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THE
YOUNG |
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BY THE STUDENTS OF THE JAFFN
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Vol. IV 1.
Wednesday, 7th Ji
EK Saiva Prakasa Pre.

HINDU
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PUBLISHED
A HINDU COLLEGE
ne, 1939.
[ No, 3.
s Jaffna.

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THE YOUN
Vol. IV.
WEDNESDAY, 7
A Very Well
Readers are liable to mistake the writer for a murderer of the English language when attempting to construe the head line. Hence I am afraid I must explain it. But also I feel that it necessitates no such explanation as it will explain itself in due course.
There is a friend who thinks that he could never enjoy a conversation unless he brought in the element of humour by referring to people falling, at his well side. He lives with a fairly large family.
He confessed, and I think that I could take it from him to be true, that every
member of the family does enjoy it.
His mother went to fetch some water in a brass "Kudam," it seems, and when turning to go, after filling it, fell headlong with the pot and wrenched her ankle. His father, while scraping off, the green slippery stuff in a special posture of sitting, fell face downwards and hurt his chin. His servant boy, while
washing a chimney, broke it, and cut himself with the glass pieces. The little baby, when playing hide and seek, crossed the well-side and dirtied her frocks, and last yet not the least, our hero was also obliged to prostrate before the well and worship the well-god. Whenever he related to me these tales I used to fool !

NG HINDU
th JUNE, 1939.
No. 3.
him and say that they could have easily avoided all kinds of pains and fractures if they only had their heads about thern. So he was resolute that I should be put to the test. To fulfill his purpose he took me one day to his wonderful home, and to his still more wonderful well and asked me to walk twice across the "massy
mosses." My first trip was a grand success but, uufortunately for me, the necessary friction required to walk across fell short in my secend essay and in consequence my clothes were soiled. So I had a hasty wash and was totterring on "borrowed plumes" when a carpenter arrived. He was summoned to fit an almirah. To the ill-luck of the carpenter the almirah had to be fitted inside a room and the family happened to be orthodox Hindus. Naturally the house Owner suggested that the carpenter Joseph would be welcome if he would wash his feet. Then Joseph wended his way to the well side. Later, to the astonishment of all, he went dashing up to the master grumbling to his heart's content. By this time I had come to his presence and burst out laughing. Joseph's banian as as his "vesti" had been rendered green. You would perhaps doubt whether the well would work such miracles. If so, just put yourself to the test-wet test undoubtedly—and satisfy yourselves.
Whenever I think of these events I have a great agony of mind since I do not know the proper thing to do--to laugh or to feel sorry,

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CV
THE YO
WIRELESS
BY R. R. NALLIAH,
J. S. C., C.
It has been said with great justice that the modern world revolves entirely. On lode-stone and amber-viz. electricity. In fact it is the greatest romance of our age, the miracle of the 20th century. It has
made such progress, and has such sphere for extension, that in a few years what we consider wondrous, would be insignificant.
The Electric Telegraph and Telephone are the most prominent among these. Telephony, which was invented by Graham Bell, helps us to hear the actual words of a speaker at a distance. Up to the year 1895 the only way of conveying messages by electricity was by means of connecting wires both in telegraphy and telephony. But in the year 1895 Signor Marconi, an Italian Electrical Engineer who had undertaken research work in war-time communications, invented an instrument by which messages could be conveyed through space. At first messages could only be sent a short distance. But he soon perfected it and to-day wireless messages can be sent to places thousands of miles distant.
It is indeed a most marvellous invention in the history of human inventions; and it has contributed in no less a manner to the annihilation of time and distance. All modern ships are fitted with wireless installations by which S. O. S. messages can be conveyed to other ships in times of distress.
To-day Broad-casting has become an household word, and is one of the world's popular forms of entertainments. World tidings conveyed to us by word of mouth, even when they are freed from emotional bias, have the strongest possible sense of reality. Finally, to knit together a heterogeneous and far-flung Empire is a

JUNG HINDU
| dream which has been realized through the inauguration of the Empire Broadcasting Station.
Are the English Just and Fearless ?
BY M. SARAVANAMUTTU,
Pre. Matric. A.
The English profess to be just and fearless. But they are not so at present though they might have been so before the twentieth century. They care mostly for the welfare of the people who are in some or other way related to them and having a white skin like them. For example take Abyssinia. It is a great country in Africa but occupied by black races. Their personal appearance and habits are like those of the negroes. It is probable that the Abyssinians might have descended from the negroes and afterwards became a little "civilized".
In the year 1936, Abyssinia was conquered by Signor Mussolini, the Italian Dictator. Abyssinia was a member of the League of Nations and Britain is also a member. But Italy is not se. After the World War of 1914-18, a pact was signed which stated "If any country attacks a member of the League, the other countries must help the latter".Britain gave a promise to make arrangements to stop the War, but did not follow it to the very end or fulfill the promise. Italy which is a more powerful nation than Ethiopia killed thousands of people by bombs and poisonous gas. How pitiful it is! Did the English help them? No! The reason is the Abyssinians are black races. Perhaps this will not be believed by my readers. To prove this I am giving an
example. Czechoslavakia was demanded I by Herr Hitler, the German Dictator, and

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THE YOUN
arrangements were made to attack Czechoslavakia. When our Premier, Mr. Neville Chamberlain heard of this he flew to Hitler to save the Sudetens, even though he was a little sick. He went there and established an "Universal Peace" by giving a part of Czechoslavakia to Hitler. The credit he gained by it has only made the Sudetens suffer and he got a bad name from the World. It will be seen that, in this case, he tried to save the Sudetens because they were whiteskinned.
The English are keeping the Abyssinian King with them. Why? If he is out he may sometimes collect an army and attack Abyssinia again! Another example: There has been war between China and Japan. for the last two or three years. How many Chinese are killed coldbloodedly by the Japanese! Even the British Ambassador at China was killed. The British did not ask the Japanese even about their Ambassador's death.
Why, because they are afraid of Japan!
Still another example of their injustice: The British have given Self-Government to all Colonies which are ripe enough for Self-Government except India, India is fit for Self-Government in all respects. Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Ireland are given SelfGovernment, all of which countries are occupied by white races. The reasons why they have not given Self-Government to India are:-It is a great centre for ruling their Eastern possessions. The people are not white. They fear that, if Self-Government is given to them sometimes they may not help them.
How many Merchant Ships are sunk by Germany, Italy and Japan. The British did not take proper steps to claim damage. Why? Because they were afraid. Britain did not spend much time in fighting in the last World-War of 191418, but got many Colonies after the War, They are as cunning as foxes.

