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Page 4
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Page 5
,yq;ifj; jkpou; gpur;rpidapy; ,e; jpah may;ehL vDk; tifapy; jdJ gpurd;dj;ij MokhfNt gjpf;f Ntz; ba Njitfs; Vw;gl;likAk; mjdhy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;GfSk; gyd;fSk; ,yq; ifapd; jkpou; cupikg; Nghuhl;lj; jpid kpf kpf MokhfNt ghjpj;Js; sd vd;gij kWf;fNth> kwf;fNth KbahJ.
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GJby;ypa njhiyg;gLj;j tpUk;gtpy;iy.
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fPNo: kPz;Lk; jkpo; ehL Nehf;fp. mfjpfshf.... yq;if - ,e;jpa ,izT Mtzk;
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Page 6
itfiw ,e;jpa -6-
- ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpw;F ,UgJ Mz;Lfs
jw;Nghija epiy vd;d
1987 Mk; Mz;L [_iy khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp mg;nghOJ ,e;jpag; gpuj kuhapUe;j uh[Pt;fhe;jp kw;Wk; ,yq;if [dhjpgjp N[.Mu;. n[atu;jdh Mfp NahUf;fpilapy; ,yq;if - ,e;jpa xg ;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. ,d;W ,UgJ Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;du; tuyhw;iwj; jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;ifapy;> epr;rakhfg; Gyg; gLtJ ahnjdpy;> mJ Njhy;tpaile;j xU cld;gbf;if vd;gjhFk;. cs;Sh upy; rpyu; ,d;Dk; ,t;Tld;gbf;ifapy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sJ Nghy; ele;J nfhz;l NghjpYk; cz;ik vd;dnt dpy;> mJ nray; ,oe;Jtpl;l xU Mt zk; vd;gjhFk;. vdNt> xg;ge;jj;jpd; ,UgjhtJ Mz;L epiwtpy; nfhz;lh Ltjw;F vJTk; ,y;yhj NghjpYk;> mjd; jhf;fj;ijAk; mJ tpl;Lr; nrd; Ws;s Nfs;tpfisAk; mjd; gpd;dzpapy; ,d;W ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; epiyg;gh l;ilAk; Muha;tJ gaDilajhFk;.
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,t;Tld;gbf;if ,yq;if ,dg;gpur; rpidia KbTf;Ff; nfhz;LtUk; tifapy;> ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ vdg; nghJthff; $wg;gl;l NghJk;> mjd; gpd;dzpapy; epr;rakhd ,uz;L Nehf;f q;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. mtw;wpy; xd;W epr;rakhf 1983 Mk; Mz;bd; gpd;du; kpf Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; mjpfupj;Jr; nrd;w td;Kiw kl;lj;ij epu;tfpj;Jf; nfhs;tjhFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J Nehf;Fifapy; mjpfupj;Jr; nry; Yk; td;Kiwapd; fhuzkhf ,uz;L gpujhd gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;bUe;jd. x- d;W ,q;fpUe;J jkpo; ehL Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; mfjpfspd; njhif ngupJk; mjpfupj;jpUe;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf jkpo; ehl;by; xUtpj gjw;wk; Vw;glj; njhlq; fpapUe;jJ. mJ tpUk;gj;jf;fnjhd;whf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,uz;lhtJ ,yq;if apy; mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; neUf;fb gpuh e;jpaj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; jiyikj;Jt me;j];J kw;Wk; mgpyhi\fs; Nghd;w tw;iwg; ghjpg;gjhf mike;jpUe;jJ. v- dNt> td;Kiwiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Nt- z;ba xU Njit ,e;jpahTf;F fhzg; gl;bUe;jJ.
Nehf;fk; vd;w tifapy;> ,uz;lh tJ fhuzp ,yq;ifia jdJ fl;Lg;gh l;bd; fPo; itj;Jf;nfhs;tjhFk;. 1980 Mk; Mz;Lfspd; gpuhe;jpa murpay; nfLgpb Aj;j ajhu;j;jq;fspdhy; epu;z apf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ vd;gJ ,q;F ftd j;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fhy j;jpy; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp murhq;fk; Nkw;F Nehf;fp> mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf mnk upf;fh Nehf;fp rhaj; njhlq;fp ,Ue; jik ,e;jpa eyd;fSf;F cfe;jjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. cz;ikapy; Fwpg;ghf> n[atu;jdhtpd; Nghf;F ,e;jpahtpd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ntsptptfhu eyd;f Sf;F mr;RWj;jyhfNt mike;jpUe; jJ. vdNt> ,t;tr;RWj;jiy jzpf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; gad;gLj;jg;glf;$ba epr;ra khd> ,yFthd xU fhuzpahf ,yq; ifapd; cs;ehl;Lg; gpur;rpidAk; jkpo; MAjf; FOf;fSk; fhzg;gl;bUe;jd.
vdNtjhd;> xg;ge;jj;Jld;> ,iz e;j tifapy; ,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gL
fpd;w JiwKfq;fs;> xypgug;G trjpfs;> kw;Wk; ,uhZt eyd;fs; ,e;jpahtpw;F tpNuhjkhd rf;jpfspdhNyh my;yJ ,e;jpahtpw;F tpNuhjkhfNth gad;gLj; jg;glf;$lhJ vd;w tifapyhd ruj; Jfs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jd. ,j;
jifa xU gpd;dzpapNyNa ,yq;if murhq;f kl;lj;jpYk; jkpo; FOf;fSf; fpilapYk; fhzg;gl;l kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l MjuT tpsq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vijf; nfhLj;jhYk; thq;fpf; nfhs;sj; jah uhf ,Ue;j jkpo; FOf;fs; ,jpy; cs; slf;fg;gltpy;iy.
vdNt> gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;g;gJ my; yJ td;Kiwia fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs; tJ kw;Wk; ,e;jpahtpd; eyd;fisg; Ngzpf; nfhs;tJ Mfpa ,uz;L Nehf; fq;fSk; xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpd;dzpapy; fhzg;gl;bUe;jd. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,tw;wpy; vJ gpujhdkhd Nehf;fkhapUe;jJ v- d;w Nfs;tp vOkhapUg;gpd; gjpy; ru;r; irf;FupajhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.
vt;thwhapDk;> eilKiwapy; xg;ge; jk; ,uz;L gpujhdkhd tplaq;fis cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. (1) khfhz rig mbg;gilapyhd mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj; jpl;lk; xd;W. (2) xg;ge;jj;jpd; ruj;J
fis mK jpa mi iof;fg;gl Kfk;. ,y ayikg;gp jpUj;jk; k
NkNy: uh[Pt;fhe;jp - N[.Mu;. n[atu;jdh Mf - ,e;jpa xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gly;. fPNo: m
fpof;F khfhz rigapd; nfhbia
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vd;gtw;wpd vl;L khf tl - fpo mbg;gil jiyika f;fg;gl;bU ngUkhs; jpw;Fk; n jpgjp gpNu apyhd g fhuq;fs; khf tl nraw;ghL
,Ug;gp dNu Muk iyg;Gypf mjd; m isNah Dk; gpuhe zkhf m tpj;jpUe;j su;fs; m

e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpw;F ,UgJ Mz;Lfs;
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Mtzp 03> 2007
trjpfs;> pahtpw;F my;yJ gad;gLj; hd ruj; ;jd. ,j;
,yq;if Of;fSf; j;jg;gl;l ;. vijf; ;sj; jah jpy; cs;
;gJ my; pf; nfhs; d;fisg; ;L Nehf; ;dzpapy; ,tw;wpy; e;jJ v- jpy; ru;r;
py; xg;ge; aq;fis z rig tyhf;fj; ; ruj;J
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fis mKy;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpyhd> ,e; jpa mikjp fhf;Fk; gil vd;w iof;fg;gl;l> ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpd; mwp Kfk;. ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy;> murp ayikg;gpy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l 13MtJ jpUj;jk; kw;Wk; khfhz rigfs; rl;lk;
fhf;Fk; gilfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd MAj Nkhjy; njhlq;fpa NghNj xg;g e;jk; ghuJ}ukhd neUf;fbapDs; js; sg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j kpdp Aj;jk; ,Wjp apy; ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpd; ntspNaw;wj; jpw;F toptFj;jJ. 1990 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; ,yq; ifapy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpaJld;> xg; ge;jk; ngUkstpw;F Kbtpw;Ff; nfhz; Ltug;gl;bUe;jJ vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;.
xg;ge;jj;jpd; vr;rk;
,Ug;gpDk;> xg;ge;jk; tpl;Lr; nrd;w vr;rq;fs; ,d;Dk; ,yq;if murpaypd; xU mq;fkhf ePbj;J ,Ug;gJ Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mt;tifapy; ,uz;L tplaq;fs; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;glyhk;. xd;W> xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l khfhz rigfs; ,d;Wk; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,uz;lhtJ> ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;w mjpfhug; guty- hf;fk; gw;wpa thjg;gpujpthjq;fspd; ikag; Gs;spahf ,yq;if - ,e;jpa xg;ge;jNk fhzg;gl;L tUfpd;wik.
,q;F> xU tifapy; Rthu];akhd tplak; vd;dntdpy;> mbg;gilapy; tlf;F - fpof;fpw;fhf vd Vw;gLj;jg; gl;l khfhz rigfs; tlf;F - fpof;F jtpu;e;j Vida khfhzq;fspy; nraw; gl;L tUfpd;wikahFk. Kjyikr;ru; tujuh[g;ngUkhs; 1990 Mk; Mz;L xUjiyg;gl;rkhd Rje;jpug; gpufldk; nra;jijj; njhlu;e;J [dhjpgjp gpNu kjhrhtpd; murhq;fj;jpdhy; fiyf;fg; gl;bUe;jJ. mt;tpjk; ,lk;ngw;W 17 tUlq;fs; Md gpd;Dk; Gjpa Nju;jiy elhj;jp Gjpa rig xd;iw Vw;gLj;J tjw;fhd tpUg;gNkh ,aYikNah fhzg;gltpy;iy. vdNt> tl - fpof;F khfhz rig xd;wiu jrhg;jq;fshf
u;. n[atu;jdh MfpNahUf;fpilapy; ,yq;if ;jplg;gly;. fPNo: m.tujuh[g;ngUkhs; tlf;F-
rigapd; nfhbia Vw;wpitj;jy;
fiyf;fg;gl;l epiyapNyNa ,Uf;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. ,jd; fUj;J> tl - fpof;F khfhz rig vd;gJ G+uz khfNt ,y;yhkw; NghapUe;jJ vd;gJ k; nra;ag;gl;l mjpfhuq;fs;
my;y. cz;ikapy; Kiwik tpl;Lr; nrd;w epu;thff; fl;likg;G xd;W fhzg;gl;bUe;jJ. mJ ,g;gpuNjrj;jp pyhd ,Ogwp fhuzkhf
yhd murpd; nraw;ghLfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhd Kf;fpa fU fpof;F khfhz rigapd;
tpahf nraw;gl;L te;Js;sJ. mt;tif apy; Nehf;Fifapy; ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfspy; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;w khfhz Lfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
rigfspYk; mjpf kjpg;GilajhfNt tlf;F - fpof;fpd; epu;thff; fl;likg;G fhzg;gl;bUe;jJ. Vida rigfisg; nghWj;jtiu mit capu; tho;e;J t- vd;gtw;wpdbg;gilapy; ehL KOtJk; vl;L khfhz rigfs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. tl - fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; Nju;jy; mbg;gilapy; <.gp.Mu;.vy;.vg;. fl;rp jiyikapyhd murhq;fnkhd;W mik f;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk;> tujuh[g; ngUkhs; jiyikapyhd murhq;fj; jpw;Fk; nfhOk;gpw;Fk; Fwpg;ghf [dh jpgjp gpNukjhr murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; ,il apyhd gutyhf;fk; nra;ag;gl;l mjp
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,uz;lhtjhf> ,d;W mjpfhug; gu tyhf;fk; gw;wpa thjg;gpujpthjq;fspd; ikag;Gs;spahf khfhzrig Kiwik- ,Ug;gpDk;> gpur;rpid mjw;F Kd; dNu Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ. Vnddpy;> tpLj iyg;Gypfs; xg;ge;jj;ijNah my;yJ mjd; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fy; Vw;ghLf isNah tpUk;gpapUf;ftpy;iy. ,Ug;gp Dk; gpuhe;jpa ty;yurpd; mOj;jk; fhu zkhf mjid Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhf mwp
Na fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; mbg;gil vd;dntdpy;> Gjpa mjpfhug; gutyh f;fy; Nahridfs; khfhzrig Kiw ikapy; epd;W Kd;Ndw;wfukhditah my;yJ gpd;Ndhf;fpr; nrd;Ws;sdth vd;w tifapNyNa mZfg;gLfpd;wd. mz;ikapy; ntspaplg;gl;l mjpfhug; tpj;jpUe;jdu;. vdNtjhd; rpy Ma;th su;fs; mikjpfhf;Fk; gil jpl;lkp
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Page 7
Mtzp ,tu;fspd; 03> 2007
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,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jk; ifna Oj;jplg;gl;lik ey;ynjhU tplankd;Nw ehk; fUJfpNwhk;. Vnddpy; fhyk; jho;j; jpahtJ ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F mjpfhu gut yhf;fy; mtrpak; vd;gij mg;Nghija [dhjpgjp N[.Mu;. [atu;jd Vw;Wf; nfh- z;l re;ju;g;gk; mJ. ,e;jpahtpd; xj;J iog;Gld; ,g;gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPu;Tfhz;g jw;F Nkw;nfhz;l Kaw;rp ,J. ,yq;if muRf;fhf ,e;jpa muR jdJ ,uhZt tPuu;fspy; Mapuj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhNdhiu jpahfk; nra;jJ. mjdhy; ,e;jpa mu Rf;Fk; ,yq;if ed;wp $wNtz;Lk;.
Mdhy;> ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l Ntisapy; gyu; vjpu; j;jdu;. jkpoPo tpLjiyg;GypfSk; gpb thjk; gpbj;jdu;. vkJ ehl;bYs;s re; kq;fs rkutPu
ju;g;gthj murpay; thjpfs; murpay; yhg Kd;dhs; ntsptptfhu mikr;ru;
q;fSf;fhf xg;ge;jj;jpw;F vjpu;g;G njup jiytu; =yq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rp
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thW eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. mg;NghJ khfhz rigfis vjpu;j;jtu;fs; ,g;NghJ mtw;iw Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sdu;
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kWGwk; N[.tp.gp.> =yq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rp Mfpad fLk; vjpu;g;G njuptpj;jd. NjrgpNukpfs; vDk; ,af;fk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L vjpu;g;G eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;wd. ,jdhy; ehnlq;Fk; td;Kiwfs; Vw;gl;ld. uh[Pt; fhe;jpapd; tw;GWj;jypdhy; khfhz rigfis Gypfs; Muk;gj;jpy; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhYk; gpd;du; vjpu;g;G njup tpj;jdu;. khfhz rigfSf;fhd mjpfhuq;fs; NghJkhditay;y vd;gJ mtu;f spd; epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;jJ. mtu;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; ,yq;if murhq;fk;> Gypfs; mikg;G kw;Wk; midtUf;Fk; rkhjhdk; fpilj;jpUf;Fk;. ,U jug;gpd Uf;Fk; ,ilapy; Gupe;Jzu;T ,y;yhjjhYk; mtru mtrukhf ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpLk; eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhYk; ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk; ,J njhlu;ghf Nghjpa njspT ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjdhNyNa kf;fs; kj;jpapypUe;Jk; ,jw;F vjpu;g;G Vw;gl;lJ.
vt;thwpUg;gpDk; 20 tUlq;fspd; gpd;du; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ> md;W ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jk; %yk; khfhz rigfis vjpu;j;j gyu; ,d;W mtw;iw Vw;Wf; nfhz;b Ug;gJ njspthfj; njupfpwJ. tlf;F fpof;Fg; gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPu;thf nfhz; Ltug;gl;l khfhz rig ,g;NghJ mq;F ,aq;ftpy;iy. khfhz khfhzq;fspy; khfhz rigfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; epw;fpd;wd. ,e;epiyapy; tlf;F fpof;F gpur;rp idf;F cldb murpay; jPu;T fhz;gJ mtrpakhfTs;sJ. ,jw;F khfhz rig Kiwia Xu; mbg;gilahff; nfhs;s KbAk;.
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,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifia mnkupf;fh rhu;ghf khw;wpaikj;jJ
1977 ,y; Ml;rpf;F te;j N[.Mu;.[a tu;j;jdtpd; mnkupf;f rhu;G Ml;rpf;F ghlnkhd;iw Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fpy; ,yq;if apd; cs;ehl;L gpur;rpidapy; jiyapl;l ,e;jpah> jkpo; gpuptpidthj gaq;futh jj;ij Ngh\pj;J ,yq;ifapd; Njrpag;gp ur;rpidia rpf;fyhf;fpaJ. mr;re;ju;g;gj; jpy; ,e;jpah njhiyNehf;fpd;wp nraw;gL tjhf re;Njfj;Jf;F ,lkpd;wp ehk; mbj; Jf; $wpNdhk;. Vnddpy; mf;fhyfl;lj; jpy; ,e;jpahtpYk; gpuptpidthjk; jiy J}f;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. mt;thwhd mr;R Wj;jnyhd;Wf;F Kfk; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz; bUe;j ,e;jpah mz;ila ehnlhd;wpd; gpuptpdthj ,af;f nkhd;iw Ngh\pg;gJ ,e;jpah jdf;Nf jhd; JNuhfkpioj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F rkkhFnkd kf;fs; tpL
Nrhktq;r mkurpq;f kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp jiytu;
jiy Kd;dzp md;W ,e;jpa mjpfhupf Sf;F vLj;Jiuj;jNghJ mjw;F ,e;jpah nrtpkLf;ftpy;iy. ,yq;ifia tw;GW j;jp ,e;jpahTld; xg;ge;jnkhd;Wf;F ,z q;f itg;gjpy; ,e;jpah ntw;wpfz;lNghjpYk;> mjdhy; mtu;fSf;F vJtpj gaDk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,Wjpahf ,e;jpah jdJ gpujkiu ,oe;jJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpy; Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhiu ,oe;J jdJ nfsutj;ijAk; fsq;fj;Jf;Fs;shf;fpaJ.
,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jk; ,yq;ifapd; Njrpag;gpur;rpidia neUf;fbia Nehf;fp ,Oj;Jr; nrd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf> ,yq;ifapd; gpuptpidthj gaq;fu thjj;ij Njhw;fbf;f KbahkypUe;jJ. Njrpag; gpur;rpid jPu;Tf;nfd gyte;jkh fj; jpzpf;fg;gl;l khfhzrigfs; Kiw tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; Kw;whf Njhy;tpaile;jJ. mjid nraw;gLj;j Kbatpy;iy. mNjNghd;W ,e;jpa ,y q;if xg;ge;jj;Jf;F vjpuhf> tlf;F> fpof;fpy; khj;jpuky;y> ,yq;ifapd; Vida khfhzq;fspYk; kf;fs; fpsu;e;njOe;jdu;. rl;lG+u;tkw;w> [dehaf tpNuhj If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp vjpu;g;Gj; njuptpj;j kf;fis nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ. xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; md;W ,izf;fg;gl;l tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fis tpLtpg;gjw;fhf kf;fs; ePjpkd;wj;ij ehba kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp mjpy; ntw;wp ngw;wNjhL> ,yq; ifapd; Kg;gilfs;> tpN\l mjpubg;gil> kw;Wk; Cu; fhty; gilapdu; MfpNahu; jw;NghJ gaq;futhjj;ijj; Njhw;fbj;J fpof;F khfhzj;ij tpLtpg;gjpy; ntw;wp fz;Ls;sdu;.
,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jk; fhuzkhf ,yq;if nrYj;jpa tpiy kpf mjpfkh Fk;. mNjNghd;W ,e;jpah nrYj;jpa tpiyiaAk; Fiwj;J kjpg;gpl KbahJ. ,J tiu ,e;jpahTk;> ,yq;ifAk; mDgtpj;Js;s ,d;dy;fisf; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L gioa jtWfs; kPz;Lk; Gjpa tbtpy; elf;f ,lkspf;f Ntz;lhnkd kf;fs; tpL jiy Kd;dzp Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. njw;fhrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ,e;jpahTk; ,yq; ifAk; rkj;Jtj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk; el;GwNthLk; njhlu;Gfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;baJ ,U ehLfspdJk; kf;fspdJk; flikahFk;. Nkw;Fyfpd; gf;fk; Ml;rpahsu;fs; rha;e;jjd; tpisT
mf;fhyj;jpy; vkJ ehl;il Mz;l jiytu;fs; ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ru;tNjr m- urpay; jd;ikia Gupe;J nfhs;shky; gazk; nra;jjd; tpisNt ,e;j xg;ge; jk;. N[. Mu;. n[atu;jd mjpfkhf Nkw; fj;ija ehLfspd; jug;gpw;F rha;e;jjhy; jhd; ,yq;ifAld; ,e;jpah ,j;jifa njhU xg;ge;jj;ij nra;jJ. ,e;j xg;ge; jk; ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l NghJ mjw;Nfw;w kf;fs; mgpg;gpuhankhd;W fl;bnaOg;gg; gltpy;iy. jtwhd Neuj;jpy; jtwhd tpjj;jpy; nra;ag;gl;l xg;ge;jk; mJ. mNj Nghy; tlf;F fpof;Fg;gpur;rpidiag; ngh- Wj;jtiu Gypfs; mikg;gpd; epiyg;gh l;il ,e;jpah Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. tl tz. mJuypa uj;d Njuu;
f;Ffpof;F jkpo; kf;fspd; ghuk;gupa jh- ehlhSkd;w FOj;jiytu;
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dhy; tlf;F fpof;F jkpo;NgRk; kf;fspd; ghuk;gupa tho;tplk; vd;Nw ,yq;if - ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. xw;iwahl;rp jd;ikf;Fl;gl;Nl ,e;j xg;ge;j j;jpd; cs;slf;fq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,t;thW ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpd; rhjf ghjfq;fs; gy ,Ue;jhYk;> xl;Lnkhj;jkhf ghu;f;Fk;NghJ jtwhd Neuj;jpy; jt whd tpjj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l xg;ge;jkhfNt cs;sJ.

