கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: The Young Hindu 1939.10.04

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THE YOUN
* Vol. IV,
WEDNESDAY, 4th
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How Pandit Nehr
BY S. SENATHIRAJA
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rompted by a keen desire to have a
look at India's Napoleon, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, who was on a visit to Colombo, I hurried to the Kokuvil Sta
al tion to entrain to Lanka's Capital. The train was packed to the full with pilgrims bound for the Sylvan Shrine of n Kataragama. I was very anxious to reach the metropolis but the train seemed to move rather slowly. After twelve long hours the train steamed into the the Maradana station and I got down with my belongings and hastened to my brother-in-law's residence situated at no great distance from the station. The shunting and whistling of trains at the nearby station, the sounding of the horns of motor cars plying their way up and down the road, the shouting of the drivers of buggies, which were weaving their way in and out of the traffic--all blended together produced a deafening sound which provided a striking contrast to Jaflna's tranquillty.
66
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G HINDU
OCTOBER, 1939. No. 9.
al and True
ause33
u Advised Me Lh, Matric B.
At Maligakande Vihare
Having completed my early morning plutions, I started for Maligakande ihara with all the speed at my command. I half-an-hour's time I reached my destiition. It was 9-30 a.m. A great crowd Id assembled in front of the beautiful id sacred shrine of Maligakande. As I is having a hand camera I was given a ace by the side of the gateway. All es were eagerly awaiting the arrival of dia's Darling. The crowd kept on ineasing in number. At about 11 a. m. ere was a stir among those present and big brown car threaded its way through e crowd and halted in front of the hare's portals. Suddenly there arose in the crowd tumultuous cries of awaharlal Nehru.ki-Jai" These were companied by the pealing of the vihare's lls and the music of the drumers and trumpeters. The door of the e opened and out came a scintillating

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personality clad in full Khaddar unifori cap-a-pie. The very first appearance o this Mazzini of India anply justified th imaginary picture which had hithe to been existing in my mind. Ta in Stature, dignified in àppearanc simple and strong in manner, Pandit Jawa harlal Nehru, barring Mahatma Gandh is today India's best loved man. An in nocent smile enriched his mouth as h shook hands with the vihare authorities A lovely and well-built woman clad i a silk Swedeshi Sari stood by the side o Pandit Nehru. This was Mrs. Krishni Huthee Singh, Pandit Nehru's younges sister. Nehruji and his sister wer. conducted into the temple. The Sinha lese National ensign was fluttering gaily at the top of a long pole erected i front of the Vihare. As the Pandit en tered the temple the monks began to chant "Jaya-Mangala gathas". Nehri and his sister were offered seats in fron of the altar, situated at the centre of a spacious hall. Then this Garibaldi o India was presented with an address o welcome by the very Rev. Wimalasen: Narada Thero, the chief priest of th Vihare. The address paid glowing tri butes to the services rendered by that self less patriot towards the cause of India' struggle for "Purana Swaraj" and re quested him to help them to get the con trol of Buddha Gaya, the Mecca of th Buddhists. Pandit Nehru in his repl thanked them for the cordial welcom awarded to his sister and to himself an promised to help them in the Buddh: Gaya issue. In response to the enthusia stic cheers of the crowd the Pandit ap peared on the balcony and stood ther there for about five minutes saluting th people. After a short time he left th place amidst loud cheering. It wa already a quarter past twelve and I re turned to my residence.
Mammoth crowd at Galle Face
It was 3.15 p. m. when I left for Gall

ING HINDU
POR 4
|| Face with a friend of mine. On that fair
evening all roads led to Galle Face Green. At big junctions the traffic was often blocked by large numbers of people bound for Galle Face. The Galle Face Green was a sea of heads. The multitude was cosmopolitan in eharacter and exceeded 50,000. Never in the history of Ceylon did the visit of an ambassador of goodwill attract such a large gathering. Just two minutes before 4. p. m. Pandit Nehru arrived and was conducted amidst deafening cheers to the dais erected at the centre of the Green.
In his speech Nehruji dwelt on the atrocities inflicted on the subjugated na. tions by the imperalistic Britisher. He stated that India and Ceylon can never
afford to be apart, as no two other coun| tries had such close racial and cultural | ties as these two countries. He explained
that "Barath Matha" was not a very beautiful woman with long hair standing in front of a map of India, but she was no other than the souls of the 350,000,000 Indian people. The cries of "Barath
Matha-ki jai" and "Bande Matharam" were but the words uttered in adoration of the hungry millions in Ind a.
He assured his listeners that India would render all possible help for the cause of Lanka's Freedom. "A Free India would not tolerate Lanka being exploited by a foreigner” said that hero. His speech was so inspiring that those present in the meeting, forgot their differences and were dreaming of a free and contented federation of India and Ceylon. His speech was rendered audible to that vast crowd by a large number of loudspeakers. A slight sensation was caused when Mr. Colvin R. de Silva, President, Sama Samaja Party, rose to translate the Pandit's speech into Sinhalese. Some of the members of the Labour
Group organised by Mr. A. E. Goonesinghe-shouted asking Mr. Silva not to speak. The Pandit appealed in vain' to maintain order. The mischief-makers

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THE YOU
who had been instigated by their leader, | refused to keep quiet until Mr. Silva stopped speaking.
"May I stop?" asked he
"No, go on" said the Pandit. Finding their efforts fruitless they resorted to violence and threw a stick at Mr. Silva. Fortunately it was warded off. Indians who were present in the meeting, tucked up their clothes and began to charge the mischief makers. Soon they were joined in by Sinhalese and Muslims. By this time the Pandit pulled up his sleeves and attempted to jump into the crowd with a view to control it. But he was held back by Dr. R. Saravanamuttu, the ex-mayor; Soon the mischief-makers took to light and all was quiet. Jawaharlal went away to deliver a radio speech and again returned to the meeting in half-an-hour's time. Meanwhile Mr.
M. Sut baiah translated Nehru's speech into Tamil. The meeting continued up to 9. p. m. when the crowd dispersed after the singing of "Bande Matharam.
At Fonseka Gardens On the next day (24th July). I had the opportunity of being at Nehru's residence for a few hours. I was seated near the Pandit for an hour and a half. The feelings that came to my mind are indescribable. The longer we are with that modern Arjuna the greater pleasure do we feel. Every word uttedred by him is surcharged with magnetism. His simplicity of dress, majestic walk, and his simple but forcible expressions make peo. ple rally round him. Several came and fell at his feet. Those present fell in a conversation about the sad plight of Ceylon. I embraced the opportunity and exchanged a few words with that Rama. I got his autograph. "Are you a student?". asked the Pandit, "Yes, Nehruji" I said and asked him "How can I serve my country?" "Be practical and true to the cause" said he.
I spent some more time in that beautiful bungalow and reurned to my residence

