Page 1
WOMEN and CHILDRE in the URBAN-UNDERPRIVILE of the JAFFNA MUNICIPALITY

GED SECTOR
varajah
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF JAFFNA, SRI LANKA
987.

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Page 3


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WOMEN and CHILDR in the URBAN - UNDERPRIV of the JAFFNA MUNICIPAL
.ie Ing
sig i ans egen sii
N. Siva M. B. B. S., D. T. P. H., M
Head, Department of
DEPARTMENT OF COM FACULTY OF MEDICIN JAFFNA, SRI LANKA 1987

EN
ILEGED SECTOR
EDIU A ATHIRO OTOR ITY
Teiste socialisti
potige ionades Idio o dan
:Beriaid salsi lo pienvidu pritiszinazol. oriT
irajah 1. D. (Community Medicine)
Community Medicine
:MUNITY MEDICINE
E, UNIVERSITY OF JAFFNA,

Page 6
WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE I SECTOR OF THE JAFFNA MUNICIP
Motu Paul,
Author :
Dr. N. Sivarajah, M. B. B. S., D. T. P. H., M
First Published:
September, 1987
Number of Copies: 500
Publishers :
Department of Commu University of Jaffna, S The St. Joseph's Catho
Printers:
Pages:
31
D. D. C. No. (19th ed.). 614.0954935
no) 0. A imamo
Mi
}
2009 YIELUN ADAAE 10 TIZENNYIMU
ARE VE

HOUHO DOS MORMON
ali ni
URBAN-UNDERPRIVILEGE 'ALITY
Nyssot
ПАЧОТИuМ АИНА
Pauta
.D. (Community Medicine.)
nity Medicine ri Lanka
lic Press, Jaffna
ER T.C. i 8.M.
ke
Foo 10 MGMTAATIO
OI03M 10 YTUOA AMAJ 1912 AVIAT

Page 7
og
istnienigenitvi Poenog CONTENTS
1. Introduction
terse 2. The Area ods bana bla.. sen 3. Methodology 4. Demographic pattern 5. Socio-economic Status
6. Education of an 7. Housing and Sanitation
8. Immunization
9. Family planning 10. Utilization of Maternal Care Ser 11. Vital Statistical Data
12. Handicapped Persons. 13. Morbidity Among Children
14. Recommendations
15. References
16. Anexes:
1 List of Clusters
2 General Data 3 Particulars of Children
Latrines by Clusters
amhail y abus orbis i bn Tomokan isi
bas (TNG) sitariasi
WW
Layi
E
bolisme

ਨੂੰ
ਤੇ 1
ਸਦਰ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ 6 ਨੂੰ
2 ਸਿਛ 5 ਨੂੰ 33
Page ਕਰ ਥੁਰੂ 2 ਮੌਤ 2 ". ਹੈਡ
ਜੂ ਨੂੰ ..gi ਨੂੰ.
ਝਰੇ ਫੋਨ ਤੇ ਤਨ ਨੂੰ 22 02 ਵਿੱਚ 3rt nude ਹ 22 ਨੂੰ 10 ਵਜੇ ਹੱਤਿੰragੜੇ Fਰ ਨੂੰ 10 5 b13538.
... 3:50 ੩ ਨੇ ਵਰਤ ਕੇ ਇਨ ਕਰ
ਦੇ ਕੋਚ ਇਹ ਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ 10 ਕਰਤੇ ਹੋਰ
ਮੈਨੂੰ · 3 -vices
vices .,..
43. .
n ਤੇ ni 12 ਤੋਂ
ਚ ਪਰ bਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਇਹ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਰੇ ਮੰਤਵ
ਨੂੰ .. ਜੋ ਵ ਤੇ ਗਟ ਆਲੇ 36ਚ ਨੂੰ ਖੇਲ ਕੀ ਦੇ
ਖੇਲਤੇ 8 10
ਚ ਚਰ ਨੂੰ ਕਰ
ਆਈ ਤੋਂ -, Households and availability of
ਨੂੰ ਹ ਏਕ ਨੂੰ 3 10 9 c ਬ0 ਨੂੰ 35 35 ਓ. - 6 ਕਿਲਡ ਵਰਤੇ ਹਥ ਚ 1 ਦੇ ਰੂ ਹਰ 6 ਤੋਂ ਕਦ ਤਕ ਸੰਤ . . ਤੇਲ ਨੂੰ
ਨੇ ਤੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੀ ਤੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਨੇ
ਵੀ. 5 ਤਕ ਕੇ ਜੋ ਕੁਝ ਵਾਪਰ 2 ਤੇ ਆ ਕੇ ਤੋਂ ਤਬ ਉਰ ੩ ਬ95 ਤੇ ਦੇ
iii -
ਦੀ
(ie

Page 8
LIST OF TABLES
Table
4.1
3.1
Distribution of families interviewed
Population by age and sex 4.2
Children under 5 years by age a 4.3
Composition of population 4.4
Population, by religion (of person 4.5 Population by marital status 5.1
Distribution of families by income 5.2 Expenditure of families on basic 5.3 Expenditure on alcohol and smok 5.4 Households possessing selected hou 5,5 Households rearing animals and p 5.6
Distribution of population (all age 57
Distribution of employed persons 5.8
Employment by age and sex 5.9
Distribution of population by oc 6. Preschool attendance by four yea 6.2 Schooling and or employment o 6.3
Schooling and or employment of 7.1
Households by number of familie 7.2
Families by ownership of land 7.3
Households by type of housing 7.4
Households by source of water 7,5 Households by source of water 7.6 Households by availability of la 7.7 Place of defecation by “grown up 7.8
Usage of latrines available in tl 7,9 Number of households by mett 7.10 Families by source of power for 8.1 Status of BCG immunization of 8.2 Immunization status of children
Polio (OPV) Vaccines 8.3
Children with age appropriate imn
Oral Polio (OPV) Vaccines 8.4
Infants with complete immunizat 9.1
Families practicing family planni
-- iv

Page
d by person giving information
23 nd sex
olehoin 4
s 5 years old and above) 4
border
meits originele requirements cing
uite in -OKr usehold goods and vehicles
O O 00 00 00 N N O O O u u A A A w w
ets
dis
es) by employment
by age, sex and marital status
gniarsting 8 cupation r old children f males, 5—24 years old
females, 5—24 years old es
Fassbinde
11 for drinking
11 for washing trines s” in households with no latrines he premises tod of disposal of refuse r lighting
children under 5 years with Triple (DPT) and Oral
1S
aunization, with Triple (DPT) and
ion
ag, by method
=

Page 9
Table 10.1 Number of pregnant women by a 10.2 Distribution of live births, by pla 10.3 Distribution of live births, by birt 10.4 Number of deliveries at Municipal : 11.1 Particulars of vital events (during tl 11.2 Vital rates for study area compared 11.3 Age and sex specific mortality rate 11.4 Perinatal deaths by age of mother 12.1 Prevalence of handicaps 12.2 Handicapped persons by age and 13.1 Distribution of children examined 13.2 Selected symptoms and illnesses fou 13.3 Children under 5 years giving a
some selected symptoms or illne 13.4 Distribution of children under 5
by nutritional status 13.5 Distribution of children under 5
by state of nutrition and birth 13.6 Distribution of children under 5 y
by episodes of ARTI during th 13.7 Distribution of children under 5
by episodes of diarrhoea during 13.8 Prevalence (in%) of Intestinal Paras
in children under 5 years 13.9 Prevalence (in%) of Intestinal Para
in children under 5 years by 13.10 Distribution (in%) of children ut
history of measles 13.11 Distribution (in%) of children un
history of mumps
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Map of the Jaffna Municipality ind
selected for the survey

Page
18
ge group
18 ce of delivery
h weight Maternity Homes – 1985 IRAN
| 19 ne previous one year) - to national figures aut ir 20 signatariina 021
22
23 i bagian 3
Sex
die zich 1, by age and sex and among children under 5 years 23
past history of a bus armoidon sses are not al
years (in%)
24 years (in%)
weight pears (in %) se previous 2 weeks
years (in%) s the previous 2 weeks sitic Infestations
25
SER US 26
sitic Infestations age nder 5 years with
ader 5 years with
N N
icating the clusters