I HINDU
SHIPS
BY T. KANAGALINGAM,
IInd Form.
There are many kinds of ships such as submarines, frigates, launches, steamers, ind several others. Ships are more useful to the people than boats and canoes. They were introduced by the western nations. There are also air-ships which are called aeroplanes.
Submarines are ships that could sail under water. They travel at the rate of sixty miles an hour. They are used for defending warships, Frigates are ships which are used during times of war. Launches are small steamers which launch for commerce and travel, but they can travel great distances. At the present time we can buy goods which we need and can play all sorts of games in a big steamer.
There are air-ships known as aeroplanes. There are various kinds of aeroplanes such as monoplanes and seaplanes. The aeroplanes were used during the Great
War. There were also used as destructive engines. Bombs and other dangerous missiles were thrown down upon the enemies from them. They are also used as commercial ships. Nowadays they carry letters from place to place very quickly. - Without ships we cannot send goods to different countries and it will be impossible to get things from there. In those days if the people did not have ships they could not have discovered any new countries. The people who lived at that time had sailing ships which were very difficult and dangerous to travel. Old sailors would not direct the ships without looking at the stars. Nowadays in steamers the sailors have a mariner's compass to find out the directions. - In conclusion we may say that ships
are very useful to mankind.

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THIE YOU வே லை யி ல் ல ா த் திண்டாட்டம்.
P, T. AYATH. Matric C.
உலகெங்கும் நாளுக்கு நாள் சனத்தொகை கூடிக்கொண்டே வருகின்றது. எங்கே பார்த் தாலும் சனங்களுக்கிடையில் களவும், தீச்செயல் களும் அரசாங்கத்தார்களுக்கிடையில் சண்டை யும், வகுப்புவாதக் கொள்கைகளும் மேன் மே லும் அதிகரித்து வருகின் றன. எத் தொழிற் சாலைகளிலும்வேலை செய்துவரும்கூலியாட்களைக் கூடத் தள்ளிவிடுகிறார்கள். ''கோழி மேய்க்கி லும் கோர்ண மேன்றுக்குக்கீழே மேய்யக்கவேண் டும்'' என்ற பழைய பழமொழிக்கேற்ப எதோ விதமாகக் காசையாவதுகட்டி எடுக்கத்தெண்டிக் கிறார்கள். ஒரு சிறிய எழுத்து வேலைக்கு ஆயி ரக்கணக்கானோர் மநுப்பத்திரம் அனுப்பி விடுவார்கள். கொழும்பு மாநகரத்திற்கு பெரும் உ.த்தியோகஸ்தர்களுடன் நேர்முகப் பரீட்சை செய்வதற்கு முதன் முதல் கால்ச்சட்டை, கைச் சட்டை தைப்பிப்பதற்கும் ரயில்பிரயாணம் செய் வதற்கும் அனேககாசைச் செலவழித்தும் ஈற்றில் கொழும்பையாவது ஒருக்கால் சுற்றிப்பார்த்து விட்டோமே என்று மனத் திருத்தியடைந்து விடுவார்கள். இப்படியே படித்த மடையர்களும் படியா த புத்திசாலிகளும் சந்திகளிலும் சாலை களிலும் ஒரு விதமான முயற்சியுமில்லாமல் சந் தோஷமாகக் காலத்தைக்கழித்து விடுகின்றார்கள். தங்கள் நிலைமையென்ன அல்லது தங்கள் தேசத் தின் நிலைமையென்னவென்று யோசிப்பவர் மிக வும் குறைவு. ஆநல்ல அலங்காரமாக விலைஉயர்ந்த பீதாம்பரங்களையும், மேல் நாட்டிலுள்ளவாசனைத் திரவியங்களையுமணிந் திருக்கும் மன்மதன்போன் ற வாலிபரொருவரை '' தம்பீ ! நீர் என்ன முயற்சி?'' என்று கேட்டால் 'நான் மற்றிக்கு லேசன் சோதனை எடுத்துவிட்டு சற்று இளைப்பா றுகின்றேன்'' என்று மெதுவாய்ச் சொல்லி விடு வார். ''அப்போ' நீர் சித்தியடைவிரோ'' என்று கேட்டால் '' நன்றாகச் செய்திருக்கிறேன். ஆனால் காலம் நல்லாக இருக்கவேண்டும்'' என்று சொல்லி விடுவார். இவரைப்போல் அனேகம் பேர் இப்படித் திரிகின்றார் கள்.
பள்ளிக்கூடத்தில் படிக்கும் மாண வர்களை யோசிக்கும்கால் அவர்கள் எப்பொழுதும் பரமா னந்தத் தில் மூழ்கிக்கொண் டிருக்கிறார்கள். சிலர் குலு குலுப்பாய் ஓடி விலையாடிக்கொண்டிருக்