NG HINDU
at about 11 p.m. Nehru was busy receiving deputations. During his stay in Colombo the Pandit seldom slept before 1 a.m.
The Pandit was accorded grand receptions by the Muslim Association and the Saiva Mangayar Kalagam situated at
Wellawatte. At the Mangayar Kalagam the Pandit gave a bit of sound advice to the our Ceylonese Sisters.
"You should give up your drawingroom habits and join hands with the men for the upliftment of this country" said he.
At the Aerodrome On the 25th I hurried to the aerodrome to witness the departure of the Pandit. I reached the place by 8-30 a.m. By that time a great crowd had assembled there. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru arrived there at about 9 a. m. Amidst loud cheers he bade goodbye to those present having delivered his final message to Lanka.
And he kissed his sister with a brotherly embrace and walked towards the 'plane. The last moments were very tense. Pindrop silence prevailed. All the people stood motionless pained by the departure of such an important personality who had captivated their hearts within a few days stay among them. On nearing the 'plane the Pundit suddenly turned round and walked. towards the crowd. Delighted by this gesture of the Pandit the people gave - vent to their feelings and there arose from the gathering a tumultuous cheering like the loud report of a battery of machine guns. Soon a large number of garlands were heaped on the Pandit. Nehruji went round with hands heaped in the oriental form of salutation. Then he approached the plane and took his seat with quivering lips. The last few minutes were exciting until the 'plane skipped off from the Rat
malana Aerodrome. All the people returned to their homes with a melancholy
mien regretting the departure of India's illustrious son. I too reached my residence at about 11 A. M.

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' 'மணி' எவ்வாறு
க ழி த்
GRANDMOTHER'S E
BY S. VD)
Man
('மணி,' ஒரு பண்டிதரினுடைய மகன். 'பசு' வண்டியில் போக்குவரவு செய்பவன். என் னுடைய நண்பன். ஆனமையின் எனக்குமவ னுக்குஞ் சம்பந் தமுண்டு. ஆயின் ஒரு செய்தி யில் இருவருக்கும் வேற்றுமையுமுண்டு. 'மணி' பாட்டியை நேசிக்கின்றான். யான் அப்படி யல்ல. காத்திராப்பிரகாரம் இன்று காலை 'மணி' மானி நகர் இருந்து யாழ்நகர் செல்லும் 'பசு'வண்டியில் என்னைச் சந்தித்தான். அப் பொழுது தனது விடுதலை கழிந்த திறனைப்பற்றி எனக்குக் கூறினான். அவன் கூறியவைகள் ஒரு சொற்பொழிவை நிகர்க்கும். ஆனமையின் அஃதினையுங்கட்கு எடுத்துரைக்கநச்சுகின்றேன்.)
''அப்பா இன்று தான் என்னைக் கோபித்து வைதார். ''மணி' உனக்கு இன்னும் புத்தி பிறக்கவில்லையா? யான் எவ்வளவு செல்வத்தை யழித்து இப்புதிய கல்வீட்டைக் கட்டினேன்! ஆயின் நீ அஃதினை வெறுத்துப் பாட்டியின் ஓலைக்கொட்டிலையே விரும்புகின்றாய்! நன்றா யிருக்கின்றது! 'கனியிருக்கக் காய் கவர்ந்தனை'! பாட்டி!,....... என்னை? அவள் பனங்கட்டி வைத் திருக்கிறாளா?'' என்ற விதமான மங்கள வாழ்த் திசைக்கத் தொடங்கினாரப்பா. யான் செயற் கைப் பொருள்களில் விரும்பியவனல்லன். அப் பாவினது கல்வீட்டில் யாது பயனிருக்கின் றது? அதனுள் பிரவேசித்தால் ஓட்டினுடைய வெம் மையைத்தான் பரிசிலாகப் பெறலாம். பாட்டி யினது வீட்டுமுற்றத் தில் எத்தனை யழகான மா மரங்கள் நிற்கின்றன தெரியுமா? எல்லாங் கனி களைச் சொரிந் தபடியே காணப்படுகின் றன! அம் மரங்களே அவளது வீட்டிற்கு, ஒரு பந்தல் போன்று காணப்படுகின் றன. அஃது இயற் கைப் பந் தல். வீட்டின் நான் மருங்கும் பூந் தோட்டங் காணப்படுகின்றது. அவைகளுக்குப் பாய்ச்சும் வாய்க்கால் நீர்வற்ற இருபொழுது செல்லும். மலரின து சிறப்பை, அறிய விரும் பினால் ஆங்கு மாலைப்பொழுதில் செல்லவேண்

தனது விடுதலையைக் நான் ?''
EPLY TO 'CANDIDUS'
AUTHIAPILLAI, ஈic B.
டும். இரண்டுகா வதந் தூரத்திற்கப்பால் உள் ள து ஒரு தாமரை வாவி.மருதநில வயல்களின் நடுவணுள்ளது. ஆங்குமியற்கையன்னையின் காட்சிகள் பலவுண்டு, சில வேளை களில் யான் ஆங்குச் செல்வதுண்டு. முற்கூறிய பூந்தோட் டத்தின் நடுவணோர் முதிர்ந்த நெல்லி மரம் பரந்து நிழல்பரப்பி நிற்பதைக் காணலாம். அவ் வூர் வாலிபர்கள் சிலராங்குவருவதுண்டு. வேலை யில்லாத் துரைமார்களும் ஆங்கேயே தமது நேரத் தைக் கழிப்பர். ஆகலின் அந்நெல்லிக்கு 'ஒய்ந்த நெல்லி'யென்று பெயர் வைத்துள்ளேன். அந் நெல்லி நிழலே எனது படிப்பிடம். காலை ப தி னொரு மணிக்கெல்லாம் யான் அவ்விடத்திலி ருந் து 'இலத் தின்' பாடையோடு போர்புரிவேன். வெற்றிபெறா திருக்குஞ் சந்தர்ப்பங்களுஞ் சில வேளை களிலேற்படும். அந்நெல்லிமாநிழல் 'சாந்தி நிகேதனிலுள்ள வரகவியின் பள்ளிக்கூடத்தை எனக்கு ஞாபகமாக்கின் றது. ஆங்கு இயற்கை யையே படிப்பார்கள். ஒரு தா மரை விரிந்தால் அதனைக் கவனித்துவிட்டு அதன் விரிவிற்குக் காரணமென்னவென்று ஆராய்வார்கள், ஆராய்ச் சிக்குப் பல் வைத்துக்கோடல்களை யா தாரமாகக் கொள்வார்கள். நீரதன் காரண மா? இல்லை. ஏன்? தாமரை நீரில்லாதபோழ் தும் விரிகின்றது. அன்று யான் பாட்டிக்குப் பறித்து வந்தவொரு தாமரை நீரில்லாத போழ்தும் விரிந்த து. வண்டு அதன் காரண மா? ஏப்படி? வண்டு தாமரையி னிதழ்களைத் துளைக்கின்றது அதனால் அஃது காலையில் விரிகின்றது! வைத்கோடல்பிழை! வண்டு மாலையிலும் தாமரையினி தழ்களைத் துளைக்கின்றது. மாலையில் துளைத்தவண்டையே அஃது தன்னுள் அடக்கிக் குவிகின்றது. அப் பொழுது தாமரை காலையில் விரிவதன் காரண மென்னை? தருக்கமுறைப்படி ஆராய்ச்சி செய் வோம்.
தாமரை விரிவ து ஓர் தோற்றம் (Phenomenon) இதற்கு என்ன காரணமென்பதே பிர