Page 10
goog en sieb 9
Selbst
FORWARD I molimats
Tsao novina This publication is the result o of Community Medicine, Faculty of
Municipality of Jaffna.
It deals with the socio-econ underprivileged in Jaffna, with speci
Documentation of studies of ti of problems and provision of hea with this study should be highly co
dai
Faculty of Medicine
COLO University of Jaffna March 1987 ia seda
asosidai sini
i 2 estab
de este mai
esta

3 ਵ ੦ ' ਤੇ 93 83 .. ਸg , 34 ohd G
ਤੇ , i 31ਚ . ( M siਤ * ਅਮਲ ਮੁਰੇ
ਤੇ 3 ਤੋਂ : of the work carried out by the Department
Medicine, University of Jaffna and the
1
omic and health aspects of the urban
al emphasis on mothers and children.
nis nature is very essential for identification .lth care. The author and all associated
mmended for their efforts.
Prof. C. Siyagnanasondran MBBS (Ceylon) DPH (London Ph D (London) Dean, Faculty of Medicine and ਤੇ
Professor of Community Medicine ਪਤਾ ਨ ਚ : 8 ਦੇ 22 ਬG !
2 3} is .
ਹੀ ਹੈ : Tag teria21 © ਵੱਧ !
ਵਾਧੇ ਵ30 : ਤਿਵ. 1 ਨੂੰ ¤ ਪs i G !
- 23ਓ ਤੇ ਏ. ਤੁਝ ਕੋ ਤੇ Ct uild C.ਈ.
ਰੂਸ ¤ 32 ਦੇ
w
... 3 .
-♥} --

Page 11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to thank Mr. C.V.K. Sivagna Council for initiating this study, and the UN the Jaffna Municipal Council.
I thank Dr. (Mrs) S. Kathirgamar A. survey and carrying out medical examinatio the Faculty of Medicine, for reporting on t
I also thank Prof. C. Sivagnanasundre gave me advice and guidance at every sta
I acknowledge the secretarial assista Department of Community Medicine.
The dedicated work of the volunte the Jaffna Municipality enabled us to comple grateful to them.
- V

nam Commissioner, Jaffna Municipal ICEF for providing the funds through
MAMAMI
M.O.H., Jaffna, for supervising the ns and Dr. (Mrs) C. Nageswaran of he specimens.
nm, Dean Faculty of Medicine, who
ge of the study. ence of Aracy Caraghasapai of the
er health workers and the staff of ete the survey on schedule, I am very
N, Sivarajab
i --

Page 12
ਦੋ ' ਤੈ ਵਾ
ਮੈ ਦੁਖ ॥ c et ਤੇ ਦੂਰ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਕਈ
51 - 30 ਨੂੰ
© : ਸਨ ਤੇ ॥
ਚਾਹ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਏ
ਤੇ 3 ਤੇ G ::59 - ਕੈ ॥
6 ਦੋ ਤਤ ਹੈ :
2 ਤੇ ਆ ਕ ਹੈ -

ਤੇ ਹਨ ਤੇ
* ਅਜੋ
54 ,2 · EU 2 : 2 3 ਮc
2 20:302 ਤੇ ਝੰਡਾ ਨੇ ਪ3 ਬਾਨ ਭਾਰ Sri ਨੂ ਤਿ 9 ਤੇ ਖੇਤ
ਤ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਰੂਆਂ ਨੂੰ
ਹਰ ਸਸਤੇ ਕਰੋ ਚ ਤੂੰ 3ਣ ਤੇ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਤੇ ਉ8 ਤੋਂ ਖਤ
E= ਮੈਂ ਖੂਹ ਹੜ :
ਮਾਰ ਤੇ ੩ B 3 4
ਬਲ ਦੀ

Page 13
AREA OF THE JAFFNA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL SHOWING
THE CLUSTERS OCCUPIED BY THE UNDER PRIVILEGED
SECTOR
OC
1. POMMAIVELI 2. SOORIYAVELI
3. NAVANTHURAI
KANNAPURAM 5 KOTTADI, MARUTHONDIKKADU
& MARUTHONDIKKADU (R) 6. MOSQUE LANE
7. VYALTHARAI
8. GURUNAGAR
9.
THIDDY
10. PASSAYOOR
11. THUNDI
COLUMBUTHURAI 13. ARIYALAI EAST
ARIYAL AT WEST
MANIPAY ROAD
a epoko,
POINTED
Ly Raun

— ix -
E
15. JAMUNA 16. THEVAREERKULAM, RASAVIN
THODDAM, RAKKA ROAD,
& THARAKKULAM 17. KANDARMADAM
NOSIt ROAD
800P מאLA
LAGOON
COLUM,
MHRAL RO!
APPROX. SCALE
SESO 0 % %% 1 km
Figure: 1
BEACH ROD

Page 14
AH, MALA VAIVARA, MAJALAH SHAW NANTTI
NAOH AMALAMA
MUKAANSA SAAT INI
takrat olimpiada
ges
100 DA3
Strandpartenis generirano la plej oriented
Mae'n cael
sestra
ERROR
-
Magandante della famiglia de
*Asti
Beliau NALISTA MAINITA
Finited
12
Isity
ETA 19 LANGAW NGA
pre WEAVER
| Pritom i Mathidan 800,MEN NON RNA geist: sita wus tortillarida, Swedeng NBNAMA WENWYR ME * puti SMA BERINTERAMETRGA 300 KM. SUV, . Meie MPAANI'NA KADAR

W Tatas YA ERU ANNA MANLALARAMENTE EN RÉSERVE ER ZWAR YANG PANATHAN ANANGING WELSHREYA TAREHE YANG MENEMUKAMMARNA WYRA 4893A4ndare
EVIATHAO !
ANVIAVA
UNE SA VYRIA 4 EN TENIENTURAN,
TARTOTTA A
DI RICOS LA BAHASA HASA ALIYEIT
CINA SECARA RASMI
| CANDIDAT 10 TAHUJRONTAiego.s. TREI ANI IAN ANTARA EL

Page 15
1. INTRODUTION
This study was undertaken for the UNICEF Council, Jaffna.
It has been recognised that though urban ar facilities, the urban poor do not have access to increased morbidity and mortality and poor edu
It is estimated that 45% of the 586,000 people liv Three of the poorest low income wards within the ranging from 62.4 to 65.3 (UNICEF, 1984) whi The incidence of communicable diseases too have
There are several areas within the Jaffna N sanitation and poor education have contributed t
The extent of the problem within the Jaffna M where industrialization has drawn in people from tl in improvised housing units in areas where bas
Due to the absence of major industries within t the city. Even those who are employed in Jaffna, pre
However, no studies have been carried out problem. This study is an attempt to fill this gap.
The objectives of this study were
(1) To obtain information on the demographic,
women and children in the urban - underprivi
(2) To obtain information on morbidity levels an (3) To suggest additional services and improvemer
3 along to hioe ba cael leoli asw ad
2. THE AREA
The city of Jaffna is situated in the northern pa palities in the country. Area-wise it is the 4th
The Jaffna Municipality covers an area of 20 the census of 1981 (Statistical Abstract 1982 p6
za. Out of the total population, 18099 persons
Municipality. These 23 clusters are spread throughou
For the purpose of this study some adjoining in Annex I and shown in figure 1.

