Page 1
ALS KAMRARNA kete staffset
JAFFNA DISTRICT
MUU Vd
| 4
,
3)2 / TAF

SY - Taff
scias
PALMYRAH
тоBACсо
FISHING

Page 2


Page 3
30
TAPS THE JAFFN
The Jaffna District is one of the Lanka to be settled by human beings. the area have shown that human sett about the middle of the First Milleniu third century B. C. very close trade re the north and south of India. Alrea references to voyages to Karadipa (Kai nadu, which in turn was connected wit where near Kankesanturai. was the mos there were sailings between this port a Tamralipti was the chief port of the M
That the culture of the people as that of South India is now establ work done in several parts ot the dist rodai and Karainagar. Literary sourc known at that time as Nagadipa and epigraphical evidence, which gives the century B. C. it appears to have emerg taincies in the Island. The legends ab Pali chronicles and the story of the on found in the Sammohavinodani seem chieftaincy.
Very little is known about the Jaf As in the other parts of the Island, Bus were important centres of Buddhist wor Kingdom exercised political control over period. The chronicles record rebellions In the eleventh century, the district cai
In the thirteenth century, with the the rise of Dambadeniya in the So kingdom in this district. The Kalinga founder of this new kingdom. The Ma also appear to have gained control however, the Pandyas from South Ind dynasty founded by the Pandya gei authority here towards the end of the Ariya-chakravartis that Jaffna emerged the fourteenth century it was in a po western coast and a part of the interio this power was foreign trade. The ship brisk trade in the Indian Ocean, as far

LI 312/TAG
NO.
UGN 56 A DISTRICTION
- earliest regions of the Island of Sri * Recent archaeological discoveries in ement in the region dates back to m B. C., if not earlier. As early as lations existed between this region and ady in the Buddhist Jatakas we find rainagar) from Kaveripattinam in Tamilh ports in Bengal, Jambukola, somest important port in this region and nd Tamralipti in the third century B. C. auryan Empire on the Bengal coast.
of Jaffna at that time was the same ished as a result of archaeological crict, especially at Anaikkoddai, Kantaes inform us that this district was 1 Nakanatu and this is confirmed by name as Nakadiva. Around the third ged as one of the many small chiefbut the Naga rulers of Nagadipa in the e-eyed prince who ruled over Nagadipa to preserve some memory of this early
Ina District in the First Millenium A. D. ddhism spread in this region and there "ship in this period. The Anuradhapura r this region for a good part of this
against Anuradhapura from time to time. me under the rule of the Cholas.
e fall of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom and uth-west, there emerged a powerful
ruler Magha seems to have been the Llay invader Chandrabhanu and his son
here, presumably after Magha. Soon, ia subjugated this kingdom and a new neral Ariya-chakravarti established their thirteenth century. It was under the as a powerful kingdom in the Island. In -sition to control substantial part of the or up to Matale. The economic basis of Ds of the Ariya-chakravartis carried on a away as the Arab countries in the West.

Page 4
Buddhism had declined after the ni the major religion. Saiva Siddhanta, S patronised by the Ariya-chakravartis a Jaffna in these fields. In the middle o (Senpaka Perumal), the prince of Kera VI in the court at Kotte, led an invas He later returned to Kotte to ascend. under the rule of a Tamil dynasty.
In the sixteenth century, like th subjected to the invasions of the P 1619. However, it continued to be adı guése as well as under the Dutch un under the Colebrooke-Cameron Refor Jaffna. roughly corresponding to the Kingdom, was created by the British,

th century in this area and Saivism became ddha medicine and Tamil literature were d notable contributions were made in - the fifteenth century, Sapumal Kumaraya a origin brought up by Parakramabahu on to Jaffna and occupied the area. Ehe throne there and Jaffna again came
e other parts of the Island, Jaffna was ortuguese which culminated in its fall in ninistered separately under the Portutil 1833, when the Island was unified ms. A new administrative district of ancient Nagadipa and the later Jaffna
- .

Page 5
And today......
JAFFNA LOOKS INTO THE F
there is skill, energy and pride wi
To TILL THE FIELDS,
REFOREST ARID LANDS,
FARM THE SEAS
and search for resources through which to expand INDUSTRY
One major problem appears to be these is'nt enough to supply our b needs, at a price our incomes can
Nutritious foods, fresh water, fuelhousing and jobs are already in st
HOW MUCH OF THESE DOF
HOW MUCH OF THESE DOE
HOW MUCH OF EACH OF T
JAFFNA HAVE TO FIND...... ?
AS THE POPULATION GROW

FUTURE.
th which
that asic
bear.
Nood, mort supply.
ES JAFFNA NEED ?
V
S JAFFNA HAVE?
HESE, WILL
S? test on this

Page 6
The boundaries of the EARTH :
The boundaries of Sri Lanka are
The boundaries of the Administra
Therefore, the resource base from limits.
Our population growth therefore,

AS
.
are fixed and finite.
e fixed and finite.
ative District of Jaffna are finite.
which our needs must be met, have
rig.
must have limits too.