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திஞ்ஞை (Proposition) பேராசிரியர் 'Mil1' ஒரு கட்டளை பிறட்பித் திருக்கின்றார். அதனால் காரண காரியங்களை அளவிடலாம். அதற்குப் பெயர் 'வேற்றுமை முறை' (Method of Diffcrence) அதனை இத்தோற்றத் திற்கு உபயோகிப் போம். "ஆராயப்படுகின்ற தோற்றத்தின் ஒரு உதாகரணத் திலேயுள்ள அயற்சார்புகளில், ஒன்றே யொன்று அஃது நிகழப்பெறாத வேறொரு தோற் றத் தில் காணப்படுமாயின், விகற்பமான இவ் வயற்சார்பே, இத்தோற்றத்தின் காரியம், அல் லது காரணம், அல்லது அதற்கு இன்றியமையாத அங்கமாம்.'' ஈண்டு ஆராயப்படுகின்ற தோற்றம் 'தா மரையின் விரிவு.' அயற்சார்புகளும், வைத் துக்கோடல்களும்:- (1) வண்டு, (2) நீர், (3) குளம், (4) காலம். இவ்வய ற்சார்புகள் எல்லாம் ஒத் திருக்க (எப்படி?) தாமரை யரும்பாயிருக் கும் பொழுது 'வண்டு தா மரையைச் சுற்றித் திரி தலாகிய' அயற்சார்பு வேறு படவில்லை. அப் படியே நீர் முதலியன. ஒரு அயற்சார்பு மாத் திரம், வேறு படுகின் றது , தாமரைவிரிய இருள் | தொலைகின் றது ஏன்? அப்பொழுது சூரியன் உதயமாகின் றது. எனவே வேறு படுகின்ற சூரிய உதயமாகிய அயற்சார் பே தா மரையின் மலர்ச்சிக்குக் காரணம். இவ்வாறு சாந்திநிகே தத் தில் இயற்கையாராய்ச்சி நடக்கின் றது. இவ் வுண்மையையே தமிழ்ப் புலவர்களும் 'காலைவிரி யுந் தா மரையே' என்று கூறிப்போந் தனர். பாருங்கள்! தமிழ்ப்புலவர் வாக்கெல்லாந் தருக் கசம்பந்தமானவை! இவ்வுண்மையைக் கழிந்த விடுதலை நாட்களில் யான் சாந்திநிகேதனப் பிர யாணத்தால் கண்டுபிடித்தேன்.
விடுதலை நாட்களில் மாலைப்பொழுதையோர் அரிய நூல் நிலையத்தில் கழித்தேன். எம்மூரியற் றிய செல்வமாக உள்ள து 'சரஸ்வதி நூல்நிலை யம்'. அந்நிலையத் தின் வெளித்தோற்றமே காண் பவர் மனதைக் கவரும். வடகிழக்கு வாயிலை யடைந்தவுடன் நறுமணம் மூக்கைப் பிடுங்கும். வாயில் கழிந்து உள்ளே சென்றால் இருபது முழ தூ ரத் திற்கெல்லாம் சிறந்த பூமரங்களாலாய தோட்டங் காணப்படும். தோட்டத் து மத்தியி லோர் கிண று. அப்பாலுள்ளதே நூல் நிலையம். இந்நிலையத் திலில்லாத (ஆங்கிலப் பத்திரிகைகளா வன, அன்றித் தமிழ்ப்பத் திரிகைகனாவன உல கத் தில் இல்லையென்றே சொல்லலாம். அரிய தமிழ் நூல்களு மிருக்கின் றன. கல்லூரி மாண வர்கள் இங்கேயே பகல் முழுவதையுங் கழிப்பர். ஆயின் யான் மாலைப் பொழுதையே கழித்து வந் தேன்.
விடுதலை நாட்களில் ஒரு வாரம் கொழும்புமா நகரில் தங்கினேன். ஆங்குள்ள ஆகாயவசனி |

H HINDU
ைெலயத்தை நினைக்கும்பொழுது விஞ்ஞானத்தி அற்புதங்களையுஞ் சிந்திக்கவேண்டி யிருக்கின் ஐது. பண்டைக்காலப் புராணங்களில் 'அசரீரி' இருந்ததென்று வாசித்துள்ளேன். ஆனாலின்று தானதை உன்மையென நம்பினேன். எனெனின் இரண்டிற்குமுள்ள அற்ப வேறு பாட்டினாலென்ப. ஆங்குள்ள கடற்கரையையும், யாழ்ப்பாணத்தி லுள்ள கடற்கரையையு மொப்பிடின், இம்மியும் மலையும் போலாகின்றது.
எ ள து ஞாபகம் உண்மையோ வறியேன், கழிந்த விடுதலை நாட்களுள், ஒரு சனிக்கிழமை மாலை, யாழ்ப்பாண மிந் துக் கல்லூரிக்குப் போக வேண்டிய சந்தர்ப்ப மேற்பட்டது. இந்து சாதனப் பொன்விழா வின் நிதிப்பொருட்டு அன்று பிற்பகல், சங்கீதக் களியாட்டமொன்று கடத்தப்பட்டது. அரிய கண்கவர் காட்சிகளு -ன், இசைவிருந் துங் கலந் தளிக்கப்பட்டது. இச்சங் கீதக் களியாட்டம், கல்வி வாரத்தில் கடத்தப்பட்ட களியாட்டத் திலும் பார்க்கச் சிறந்ததென்றே கூறலாம். - அ துநிற்க, விடுதலை முடிவில ன் று, என து புத்தகங்களை யடுக்குவதிலேயே முய சியாயிருந் தேன். அப்பொழுது நேரம் பதினொரு மணி. கொட்டிலிலிருந்த பாட்டி, தன து மூக்குக் கண் ணாடியையு மெடுத்து, மிகவும் பிரயாசப்பட்டு மூக்கில் மாட்டிவிட்டு யானிருந்த விடத்தைத் தேடி யோடிவந் தாள். "'என்னை?..... மணி! பள்ளிக்கூடம்?!...... என்னை? வகை வகையான 3 றங்களில் பத்திரிகைகள் வைத் திருக்கின்றாய், இவைகளை ஒரே நிறத்தில் அச்சிடுவித்தல் கூடாதா? இதற்குப் பெயரென்னை? சிறிது நேரம் பார்க்கலாமா?'' என்று சிறு புன்னகை புடன் கேட்டாள். ''பாட்டி! இது தான் 'Young Hindu' என்னுமிதழ் எ னது கல்லூரி மாணவர் 5ளே இதன் ஆசிரியர்கள்'' என்று பதிலளிக்கு முன் பாட்டி கழிந்த தவணையில் கடைசியாய் வெளிவந்த இதழையெடுத்து வாசிக்கத் தொடங் பினாள். '' 'Character is Man' By T. S. S. ல்லது. மணீ! தமிழிலும் உங்கள் கல்லூரி மாண வர் கட்டுரை யெழுதுகின் றனரா? நல்லது. 'என் 'ண்பனின் முத்துமாலை' 'தீராத விளையாட்டுப் பிள்ளை'_'கோகிலம்' 'Our Pepys' 'Diary' -நல்ல பகடிகள்!'' என் று இவ்வாறு வாசித்த பாட்டி இருந்தாப்போல் ஒரு இகழ்ச்சிச் சிரிப்புச் ரிக்கத் தொடங்கிவிட்டாள். எனக்குக் கோபம் இறந்து விட்டது. "'இப்படியெங்கள் இதழைப் கடி பண்ணலாமா'' என்று சினந்து கேட் 'டன். ''மணீ! 'ஆறுவது சினம்,' 'A Word ) our Logicians' என்றொரு கட்டுரையிருக்