FOR
it the request of the Commissioner, Municipal
as are provided with good health and educational these facilities or do not utilize them; resulting in ation. ing in Colombo, belong to this disadvantaged group.
Colombo Municipality had infant mortality rates le the country's figure was 37 per 1000 live births.
been relatively high in this group.
funicipality where poverty, overcrowding, lack of Ɔwards lowering of the standards of living.
inicipality is not as acute as in cities like Colombo Le villages, and due to poverty they are forced to live ic sanitary facilities are not provided. he Jaffna Municipality, people do not migrate to fer to travel from their own homes in their villages. in the recent past, to assess the extent of the
socio • economic and environmental conditions of Laged sector of the Jaffna Municipality.
d health status of children in the study population. at to existing services where necessary.
loc ones noidelegli iniciada beliau di
rt of Sri Lanka, and is one of the 12 municilargest and population-wise it is the 3rd largest. -2 Km2 and had a population of 118,215 during & 40).
live in 23 clusters identified earlier by the t the entire area of the Municipal Council. clusters were amalgamated to form 17.clusters given

Page 16
3. METHODOLOGY
The survey was carried out in two stages in questionaire was used to elicit the data. It conta particulars, socio-economic conditions, education, planning, utilization of maternal care services an
The questionaire was administered by trained i health workers assisting the Public Health Mid These interviewers were supervised by 9 Public Hea Nurse and 4 Community Development Officers who is in bal lain daoileo
! The interviewers and supervisors had a good k area for a considerable time.
money og sneriteti The information was obtained from the head o age. 3577 families were interviewed. There were person giving information is given in Table 3. I.
at sige a la valloient Table 3.1 Distribution of families interviewed, by pe
Person giving information
Head of family Wife Child over 15 years in
i Total
During the second phase of the survey, children under 5 years, were medically examined. children and examined for parasitic infestations. completed in March 1986.
4. DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN Og basa
The area studied had a population of 18099 of the population by age groups is given in table . are under 5 years old. The distribution of these cl On comparing this with the percentage distributio ( Table 4.3). Ana baralla

a the 17 clusters identified. During the first phase, a ined questions pertaining to, data on demographic sanitation, immunization status of children, family d mortality.
Tiel ligne
nterviewers who had earlier functioned as volunteer wives (PHM) in their field work and at the clinics. alth Midwives, 3 Health Workers, 1 Public Health - were all employees of the Jaffna Municipal Council. sli ditiv ab anoon nowledge of the area and had been working in the Syd oni esse sidosiram o Gasba
f the family, the wife or a child over 15 years of e no refusals. The distribution of the families by the
i di lire Guott bevormid
erson giving information
CHE SI i Number
% de la finale
480
se 13.4 ad orier 2689
75.2 408 ob srds
11.4 alipedia tido CD 3577
100.00 bas o
IC SITm a 10%, age - stratified random sample of the 2892 A specimen of stools was collected from these The survey was started in August 1985 and
AAN
masa di base i sellele viis HT
i
living in 17 clusters (Annex 1 ). The distribution 4-1. Out of the total population, 2892 (16•0%) hildren who are under 5 years is given in Table 4.2, n for Sri Lanka this proportion appears high
Entre VII. i UGC 2 -
Na de begin ni

Page 17
Table 4•1 Population by age and sex
Sex
Age group ( in years )
Male
Far
Under 1 1- 4
3 & 3 & 8 % EN EEN -
304 1150 1259 1129 935 767 649 585 574 360 305
KSI
| || || || || || || ||
242
232 148 104 70
75 +
76
Total de 8889 Total
"
Table 4.2 Children under 5 years by age
Sex is
Male
Age group (in months)
Under 12
12—23 24–35 36—47
48-59 Total
304 284 281 288 297
1454

sina oides
Total Number
nale
92
46
313
20
12-4
379
987
313
651 521
596
3-3 2296
12:7 2572
14:2 2249 1914
10:5 1754
9•7 1462
8-1 1236
6-8 1095
6•1 736
4:1 638
3•5 448 402
2:2
14 192
1:100au 121
50-7 indiano de OP 126
376
33 206
2:5
170
114
262
88
H
51
-50
210
18099
300•0
and sex
T
E
Total
Female
292 267
290
596. 551 571 590
ba
302 287
584
1438
2892
areas

Page 18
Table 4.3 Composition of population
Perc
Age group (in years)
Study area
3.3
Under 1
1–4 5-14 15-44 45-54 55-64 65 +
65 + Total
12.7 26.6 45.3 6.0 3.6 2.5
100,0
* Source : Department of Census and
sample. February 1982.
Hindus constitute 49.5% and Roman Cath
The distribution of the population by marit high with 118 girls ( 12•1%) under 20 years alre Table 4-4 Population by religion ( of persons 5 y
Religion
Hindu Roman Catholic Christian ( other than Roman Catholic
Muslim Others / Not recorded Total
Table 4°5 Population by marital status
Mai
Single
M
M
Age group ( in years ) Uader 15 15 - 19 20 — 21 30 – 34 35 — 39 40 + Total
3834 926 545
3869 863 516
17
222 514
53
558
14 24
19 34
1416 3173
5610
5532

IS GEKEN A
ARIAR
ntage
GESIESE
Sri Lanka *
Essartsissistenti
Ibn
2.7
9.8 22.8
7.8 8e eelise 5.1 per 4.3
E
100.1
E Statistics: Population based on 10%
tolics 33.5% of the population ( Table 4-4 ) al status is given in Table 4:5. Teenage marriage is ady married. cars - old and above)
Number
0/ /o
3)
1-7
7527
49-5 5100
33'5 254 2279
15:0 as i 47 ob 0:3 M.
15207
100-0
Fried
Widowed
I 1 Total
F
M
i M
2
3863
116
G e o
987
e o - O
3842 935 649 585 574 1537
|
460 577 477 1037 3291
21
813 651 521 1388
25
95
317
104
387
8889
9210
4 —

Page 19
5. SOCIO - ECONOMIC STATUS
5.1 INCOME
gion
The distribution of the families by income received : get a monthly income of less than Rs. 1000.00. come per head is less than Rs. 200.00.
Een
Table 5.1 Distribution of families by income
Monthly income (in Rupees) CON
Under 500
500-999 1000–1499 1500–1999 2000+
i bygningen som abone abiosisatoi Totale di
borea
5.2 EXPENDITURE
Table 5.2 gives a breakdown of the expenditure on jority of famillies 95.8% spend more than half th quarter of their income on clothing. The declared expenditure on alcohol and smoking an under estimate, 24.4% of the families spend a po a portion of their income on tobacco.
e di
for00 mo Table 5.2 Expenditure of families on basic require
Food
Percentage of income spent
No.
%
0 - 25% 26 — 50% 51 - 75% 76 - 100% Not recorded or nɔt applicable Total
125 1362 2065
0.06 3.50 38.08 57.72
23
0.64
3577
100.00

ਕੇ ਲੈ ਵਡ ਕੌਰ ਨੂੰ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਵg : .. !
੩ ॥
ਨੇ ਕਈ ਬਾਰ ਦੇ $ given in Table 5.1. A majority of them ( 82.6% - Vith an average family size of 5.1 (Annex 2) the in)
4
Number
1103
308 1852
51.8 466
130 335ਉਹ :
09
24 5 . 3577 - 400.0, 2 ਨੂੰ 3
124 32
ਤੇ ਆ ਕ ਕ ਵੱਡੇ ਅਤੇ ਜੋ ਵੀ
food, clothing and house rent. An overwhelming maeir income on food and 79.7% spend less than one
ਏਸ਼ਨ is given in Table 5.3. Even though this is probably rtion of their income on alcohol and 30.5% spend
6 ਮੈ ਹਿਰ ਸੰਤ ਤੇ . 3ਲੇ ਨੇ 6 ਤੇ ments
ਤੁਪਏ
Clothing : .
House rent
No.
No.
%
2851
584 16.33
79.70 3.91
140
2
0.06
''
0.03
-
ਪਰ 3
583
16.30
2989 .
83.56 ..
3577 - 10000
357710000 ਦੇ
5 -

Page 20
Table 5.3 Expenditure on alcohol and smoking
Alcoh
Percentage of family income spent
EZIMIT
i No.
i
2704
840
33
Nothing spent
1- 25% 26 — 50% 51 – 75% 76 - 100%
Total
3577
0 5.3 HOUSEHOLD GOODS, VEHICLES AND ANIMALS
The possession of some selected household given in Table 5-4. A bicycle or a radio is po There were six persons owning cars. They were a
Table 5•4 Households possessing selected household
Household item or vehicle SI HII
Bicycle
ANTES boot no onegut Radio
Television set vidado
Scooter/Motor Bicycle sider sieviesa TEGEN
e Sewing Machine
Car
The households having pets and oth 29.6% of the households were reartng have 350 dogs. Table 5•5 Households rearing animals ar
Animal of pet
Number of households
with animals or pets
1562 804 433
None Dogs Poultry Goats Cattle pigs 000
334
123 10