NG HINDU
( கின் றார்கள், சிலர் இராவும் பகலும் புஸ்தகத்தை ப் பார்த்த வண்ண மாகவே யிருக்கிறார்கள். இப்படி ஒவ்வொருவரும் ஒவ்வொருவித மா க நடித்துக் கொண்டிருக்கிறார்கள். ஆசிரியர் களும் இவர்களுடைய நண் பர்க ளாகவே காணப் படுகின்றார்கள். ஆனால் அவர்களின்மேல் குற்றம் சாதிப்பது சரியன்று. கலாசாலைகளில் கூலிக்கு வேலை செய்பவர் போல் காணப்படுகின்றார்கள். இதெல்லாத்திற்கும் காரணம் கல்வி மந்திரியும் அவர்களின் கூட்டத்தாருமே.
பலரும் பல கூட்டங்களைக் கூட்டி அப்படிச் செய்யலாம் அல்லது இப்படிச் செய்யலாமென்று பேசுவதில் பலனில்லை. மாண வர் களை எவ்வித முயற்சிகளிலும் ஈடுபடக்கூடி யமுறையில் தகுந்த புதிய வசதிகள் கலாசாலைகளில் ஏற்படுத்தவேண் டும். பலவிதமான தொழில்களும் செய்யக்கூடிய கல்விச்சாலைகள் பல இடங்களிலும் உண்டுபண் ணி மாண வர்களை ருசிப்படுத்தவேண்டும். அதை விட்டு தற்போது நடக்கும் கல்விமுறைகள் தேச அபிவிருத்திக்கு ஒருவித உதவியையும் கொடுக்க மாட்டாது. எல்லோர்களும் ஒருகாலம் உடுக்க உடையின் றி உண்ண உணவுமின்றி அடிமைத் தலத் தில் அமிழ்ந்த வேண்டி நேரிடும். வெள்ளம் வாமுன் அணை கட்டிக்கொள்ளல் நன்று.
நூல் நிலையப் பிரசாரம்
By "C. M.,
Lond. Matric B.
'எண் ணும் எழுத்தும் கண்ணெனத் தகும்'' என்றபடி மக்கட்குக் கண் போன்றது கல்வியென் பது நமது நாட்டுப் பெரியோர்கள் கண்டுள்ள கருத்து. இது மிக அழகியதோர் உவமையாகும். உயிரனங்கட்கெல்லாம் கண் - இன்றியமையாத ஓர் உறுப்பு. ஒருவனுக்குக் கண் இல்லையேல் அவனுக்குப் பலன்கள் ஒன்றும் பயன்படா. அவன் பகலில் ஒளியை வீசும் சூரியனைக் காண மாட்டான். இரவில் படையைப்போல் சுற்றி நிற்கும் சந்திரனை அறியான். அவன் தான் சீவிக் கும் பூமியைப் பாரான். சுருங்கக்கூறின் அவ னுக்கு உலகவாழ்வு என்பதே இல்லையாய் ஒழி கின் றது. கண் ணைப்போன்று மக்கள் உயிர்வாழ் வ தற்கு இன்றியமையாத, பெருஞ் சிறப்பாயுள் ௗ து கல்வி.
ஆயின் கல்வி பயிற்று தல் எம்முறையில் செய்ய வேண்டுமென்பது பூர்வகாலந்தொட்டு இற்றை வரையில் ஆராய்ச்சிக்கிடமாய் நிற்கின்றது.

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THE YOUNG
ஆதிகாலத்தில் தமிழ்மக்கள் எழுத்துக்களை த அறிந் தாரல்லர். ஆனால் கேள்வி மூலமாகவே ய அறிவைப் பரப்பினர். நெடுங்காலத் திற்குப் பின் னர் எழுத்துக்கள் வழங்கப்படலாயின. பின்பு வாவரக் கல்விகற்க கருவிக 1. கைகூடின. கலா சாலைகள் ஆங்காங்கே நிறு வப்பெற்றன. கலா சாலையில் நூலுரைப்போர்க்கு முற்காலத்தில் வழங்கிய பெயர் 'கணக்காயர்''. திருக்கோயில் களிலும் கலாசாலைகள் நிறுவப்பெறலாயின. அநேக அரசர்கள் உதவி புரிந்து வந்தனர். இக் கலாசாலையில் கற்றுவந்த மாண வர்கட்குச் ''சட்டர்'' எனப் பெயர் வழங்கலாயிற்று. பின்பு காலாந் தரத்தில் வெவ்வேறு சமயத்தைச் சார்ந்த துறவிகள் தாங்கள் வசித்து வந்த இடங்களில் கல்வியைப்போற்றி நூல்களைத் தொகுத்து வர லாயினர். அவர்கள் கல்வியின் பொருட்டுச் செய்துவந்த முயற்சிகள் பல.
ஆங்கிலேய அரசு நமது நாட்டில் நிலைபெறத் தொடங்கிய காலந்தொட்டு அரசாங்கத்தினர் தாமே நேரில் கல்வியைப் போற்றி வரலாயினர் என்பது கண்கூடு. சர்வகலா சங்கங்கள் நிறுவப் பெற்றன. கல் லூ ரி க ள் பல அமைக்கப் பெற்றன. அரசாங்க உதவியால் கல்வி மென் மேலும் அதிகரித்தது. இவ்விதம் ஏற்றமடைந்த தற்கு அச்சுயந்திரம் நமது நாட்டிற்கு மேனாட் | டாரால் கொண்டுவரப்பெற்றதேயாகும். இவ்வித முயற்சிகள் அரசாங்கத்தினரே நேரில் முயன்ற 3 போதிலும் நம்மவர்கள் நூ ற்றுக்கு மூன்றுபேர் வீதமே எழுத்தறியும் அத் துணைக் கல்வி பயின்றார் கள். இவ்வளவு சனங்கள் கொண்ட எங்கள் இலங் கைத்தீவில் நூற்றுக்குத் தொண்ணூற்றேழுபேர் கள் எழுதவும் வாசிக்கவும் தெரியாதவர்களாய் இருக்கிறார்கள்.  ேமனாட்டில் கல்வியறிவு இல் லாதவர் நூற்றுக்கு மூன்று பேரேயாகும். ஆத ல பல் நூல்நிலையப் பிரசாரம் எங்கள் நாட்டிற்கு மிகவும் அவசியம்.
நகரங்களிலும் கிராமங்களிலும் ஆங்காங்கே யுள்ள மக்களின் தகுதிக்கும் அறிவிற்கும் ஏற்ற வா று பலதிறப்பட்ட நூல்களையும் தொ குத்து வைத்து வேண்டியோர்க்கு வேண்டுஞ் சமயத்து எளிதின் உதவி கல்வி அறிவைப் பாவச்செய்வதே நூல்நிலையப் பிரசாரத்தின் முக்கிய நோக்கமாகும்.
பிறிதொரு நூல்நிலைய வகையை இங்கே விசேடித்துக் கூறு தல் அமைவுடைத்தென்று எண் ணுகின்றேன். நமது அரிய பெரிய நூல் கள் பெரியோரால் இயற்றப்பெற்றவைகள் பாது காக்கப்பெறாது அழிந்து ஒழிந்து போயின. 5 மது முன்னோர் நமக்கென்று ஈட்டிவைத்த நூல்களை நாம் போக்கடிக்க வைப்போமானால் |