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கின்றது பார்த்தனையா?'' என்றாள். எனக்கு மனங்கலங்கி விட்டது. Young Hindu வெளி யானவன்றே பாராத யான் எப்படி இப்போ பார்த் திருப்பேன்? பாட்டி மடக்கிவிடப் போறாளே என்று பயந்து மெல்லிய குரலில் இல்லையென்றேன். "சரி! 'Candidus' என் ற மாணவனைத் தெரியுமா?'' என்றாள். யான் விழிக்கத் தொடங்கிவிட்டேன். தெரியாவிட் டாலும் பாசாங்கு செய்வோம் என்று நினைத்து 'ஆம்! பாட்டி! அவன் ஒரு தருக்க மாணவன், ஒரு பிரபல வைத்தியனாயுமிருத்தல் வேண்டும்! அஃது மன்றி யவனோர் கனந் தங்கிய மனுஷன்' என்றேன். உடனே பாட்டி மூக்குக் கண்ணடி யைக் கழற்றிவிட்டு ஆங்கிலத்தில் பேசத் தொடங்கிவிட்டாள். "He says that proper naines have connotation, but ...111. after studying-TVelton, mellone, Roy and Jevon's have come to a conclusion that proper names have no connotation அது சரி தானா? மணீ!'' என்றாள். எனக்குக் குறு வேர்வையோடத் தொடங்கியது. ''பாட்டி! யான் தருக்கத்தில் வல்லவனல்லன்; எனக்கு விளங்கவில்லை, ஒரு கால் அஃதினை விளங்கப் படுத்து என்று தயவாகக் கேட்டேன். ''மகனே! அந்தக் candidus என்ற கற்பனைக்குத் தருக்கம் தெரியாது போலிருக்கின்றது! அஃதாவ து உதா ரண மாக ஒரு கப்பலுக்கு 'Eliza' என்று பெயர்! 'Eliza' என்றது ஒரு தனிப் பெயர் (proper name) அஃது அக்கப்பலைக் குறிக்கின்றது. அது வன்றி வேறொன்றுஞ் செய்கின் றதில்லை'' என்று சிறி து சொல்லிவிட்டுப் பின்னுமாங்கிலத் தில் பேசத் தொடங்கிவிட்டாள். ''மணீ! of courss to anybody who knows the vessel and its name the ‘Eliza’ will convey just as much meaning as the rather lengthy term we used before. But we have seen what a word means to you or me is not its connotation. That is the meaning which can be expressed in a definition Do you see மணீ ! But a proper name is only a convenient verbal label, and means no more than does a label on a portmanteau It no more implies the characteristics o persons, place, animal, or things. மணீ இதுதான் சரியான கொள்கை!'' என்று தன் பிம் சங்கத்தை முடித்தாள் பாட்டி! எனக்கு இல் தெல்லாஞ் சிதம்பரசக்கரம்! இவ்வாறு விடுதலை யுங் கழிந்த து! (இவ்வாறு மணி கூறிவிட்டு 'பசு' வண்டியிலிருந்து பெருமூச்சுவிட்டான் ''அஃதென்ன துக்கம்'' என்றேன் இல்லை நன்

NG HINDU
| uCo!
CET Soor ......&L19. al......LL 5!! (என்று கூறவே 'பசு' ஓட்டுமடச் சந்தியில் நின் PG. 'Goodbye' or cór ÓWG 4 $ $ in G4 LLL. 5. மணியைக் காணேன்.)
Our Pepys' Diary
18--9-39. College and Boarding reopen. Master X forgets his time-table.
20-9-39. Mr. V. N. addresses the Senior Lyceum. Speaks on the present European War. Masters A & B vehemently "pledge their loyalty to the King and Empire,” while our "Mussolini" brings peace proposals.
22—9-39. J. H. C. Football Team is "at war" | with Manipay Hindu College Football.
J. H. C. emerges victorious scoring
| (4-0)
25-9-39. | Mr. V. Kandiah, Lecturer, University
College, speaks in the Y. M. H. A. on "Our | attitude towards religion". The President and Secretary declare it "a thought - provoking lecture"
27—9-39. Our "Doctor" "hits" a telegram to his father. Pity! he received a "thrashing".
A “prospective gent” likely to be ticket|ed to the matrimonial market asserts to a coterie of friends that Hitler outlined all his actions in his book "Non-de-Camp".
Ain’t this marvellous?
28-9-39. Mr. V. Kandiah lectures in the PreMatric Lyceum. Some Matricians in| trude. But their "invasion" is success
fully repulsed by the Principal.

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THE YOUN
To be Prepared for War, is |
the most Effectual means of Preserving Peace
BY T. S. S., Matric A. This could be understood in no better time than now, when might is right, when tanks, aeroplanes, bombs and submarines have displaced the olden calvalry and their sword-fight. America and Italy, for example, being fully armed, are enjoying an unruffled peace, much to be envied by by the tangled nations, Poland, being deficient in arms, fell an easy victim to Hitler, and now finds itself all of a sudden transformed into a chaos.
It was when this was realised that the League of Nations was dissolved. It, as a body, was meant to preserve international peace by disarmament methods. But soon they found that the countries having many colonies must somehow or other defend themselves. Thus all nations prepared for war, this being the only way to preserve peace.
Prevention is better than cure. A man of brawny arms has no bullies, becauce the one who bullies knows that he dare not bully him. The weak person is attacked, for the opponent takes advantage of his frailty. So the strong iman does not build his body, so that he may box every street-goer's ears. No. Even so, to prepare for war is not to attack all nations, but to see that all the rest do not attack him. If Ceylon would have stored some rice, and other food products for an emergency, now it would stand proof against all profiteering. Similarly a nation that is well armed needs to fear no colours.
Some believe that arms will necessarily lead to war, and must. Else they will rust being not put to use, bringing losses to the countries in millions and millions of pounds. But such a state will not result if all nations are contented, While if they try to contend, or grow ambitious they must be punished for it; no amount of negotiations and appeals will be of any |