U2 ou Yo22
Smoking
- %s omoni red No. ni % soitti
75.6 75.6
2488 - 69.5
dom 2335 1083 303 E no 0,9
0.2 -meni pa asillin 0, caillead
100,0 sget 3577 noin 100.0
2000
ORT-000
a goods were enquired into and the findings are assessed by about a quarter of the households. all taxis.
goods and vehicles
Number
668
636
23:5 e,
71
-- tasvia taideT 24:7 og Deinot 26 En anas 3•5 asing berdiam 10 CESimila alia
96 og
o w
A vitil
2:0
er domestic animals is given in Table 5.5 dogs. On an average, 1000 households
ad pets
%
Total Number of animals
Animals/ pets per household
E
75 CC 29.6 5:9
1:2
2:6
2:3
9570 1134 467 164
143
45
•4
30
30
| 9
is.

Page 21
5.4 EMPLOYMENT
Out of the total population in the study ar
The distribution of the persons employed Table 5-7 and 5:8.
Table 5-6 Distribution of population ( all ages ) by e
Males
RES
Number employed
DIE 3447 Number drawing
pension or charitable allowance
38 Number unemployed
5404 Total
8889 Number of families with both parents (
Han
Among those employed, 7•7% are women
A disturbing factor is that 56•3% of the and not attending school. ( Table 6:2 ).
The distribution of the population by majority ( 71-2%) work as unskilled laboures. S tailors, mechanics, fisherman etc. Among those 1 holding technical and clerical posts. This is because Pommaiveli and Gurunagar ) included housing sch these house are occupied by persons holding techni
Most of the women ( 55:7%) work as unskil
Table 5.7 Distribution of employed persons by age,
- 0
Age groupe (in years) Under 15 15 - 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 - 34
249 108
Males Single Married
26 177
209 427 492 542 341
260 21
197
354 619
39
| | | | | | | |
M = }
تم بيا دي
40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 + Total
2
2828
- ?

VE DHE PAS Gianni 9
ea 20•6% are employed ( Table 5:6 ). a, by age, sex and marital status is given in
kad
employment
Females
Total Number 3736
289
20•6
0:3
10
48 8911
14315
18099 employed = 61.
9210
791 100-0
and a majority of them are married. boys between 20-24 years of age are unemployed
their occupation is given in Table 5·9. A killed labourerrs are mainly masons, carpenters, iving in the study area, 11.1% are persoas e some of the clusters surveyed ( Tharakulam, zemes for a low income groups and some of col and clerical posts. Lled labourers.
ONADH
de la sex and marital status og 1978 listoilla
e Females
Total
*
196 491
Single Married y 5 0 0
13 0 13 29 14 11
26 41 36 32
at
564 598
- O - N A N
382
296 225 393
36
76
213
3736

Page 22
Table 5,8 Employment by age and sex
Age group (in years)
10 — 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 +
Males Population Number
employed 1129
26 1702
641 1234
1066 934
897 547
461 630 E.
354
EIEI
TIRS Table 5.9 Distribution of population by
Occupation
Male
47 309
ine 2010
lim 10 mee
Professional Technical Clerical Skilled labourer
592 Unskilled labourer
2499 Total Tagilo et 3447
COS ORNITO
og som
va b.
6. EDUCATION
Sri Lanka has literacy rate of 86.5% (S traditionally given a prominent place to educati
But this does not appear to be so wi within the Jaffna Municipality.
Only 14.2% of the 584 children who
Table 6.1 Preschool attendance by four y. ar old
Male Number
Attending preschool
e 52 17 Not attending preschool 245 - 82 Total
297 100

Y 19
Dh
2.3 37.7 86,4 96.0 84.3
Females Population
Number
employed 1120
0.4 1966
46 1464
58
4.0 897
83
9.3 539
11.1 410
b 37 og 9.0
56.2
eldstisde 10 moleg
sodavalls beyolomonu od
leioT
occupation
Total Female
ac Number
0
00 oid A 08
1.5eme don bne 362
9.7 659
17.6 161
2660
ni 71.2 289 i 3736 100.00 titolo
M
55
53
ES 67
- partie
na Ligi
Statistical abstract, 1982) and the Jaffna society has
ere read Sole e nord a C.C side,
th the children in the underprivilaged sector living
are 4 years old attend preschool (Table 6.1).
children
Female Number % TRI 31
10.8 BE 256
89.2 287
100.0
Total Number %
83 14.2 501
85.8
S
0
584
100,0
8 ---

Page 23
About 17 additional preschools are needed in
School attendance too is poor. Among the : Among the 10 - 14 year old boys, 2•3% are e remain unemployed ( Table 6·2 ). This could lead some arrangements should be made to put them
Table 6:2 Schooling and or employment of males,
Ag
Schooling/ Employment
5-9 65 ( 5•1%) 911 ( 72•4%)
Number in preschool Number in school Number employed Number unemployed and
not attending school Total
283 ( 22•5% ) 1259 (100-0% )
It is unfortunate that most of the underpriv The boundary wall of some of the schools form inaccessible to these children.
A sociological survey to identify the reasons
E at 2000 godt besi There isn't much difference in the pattern except that more girls than boys continue schoclin of some job but most of those out of school r
ares
Table 6.3 Schooling and or employment of females
Schooling/Employment -
5-9
Number in preschool 75(5.7%) Number in school
925(70,5%) Number employed Number unemployed and
not attending school 313(23.8%) Total
1313(100,0%)

a these areas to cater to these children. OS 5 - 9 year old boys 22:5% do not attend school.
mployed and 27•4% do not attend school and - to juvenile delinquency among this sector and
into school.
5 - 24 year old ਵਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ sias
e group ( in years ) 10 — 14
15 - 19
20 — 24
794 ( 70:3%) 26 ( 2•3%)
330 ( 35:3%) 190 ( 20-3%)
57 ( 7•4% } 278 ( 36.3%)
B09 ( 27•4%)
415 ( 44°4%)
432 ( 56-3%) L129 (100-0%) 935 (100-0%) 767 (100-0%)
ilaged live around the big sehools in Jaffna. part of their homes - but these schools remain
EN
for this ironical state is essential. pa o que no ai o of schooling between the boys and girls (Table 6:3), g. The boys probably give up schooling in search emain unemployed.
ei o arian
, 5-24 years old
boere og
Age group (in years) el ili olan
0-14
15—19
20—24
331(74.2%) 364(37.2%) 1(0,1%) 6(0.6%)
121(12.3%) 213(21.6%)
288(25.7%) 609762.2%) 653(66.1%) 1120(100.0%) 979(100.0%) 987(100.0%)
9 --

Page 24
7. HOUSING AND SANITATION deri A majority of households are single familied
For the purpose of this study, members in family unit.
Table 7.1 Households by number of families -
Number of families in each household
Number
1 NE-OR) 00
AC 2037
510 126
ace) se 3.
4 xor een ace Total
2706
The distribution of the ownership of th of them (54,4%) own the land or pay a rent; 45
ਉ ਹ ਲ ਵੀ Table 7.2 Families by ownership of land nism
Ownership of land =
Own land Rented or leased Government land – rent not paid Municipality land – rent not paid Temple land -- rent not paid Private ownership – rent not paid Not recorded. Total