I HINDU
உமிழ்மக்கள் என்ற பெயருக்குத்தான் தகுதி
டையவராவோமா?
How to get on with
People
BY "EX-MATRICIAN".
1. Always say less than you think. Cultivate a low, persuasive voice. How Fou say it often counts more than what Fou say.
2 Make promises sparingly and keep hem faithfully, no matter what it costs Pou.
3. Praise good work done, regardless of who did it. If criticism is needed, criticise helpfully, never spitefully.
4. Be interested in others; interested n their homes and families. Let everyone you meet, however humble, feel that rou regard him as one of importauce. | 5. Be cheerful. Hide your pains, vorries and disappointments under a smile. | 6. Preserve an open mind on all depatable questions. Discuss, but not argue. It is a mark of superior minds to disagree ind yet be friendly.
7. Discourage gossip. Make it a rule o say nothing of another unless it is omething good.
8. Be careful of another's feeling. Wit und humour at the other fellow's expense įre rarely worth the effort, and may hurt where least expected. I 9. Pay no attention to ill-natured remarks about you. Simply live that nobody will believe them.
10. Don't be too anxious about your lues. Do your work, be patient and keep your disposition sweet, forget self, and Fou will be rewarded.

Page 8
THE YOU
Vitamins in Food
By “ MEDICO '" 3rd Form A.
O co PP N * N N NJ N w w Lo -N
ܠܐ ܚܕ ܚܕ ܟ
- co - N w
A B C D E Almonds
1 1 X Apples
1 1 2 B. I. Cresoted Emulsion
of Cod-liver Oil Banana
2 2 1 V Barley Beet Bi-Ferol
3 2 ---- 3 Bi-vitamin Bran Brains
1 2 ? 1 Bread made with milk 2 2 1v 1 Bread niade with water Brinjal Butter Butter-milk Cabbage-cooked Cabbage Green Fresh Carolina beans
1 2 ly Carrots cooked Carrots-raw Cauliflower raw
1 1 2 Cheese Coconuts
1 2 Coconut Oil
1 0 0 Cod-Liver Oii Emulsion
B. I. Cod-Liver Oil B. I. Collo Calcium with
Vitamin 'D' B. I. Cream
2 2 Creosoted Morrhuo Malt. 3 2 Cucumber Dates
1 1 Emulsion of Cod Liver
Oil 50% with Colloid
Calcium Eggs-yolk Eggs-(hens) Eggs-(ducks) Fish-(fat) Fish- vce) Fish-sprawns) Grape-fruit Green-beans Green-chilli Haemogen
- N + +
C) )
To I - a
را در بر S N\
کا لطف
2
- N N N w
= P N Co |
m m m a | -
O P N
W DO W

ING HINDU
W H H
N w
EN LO N 19 O - P N =
- LO N N O D w N = N P = W w
H - N
CI
2
ܬ ܬ ܟܬ | ܠܬ
A B C D E Haemomalt Heart Kidneys
2 2 1 I Lemon Juice
1 1 3 Lentil
1 2 1 Lettuce
2 3 3 Liver
2 2 1 1 Maize (whole grain)
1 2 -- Malt Extract B. I. Mango-ripe Marrow-(malt) Milk-scondensed)
2 2 1 1 Milk-cow Milk-goats
1 1 1 Milk-skimmed
1 ? 1 Malt-Lecithin Phospates 2 2 Malt Extract and cod.liver
oil & Iron from Iodidə 3 2 Malt-hspo-phospates Molasses (cane)
O 2 - Mustard oil Mutton Navy beans-(white beans) i 3 Oats
1 1 -- Onions
1 2 2 Orange-juice
1 1 - 3 Bapaya
2 1 3 Parsnip
1 2 ? Peaches-vaw
2 1 2 Peas-fresh Pepper-green Pineapple-raw or tinned Plum Potatoes-cooked Pumpkin Quino-Haemogen Raspberries-raw and
tinned 1 1 3 Radio-cod-liver oil Radio-Haemohen
1 2 ?. Radiated-malt
2 2 Radio-sterin Radish
1 1 2 Raisin
0 1 0 Rice-polished
0 0 0 Rice-whole grains Rye-(grouud)
1 2 0 Spinach-raw
2 3 3 1 Spinach-cooked Soya Bean
1 2 0
N v N A N N = N +
- N PO O N Uu w
E N N - O - N
o o N
در N ب ب 0
A O N -
N ස KN ය
3 2

Page 9
THE YOUNG
3
*U I w
g
A B C D EL Swede
1 1. Sweet potatoes-white and
red
2 1 ? Tamarind green Tomato-raw or preserved 2 3 Tuxnip
1 22 Usual walnut
1 1 X Vino-malt
- 2 2 Wheaten bread made
with milk
2 2 ? -- Wheaten bread made
with water Wheat-flour (white)
0 0 0 0 Wheat embryo
2 3 Wheat whole meal
1 2 o Contains vitamins Good source Excellent source of vitamins Vitamin content no essential value
Presence doubtful XUnknown v Variable
O Vitamin absent. According to solubility the five vitamins can be divided into two groups.
1. Water soluble B. & C.
Si2 2. Fat , A. D. E. Results of Deficiency
A. Xerophthalmis epithetial metaphasia growth failure, emaciation, loss of vitality, sterility, urolithiasis, increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections (visual, respiratory, digestive and genito-urinary tracts) and (possibly) to neoplasm.
B. Polyneuritis and (probably) human
ga beriberi, paralysis, digestive disturbances, cardiac weakness, emaciation, growth, failure, anaemia, impaired lactation.
C. Scurvy, growth failure, lowered vitality, capillary degeneration, hemorrhages, aoaemia, impairment of teeth, skeletal muscalar and visceral degeneration, secondary infection.
D. Rickets and Osteomalaea, dental Caries, weakness preindisposition to infection.
E. Sterility due to gonadal degeneration in male and imperfect placentation in female embysonic death resorption muscular
strophy, paralysis in young.
bu
ha
让 pad
in
C
Cr ar
SE
he

