf;FfSf;Fr; nrOikiaAk; Fwpg;gpl;l milahsq;fisAk; nfhLj;j murpay; jj;JthHj;j Gyq;fSk; ,g;NghJ FWfptpl;lnjdyhk;.
kWGwk; ,g;NghJ ,aq;fptUk; rQ;rpiffs; gYk;ngaHe;j jkpohpd; ,uz;lhk; re;jjpapdhpd; gpur;rpidf- isg; gw;wp Mog;ghHf;Fk; Nghf;fpidf; nfhz;bUg;gjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. 1980fspy; Gyk;ngaHe;jtH kj;jpapy; ,g;NghJ ,U re;jjpfSf;fpilapy; cwTfs; xU Kf;fpa mk;rkhfptpl;ld. ,e;j cwTfspd;md;whl eilKiwfspy; ntspg;ghLfspy; Kuz;ghLfs; gy. FLk;gq;fSf;Fs;Ns re;jjpjpfSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghL fyhr;rhuq;fSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghlhfp gy tpjkhd cstpay; jhf;fq;fisg; gps;isfspd; kPJk; ngw;NwhH kPJk; Vw;gLj;jp tUfpwJ. ,J gw;wp ntspg;gilahfg; NgRk; epiyapy; gyH ,y;iy. xU rpy rpWfijfspy; ehty;fspy; ,e;jg; gpur;rpidapd; rpy ghpkhzq;fs; gpujpgypf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mJ NghJkh? ,yf;fpa re;jpg;Gf;fs; ,j;jifa gpur;rpidfSf;F vj;jifa njhlHr;rpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; nfhLj;Js;sd?
r%f> fyhr;rhu cstpay; gpur;rpid- fshy; mtjpg;gLk; gy ngw;NwhH kj;jpapy; mjhtJ flTsplk; tpNkhrdk; NjLfpwhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghf;fpd; tpisTfs; vd;d? ngw;Nwhhpd; mjPj kj ek;gpf;if gps;isfspd; r%fg; gpur;rpidfis jdpkdpj Msikia vg;gbg; ghjpf;fpd;wd? ,j;jifa Nfs;tpfs; r%f Ma;Tf;fhd Nfs;tpfs; jhd;. mNj Ntis ,it Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpohpd;
giw-2001 et
tho;epiy vd;gjhy; M wpd; gp NjlNtz;L
Gyk;ng ghhpa vOr ntspehl re;jjpapd; Vf;fq;fspd spd; nts x nghw;fhyn mjd; mu jd;ikfis me;j fhy toptpl;Ls lj;jpd; Gyk ghpkhzq;f ghpkhzq;f njhl;Ls;Ns tpkHrdj;i r%fj;jpd; ekJ r%fg;Ngh ed;F fpufpf E}y;fspd; muq;Nfw;w r%fj;jpi kWkyhr;rpn Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jg;gh rQ;rpifia nra;Ak; Njitia ntspaPL v ,JNt g vjpHghHg;gJ xU jukhd ntw;wplj; vjpHghHf;fp
; gd;Kfg; kiaAk; k; nfhLj;j yq;fSk; k;.
q;fptUk; jkpohpd; ur;rpidf- hf;fpidf; tpy;iy. kj;jpapy; ;fpilapy; hfptpl;ld. ;md;whl hLfspy; f;Fs;Ns Kuz;ghL apyhd cstpay; pd; kPJk; fpwJ. ,J ; epiyapy; fijfspy; apd; rpy l;Ls;sd. ;jpg;Gf;fs; vj;jifa tj;ijf;
pur;rpid- ngw;NwhH lTsplk; ;. ,e;jg; vd;d? k;gpf;if pidfis vg;gbg; ;tpfs; r%f hd;. mNj jkpohpd;
tho;epiyapypUe;J gpwf;fpd;wd vd;gjhy; Mf;f ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; ,tw;- wpd; gpujpgypg;Gf;fis ehk; NjlNtz;Lk;.
Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ghhpa vOr;rpf;fhyk; Ngha;tpl;lJ. mJ ntspehl;bw;F ,lk;ngaHe;j xU re;jjpapd; KjyhtJ gj;JtUlq;fspd; Vf;fq;fspd;> Njly;fspd; Mf;fj;jpwd;f- spd; ntspg;ghL vdyhk;. mij ehk; x U nghw;fhynkdf;fUjj;Njitapy;iy. mjd; murpay; r%f re;jHg;gj;jpd; jd;ikfis kwe;JtplyhfhJ. ,g;NghJ me;j fhyf;fl;lk; ,d;ndhd;wpw;F toptpl;Ls;sJ. ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;- lj;jpd; Gyk;ngaHe;j jkpo; ,yf;fpa kuG ghpkhzq;fisj; NjlNtz;Lk;. ,e;jg; ghpkhzq;fspd; rpy mk;rq;fs; NkNy njhl;Ls;Nsd;. ekJ Mf;fj;jpwidAk; tpkHrdj;ijAk; NkYk; Mokhf ekJ r%fj;jpd; Kd;Nd gha;r;rNtz;Lk;. ekJ r%fj;jpw;Fs;NapUf;Fk; r%fg;Nghf;Ffis gphpthf;fq;fis ed;F fpufpf;f Ntz;Lk;. rQ;rpiffspd;> E}y;fspd; ntspaPl;L itgtq;fs; muq;Nfw;wq;fshf mikahJ ekJ r%fj;jpid fyhr;rhu hPjpapy; kWkyhr;rpngw cjTk; fw;fyhf mika Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jg;ghHitapy; "giw" vDk; Gjpa rQ;rpifia ehk; vjpHfhyj;jpy; kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; NghJ> mJ xU r%fj; Njitia G+Hj;jp nra;a Kd;dpw;Fk; ntspaPL vd;w Kbtpw;F tuNtz;Lk;. ,JNt giwaplk; ,Ue;J ehk; vjpHghHg;gJ. NehHNtapy; ePz;lfhykhf xU jukhd rQ;rpif ,y;iy. me;j ntw;wplj;ij "giw" epug;Gk; vd vjpHghHf;fpNwd;.
6565
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66
,uty; Rthrk; vq;fSf;F
fhw;iwf;fpopj;J thdk; vl;Lk; ghly;t rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; ,wiff; nfhz;L Gt thOk; tho;f;if vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jk ,uty; Rthrk; vq;fSf;Fj; Njitapy capiu capu;f;Fk; Nts;tpnahd;iw , tpjpNa nty;Yk; vd;w nrhy;iyj; J fjTk; jpwe;J ifffs; ePl;b tho;it fhw;iwf;fpopj;J thdk; vl;Lk; ghly;t rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; rpwiff;nfhz;Lg; Gt thOk; tho;f;if vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jk ,uty; Rthrk; vq;fSf;Fj; Njitapy
,ir
G+l;b ghl;b fhj;j Kiwfs; guzpy; J}rpj;jl;b NgZk; kuG mw;gkhdNj fhypy; ,lWk; fw;fs; ahTk; Jr;rkhd tho;tpd; mu;j;jk; GupAk;Ntis kPs [ ep[j;jpd; Kj;jk; fd;dk; njhl;L capi fhw;iwf; fpopj;J thdk; vl;Lk; ghly rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; ,wiff; nfhz;Lg; G thOk; tho;f;if vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jk ,uty; Rthrk; vq;fSf;Fj; Njitapy
,ir
tpyf;fg;gl;l fdpfs; ahTk; vl;bg; gw rgpf;fg;gl;l fw;fs; vd;W xd;Wkpy;i fupAk; GifAk; vupj;j %r;ir kPl;Lf; n tpau;itj;Jspia kjpf;fr; nra;J ,U fdtha;j; Njhd;wpa fhyk; ifapy; el ehDk; ePAk;> ePAk; ehDk; NtW ,y;i jPia vupf;Fk; typik nfhz;Nlhk; G fhw;iwf;fpopj;J thdk; vl;Lk; ghly;t rpl;Lf;FUtpapd; ,wiff; nfhz;Lg; G thOk; tho;f;if vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jk ,uty; Rthrk; vq;fSf;Fj; Njitapy
k; vq;fSf;Fj; Njitapy;iy
thdk; vl;Lk; ghly;tupNah. . ,wiff; nfhz;L Gtpiar; Rw;WNj vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jk; nrhe;jNk . . q;fSf;Fj; Njitapy;iyNa.