G HINDU
ase. For such nations to be chastised Elhe others must be fully armed. Hence
t is evident that the best me hod of preserving peace is to be prepared for
Nar.
In Defence of the
Dunce BY "CATCH-AND-DRAW", Matric B.
That holy terror of irritated teachers, that despair of fond parents we call the dunce, is a perplexing phenomeon. Not all the combined efforts of parents and teachers can efface him from the scholastic scene. For he bears the mark of eternity on his brow.
The dunce is not only a perplexing but an iteresting phenomenon. It is not
merely that he boasts of a unique physiological aberration-a thick skull. He represents a lifeless reaction against a dull education. For on sultry afternoons when teachers become boring, he begins to nod, or immerse himself in a volume of Edgar \Wallace or in an ஆனந்தவிகடன் and thus creates what is called a scene, mericfully to free others from the thralldoim of boredom. There are also inspired occasions when the dunce exhibits a worthicr impulse. It is unimaginatively called playing the truant. In reality the dunce longs to leave the stifling atmosphere and derive as much pleasure as Hazlitt from going on a journey. On such occasions he gives full play to his sportive instincts and transforms himself from an pstensibly dull-witted school-boy into a radiant youth with sparkling spirits. It is in such moments, in the full consciousness pf his powers that the dunce feels a sense pf kinship with the great dunces of history'. The names of such famous men as Sir Walter Scott, Oliver Goldsmith, Charles Darwin, and even Hitler flash 1cross his mind, He recalls the shallow Ferdict of these men by their school nasters, then dreamily flirts with the idea of a great future before him, and pities he unimaginative parents and teachers vho pity him,

Page 10
1
Why make these
Years of
H u m a nit
ASST.
/NHEsa vagery of remote man, the
barbarity of the semi-civilized communities, the atrocities, martyrdoms, and tortures of the Christian Era are succeeded in this "enlightened twentieth century" by horrors infinitely more appalling in the organised madness of "machine-made world-wide-slaughter". Actually man has produced by his machines and high explosives cataclysmic conditions which were once regarded as the prerogatives of an angry God.
Modern Warfare is a blot upon the mass-Soul of Humanity-a monstrous blot, already largely wiped away with blood and tears. There are many still being sacrificed to the "cleansing process" and many who have spent their sad lives grieving over the loss of those so dear to them; expiating the evil which in ages past, in existence past, they grievously and abominably wrought.
Man is ambitious--that is not new. Man has ever been ambitious, but so frequently his ambition has been misplaced and has led him to disaster. The ambition of the Stone Age man with his crude weapons was less dangerous than is the twentieth century Dictator's with his "Death Machines” and Poison Gas. There is however a striking similarity.. The primitive Stone Age man prostituted his fruitful growing tree for the purpose of making clubs by which he could "blow out" the brains of his brother; the twentieth century man prostitutes his amazing scientific achievement to the

Years of Grace Disgrace?
y To-da y
EDITOR
- destruction of his own State of Life—of
his astounding potential civilisation.
It is a regrettable fact that there are still those important Nations which, though living in this enlightened era and really should and do know better, still in their greed are blinded to the Truth of Life and still seek and provoke war. The Truth of Life is becoming more and more subsconsciously acknowledged, but it is regrettable that there are still so many important Nations and individuals who
have the lust of greed and who desire to impose their unholy will upon their
weaker brothers though living in this enlightened age; enlightened by horror and terror as exemplified by war, they still seek and engender war.
“Rome was not built in a day” but even the most self-aggrandised city of this era can be destroyed in a day. The flaunting tyrant has merely to order the construction of sufficient 'planes for the purpose. Yet we must have patience; the world is young. But to fall into error, llespecially deliberate error, must know retribution.
The horror and terror in which so many human beings are spending their lives in this year of grace, is indeed a disgrace to civilisation. What should be years of grace are years of disgrace. * There will be a repetition of 1914 1918. A new World War there will be. A World War of to-day with the unlimit
(Continued on page 12 )

Page 11
THE YOUNI
ACTING EDITOR:
M. SIVATHASAN,
MATRIC A.
HAIATHIANIRIHHIRITHIHIIFIRIHIITHIHITIEIIHHHHHHHHHHIK
THE YOUNG HINDU
Wednesday, October 4th. 1939.
EDITORIAL NOTES
WE HAVE COME BACK TO COLLEGE after the August Vacation to face serious problems before us. The students of the J. S. C. are showing marked attention to their lessons as their ambitions is drawing near. So are their brothers in the Matric. forms, in spite of their fear (or hope ?) that their examination may be postponed sine
die.
We thank Messrs. Ludowyk and Kandiah of the University College for having given us entertaining lectures in the Inter-Union, the Y. M. H. A. and the Pre-Matric Lyceum.
Our football team turns up for daily practice, and it is hoped that once again it will be our good fortune to win the Championship.
Low College Examination
Results. Advocates' Final
NEW RULES
Class I. Honours Nagenthiran Nadarasa Suppiah Saravanamuttu
OLD RULES Visuvalingam Marakandapillai CumaraSwamy
Veluppillai Kandiah Kandasamy Advocates' First
OLD RULES M. Sinnathamby Saravanamuttu

HINDU
dvocates' Second
OLD RULES Ponniah Ragupathy roctors' Final
NEW RULES
Class II. Pass Ambalawanar Arulambalam Chinniah Arulampalam Chelliah Mudliyar Tharmalingam
OLD RULES Thambimuttu Balasingam Saravanamuttu Selvarajah roctors' Admission
NEW RULES
Class II. Pass Vythialingam Sivasubramaniam Asaipillai Thanabalasingham
First Admission
OLD RULES Arulampalam Amirthalingam Arthur Joseph Devanayagam Nevins Selvadurai Armogaum Theruganasothy Dur congratulations to the above.
IN MEMORIAM
To "M. K.), Matric A. Knew he to bat, and bowl and
wicket keep, And now I see, to set us all to weep; Rose he at school to jump the Matric
Mount, The one which makes us days and
nights count; He left with us no copy, for sure he was, In haste, in mighty haste, to make
fortunes; God speeds him most, if lover be his host Enjoy his triumph, for sure I do not
boast. Soon may we wonder, how with speed
of thunder Ushered before his presence, with doors
all asunder.
CONGRATULATIONS To Mr. T. Navaratnarajah on his irriage, which took place during the
lidays.