Page 8
-8- itfiw ,tu;fspd; ghu;itapy; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jk;
epahakhd epue;jukhd rkhjhdj;ij Nehf;fpr; nry;tjw;F fpilj;j re;ju;g;gk;
,yq;if - ,e;jpah xg;ge;jk; ,dg; gpur;rpidf;F epahakhd epue;jukhd rkh jhdj;ij Nehf;fpr; nry;tjw;fhd re;ju;g; gk; xd;whFk;. ,Ujug;GfSk; rk;kjpj;jp Ue;jhy; 50000 tPuu;fis fhg;ghw;wp ,Uf;f yhk;. mg;gbapUe;jhy; jha;yhe;J> gpypg; igd;]; Nghd;W ,yq;ifAk; Kd;Ndwpap Uf;Fk;. ,e;j 20 tUlq;fspy; rkhjhdk; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ,yq;ifia ,Uklq;F Kd;Ndw;wpapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,e;j xg; ge;jk; Njhy;tpapy; Kbtile;jjhy; gy gpd; tpisTfs; Vw;gl;ld. ,e;jpah kPJ ,yq;if muRk; kf;fSk; itj;jpUe;j ek;gpf;if ngha;j;J tpl;lJ. ,yq;ifapy; kPz;Lk; Aj;jk; Vw;gl;bUf;fhJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpw;Fk; GypfSf;F kpilapyhd Nkhjyhy; Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhu; gypahfp apUf;f khl;lhu;fs;.
,e;j xg;ge;jk; fhuzkhf N[.tp.gp. apd; jPtputhjk; tYtile;jJ. ,jdhy; ,dthjk; kPz;Lk; jiy J}f;fpaJ. ,jdhy; NkYk; 60000 tPuu;fs; gypahfpdu;. ,e;j xg;ge;jk; Vd; Njhy;tpapy; Kbtile;jJ vd;w fhuzq;fis Muha;e;jhy; xg;ge;jj; jpd; cs;slf;fk; rk;ge;jkhf murpay; jiytu;fSk; kf;fSk; jahu;gLj;jg;gl;b Uf;ftpy;iy. mtu;fSf;F ,Jrk;ge;jkhf Gupe;Jzu;T ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,e;jpahtpd; gyk; fhuzkhf jPu;nthd;iw jpzpf;f Kw;gLtjhf kf;fs; fUjpdu;. mtrufjpapy; ePz;lfhyg; gpur;rpidf;F jpBu; jPu;it fhz KbahJ. mjw;F Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elj; jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
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d;Dk; rup ,uz;L ehLfSNk jk;ikg; gw;wp kl;LNk rpe;jpj;jd. ,e;epiyik Mo;e;j tUj;jj;ijNa jUfpwJ. ,jid 15 tUlj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l MAjg;Nghuhl;l mDgtj;jpy; $WfpNwd;. fpilj;j ed;ikfSk; gwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd
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Mdhy; ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F gpujhd vjpu;f;fl;rpahd Mjuthff; fhl;bf;nfhz;lhYk; kWGwk; Aj;jj;ij rpw
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ifnaOj;jplg;gl;L 20 tUlq;fs; fle;Js;s Ntisapy; epiyikia ghu;f;Fk;NghJ> me;j l;bUe;j tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; jw;NghJ gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fpof;fpy; jdp khfhzrig jw;Nghija murhq;fk; Nkw;nfhz;LtUfpwJ. me;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;bUe;j ed;ikfSk; py;iy. fpilj;jijAk; gwpf;Fk;tpjkhf murhq;fk; nraw;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F vjpuhf tlf;F fpof;F tz;Lk;.
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q;iff;F ;g;G. ,y- a jPu;f;f jkpou;fs; ,d;iw ld; mu mZftp w;wJ ,u Gypfs;. Lj;jpdhu; t;. ,tu; nra;Js; LfSNk q;fpapUe; k; rupgp jk;ikg; ;epiyik . ,jid
fpof;fpw;F jdpahd khfhz rig ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpw;F Kuz;
,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jk; ,iw ikAs;s ,uz;L ehLfSf;fpilapy; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l xU xg;ge;jk;. ru;t Njr rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;j xg;ge;jk; rl;l tYtpidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jpah ,yq;if Mfpa ,U ehLfSf;Fk; ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPNo flikg;ghLfs; cz;L. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb> khfhz rigfs; mikg;G Kiwapd;fPo; tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,izf;fg;gl;L Xu; khfhzrig Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j ,izg;G njhlu Ntz;Lkh? my; yJ ,e;j ,izg;GfspypUe;J fpof;F khfhzk; gpupf;fg;gl;L jdpahd khfhz rig Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lkh? vd;g ijj; jPu;khdpf;f Xu; ru;t[d thf; nfLg;G fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; 1987 Mk; Mz;L bnrk;gu; khjk; 31 Mk; jpfjp my;yJ mjw;F Kd;du; elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,e;j ru;t[d thf; nfLg;G elj;jg;gl Kbahj R+o;epiyfs; ,Ue;jjhy; mJ fhytiuaiwapd;wp xj;jpitf;fg;gl KbAk;. ,jd; gpufhuNk 1987 ,y; md;iwa [dhjpgjp [atu; jdh> mtrufhyr; rl;l tpjpfspd; fPo; jdf;fpUe;j mjpfhuq;fisg; gpuNahfpj;J> murhq;f tu;j;jkhdp (murhq;f fnrw;) mwptpj;jyhfg; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l gpufldk; xd;wpd; Clhf tlfpof;F khfhzq;fis ,izj;jhu;. Mdhy; ru;t[d thf;nf Lg;ig gpd;du; mtu; xj;jpitj;jhu;. ,e;j thf;nfLg;G> mtuhYk; mtUf;Fg; gpd;du; te;j [dhjpgjpfshYk; fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; xj;jpitf;fg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. fle;j tUlk; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy;> tlfpof;F khfhzq;fspd; ,izg;Gf;F vjpuhf njhlug;gl;l tof;fpy;> mtrufhyr; rl;l tpjpfspd; fPo; ,e;j ,izg;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. rl;l uPjpahdJ my;y vd;W cau;ePjpkd;wk; jPu;g;gspj;Js;sJ. murpay; mikg;gpd;gb> ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; rl;l%yk; xd;iw epiwNtw;Wtjd; %yNk ,izg;ig Nkw; nfhs;s %bAk; vd;Wk; cau; ePjpkd;wk; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sJ. ,e;j epiyapy; fpof;F khfhzj;ij jdpahf epu;tfpf;f murhq;fk; Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. “fpof;F khfhz rig”f;F Nju;jy; elj;jTk; mJ jpl;lkpLfpd;wJ.
,t;tpjk; fpof;F khfhzj;Jf;nfd Xu; jdpahd khfhz rigapid cU thf;FtJ ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;Jf;F Kw;wpYk; KuzhdJ. tlfpof;F khfh zq;fis ,izg;gjw;F ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; rl;l%yk; xd;iwf; nfhz;L tuNt z;ba nghWg;G murhq;fj;Jf;F cz;L. mij murhq;fk; jl;bf; fopf;f KbahJ. ,e;jg; gpur;rpidapy; ,yq;if muRf;F cs;s nghWg;gpid ,e;jpah czu;j;jp> cupa eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLtij cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpahtpd; flik mJ. ru;trd thf;nfLg;G xd;W fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; elj;jg;gLtij jkpou; jug;G xU NghJk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljpy;iy. 1984 [_iy 29 Mk; jpfjp xg;ge;jk; ifna Oj;jplg;gLtjw;F Kd;du; ,e;jpaj; jiyefu; nly;ypapy;> ,yq;ifj; jkpou; mikg; Gf;fSld; ,e;jpa murhq;f cau; mjpfhupfs; Ngr;R elj;jpdu;. jkpou; jug;gpd; epiyg;ghL mg;NghJ jpl;ltl;lkhfj; njuptpf;fg;gl;lJ. xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jplg;gL tjw;F Kjy; ehs; ,uT nuNyh> <.gp.Mu;. vy;.vt;> Gnshl;> <.vd;.b.vy;.vt;.> 

Page 9
Mtzp 03> 2007 ,e;jpah - ,yq;if cld;gbf;ifAk; ,yq;ifapd; rkhjhdKk;
,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu ,k;
gpid mspf;Fk; tifapy; 29 Mk; cW khjk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kpf;fjhFk;. ,yq;
g;Giuia murpayikg;gpy; cs;slf; iftho; midj;Jj; jkpo;kf;fs; kPJk;
fpaJ. ,yq;if murpaypy; jpUg;GK jpl;lkpl;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l [_iy ,d
idia Vw;gLj;jpatuhd v];.lg;spA+. g;gLnfhiyf;F ,k;khjj;Jld; ,Ugj;jp
Mu;.b. gz;lhuehaf;f 1929,y;> ,q;fp ehd;F tUlkhfpd;wJ.
yhe;jpy; fy;tp fw;W ehL jpUk;gpa Ntis ,yq;iff;F rk\;b Ml;rpNa ,NjNtis jkpo;kf;fspd; gpur;rpid
cfe;jJ vDk; jPu;it Kd;itj;jhu;. f;F ,e;jpah toq;fpa rkhjhd jPu;Tj; jpl;lkhd ,e;Njh - yq;fh cld; gbf;
,j;jPu;tpid jkpo;j; jiyik epuhfup iff;F ,UgJ tUlq;fshfpd;wJ.
j;j NghjpYk; gpupj;jhdpahTk; ,jid Vw;ftpy;iy. (v];.lg;spA+. Mu;.b.gz;lh 1987,y; gpwe;j Foe;ijfs; ,d;W
uehaf;fTk; gpd;du; mjid Vw;ftp rkhjhdj;jpd; gyd;fis mDgtpg;gtu; fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; khwhf tl fpof;fpy; (1987,y;) gpwe;j Foe; ijfspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhu;  ,e;jpa murpay; jiyikfSk; nghWg;Gf;$w flikg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpo; kf;fsJ gpur;rpidf;fhd mbj;jsj;ij Nehf;FNthkhapd;> gpupj;jhdpa murpay; jiyikfSk; nghWg;Gf;$w flikg; gl;Ls;sd. ,yq;iff;F Rje;jpuk; toq; Ftjw;F Kd;gjhfNt vOe;j jkpo;kf;f sJ gpur;rpidf;F gpupj;jhdpah cupa
1987,y; gpwe;j Foe;ij jPu;tpid 30fspy; toq;fpapUe;jhy; ,y q;if ,e;jsT capupog;Gf;fis re;jpj; jpUf;fhJ.
,d;W rkhjhdj;jpd; gyd
gpupj;jhdpah tpl;l jtwpid rupg;gL
mDgtpg;gtu;fshf ,Uf;f N j;j ,e;jpahTf;F 1987,y; tha;g;Gf; fpl;baJ. ,t;tha;g;gpid ,e;jpahtpdhy; rupahfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Kbatp
Mdhy; khwhf tl - fpo
y;iy.
1987,y; gpwe;j Foe;ijf ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tuyhw;iw nghWj;jtiu jkpo;> rpq;fs jiyikf Sf;fpilapyhd Ml;rp Nkhjy; Jl;lif
ngUk;ghyhNdhu;
KD> vy;yhsd; tiu nrd;whYk; gpupj; jhdpau; Mf;fpukpg;gpd; gpd;dNu ,t;tpU
 tl mau;yhe;J> ];nfhl;yhe;J>
dpy; xU rpy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Ng gpup Nty;];> Ia;];Ny xg;Nkd; Nghd;w gFjp
j;jhdpah> ];nfhl;yhe;jpw;Fk; Nty;]pw; fis jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;
Fk; mjpfsT Rahl;rp toq;fpaik Fwp bUe;j mDgtj;ij ,yq;ifapYk; f-
g;gplj;jf;fJ. ilg;gpbj;jdu;. mjd; tpisT ,Wf;f khd kj;jpa Ml;rpiaf; nfhz;l Nrhy;
vt;thwhapDk; gpupj;jhdpah iffO gup murpay; ahg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ.
tpa ,yq;if ,dg;gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;g; gjw;F ,e;jpahtpw;F re;ju;g;gk; fpilj; jkJ murpay; ghJfhg;gpidAk;
jJ. ,r;re;ju;g;gk; ,d;DnkhU tsu;r;rpf; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; Kd;dpWj;jpa rpWgh
fl;lj;jpNyNa fpilj;jJ. mjhtJ rk d;ik ,dj;jpw;F ngausT ghJfhg;
\;b vd;wjpypUe;J xUgb Kd;Nd nrd;-
W jdpahd kf;fs; kj jg;Nghuhl NyNa m g;G ,e;jpa
rpWghd dpa Ml;r ausT gh gup murpa jpaikj;j iyikfs ia (nrd
,yq;if - ,e;jpa cld;gbf;ifapy; ifr;rhj uh[Pt;fhe;jpia ,yq;if flw;gil t
ghd;ik , gpid to Ak; ePf;fpa
,NjNt ePf;fp ngs ];J toq tu;fs; gy Lg;gLj;Jk Kfg;gLj;j gLj;jg;gl jkpo;kf;fs Fs;shf;f Nghuhl;lk mUk;gptpl