Page 7
DÉMOGRAPHIC SITU
BIRTH - RATE 26.6 per 1,000 i DEATH - RATE 6.7 per 1,000
therefore,
NATURAL INCREASE IS 19.9
which means that, without conside
13,056 persons added to the popul EVERY SINGLE YEAR.
25,703 persons who were not born 88,354 persons who were born in 44.4% of the population is under Therer life expectancy is 66.5 year
The Female AGE AT MARRIAG which is an increase of 1.7 years There are 2.25 DAUGHTERS ir In 1973 the Infant Death Rate was By 1977 it had dropped to
- 2

IATION OF JAFFNA
population.
population.
per 1,000 population. ering migration. lation of Jaffna,
in Jaffna, live in this district today,
Jaffna, have left to live elsewhere, 18 years...
GE was 23.4 years in 1971:
from 21.7 years in 1963. a the average family unit.
– 23.8)
} per 1,000 live births. - 21.1)

Page 8
XXXX
3
DO E O DD
A PALM
PALMYRAH

VIII PADDY XXX SILICA ODH SALTERNS 2:A COCONUT BBB FISHING BANKS
IDB REGIONAL OEFICE
CEMENT FACTORY KKS) IF INDUSTRIAL ESTATE.
ACTHUVĒLY 1 A PARANTMAN CHEMICALS * RAILWAY
**

Page 9
POPULATION
THE LAND REI
JAFFNA C 2,157.8 sq. Kilometeres
THAT
In 1931 the total population was In 1976 it was about
Which means that in 45 years, the population DOUBLED.
In 1980, the population is about
LAND AVAILABILITY PER C.
In 1901
By 1931 it had dropped to
In 1980 it is now only

INCREASES
MAINS FINITE
DMPRISES E OR 639,136 ACRES
S ALL
355,425 710,850
829,000
APITA
. .007 Sq. Km. or
2.12 acres
- .806 Sq. Km. or
119 acres
Sala *
.002 Sq. Km. or - .007 of an acre

Page 10
POPULATION
92 NW FUQN00088
300,331
1901
. 193
PERSONS
Per Sq. Km.
139 sq. km.
1901
325 sq. km.
1931
EE
384 sq. km. 1980

| GROWTH
129.000
1980
The Jaffna population growth rate has dropped from : 24.5 per 1,000 per year between 1953 & 1963 to 16 per 1,000 per year in 1979.
But this still means that the POPULATION recorded in 1979 will double by AD 1995. Due to the preponderence of young persons in our population, there will be an inexorable increase n fertile married wonen for the 1ext 16 years.
The rate of increase in density las slowed down. Nevertheless, within this century, the DENSITY per square kilometre las almost TREBLED,

Page 11
Child Population by Ag and percentage of tota Population 1971.
GASSARUM,
URAR AN
* 3 a 9) S 9
68,218
16,620 I2.L.
9.7%
ܢܹܐܐ
S-a
under 1 years
years
ye.
Birth rate, Death Rate and Natura National Averages. 1979
National Average
Jaffna
o » 6 - 8 * 8
Birth Rate
Death R

ce Distribution
1 Jaffna District
.663
138
89,216
3.2%
12.7
10-14 years
O-umder 15 years.
rs
i Increase as compared with the
ate
Rate of Natural Increase

Page 12
POPULATION
DEPENDANCY
12,
URBANISATION Chavakacheri
11, Point Pedro Valvettiturai Jaffna
94, la Jaffna town, by 1977 the pop 118 thousand.
With increase in urbanisation we MORE BUSES, MORE PIPE MORE HYGIENIC HOUSING.

DISTRIBUTION
48.7 %
UNDER 18 YEAR OLDS
G. 87%
OVER 60 YEARS UNEMPLOYED
4.5% I
| 40.0%
| EMPLOYED
63
1971 299
17,799 653
13,703 753
12,191 670
107,184 ulation had increased to
% increase 57.5%
8.3% 80.5% 13 3%
need, BORNE WATER AND
A Tisdaitektiv
T

Page 13
EVERY SINGLE PERS
Needs a balanced diet to ensure healt But an approximate 51,700 women an children are measurably malnourishec
NIIN
Every a that give But an a receive e
Everyone must have a place to live, which is clean, dry, wellventilated and has a regular supply of fresh water; and facilities for hygienic theo
disposal of waste.
SIIS TUL
SANA WANGSA *
But an approximate 18,799 are poorly housed.

N LIVING IN JAFFNA
UNHA
dult must have an occupation es a decent living. approximate 118,000 do not even a subsistance level income
AS A
AVANTAR AN Iaitot vier was released in New YA ASIA

Page 14
Palma
GENERAL SOIL MAP
of
III
Sri Lanka
10
10 MILES
SCALE
DORF

-LEGEND
RED-YELLOW LATOSOLS, LEVEL TO SLIGHTLY
UNDULATING TERRAIN
CALCIC RED-YELLOW LATOSOLS; LEVEL TERRAIN
FAS
PE
ALKALI AND SALINE SOILS OF VARIABLE TEXTURE (SOLO0IZEO SOLONETZ ANO SOLONCHAKS)
LEVEL TERRAIN BLACK TROPICAL CLAY SOILS IGAUMUSOLS) LEVEL TERRAIN
SANDY REGOSOLS ON RECENT BEACH AND DUNE SANDS
ALLUVIAL SOILS. OF VARIABLE TEXTURE
ERODED LAND
(AFTER C.R.PANABOKKE - 1967)