BER 2 ! ਦd households (Table 7.1). Od srebrnsts fortale
a household who cook together were taken as a
E Pਵ ਛੇ ਵੀ ਤੇ ਉਹ ਹੈ
Households
bronxolatgaliotis
focia SC i 20
75.3 18.8
4.7 (co-ca 1.2
berolamo odan bв бесстепи тветци
loolise Saibatis ter
100.0
॥ 31 ਤੇ 3 Erਰ de ad logice o leve vasbenog
Cetbirds die oudste
Le land they occupy, is given in Table 7.2. Most 5.1% live on encroached land,
a lado do so are o teoria da
Number of families
67
Mit 1186 emanha e 33.2
757
21.2 612
17.1
1.9
10.7 os 552
15.4 19 oedozemno ni 0.5
FOI I 3577
100,0
384
El legaliaison
assistentialistidsintetisoineetilises
10 --

Page 25
The number of households by the type of housi
Table 7.3 Households by type of housing
ՀԱՄԱՐ:
Condition of house
Roof and walls of permanent material Roof and walls of temporary material Roof of permanent and wall of tempore Roof of temporary and wall of perman Total
44
kies ·
The apparent high percentage ( 37•1% ) of the inclusion of low income housing schemes wit tbe households need permanent housing.
The distribution of households by source of Tables 74 and 7:5.
Pipe borne water supply to Jaffna town is of this population depend on this water supply fo nearly 4 km away.
Table 7•4 Households by source of water for drin
Source of water
Number
1295
Well
Own well Shared well Public well
Neighbour's well
o bili i Pipe borne to Goiao 1411
Tap inside house Street tap
Tap in neighbour's house sopisi Gerano rit Others
e od ato aid i Total
2706
K

ng unit is given in Table 7.3. lige sidst
Number of households %
1005 1376
80 245
2706
in 37.12
50,8 3.0
ary material ent material
9.1
|100.0
houses with permanent roof and walls is due to thin the study area. However the balance 62:9% of
water for drinking and washing is given in
Buring restricted hours. More than half ( 52.1% ) or drinking, which is pumped directly from a well
at
En o
king
gain o
E
Number
47:9
212 104 584
1000 16:4
8•0 45:1 30•5
395
52•1ns. bioland on 100 000 dalis
21 ans 15onda od
1258 89-2 To e era a 128 : 28 91 10 sa pag hade 24 ore 0-2 pri la
T
-- balari 100•0 at isang seda artistien ba
VA

Page 26
Table 7.5 Households by source of water for W
Source of water
Number
Well
biornikanori lo si 2436 Own well Shared well Public well
Neighbour's well Pibe borne
ei 270. Tap inside house in Street tap Tap in neighbour's house Others
Total
2706
The availability of latrines is given in Table not have latrines.
Table 7.6 Households by availability of latrines
Types of latrines
No latrines Water seal Pit Bucket
scias
Total
The non-availability of latrines varied with available in 95.1% of the households and in K have latrines (see annex 3).
When enquired as to where they go foi backyards and 15.3% use the drains, street or the be indicated that they use the neighbour's latrine or and in any case the children rarely use the latrines

ishing
olo
Number
VAN
-
90.0
1133 isEs 201
468 634
46.5
8.3 19.2 26.0
43
ES 100.000
16.0 141
52.2 74
27.4 12
4.4
|100.0
EN
· 7.6. Sixty three percent of the households do
i det mit o Yooneste som
ਸਬ ਤੋਂ ਉਤਰ ਕੇਵ
na si Nesn
Number
1707 711
63.0 26,3 6.9
185 103
2706
100.0
5ੜ ਹੈ । Itag oid
each cluster. In Sooriyaweli, latrines were not Lannapuram only 20.3% of the households did not
defaecation, 29% indicated that they use the -ach (Table 7.7 ). Another 47.2% of the households
public latrine. This may be an exaggerated figure
EE
2 —

Page 27
Table 7,7 Place of defaecation by ‘grown ups', in h
Place of defaocation
Backyard Public latrine Neighbour's latrine Along street / drain / beach Defaecation yard
Total
Even among the 999 households which have of 78.2% of the households that all the occupants use
There were 103 bucket latrine in the study
tarianneg o sa iba
Table 7-8 Usage of latrines available in the premise
----
Used by
Numb
781
207
All Grown-up person only Grown-up females only Grown-up males only Not recorded
08
.02
Total
999
- The method of disposal of refuse is given i the refuse by burning or burying. Die ancien
Serini ilog sa a
EidsTiti i obis
— 1

useholds with no latrines ਤੇ ਰtist ਦੇ s.
sumber of households
495 418 388 261 145
24.5ੜ 2.7 ਤੋਂ 15.3, 22
8.5 .
B
1707
100.0
latrines in their households, it is only in the case
· the latrine. Usually the children defaecate outside .
: :
ਖੁ ਹੈ 3 ਹੈDSਵਰ ਤੇ ਪੈ 3623 g st 9 ਤੋਂ 20
ਨੇ ਦੋਸ਼ ਚ 2 ਵ 9 ੩ ਉਦੇ 6
er
ਪੱਤੇ
782 207
0•8
01 0•
1000
ਹੋਰ । ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਣੀ ਆ 22
n Table 7:9. A majority of the households dispose | 3 4 E 33 ਕG G
:025 ਤੋਂ
57 ਦੇ ਪਿਉ ਨੂੰ ੧ .
|
ਚ 35 ਨੂੰ 17 ਤੋਂ 33
3 Cਬ ਖੇਡ ਉਚ ਤੇ ੭ ਚ ਨੂੰ % 3 -

Page 28
Table 7:9 Number of households by method of dis
Method of refuse disposal -
Burning Burying Indescriminate throwing Removed by Municipality Sold
Composte making Total
Se ei vincible
is die The distribution of families by source of majority (86.06%) use kerosine and 13.9% use those who live in the housing schemes in Thare
maiorityes6069koroning sama mis 9%
Table 7.10 Families by source of power for light
Source of power
Number
2329 376
Kerosine Electricity
Not recorded C. Total
2706
8. IMMUNIZATION
BCG IMMUNIZATION
More than half the infants (55.3%) who a Vaccine (Table 8.1). This is probably because 55.2° homes, Private nursing homes and at home where (Table 10.2). However even among the children BCG vaccination.
TRIPLE (DPT) AND POLIO (OPV) IMMUNIZATI
The immunization status of children who in Table 8.2 and children with age appropriate im

osal of refused to a c sidst osal of refuse
Number
1163 655
367
bases 43•0 24:2 13•6
13:30
3•7. aastad 2•2
361 100
60
2706
1000
va da Borges de cabove
power for lighting is given in Table 7.10. A electricity. Most of those who use electricity are ukulam, Gurunagar flats and part of Pommaiveli,
ing
IST sig af sidelinye liet in genel 3 slda
- %
86°06 13:90
0•4
100'00
obmo o
re under one month old have not had their BCG % of the deliveries occur in Municipal maternity facilities for BCG immunization are not available 6 month old and over only 78.9% have had their
ON
have had triple and polio immunization is given
munization is given in Table 8.3.
4

Page 29
Table 8•1 Status of BCG Immunization of children
Age ( in months )
Number of children
oito Under 1.
38
65
un A w N
54
2586
6 + Total (Under
60 months )
2892
e ao Dino
Table 8•2 Immunization status of children with TI
Age (in months)
Dose
1 2
Under 4 4 S
43
14
| || || ||
a. A un N G E S
53 43 96 105
15
54
11 18 6294
89 625
22 — 24 25 + 2 Total
194 241
1073

under 5 yearse en el oro 8 olda
Number given BCG
% immunized
edam i
17
23
44:7 57:5 67:9 67:7 78•6 74:1 78•9
44 44
F.
A 79 OS S i
40
ME
-
2041
-
2245
77:6 Com od onoli Olani prorna Ona od molto ano 0 0 0 I manoir ionado ai A.So bas
*10 bits
- B
riple (DPT) and Polio (OPV) vaccines
Sybe
!s given
Total in
Nil Not known
159 50
196 110 76
IIII ||
-- A O e o w Un
120
94
151 188 119
45
O
216
53 477
364
1622
583
780
2892
MAR
-- Seemassa
5 --