,e;jpah - ,yq;if cld;gbf;ifAk; ,yq;ifapd; rkhjhdKk;
,y; gpwe;j Foe;ijfs; rkhjhdj;jpd; gyd;fis ;gtu;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ; khwhf tl - fpof;fpy; y; gpwe;j Foe;ijfspy;
ngUk;ghyhNdhu; ;Nghuhl;l Kd; muq;fpy; jj;Jld; epw;fpd;wdu;
-9- itfiw
Mk; cW cs;slf; jpUg;GK ;.lg;spA+. ;> ,q;fp jpUk;gpa Ml;rpNa j;jhu;.
k epuhfup ; ,jid ;.b.gz;lh Vw;ftp
pje;Jiu w;wpUg;gpd; r;rpaj;jpw; k;. Vnd d;Ng gpup Nty;]pw; ik Fwp
iffO aj; jPu;g; ; fpilj; tsu;r;rpf; htJ rk ;Nd nrd;-
jkpo; kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLj;j ,t; mr;RWj;jiy ,e;jpaj; jiyik ed; Fzu;e;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf jkpo;kf; fspd; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F G+uz MjuT toq;fpaJ. ,jD}lhf ,e;jpah> ,y q;if tho; jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpid f;fhd jPu;tpidg; ngw;Wj;jUk; nghWg; gpid jkjhf;fpf; nfhz;lJ.
[dehaf uPjpapy; jkpo; gpujpepjpf Sk;> rpq;fsg; gpujpepjpfSk; Neupy; fye;Jiuahb KbTfhz 1985Mk; M- z;L jpk;Gg; Ngr;Rthu;j; ijf;F ,e;jpah tha;g;Ngw;gLj;jpaJ. ,g;Ngr;Rthu;j;ij apd; NghJ rpq;fsj; jiyikapd; tplh g;gpb epiyia ,e;jpah ed;Fzu;e;jJ.
W jdpahd muR vd;w Nfhupf;if jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; tYtile;J mJ MA jg;Nghuhl;lkhf gupzkpj;j re;ju;g;gj;jp NyNa mg;gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;f;Fk; tha; g;G ,e;jpahtpw;F fpilj;jJ.
mjd; mLj;j fl;lkhf 1987,y; ,- yq;if ,uhZtj;jpdu; Nkw;nfhz;l tlkuhl;rp ,uhZt eltbf;ifia fhuzkhff; nfhz;L tlf;F fpof;F jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPu;T fh-
rpWghd;ik ,dj;jpw;nfd gpupj;jh dpa Ml;rpahsu;fshy; toq;fg;gl;l ng- ausT ghJfhg;gpidf; nfhz;l Nrhy; gup murpay; ahg;gpid 1972,y; jpUj; jpaikj;j njd;dpyq;if murpay;j; j- iyikfs; Nrhy;gup ahg;gpd; Nkyit- ia (nrdl; rigia) ePf;fpaJld; rpW
Zk;gb ,yq;ifia epu;g;ge;jpj;jJ. ,e; epu;g;ge;jj;jpd; tpisthf ,yq;if ,e; jpa cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidf;F khfhz- rigiaj; jPu;thf toq;fpaJ. ,j;jPu;th dJ NghuhLk; jkpo;g; NghuhspfsJ gpujpepjpfSlDk;> [dehaff; fl;rpf- spd; gpujpepjpfsplKk; [dehaf uPjpapy; fye;Jiuahb KbntLf;fg;gl;ljh? ,y; iyah? vd;w Nfs;tp njhlu;e;J epytp tUfpd;wJ.
vt;thwhapDk; ,j;jPu;tpd; gpd;du; Njhd;wpa Nghuhl;l rk;gtq;fSk;> mjp fhug;gfpu;T njhlu;ghd gy;NtW rpj;jh e;j fye;Jiuahly;fSk; ,yq;if ,e; jpa cld;gbf;ifia kPs;guprPyid nra;a epu;g;ge;jpj;Js;sJ. ,yq;if ,e; jpa cld;gbf;ifapd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;l mjpfhug;gfpu;tpid tpl $basT mjp fhug;gfpu;tpw;fhd Nahridfs; mtrpak; vd;gij fle;j ,U jrhg;j epfo;Tfs; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd; xU ntspg ;ghlhf Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp re;jpupfh FkhuJq;f ,yq;if ,e;jpa cld;gbf; ifapy; $wg;gl;l mjpfhuj;ijtpl $ba mjpfhug; gfpu;T Nahridia ehlhS kd;wj;jpy; Kd;itj;jhu;. me;j Nahr- idfSk; NghuhLk; gpuptpdu; Vw;Wf; nfhs;gitfshf mikatpy;iy.
,tw;Wld; tlf;F fpof;F K];ypk; bf;ifapy; ifr;rhj;jpLtjw;F ,yq;if te;j
q;if flw;gil tPuu; jhf;Fk; fhl;rp
kf;fsJ gpur;rpidAk; Gjpa tplakhfj; Njhd;wpaJ. K];ypk; kf;fs; jkJ jdp j;Jtj;ij Kd;dpWj;jp jkf;F Rahl;rp mynfhd;W NfhUk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg; gl;ldu;.
,UgJ tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; uh[Pt; N[.Mupdhy; ifr;rhj;jplg; gl;l ,y q;if - ,e;jpa cld;gbf;if ,d;W Njhd;wpAs;s Gjpa gpur;rpidfis cs; slf;fpa jPu;tpid Nehf;fp efu Ntz;b ajd; Njit milahsk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
,e;epiyapNyNa Nehu;Nt jiyaPl; bd; tpisthf 2002,y; uzpYld; Aj;j epWj;j cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jplg;gl; lJ. Nehu;NtapdJk; ,izj; jiyik ehLfspdJk; gq;fspg;G ,jw;F fhuzp ahf mike;jd. ,jd; mLj;j fl;lkhf uzpypd; murhq;fk; x];Nyh rkhjhdg; Ngr;R thu;j;ijia Kd;ndLj;jJ. mu rhq;f khWjYld; mg;Ngr;Rthu;j; ij Ak; Kwpe;J tpl;lJ.
ghd;ik ,dj;jpw;F (ngausT) ghJfhg; gpid toq;fpa 29MtJ cWg;Giuia Ak; ePf;fpaJ.
MapDk; ,t;Kwpe;j Ngr;R thu;j;ij Gjpa mj;jpahaj;ij jpwf;f top nra; jJ. ,Jehs;tiu NghuhLk; Gypfs;
,NjNtis kjrhu;gw;w jd;ikia ePf;fp ngsj;jkjj;jpw;F murpay; me;j ];J toq;fpaJ. ,jDld; jkpo;khz tu;fs; gy;fiyf; fofk; nry;tij fl; Lg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; jug;gLj;jiy mwp Kfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,J 1956,y; mwpKfg; gLj;jg;gl;l jdpr;rpq;fs rl;lj;ij tpl jkpo;kf;fspd; vjpu;fhyj;ijNa Nfs;tpf; Fs;shf;fpaJ. ,jid vjpu;j;J MAjg;
,af;fk; vt;thwhd mjpfhug;gfpu;tpid Vw;fj; jahuhf cs;sJ vd;gjid gfpuq;fkhf ntspg;gLj;j ,t; Aj;j epW j;j cld;gbf;if tha;g;gpid Vw;gLj;jp aJ. epue;juj; jPu;T Nahidia fhz;g jw;F Kd;Ndhbahf Gypfs; ,ilf;fhy epu;thfrig Nahridia Kd;itj;j du;. ,t;Nahridfs; Gypfspd; xl;L nkhj;j Nfhupf;ifapd; Kjw;$Wfshf
Nghuhl;lk; jkpo; ,isQu;fspilNa mUk;gptpl;lJ.
10k; gf;fk; ghu;f;fTk;


Page 10
-10- itfiw ,e;jpah-,yq;if
09k; gf;fj;njhlu;r;rp
mike;jd. ,t; Nahridiag; gw;wp fye;Jiuahliy Kd;ndLf;f Kd;du; Rdhkp mdu;j;jk; cUthfpaJ. Rdhkpf; nfd cUthf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;gpid mKyhf;Ftjw;F Kd;Nd mJTk; Kwp abf;fg;gl;lJ.
,g;gpd;dzpapNyNa ,d;iwa [dhjp gjpapd; Gjpamurhq;fKk; Njhd;wpaJ.
Muk;gk; KjNy xw;iwahl;rpapd; fPo; mjpfhug;gfpu;T vDk; Nfhl;ghl;il Kd; itj;j [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ jw; NghJ fpof;fpy; ngw;w ,uhZt ntw;wp apd; gpd;du; ,uhZtj;jPu;tpy; ek;gpf;if itj;J ,uhZtuPjpahf jPu;TfhZk; nraw;ghl;by; ,wq;fpAs;shu;.
,yq;if ,e;jpa cld;gbf;ifiaj; njhlu;e;J eilngw;WtUk; rk;gtq;fs; NghuhLk; gpuptpdupd; Vw;gpd;wp rkhjhd j;ij mila KbahJ vd;gij xUGwk; mwpTWj;jp tUfpd;wJ. kWGwk; khwp khwp Ml;rpg;gPlNkWk; rpq;fsj; jiy ikfs; jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidf;F jPu;T fhZtjpy; jaf;fk; fhl;Ltij ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wJ.
NkYk; ,yq;ifapd; murpay; ghuk; gupaj;ij Nehf;Fifapy; rpq;fs murp
,yq;ifapd; murpay; ghuk;gupaj;ij Nehf;Fifapy; rpq;fs murpay; jiyikfs; kfhtk;fijapy; $wg;gl;litfis njhlu;e;J NgZk; kNdhghtj;ij ,d;Wk; nfhz;Ls;sikapdhy; mjpfhug; gfpu;T vd;gij jkpo; kf;fsJ Mf;fpukpg;ghf fUJfpd;wd
ay; jiyikfs; kfhtk;fijapy; $wg; gl;litfis njhlu;e;J NgZk; kNdh ghtj;ij ,d;Wk; nfhz;Ls;sikap dhy; mjpfhug; gfpu;T vd;gij jkpo; kf;fsJ Mf;fpukpg;ghf fUJfpd;wd. ,k; khiaapypUe;J xUrpy ,lJrhupj; jiyikfNs tpLgl;Ls;sd. ,t; tu yhw;W mDgtj;ij Nehf;Fifapy; ntspaf epu;g;ge;jkpd;wp ,yq;if murp
`rd; myp K.fh. nrayhsu; ehafk;> gpujp mikr;ru;
ay; jiyikfs; jPu;nthd;wpw;F ,zq;f khl;lhu;fs; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
,e;epiyapNyNa ,e;jpah Kf;fpaj; Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapd; ,dg; gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPu;nthd;wpid Kd; itj;j ,e;jpah kPz;Lk; ,yq;if tpl aj;jpy; jiyapLtJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
Mdhy; ,e;jj; jiyaPlhdJ Nghuh- sp mikg;Gk; [dehafj; jiyikfSk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; jPu;nthd;wpid Kj ypy; mile;jgpd;> mjid mbg;gilah ff; nfhz;L ,yq;if Ml;rpahsupd; ghy; jkJ mOj;jj;ij gpuNahfpj;J jPu; nthd;wpid fhZk; mZFKiw xd; wpid gpd;gw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,e;jpah ,jid nra;aj; jaf;fk; fhl;bd; ,izj;jiyik ehLfs; jkpo; NgRk; kf;fs; Vw;Fk; jPu;tpid itf;Fk;gb njd;dpyq;ifj; jiyikia epu;g;ge;jpj; jy; mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ,JTk; Nghuhspf; FOTlDk;> [dehaf mikg;GfSl Dk; fye;JiuahbNa Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thW Kd;ndLf;fg;gbd; ,e;jpah- it gq;fhsuhf ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sy; mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ,k; Kaw;rpia Kd; ndLf;ifapy; ,izj;jiyik ehLfs; rPdh kw;Wk; ghfp];jhDlDk; fye;J iuahLtJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ,J ,y q;if Ml;rpahsu;fs; jPu;tpid Nehf;
fpr; nry;y cWJizahf mikAk;.
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Page 11
Mtzp jkpof 03> 2007
Kjy;tuhf fLk;Nghl;b!
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Page 12
-12- itfiw Fok;gpg; NghAs;s n[ayypjh
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Page 13
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Page 14
-14- itfiw miu.. 13k; gf;fj;njhlu;r;rp
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jkpouRf; fl;rpAk; Mjupj;J epiw Ntw;wpa 1953 “`u;j;jhy;" Nghuhl;lj; jpid Kd;dpd;W tPW nfhz;L elj;jpa yq;fh rkrkh[f;fl;rpj; jiytu;fs; 1957 ,y; Ngupdthjk; jhz;ltkhba NghJ Vd; iffl;b epd;wdu;.
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Ngupdthjk; jdJ nraw;ghLfis 1920 fspNyNa Muk;gpj;J tpl;lJ. nlh- d%u; murpayikg;gpd; fPo; Ml;rp elj; jg;gl;l fhyfl;lj;jpypUe;J jdpr;rpq;fs ke;jpup rig> jkpou; jhafj;jpy; mur cjtpAldhd rpq;fs FbNaw;wq;fs; vd;wthwhf gy eltbf;iffs; Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;L te;jd.
jkf;F ifnfhLj;J nrayhw;wpte;j Muk;gfhy jkpo; jiyikfid rpq;fs Ngupdthj rhay;nfhz;l jiyikfs; Gwe;js;sp Xuq;fl;lj; jiyg;gl;Ltpl;ld. ,j;jifa gpd;Gyj;jpid xUNghJk; kwe;JNghfhkNyNa ,d;W jkpo;j; jiy ikfs; ,d;Wk; vd;Wk; Ngupdthjpfspd; %u;f;fj;jdkhd ,uhZt kag;gl;l nra w;ghLfis vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
1965,y; ll;yp - nry;th xg;ge;jk; ll;yp Nrdehaf;ftpdhy; xUjiyg;gl; rkhf ,uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;lij MuhAk; jUzk; ,J my;y. Mdhy;> gz;lh- nry;th xg;ge;jk; gz;lhuehaf;fhtpdhy; fpopf;fg;gl;ljhapDk; mjw;F If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAk; jhd; nghWg;G vd;gJ kiwf;fNth kWf;fNth Kbahj tu yhW MFk;.
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epiyik cUthfpapUf;fhJ. mJkl;L Lf;F ,dpNkyhtJ fhyk; jho;j;jhJ
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ehl;bd; Njrpa ,dq;fSld; mjp fhuj;ijAk; tsq;fisAk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;shtpl;lhy; xUNghJk; mikjpia cUthf;f KbahJ vd;gij gz;lh - nry;th xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpd;diltpd; C- lhf 50 tUlfhy ,ilntspf;F gpd;d uhtJ czuj;jtWNthkhapd; vkJ vjp u;fhy re;jjp kpfNkhrkhd tpisTf isNa vjpu;nfhs;s NeupLk;.
kNdhfNzrd; Nkyf kf;fs; Kd;dzp
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fle;j [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jypy; njd; dpyq;ifapNyNa rpq;fs> ngsj;j xw; iwahl;rp mbg;gilthjk; Kd;ndLf;fg; gl;Lk; tlfpof;fpy; fzprkhd jkpou;fs; Nju;jy; thf;fspg;gpy; gq;Fgw;whikAk; rkPgj;jpa tuyhwhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. M- dhy;> ,J Gjpa tuyhW my;y. gioa tuyhW kPz;Lk; vOjg;gl;ljhFk;. me; jg; gioa tuyhW 1956 ,y; vOjg; gl;lJ. me;j Mz;by; eilngw;w Nju;j ypy; ,uz;L tptfhuq;fs; vOr;rp ngw; wd. xd;W> rpq;fs njd;dpyq;ifapy; “rpq;fsk; kl;Lk;” vd;w nfhs;if Kd; ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. tlfpof;fpy; jkpo; Njrp ak; milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,d;iwa ,d Kuz;ghl;bw;Fk; NguopT Aj;jj;jpw; pufj;jpy;> gz;lh - nry;th cld;gbf;if
Fk; 1956 Mk; Mz;bd; Nju;jy; Kb ifr;rhj;jpl;l gpd;
Tfs; gps;isahu; Rop ,l;ld.
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jiyikapyhd kf;fs; If;fpa Kd; dzp 1956 Nju;jypy; Ml;rpia gpbj;jJ. cj;juthjg; gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,e;j nfhs;ifapd; gpjh kfd; mkuu; gz;lhuehaf;f MFk;. ,dthj $r;ry; cr;r fl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jjhy; rpq;fs Nj- rk; KOf;f jkpou;fSf;F vjpuhd rpe;j kpd;wp jkpo;j; jiytu; xUtUld; rpq; fsj; jiyiknahd;W Rakhf nra;J nfhz;l ,e;j cld;gbf;if jd;dpr;ir ahf Ngupdthj rf;jpfspd; mr;RWj;jY f;F gae;J fpopj;njwpag;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> mjd; fle;j 50 tUlfhy tuyhw;Wj; jtW Fwpj;J ghlk; gbf;f jtWk; gl ;rj;jpy; NkYk; NkYk; Nkhrkhd tpis TfisNa vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;b NeupLk;.
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rpq;fsk; kl;Lk; rl;lj;ij tlfpof;fp Yk; Kd;ndLf;Fk; gz;lhuehaf;ftpd; eltbf;ifia jkpo; muRf; fl;rp je;- ij nry;th jiyikapy; fLikahf vjpu;j;jJ. ghupa rhj;tPf vjpu;g;Gg; Ngh- uhl;l ,af;fk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. xj; Jioahik> rl;lkWg;G Mfpa fhe;jPa newpKiwfs; fhuzkhf tlfpof;fpy; mur epu;thfk; ];jk;gpj;jJ. ,e;j Ku gz;lh- nry;th xg;ge;jk; jd;dpr;ir ahf fpopj;njwpag;gl;Lk; ll;yp - nry;th xg;ge;jk; epiwNtw;wg;glhj epiyapYk; Ngupdthjk; njhlu;r;rpahf tsu;f;fg; gl;L ,d;W epiyahf Nt&d;wptpl;lJ.
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35k; gf;fk; ghu;f;fTk;


Page 15
Mtzp gLnfhiyfs; 03> 2007
%yk; kiwf;fg;gLk; nka;fs;
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Tickets $100
www.s

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e;j ghj; fl;rpapdUf;Fk;> Fu;jp\; kf;f ghu;g;gtu;fSf;F GupahjJ. ,jpy; 1970
Sf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwTfs; rPu;Fiy Mk; Mz;by;  Fu;jp\; kf;fis Njrpa ,dkhf mq;fPfupj;j Ml;rpahsu; fs;> Fu;jp\; jhd; vd;w Njrj;jpd; Ml; Gyj;ij mq;fPfupf;fj; jtwpdhu;fs;. m- jd; tpisthfj; Njhd;wpa Nghupy; Vw;g l;l mopTfSk;> Nghiuj; njhlu;e;J Nk- w;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,dr;Rj;jpfupg;GfSk; Fu; jp\; kf;fspd; ,d milahsj;ijNa mr;RWj;jpd.
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mth;fNshL
gj;jpupifahsh; khehLk; ,uhg;Nghrd tpUe;Jk; (Fundraising Event)
6:00 PM
Samy Appadurai Candidate for Scarborough Centre - Ontario PC Party
Tickets $100 ($75 tax Receipt Available)
6:00 P.M. to 6:45 P.M. - Press Conference 7:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. - Dinner To reserve your tickets, please call; Ken - 416.294.9322, Revathy - 647.802.5682
www.samy2007.ca
Samy - 416.824.8815
AUG 10 FRIDAY
at Eastown Banquet Hall
2648 Eglinton Avenue East,