Page 15
VEGETABLES ARE ESSE
Everybody should have at least 1 of vegetables each week.
LAND AND WATER ARE NE PRODUCTION OF VEGETABL
Non-leafy Non-root
UKRANKarena
In 1978 Jaffna produced 2017.6 lbs. AT THE PRESENT POPULA IN JAFFNA.
AD 1978 needed
-- 5 The Annual Increase must be AD 2000 will need
- 7 29,342 aores were necessary for veg
in 1978 in Jaffna.
469.5 acres more are necessary A Thus, at least 38,900 acres will have cultivation in the year 2000 AD needi FROM WHERE ARE THESE and this WATER to COME?

ENTIAL FOR GROWTH
| lbs.
10
EDED FOR THE -ES.
- per acre per annum.
TION GROWTH RATE,
9,202,000 lbs, of vegetablé.
947,232 thousand lbs, MORE 2 MILLION LBS.
etable production alone
ANUALLY.
to be under vegetable Ing 200,000 acre feet of water ! *
ACRES
13

Page 16
POR EDUC
155,751 people of Jaffna can read
understanding. 243,000 persons between 6 and 20
of them 2% ie; 5,361 rep There are 556 schools; ie; 36 per 100,000 of the school
Th.
edu fac
in t
imp
in e
if o
and
In the Jaffna SHS division, 6,800 as Acutely Undernourished. 2,600 pregnant women have been
nutritional anaemia in 1976. WHAT DOES THIS IMPLY? It implies, Thousands of young ones who be physical and mental equipment.
Les eas
("Nekras S. sti
I

ATIONALEN
and write, a short - paragraph; with
SE Ein ay | years attend school; cated the same grade in 1977.
age population.
e receptivity of a child to ication is dependant on several tors, of which HEALTH and DIET
he early years are of particular portance. The government investment education will be realised only
ur young people grow in HEALTH E STRENGTH of MIND and BODY.
children under 5 years are classified
diagnosed as -malnourished with
gin life with poor
IRAKUR

Page 17
-- FRESI FOR HUMAN CO
Fresh water must be abundant The minimum need per capita
30 GALLONS. In Jaffna, the daily per capita cleansed water through pipes is
·46 of a GALLO
11|allu
Washing clothes, keeping a ki scouring pots in which we coa Clearing up where dirt accumu all this requires fresh water to Rain is the only source of rer And only a fixed and finite a
Wells supplement the water sr that is both adequate and fres Jaffna town recieves 456,830 G of cleansed water per day. But Jaffna town needs 22 mil The Jaffna District needs 634 Inadequate in-take or the use serious, debilitating diseases. 23.7% of those admited to ho from water-borne diseases.

---
H WATER INSUMPTION AND USE
for health. per day is
availability of s approximately
free
tchen and a house clean,
K;
alatesDO.
newal of fresh water.
mount falls each year. upplied through pipes, but water sh, remains a serious problem. - ALLONS,
lion gallons per day.
MILLION GALLONS per day. of unclean water may lead to
spital in Jaffna, are suffering
5.1.A. 4 ***
|
** seme
15

Page 18
:Ae|-
20一
泌

1979.Ma.culonipe" Sept ܫܫܙܬܬܚܘ Amed
.>.PP_ܘ25 - ܘ .M.2.ܘso - ܘ25 ܙܙ ܙܙ ܘ75 - ܘso ܚ ܙܙ ܘܘܘܙ - ܘ15 ܡܸ ܙܙ ܘ5oܙ - ܘܣܙ
܀ 500ܙ
ܘ
ܐܪܝܐ;
weren Respuncts conno, JAFFrk.

Page 19
WA
The ancients knew; and modern scien lies in a sandwich beneath Jaffna. P Paranthan areas. As may be seen from the adjacer distributed, nor is it of an unifor: by careful use of judiciously plac have flourished here for centuries. Modernisation in the shape of pui which the water is extracted :- na water and allowing more and mor which the fresh water lies. From the earth above, the fertilis filters down into these undergrour Salt from below, noxious chemical The Water Resources Board warns this area. Also, the nitrates leve 30 parts per million in 1977, no The safety level for humans and Experts have said that the Jaffna soil and some organic manure, co chemical fertilizer. A solar still, in use at Karainaga drinking water per day-just enot Nevertheless, it is a technique wa On-farm harvesting of rain betwee a more immediate solution, Judicious blocking of the gaps thr is being tried near Vellaparavi. : generate a valuable fresh water l; water for use in irrigation has bı farmers hesitate to use this water Time is needed for the developm acceptance of them. And time is population every year-by 13 tho