; Nts;tpnahd;iw ,d;W nra;FNthk; . . ; vd;w nrhy;iyj; J}u tPRNthk; ffs; ePl;b tho;it Nerpg;Nghk; thdk; vl;Lk; ghly;tupNah . .
rpwiff;nfhz;Lg; Gtpiar; Rw;WNj vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jk; nrhe;jNk . . . q;fSf;Fj; Njitapy;iy.
;j Kiwfs; guzpy; JapYNj k; kuG mw;gkhdNj w;fs; ahTk; Jr;rkhdNj ; GupAk;Ntis kPs [dpg;Nghk;. fd;dk; njhl;L capiuj; juprpf;Fk;
thdk; vl;Lk; ghly;tupNah . . ,wiff; nfhz;Lg; Gtpiar; Rw;WNj vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jk; nrhe;jNk q;fSf;Fj; Njitapy;iy
pfs; ahTk; vl;bg; gwpg;Nghk; s; vd;W xd;Wkpy;iyNa upj;j %r;ir kPl;Lf; nfhs;Nthk;
kjpf;fr; nra;J ,Ug;ig nty;YNthk; pa fhyk; ifapy; eldkhLNk k; ehDk; NtW ,y;iyNa. . ypik nfhz;Nlhk; Gd;dif nrhe;jk;. thdk; vl;Lk; ghly;tupNah . . .
,wiff; nfhz;Lg; Gtpiar; Rw;WNj vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jk; nrhe;jNk . . q;fSf;Fj; Njitapy;iyNa.
giw-2001 et
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giw-2001 et
uh[pdp
ghypayghypayghypayghypayghypay;
ikag;gLj;jp cUthdjh vt;thwhd r%fKiwika vq;fy;]; cl;gl ,d;iwa n mwpQh;fs; gyUk; jj;jk; M Kd;itj;Js;sdh;. ,th;fs nghJthd KbT> ngz;i njhlq;fpaJld;> ngz;zpd kPjhd Mzhjpf;f r%fj;jp gl;lJlDk;> Mzpd; ghypa njhlq;fpajdJk; tpisthf xU rhuhh; jkJ ghypay; M js;sg;gl;ldh; vd;gjhFk;.
ngz;iz Mz; mbik gLj;jj; jhlq;fpaJld;> ngz;zpd; ghypay; eltbf;iffspd; Pjhd Mzhjpf;f r%fj;jpd; tiuaiwfs; Vw;gLj;jg;- ;lJlDk;> Mzpd; ghypay; eyid Kjd;ikg;gLj;jj; hlq;fpajdJk; tpisthfj;jhd; r%fj;jpy; ngz;fspd; U rhuhh; jkJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;Fk; epiyf;Fj;
;sg;gl;ldh; vd;gjhFk;.
jpa mjpfhuj;jpd; Jiznfhz;L Mjpf;f rhjpa z;fs; mlf;fg;gl;l rhjpa ngz;fis ghypay; uz;lYf;F cs;shf;FtJ eilngw;wJ. ,q;F j;jpw;Fg; gjpy; FbapUf;f Jz;Lf; fhzp> nfhl;by;> zT nghUs; Nghd;wd toq;fg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; ,e;j iwik xU Mz; gy ngz;fspypUe;J njhpT nra;- J vd;gJ Nghy; my;yhky; jdJ FLk;g mjpfhuj;- w;F cl;gl;l mbikr;rhjpa FLk;gq;fsJ ngz;fS- dhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;gbahf> mlf;fg;gl;l rhjpa gz;fspd; cly; ciog;Gk;> ghypay; Mw;wYk; Mjpf;f
6767
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rhjpa Mz;fspdhy; Ruz;lg;gLtJ eilngw;wJ.