Page 16
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gpLfpwJ. ,e;jpa mstpNyNa> Mapuk; Mz;f
jpUf;fpwJ. ,jw;F tujl;rizNa kpf Sf;Fj; njhs;shapuj;J Kg;gj;J %d;W
Tk; Kf;fpakhd fhuzk; vd;W nrhy;
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nra;Ak; 1 if fzf;nfLg;gpd; %ykhfj; njupa
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filrptiu ,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;w vz;zj;
te;jhu;fs ,e;jpahtpy; mjpfupj;JtUk; ngz; rpRf;
jhy;> tajhd fhyj;jpy; jk;ikf; ft
cj;juthj nfhiyfs; jtpu Ntnwd;d ,jw;Ff;
dpj;Jf;nfhs;sg; Nghfpwtu;fnsd;w ek;
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nfd 200 ijf; fz;lwpAk; fUtpfs; Gof;fj;Jf;F
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iaj; jLg s;sJ.
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gbg;ig ‘fUf;nfhiy’ nra;tjw;fhf
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ngz; rpRf ,UgJ Mz;Lfspy; ,e;jpahtpy; xU
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fs; $Wfpd;wd. kf;fs; njhifiaf;
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me;jf; $ xt;nthU ehSk; Vohapuk; ngz; rpR
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“xU Foe;ij jpl;lk;” ngz; rpRf; nfh-
khepy Adpnr/g; mwpf;if $wpAs;sJ. 2011k;
iyia mjpfg;gLj;Jtjpy; nrd;W Kbe;
fis c Mz;L thf;fpy; ,e;jpahtpy; Mz;Lf; Fg;
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];Nfdu;fs gj;J yl;rk; ngz; rpRf;fs; nfhy;yg;g
fpwJ. 2010k; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpwF xt;
za Nrh lyhk; vd;Wk; me;j Ma;Tfs;> ftiyia
nthU Mz;Lk; jpUkzj;Jf;Fg; ngz;
,uz;L M vr;rupf;ifNahL ntspapl;Ls;sd.
fpilf;fhj gj;J yl;rk; ,isQu;fs;
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Mtzp 03> 2007 U Nfhb ngz;fs; vq;Nf?
;gLtijj; jpl;lj;ij ;aTs;sJ. ; murhq; Ntz;Lk; fpwtu;fs; pwhu;fsh? ;G nra;J ;lwpaNt g;gLj;jT q;fisj; ; jpl;lk; mf;Nlh jpl;lj;jpd; k; ngz; Vohapuk; jhL> xU ; nra;ag; ; gj;jhk; ; kUj;J muNr e;ijfS NkYk;
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le;J te; Na kpf ;W nrhy;
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tof;fk; hrpa ehL ; jfty; ifiaf; 979k; M- j;jg;gl;l pRf; nfh- ;W Kbe; hz;bUf; pwF xt; g; ngz; sQu;fs;
jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> mit rup tu eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfj; njup atpy;iy. ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; ,JFwpj;J Nfl;fg;gl;l Nfs;tp xd;Wf;Fg; gjpysp j;j kj;jpa Rfhjhuj;Jiw mikr;ru;> kj;jpa muR ,aw;wpa rl;lk; mkYf;F te;J xd;gJ Mz;Lfshd gpwFk; me;j
rPdhtpy; ,Ug;ghu;fnsd nra;jpfs; njup tpf;fpd;wd. jw;NghJ rPdhtpy; Mz;f istplg; ngz;fs; gjpNdO rjtpfpjk; Fiwthf cs;sdu;. rpy gpuNjrq;fspy; ,e;j ,il ntsp Kg;gJ rjtpfpjk;
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; xUtu; $l jz;bf;fg;gl tpy;iy vd njuptpj;jhu;. me;j rl;lj; jpd;fPo; khu;r; 2005 tiu ehnlq;Fk; 303 tof;Ffs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jNghjp Yk;> vtUk; jz;bf;fg;gltpy;iy.
msTf;Ff;$l ,Uf;fpwJ.
2006 khu;r; khjj;jpy;jhd; `upahdh
ngz; rpRf; nfhiyapy; rPdhTk;> ,e;jpahTk;jhd; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ug;g jhf> ‘ngz; Foe;ijfSf;fhd nray; ghl;L FO’ vd;w mikg;G Fiw $wp As;sJ. ,e;j Mz;L khu;r; khjj;jpy; mJ ntspapl;Ls;s mwpf;ifapy;> jw;
khepyj;jpy; ehl;bNyNa Kjd;Kiwahf xU lhf;lUk; mtuJ cjtpahsUk; ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; fPo; jz;bf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,uz;L tUl rpiwj; jz;lidAk;> Ie; jhapuk; &gha; mguhjKk; mtu;fSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;ld.
NghJ cyfpy; E}W kpy;ypad; ngz;fs; gw;whf;Fiwahf ,Ug;gjhfTk; mjpy; vz;gJ rjtpfpjk; ngz;fs; ,e;jpahtp Yk;> rPdhtpYk; Fiwthf cs;sdu; vd;Wk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
kj;jpa Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; ,e;j rl; lj;Jf;fhd fz;fhzpg;Gg; gpupitr; Nru; e;j lhf;lu; ul;ld; re;j; gy khepyq;f spYk; Rw;Wg;gazk; nra;J Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;lNghJ> khepy mstpy; m-
cyf mstpy;> Foe;ijg; gpwg;gpy; 100 ngz; Foe;ijfSf;F 105 Mz; Foe;ijfs; vd;w epiy fhzg;gLfpwJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLk; me;j mwpf;if> rPdh tpy; 100 ngz; Foe;ijfSf;F 117 M- z; Foe;ijfs;; ,e;jpahtpy; 100 ngz; Foe;ijfSf;F 120 Mz; Foe;ijfs; vd;w epiy ,Ug;gjhfj; njuptpj;Js;
ikf;fg;gl;l fz;fhzpg;G FOf;fs; rup tu nray;glhjJ njupate;jJ. ,e;j rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk; nfhz;l khepy mstpyhd mikg;Gfs; NghJkhd gzpahsu;fs; ,d;wp nrayp oe;J fplf;fpd;wd vd;gijAk; mtu; fz;lwpe;jhu;. Mdhy;> ,e;j epiyik khw;wg;gltpy;iy.
sJ. ,tw;NwhL ghfp];jhd;> gq;fsh Nj\;> ijthd;> njd;nfhupah> ,e;Njh Nd\pah> tpal;ehk; Kjyhd ehLfsp Yk;$l ngz; rpRf; nfhiy tof;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. cyf kf;fs; njhifapy; Vwj;jho ghjp msT ,e;j ehLfspy; jhd; cs;sJ. ,tw;wpy; Vw;gLk; ghypd Vw;wj;jho;T cyf mstpy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;W me;j mwpf;ifapy; vr; rupj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
eilKiw uPjpahd ,j;jifa rpf; fy;fs; xUGw nkd;why;> mwptpay; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; Vw;gl;L tUk; Kd;Nd w;wk; ,d;ndhU Gwk; ngupa rthyhf ,Uf;fpwJ. fU ed;F tsu;r;rpaile;j gpwNf mJ ngz;zh> Mzh vd;W ghu;f;f KbAk; vd;w epiy ,UgJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; ,Ue;jJ. M- dhy;> ,g;NghNjh kpf Muk;g fl;lj;jp NyNa$l mijf; fz;Lgpbj;J tpLfpwh
fUr;rpijT kl;Lkpd;wp> ngz; rpRf; nfhiyf;F NkYk; gy topKiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. tp\k; nfhLg; gJ> fOj;ij Kwpg;gJ> gl;bdp Nghl;Lf; nfhy;tJ> fpzw;wpy; tPRtJ Nghd;w Kiwfisf; ifahz;Lk; ngz; rpRf; fs; nfhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. kUj;Jtkidf spy; ngz; Foe;ijiaf; nfhd;Wtpl;L ,aw;if kuzk; my;yJ ,we;J gpwe; jjhfr; rhd;wpjo; ngWk; eilKiwAk;
u;fs;. ghypdj;ij epu;zapf;Fk; ,e;jg; gupNrhjid Kiwapy; ,g;NghJ NkYk; xU ‘Kd;Ndw;wk;’ Vw;gl;bUf;fpwJ. fU Tw;w ngz;zpd; uj;jj;jpypUe;J fUtpd; mZitg; gpupj;njLj;J mijf;nfhz;L me;jf; fUtpy; ,Ug;gJ ngz;zh> Mzh vd;W fz;lwpa KbAk; vd tpQ;Qhdpfs; $Wfpd;wdu;. ,e;jKiw Gof;fj;Jf;F te; jhy;> ngz; rpRf; nfhiyiaj; jLg;gJ NkYk; rpf;fyhdjhfptpLk;.
tof;fj;jpy; cs;sJ. cupa gzj;ijf; nfhLj;jhy; ,g;gbahd rhd;wpjo;fisj; jUtjw;F kUj;Jtu;fs; rpyu; jahuhf ,Ug;gjhfg; ngz; Foe;ijf;fhd nra y;ghl;Lf; FOtpd; me;j mwpf;if Fwpg; gpLfpwJ.
ngz; rpRf;nfhiyiaj; jLg;gjw; nfd jkpo;ehl;by; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhl;by; Foe;ij jpl;lj;ij gjpNdhuh tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpy; ,e;jpahnt q;Fk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg; Nghtjhf mikr;ru; NuZfh rTj;up $wpAs;shu;.
fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij Mzh ngz;zh vd;gijf; fz;lwptijj; jil nra;Ak; 1994k; Mz;L rl;lj;jpy; 2003k; tUlj;jpy; jpUj;jk; xd;iwf; nfhz;L te;jhu;fs;. Mz; Foe;ij gpwg;gjw;F
Mdhy;> ‘‘ngz; rpRf;fs; ngUk;ghYk; fUtpNyNa mopf;fg;gl;L tpLfpd;wd. vdNt> njhl;by; Foe;ij jpl;lk; m- ijj; jLg;gjw;F ngupa mstpy; cj tplhJ’’ vd;w tpku;rdKk; vOe;Js;sJ.
cj;juthjkspf;Fk; tpsk;guq;fs; mjd; %yk; jil nra;ag;gl;ld. ,e;j rl;lj; jpd; nray;ghL gw;wp Ma;T nra;tjw; nfd 2005k; Mz;L Njrpa mstpy; $l;lg;gl;l $l;lj;jpy; vl;L gupe;Jiufs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld. ngz; rpRf;nfhiy iaj; jLg;gjw;fhf Njrpa mstpy; fz; fhzpg;Gg; gpupT xd;iw Vw;gLj;Jjy;> ngz; Foe;ijfspd; ngUikiag; gu g;Gk; egu;fSf;F tpUJ toq;FtJ> k- jj; jiytu;fNshL fye;jhNyhrpj;J ngz; rpRf;nfhiyiaj; jLf;Fk; gpurhu j;jpy; mtu;fis  2010k; Mz;by; kf;fs; njhifapy; Mz;> ngz; vz;zpf;if rkkhf ,Ug;gjw;fh fg; ghLgLtJ cs;spl;l gupe;Jiufs; me;jf; $l;lj;jpy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld.
ngz;fNs capiuf; fhg;gtu;fs;> capiur; Nru;g;gtu;fs; vd;W Nghw;wpa ghujp> “capupDk; ,e;jg; ngz;ik ,dp jlh” vd;W ghbr; rpypu;j;jhu;. MdhYk;> me;jg; ngz; Foe;ijfis ehk; fU tpNyNa njhlu;e;J mopj;Jf; nfhz;b Uf;fpNwhk;! xuprhtpy; epfo;e;Js;s ngz; rpRf; nfhiyfs;> Njrpa mstpy; jpd e;NjhWk; elf;Fk; ‘,dg; gLnfhiyapd;’ mq;fk;jhd;. ,ij xU Njrpa mtkhd- khf ehk; fUjNtz;Lk;. ngz; rpRf; nfhiyiaj; jLj;J epWj;Jk; gpurhuk;> va;l;]; tpopg;G czu;T gpurhuj;ij tpl Tk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ vd;gij czu;e;J kj;jpa&khepy muRfs; el tbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
khepy mstpy; MNyhridf; FOf; fis cUthf;fTk;> my;l;uh rTz;l; ];Nfdu;fspy; nra;ag;gLk; ghypd epu; za Nrhjidfs; gw;wpa tptuq;fis ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; tiu mopf;fhky; itj;jpUf;f MizaplTk;> mg;NghJ
(jpU. utpf;Fkhupd;(tpLjiy rpWj; ijfs;) mDkjpAld; [_dpau; tpfld; - itfiw ,uz;Lf;Fkpilapy; vw;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;s tpNrl xOq;fpdika jpU. utpf;Fkhupd; ge;jp itfiwapy; njhl u;e;J ntsptUk;)


Page 17
Mtzp thioab 03> 2007
thio - 2 ,dpAk; capu; thOkh? cyfpd; gpurpj;jkhd gok; cyif tpl;Lg; gpupAk; mgh
(nrd;w thu njhlu;r;rp...)
thio rhg;ghl;L Nkirf;F tuKd; du;> fhl;L thior;nrbahf ,Ue;j fh yj;jpy; re;jjpiag; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;t jw;F mjdplk; tpijfs; ,Ue;jd. mJ Tk; goj;ij urpj;Jr; Ritf;f Kbahj msTf;F thia neULk;> fbdkhd> Vuhskhd tpijfs;. ,jw;Fg; gpuhar;rp j;jk; Nghy;> mupjpYk; mupjhf> thio ,dq;fs; tpijfs; ,y;yhj goq;fis Ak; mjprakhf cUthf;fpd. ,uz;L NtW gl;l thio ,dq;fspd; fyg;gpy; (Musa acuminata (nn) + Musa bal- bisiana(nn)) Kisnfhz;l kfs; thio -ngh.Iq;fuNerd;;-
apy; jhaplkpUe;J xd;W - mjw;F ,izahfj; je;ijaplkpUe;J xd;W vd ,uz;L ,uz;lhf ,Uf;fNtz;ba epw %u;j;jq;fs; (chromosomes) rpyrkaq;f spy;> xU tpgj;Jg;Nghy %d;W %d;whf mike;jd. gpwg;Gupikf; FsWgbfshy;> ngw;Nwhupy; ,Ue;J nfhQ;rk; khWgl;L Gjpa ,dkhf cUntLj;j kfs; thio ahy; (Musa paradisiaca (nnn)) ,aw; ifahff; fytp nra;a ,ayhkw; Ngh- dJ. Mdhy;> Mz; fUtpd; Nru;f;if ,y;yhkNy ngz; G+ goq;fisf; fdpe; jJ. ,jid mwptpaw; jkpopy; kpfTk; nghUj;jkhff; ‘fd;dpf;fdpak;’ (Parthe- nocarpy) vd;fpwhu;fs;. Mz; fyg;G ,y; yhjjhy; tpijfs; ,y;yhky; cUthfp goq;fs; cz;gjw;F trjpahf ,Ue;j jhy; goq;Fbapdu; ‘rpf;’nfdg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. fw;fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j gapu;g; ngUf;fthsu;fs; ,e;j thioapd; jz; Lfis ntl;bg; gjpak; Nghl;L... gjpak; Nghl;L... ,g;gbj; njhlu;e;jjd; tpis Tjhd; ,d;W cyfk; G+uhTk; fhzg;g Lk; tpijfisj; njhiyj;j thiofs;.
Mjpf;Fbfs; fz;lwpe;J mwpKfk; nra;J itj;j mNj thiojhd; thio abthioahf ,d;wsTk; czthfpwJ. ,df;fyg;G nra;a ,ayhjitahf ,U g;gjhy; gjpak; Nghl;Lg; ngUf;fpa ,e;j thiofs; vy;yhNk kugZ mikg;gpy; efnyLj;jJ Nghy xNu khjpup ,Ug;gJ ld;> epw%u;j;jq;fspd; jg;Gj;jhsq;fspy; gpwe;j jkJ ‘Mjpj;jha;’ thioapd; ku gZ mikg;igAk; xj;Jf; fhzg;gLfp d;wd. gpur;rpid ,q;Nf jhd; Muk;ghfp As;sJ. gapu;fspy; ,ypq;f ,dg;ngUf;f ypd; NghJ Mz; - ngz; fyg;gpy; kug Zf;fspd; xOq;fikT Gjpajhf jpfo; fpwJ. ,e;jr; re;jjpfs; kugZf;fspd; gd;Kfj; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; Neha;fSf;F vjpuhfj; jk;ikj; jft ikj;Jf; nfhs;Sfpd;wd. Mdhy; gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfshf xNukugZ mik g;gpNyNa njhlUk; thiofs; G+kpapy; GjpJ Gjpjhf cUthFk; Neha;f;fpUkp fis vjpu;nfhs;s ,ayhj epiyf;F MshfpAs;sd. ,d;W vy;yhg; gapu; fis tplTk; fpUkpfspd; jhf;FjYf;F mjpfk; Kfq;nfhLf;f Kbahky; jpz; lhLtJ thiofs;jhd;. vy;yh thio fSk; mr;nrLj;jJ Nghy xNu khjpup ,Ug;gjhy; xd;wpy; njhw;Wfpd;w Neha; KO thiofisANk gPbj;J tpLfpwJ. ,jdhy; thiof;fUfpy; gw;wpa jPg;ngh- wpahf midj;J thiofSNk mope;J Nghf NeupLk;.
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Njhd;wptpl;ld. xU Gjpa tifg; gq;f]; Neha; (Black Sigatoka) thio ,iyf- spy; fgpyg;Gs;spfshf cUthfp> tpiu
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kugZ mikg;igAk xj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd
s;s ,lq spdhy; ng g;Gk;NghJ ,d;W vy cyfpd; t Utp Kd 40 tpOf jpj;J tpl jpapy; ,u gpNurpypy;