TER
ce confirmed that a sea of fresh water articularly in the Mulangavil and
at map-- the water is not uniformly Enly high quality. Nevertheless, ed wells, man, animals and plants
mps, has accelerated the rate at arrowing the top layer of fresh e brine 10 thicken the base on
ers used to accelerate cultivation ad water resources.
s from above. that desertification is a real threat in
of Jaffna water, which was only ow exceeds 155 parts per million.
animals is only 45 parts per million.
waters in conjunction with Jaffna suld be highly productive without
r provides about 6 gallons of agh perhaps for one small family. orth pursuing. en October and February could be
-ough which sea water comes in, This may, over several years, ake. The purification of waste een done Tellipasy, but the
ent of solutions; and the public
against us, if we increase our usand hungry, thirsty people.
17

Page 20
ETAIL INFRAR
CONTINENTAL
SHELF
SRI LANKA
INDIA OF
AND
Gerrscientistar
G.LARDA
Rrt"#FZarys.
Marwarna
SAOBRACAJTA
PEDRO
BANKS
INDIA

*Rita Lert
=MEK-
--Jeppers
--***:.cf
.r. En
SEEDIASSLAND.NET. TETRARE
Citrahead.Yg
SRI LANKA
WEDGE BANKS
-332
2001
2000---

Page 21
MARINE RESC
CHR.
E EVEN, FLAT BOTTOM
UNEVEN BOTTOM *** VERY ROUGH BOTTOM
hulle STEEP SLOPE
The Continental Shelf begins at the
Minerologists say that minerals, are f combined conditions of water pressure current and temperature. There is a sea bed. Northwest of Jaffna: which is Gangess Canyon. It is said that sign there, that led to an identification of the North-Eastern coast of India. W T the character of the sea near the cor
Where a very sudden, steep slopes ex strong changes in tidal forces are me possibilities exist for the generation o Who knows what profit may be deri

DURĈES
in
+-+
)))))......
::))) ::::
:ja::++:
*Gi:
ma al
F::::::.1e ::.
Sej
|Y = ili,
100 fathom mark. ormed in certain , salinity,
deep trench in the e known as the s of oil, were found - a rich seam in : he map shows, atinental shelf, ists; and where asurable and regular, f energy. ved from these factors?
i *

Page 22
20
PRESENCE
JO
DENSB
PELAGIC
AND
DEMERSAL
FISH
re
II MORE DENSE
maNEALOVA-NAVBARRENANTEIRRukoistaverGETARANHUICOLLIDOCALIWATAN

ܕ ܢ .
ܡ ܫ
ܠܐܗܪܘܢ
ܗܬܐ ܕܢܫܟܚܘܢܟܘܡܪܘܪܫܗ

Page 23
ARANG FILS
Optimum use of fish resources is the increasing need for protein. F and renewable natural resource. T must remember, that maximum su scientifically determined; and that set upon the quantities of fish we
By 1954 Japanese longline fishing. the abundance of pelagic (surface
waters of Northern Sri Lanka; oth the presence of demersal (bottom
Fish exist where plankton are avai and Plankton is found in our shal and are brought up to higher surf around our Continental Shelf. Thı yield in these waters is considerab those fish within the limits needed as an useful source of food.
Pedro Bank is too shallow for big a breeding ground for seer. The annual potential yields from amount to approximately 70,000 to and 100,000 tonnes of Pelagic spe
Palk Bay and Pedro Bank are ri. such as spratas, Sardiness and H
Th2 MAJ

HET AS
2(SGP 56
essential to meet ish is a perishable herefore use of it tainable yields must be imits must be
catch.
operations had shown feeding fish) in the ter studies showed feeders) fish too.
lable for their food; low waters; aces by the many currents us, the safe potential le. We must harvest for fish to continue
E vessels- but is felt to be
SVETOVNI
the Pedro Bank could
nnes of Demersal Fish cies.
ch in many varieties errings and all the Mackerels.

Page 24
URBAN / RURAL DISTRIBUT
lona MS
I vv i Tri PO P
I, QOC -- * 310
4 WITH POF 5,000 TO 9,940
1 |
ITOWN WITH,
OVER 100
POPULATION THERE WERE 331
* 3 R 8 8 8 2
over 1,000 to 800 to 600 3,000 2,999 999
796
2
- T

TION OF POPULATION 1971
OD NS
| D LIMANI
Z WITH POP 10.000 - 14 999
FINNST
Pros/SL
POPULATION
000
PER VILLAGE
VILLAGES IN 1971
to 400 to 200 to less than .
599
200

Page 25
CONSEQUENCES OF PO
13,056 persons are added to the po every single year.
Each one of them must be housed, given treatment when they fall ill,
For these numbers JAFFNA NEED
1,300 HOUSES
*
and : in ou 1,018 at th 36.1 acres of 4,
LLIS
skal-Ayy
SPACE is a BASIC necessity for
From where is this extra space to

PULATION GROWTH
319/SAF pulation of Jaffna L NO. 56 pulation of
MIFANC, Indones)
fed, educated and
LAA
8 – 10 SCHOOLS
for the necessary increase ar staple food, RICE - JUG
acres MORE must be found e present productivity rate of bushels per acre. And these
need a minimum quantum 000 acre feet of water.
these needs.
1889
come? And the extra water?