HINDU People I Would Like
to Meet
BY C. PANCHARETNAM,
, Matric C.
Tastes differ, in many ways. Each one s his own likes, and dislikes. Those cerested in politics would have the great -liticians of the world as their heroes, hom they worship, and to meet these en, would be their gladdest choice.
eat statesmen like Mr. Neville Chamberin, Mr. Daladier and President Rooselt, not to mention the dictators, are deed worth meeting at least to have a ance at them—the men who saved the orld from the bitter hands of war. But to ne who is interested in the field of sports, ese men, however great they may be, ould not be men to be preferred to those ants of cricket, who by their skill have ought great fame, not only to themselves it also to their mother countries. It s been my burning desire, for the last ( years, to meet these cricketers of whom have heard and read a lot. It was only a hundred years ago that is game of cricket was first begun to be ayed only by the rich men in England,
it was too expensive, compared with e other games in which the poor Julged. But as years advanced this me became a common one in whiclı th rich and poor had an equal share, d it is no wonder to find that most of e members of the present Australian Lm are none but those who live a hand
mouth living. Standard and interest in cket has improved by leaps and bounds d the last series of the Test matches tween England and Australia evoked so ich enthusiasm that even in such a all island like ours, lying thousands of les away from the field, men sat up e in the night, to listen to the radio to r Howard Marshall's description of the Le.

Page 10
THE YO
Bradman, the idol of the cricket worl is indeed a master of his art, and to se him in action is my earnest desire. I ar longing for the days when I would b strolling about the Oval, witnessing th clash for "the ashes" between Englan and Australia. Where can we find luckie
men than those who were present at th fifth Test match to see England brea records after records to pile up a niin
moth total in the end? Just as a sta shooting up all of a sudden came Le Hutton into the lime-light by scoring tl "highest ever” made in Test matches.
Bi admin, the captain of Australia, indeed a treat to watch when in his bes form bearing the whole burden of th team on his shoulders, and whether it is case of victory or of loss, he stands u manfully to the bullet-like deliveries o the speed merchants of England as if t tell them that Australia has yet not los her prestige in Test cricket. Great is th honour bestowed by the world on Brad man, the son of a little state, but th king of a great game.
Hopeless Muddle
The existing literature on war causatic reveals the almost hopelessly muddle condition of our knowledge in this fiel and in that of causality generally. W find in this literature, first an almost u belivable diversity of causes set forth t different, and sometimes even by the sa in investigators. The causal factors evoke include: sunspots, climate, conjunctions
planets, and other cosmic factors; instinc of pugnacity, of war, of fighting, of her and of aggressiveness; overpopulatio underpopulation, high and low birth ar mortality rates; universal law of strugg for existence, and other biological factor fear, fight for freedom, relaxation fro inhibitions imposed by civilisation, sadisi lust for power, ostentation, vanity, ar

UNG HINDU
e
|, | dozens of other psychological forces; a long e | list of economic, political, dynastic, religi1. ous, aesthetic, educational, and other social e factors; diverse cultural conditions like e “the true and false culture," mores, and 1 the like; philosophical abstractions like
Destiny, Providence, and so on; and finally, various “wicked," greit- and smallmen and groups.
This enormous diversity of the causes is sufficient evidence of a lack of a real knowledge of the problem. What would we say if such an agglomeration of diverse
causes were listed, let us say, for diphthe| ria, or for the birth of a child ? --Prof.
P. A. Sorokin, of Harvard University.
.n
Od .E o 0
2.3
Results of the Inter-House
Volley Ball Tournament 2- | 22-5-39
Casipillai beat Nagalingam
2-1 23-5-39
Sabapathy beat Pasupathy
2-0 24-5-39
Casipillai beat Selvadurai
2--0 25-5—39
Nagalingam beat Pasupathy 2-0 | 26-5-39
Selvadurai beat Sabapathy
2-1 Pe 29-5-39
| Nagalingam beat Sabapathy 2–0 Py 30–5–39
Casipillai beat Pasupathy
2-0 31-5-39
Selvadurai beat Nagalingam
2-0 | 1—639
Casipillai beat Sabapathy
2-1 2-6-39
Selvadurai beat Pasupathy
2--0 The Young Hindu offers its congratu|lations to Casipillai House on their winad | ning the Championship.
- a o R S T E

Page 11
THE YOUNG
Editor:
P. KATHIRAVELOE, la
Matric C. Asst, Editor:
S. VEERAVAGU,
Matric D. FICHEIRIDIANTINIHIHIHIHIGITURATURAREN AMAIERUANTITIH | THE YOUNG HINDU
Wednesday, June 7, 1939.
EDITORIAL NOTES
This fortnight there is a lot of to-do at College.
The London Matriculation Examina- w. tion began yesterday and those few of us is who are sitting for the examination will heave a sigh of relief when the week is over, irrespectively of how we have done in the examination. The J. S. C. withdrawal test is very nearly over and di we do not know how many are being withdrawn.
The two new classes viz., the Inter-Arts and the Post. Ma tric, have begun work and there seem to be new admissions coming in daily. The Science Laboratories have received their latest instalment of goods in time.
th
m
V CI
A
We congratulate Casipillai House on its winning the Inter-House Volley-Ball Championship. Details of the score will be found elsewhere in this issue.
A DT
The Inter-House Athletic Meet com- y mences next week and already there is. m great enthusiasm among the students, He would be a bold man who would predict the name of the winning House - V