thioab thio - 2
thOkh?
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ifia Muk;gpj;j ,e;Neha; ,Jtiu 70 tpOf;fhL tay;fis ntWikahf;fp As;sJ. N`hz;Luh]py; %d;W kpy; ypad; ngl;b thiog;goq;fs; msTf;F Mz;LNjhWk; gq;f]; rhg;gpl;L tU fpwJ. ,e;j ,og;G ePbg;gpd; thiof; FbauR vd;Dk; kFlj;ijf; N`hz;L uh]; tpiutpNyNa ,oe;JtpLk;.
cz;ikapNyNa thiofSf;F vk fz;lk;jhd; NghYk;. gidahy; tpOe;j tid khNlwp kpjpg;gJNghy> xU fhy j;jpy; thiofisg; Nghl;Lj;jhf;fpa gdhkhNehAk; kPsTk; jiyfhl;lj; njh-
Ak; gjk;ghu;j;jJ. fhw;wpdhy; guTtjhy; ,jdplk; ,Ue;J jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;S tJ ,ayhjnjhd;W. ntFnjhiytpY
lq;fpAs;sJ. gdhkhNeha; (Panama Disease) my;yJ thio thly; (Ban- ana wilt) vdg;gLk; ,e;jf; nfhLk;gpzp> kz;zpy; fue;JiwAk; /gpA+rhwpak; (Fusarium) vdg;gLk; gq;fRthy; Vw;g LtJ. Ntu;fspD}lhfj; njhw;wp> jz;b D}lhf ,iyfs; tiu Kd;NdWk; /gpA+rhwpak;> jhd; fle;J te;j ghijf- spnyy;yhk; xU tifg;gprpd; my;yJ n[ypiar; Rue;J itf;Fk;. ,e;jg; gprpd; thioapDs;s ePu; topfspy; milg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. thio ,iyfs; gOj;J kQ;rshfp> thbj;njhq;fp> fil- rpapy; kuNk kuzpj;Jg; NghFk;. 1950 fspy; ntspf;fpsk;gpa ,e;Neha; mf;fhy j;jpy; el;rj;jpu me;j];Jg; ngw;wpUe;j ‘Fnwh]; ikf;nfy;’ (Gros michel) vd;w thioia gdhkhtpy; kl;Lky;y> cyf mstpy; mopj;Jtpl;Lj;jhd; fl;Lf;Fs; mlq;fpaJ. ‘Fnwh]; ikf;nfy;’ ,Uf; Fk; tiu ‘fntd;b\;’ thiof;F ,uz; lhk; ,lk;jhd;. mjpu;\;ltrkhf ‘fntd; b\;’ thly; Neha;f;F vjpu;g;G rf;jpiaf; nfhz;bUe;jjhy; me;jg; gpusaj;jpy; jhf;Fg; gpbj;J Fnwh]; ikf;nfypd; ,lj;Jf;F cyf thioahf cau Kb e;jJ. Mdhy; /gpA+rhwpak; gq;fRtpd; ,e;jr; Rw;wpy; ‘fntd;b\;’ jg;gpg; gpio f;f KbAkh vd;gJ re;Njfk;jhd;. ‘fntd;b\;’ mg;NghjpUe;jijg; NghyNt ,g;NghJk; ve;jg; gupzhkKk; ,y;yhky; kugZ mikg;gpy; khwhJ ,Uf;f> gdh khNeha;g; gq;f]; Gjpa mtjhuk; vLj; Js;sJ. Gjpa Fytiff; fpUkpahf (TR.4 - Tropical Race 4) tpfhuk; ngw;W> Kd;igtpl mjpf tPupaj;Jld; fsj;jpy; Fjpj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jd; jhf;Fjypy; gpw e;j tPlhd kNyrpah cl;gl njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehLfs; gytw;wpy; ‘fntd;b\;’ ,g;NghNj topj;Jj; Jilf;fg; gl;L tpl;lJ.
,d;W mjpf mstpy; gq;f];nfhy;yp fspd; njspg;Gf;Fs;shFk; czTg; gapu; fntd;b\; thiojhd; vd;DksTf;F g;G nra;a ,ayhjitahf
gq;fRf;fspd; gutiyj; jLj;J epWj;Jt jw;F cyfk; G+uhTNk kpfg;ngUkstpy; er;R Ntjpfs; tprpwg;gLfpd;wd. ,J g;gjhy; gjpak; Nghl;Lg;
thio cw;gj;jpr; nryit mjpfupf;fr; nra;jpUg;gJld; gy ,lq;fspy; kpfTk; ,e;j thiofs; vy;yhNk
ghjfkhd cUthf;fp cly;eyf; tUfpwJ. NfhshWfisAk; thiof;FbauRf mikg;gpy; efnyLj;jJ
spy; xd;whd Nfh];uh wpf;fhtpd; th- ioj;Njhl;lg; gzpahsu;fspy; rkPgj;jpy; Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,jpy;> Mz; xNu khjpup ,Ug;gJld;>
fspy; Ie;J Ngupy; xUtu; kyl;Lj; jd; ikf;F Mshfp ,Ug;gJk;> ngz;fspy; ;jq;fspd; jg;Gj;jhsq;fspy;
FUjpg; Gw;WNeha; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd epf o;jfT ,ul;bg;ghf mjpfupj;jpUg;gJk; kJ ‘Mjpj;jha;’ thioapd;
njupa te;Js;sJ. Mdhy;> ,t;tsT tpiy nfhLj;Jk;> “gq;f]; fpUkpf;F vjpuhd ,e;jg;Nghupy; filrpapy; nty; ugZ mikg;igAk;
yg;NghtJ gq;f];jhd; vd;gJ cWjpah fj; njupfpwJ’’ - vd thio Muha;r;rp ;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
ahsu;fspd; ,izaj;jpd; jiytu; vkp- yp /gpwprd; ,ayhikAld; njuptpj;J s;shu;.
s;s ,lq;fSf;Fq;$l> thior; rUFf spdhy; nghUl;fisg; nghjpnra;J mD g;Gk;NghJ Nru;e;J Ngha;tpLk;. ,jdhy;> ,d;W vy;iyjhz;ba gaq;futhjkhf cyfpd; thio tay;fspnyy;yhk; CL Utp Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ. cfz;lhtpy; 40 tpOf;fhL tay;fs; mopitr; re; jpj;J tpl;ld. cyfpd; thio cw;gj; jpapy; ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;
vkpyp /gpwprdpd; fUj;ij epuhfupg; gjw;F ,y;iy. gq;fRf;fspd; fle;jfhy nel;^uk; mjw;F Mjhuk;. gdhkh Neha; kj;jpa> njd;mnkupf;fg; gFjpfspy; if- tupiria Muk;gpj;j fhyj;jpy; gq;f]; nfhy;yp kUe;Jfis tUlj;jpy; 10 njhlq;fp 12 jlitfs; njspf;f Ntz; bapUe;jJ. ehsiltpy;> xU thuj;jp
gpNurpypy; 90fspd; filrpapy; Kw;W
35k; gf;fk; ghu;f;fTk;


Page 18
-18- itfiw f[f];jhd; nry;Yk; tp[a;> ];Nuah N[hb
jq;fSf;F gpbj;j ntspehl;L nyh- Nf\d;fis gl;baypl;L> gpisl; bf; nfl; thq;fpa gpwNf ,g;NghJs;s ,a
f;Fdu;fs; glg;gpbg;ig njhlq;Ffpwhu; fs;. ^al; vd;whNy ntspehL vd;gJ jkpo; rpdpkhtpd; vOjglhj rl;lk;.
rl;lj;ij 'mofpa jkpo; kfd;” kl;Lk; cilg;ghuh? ekpjhit ghq;fhq; mUfpYs;s gl;lah jPtpd; flw;fiuapy; Gul;bnaLj;j ,af;Fdu; gujd; mLj;J nry;yapUg;gJ f[f];jhd;.
gioa Nrhtpaj; u\;ahtpd; xU gFjpahd f[f];jhd; kpfg;ngupa njh- opy; efuk;. ,jd; fpuhkg;Gwq;fs; mo fhdit. ,aw;ifapd; cr;rgl;r moif ,q;F juprpf;fyhk;.
U.S. Nkh\d; gpf;ru;]; mflhkpapd; tho;ehs; rhjidahsu; tpUJngw;w Gf o;ngw;w ,j;jhyp ,af;Fdu; ikf;Nfy; MQ;rNyh Md;ldpNahdp fhykhdhu;.
1912-k; Mz;L gj;njhd;gjhk; Njjp ,j;jhypapy; gpwe;jtu; ikf;Nfy; MQ; rNyh. mWgJfspy; ,tu; ,af;fpa “Bl ow up” kw;Wk; “Zabriskie Point” jpiug;
glq;fs; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;wit. “The Adventure” “Red Desert'” jpiug;glq; fSk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.
“Blow up” glk; 1966-y; ntspahdJ.
,af;Fdu; ikf;Nfy; MQ;rNyh Md;ldpNahdp kuzk;!
tp[a;> ];Nuah ,lk; ngWk; ghly; fhl;rpia f[f];jhdpy; itj;J vLf;f jpl;lkpl;Ls;shu; gujd;. ,jw;fhf tpi-
utpy; 'mofpa jkpo; kfd;” A+dpl; ntsp ehL nry;fpwJ.
vy;yhk; rup> ghliy vLf;f ,ir g;Gay; bA+d; nfhLf;f Ntz;LNk?
Mr;rupak;> Mdhy;> cz;ik! glk; njhlq;Fk; Kd;Ng %d;W ghly;fSf; fhd bA+d; nfhLj;J tpl;lhuhk; V.Mu;. u`;khd;. ,J ve;j ,af;FdUf;Fk; fpilf;fhj mjpu;\;lk; vd G+upf;fpwhu; gujd;.
mjpu;\lk; glj;jpd; ntw;wptiu njhlu Ntz;Lk;.
Gifg;gl fiyQd; xUtd; G+q;fh xd; wpy; ,sk; N[hbia Gifg;glk; vLf; fpwhd;. mg;NghJ> Gju; kiwtpy; elf; Fk; nfhiy Nfkuhtpy; gjpthfpwJ. nfhiyf;fhd jlaq;fs; xd;wd;gpd; xd; whf khakhfp> ,Wjpapy; mg;gbnahU epfo;Nt elf;fhj R+oy; cUthfpwJ. ,g;glj;jpd; fpiskhf;]; kpfTk; mw;Gj khdJ. ,g;glk; 1967-k; Mz;L Nfd;]; jpiug;gl tpohtpy; Palm De'or tpUJ ngw;wJ. ,tuJ “Red Desert” glk; nt- dp]; jpiug;gl tpohtpy; jq;f rpq;f tpUjpid ntd;wJ.
Gfo; ngw;w jpiug;gl ,af;Fdu; ngl;upNfh ngypdpAld; xg;gplj;jFe;jt uhd ,tUf;F 1995-k; Mz;L U.S.
Nkh\d; gpf;ru;]; mfhlkp tho;ehs; rhjidahsu; tpUJ toq;fp fTutpj; jJ. ikf;Nfy; MQ;rNyh Md;ldpNah dpapd; kiwT  fijfsk kdjpy; < apd; ehaf Sk; VNj Fk;. Md kpUf Fz gpj;J ki id jpUj td; jpUe
glk; jahupf
xNu glq;fspy jpjh jh] ,af;FdU Nghu; jp n m^u; Nfh
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Nfl;lhy;> \pay; gl
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Mtzp 03> 2007
k; ghly; ;J vLf;f hf tpi-
pl; ntsp
;f ,ir Nk?
k! glk; ly;fSf; k; V.Mu;. dUf;Fk; +upf;fpwhu;
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q;fh xd; lk; vLf; py; elf; pthfpwJ. ;gpd; xd; ;gbnahU thfpwJ. k; mw;Gj Nfd;]; r tpUJ glk; nt- ;f rpq;f
af;Fdu; ;jFe;jt ;L U.S.
tho;ehs; fTutpj; ;ldpNah hjJ!
 kpUfKk; mg;gbnahU ryryg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; vd Vjpu;g;ghu ;g;ig J}z;Lfpwhu;. 'kpUfk;” nrhy;Yk; fij vd;d? rhkpaplk; Nfl;lNghJ....
“ituKj;Jtpd; fs;spf;fhl;L ,jpfh rk; gbf;Fk;NghJ fz;Kd; tpupAk; nghl; ly;fhLk;> GOjp gwf;Fk; fpuhkKk;jhd; fijfsk;. mg;gbahd twz;l G+kpapy; kdjpy;  kw;wtu;fs; tiu mt- id jpUj;j ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;. Mdhy; m- td; jpUe;Jtjhapy;iy. re;ju;g;g R+o;ep
,td; ,uf;fkw;wtd; “kpUfk;” fij nrhy;Yk; rhkp
xNu Neuj;jpy; ,uz;L kiyahs glq;fspy; ebj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu; ee; jpjh jh];. xU glk; xspg;gjpthsUk; ,af;FdUkhd re;Njh\;rptdpd; 'gp/ Nghu; jp nuapd;”. ,d;ndhd;W ,af;Fdu; m^u; NfhghyfpU\;zpd; glk;.
,uz;LNk fiyg;glq;fs;. ee;jpjh jh]; vd;why; Mu;l; rpdpkhjhdh vd;W
Nfl;lhy;> “fiyg; glq;fis Nghy fku; \pay; glq;fSk; gpbf;Fk;" vd;whu;.
rkPgkhf epiwa glq;fspy; ebf;fp whu; ee;jpjh jh];. tpiutpy; ,af;Fd uhf Nghtjhy; epiwa glq;fspy; ebg ;gjhf $wpdhu; ee;jpjh. “ehd; ,e;jpah
glk; jahupf;f ebf;Fk; ebif
iyapy; mtndhU gpur;ridapy; rpf; Ffpwhd;. me;j gpur;ridapy; mtd; jpU e;Jfpwhdh> rhfpwhdh vd;gJjhd; fij.
Nj[h ,af;fj;jpy; njYq;fpy; xU glj;jpy; ebj;jpUf;Fk; Mjp vd;gtu;jhd; Iadhu; fjhghj;jpuj;jpy; `PNuhthf mwpKfkhfpwhu;. mtuJ kidtpahf gj; kg;upah ebf;fpwhq;f. glj;jpy; ,uz;L NgUf;FNk ebg;gpy; rupahd jPdp Nghl; bUf;Nfd;. ,tu;fs; jtpu Nrhdh> fQ; rhfUg;G> Kf;fpa fjhgj;jpuj;jpy; ghD re;ju; MfpNahUk; ebj;Js;sdu;. njhd; D}W rjtPjk; tiu glg;gpbg;G Kbe ;Jtpl;lJ" vd;fpwhu;.
kJiu fhupahg;gl;b mUNf cs;s Fwz;b vd;w fpuhkj;jpy;jhd; ngUk; ghYk; glg;gpbg;G elj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwjhk;. Fwz;b fpuhkk; mUNf 2000 Vf;fu; ng?l;ly;ntspia fpuhkkhf khw;wp 44 tPLfs; nrl; Nghl;L glkhf;fpAs;s duhk;.
tpd; jiyrpwe;j ,af;Fdu;fSld; gzp Gupe;jpUf;fpNwd;. Vwf;Fiwa xU mrp]; nlz;l; iluf;luhf Ntiy ghu;j;jjhy; tpiutpy; xU glj;ij ehNd ,af;f NghfpNwd;."
jhd; ,af;Fk; glj;ij ehNd jahupf;f Ntz;Lk;> mg;NghJjhd; ve;j jilAk; ,y;yhky; nrhe;j tpUg;gj;J
f;F glk; vLf;f ,aYk; vd;gJ ee;jpjh jh]pd; fUj;J. glk; jahupf;f gzk; Nru;f;f epiwa glq;fspy; ebf;fpwhuhk;.
fy;ahz kz;lgk; fl;l glq;fspy; ebg;gtu;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ee;jpjh jh]; tpj;jpahrkhdtu;jhd;!


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Mtzp 03> 2007

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Page 20
-20- el;rj;jpug; itfiw
ngl;lfk;
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xt;nthU ehSk; mDgtNk! iff; nfhs;tij kl;Lky;y jtpu;g;gijAk; gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ehSk; ehk; fw; Wf;nfhs;fpNwhk.; ,Jehs;tiu jtnwd vz;zpapUe;jJ ey;ynjd mwpaTk; ey; ynjd vz;zpapUe;jJ jtwhdnjd m- wpaTk; rpy ehspd; re;ju;g;gq;fs; mik e;JtpLfpwJ.
V.Mu;.u`;khDf;Fk; ,J Neu;e;jpUf; fpwJ. ,irf;fiyQu;fs; kJ Nghij apy;jhd; ,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;Wjhd; u` ;khd; jd; rpWtajpy; epidj;jpUe;jpUf;fp whu;. ,iraikg;ghsu; ,isauh[hT ld; gofpa gpd;du;> jhd; ,Jtiu vz; zpapUe;jJ jtnwd;Wk; Nghij ,y;yh kNy ey;ynjhU ,iraikg;ghsuhf ,Uf;f KbAk; vd;W ,iraikg;ghsu; ,isauh[h tho;tJ jdf;F ,irkPJ gw;W Vw;glf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ vd u`;khd; vg;NghJNk nrhy;ypf;nfhs;fpwhu;.
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u`;khdpd; je;ijahu; Mu;.Nf.N\fu; ,ir xOq;FgLj;jpduhf ,Ue;jNghJ> ,isauh[h mtuplk; fpw;whu; thrpf;f re;ju;g;gk; Nfl;Lg; NghapUe;jhu;. N\f Uk; mg;NghJ ,isQdhf ,Ue;j ,- isauh[hTf;F re;ju;g;gk; tUk; Ngh- njy;yhk; tha;g;G ngw;Wf; nfhLj;J te;jhu;. ,jdhy; V.Mu;. u`;khd; FLk ;gj;Jld; ,isauh[hTf;F gw;Wk; kjp g;Gk; ,Ue;J te;jJ.
Mu;.Nf. N\fu; kuzpj;j Ntisapy; ,isauh[h jpiuj;Jiwapy; Gjpa ,- iraikg;ghsuhf Eioe;jpUe;jhu;. ed; wpf; fldhNyh vd;dNth ,isauh[h u`;khDf;F Ntiy nfhLj;J te;jhu;. ,e;j re;ju;g;gNk u`;khd; ,isauh [hitg; Gupe;Jnfhs;sTk; tha;g;gha;g; NghdJ. ,isauh[h Md;kPfthjpahf ,Ug;gJk; V.Mu;. u`;khDf;F ek;gpf;if iaf; nfhLj;jJ. ,isauh[hTk; jf g;gid ,oe;j jpyPg;Fkhiu jd; kfd; NghyNt mutizj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
V.Mu;. u`;khd; ,];yhk; kjg;gpup thd #gp kjj;jpy; ,ize;jJ kl;Lky; yhJ me;j kjf; Nfhl;ghl;bd;gbNa G+u zkhf xOfTk; jd;id khw;wp mikj; Jf; nfhz;Ls;shu;. gfypy; ,irg;gzp- fis itj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; njhOiffs; ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd;gjdhy; jdJ ,ir xypg;jpTfis ,utpNyNa itj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhu;. ,J gyUf;Fk; gof;fkpy; yhjhf ,Ug;gpDk; xypg;gjpTf;Fr; nrd; wtu;fs; mikjpiaAk; RWRWg;igAk; czu;e;jjhfr; nrhy;fpwhu;fs;.
xt;nthU ,iraikg;Gf;F Kd;Gk; u`;khd; #gp kjg; gpufhuk; jpahdk; nra;fpwhu;. ,ir mikg;G ,lUk; jU zq;fspYk; mtu; jpahdk;nra;fpwhu;. I- e;J Neuj; njhOiffis jtwhJ nra; fpd;whu;. ,jw;fhf jd; xypg;gjpT$l j;jpy; gpuhj;jid miwiaf; fl;bitj; jpUf;fpwhu;. ntspehL nry;Yk; Nghnjy; yhk; njhOiff; fk;gsj;ij jd;$lNt vLj;Jr; nry;fpd;whu;. xt;nthU tU lKk; jtwhJ nkf;fh njhOiff;Fr; nry;fpd;whu;.
nkf;fh nry;Yk; NghJ u`;khd; jdJ jhahUld; kw;iwa nkf;fh ahj;jpupffs; NghyNt F[huhj;jpYs;s #gp k#jpf;F nrd;W njhOj gpd;Ng
nkf;fh nry;thu;. me;j k#jpapy;; r[Puh- ghD vd;w Fr; nkhopNgRk; ngz; njh- Oiff;F tUthu;. F[huhj;jpauhf ,U e;jNghJk; r[Puhtpd; je;ij tpahghuj; jpw;fhf nrd;idg; gl;lzj;jld; njhl u;Gs;stu;. mjdhy; V.Mu;. u`;khdpd;; jhahu; fuPkh Ngfk; r[Puh ghDit V.Mu;. u`;khDf;F kzk; NgrpaNghJ r[Puh ghD V.Mu;. u`;khdpd; kidtp ahdhu;. mjw;F Kd; r[Puhtpd; mf;fh kiyahs ebfu; u`;khid kzk; Kb j;jpUe;jjhy; ,uz;L njd;dpe;jpa el;rj; jpuq;fs; mJTk; ,uz;L u`;khd;fs; F[huhj;jpa kUkf;fs; Mdhu;fs;. u`; khDf;F nkhop xUNghJk; Ngjkhdjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gjw;F ,J ey;njhU cjhuzk;. mNjNghy; ,af;Fdu; fjpU f;;F u`;khd; jd; jq;ifia kzk; Kbj;Jf; nfhLj;jJk; ,d;ndhU cjhu zk;. ,tuJ xypg;gjpT $lj;jpy; gy kjj;jtu;fSk; Ntiy nra;fpwhu;fs;.
vy;yh kdpju;fSk; vy;yh ,iwJ}ju;f Sk; ,iwtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;ltu;fs; vd;Wk; vy;NyhUk; rkkhdtu;fNs vd; Wk; #gp\k; jdf;F fw;Wj; je;Js;sJ vd u`;khd; nrhy;fpd;whu;. ,ir vg;gb ,d kj Fz Ngjkpd;wp capu;fs; vy; yhtw;wpf;Fk; nghJthf ,Uf;fpwNjh mNjNghyNt u`;khDf;F ve;jg; Ngj Kk; ,y;iy. ,iwtNd Ruq;fis Nfh- u;it nra;tjw;F jdf;F mUs;nra;t jhfTk; $wpf;nfhs;fpwhu;.
Nrhfq;fisAk; tWikiaAk; mD gtpj;J flTs; ,y;iy vd;w epiyap ypUe;j jhd; ,];yhk; kjj;jpy; ,ize; jNghJ jd; gioa Nrhfq;fisnay; yhk; kwe;J Gjpa kdpjdhfg; gpwg; ngLj;jij czu;e;J nfhz;ljhfTk; mJNt jdJ ,ir tho;Tf;F cWJ izahfTk; ,Ug;gjhfTk; u`;khd; nrhy;ypf;nfhs;fpwhu;. jdf;Ff; fpl;Lk; ,irr;Ruq;fNsh jhs ,ya fl;LfNsh
vJntd;w nfhLj;j ld; kw;wt ijf; nfh ,iwtNd f;if nfh rhe;jkhfT ,y;yhJ m NahUf;F jhd; u`;k
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V.Mu;. u`;khd;. glk; ntsptutpy;iy. re;Njh\; rptd;>
(njhlUk;)