Page 26
AS POPULAT BUILDINGS MUS
Every new building means that earth.
In the Northern most acres of t Sweep the sand, some of which } feet high. The builders come, ra ton, lowering the level of the lai to the sea. They mine limestone created great craters. This has i for ecological balance and agricul
A statistically "Average House" t repuires at least 500 sq. feet of
25 cubes of clay and 45 bushels
A many storied schools to accom requires about 1,750 sq. feet of 125 cubes of clay, and 800 bush
AT THE PRESENT RATE O INCREASE IN THE NEED, FOR HOUSING AND SCHOO BUILDINGS.
Jaffna must use 58,500 Bushels o
35,000 cubes of WE CUT THE GROUND FR TO BUILD UPON IT. ann LAND UNDER FOOD PRODU BE UTILISED FOR BUILDIN All along the sand-dunes the lorr is cut away, the sea creeps close supply of fresh water. 24

1ON INCREASES, T INCREASE ALSO
ve utilise resources from the
Peserta he Peninsular, the winds nas piled into dunes several
king the sand away by the nd even further in relation e for cement and have
many grievous implications ** ture.
co hold 6.9 persons
bare land.
of lime slack, -odate 1,000 children
land, els of lime slack.
Li
f limeslack and
clay-annually OM UNDER OUR FEET,
ICTION MAY SOON HAVE TO NGS.
ies wait for sand. As the sand r, threatening the fields and meagre

Page 27
HUMAN
The population of the Jaffna Muni 127,608 persons. The necessary input for this numbe
Water fit for human use MINIMUM BASIC FOOD The inevitable output for this numb SOLID WASTE SEWAGE AIR POLLUTION In the 127,608 housing units occup sewage was disposed of by method
WATER
SE
FLUSH
TOILET
- 4.6%
KM.
46%
When sewage is not disposed of it can drain into our water supply There are a probable minimum of is scattered about. China, Japan have den onstrated that sewage an into fertiliser, can double the pro If Jaffna waste is converted into the DISTRICT could make suffic 1. Maintain an immaculate city; 2. Develop a viable industry to
market gardening.

WASTE
cipal area is over
er ...
DAILY 22 MILLION GALLONS ... 2,000 TONS
eri.
1,000 TONS ... 500,000 ».
2003 pied in 1971 in the district, Is as below:
14.1% A BUCKET
16.6%
UNSPECIFIED
NAI,
n a scientific manner, y and be a serious hazard to health. I 38,000 persons whose waste
and San Francisco ed other waste converted
duction of vegetables. marketable fertiliser, cient profit to,
and
En : support home and
25

Page 28
• O E (o 8•E PA SE
DISPENSARY
HOSPITAL
O DISPENSARY AND
MATERNITY HOME
" O

.
了。
田
1|7}} \Six .

Page 29
HEALTH
Six of every 1,000 people in our ! hospital treatment every day.
Therefore, in Jaffna 4,265 people vi everyday,
| DISPENSA
C SE
alangan
At the present rate of population g by 1981, 780 MORE people will b DAILY.
By 2000 AD, daily hospital visits 11,400 persons.
The annual increase in need for ho 330 beds.
Staff who will need quarters; Equipment and medicines and stora Fresh water supplies and public tra must increase proportionately.
There are 8. MOH's; 36 Hospitals; and 3,395 per one dispensary. Including private practioners, the SI has 28.7 doctors per 100,000 popul Jaffna has the lowest midwife-doctoi

CARE
Population seek
sit a health i unitar
growth in Jaffna ve attending hospital
mwill be made by nearly
spitalisation will be
ge for them; ansport -
3.6 beds per 1,000 population HS division of Jaffna -ation. r ratio in Sri Lanka, et .

Page 30
As Pliny said, the higher enjoy not exist without salt, Jaffna could produce salt in hig sufficient quantity for export, a: consumption. The major physical requirement of salt by solar-evoparations is flat land by a sea coast; and a blazing sun with long period: These conditions are met by tł
6M
SALTERN
ΕΧΤΕΝΤ
1
Elephant Pass
350 Acre 2 Chiviyateru
85 3 Karanayi
92 4 Vellaparavi
930 Currently these 4 salterns prod total production. Experts say that Hambantota a each increase their salt product and 40 times respectively. As :
128

ALTH -ments of life would
-h quality and s, well as local
+
Es for the production
s of hardly any rainfall. ae Salterns marked below;
THE SALTERNS \OF JAFFNA
ANNUAL COLLECTION 200,000 cwts
21,000 18,000,
107 ace between 25 and 35% of Sri Lanka
nd Jaffna could ion per annum 100 times I
Li na

Page 31
TOBAC
The 3,500 acres devoted to tobacco agricultural land in Jaffna. Chewing tneir place, but the most farnous pro Cheroot. Much of the leaf for the obtained from Kandy, Matale and T about 3,700 persons are employed in
1 the apprentice 2. the wrapper; and
3. the cutter
430 million cigars are produced ann
methods and local production of the employment and profits could be mu because the Jaffna cigar has an inte
SUNN HEMP
This plant is a rich source of nitro, and humus and survivies with very water. It produces an excellent fibr second, only jute; and the tops and serve as manure.
Nearly one million pounds of hemp twine is required annually and a ve small fraction of this is produced lo in Karainagar,
Sports nets and fishing nets, tissue wrapping paper for cigarettes can t also. And more-over, when cultivate with paddy, it serves to regenerate
0