rhjpag; Nghuhl;lq;fspd; tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;F fhuzkhf ,e;j mehfhpf Kiwik khw;wKwj; njhlq;fpaJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ Gjpa #oypy; ghypay; njhopy; ekJ r%fj;jpy; cUthfpAs;sJ. ek;kPJ jpzpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Aj;jj;jpd; tpisTfs; r%fj;jpd; gy;NtW rhjpa> th;f;fj; jl;Lfis rhh;e;j ngz;fisAk; ghypay; njhopypy; jkJk; jk;ik rhh;e;jpUg;NghuJk; mbg;gil caph;tho;Tf;fhd Njitfis G+h;j;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfj;jhd; ekJ rNfhjhpfs; jkJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;f Kd;tUfpd;wdh;. khwhf> ngz;fspd; epiyapy; ,J xd;Wk; kfpo;r;rpf;Fhpa tptfhuky;y. ghypay; njhopypy; Mz;fspd; ghh;itapy; ghypay; njhopy; vd;gJ NtWtpjkhd- jhf cs;sJ.
"ngz; cly; vd;gJ Mzpd; ghypay; ,d;gj;jpw;fhd gz;lk;" vDk; epiyapypUe;Nj ghypay; njhopy; Mzhy; mZfg;gLfpwJ. ,J gw;wp xU rk;gtj;ij cjhuzj;jpw;F vLf;f KbAk;.
fle;j tUlk; Nfushtpy; "mfpy ,e;jpa nrf;]; njhopyhsh; khehL"
68
eilngw;wJ midtU ,th;fsJ jhq;fpath $Wfpwhh; v
nrf;] gyUf;F m Mz;fs; mOj;jq;fS njhopyhs Njitfis jzpf;fpd; ngz;fs; Nritahw mike;jpU
ngz nra;tJ M jdpg;gjw;fh r%fj;jpw;F Mzhjpf;f ypUe;J Vw
kWGwk ghypay; nj r%fj;jpypU gw;wp ehnk Njitapy;i
ghypa fspd; epiy
- njhopy;
Neha;fs
- Ngrg;gl
jg;gl;l Vw;gLk; gw;wp K topapy;y
- jkJ cl spd; m td;Ki
;lg;gLtJ
; tsh;r;rpg; mehfhpf lq;fpaJ. py; ghypay; hfpAs;sJ. Aj;jj;jpd; tW rhjpa> ;fisAk; epiyf;Fj; py; vd;gJ d njhopy; s; mlq;- ; jpzpg;gh-
k; jk;ik bg;gil s G+h;j;jp hd; ekJ Mw;wiy khwhf> xd;Wk; . ghypay; ;fsplk; plkpUe;J cyifNa ksTf;F
hh;itapy; tpjkhd-
Mzpd; lk;" vDk; ; njhopy; gw;wp xU f;f KbAk;.
py; "mfpy h; khehL"
eilngw;wJ. ,e;j nrf;]; njhopyhsh;fs; midtUk; ngz;fs; Mthh;fs;. ,th;fsJ khel;Lf;F jiyik jhq;fpath; xU Mz;. mth; vd;d $Wfpwhh; vd;gijg; ghh;g;Nghk;:
nrf;]; kdpj tho;Tf;F mtrpak;. gyUf;F mJ xOq;fhf fpilg;gjpy;iy. Mz;fs; gyUk; ,jdhy; kd mOj;jq;fSf;F cs;shfpd;wdh;. nrf;]; njhopyhspfs; Mz;fspd; ghypay; NjitfisAk;> kd mOj;jq;fisAk; jzpf;fpd;wdh;. mt;tifapy; ,g;- ngz;fs; r%fj;jpw;F ngUk; Nritahw;Wfpwhh;fs; vd;gjhf mike;jpUe;jJ.