Page 21
Mtzp 03> 2007
STATEMENT BY JOHN TORY REGARDING THE DEATH OF A POLICE OFFICER IN MARKHAM
(Toronto, ON-02-Aug-2007) – Prog ressive Conservative Party Leader John Tory today issued the following statement:
“I was saddened to hear the news of the death of a York Region Police Officer, killed in the line of duty in Markham this morning. It is the stark reminder of the ultimate sacrifice that our police officers make every day to ensure the continued safety of all Ontarians.
I commend the quick work of the police service in arresting two suspects in this tragic death.
On behalf of the Ontario PC Party, I extend my sincere sympathies to the fam- ily of the fallen officer. The selfless contri- bution made by this officer will not be for- gotten.”
Charges laid in death of Toronto-area police officer
A 19-year-old has been charged with manslaughter after a veteran police officer was dragged by a car and killed in the Toronto suburb of Markham on Thursday morning.York Regional Police Const. Robert Plunkett was killed in the line of duty Thursday. (York Regional Police) Const. Robert Plunkett, a 43-year-old father of three, approached the driver of a stolen Honda on a quiet residential street when the car suddenly reversed, said York Regional Police Chief Armand La Barge.Plunkett, pinned between the car's open door and a tree, could not get away and was dragged onto a nearby lawn, where he was left with serious injuries, La Barge said. Plunkett died in hospital soon after the incident, which occurred shortly before 6 a.m. ET on Ascot Crescent, near Birchmount Road and Steeles Avenue East
ePq;fs; fdlhtpw;F Gjpatuh? ngz;zh? nuhwd;Nuhtpy; trpf;fpwPu;fsh?
Ntytha;gpw;fhd ,ytr cjtpia ePq;fs; TCESy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. Neupy; vkJ mYtyfj;jpw;F tUtjd; %yk; vkJ MNyhrfu; xUtiu re;jpj;J Ngrpf;nfhs;syhk; my;yJ njhiyNgrp %yNkh> kpd; mQ;ry; %yNkh vk;ik njhlu;G nfhs;Sq;fs; (416) 488-0084 ext. 300 Email: tces@tces.on.ca, www.tces.on.ca
2221 Yonge Street Suite 403 (Southeast corner of Yonge/Eglinton) Employment Assistance Services since 1978 funded by Service Canada
Fight for Na
My b the Chol King Ve Through called Ka official n landed in We were system an that first Kali beca pronounc became work, an friends. uttered a over Kari middle na gave him survived
Thirte gone by. mother an to grab Caucasia
“you’
“No”
“No y
“And
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t
be and made long nam long nam lasingam alakshmi
Nam
It imagine thro suc last our
small fas Kalvin. W after all i with a sl sounds d and then among t stands in nounce th can’t pron

-21- itfiw N TORY TH OF A ARKHAM
htpw;F z;zh?
tpy; sh?
;fs;
%yk;
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) 1978
Fight for Name
My brother was named Karikalan after the Chola king who defeated the Pandya King Veerapandyan in the 10
th
century. Through out my life he has always been called Karikalan be it as his pet name, or as a official name. One cold day in November we landed in Canada in the knee depth of snow. We were enrolled into the Canadian school system and we started our new journey. On that first day of school, he was re-baptized as Kali because his grade seven teacher couldn’t pronounce Karikalan. From than on he became Kali at school, at work, and even among his friends. Karikalan was only uttered at home. Kali took over Karikalan and became the middle name my parents never gave him as Karikalan merely survived on paper.
Thirteen long years have gone by. The other day my mother and I walked into KFC to grab a burger when a Caucasian man walked towards us looked up,
“you’re from my country.”
“No” replied my mother.
“No you’re from my country”
“And what would that me”
“Ceylon”
“It’s Sri Lanka”
“How come it’s not Ceylon any more?” As I finished my brief histo- ry lesson of Ceylon becoming Sri Lanka he looked right into my eyes “You’re from the country wh-ere
everyone has long names.”
“Actually we don’t all have long names” I replied.
“No you do” he said as he me asured the length of our na-mes with his han-ds.
“Well I’m proud of it” I said with the nicest smile I could muster.
This is what we are all afraid of, being dragged into odd conversations and made fun off because we happen to have long names. Isn’t it about time we change our long names into short ones. When Thanaba- lasingam. Rajalakshmi. Arumugam. Anand- alakshmi. Somalakshmi have changed into
Names are so much part of our identity as say eating rice and curry, wearing a sari or a pottu. It even decides our future I guess... imagine the thousands who would have had to through away their dream for adorning such names as Singh and Kaur in the last ten year It builds our self-esteem, our gender respect, our ethnic identity.
small fashionable names as Kavya, Nilavan, Kalvin. We no longer want long names, but after all it has to be a Tamil name, of course with a slight western touch to it; so that it sounds different when you write it in Tamil and then English. Our children can’t sit among twenty students when the teacher stands in front of the class trying to pro- nounce the name. What’s in a name if they can’t pronounce it?
KANNI kanni@vaikarai.com
nto-area
icer was ing.York ay. (York ched the eversed, the car's n, where after the chmount
The very change in name has caused a stir in Canadian politics. For the last ten years Indians with the surname Singh or Kaur were told by the Canadian High Commission in New Delhi that their names have to be changed into order to apply as immigrants. WHY? Because there were too common of names and a different name would speed up the process and prevent mistaken identity. The Canadian High Commission have finally pulled back the law allowing people with such names to qualify as immigrants. However how many Sikhs over the last decade would have had to jeopardise their dream of coming to Canada or jeopardise the name that gives them their identity for another name. Is this another indirect formula the Canadian government has used to filter the ethnic back- ground of immigrants?
In the early 1900’s Chi- nese immigrants who were granted the right to enter Canada to help built the Pacific Railway was later asked to pay head tax in order to enter Canada, a grossing $500. Then when the Indians became a problem, the Canadian government allowed only those who could find a direct transportation to Canada. And the only company selling such tickets were that owned by the Canadians. Today when there is said to be no barriers, the very reality of such common names becomes a problem to migrate to Canada. Singh (for male) and Kaur (for female) have been given to the 30 million Sikhs around the world for the last 300 years. The names represent unity and abolish class and caste difference. The government has not taken full credit for what has happened... to them it was not a manda- tory action even though it was followed by their department in New Delhi. They call it a mere misunderstanding, a bad wording; how- ever when common western names such as Smith and Raymond doesn’t cause a stir why single out the Sikh community.
Names are so much part of our identity as say eating rice and curry, wearing a sari or a pottu. It even decides our future I guess... imagine the thousands who would have had to through away their dream for adorning such names as Singh and Kaur in the last ten year It builds our self-esteem, our gender respect, our ethnic identity.
For once we thought colonialism had ended. For once we would have started believing the theories of post colonialism. Did one even think that such colonial behav-
iour would have played out on our names, and we could just alter ourselves without a fight? When Kavasagar become kava, or when Karikalan become kali.
“What multiculturalism are we justifying when we anglicize and simplifying our names for our colonial masters?”


Page 22
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cjhuzkhf> xU ngz;iz ntsp ehl;bw;F njhopy; Gupa mDg;Gk; NghJ mg;ngz;zpd; FLk;gj;jpduhYk; ntsp ehl;L Ntiytha;g;G KftuhYk; fUj; jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kf;fpa tplaq; fspy; xd;W> mg;ngz;zpd; taJk; gf; Ftj;jd;ikAkhFk;. murhq;fj;jpdhy; epu;zapf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; taJ ,Ugj;J ,uz;lhf ,Ue;jhYk; eilKiwapy; mJ gpd;gw;wg;gLtjpy;iy. mwpKfNk ,y;yhj xU Njrj;jpy;> Kd; gpd; mwp e;jpuhj kf;fs; kj;jpapy;> ,Jtiu Nfl; buhj nkhop> gof;f tof;fq;fSf;F eLNt xU ngz; njhopy;Gupag; Nghfp d;whs; vd;why; mjw;F ve;jsT kdg; gf;Ftk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W Cfpf;f Kb Ak;. ,Ugj;J ,uz;L tajpy; $l kd jstpy; gf;Ftg;glhj ngz;fs; gyNgu; ek; ehl;by; ,Uf;fpd;wNghJ kpfTk; t- aJ Fiwe;j ngz;fis mtu;fspd; taijf; $l;b ngha;r; rhd;wpjo; nfh- Lj;J ntspehl;L Ntiyf;F mDg;gp itg;gJ kpfg; ngUk; jtwhFk;. ,t; thwhd kdg;gf;Ftj;ijf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;Ljhd; ,e;jpah Nghd;w ehLfs; njhopYf;fhf kj;jpa fpof;F ehLf Sf;Fr; nry;Yk; jk; ngz;fspd; Fiw e;j taJ Kg;gj;ije;J vd epu;z apj;Js;sd.
uprhdhtpd; jhahUld; rNfhjupfs;
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kj;jpa ag;NghFk ,yq;if gzpafj;j z;L thu w;rpnewpapd etPd kpd Nkw;nfhs whl tho thu;j;ijf w;Wtpf;fg;g dJ NkY ,uz;L t nry;Yk; , gapw;rp N ijf; $ tplaq;fs Jf;nfhs;s xd;W> Nk ehl;L kf tpsf;fTi iuf; fhl ,Uj;jy; mspf;fg;gl ak;> jw njhopy;Gu jdJ cl jd; ci jPq;Ffs;> gq;fs;> jd;idg; fs; gw;wpa Wj;jy;fS rpakhFk;.
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kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;F gzpGup ag;NghFk; ngz;fSf;fhd gapw;rpnewp ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpdhy; mspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,u z;L thuq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; ,g;gap w;rpnewpapd; NghJ rikay; Kiw> etPd kpd; ,af;ff; fUtpfspd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tPl;Lg; gzpfs;> md; whl tho;f;ifapy; gpuNahfpf;Fk; muG thu;j;ijfs; Nghd;wd gpujhdkhf gap w;Wtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,g;gapw;rp newpah dJ NkYk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,uz;L tUl xg;ge;jj;jpy; gzpGupar; nry;Yk; ,g;ngz;fSf;F ,uz;L thug; gapw;rp NghJkhdjy;y. gapw;rpf;fhyj; ijf; $l;LtNjhL Kf;fpakhd rpy tplaq;fs; ,g;gapw;rp newpapy; Nru;j; Jf;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mitfspy; xd;W> Nkw;$wg;gll; Kiwapyhd me; ehl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw gw;wpa tpsf;fTiuahFk;. ,t;tpsf;fkhdJ jp- iuf; fhl;rpfspd; %ykhd tpsf;fkhf ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. mLj;jjhf gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl Ntz;ba kpf Kf;fpa tpl ak;> jw;ghJfhg;gpidg; gw;wpajhFk;. njhopy;Guptjw;fhfr; nry;Yk; ehl;by; jdJ clYf;Nfh> capUf;Nfh my;yJ jd; cilikfSf;Nfh Vw;glf;$ba jPq;Ffs;> mit Vw;glf;$ba re;ju;g; gq;fs;> mt;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; jd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Kiw fs; gw;wpa tpupthd tpsf;fKk; mwpT Wj;jy;fSk; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gly; kpf mt rpakhFk;.
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mNefkhd kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; mq;F Ntiyf;Fr; nry;gtu;fspd; fl Tr;rPl;lhdJ mtu;fsJ njhopy; jUeu;f spdhy; vLj;Jitj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLtJ tof;fk;. ,t;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mf;flTr;rPl;bd; gpujp xd;iw jd;trk; itj;jpUg;gJ Ntiyf;Fr; nry;gtu;fs; xt;nthUtupdJk; flikahFk;. flTr; rPl;bd; gpujp khj;jpukd;wp> jdJ njhopy; rk;ge;jkhf ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G Kftu;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; xg;ge;j q;fspd; gpujpfisAk; jd;trk; ghJfh g;ghf itj;jpUg;gNjhL khj;jpuky;yhJ> jdf;F VJk; jPq;F my;yJ mePjp ,io f;fg;gl;L mjd; fhuzkhf me;ehl;bY s;s jdJ J}Jtuhyaj;jpw;Fg; ghJ fhg;G Njbr; nry;ifapy;> Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gpujpfis jd;trk; vLj;Jr; nry;yy;> jdf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpf;F vjpuhf vLf;fg;gLk; rl;l eltbf;iffSf;F ,- d;wpaikahj Mtzq;fshf mikAk;.
njhopy; epkpj;jk; jd; ehL tpl;L gpwehL nry;Yk; njhopyhspapd; ey d;fis me;ehl;bNy ghJfhf;fntd gy ru;tNjr rl;lq;fs; cs;sd. ru;tNjr njhopyhsu; xd;wpak;> ru;tNjr kd;dpg; Gr; rig (Amnesty International) Ngh- d;wit ,tw;wpw;fhfNt nraw;gLfp d;wd.
If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; kdpj cupikfs; ghJfhg;G cau;rigapd; nrayhsu; ehafj;jpdhy; 1990Mk; M- z;L brk;gu; khjk; gjpndl;lhk; jpfjp tiuag;gl;L mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l Mtz khdJ ntspehLfSf;F njhopy;Gupar; nry;gtu;fspd; eyid khj;jpuky;yhJ> mtu;fsJ FLk;g mq;fj;jtu; eyid Ak; rfy tpjj;jpYk; ghJfhg;gjhf mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
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,t;thW Njrpa uPjpahfTk; ru;tNjr uPjpahfTk; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g; igj; Njbr; nry;NthUf;F ghJfhg;G mspf;f gy rl;lq;fSk; tpjpKiwfSk; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ifapy;> mtw;iwg; gw;wpa mwptpidg; ngw;W jdpegu;fs; cl;gl midj;Jj;JiwfspYk; cs;s mjpfhupfSk; jk; flikfis nrt; tNd nra;thu;fshapd;> vjpu;fhyj;jpy; uprhdhf;fs; Nghd;w mg;ghtpg; ngz; fspd; gupjhg epiy njhluhky; jLf; fyhk;.
- rl;lj;juzp kupdh kd;R+u;
;
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ahu;
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Page 23
Mtzp 03> 2007
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Page 24
itfiw Dr. -24-
Neelan Tiruchelvam and the Tragedy of Tamils
Dr. Neelan Tiruchelvam was assassi- nated by the LTTE on July 29th 1999. Though eight years have passed his memory remains evergreen among all those who loved and admired him. This article was first published in two parts in the “Sunday Times” of Sep 12th and 19th , 1999. It was written originally in a bid to combat the cowardly attacks vilifying Neelan after his death. It is reproduced again as tribute to Neelan’s memory.
The ‘Tamil Times’ is a monthly journal being published in London from January 1982. It departed from tradition for the first time in 18 years and devoted the entire contents of its August issue towards the assassination of distinguished Tamil politi- cian Neelan Tiruchelvam.
Though not described as a memorial number the entire issue - apart from advertisements - published news items, comments and articles on Dr. Tiruchelvam’s death. Even the editorial was transformed into a miscellany of notable quotes about him. The cover too was a montage of Dr. Tiruchelvam’s images. In the dark cloud of silence that has enveloped mainstream Tamils after Dr. Tiruchelvam’s killing the deviant action of the Tamil Times stands out as a silver lining.
D.B.S. Jeyaraj
Ever since Dr. Tiruchelvam was brutal- ly assassinated on July 29 in Colombo the civilised world has been reacting in horror and disgust, messages of sympathy have been pouring in from all corners of the globe. US President Bill Clinton and first lady Hillary, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson, Canadian Foreign Minister Lloyd Azworthy, Australian Foreign Minister Graham Downer, Indian External Affairs Minister Jaswanth Singh are but some of the prominent personalities who have con- demned the killing and paid tribute to Dr. Tiruchelvam’s memory.
Organisations such as the Amnesty International, Minority Rights Group and International Commission of Jurists, too, have done so. What is remarkable about this is that Dr. Tiruchelvam was neither a head of state nor even a government min- ister. Only personalities of that ilk have been recipients of such accolades in the past.
The tributes paid by a cross section of the world’s eminent statespersons, politi- cal leaders, academics, human rights activists, scholars, jurists and intellectuals illustrate the multi- dimensional attributes of the remarkable person that was Neelan. The Tamil Times issue in that sense is a glowing testimony to the calibre of a gen- tle person whose death has evoked world- wide eulogies steeped in very high quality. This spontaneous response of a near uni- versal and greater nature however has to be juxtaposed with another reaction that is particular and to some extent lesser.
This response or non- response, whether contrived or otherwise is best illustrated by Nirupama Subramaniam’s perceptive report in the ‘Indian Express’ of August 3. She says, “Tiruchelvam’s
senseless killing may have outraged the
ambition world, but Sri Lanka’s Tamil community,
been cons which has mortgaged its soul to the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
A Tam remains unmoved and unprotesting. While
also plays there have been no calls from anyone in
This week the Tamil community except the former
media ho militant groups, specifically condemning
against D the LTTE for the killing, the justifications
ex-militan have begun”.
from a Ta tributed g Nirupama, who incidentally hails from
Tiruchelva Tamil Nadu in India, goes on to cite instances of this. Among these are details
Many of conversation among Tamils at a book
aligned launch in Wellawatte. This is what the
Bandaran Colombo Correspondent of the ‘Indian
Sinhala a Express’ wrote: “According to those pres-
her late h ent at the function many justified the killing
the Trots on the grounds that Dr. Tiruchelvam was
paign of p close to the government. The general feel-
Bandaran ing was that while alive Dr. Tiruchelvam
can be a made no positive contribution to the Tamil
Kondra’ in cause, and his death made no difference
assassin
“If only all those Tam who are well aware Dr. Tiruchelvam’s positive and dedicated
in the sphere of achiev Tamil rights dared to art
their feelings publicl
to the community, a lawyer present at the
Kynsey R function reported”.
Dr. Tiruch Tamil rea These sentiments allegedly expressed
Tiruchelv by sections of the Colombo Tamil commu-
been exte nity are indeed outrageously wrong and callously insensitive. They are however
What symptomatic of a deep-seated malaise
the situat that has afflicted the Sri Lankan Tamil
Tiruchelva community. While the silent majority
the Tamils among them remain overtly detached and
case befo non-committal, a vociferously vituperative
ing is bas minority continues to attack and character
truth. The assassinate a man who has already been
of their m assassinated.
oblivious lowed val In the case of Dr. Tiruchelvam one is
disgusting able to discern all the signs of blaming- the-victim syndrome and also, to borrow a
The a phrase from Indian commentator Praful
dead pers Bidwai, manifestations of ‘victimising the
the most victim’ itself. While he was alive Dr.
that the L Tiruchelvam was the pet target of direct
lished in P and indirect Tiger propaganda. Almost
ace a cri every Tiger organ within and outside Sri
public apo Lanka dished out venomous and hateful
ing the Ta news and comments about him. The LTTE
ill of the d poet laureate Puthuvai Rathinadurai writ- ing under the pseudonym Viyaasan wrote
The Ta hate poetry ceaselessly against him.
publishing Several others, including some Tiger fel-
about Dr. low travellers who had their petty pickaxes
The man to grind, also followed suit.
now being lessly. Tha Many persons with different motives
largest se hitched their wagons to the LTTE star. An
denigratin easy way to curry favour or avoid Tiger
defend him displeasure was to attack a vulnerable tar-
socio-cult get. The inoffensive democrat that he was
ty has sun Neelan Tiruchelvam fitted the bill. Thus
respect h the past four or five years have seen a
‘vocal Wa cacophony of diatribes against him. Most
ty. prominent among them was a distin- guished. Tamil politician whose lifelong
The va