Page 12
THE YO "Guilty of Being a
Boy" M. S. THASAN, Matric A. With shaking hands wiping from
eyes the tea His face petrifying with fear, Stood a lad in a Court room to-da Preparing the Law's toll to pay. "Disturbing the peace" was his offen
1heinot He quailed 'neath the cold glare of
capt "Fire works, Judge", the patrol m
explain "Them off in a room he fired" The Magistrate frowned on the wo
begone ki And opened his mouth to indict, Lo, then! all sterness out of his ey
wei As his mind back to childhood to
flig) The boy once again he touched
- with a smi A wild pyrotechnie display, But the smile disappeared from tl
old Judge's fa As the memory faded away! "Harrump!" growled the Judge “a serio
crime And one which you know must anno You have no excuse? Then you'
guilty my lad You're guilty of being a boy.'
THE JAFFNA HINDU COLLEGI
SONG
தரு இந்துக்கல் லூரி இந்துக்கல் லூரி
யாழ்ப்பா ணத்த மர் இந்துக்கல் லூ ரீ! இந்துச் சடைமுடி இறைவன் னருள் சேர் QË 51 È Ei yr aflög Cy! Cy! Ca!
கண்ணிகள் 1 சிவனொளி பா தங் கதிர்கா மங்கே
தீச்சரங் கோணா சலநகு லேசம் பவமொழி மாணிக்க மாவலி கங்கைப்
பதிந தி ஒங்குமெம் ஈழநன் னாட்டு- இந்து

UNG HINDU
2 ம் .2 5 6 7 ல் d
CS
|2 உலகம் திக்குமொ ருத்தம வீரன்
உயர்மனு நீதியெல் லாளம கீபன் அலகில்க லைத்தமிழ் ஆக்கிய நீதன்
ஆம்பர ராசசிங் காரியர் நாட்டு- இந்துக் 3 பழந்தமிழ் வீரர் தம் வழிவழி வந்தோம்
பாரினி லேயுயர் புகழினை வைப்போம் இளந் தமிழ் வீரராய் யாமுயர் வெய்த
ஏற்றசன் மார்க்கச காயம் ளிக்கும் - இந்துக் 4 சத்தியமே யுயிர் சத்திய மேய றம்
சத்திய மேபொரு ளின் பமு மென்றே இத் திற மேநெஞ்சு ரத் துட னேகொடி
ஏந் திமுன் னே அனை யேந டப்போம்- இந்து 5 எத்திசை யேகினும் யாமுனை மறவோம்
எம்மா லொருபழி உனையெய்த ஒட்டோம் பத் தியு நேயமும் பொதுநலம் பேணும்
பண் பும் ஈந்தருள் வாழிய! அன்னே!- இந்து
The Underlying Sentiments of the Song CHORUS: Hail ! and Prosperity to the
at
Jaffna Hindu College, by the Grace of the Mo011-crested A!-
1mighty Siva. 1. Reminding the ancient glory and natural resources of Eelam, our country.
2. Reminding the past glorious sovene reign position of the Tamils in Ceylon.
3. Inheritors of ancient greatness and culture, we will make our mark in the us
world, deriving the necessary (mental, moral, etc.) equipment from our Hindu College - 4. Truth is life, virtue, riches and happiness. With this unswerving conviction in our heart we march forward, O Mother H. C. with the banner of Truth held aloft.
5. We shall never forget our Mother wherever we wander. We shall never bring a stain on her, through our conduct (i. e, we shall always strive to be your worthy sons) Granting us. Devotion, Love, and true public spirit, Long Live thou O Mother. A suggestio11-- While singing the கண்ணிகள், at the end of each கண்ணி it may be enough to repeat the first and the fourth lines only of
the Chor us. A11 the 4 lines may be sung "க் | at the beginning and at the end.
\e
Ce

Page 13
A War Diary, from Mai
GERMANY invaded Poland ration of war. Britain and France d fortnight later Russian troops invaded of events for the preceding six mont
| Ga
ha
tu
PI
ne
rig
no
MARCH 15.-Germany annexes Bohe-| T. mia and Moravia. President Hacha, invited to Berlin, has spent the whole night conferring with von Ribbentrop and at last has signed under threats the agree
an ment under which the two provinces accept German protection."
| MARCH 16.-Germany takes Slovakia under her "protection." Hungary establishes a common frontier with Poland by C incorporating Ruthenia.
MARCH 17.- Sir Nevile Henderson, British Ambassador in Berlin, recalled to F1 report. The Prime Minister speakas at Birmingham, announcing the end of the Munich policy and warning the German Chancellor that any attempt to dominate the world by force will be resisted by Great Britain to the utmost of her power.
Sweeping German economic demands on Rumania are reported.
MARCH 18.—Russia proposes a conference among interested powers.
Po | MARCH 19.— Protests to Germany
po from Great Britain. France, and Russia.
French Prime Minister given plenary | tle powers.
MARCH 21.-French President's visit to London. Joint French-Soviet-PolishBritish statement suggested.
Lithuania cedes Memel to Germany. I lia
MARCH.--22. Fascist Grand Council affirms Italy's adhesion to the Axis.
tai MARCH 23.--- British Trade Mission to Moscow; Mr. Hudson sees M. Litvinoff.
on 5 MARCH 26. The Duce speaks: "A long period of peace is necessary for the Ea
development of Europe civilization." He makes certain vague claims on France.
his
th
spe

-ch 15--September 3
on September 1, without a declaeclared war on September 3. A
Poland. Now read this diary hs:
he First Sign
MARCH 28.--German Foreign Office azette warns Poland of the consequences
"anti-Gerınan. agitation." German ti-Polish Press campaign begins. At about this time Hitler is known to ve made his "generous offer" to Poland -a new guarantee of her frontiers in rern for Danzig and a route over the Drridor.
MARCH 29.-M. Daladier, the French -iine Minister, replies to Mussolini. Fance, he says, is ready for all reasonable gotiations; but will yield none of her
hts,
MARCH 31.--Mr. Chamberlain anunces in Parliament that “ in the event any action which clearly threatened blish independence, and which the Polish overnment accordingly considered it tal to resist with their national forces, ; Majesty's Government would feel emselves bound at once to lend the blish Government all support in their
wer. ')
Slovak-Hungarian border disputes set
!d.
APRIL 2.-- Hitler makes an angry pech at Wilhelmshaven. APRIL 3 -- Colonel Beck in London.
ily Takes Albania APRIL 7.–Italy seizes Albania. Brin and Poland exchange mutual pledges APRIL 9.--The Pope's (Easter homily
the lost value of pledges. APRIL 10.--British Cabinet meets on Ister Monday; Parliment recalled. APRIL 13.- British guarantees to
(Continued on page 14)