ngz;fs; ghypay; njhopypy; nra;tJ Mzpd; ghypay; Njitfis jdpg;gjw;fhfj;jhd; vd;gJk;> ,j;njhopy; r%fj;jpw;F mtrpakhdJ vd;gJk; Mzhjpf;f r%ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;jp- ypUe;J Vw;fg;gl;l xd;whFk;.
kWGwk;> ,Nj r%ff; fz;Nzhl;lk; ghypay; njhopypy;
- njhopy; GhpAk; fhyj;jpy; ghypay;
Neha;fspdhy; Jd;GWfpd;wdh;.
- Ngrg;gl;l Nguj;njhifia rk;ge;- jg;gl;l Mz;fs; juhJ Nghtjpdhy; Vw;gLk; kd mOj;jk; kw;Wk; mJ gw;wp Kiwapl;L epahak; ngw topapy;yhj epiy.
- jkJ cliy mDgtpf;Fk; Mz;f- spd; mj;JkPwpa Jd;GWj;jy;fs;> td;Kiwfis rfpf;f Ntz;ba
giw-2001 et
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eph;g;ge;j epiy.
- ,ijtpl r%f> rl;l
Jd;GWj;jy;fs;.
- t p L j p f s p y ;
milf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ngz;fs; jkJ cly; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; epiyapYk; njhopypy; < L g l eph;g;ge;jpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
- ,jid rfpj;Jf;nfhs;s m N e f k h f Nghijt];Jfis ghtpj;J jk;ik miukaf;fj;jpy; itj;jpUj;jy;.
- ghypay; njhopypy; xNugbj;jhdjhf ,y;yhJ> ghypay; njhopy; nra;Ak; ngz;fspd; epiyapypUe;J gy;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; mZfg;gLfpwJ.
- ngz;zpa rpe;jidahdJ> ngz;fs; ghypay; njhopypy; ,j;jifa njhopypy; ngz;fs; > ghypay; z;fspd; hzq;fspy;
> ngz;fs; LgLtJ ; ghw;gl;L jhopypy; hd r%f uzq;fs; ngz;fs; epytpLk;
vdf; fhz;fpwJ.
- ghypay; njhopiy tpgr;rhuk;> Ntirj;jdk; vd Mzhjpf;f r%fk; ,opTgLj;Jtij ngz;- zpa rpe;jid vjph;f;fpwJ. mt;tifapy; ngz; jdJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;Fk; nraiy> r%fj;jpy; Vida njhopy;fSf;F vt;tpjj;jp- Yk; kjpg;Gf; Fiwahj xU njhopyhf> ngz; jdJ cliy %yjdkhff; nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;Sk; njhopyhf ghh;f;fpwJ.
- ghypay; njhopy; nra;Ak; ngz;fspd; r%f> rl;l> nghUshjhu> Rfhjhu chpikfSf;fhf ngz;zpa ,af;fk; NghuhLfpwJ.