Mtzp 03> 2007 eelan Tiruchelvam
exchanges and English journals have been publishing various articles criticising Dr. Tiruchelvam after his death. Some of these written by ‘prominent’ but not neces- he Tragedy of Tamils
sarily eminent Tamils have been collected as part of a single web page in the New York Tamil Sangam website. It is a good indicator to gauge the depths of depravity the Sri Lankan Tamils have descended to. All decent people will be appalled by the incredibly vitriolic attacks defiling the memory of an intellectual giant whose only aged the
ambition of being a Parliamentarian has
‘crime’ was to strive for a peaceful settle- mmunity,
been consistently rejected by Tamil voters.
ment. l to the (LTTE)
A Tamil tabloid published in Colombo
The New York Tamil Sangam is in ng. While
also plays a negative role in this regard.
many ways a front for the LTTE in the nyone in
This weekly led and continues to lead the
USA. Nevertheless the office bearers and e former
media hound pack in a vicious campaign
most members are acknowledged profes- demning
against Dr. Tiruchelvam. The king pin is an
sionals from the cream of Tamil society. tifications
ex-militant turned Tamil parliamentarian
Yet they are able to indulge in a vulgar from a Tamil party. This tabloid has con-
exhibition that offends all canons of tributed greatly towards undermining Dr.
decency. ails from
Tiruchelvam’s image among Tamils. to cite
Worse still are the motley crew of dem- re details
Many years ago before the LSSP
olition experts writing about Dr. t a book
aligned with the SLFP, Sirima
Tiruchelvam. They are supposedly mem- what the
Bandaranaike referred to N. M. Perera in
bers of the Sri Lankan Tamil elite. Some ‘Indian
Sinhala as the man who ‘nomaraa maru’
are alumni of Oxford and Cambridge; se pres-
her late husband. This was in reference to
some have dined and wined at the inns of the killing
the Trotskyite leader’s sustained cam-
Lincoln, Gray, Inner and Middle Temple; vam was
paign of political strikes against S.W.R.D
some have Ph.Ds from the prestigious eral feel-
Bandaranaike. Likewise this tabloid too
universities of the west. Yet they have all chelvam
can be accused in Tamil of ‘Kollaamal
like Caesar’s enemies ‘drawn their swords the Tamil
Kondra’ in the case of Neelan. The lone
separately to strike jointly’ in a revolting ifference
assassin standing at the Rosmead Place-
display of necrophobia.
only all those Tamils
A Tamil poet described them succinct- ly ‘Savathukku Mele Moothiram Peyyura o are well aware of
ngal’ (They are urninating on a corpse). What is deplorable about this sordid affair Dr. Tiruchelvam’s
is that many of these people are old Royalists and Thomians who knew Dr. ive and dedicated role
Tiruchelvam personally and had at various times obtained favours from him too. e sphere of achieving
One’s disgust increases even more ights dared to articulate
when these Tamil websites pat them- selves on their backs by publishing con- ir feelings publicly!
gratulatory responses from readers over the articles published.
These responding readers range from nt at the
Kynsey Road intersection destroyed only
retired UN experts to nuclear scientists, Dr. Tiruchelvam’s body. But as far as the
from Catholic priests to university lectur- Tamil reading public was concerned Dr.
ers. How is it that such ‘educated’ people xpressed
Tiruchelvam’s political reputation had
subjected to the emancipator aspects of l commu-
been exterminated before.
modern Western society and claiming to rong and
be the legatee of an ancient and honor- however
What is repugnantly repulsive about
able culture violate the basic tenets of malaise
the situation is that the vilification of Dr.
decent conduct? an Tamil
Tiruchelvam continues among sections of majority
the Tamils even after his death. As was the
It is almost as if impelled by a desire to ched and
case before his death most of this malign-
ingratiate themselves with their masters, uperative
ing is based on a wholesale distortion of
the LTTE, each one is standing up to be character
truth. The Tamil people who like to boast
counted by the Tigers as having approved ady been
of their millennia old cultural legacy seem
their action. In a bid to ingratiate with the oblivious to the fact that one of their hal-
LTTE, the diatribe authors are competing lowed values is being violated in the most
among themselves, too. One of them has m one is
disgusting way.
published his ‘masterpiece’ as a glossy blaming-
booklet and is distributing it free by post to borrow a
The age old custom of not vilifying a
sections of the Tamil Diaspora. or Praful
dead person is being flouted flagrantly in ising the
the most foul manner. It must be noted
In contrast to this gutter sniping is the live Dr.
that the LTTE weekly ‘Eelamurasu’ pub-
conspicuous public silence of other of direct
lished in Paris too was constrained to pref-
Tamils. Except for a few, most Tamils have . Almost
ace a critique of Dr. Tiruchelvam with a
neither condemned the killing nor expr tside Sri
public apology to the readers for dishonor-
essed their appreciation of Dr. Tiruc hel- d hateful
ing the Tamil cultural tradition of speaking
vam openly. It is this ‘deafening silence’ he LTTE
ill of the dead.
that is being interpreted by certain ele- urai writ-
ments as a ’sanction’ of the assassination. an wrote
The Tamil tabloid in Colombo has been
The truth however is that as Nirupama nst him.
publishing despicable news and views
Subramaniam expresssed it well “Tamil Tiger fel-
about Dr. Tiruchelvam after his death too.
souls have been mortgaged to the LTTE”. pickaxes
The man who was assassinated brutally is
In many cases it is a mortal fear of the now being character assassinated relent-
LTTE that has contributed to this non- lessly. That a paper which claims to be the
committal behaviour. motives
largest selling Tamil weekly can go on star. An
denigrating a dead person who cannot
There have been several instances of oid Tiger
defend himself speaks volumes about the
people condemning the killing in private rable tar-
socio-cultural morass the Tamil communi-
but not daring to say so in public. Some t he was
ty has sunk into. The abysmal nadir in this
who have been critical about the killing ill. Thus
respect however has been reached by
when conversing with trusted confidantes seen a
‘vocal Warriors’ of upper crust Tamil socie-
have performed somersaults publicly. In im. Most
ty.
our villages there is a habit of not mention- a distin- lifelong
The various pro-LTTE websites, e-mail
See Page 25


Page 25
Mtzp 03> 2007 Dr.Neelan
From Page 24
ing the snake or devil by name. This is because of the fear that some harm would befall them as these personify evil. Similarly the Tamil psyche too does not dare mention the LTTE by name let alone criticise it. The naive belief is that by avoiding public comments against the LTTE they could ward off possible danger from it. If only all those Tamils who are well aware of Dr. Tiruchelvam’s positive and dedicated role in the sphere of achieving Tamil rights dared to articulate their feel- ings publicly!
What a qualitative difference it would make to the current climate. But no, the evil within exerts a stranglehold on the col- lective vocal chords of the community. So Dr. Tiruchelvam’s detractors are able to create and promote the impression that he was a traitor who had to be eliminated.
The assassination of Dr. Tiruchelvam and its aftermath serve to portray vividly the totalitarian hold exercised by the LTTE over the collective conscience of the Tamil community. An entity with neo - fascist ten- dencies and is accountable to none has appropriated the leadership of the Tamil people. The right to express a different viewpoint let alone dissent is effectively tabooed. Again what a vortex the commu- nity has been sucked into.
The majority of Sri Lankan Tamils are Saivites. The right of dissent is an age old Saivite Tamil tradition.
One of the great ‘Thiruvilaiaadals’ (Great Divine Feats) by Lord Siva pertains to Nakkeeran the Madurai poet who com- posed the ‘Tirumurugaattuppadai’. There arose a doubt in the mind of the Pandyan King as to whether the fragrance of his queen’s hair was natural or artificial. Lord Siva in an avatar wrote a stanza saying it was natural. The King concurred. But Nakkeeeran the head of the Tamil Sangham or Academy objected. He said it was artificial. Lord Siva began arguing with Nakkeeran and finally revealed him- self and expected submission from the poet.
But Nakkeeran refused and continued to say Lord Siva’s opinion was wrong. Then Lord Siva threatened to open his third eye in the forehead and burn Nakkeeran. Still Nakkeeran was unrelent- ing saying ‘Nettrikkann Thirappinum Kuttram Kuttrame’ (Even if you open your third eye your opinion is wrong). An angry Siva burnt him to ashes but later relented and resurrected Nakkeeran restoring him to grace.
The Nakkeeran episode has come to represent the courageous tradition of dis- sent within the Tamil ethos. Today like many other things the tradition and right of dissent too have been exploded by the barbaric hordes masquerading as Tamil saviours.
Given the tremendous transnational condemnation over Dr. Tiruchelvam’s killing, it is easy to discern why the LTTE and its minions have to keep on character assassinating the man even after killing him. These attempts though despicable are in a sense feebly pathetic. Even as tor- rents of enlightened world opinion pour down in condemnation of the LTTE, a small group tries hard to vilify Dr. Tiruchelvam and justify his killing. Again this will succeed to a limited extent only among certain shades of Tamil opinion.
Subramaniya Bharathy the great Tamil poet of early twentieth century when glori- fying the Tamil language sang ‘Maraiv aaga Namakkul Palangkathaigal Pesei Payanillai, Thiramaana Pulamaienil Velin aattar Athai Vanakkam Seithal Vendum’
(There is no use in talking about past mat- ters among ourselves, if possessing merit it must be praised by foreigners) .
Although this was in reference to the merits of Tamil, it also applies to Neelan Tiruchelvam and his Tamil detractors. Wh- ile these so- called pseudo nationalist Tamils character-assassinate Tiruchelvam within the Tamils, International opinion that matters continues to respect and honour his life and work.
Contrary to the viewpoint that he worked against Tamil interests, Tiruchelvam was a man who had dedicat- ed himself to the upliftment of the Tamils and the redressing of their grievances. Only unlike many of his abrasive and chauvinist kinsfolk he possessed a larger vision which realised that the ultimate
well-being of the Sri Lankan Tamils was possible only in a united but not necessar- ily unitary Sri Lanka where all communi- ties including that of his own could co-exist in a climate of peace, amity and harmony with justice, equality and dignity.
Despite being maligned by extremist sections on both sides of the ethnic divide he strove relentlessly to achieve this goal until a misguided suicide bomber cut short a fruitful life on that fateful day.
It would indeed be a grave error for Tamils to feel that Tiruchelvam was not concerned about the Tamil plight or depict his principled issue-based support to the Kumaratunga regime’s endeavour at Constitutional reform as a collaborative act.
He was a moderate in terms of his adherence to democratic principles and abhorrence of violence. A salient aspect of his political philosophy was illustrated dur- ing his speech in Parliament on June 15 this year, opposing Capital Punishment.
He said “I would like to express my strong moral opposition to this measure.... we cannot glorify death, whether in the battlefield or otherwise. We on the other hand must celebrate life and are fiercely committed to protecting and securing the sanctity of life, which is the most funda- mental value without which all other rights and freedoms become meaningless.”
This principled opposition to the poli- tics of death, displacement and despair certainly did not make him a devotee of what is now described as the dominant mode of the Tamil political struggle.
By his courageous and honest refusal to pay lip service to the so called armed struggle Tiruchelvam placed himself in the unenviable position of being perceived by the proponents of Tamil virulence as an opponent of Tamil rights. Of course other Tamil elements with their own petty axes to grind promoted this perception and pro- jected Neelan in a negative light.
The crux of the matter is that Tiruchelvam was certainly not a moderate when it came to Tamil rights. By character, training and inclination he chose Constitutional reform as the mode of
achieving
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past mat- ing merit .
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achieving it.
Ranging from the time he wrote a dis- senting report to the conclusions of the Victor Tennekoon Commission on Devolution to his efforts at Constitution making in association with the People’s Alliance Government he has never ever compromised on the fundamental rights of the Tamils.
He was a Constitutionalist but like the founding fathers of the USA, a revolution- ary constitutionalist. The Tamil pseudo- nationalists criticising the draft constitution as a ’sell out of the Tamils’ are yet to pres- ent a coherent and effective critique on those lines. The draft in its original form was a path breaking exercise amounting to quasi- federalism in the entire South Asian region.
On the other hand the mirror images of the Tamil hawks within the Sinhala com- munity seem to have identified the Constitution in the making as a potential threat to Sinhala chauvinist hegemony in the Island and until the time of his death were bitterly critical of Tiruchelvam. A point lost on his Tamil detractors.
Unlike many prominent Tamils who seem wittingly or unwittingly oblivious to the tragic Tamil predicament Tiruchelvam was a man very much concerned about it.
Since political hypocrisy was not one of his attributes Tiruchelvam realised that the establishment of Tamil Eelam was nei- ther desirable nor attainable. The pursuit of such a mirage through a violent com- paign could only result in long term misery for the Tamils he felt.
The fact that the arena of conflict was primarily the Northern and Eastern Provinces meant hardship and suffering of
the highest order for the Tamils. Besides he was very worried about the dispersal of the Tamil community from their areas of historic habitation and their consequent relocation to other parts of the world.
‘It is this permanent migration that would be the most detrimental factor to the well-being of the Tamils in Sri Lanka’ was a constant comment of his. A reduction of numbers would result in diminished politi- cal importance he felt. In that context a let- ter by former Central Bank Governor N.U. Jayawardena that was published in a Colombo newspaper some time ago is rel- evant.
Mr. Jayawardene in that pointed out two things. First he said that the Sri Lankan population would achieve zero growth by 2025 and stabilise itself. Second given the current rate of Sri Lankan Tamil outward migration its popu- lation percentage at that time would be only 1.9%. As such it would become a ‘Manageable minority’ was NUJ’s conclu- sion.
The drastic long term effect of the con- flict on the Sri Lankan Tamils is something that is either not realised or willfully ignored by the ‘Vocal Warriors’ of the Tamil Eelam armed struggle. The question of whether the LTTE will win or lose the war becomes irrelevant in a situation where the Tamil population itself would become a feeble entity as it is already becoming.
Those who proclaim triumphantly from their safe abodes overseas that the LTTE cannot be militarily defeated must ask themselves whether such a possibility falls within the objectives of their so called ‘enemy’. The longer the conflict rages on the more the economy of the Tamil areas
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See Page 26