CO
are among the richest, and other tobacco have oduct is the Jaffna Cheroot is however, amankaduwe. Currently
the cigar industry.
Tricho "*ANNEET
ually With modern
relevant leaf, production, ltiplied several times, rnational market.
gen
et tu, tas
little
leaves
en
ry
antagonistinite wie A... TEXNIAIS MET 23.
pcally
paper and De produced ed in rotitation
the soil,
* asi naveo triste case.
29

Page 32
DISTRIBUTION OF PALMYRAH
Tiladi)
,
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
SIIDIUITALIA\,
werdentlichenyesuarie
|

Misitas
NUMBER OF TREES
PER SQ. MILE. FRA OVER 30,000.
30,000 - 20 000.
En 20 000-10000.
IHNEN UNDER 10000.
Ers.
Muuesti
uruan. SLOWAKEIS"
are NTJINTERIORA REen i
TRATARELEY. IAM A.S.RFI AM MORTENKIRCHEN
sprettytrenirum..- Vumerernes muss nr.Pause you sain ng DNE SAMFYCHTHOF1 eman wangunan pengaru'numrenese SKNE Femmyawarvensans-., e.ena nereguerra Purrme vereriem GJIRI
SEKURITEI" ERSTE ERHrd ayridae)
aereat KeseenstreRathanutraTVEIRFL:BEN." (ne refers FC eure enterrarurur;TIN Tyre-Das --Emxerre
The KVADRATNET, "RETTRGASAPAEGNERISTIR
Peress EMESANTI SEITRUNAVIYAT -- KARLSSOd
VERWERPCIETNAMILY AFFAIRS
METEOREETTISTA TEDESCO ATEAK, IDENTIAL TO MYeranggae +
FREGUESFETedesi Setan
e : UNE TABLE tagswami APLICANDAE
I CICCARIYOMO
1. VAĻ/-WEST 2. ISLANDS 3. VALI - NORTH 4. VA DA S. W. 5. THEN MARACHCHY 6, VADA N.E. 7. PACHIL A PALI 8. POONAKARI 9. VALI- EAST 10, JAFFNA. 11. DELFT 12. MARACHI 13, THUNUKKAI

Page 33
TO THE PALM
There are approximateley 40,000 about 17 million palmyrah palm District. With systematic cultiva possible to increase the numbers even 1,000 trees.
This palm grows sturdy and tall inhospitable soils; and is put to of uses: Many of which have ti considerable economic developmen
From the best palms 2 gallons
may be tapped, to give us sugar
16 gallons can make 22 lbs. of
1 gallon can make i 1b. of hig
50 palmyrah palms in Thikkam
as much sugar as 1 acre of
Ayurveda attributes many medici toddy and modern research has
of Vitamins B & C.
From the orange palmyrah fruit cordials, rich in Vitamins A & I
***** 'It's
A delicious, nutritious flour can sun-dried tender root. It is wide which eats palmyrah leaf as fode of milk.
MAN
The shard durable timber from t building; which is a most valuab 20 areá beset by deforestation an
:Mikniriti. W

IYRAH,
acres covered by Es in the Jaffna.
tion, it may be
per acre to
e in the most an abundance ne potential for
it. Er
-of sweet toddy
Jaggery, and
gh quality white sugar.
near Polikandy yielded cane.
nal properties to sweet confirmed the presence in it,
*
— we can make jams and
be derived from the ely believed that the cow der, increases her yield
he trunk is used for house De commodity for a developing ad a growing need for timber.
31. .

Page 34
SUPPLY
Why do prices go up and dow include the truth that, when a
of which there is a great deal, is low. BUT,
when many people want a com NOT ENOUGH TO GO RO is high.
As more and more people wan available only a fairly fixed ma go higher and higher.
СоммоDITY
1 Measure RICE
1 egg
1 pint milk 1 lb. average fish 1 lb. Murunga 1 yard poplins 1 cup plain tea 1 Jaffna Cheroot 1 Pilla of Toddy 1 Urban Larcham of land
In Jaffna, the prices of basic co listed above have increased dras
WHY?
Because there are more and me multiplied too: while the resour all needs must bé met, is fixed 32

AND DEMAND
-n? They are many answers. They
few people want a commodity - the price of that commodity
amodity of which there is UND, the price of that commodity
t commodities of which there is aximum amount, the price will
PRICE
PRICE
1960
1980 2 500 is de 7.00
.25 cts.
.90 cts. .70 cts.
2.00 2.00
6.00 .10 cts.
1.00 2.10
9.00 .05 cts.
5 cts. .01 cts.
.12 cts. .20 cts.
2.50 300.00
i 10,000.00
.35 cts.
om modities such as those stically.
pre people and their needs have -ce base from which
and finite.
* 49

Page 35
CRIM
As man builds his home, closer and next man's home; as more and mor the same class-room, bus, shop and
Each person has less space; less res the fixed and finite loaf of this wor have to live. In Jaffna in 1960, the grave crime recorded by, the police. At the end of 1979, there were 727 the population grew from about 600,
900 800 700
Populo
600
0000000000000
500
LOC
300
Crime Ra
200
05,
1960
And yet everyday, in the Jaffna Di about 35 persons is added to the e Each of them will look for clothes perhaps a wrist-watch too, Each of them will want a bicycle to go to the Cinema. Each of them must eat, sleep and to do so. Can Jaffna accommodate these inexo Consider the crime statistics. They as population increases, crime may

cleser to the e people pile into
hospital ward - crime increases.
ources; a smaller portion of -d, from which all of us re were 311 instances of
. In that same period, 000 to about 816,000.
1000S
900
800
ation
700
500
1979
strict, a net increase of existing population:
to wear and
and money with which
find the means and space
erably increasing numbers?
are an indication that increase also.