Page 30
Table 8•3 Children with age appropriate immur
vaccines
Age (in months)
Ime
Total
00 Minimum population doses expec
to be give S
RIO 110
DE 1
2
O * A
| | | | |
A 3
O 120 A 94 EL 119
A W w N -
10 – 11
IC 4
Among the 110 children who were 4 and 5 mo and of OPv. Among the 94 children who were 10 and OPV. Among the 119 children who were 19 . and OPV.
Out of the 1622 children who were betwee had all four doses of DPT and OPV indicating
Sett. The number of infants 8 months and over DPT and 3 doses of polio vaccine, are given in T study as it was introduced only during the surve
Only 44•4% of the infants 8 - 11 months o
An intensive immunization programme is an group.
R
4
Table 8.4 Infants with complete immonization
Age (in months)
Total number infants
8 — 9
120
94
10 -- 11
8 - 11
214

nization, with Triple (DPT) and oral Polio (OPV)
sted
Number with age appropriate immunization
% with age appropriate immunization
X = N
51:8 42:1 44°2 45•7 20•2
onths old, only 51•8% have had their first dose of DPT
and 11 months old only 45:7% had 3 doses of DPT - 21 months old only 20-2% had 4 doses of DPT
en 25 months and 59 months only 477 ( 29-4% ) that even late immunization is not occurring.
who have been immunized with BCG, 3 doses of Table 8•4. Measles vaccine was not included in the
y.
ld have been completly immunized.
immediate and urgent need for this underprivilaged
r of
Infants with complete immunization
Number
51
42,5 46.8
44
44.4
16 —

Page 31
9 FAMILY PLANNING
The total number of ever married women ove them 583 women (15.9%) are practicing some family
The distribution of the families practicing far
Table 9.1 Families practicing family planning, by met
Method
Numb
504 30 21 12
Female sterilization Intrauterine contraceptive device
Male sterilization Oral contraceptive pill Injectables (Depoprovera) Foam tablets Condoms Others
02
02
583
A majority 186.5%) of those practicing family r
E
10. UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL CARE SER
The Jaffna General Hospital (Teaching) with 10 is situated with the Jaffna Municipality. It has 141
In addition there are 5 Municipal Maternity E maternity patients are admitted.
During the survey 266 pregnant women were i those who are in the early months of pregnancy
The distribution of the pregnant women by a (61.3%) are the 20-29 years old. However a cons
– 17

r 15 years of age is 3676 (Table 4.5). Out of
planning method. nily planning is given in Table 9.1
chod
er
86.5 5.2 3.6 2.0 1.9 0.3
organisasi
Dia
0.2
0.3 100.0
planning have undergone female sterilization.
:VICES NE
15 beds (Annual Health Bulletin, Sri Lanka 1983)
maternity beds. Iomes and a few Private Nursing Homes where
It
nterviewed. The actual number may be more, as
may have been missed.
ge groups is given in Table 10.1. A majority iderable number (9.4%) are under 20 years old.
nerget.parences

Page 32
Table 10.1 Number of pregnant women by age gr
Age group (in years)
Under 20 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 — 39 40 - + Total
During the one year prior to the survey live births is given in Table 10.2 and distribution
Table 10.2 Distribution of live births, by place of
Place of delivery
General Hospital, Jaffna Municipal Maternity Home Home Private Hospitals Total
Table 10.3 Distribution of live births, by birth weig
Birth weight (in grams)
AS
REFERENCE Under 1500 1500 — 2499 2500 - 3499 le silencei 3500 + Not known a me ei Total se

Dup
Number
9.4
25 90 73 48 27
18.0
33.8
27.5 inerte 18.0te
10.2
1.1 100.0
266
611 children were born. The distribution of the . by birth weight is given in Table 10.3.
delivery
Number
274 254 45 38 611
44.8 41.6 7.4
6,2 100,0
611
ght STAD
ght
Number
% balsui i
1.3
Admin
id
86
14.1 là 270 TEU44.2
12 175
28.6 100.0
611
18 —

Page 33
A majority (44.8%) of the deliveries have oco an almost equal number (41.6%) of the deliveries ha
The Municipal Maternity Homes are situated sector live. The number of deliveries for 1985 in the
Table 10,4 Number of deliveries at Municipal Materni
Name of institution
die
Jubilee Health Centre Pommaiveli Maternity Home Passayoor Maternity Home Nedunkulam Maternity Home Ariyalai Maternity Home
(opened on 15-07-85) Total
It appears that these maternity homes are well sector.
Hence it is essential that these maternity hon buildings, equipment, furniture etc. Since March 198 administration of BCG. Facilities are needed to imp
maternity bomes.
The present staff for maternity and child care are attached to maternity homes) and 3 field assista and child care to a population of about 125,000.
At least 40 Family Health Workers are needed
The Tamil speaking areas experience an acute from the Nurses Training School in Jaffna (the onl sufficient to replace the retirements and resignations. join the Jaffna Municipality.
Therefore the Jaffna Municipality should train programme could last for about 9 months and need since very few home deliveries occur and when the birth attendants. A mother who is sufficiently motivat an institution, except probably in the area where the
The resource personnel needed for such trainir Training School and the field training area of the D
-- I

arred at General Hospital (Teaching) Jaffna, and ve occurred in Municipal Maternity Homes.
in or near the places where the underprivileged
maternity homes are given in Table 10. 4.
ty Homes — 1985
Number of deliveries
343
187
68 100
15
713
patronized by those living in the underprivileged
les are upgraded with more facilities like staff, 6 Public Health Midwives are being trained in the plement the programme of BCG immunization in
consists of 9 Public Health Midwives (5 of them nts. This staff is inadequate to provide maternity
1 to serve this population.
shortage of public Health Midwives. The output y training centre for PHM in the north) is barely
Hence its futile to expect a surplus of PHM, to
bor 000 | about 40 Family Health Workers. The training
not be as intensive as for Public Health Midwives :y occur they are mostly conducted by traditional ted to be delivered by a trained midwife comes to
muslims live in a majority.
ng are available in the Faculty of Medicine, Nurses district Health Office, Tellipalai.
) ----

Page 34
11. VITAL STATISTICAL DATAesa
The particulars of vital events that occurr in Table 11,1 and selected vital rates are given i
Table 11.1 Particulars of vital events (during the
Vital events
to iedala
Males
315
Births Stillbirths Abortions Deaths
S |
Table 11.2 Vital rates for study area compared to
Rate
Birth rate (per 1000 population) Crude death rate (per 1000 population) Infant mortality rate (per 1000 livebirth Stillbirth rate (per 1000 viable pregnane Abortion rate (per 1000 pregnancies) Perinatal mortality rate (per 1000 total Fertility rate (per 1000 females 15 49 y Marital fertility rato (per 1000 married fe
1549 years) Population practicing family planning
5
Statistical abstract of the Democra Department of Census and Statisti The age / sex specific mortality r

30 novin din landsma ad surile ed during the one year preceeding the survey is given n Table 11.2.
ਦੁਨਤੇ ਕਹਹੁ
previous one year)
Number Females
Total
296
611 euro
14 39
-- La
Per eine
| national figures
Study area
Sri Lanka *
cies) is een
Date bil
on 33.8 o nodia 28 (1981). Dit is bas
5.8
6,5 (1979) Jess as a 33.6
38 (1979) 22.4
20
(1979) 58,6 births)
35.1
- ing ears old)
131,1
i 110.8 (1981) i eri male
197.07 191.7 (1981) a ra 3 STE
Arg
reis tic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 1982, cs, Sri Lanka.
le ites are given in Table 11,3
20 –

Page 35
Table 11.3 Age and sex specific mortality rates
Males
Age group (in years)
Population Deaths Mortality ra
(per 1000 po
36:2
7.8
A O
1.1
5.3
Under 1
1— 4 5- 14 15 - 24 25-34 35-44 45—54 55-64 65-74
304 1150 2388 1702 1234 934 547 380 174
ܣ ܨ ܚܕ ܚ ܘ
5.7 1,1 5,5 15.8
69.0
75+
16
118.4
Total
8889
8,0
The distribution of perinatal deaths by age o death occurred during the previous one year.
Table 11.4 Perinatal deaths by age of mother
Age of mother Stillbirth (in years)
Under 20 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 — 49
Not konwn Total
N = un a o