Page 14
12
THE YOU Why make these Years of Grace Years of Disgrace ?
(Continued from page 8) ed production of "death-dealing machines and explosives" will sink that previous holocaust into comparative insignificance Such a war will throw man back again into primeval conditions from which he will require of himself the long painful struggle back to the mighty potentialities of his present State. This may require as it has in the past a thousand ages and it would require continuous recurrent, cataclysmie upheavals of nature in the process.
“Why does God allow such a horrible thing as war?" is an oft-repeated question.
Why put the responsibility for man's self-outrage upon an abstract unknown Being. Such agony of Body and Mind and Soul, as even war is, is not undeserved.
Man seeks and receives any punishment, any reward to which he is entitled. Traced to its cause and source it is always self-inflicted and self-merited.
1914-1918 showed the capacity of men to suffer and to rise bloody but unbowed. Preceding these ghastly years was a period of unprecedented greed and oppression, of abominable class distinction, of unfair distribution of material needs and of the exploitation of the masses.
Man's eternal brotherhood was unmistakably shown in those terrible years (1914-1918). Never was such selflessness exemplified, Who is not familiar with the pictures of cigarettes offered to the fallen? A gunner said that he witnessed the giving of an overcoat by a 'Tornmy' to a dying enemy lying in the blood - stained snow. He witnessed the incredulous look in the dying eyes. He saw the incredulity melt with a strange peacefulness to understanding as the eyelids closed over the unseeing eyes.
The bloody mess of another World War would encompass man's undoings. With

NG HINDU
his present facilities (unprecedented in man's present knowledge) for waging war, he could lay waste all civilisation—he could indeed obliterate them. Horrible as were the years of 194--1918 they would be insignificant in comparison with those of a future world IVar. The engines of destructions of those days were as toys compared with those of to-day. The poison gas of that war was almost innocuous in comparison with that of to. day. The mere personal, individual bestiality of man against man would be as nought compared with such an organised machine-made holocaust as that would be, involving as it would, every section of humanity whether combatant or noncombatant.
Wherever suffering is inflicted upon an unoffending, non-aggressive nation the inevitable sequence is retribution. Such abominable aggression should be resisted and suppressed, if needs must be, by the very violence which it would inflict-- whether or not the aggression is servile, weak and error-ridden-whether or not the aggression is made under the pretext of patriotism and under threats of punishment. They who inflict sufferings under threats of punishment for cowardice are equally guilty as those who incite a nation under the glamour of bravery and patriotism, to inflict murder and destruction upon another unoffending Nation.
Gentle reader, in these days, in a world of high tension and disorder, in a world where a stable civilisation is actually threatened, every peace-loving country las adequate self-defence. In England and freedom-loving France any speech by President Roosevelt is now big news. The two peoples scan his words as carefully as those of any of their political leader. All look for the same thing. They look for signs, of a real change in American foreign policy. They search for evidence that isolation is a waning | faith, and that America is moving to

Page 15
THE YOUN
wards effective and practical co-opera- | tion with two big democracies of Europe. They strain their eyes for the signs as anxiously as a beleaguered garrison searches the horizon for signs of the relieving ( forces. And just because they long so ardently to believe that help is coming, so all the time they run the risk of seeing what is in truth not there, of believing what they want to believe.
It is in the face of these unbridled forces that humanity stands today in deadly danger.
OR
3- 1
Results of Inter-House Football Tournaments,
1939
Junior 1. Sabapathy vs. Pasupathy
Pasupathy won 4- nil 2. Selvadurai vs. Cassipillai
Cassipillai , 5- nil 3. Nagalingam vs. Sabapathy
Nagalingam , 9- nil 4. Pasupathy vs. Cassipsllai
* Cassipillai , 4. 5. Selvadurai vs. Naglingam
Nagalingam » 6. Casipillai vs. Sabapathy.
| Cassipillai , 10. O 7. Selvadurai vs. Pasupathy
Pasupathy » 3- 1 8. Casipillai vs. Nagalingam
Cassipillai , 1- 0 | 9. Pasupathy vs. Nagalingam
Nagalingain , 3- 1 10. Selvadurai vs. Sabapathy
* Selvadurai ,, 2- 0 Cassipillai Housc thus wins theo Junior Football Championship.
Senior 1. Nagalingam vs. Cassipillai
Nagalingam won 2- 0 2. Sabapathy vs. Pasupathy
Sabapathy „ 8- 0 3. Selvadurai vs. Cassipillai
Cassipillai ,, 4. 1 IT
AY

G HINDU
13
1. Nagalingam vs. Pasupathy
Nagalingam ,,
4. O 5. Sa bapathy vs. Selvadurai
Sabapa thy
8- 1 5. Nagalingam vs. Sabapathy
Saba pathy ,
3- 1 P. Sabapathy vs. Cassipillai
Sabapathy , 2- 1 3. Cassipillai r's. Pasupathy
- Casipiilai ,,
4. 1 9. Selvadurai vs. Pasupathy
Selvadurai ,, 3- 1 -0. Na galingam vs. Selvadurai
Walk-over to Nagalingam. Sabapathy House thus become Senior Tootball Cba mpions. Dur congratulations to the Champions.
OUR EX-EDITOR Mast. P. Kathiraveloe, who has been sur Editor since the birth of “The Young
Iindu" except for a short interval, has ow ceased to be Editor as a result of his etting through the London Matriculation Cxamination. We are very glad of his uccess, but we must confess that, in a elfish way, we are sorry too that, as a reult of his success, he ceases to be Editor f our paper. We, however, hope that he as not entirely severed his connection rith us and with help us with hints and iggestions. On our part, we shall try ur best to conduct the paper on the rise and liberal lines laid down by Mas. lathiraveloe.
J. S. C. Examination,
June, 1939. ur Congratulations to the following:-
K. Elangkairajan
W. Gnanananthan M. Kanapathipillai R. R. Nalliah R. SenathiRajah V. Sinniah R. Thuraichchamy. he best results in Jaffna.

Page 16
14
THE YOι
A War Diary, from Merch 15
September 3 (Continued from page 11)
Greece and Rumania announced in Parliament.
APRIL 14.-First British exchanges with Russia.
APRIL 16—President Roosevelt asks Hitler and Mussolini for a 10-years' assurance that they will not attack independent nations.
APRIL 17.-U. S. Fleet concentrated in the Pacific.
APRIL 21.--Polish Ambassador in Berlin' returns to Warsaw.
APRIL 24.-Sir Nevile Henderson returns to Berlin.
The British Militia
APRIL 27.- Conscription introduced in Great Britain.
APRIL 18.–Hitler in the Reichstag denounces the Anglo-German Naval Agreement and the Treaty of Non-Aggression
with Poland.
MAY 2.--German non-aggression offer to Northern States.
MAY 3.-M. Litvinoff resigns. MAY 5.-Colonel Beck replies to Hitler.
Poland willing to join in conversations with Germany if she were prepared to proceed by peaceable methods.
MAY 7.-Political and military pact signed by Ciano and Ribbentrop at Rome "May 12.--Speeches by the Prime Ministers of Great Britain and France; the two countries' resolve.
British defensive agreement with Turkey.
MAY 15.--Hitler tours the western fortifications.
MAY 16.--Von Papen recalled froin Turkey.
MAY 18.–Northern States reply to Germany; Denmark alone accepts,