Page 36
Kankes anthurai
A Tellpalai
TRANSPORT
Chun akan
Kodikaтала
Efna
=Main Roads
Rail Roads
o Stations
Chavakachar
RU |
Pallat
Boat
4Service

Paranthan
Kilinochi
AMY -1॥
1 ਵੀ
ਕੇ ਨਵਾਂ ਹੈ ਨੇ ਤੇ .
, , ,

Page 37
THE MORE P THE MORE PUBLIC TRAN In August 1971, 117,411 bus tickets v By August 1980, this figure had incre Approximately five thousand people us in the Jaffna District. In a single month, 1,573 train tickets station in Jaffna alone. In the whole 9,000 travellers use the train each me
As more children enrol in schools; marriages take place and new housewi young people start jobs and training c and more persons have more business 4 to 5 hundred MORE persons will need public transport EVERY SINGLE DAY. Currently 201 buses are in operation: The time-table requirement is 231: and will increase, as population increases. Proportionately, more roads suited to take them and more depots for their maintenance The same is true for railways.
Already serious deficiencies characterise FOR THE DEVELOPMENT EFF( workers must reach their work places, at the necessary time; getting to school must not take longe the government business of citizens sh short spare time at their disposal.
Travel must not be of such a kind, unfit for the work, waiting at the end
An efficient public transport system is of a modern society and modern mar This cannot be achieved while travel.

PEOPLE,
ASPORT IS NEEDED vere sold. zased to 164,250.
e a bus every single day,
- were sold from the main
district, approximately onth,
ives go marketing; courses;
in more government offices.
PESERTA MAB
e will be necessary too.
public travel. DRT TO SUCCEED,
and start work
er than it must; Eould conclude in the
as to leave travellers, I of the journey.
*
- a necessary ingredient
keting.
needs multiply so fast.

Page 38
ELECTRI
docEM
Even in the remotest village, a good light to do so. Everywhere the price of Kerose question of low-cost energy for As the national demand for ele high levels, the supply at the i Thermal power becomes necessa the consumer. Power cuts beco
JAFFNA DISTRICT MEGOWATT DEMAND.
20
18
16
ON + n + 6 N
36

CAL SUPPLY
O POWER STATION
A GRID SUB-STATION
. 132 KV TRANSMISSION LINE .....
33 KV TRANSMISSION LINE ++++ 11 KVTRANSMISSION LINE
eeeeeeeeee"
- child is studying and needs
ne and firewood raises the
cooking. ctricity peaks at increasingly periphery is reduced. ary, increasing the cost to -me routine.
The energy needs of Industries as at Paranthan and KKS, will multiply as our economy develops; and our population grows. How are all Ehese needs to be met?

Page 39
INDUSTRIAL DE
NIINI NIINI881 *UNI NI
llioRDIA||

EVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIAL ESTATE ATCHUVELY
Initiative and enterprise have brought many industries to the modern economy of the Jaffna District. While much of the raw materials are brought in from elsewhere, vigorous scrutiny is being made of the potential of resources within the district. itself.
As science progresses, new horizons open. Yet, none of this new knowledge can be put to economic use unless MAN activates it. We are dependant upon our own skills, our own common sense, our own will to PLAN for PROSPERITY.

Page 40
AGRICULTURE I


Page 41
PLAN FOR PR
Government has provided the District with 39 special Family Health clinic Family Health facilities in all health
Thus the means are at hand for all have only the number of children th
wish to have.
The Family Planning Association wo1 with government to help all of us ti HAVE ONLY THE NUMBER OF
The FPASL project for distributing in the community-aims at providing
a SAFE contraceptive - at the PLACE required at the TI ME required in the MANNER required and at the PRICE required.
This is part of the effort to BALANCE OUR RESOURCES wit If this BALANCE is established, SOCIAL STABILITY and INDIVII have a good chance of being establi
Sri Lanka in general and Jaffna in has so much. e INTELLIGENCE and a proud, lor A favourable geography of sun, regul a richly arable earth; flanked by sea
with - fish. Life in these circumstances can be IT IS FOR US TO MAKE IT S

OSPERITY
- of Jaffna S and - Units.
limits.
adults to ey truly
Eks closely
- CHILDREN WE WANT,
contraceptives per
ch our population, og
DUAL HAPPINESSEE
shed too.
particularA la
agstanding CIVILISATION. lar rains and
s teeming
YR
well worth living. Pertence
0.
39