HINDU
s well distributed seem to be the aletes,
Our cubs, who won the Dyson Totem -le last year in open competition, hope repeat the perfomance tomorrow and th this end in view are smartening emselves up.
What is Culture ?
Culture is an abstract word—the thing an abstraction (and all abstractions end to become dopes and a dope habit is
d). Let us make it easier by translang into concrete terms:
Culture is the training or discipline by hich mans's moral and intellecual nature refined and enlightened." Culture is the product of cultivation. ulture pertains to people and things. bu must have some thing or some person ho is cultivated. But people and things sfer in ther natures, They differ both objects of observation and as objects of eculation. They are not only different shapes and sizes; they are different in eir ends or purposes. The culture of human beings is their ltivation according to their naturc, i. e. bir purpose, both immediate and ultiite. There is therefore no cultivation
men in general except religious cultition. Religious cultivation is the ltivation os the whole race of men with Tiew to eternal beatitude or temporal ppiness. It is the quality of being cultited according to the character of your rticular pupose-religious in relation to ur last end," secular in relation to your ans of earning a living.
Culture, then, that is to say the cultition of inen means the quality of mén 10. are trained, cultivated according to

Page 12
10.
THE YOU
their common ends of attaining eterna beatitude; but as all men differ from on another, and therefore live and earn thei livings in different manners, the qualitie and kind of culture will differ.
Such is the nature of culture as I under stand it. It is not something added lik sugar on a pill. It is the quality of being cultivated according to your way and purpose of living. A peasant culture i: the product of peasants cultivated accor ding to the nature of peasant life. A towi culture is the product of townsmen culti vated according to the nature of towr life. There is no such thing as culture apart from purpose. And human culture is the product of what men do for a liv ing.--Eric Gill, in Fournal of the Roya Society of Art.
Origins
Gathered from various Sources.
Hambledon, a picturesque village in Hampshire, claims to be the cradle o English cricket. Its club is one of the most famous in the history of the game for it flourished in the middle of the eighteenth century; and could hold it: own with the rest of England. In 1777 a team composed of Hambledon men de feated All England by an innings and 68 runs.
*
Boycott is derived from a certain Cap. tain Boycott, who was employed as an agent by an absentee Irish landlord. He
was oppressive and overbearing in his deal. ings with the tenants, who refused to have any dealings with him; in fact, they extended the "boycott," or policy of nonintercourse, to anyone who communicated in any way with the hated agent.
El Dorado is in Spanish and means "the gilded cne." It was first applied to a

JNG HINDU
1 | South American chief who was wont to
anoint himself with oil and then sprinkle himself with gold dust; but it later came to designate a mythical land in which gold was to be found in lavish abundance, * Figuratively, we apply the name to any region or enterprise that abounds in opportunity; also to denote a supreme goal, or a condition or a source of perfect plenty.
The expression point blank is derived from the French de pointe de blanc, meaning to ainm directly at the white mark in the centre of the target. It has acquired the meaning "direct, unqualified."
The Nazi salute, as now observed by Germans the World over, has a pedigree extending back to Germanic tribal days. The ancient Teutons saluted with the right arm extended almost perpendicularly, whereas the fashion Adolf Hitler introduced in the days of the party's early struggles showed the right arm pitched forwarded at an angle of about 45 degrees --between the orthodox Roman and Olympic versions.
Hitler virtually copied the greeting of the early Teutons when free Germans saluted onther with outstrected arim and open palnm. The extended arm represented honourable recognition of an equal and the open palm indicated that the saluter bore no weapons.
Colourful Man
When a man is rebellious, we call him red; when he is afraid, we call him yellow; when he is straight, we call him white; when he is loyal, we call him true blue; when he is ignorant, we call him green; and when he is devoid of sympathy, we call hiin colour less.

Page 13
THE YOUN Sir Walter Scott.
BY S. SIVAYOGAN,
Inter-Science.
Sir Walter Scott, the well-known author of "Waverley Novels" is the creator of the historical novel in English. He was born in 1771. His life was so varied and interesting that he was almost as romantic as any of his chivalrous Border Heroes.
He was born in Edinburgh. His father was a lawyer. From his boyhood onwards he was thrilled by the tales of adventure and romance about Border chieftains from whom he was descended
He used to go in to the country, round about Edinburgh, and collect old tales, fragments of ballads and folk lore from the village folk. In 1792 he was made an Advocate and seven years later the sheriff-depute of Selkirk shire.
In spite of his legal duties he did all his literary work with almost inhuman speed. It is believed that he began to write "Waverley" at first, but discarded it in preference to tales told in poetry.
After some minor efforts, he produced "The Lay of the Last Minstrel", in January, 1805. This work was much more successful than any other similar work before. Thirty thousand copies were sold. All–from the duke to the dustman-read it and were delighted. The most censorious critics praised the poem. The light horseman sort of stanza," as the author called it, and its energetic style made it the more delightful.
At this moment of triumph and success was also sown the seed of future troubles

G HINDU
in store for him. He entered into partnership with Ballantyne in publishing business--a small matter, no doubt, but et pavel the way for the infinitely greater Ginancial difficulties, which were showered on hin some fourteen years later. - In order to aid the publishing firm, to -which he belonged, he began to write evith renewed energy. ‘Marmion' which was published in 1808, met with still greater success. The Lady ofRhe Lake' appeared in 1810. "The vision of Don Roderick" in 1811; "Rokeby" in 1812 and "The Bridal Triermain'" in 1813. These works brought in immense sums of money which were devoured by the zenturesome and mismanaged publishing business.
In 1812 Scott bought "Abbotsford" on che banks of Tweed, and thus realised one of his ambitions by living in a grand style like his ancestral Border chieftains, Now his popularity as a writer of, romanEic tales in poetry was threatened by Byron--a new star in the horizon. The lemands of the publishing firm were ever ncreasing.
He solved the problem by finishing FWaverley," which was laid aside, and published it anonymously in 1814. It
vas known as the "Great Unknown" till _827 when Scott revealed his authorship. Till about 1825 be wrote with unremiting but brilliant and prosperous success. During these years he improved "Abbotsord" and lived in a grand style, always
ospitable, his house ever filled with guests, with whom he enjoyed life.
- No other writer could write with such - speed as Scott. No doubt there are =ome traces of speed in his books-ungrammatical sentences, loosely construct