TOGS ONTOLOMA DE
- G TO DO 10 ar females de la CIA
Population Deaths Mortality rate pulation)
(per 1000 population)
30.8 6.9
292 1146 2433 1966 1464 897
2.0
w n.o un A. o. O
3.4
539
284 139
3.7 10.6 21.6
o w
50
9210
34
3.7
of mother is given below. One maternal
Egyei
Neonatal deaths
Total perinatal deaths
12
- O N e o co
22

Page 36
12. HANDICAPPED PERSONS
One hundred and eighty eight persons had so (44.1%) of them had paralysis of one or more
SE VIETOS
Table 12.1 Prevalence of bandicaps
a1992
Handicap
Male
15
Blind (one or both eyes) Deaf (one or both ears) Dumb Paralysed (one or more limbs)
Mentally ill - Tolal
19 54
13
109
The distribution of the handicapped person age specific prevalence is highest in the over 65
Table 12. 2 Handicapped persons by age and se:
Age group (in years)
Number Female
Male
Under 5
5-14 1544 45 -64
65+ Total
16 53 28
39
109
79

*
DIDIE
-me form of handicap (Table 12.1). Eighty three
limbs. ES Vilagare
ਵੀ ਹੈ
Number
Prevalence rate (per 1000 population)
Female Total
16
31
1.7 0.9 1.9 4.6
83
23
1.3.
188
10.4
s by age and sex is given in Table 12. 2. The
years age group.
OP EEN STEo rites
Age specific
=prevalence rate Total (per 1000 population)
2.8 mallon lo
8. din 35 92
7.3
41
12
11.2 23.4 27.3 10,4
188
2 -

Page 37
MAN
13. MORBIDITY AMONG CHILDREN
The area taken up for the survey had 2892 fied by age) was selected for medicial examination. (oo. The medical examination was carried out by The distribution of children examined, by age and
The response rate was 92.0%. Some selected symptoms and illnesses detected
Nutritional deficiencies (32.3%), Acute respira (16.2%) and Diarrhoea (7.2%) form the major pro
Table 13. 1. Distribution of children examined, by
Age group (in months)
Sex
Male
Under 12
23 12-23 24-35 36—47
48—59 da Total de 151
34
Table 13. 2. Selected symptoms and illnesses found
Symptom or illnesses
* Nutrititional deficiencies
Acute respiratory infections Skin sepsis / scabies. Diarrhoea Systolic murmer in heart
Otitis media Wheezing | Asthmatic bronchitis Umbilical hernia Mental retardation Rectal prolapse Epilepsy
----
Includes Severe PEM - 3.3%
Vitamin A deficiency – 7.1%

children. A 10% stratified randam sample (strati
y a Medical Officer of the Jaffna Municipality.
sex is given in Table 13. 1.
I at the medical examination is given Table 13. 2. Ltory infections (22.2%), Skin sepsis and scabies
blems among the children..
regis age and sex
ANE
: Totaliti
Female
en cada
18
41
20
51 58
30
Tres plans
20 115
52 266
oli
among children under 5 years (n = 266)
SA 10 TA S HF o atida
Z Number
% tenisovog
86
59
32.3 22.2 16.2 7.2 1.9
1.5
ܗ ܬ ܬ ܚ ܨ ܝ
1.5
0,8
die OATS
0,4
-- non digimona osnovi
En ao odnosno -- 23 --

Page 38
Among the past illnesses suffered by the diarrhoes (28.9%), passing round worms (15.0%) a contributed to the major portion of illnesses (Table
Table 13.3 Children under 5 years giving a past bisi
Symptom or illness
El sic
Acute respiratory infection Diarrhoea Passed round worm
Wheezing / Asthma Ulcers / Scabies Otitis media Infective hepatitis Febrile convulsions Accidental kerosinc-oil poisoning Drowing
Protein Energy Malnutrition
The extent of Protein Energy Malnutrition published by the WHO (WHO, 1978). The findings
The weight was within the normal range o year of life the percentage of healthy children dr habits or lack of food or both.
Since 85.7% of the children are below the norr or severe malnutrition, an intensive nutritional reha
Table 13.4 Distribution of children under 5 years (i
* Nutritional status
12 12–23
Within range
34.1
9.8 Mildly under weight
48.8
49.0 Moderately under weight 12.2
37.3 Severely under weight
4,9
3.9 Total
100.0 100.0
n = 41 51 * Midly under weight : Between 3rd per * Moderately under weight: Between - 3 * Severely under weight : Less than — 4
— 2

children. acute respiratory infections 138.3071 and skin sepsis with or without seabies (12.4% = 13.3).
tory of some selected symptoms or illnesses (n=266)
Number
Negeri Sel
*102
1 bis es el
40
38
33
38.3 28.9 15.0 14.3 12,4 6.0 1.9 1.5 1.1
16
0.4
- (PEM) was measured using the growth chart s are given in Table 13,4. -nly in 14.3% of the children. After the first opped from 34.1% to 9.8% indicating poor weaning
mal weight and 38,3% are suffering from moderate abilitation programme is essential,
n%) by nutritional status.initiatie
ਨ: 11 ਨੂੰ Age (in months) 24-35 36—47 48—59 Total
13.8 46.4 34.5
5.2 100.0
7.8 45.3 45.3
1.6 100.0
11.5 14.3 48,1
47.4 38.5
35.0 1.9 100.0
3.3
100,0
- 64
58
266 centile and – 3 standard deviations
standard deviation and -- 4 standard deviations standard deviations.
4 -

Page 39
Nutrition Rehabilitation Centres should be establis is high. The distribution of children by state of nutri
a bi Table 13.5 Distribution of children under 5 years (in%)
Nutritional status
2500
Within range
7,5 Mildly underweight T 44,4 Moderately underweight
44,4 Severely underweight
3.7 Total
100.0
o n = 54
Among the children who had a birth weight of ? or severely underweight while among the children Were moderately or severely under weight.
dywiae
as bestepsi sta omisti Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) Menyai
ARTI was present in 22.2% of the childre previous history of ARTI. The distribution of child the previous two weeks is given in Table 13.6.
The incidence of ARTI dropped as age advan
a la
Table 13.6 Distribution of children under 5 years (in %
Barisan
Partnergemeentengemeines
Number of episodes of ARTI
Age
Under 1212-23
'
**
None
27.5 72.5
31.7 65.9
2.4 100.0
Total
|100.0
n = 41
51
— 25.

hed in areas where the prevalence of malnutrition tion and birth weight is given in Table 13.5.
by state of nutrition and birth weight
WEIBt. Sed E.
Birth weight (in grams) 2500 and over
Not known
17.0 51.7 29.3
2.0 100.0
13.8 40.0 40,0
6.2 100.0
147
2500 grams and over, 31.3% were moderately
with a birth weight below 2500 grams 48.1%
Sa collocata dan El di tornare interne er bei
en oxamined; 38.3% of the children gave a ren by the number of episodes of ARII during
O iced. ing tanasi analo sa
E e ndihias ilhas e a meer beliggende sin niini adalaitai so
I by episodes of ARTI during the previous 2 weeks
Rainiai
group tin months)
24-35 36-47, 48–59 Total
48.3 51.7
40.6 63.5
42.9 59.4 1 3650
56.8
0.3 100.0100.0 100.0
i de
100,0
582: 64 52 266

Page 40
Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea was present in 7.2% of the ch past history of diarrhoea. Table 13.7 gives Almost a quarter (24.8%) of the children examir during the preceeding two weeks.
Table 13.7 Distribution of children under 5 yes
diarrhoea during the previous 2 we
Number of episodes
None
Under 12 12
78.05. 22.0
Total
100.0 1 100.0
n = 41
Intestinal parasitic infestation
Children who underwent the medical exar and this specimen was examined at the Fa helminthic infestations.
Two hundred specimens weré examined g
One hundred children (50%) showed er them, 51% had single infestation; 34% double
The prevalence of intestinal parasitic ir Table 13.8 and their distribution by age gro
Infestation with whipworm, round worm worm infestation was found during and after 1
Table 13.8 Prevalence (in%) of intestinal parasitic
Parasitic infestation
Pathogenic
Whipworm ova Round worm ova Giardia lamblia cysts Hook worm ova
Strongyloid stercoralis Non Pathogenic
Entamoeba coli cyst Trichomonas hominis