Page 42
FPASL PRC
A motor bicycle roars over a thin, bel to the island of Allaipiddy. It is our P. message of Family Health. 280 fam from fishing and agriculture, the pre 5 miles away.
The basic needs approach is adopt areas; with family planning as one may be eased. The 182 families o and requested the FPASL to come a small pocket of Muslims too.
The resources of these 2 areas are toil. And yet, their roots are deep
world to earn, but it is here that t
Therefore, they view with horror ano their sand for building material. The areas sand has been cut away belo supply open to the risk of sea water.
Already in Vatharawathi, 245 families The inhabitants of this project area ha
monsoon and are forced to go out to o survive for the rest of the year. Drinki piped 4 miles trom Puttur. When this population it was meant to serve was a completed, that population was grown have to run, to keep pace with populati supply 30 acres. How is the growing
The 152 families of Kapputhur share th facilities and the 23 acceptors of Dep their injections. Within the prosperous area, a small pocket of 163 families liv cultivation of Tobacco and onions prov the FPASL programme is working to
In all 5 areas, the number of childrer among the older and more conservativ But the over-riding factor in family size for a son. Slowly, but surely, the den stripping the supply," This must not t effort expanded in these areas is to
40

DJECT ACTIVITY
t of land which connects the mainland roject Officer Mr. A. S. Poovendran, with his Glies live here, wresting a livelihood oduce of which they sell In Jaffna
ed here, as well as in other project
of the methods by which life's burdens f Mankumpan saw the work in Allaipiddy into their own village. Here, there is
e meagre; the life - one of unremitting
and stable. They will go into the outside chey feel they belong.
anger, the lorries which come to mine e high dunes are lower and in some w sea level, leaving their total water
s find their soil too saline for cultivation. se one short cultivation season during the other areas as agricultural labourers, to - ng water is a major problem-it has to be
water scheme was mooted in 1962, the about 1,100. Today, as the scheme is to 1,800. Such is the race that resources on growth. A tidal well in the area can
population to manage ?
iese problems. There are no clinic
o Provera walk 4 miles to the Hospital for : and advanced Chunnakam and Uduvil
e in Yama Junction. Cigar rolling and the ide a subsistance economy. Here too, establish a brighter future for the people,
| visualised as ideal, ranges from 4 or 5 e; to 2 or 3 among the younger adults.
appears to be, the unquestioned necessity land for family planning services is outle allowed to happen, if the motivational : remain credible and rewarding.


Page 43
KaymonVAM NAIM, W WYNN
apadla
E11
In 1961 the population over 18 in 4 the project was 1,855 and the total approximately was 3,000. Today it is 2,552 just under 6 000 a are children under 15 years. How se grow and marry and start families of 10% of women between 15 and 19 a 46% of those between 20 and 24 yea those between 25 and 29 years. The born in the 1960's was much higher in the 1950's and 1960's. Therefore, of women of child-bearing age will i increasing rate in the years to come. The family Health message is crucia Much of the future depends upon th women will take.

*** * **
villages of a population
and about pon will they f their own; re likely to marry; ars; and 47% of
number of women than those born - the number ncrease at an
I to them, e decisions the


Page 44
ACKNOWL
Very many busy per their time and attent this population state District of Jaffna. I every one of them, are given to them a the members of the of the FPASL, Gover and his wife Mrs. P
Mrs. Anthoniya Swa Prof. K. Indrapala,
Mr. T. Kunasekaram
Mr. Gnanalingam of Inspector Thiruchitar and Ramachandran and Mr. Sivaprakasa of these pages. TI done without the e interest taken in it,
Mr. Puvendran and whom I thank most to the Cātholic Press

LEDGEMENTS
-sons gave the Audio - Visual Data Bank tion, in order to produce
ment on the Administrative 't is not possible to name
but my most grateful thanks I and most especially to
Jaffna District Action Committee nment Agent Mr. Yogendra Duraiswamy 00 Duraiswamy;
minathan, Prof. W. L. Jayasingham, Ar. N. Somasundaram of the IDB - of the Water Resources Board * the SLEB, Mr. Nagaratnam of the CTB,
npalam of the Police, Mesdames Nadarajah, of the Parasakthy Vidyalayam:
m, whose artistry graces many his work could not have been nergetic and intelligent - by Mr. Kala Parameshwaran,
Miss Krishna- Thangavel, all of
sincerely. Grateful thanks are also due = which printed this material.
- Nimali Kannangara,
Audio Visual Data Bank, * Family Planning Association of Sri Lanka.
December 1980,


Page 45

BOOK CARD
АЛМАТsee


Page 46
8 8 8 9 a
SOME SOCIAL INDICATORS
National Average
SENSEIGNER
Jafna
& & & 8 8 s

3 &
3 8 9
NUMBER OF SCHOOLS PER 100
SQUARE MILES
CHILDREN S TO 15 YEARS ATTENDING SCHOOL
o/. TEMPORARY
. UNEMPLOYED
LITERACY RATE
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
1. PERMANENT
/ PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN CHRONICALLY UNO ER-NOURISAEI
O SEMI PERMANENT
- HOUSING,
S JCP - JAFFNA