Page 14
12
THE YO
ed phrases, hackneyed language, colou less characters, over dramatic scenes an so on. But most of his books are s interesting and lively that they hold th readers in suspense. "Kenilworth,” “RO Roy," "Ivanhoe" and "Talisman" ar examples of his work in those busy day when he did -his legal duties as the sherif We stand aghast at the super-humai energy of this man.
Towards 1825 shadows of impending disasters were cast. The firms failed and a debt of £ 130,000 was loaded on Scott Scott refused to go bankrupt. In addi tion he was dangerously ill and his wife died at that time. He refused any assistance and cleared about half of his debts alone.
The struggle with such an enormou debt was too much for even such a man like Scott, His mind gave way and he lived for some time under the happy delusion that he had cleared all his debts.
He undertook a voyage to Italy foi recuperating his health, at the expense of his country, whose aid he had spurned before. In July 1832 he returned to "Abbotsford" homesick and restless and passed away in September.
This man was not only a master-mino in literature but he was one of the larges hearted' and the greatest-souled’ of men He fought the good fight more valiantly than his heroes and ran his race a nobly as any. Thus closes one of the most epic and heroic chapters in English Literature.
Fallacies By "WIŚEACRE."
When people refer to Tsar Nicholas II who was murdered by the Bolsheviks, a

UNG HINDU
| the last of the Romanoffs, they are wrong
from the point of view of historical Sequence. If we are to speak in terms of blood and not of names, the Romanoff Dynasty ended when Peter III was strangled in 1762 by the Orioffs and their ac. complices. Peter III's wife, Catherine II, had a son by Soltikov, and this son ascended the throne as Paul I, retaining, however, the dynastic name "Romanoff”.
* It is not true that steel will not burn. Fine stoel shavings burn rapidly, and larger pieces of steel will burn also. A pile of steel once caught fire at a steel
mill in Pennsylvania and burned for several months.
It is a common belief that all oil is lighter than water, and will float on the surface if they are poured into the same vessel. This is true of most cils, but there are at least two oils which will not loat on Water: oil of wintergreen and sassa fres oil. Both of this oils are used for flavour. ing and sassafres is also used for perfumery, and as a tonic and astringent.
*
It is widely believed that rabbits shonld be lifted by the ears. This is wrong. The rabbit, especially in its domesticated estate, where it becomes heavy, suffers when lifted by the ears. Because the animal's ears are long does not mean that they were created to serve as handles. Rabbits should be listed by the scruff of the neck.
Rain does not cause bad radio recep: tion. The legend no doubt originated because thunderstorms, which sometimes interfere with wireless programmes, are | generally accompanied by rain,

Page 15
THE YOUNG Sense and Nonsense
CINSO
A Man is as old as he looks when he needs a shave; a won1an as old as she looks right after washing her face -- Virginia
Mountaineer.
About the only thing that gives a man any comfort these day's is a pair of old shoes. --Bagology.
= 0 A 0 A O 3 = 9
Two of the most heart-breaking situations in life are these: A home without a
ai mother and a mother without a home.
ar -- Paints. I ge
ra
Every time a min gets to thinking that he's a big gun, somebody fires him.
|-lan Wright, I cl
Be original. Imitation is a confession of limitation. --D. F. Hern.
do 50.2 8 5
To c'inb hislier, keep on the level.- C. S. Barasch:
Record is what someon: ht been. Rcputation, whil he is thought to b2. ChaTacler, what he is. -- Burines Press.
A social climber is a person who spends money he lasti't got to buy things he | fi doesn't require in order to impress people tt he doesn't like. -- Eric Naartens.

HINDU
13
Lazy Gases
We have some ninety-odd elements in 1, and chemists have known for a long
ne that these can be arranged more or SS systematically in a periodic table -ntaining ciglit groups or families. The embers of each family resemble each her in chemical behaviour, but differ in aysical propei ties--they are like a family
brothers with different heights, weights, ed ages, who otlierwise look alike, think Ske, and act atlike. Some of these fami. es, like the cllorine family or the sodium inily, react quickly and violently; they e continually looking for trouble. Others e a great deal more placid-silver and old, for example, scarcely react at all. ut the most phlegmatic, the most connted group hy far is the family of the re or inert gases.
This family of, elements has several aims to distinction, for most of which | contented disposition is respensible. por example, no compounds of the rare ses exist in mlume. They form the only oup of elements in which every member gasecus under ordinary conditions. The oms of every other gas (like hydrogen
oxygen) Wilrict with themselves to rm molecu'es containing two atoms ch; the rane gases are so inert that even eit atoms will not unite, and their moleles consequently contain only one atom ch.
With one exception, their names are rived from the Greek and picturesque
mes they are: Helium, from the Greek prd for sun, where its spectrum was Bt discovered; argon means "no work", it is to say, lazy or content; neon is he new one"; krypto:1, "the hidden one'';

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14
THE YO
xenon, “the stranger'; and radon, mea ing derived from radium, also called nito or "shining” because it is luminous,
At the close of the last century, Lor Rayleigh encountered a puzzling discr pancy. He found that nitrogen prepare from air was slightly heavier than nitroge obtained from chemicals. In a series brilliant investigations, he proved the this difference was due to the presence i air of a new element heavier than nitrogen which he named argon. In this way, discrepancy that would have seeme trifling to many led to the discovery of new family of elements and to the con pletion of the periodic table.
The family of the rare gases was con pleted about 1900, when it was discovere that radium spontaneously breaks dow to give radon, and a doubly charge helium atom, or alpha particle.
As the designation rare gases implie these elements are not very abundan Excepting only raden, however, they ar all present in the air we breathe. If fror the air in a room of ordinary size the rat gases were extracted and confined i cubic boxes at atmospheric pressure, th box containing the argon would be fairl large, say, 26 inches on a side, for argo constitutes nearly 1 per cent. of th atmosphere. The dimensions of the othe boxes would be: neon, almost 3 inches f each side; helium, almost 2 inches; krypto about 1 inch; xenon, about half an incl In other words, the argon would fill large refrigerator while the xenon woul fill only a peanut shell
There need be no fear of an immedia scarcity of these gases, however; eac square mile of the earth's surface suppor about 800,000,000 pounds of argen. T}