Fins a la data
nildren examined, and 28.9% of the children gave a the distribution of children by episodes of diarrhoea, aed gave a history of at least one episode of diarrhoea
ars (in%) by episodes of -eks.
age group (in months)
Total
-23 24–35 36–47 48–59 70.6 72.4
70.3
86.5 27.5
25.9
29.7
13.5 1.9
1,7 00.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
75.2 24.1
0.7 100.0
51 58
52
266
ei viery 10 RT in
mination were requested to bring a sample of stools culty of Medicine, Jaffna for evidence of intestinal
civing a response rate of 69.2%. vidence of intestinal parasitic infestations. Among e infestation and 15% triple infestation. afestation in the children under 5 years is given in
up is given in Table 13.9.
and giardia was found even in infancy, while hookEhe third year of life.
infestations in children under 5 years.
Number positive
Prevalence rate (in%)
54
34
27.0 22.5 17.0 10.0
0.5
4.0
2
0.5
- 26 -

Page 41
Table 13.9 Prevalence (in%) of intestinal parasitic infest
Prevalence
Age group (in months)
Whipworm Round wo
E Deir
Under 12 12--23 24—35 35—47 48—59 Total
7.6 13.5 28.6 26.6
8.1 21.1 28,5 20.0 35,1 22.5
27.0
O Rio
Measles and mumps
Among the children examined, 22.6% gave a pr gave a previous history of mumps (Table 13.11).
Table 13.10 Distribution (in %) of children under 5 yea
is - Son ainnerilen
Age group (i inicial
istía ao viennois Under 1
Under 1212—23 24—35
14
2
Definite Doubtful
NO Not known Total
36
0 042
41
51
58
Table 13.11 Distribution (in %) of children under 5 yea
Age group (in i
Under 12 12–23 24–35 3
Definite Doubtful
A e o
. .
No
41 51
Not known Total
41
51
- 27

ation in children under 5 years by age
e rate (in%)
orm Giardia lamblia Hookworm
*
Nil
O
Nil
7.1
12.8 13.2 15.9 22.2 18.9 17.0
Fot
15.5 27.0 10.0
evious history of measles (Table 13.10) and 1.5%
ms with history of measles
n months)
- Total 36 47 48-59 Number %
13e 20 60
22.6 - 2
19
3.4 30 1952 73,3 de 12
52 266 100,0
40
|0.7
ars with history of mumps
months)
E I Total No 36 47 48-59 Number
%
A
1.5
tir
0 0.
64
46 259. do 97.42
2
1.1 64 521 266Í 100.0

Page 42
14. RECOMMENDATIONS DES
Since there is an acute shortage of trained workers (or Health Wardens) should be trai
2.
At least 17 preschools are needed for the ur
should also be given priority. 3. A little less than a quarter (22.5%) of t
will be necessary to find out the underlyir 4. More than half (56.3%) of the boys betweer
Avenues for employment must be found f
Immunization coverage is low. Implemente
more coverage.
6. A sewage disposal scheme for the Jaffna
water seal latrines is becoming more di mainly limestone, there is a likelihood of this, a sewage scheme should be installed.
7. A noia
A majority of the people of Jaffna are should be installed in one of the cemetrie
Out of the deliveries which occur among ti place at the municipal maternity homes (
maternity homes, constitute 22.4% of the e on a birth rate of 27/1000 population). be improved. Staff, buildings, furniture an inadequate.
9.
Among the children under 5 years, 85. severely. These children need food suppl established in these areas.
REFERENCES
1. Annual Health Bulletin Sri Lanka 1983,
Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka (1984).
2. Statistical Abstract of the Democratic Socia
Department of Census and Statistics, S 3. UNICEF, Draft Plan of action 1984–1988
UNICEF, Colombo (1984). 4. WHO, A growth chart for international us
WHO, Geneva (1978).

lavori di
bealth staff, to work in the field, 40 family health ned immediately.
a. derprivileged sector. The establishment of preschools
created teistickou
ne children 5—9 years old do not attend school. It g reason and take early remedial action, - 20—24 years are out of school and unemployed. or_these youths. ution of the recommendation 1 is essential to achieve
Municipality is an urgent need. Construction of fficult due to conjestion, and since the ground is faecal pollution of the underground water. To avoid
Hindus and they cremate the dead. An incinerator s within the Municipality. hose living in the underprivileged sector, 41.6% take see tables 10.2 and 10.4). The deliveries in these expected births for the Jaffna Municipality (calculated
Hence the condition in these maternity homes should d equipment in some of the maternity homes are
1% are undernourished; 35% moderately and 3.3% iments. Nutrition Rehabiliation Centres should be
Cabernet 10 000 mense
ist Republic of Sri Lanka 1982, i Lanka (1983).
e in maternal and child health care :
8 —

Page 43
ANNEX 1
CLUSTERS IN THE URBAN
THE JAFFNA MUN
Cluster number
Names of villages i
O N a u P w N
Pommaiveli Sooriyaveli
Navanthurai Kannapuram Koddady, M Mosque lane Vayaltharai Gurunagar Thiddy Passaiyoor
Thundi
Columbuthui Ariyalai East Ariyalai Wes Jamuna Thevareerkul Kandarmada
12
15

NTA ਨੂੰ ਨਾ UNDER-PRIVILEGED SECTOR OF AICIPAL COUNCIL
2 ਵg - 04
ਆ|
ncluded in the cluster
ਆ ਤੋਂ ਪਰਤੇ ਮਤ 3G si : 03 ਨੂੰ
282. ਕੀ ' 22 ਨੂੰ
ਤੇ ਰੋਕ 23 ਨੂੰ aruthondikkadu (Rural) : 3 da ਕੜੀ
1622 ਤੇ 2 ਘਰ, 31 ? ਤਾ ? ਮ 20 ਤੇ S ਰਧ 2 ਚ ਹਨ ? ਸਬ ਨੂੰ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੁib Resੜੇ ਤpਤ .8
rai
lam, Rasavinthottam, Rakka-road & Tharakulam
im
29 -

Page 44
ANNEX 2
GENERAL DATA
Jaffna Municipality 1. Population – 118,215 (Census 1981) 2. Area – 20.2 Km2
Urban Underprivileged Sector 1. Population of the urban under-privilege 2. Number of households 3. Average number of persons per housi 4. Number of families 5. Average number of persons per family 6. Number of children under 5 years 7. Number of children medically examined 8. Number of families practicing family pl
SAISÍslandi. Bo-ed meliodining as
30 -

ed sectores
ehold
- V AUTO
- 18099 — 2706
6.7 3577 5.1
2892 - 266 (Response
rate 92.0%) - 583
Canada
* ISTORIE
Canning
Entroid
Sendused

Page 45
ANNEX 3
PARTICULARS OF CHILDREN, H AVAILABILITY OF LATRINES BY
* Cluster number
Number of children under 5 years
415 102 239 68
282
68
|79
263 169
99 128 176 104
13
219
81 201 199 2892
Total
* See annex 1 for names.

OUSEHOLDS AND ! CLUSTERS
Number of households
Households with no latrines (%)
323
70 201
74
242
7) 236 168
85.4 95.7 89.0 20.3 77.7 47.8 83.5 43.6 82.1 63,3 35.6 64.1 58,4 44.7 50,6 42.7 58.4
63,0
79
101 184 149 291 89
185
166 2706
- 31 --

Page 46
VNIi
ਸਵਤ
ਏ ॥
St. Joseph's Ca
Jaffn

ਵੀ ਤੇ ਦੇਵੀ ਤੋਂ ਤ ਨੂੰ ਲੈ , ਤੂੰ ਵੀ
ਨੂੰ ਦੇ
ਬਾਲੀ
ਵਪਾਰ
tholic Press,
d.

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