ghypay; njhopiy xU njhopy; ghypay; njhopiy xU njhopy; ghypay; njhopiy xU njhopy; ghypay; njhopiy xU njhopy; ghypay; njhopiy xU njhopy; vDk; tifapy; tsh;j;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; tifapy; tsh;j;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; tifapy; tsh;j;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; tifapy; tsh;j;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; tifapy; tsh;j;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; fUj;jhf;fk; ngz;zpa vDk; fUj;jhf;fk; ngz;zpa vDk; fUj;jhf;fk; ngz;zpa vDk; fUj;jhf;fk; ngz;zpa vDk; fUj;jhf;fk; ngz;zpa rpe;jidapy; fpilahJ. ngz;fspd; r%f rpe;jidapy; fpilahJ. ngz;fspd; r%f rpe;jidapy; fpilahJ. ngz;fspd; r%f rpe;jidapy; fpilahJ. ngz;fspd; r%f rpe;jidapy; fpilahJ. ngz;fspd; r%f MSikf;F vg;nghOJk; mr;RWj;jyhf MSikf;F vg;nghOJk; mr;RWj;jyhf MSikf;F vg;nghOJk; mr;RWj;jyhf MSikf;F vg;nghOJk; mr;RWj;jyhf MSikf;F vg;nghOJk; mr;RWj;jyhf ,Uf;Fk; ,j;njhopiy ePz;lfhyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,j;njhopiy ePz;lfhyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,j;njhopiy ePz;lfhyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,j;njhopiy ePz;lfhyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,j;njhopiy ePz;lfhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; jhkhf iftpLtjw;fhd ngz;fs; jhkhf iftpLtjw;fhd ngz;fs; jhkhf iftpLtjw;fhd ngz;fs; jhkhf iftpLtjw;fhd ngz;fs; jhkhf iftpLtjw;fhd #oiy cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj #oiy cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj #oiy cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj #oiy cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj #oiy cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ngz;zpa rpe;jidahFk;. ngz;zpa rpe;jidahFk;. ngz;zpa rpe;jidahFk;. ngz;zpa rpe;jidahFk;. ngz;zpa rpe;jidahFk;.
Nkw;gb ngz;fspd; eydpy; epd;W cUthd rpe;jidia Mzhjpf;f cyfk; vg;gbg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwJ?
- ngz;zpa ,af;fk;> ngz;fs; jkJ cliy %yjdkhf;fp Nkw;nfhs;Sk; njhopiy xU njhopyhf mOj;Jtjd; fhuzk; ,j;njhopypy;
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Gfs; ,j;njhopiy Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjd; fhuzk; Mz;fspd; ghypay; eyd; vDk; mbg;gilapypUe;jhFk;.
,g;gbahf ,U jug;G rpe;jidfSk; xd;WNghy; kUtpj; Njhd;wpdhYk; mbg;gilapy; ,Ujug;G rpe;jidfSk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W KuzhditahFk;.
ngz;fs; jkJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;f chpikAilath;fs; vd ngz;zpa ,af;fk; mOj;JtJ ngz;f- spd; chpik vd;gjpypUe;jhFk;. Mdhy; Mzhjpf;f cyF ,ij jkf;F rhjfkhdjhf khw;wpf;nfhs;fpwJ.
Mzhjpf;f muRfs; ghypay; njhopiy Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; me;epa nrythzpia jpul;Lfpd;wd. Ie;J el;rj;jpu N`hl;lyfs;> club, casino ....vd ghypay; njhopYf;F mDkjpngw;w ,lq;fspy; clikahsh;fs; ngz;fspd; cliy tpw;fr;nra;J %yjdk; jpul;Lfpd;wdh;.
kWGwk; ghypay; njhopy;rhh; rl;lq;fspy; khw;wq;fs; vJTk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhj epiyapy;> ngz;fs; i f J n r a ; a g ; g l ; L Jd;GWj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;.
,g;gbahf ghypay; njhopyhdJ ,UNtW jug;gpdhpd; ,UNtW eyd;ghl;gl;l tplakhf cs;sJ.
kpf tsh;r;rp ngw;w INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; nry;tr; nropg;gpy; thOk; ngz;fs; ,j;jifaj; njhpTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sdh; vd;gJ cz;ikNa. ,t;thwhd njhpTfSf;F ngz;fspy; rpyh; nry;tjw;Ff; fhuzk; ntWk; ghypay; Njit khj;jpukh? mijtpl Mzhjp;f;f cyfpy; Mz;fSldhd mjpfhug; Nghl;bapy; jk;ik mjpfhuKilath;fshf Mf;f
Mz;fisg mtrpak; v tUfpd;wd cilazpj Gifgpbj;j vd Mz gpuNtrpf;f jkJ ghypa ghypay; M jk;ik mj vd fUJf
mj;Jl rpyh; nra ngz;fs; n vt;tpjj;jpY ,uz;Lk; khWgl;li
Mz rl;lfj;jpw;F jw;fhj;Jf;n jhuskdJ [dehafkh nra;tJ Ng
jhk; v tho;tJ ngz;fsy ifitg;gj
rPdg; G nrQ;Nrid khNth $ zf;fhd njhopyhs td;Gzh;r; ,Uf;fpwhh;f Mz;fs; Kd;tuNt tpLj;jhh;.