UNG HINDU
1
-| atmosphere at present supplies all the n inert gases except helium and radon.
Helium is extracted from the natural gas found in Kansas and Texas, the richest source of supply in the world—wells near Fort Worth give a product containing between one and two per cent. of heliumi. These gases are so inest that their recovery must always be accomplished by physical methods—that is, by condensation and evaporation.
Since inertness is the outstanding che| mical characteristic of the rare gases, this | inertness suggests that these elements
must have a unique structure, and so they do. All elements are built with the same building blocks: protons or positively charged units, electrons or negatively
charged units, and neutrons, composed of 1 | a proton and an electron intimately
joined and carrying no charge.
a
ല
4.
O C
The celebrated experiments of Lord Rutherford first taught us that the heavy particles, the protons and neutrons, are concentrated in a tiny nucleus, which is surrounded by the electrons distributed in shells, or (as the physicists prefer to call them) quantum levels. Lord Rutherford proved this structure by bombarding | atoms with.. alpha particles, which are
simply helium atoms with the electrons | stripped away. Helium has only one
electron shell, and this shell is filled when | two electrons (ccupy it--there is roon
for no more. Each of the other rire | gases has more than one electron shell; | but no matter how many such shells
there are, the outermost one always con|tains eight electrons, no more, no less.
a
d
F (
* Now, the electrons in the outermost Es shells make chemical reactions possible. ne | If an element, is bui f with a complete

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THE YOUNG
outer shell, to which electrons cannot be | added and from which they cannot be taken away, then that element cannot react chemically. In other words, the rare gases are content with the number of electrons they possess and this contentment makes them chemically inert.
Helium is used for inflating dirigibles. It has 25–27 times the lifting power of hydrogen. Since helium has the lowest | 2 boiling-point on record, only a few degress above the absclute zero, it is vital to all research conducted at very low temperatures.
Neon is used chiefly in electric signs. Argon with some nitrogen added is used extensively in filiing incandescent lamps. If the tungsten wire which is the source of light is operated in vacuum, the tungsten evaporates to the walls: the wire becomes progressively thinner until the lamp burns out while the walls become blacker so that less light passes through. An inert gas hinders evaporation and greatly increases the efficiency and the life of the lamp.
All contributions to The Young Hindu should reach the Editor at least one week before the date of publication, i. e., before ncon on the Wednesday of the week previous to the Wednesday of publication,
The Editor reserves the right to accept, 51odify or reject any article submitted 5 for publication.

THINDU
15
விடுகதை.
ஆதிகாலையிலப்பனை விட்டவள் அறிவுள்ளோர் கையிலடுத்தவள் வேதனையாகவே மேனிகிழிந்தவள் குத் துகள் வெட்டுகள் கட்டுப்பட்டுண்டவள் ஏ துகாணிவள் மஞ்சள் குளிக்கிறாள் எத்துணையிட்டு தன்மேனிமினுக்கிறாள் ஒதுகாணிவள் தாசியுமல்லவே ரைத்த வற் கோ ராயிரம் பொன்னுந் தருவனே.
பிறப்பிறப்பிலையா மீசனு மல்லை பேசுகிலைந் தெழுத்துடையோன் மறைக் குலத் து தித்தோன் அடைக் கல மழித்தோன் வகுத் துரையவன் பேரெனக்கு
(தொடரும்) இவற்றிற்கு விடை அடுத்தபிரதியில் வரும்,
|A Man Gives a Woman
Money
1. If he has to
2, Through vanity. 3. Through Cowardice. 4. Because he wants to keep her. 5. Because he wants to get rid of her. 6. To flat ter her. 7. To insult her. 8. Because she aslkedl him for it. 9. Because he doesn't want her to ask 10ther man for it.
But every 111a11 gives 6 (40mma10 1101ney 10. So that she shall love him for imself, not for his money.
-- World Digest.

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| 16
THE YOU
Variety
Church Bells have become of nationa value in Germany noiy that she is sorti fying her western frontiers and need extra guns of heavy calibre to guard them The bronze is urgently required, and during the last few months hundreds o bells have been removed and replaced by new ones made of aluminium.
Fruits and vegetables can now be candled" like eggs, by using X rays. The shadows made by imperfections in the
material can be seen on the screen of fluerescope, which gives of light unde the action of X-rays.
The shortest boxing encounter in th history of prize-fighting took place in
Montreal in 1928, between AI Foremen o England and Ruby Levine of Russia The latter was knocked out in eleven an a half seconds, including the court. Tha is, the actual fight lasted one and a hal seconds.
Weight for. weiglit, chimpanzee is fou times as strong as man.
*
A waterfall is warmer at the botton than at the top because of the heat gene rated as the water strikes ground.
If there were no birds to keep eating the destructive insects, weeds and rodents the world would be impossible to live in
within ten years.
Long life, as well as great strength are the characteristics of the ant. The queen of some species lives fifteen years and longer. The workers, which are un developed females, live four or five years while the male ants are short-lived, lik the drones in a bee-hive.

JNG HINDU
The highest standard gauge railway in the world is a line from Callao to Huan
cayo, Peru, which at one point reaches an | altitude of 15,663 fcet--nearly three
miles.
The features of a huge clock erected in Messina, Italy, are a bronze lion 12 feet high, which roars åt nocn, and a cock 6 feet high which CroIVS at sunrise and sunset.
*
The Sahara Desert, in Africa, embraces an area nearly as large as the mainland of the continent of Europe.
Metabolism tests have definitely shown that women have a lower heat production | than men. A woman of the sme height age and weight as a man produces approximately 10 per cent. less heat than the man does.
CU.
f
. One modern machine for making electric lamp bulbs can turn cut 500,000 bulbs a day-the, work of 500 glassblowers,
For the first time in the history of Ceylon an elephant owned by Buddhist priests was recently buried with full | Buddhist rites. Five priests officiated at
the ceremony.
**
The lowest temperature at the North Pole is 60 degrees below zero.
More than £800,000,000 in bad debts are entered up in Uncle Sam's account books. Nearly half represents the default of twelve European countries including Great Britain -- to the United States Government under the heading of Was Debts. The other half is due to private American holders of foreign bonds on
which the issuing countries defaulted.
SAIVA PRAKASA PRESS, JAFFNA.

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