NG HINDU
| Italo-German Pact
MAY 22.- Italo-German pact signed in Berlin.
MAY 26.--Final draft of British pros osals sent to Moscow.
MAY 31.-M. Molotoff addresses the Soviet Parliament; an ambiguous speech.
IUNE 2.--Prince Paul in Berlin; Hit. ler gives an assurance to Yugoslavia.
JUNE 7.—German non-aggression pacts with Latvia and Estonia signed.
JUNE 13.- Mr. Strang arrives in Mo. scow to assist the Anglo-Russian negotiations.
JUNE 23. --France and Turkey sign defence pact.
JUNE 28.--First serious news of military preparations in Danzig. British memorandum to Germany on the denunciation of the Naval Treaty.
The Du:1 Policy
JUNE 29.--Lord Halifax's speech at Chatham House--the dual policy.
Polish festival at Gdynia; President on the importance of the Corridor.
JULY 1.--British Labour appeal to German people.
President Roosevelt defeated on Neutrality legislation.
JULY 6.–Increased British credits for guaranteed Powers.
JULY 10.—Mr. Chamberlain in Parliament reaffirms British pledge to Poland. - JULY 21.-Official statement in Germany: "We reject 100 percent. the idea of a warlike solution to the Danzig problem." | JULY 25.- Proposal to send British and French military missions to Russia.
AUGEST 3.-Customs friction in Danzig becomes acute.
AUGUST 4-Parliament rises, with the Prime Minister's promise that it would be recalled if any change of policy was found necessary.

Page 17
THE YOU
AUGUST 5 — British and French military missions lea ve for Moscow. L. | AUGUST 6.–Rally of Polish Legionaries at Cracow.
AUGUST 10.- Herr Forster addresses anti-Polish demonstrations at Danzig.
Salzburg Talks
AUGUST 11.—British and French military missions arrive in Moscow.
Axis talks at Salzburg.
AUGUST 13.–Hitler sees Ciano and the League Danzig Commissioner at Berchtesgaden. Alarm in Hungary.
AUGUST 13.--Hitler sees Ciano and the League Danzig Commissioner at Berchtesgaden. Alarm in Hungary.
AUGUST 16.-German Press now calls for annexation of the Corridor.
AUGUST 17.--Vatican peace moves reported.
AUGUST 18.–Outburst of a fullblooded German Press campaign against Poland. German troops sent to Slovakia Hungarian Foreign Minister visits Rome.
AUGUST 19.--Pope's appeal for the preservation of world peace.
*
The Russian Pact
AUGUST 21.--Mr. Chamberlain returns to London.
German-Russian non-aggression pact announced. Final German military preparations begin.
AUGUST 22.–British Cabinet decide that a German-Soviet pact of non-aggression would "in no way affect our obligations to Poland.
AUGUST 23.–Von Ribbentrop signs the Pact in Moscow. British Government send message to Hitler reaffirming their determination to stand by Poland.
President Roosevelt apeals for Italian efforts to save peace, and gets a sympathetic reply from King Victor Emmanuel. King Leopold appeals for peace on behalf

TG HINDU
15
of the Oslo powers, and the move is welcomed by the anti-aggression nations.
AUGUST 24,-Herr Forster proclaims himself Head of the State of Danzig. Parliament meets to pass Emergency Act. President Roosevelt appeals to Germany and Poland to submit their dispute to peaceful negotiation; Poland accepts. The Pope makes an appeal for peace. Lord Halifax addresses the British nation by wireless upon its duties in the emergency:
AUGUST 25.-Japan adopts new foresign policy, virtually breaking from the Anti-Comintern Pact. There are increasing signs of a prospective Hungarian and Spanish neutrality. Turkey affirms her loyalty to the Peace Front.
Hitler gives Sir Nevile Henderson a Written communication, emphasizing his demands on Poland and dwelling on the prospects of Anglo-German co-operation. A similar message is given to the French Ambassador.
AUGUST 26.–British Government meeting attended by Sir Nevile Henderson, who had flown from Berlin during the morning. The French answer to Hitler is published; France stands by Poland.
AUGUST 27.—Another British Cabinet meeting. The King of the Belgians and the Queen of Holland offer their "good offices" for peace.
AUGUST 28.-Yet another Cabinet meeting, after which Sir Nevile Henderson flies to Berlin and gives Hitler the British reply, again, re-affirming our pledge to Poland and suggesting that in happier times nothing need stand in the way of Anglo-German understanding. Hitler's verbal reply is later received in London.
Full Dutch mobilization. Fall of the Japanese Cabinet. National Unity
AUGUST 29.--Parliament meets to hear the Prime Minister's report and to reaffirm the national unity.

Page 18
16
THE YOι
Hitler sends back another Note, whic is considered in London at midnight This, it is claimed in Berlin, accepted a British proposal for direct negotiatio between Germany and Poland, provide a Polish plenipotentiary arrived in Berli
within 24 hours.
AUGUST 30.-The Poles decline t send a plenipotentiary under menace There is another Cabinet meeting in Downing Street. Late at nirht Si Nevile Henderson visits Hitler and von Ribbentrop and is informed of th German terms.
Hitler sets up Defence Council witl full powers. - AUGUST 31.--Full mobilization o the British Fleet. The Pope issues a las appeal for peace.
The Polish Ambassador in Berlin is told of the German terms at 8 p.m.; and at 10 p.m, they are broadcast over the German wireless with the comment tha Germany regards them as having beer rejected. * SEPTEMBER 1.-Germany invades Poland and bombs Polish towns. Hitler addressed the Reichstag and announces his intention to fight Poland, adding that he will not call upon Italy for aid. The Polish Ambassadors inform Great Britain and France that their Government consider that the German attack constitutes a case of direct aggression. The French and British Ambassadors tell von Ribbentrop that unless the German forces are promptly withdrawn from Polish territory Britain and France will fulfill their obligations. Von Ribbentrop replies that he
must consult Hitler.
Full mobilization is decreed in Great Britain and France. I SEPTEMBER 2.--The German Guyernment made no reply to the British and Franch Notes. A plan for five-power conference is put forward by Signor
Mussolini, but in Parliament it is stated that the British Government can attend no such conference while German troops

JNG HINDU
| are on Polish soil. Among emergency
measures passed by Parliament is one providing for compulsory military service between the ages of 18 and 41.
SEPTEMBER 3.—at 9 a.m. the British Ambassador informs Germany that unless German troops have begun to withdraw from Poland by 11 a.m. he is to ask for his passport. There is no reply by 11 a.m., at which time therefore Great
Britain and Germany are at war. At | 5 p.m. a similar ultimatum from France expires, and France and Germany are at war.
London Matriculation Examination, June, 1939. | Our congratulations to the following:-
S. R. Sooriar S. Visuvanathan P. Kathiraveloe M. Mahadeva K. Sivarajah C. Ramanathan S. Sivakolunthu S. Sarvananda V. S. Nadaraja M. Dharmpala S. Ponnampalam K. Arulampalam
P. Suntheralingam The besr results in Jaffna.
All contributions to 'The Young Hindu should reach the Editor at least one week before the date of publication, i. e., before ncon on the Wednesday of the week previous to the Wednesday of publication.
The Editor reserves the right to accept, modify or reject any article submitted for publication.
SAIVA PRAKASA PRESS, JAFFNA.

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