,J jiyikapd
Lj;Jtjd; pay; eyd; hFk;.
;jidfSk; ;wpdhYk; idfSk; hFk;.
; Mw;wiy fs; vd J ngz;f- k;. Mdhy; jkf;F pwJ.
ghypay; d; %yk; ;Lfpd;wd. ;> club, jhopYf;F lq;fspy; ; cliy fpd;wdh;.
hopy;rhh; ; vJTk; ;> ngz;fs; g l ; L
hopyhdJ ,UNtW ;sJ.
Nuhg;gpa py; thOk; hpTfisf; z;ikNa. gz;fspy; k; ntWk; mijtpl Sldhd jk;ik Mf;f
Mz;fisg; Nghy; ngz;fSk; tho;tJ mtrpak; vDk; epiyf;F rpy ngz;fs; tUfpd;wdh;. Mz;fisg; Nghy; cilazpjy;> jiykaph; ntl;Ljy;> Gifgpbj;jy;> Nghij Vw kJtUe;Jjy; vd Mz; cyfpw;Fs; ngz;fs; gpuNtrpf;f Kay;fpd;wdh;. ,t;topapy;> jkJ ghypay; NjitfSf;F Mzpd; ghypay; Mw;wiy tpiyNgRtjhdJ jk;ik mjpfhuKilath;fshf;FfpwJ vd fUJfpd;wdh;.
mj;Jld; ,t;thW Mz;fspy; kpfr; rpyh; nra;Ak; ghypay; njhopiy ngz;fs; nra;Ak; ghypay; njhopYld; vt;tpjj;jpYk; rkg;gLj;jptpl KbahJ. ,uz;Lk; gz;gstpy; nghpJk; khWgl;lit.
Mz;fs; jkJ Mzhjpf;f rl;lfj;jpw;Fl;gl;l ghypay; eyd;fis jw;fhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf> jhk; nghpJk; jhuskdJlDk;> rkj;JtkhdJk; [dehafkhdJkhd topapy; rpe;jid nra;tJ Nghy; gpu];jhgpf;fpd;wdh;.
jhk; vj;jifa ghypay; tho;it tho;tJ vd;gij jPh;khdpg;gJ ngz;fsy;yth> Mz;fs; ahh; ,jpy; ifitg;gjw;F?
rPdg; Gul;rp ntw;wpngw;w fl;lj;jpy;> nrQ;Nridapd; Mz;fisg; ghHj;J khNth $wpdhh;> rPdhtpy; yl;rf;f- zf;fhd ngz;fs; ghypay; njhopyhsh;fshfTk;> vjphpfspdhy; td;Gzh;r;rpf;F cs;shdth;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fis nrQ;Nrid Mz;fs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Kd;tuNtz;Lnkd Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh;.
,J rPd fk;Adp];l; fl;rp jiyikapd; Gul;rpfu epiyg;ghL.
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mnkhpf;fhthy; [g;ghdpy; cs;s `pNuhrpk Nghlg;gl;l mZFz;bd; tpisthf gy yl Neuj;jpy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. mjd; epidthf e
epidTg; G+q;fhtpy; epWtg;gl;Ls;s rpi
1502- 8771 ISSN
py; cs;s `pNuhrpkh ehfrhf;fpapy; 1945,y; d; tpisthf gy yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; xNu
. mjd; epidthf ehfrhf;fpapy; mikf;fg;gl;l ; epWtg;gl;Ls;s rpiyfspy; xd;W ,J.
1502- 8771 ISSN