Page 26
-26- itfiw Dr.Neelan
From Page 25
decline. Population decreases. In the final analysis the Tamil war that began with a bang will decay into a pathetic whimper.
There was also the factor of geopoliti- cal reality that was against the birth of a Tamil state on the Island. However much the sacrifice and valour of the Tigers there was just no way they could achieve their goal in the long run. For these reasons and more Neelan Tiruchelvam was among those actively involved in trying to get the war suspended.
He was also working diligently behind the scenes to get the government to resume talks with the LTTE. Tiruchelvam felt that only third party facilitation initially and subsequent mediation would suc- ceed. This view that the war should end and talks with the Tigers should be initiat- ed did not endear him to many sections of the government.
This coupled with his uncompromising stance on constitutional issues like chang- ing the unitary structure of the state led to deteriorating relations between him and the upper echelons of the current regime. After his death many government figures are painting a glossy yet untrue picture of
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the situation that prevailed.
Tiruchelvam wanted talks between the government and LTTE for another reason too. He was realistic enough to know that the major player on the Tamil side was the LTTE. Because of their destructive capac- ity only the Tigers possessed bargaining clout that could extract maximum rights for the Tamils at the bargaining table he felt.
Besides there was a humane aspect too. Though he did not agree with their aims or methods Tiruchelvam had a great deal of compassion and sympathy for the young cadres of the LTTE sacrificing themselves on the altar of Eelam. ‘It was a needless waste of young lives for an unwinnable cause’ he felt.
Although he has been demonised as a Tamil traitor working against the LTTE, history will record in the future that such charges were way off the mark. Although many Tamils are unable to see it now there will come a time when posterity will acknowledge and realise the value and importance of Neelan’s current role.
The allegations made by Tamil sec- tions against Tiruchelvam can be effec- tively countered only with the passage of time. In an environment where enlight-
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Nevertheless the fact remains that though the man was a citizen of the world
he was rooted in the Tamil ethos. It would have been simple and indeed safer for him to ignore the Tamil plight and involve him- self with other issues. Nevertheless he remained concerned and tried in every way possible to prescribe a political reme- dy that would cure the malady.
It is therefore necessary that attempts ween the
be made to salvage his unfairly tarnished r reason
reputation among the Tamils. A start could now that
be made perhaps by publishing the vari- was the
ous Parliamentary Speeches he made e capac-
and the memoranda he wrote on behalf of argaining
the Tamils. Also his role in Tamil politics rights for
should be placed in proper perspective. he felt.
Neelan Tiruchelvam’s loss is irreplace- e aspect
able and his life cannot be redeemed. But ith their
what can be done is to redeem his tar- d a great
nished name among sections of the Tamil y for the
people. acrificing . ‘It was a
The bard of Avon in his immortal clas- s for an
sic dramatises the eloquent oratory of Mark Anthony. Though Brutus and his cohorts had influenced public opinion to ised as a
revile Julius Caesar, Anthony reverses the e LTTE,
situation through adressing the people in hat such
that famous oration which begins: Although
‘Friends, Romans, Countrymen’ e it now terity will
Likewise the good name of Neelan has alue and
to be salvaged and restored for posterity. le.
This is the least that can be done for this gentle and noble soul who was indeed mil sec-
goodness personified while living. be effec- ssage of
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Page 27
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Page 30
-30- itfiw The Limits of State Sovereig
The Responsibility to Protect in the 21st C
Eighth Neelam Tiruchelvam Memorial Lecture by Gareth Eva International Crisis Group, International Centre for Ethnic St Colombo, 29 July 2007
Today more than ever, on this eighth anniversary of his assassination, Sri Lankans and those in the wider interna- tional community need to remember and be re-inspired by Neelan Tiruchelvam's life and achievements. While we can no longer benefit directly from his remarkable intelligence and learning, his boundless energy, his political commitment, and his optimism, we do still have his spirit living among us in the ideas and institutions he gave us, and in the example he set for us of an engaged intellectual and a principled politician.
Neelan was an extraordinary institu- tion builder. The best known of those he helped found are our host institution tonight, the International Centre for Ethnic Studies (ICES), so ably and imaginatively now led by Dr Rama Mani, and the Law and Society Trust (LST) — both of which continue to make their intellectual and political mark not only in Sri Lanka and South Asia, but across the globe. Beyond that Neelan played an important role in creating the Official Languages Commission, the Human Rights Task Force and later the Human Rights Commission, as well of course as his own distinguished law firm, Tiruchelvam Associates, now led by his wife Sithie. His ability to build and maintain institutions was the product not only of good ideas and hard work but also of his ability to inspire others — particularly young people — to see, believe in, and work for other- wise hidden possibilities.
Of course the institutions he believed above all worth building were effective, decent states — protecting the rights and interests of all their peoples, with conflicts and disputes being resolved through law, democratic process and effective govern- ment structures, not violence. Probably best known internationally as a brilliant constitutional lawyer, Neelan was closely involved in constitution-making processes in Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, and Nepal, but above all he will be remembered as a cen- tral architect of the then Sri Lankan gov- ernment's groundbreaking constitutional proposals of the mid- and late-1990s, which while unhappily never ratified, con- tinue to inspire hope that a consensus on a just constitutional and political settle- ment is, in fact, within reach should only the political will be there.
Neelan knew that political will is never waiting in a cupboard to be found: it has to be nurtured and generated, campaigned for persistently and relentlessly. He was an impressive scholar — with academic interests and writings spanning a remark- able range of topics from South Asian cul- ture and ethnicity, to gender, political theo- ry and of course constitutional law. But he refused to limit himself to mere scholar- ship, believing the obvious risks and chal- lenges of politics were necessary for the ideas he believed in to be brought to life, to be made real in people's lives. And it was his willingness to engage in electoral politics as a member of the TULF and his work in parliament and through other gov- ernment mechanisms that ultimately, trag- ically for him, his family and all of us, cost him his life.
There is one other celebrated aspect
of Neelan Tiruchelvam's life and character that is directly relevant to my main topic tonight, and that is his cosmopolitanism. Neelan's sense of community and attach- ment went beyond ethnicity, beyond reli- gion, beyond nation, and beyond region. He didn't ignore or reject any of those par- ticular attachments in the name of an empty universality, but rather attempted to connect them all in a more vibrant, inte- grated, and just whole. He argued that
developing states not only had something to learn from the richer, developed states but also something to teach them, arguing for instance, that the individualist dis- course of human rights born in the West "needs to be enriched by explicit reference to the religious and cultural traditions of South Asia." And he argued strongly, too, that it was only if Western states them- selves actively tried to live up to their own professed principles, and applied them in evenhanded ways, that their concern with human rights in non-Western countries could begin to be taken seriously.
Approaching issues in this integrated way, confident of the contributions his own country and culture and region could make to wider international discourse, led Neelan to have no fear of international involvement designed to assist countries like his own extricate themselves from particular crises, or cycles of violence and counter-violence in which they seemed to be trapped. What mattered was whether that involvement was not only effective, but principled and consistent.
II
This leads directly into my subject tonight: the limits of state sovereignty, and the proper role of the international com- munity in responding to catastrophic human rights violations — genocide and other mass killing, large-scale ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity — occurring within the boundaries of a single country. There is a widespread concern that involvement of countries in the affairs of others, and in particular the involvement of developed countries in the internal affairs of developing ones, has not always been principled or consistent in the past.
It is an ar of the glob UN Charte ing prohib should au essentially of any Sta
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independe era — sta new ident their fragi the non-in few defen sures fro actors see nomic and
But th anything t had a terr to a head response shocking erupted in — most h in 1994, f able defau Over and to cry out tional co incomplet all. And w started al and the in intervene have, it di Security C ened vet questions internation
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its of State Sovereignty:
Protect in the 21st Century
cture by Gareth Evans, President, Centre for Ethnic Studies (ICES) ,
See Page 33
Mtzp 03> 2007
character ain topic litanism. d attach- ond reli- d region. ose par- e of an mpted to ant, inte- ued that
omething ed states , arguing alist dis- the West eference itions of ngly, too, es them- their own them in cern with countries .
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tives this was a noble and effective rallying cry — with a particular resonance in the global North — around the rest of the world it enraged as many as it inspired. On the other side, equally vehemently claims, It is an article of faith around a good deal
mostly coming from the global South, of the global South that Article 2 (7) of the
were made about the primacy and contin- UN Charter is to be read as an all-embrac-
ued resonance of the concept of national ing prohibition when it says that "Nothing
sovereignty. Battle lines were drawn, should authorise intervention in matters
trenches were dug, and verbal missiles essentially within the domestic jurisdiction
flew: the debate was intense and very bit- of any State".
ter, and the 1990s finished with it utterly unresolved in the UN or anywhere else. It is understandable that sovereignty should be a very sensitive subject indeed
UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan at with the many states who gained their
one stage made his own effort to resolve the conceptual impasse at the heart of this debate by arguing that national sovereign- ty had to be weighed and balanced in these cases against individual sovereign- ty, as recognised in the international human rights instruments. But this fell on deaf ears, being seen not so much as resolving the dilemma of intervention but restating it. In his report to the General Assembly in 2000, the Secretary-General brought the issue to a very public head, saying in language that was both moving and agitated, and which resonates to this day: If humanitarian intervention is indeed an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Sebrenica, to gross and systematic viola- tions of human rights?
The task of meeting this challenge fell, in the event, to International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), sponsored by the Canadian Government, which I had the privilege of co-chairing, along with the Algerian diplo- mat and veteran UN Africa adviser Mohamed Sahnoun. We presented our independence during the decolonisation
report, entitled The Responsibility to era — states in all cases proud of their
Protect, at the end of 2001. The new identity, in many cases conscious of
Commission made what are generally their fragility, and generally inclined to see
now acknowledged to be two critical con- the non-intervention norm as one of their
ceptual contributions to resolving this few defences against threats and pres-
increasingly ugly and sterile debate. sures from more powerful international actors seeking to promote their own eco- nomic and political interests.
The first was to invent a new way of talking about 'humanitarian intervention'. We sought to turn the whole weary — and But the trouble with this approach, like
increasingly ugly — debate about the 'right anything taken to extremes, is that it has
to intervene' on its head, and to recharac- had a terrible downside, one which came
terise it not as an argument about the to a head in the 1990s in the international
'right' of states to anything, but rather response to the series of conscience-
about their 'responsibility' — one to protect shocking man-made catastrophes that
people at grave risk: the relevant perspec- erupted in the Balkans and Central Africa
tive, we argued, was not that of prospec- — most horribly the genocide in Rwanda
tive interveners but those needing sup- in 1994, followed by the almost unbeliev-
port. The searchlight was swung back able default in Srebrenica just a year later.
where it should always be: on the need to Over and again, when situations seemed
protect communities from mass killing and to cry out for some response, the interna-
ethnic cleansing, women from systematic tional community reacted erratically,
rape and children from starvation. We very incompletely, counterproductively or not at
much had in mind the power of new ideas, all. And when killing and ethnic cleansing
or old ideas newly expressed, to actually started all over again in Kosovo in 1999,
change the behaviour of key policy actors. and the international community did in fact
And a model we very much had in mind in intervene militarily as it probably should
this respect was the Brundtland Commi- have, it did so without the authority of the
ssion, which a few years earlier had intro- Security Council in the face of a threat-
duced the concept of 'sustainable devel- ened veto by Russia, raising anxious
opment' to bridge the huge gap which then questions about the integrity of the whole
existed between developers and environ- international security system.
mentalists. With a new script, the actors have to change their lines, and think The great debate throughout the
afresh about what the real issues in the 1990s was about the competing claims of
play actually are. intervention and state sovereignty. One side of the argument was the concept,
The second big conceptual contribu- coined by Bernard Kouchner, the founder
tion of the Commission, linked with the of Medicines Sans Frontier and now
first, was to insist upon a new way of talk- France's Foreign Minister, of 'droit
ing about sovereignty itself: we argued, d'ingérence' — the 'right to intervene', or,
building on an earlier formulation by more fully, the 'right of humanitarian inter-
Francis Deng (the Sudanese scholar and vention'. But while, from many perspec-


Page 31
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From Page 34
-M. R. Narayan Swamy
GRIEF: It is tough to be a widow. Tougher if the husband is gunned down at your home. Worse, if the frail man had been actually wondering how to cope if his wife died before him. A fortnight after sus- pected Tamil Tigers killed Ketheshwaran Loganathan, his wife of 28 years is still in shock.
LIFELONG PARTNER: Kethesh Loganathan’s wife Bhawani lovingly puts on the spectacles he regularly wore before his remains were taken for cremation.
Bhawani Loganathan, 56, breaks down as she recalls the fears Kethesh, as he was popularly known, had voiced bare- ly 10 days before his Aug 12 murder about his many ailments that included failing hearing, weak eyesight and an irritable bowel syndrome that had never spared him since childhood.
"How will I manage if you go away before me?' he had asked me one day,' said a sobbing Bhawani, speaking over
the telephone from her Colombo home. 'And I never thought that such a thing would happen, and so soon.'
It was about 10 p.m. on Aug 12 when some men appeared at their Colombo home and called him out. He stepped out warily - and was shot dead.
Bhawani remembers that Saturday night, but recovers quickly and speaks highly of the man she fell in love with about three decades ago in Jaffna and who slowly graduated from a hardcore Tamil militant to eventually become the deputy in the Sri Lankan peace secretari- at. 'He was a man of courage and he believed in certain values,' says Bhawani.
gerated nationalism, which denies the person- ality of others, has been allowed to fall into the spiral of death and violence and destruction. the central question in Sri Lankan politics for
That is the spiral that we must break. And it is the entire 20th century. How to create a coun-
in honouring the memory of Kethesh try that reflects pluralism, that reflects diversi-
Loganathan, that we go on to recognize the ty, that reflects the differences, that reflects the
need to build a better world. A world in which collective personalities of Tamils, of Hill
everyone’s personality is recognized and a Country Tamils, of Muslims, of Sinhalese.
world in which everyone’s unique and collec- And that gets rid of this pathology of an exces-
tive personality is recognized. sive nationalism which never recognises the dignity and the difference and the personality
I don’t think it is an exaggeration to say of the other.
that politics in Sri Lanka has become addicted to violence. The outside world has gotten used In the 20th century, the great conflicts
to lethargy. And indifference has become an which took place were often between empires
addiction as well. These are all the things that and between countries. In our century, the
must change. great conflicts are inside countries, in Sudan, in Rwanda and Sri Lanka. And so we have this
My dear friend, you died believing in the terrible tragedy of people who have grown up
possibility, and indeed the need for peace. side by side, whose children played together in
Those of us who you left behind, must live the schoolyards, whose lives were intertwined.
with the same beliefs for which you died. And who because of this pathology of exag-
Thank you. A widow remembers
'I did fear for him after he joined the peace secretariat. I never thought it will happen at home,' she adds, referring to the killing blamed on gunmen from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Like in many such incidents, the LTTE has not accepted responsibility. Kethesh began his political career as an activist of the Left-leaning Eelam People's Revol utionary Liberation Front (EPRLF), was its long-time spokesperson and passionately opposed the LTTE. But he took no part in the India-backed, EPRLF-led administra- tion in Sri Lanka's northeast in 1987-90.
He took a fellowship in Norway in the 1990s and then lived in New Delhi for two years. He quit the group in 1994, dabbled in journalism and then took to more schol- arly pursuits.
Kethesh and Bhawani had no children. Both were voracious readers, in Tamil and English, and led private lives, never host- ing any parties and going to one only if it was a must. He was 54 when he was killed - two years junior to her. Early this year he quit a think tank to join the Sri Lankan government's peace secretariat, a move some friends felt was a mistake, since the body plays a key role in Colombo's campaign against the Tigers.
But despite the dangers the new job posed, Kethesh politely declined to accept any security from the government that is now locked in a virtual war against the LTTE.
Bhawani, who has two brothers and a sister, recalls fondly the many years she spent in Tamil Nadu as a hospital employ- ee and a state she now plans to visit to scatter Kethesh's ashes in the Hindu holy towns of Rameswaram and Kanyakumari. We had money problems but I spent my time treating patients. Nobody in the hos- pital treated me differently though I was a foreigner. I was treated like one of them. I will go there next month with his ashes.'
Life is not easy now. She takes homoeopathy medicines to relax. The telephone receiver is kept off the hook during nights and afternoons so she can sleep undisturbed. But she has resumed her reading habit and is hopeful of pulling through as a library consultant.
There is one gift Kethesh has left behind that she immensely treasures - a volume of the Hindu epic Bhagavad Gita, authored by Swami Chinmayananda. 'He used to read it at night before sleeping. It is with me. It is immortal.'
New Delhi, Aug 27.06 (IANS)


Page 42
Mtzp 03> 2007 The Limits
From Page 30
diplomat now named by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon as his Special Adviser for the Prevention of Genocide and Mass Atrocities) that its essence should now be seen not as 'control', as in the centuries-old Westphalian tradition, but, again, as 'responsibility'. The starting point is that any state has the primary responsibility to protect the individuals within it. But that is not the finishing point: where the state fails in that responsibility, through either incapacity or ill-will, a sec- ondary responsibility to protect falls on the wider international community. That, in a nutshell, is the core of the responsibility to protect idea, or 'R2P' as we are all now calling it for short.
After laying these foundations, the Commission spelled out what the respon- sibility to protect should mean in practice. Certainly it means reacting effectively in situations where genocide, ethnic cleans- ing, war crimes and crimes against humanity are currently occurring or immi- nent. But it also means preventing situa- tions, not yet at that conscience-shocking stage but capable of reaching it, from so deteriorating. And it means rebuilding societies shattered by such catastrophes to ensure they do not recur.
The action required by R2P is over- whelmingly, preventive: building state capacity, remedying grievances and ensuring the rule of law. But if prevention fails, R2P requires whatever measures — economic, political, diplomatic, legal, security, or in the last resort military — become necessary to stop mass atrocity crimes occurring.
As to who should in practice bear the responsibility in question, for individual states, R2P means in the first instance the responsibility to protect their own citizens from such crimes, and to help other states build their capacity to do so. For interna- tional organisations, including the United Nations, R2P means the responsibility to warn, to generate effective preventive strategies, and when necessary to mobilise effective reaction. For civil socie- ty groups, R2P means the responsibility to force the attention of policy-makers on what needs to be done, by whom and when.
It is one thing to develop a concept like the responsibility to protect, but quite another to get any policy maker to take any notice of it. The most interesting thing about the Responsibility to Protect report is the way its central theme has continued to gain traction internationally, even though it was almost suffocated at birth by being published in December 2001, in the immediate aftermath of 9/11, and by the massive international preoccupation with terrorism, rather than internal human rights catastrophes, which then began.
In just five short years, a remarkably brief time in the history of ideas, the responsibility to protect concept evolved from a gleam in an international commis- sion’s eye, to what now has the pedigree to be described as a broadly accepted international norm, and one with the potential to evolve further into a rule of customary international law.
The concept was first seriously embraced in the doctrine of the newly emerging African Union, and over the next two to three years it won quite a con- stituency among academic commentators and international lawyers. But the big step forward came with the UN 60th Anniversary World Summit in September 2005, which followed a major preparatory effort involving the report of the 2004 High Level Panel on new security threats (of which I was, rather conveniently, a mem-
ber) which fed in turn into a major report
diplomacy by the Secretary-General himself. Both
leaders, i these reports emphatically embraced the
Canadian responsibility to protect concept, and the Summit Outcome Document, unanimously
In my agreed by the more than 150 heads of
become fa state and government present and meet-
gestions ing as the UN General Assembly, unam-
number o biguously picked up their core recommen-
and not dations.
Lanka — pared to A further important conceptual devel-
R2P lang opment has occurred since the
been less September 2005 Summit: the adoption by
in the Wo the Security Council in April last year of a
R2P, I ha thematic resolution on the Protection of
like to rec Civilians in Armed Conflict which contains,
humanitar in an operative paragraph, an express
means fo reaffirmation of the World Summit conclu-
ticular the sions relating to the responsibility to pro-
nal affairs tect. And we have now begun to see that
to say tha resolution in turn now being invoked in
to this ext subsequent specific situations, as with
back whe Resolution 1706 of 31 August 2006 on
office in N Darfur. A General Assembly resolution
versation may be helpful, as the World Summit’s
head of m unquestionably was, in identifying relevant
Arab-Islam principles, but the Security Council is the
cept of th institution that matters when it comes to
not exist executive action. And at least a toehold
imperialis there has now been carved.
What But, for those of us who believe in
there so m R2P, this is just about where the good
principle news ends. We are deluding ourselves if
others to think the battle is won, in the sense that
capable o when the next R2P situation comes along,
a practica involving large-scale killing, or ethnic
anything t cleansing, or other crimes against human-
set — to ity, or all of the above, within a sovereign
Neelan T state's borders — as surely some such sit-
cent, civil
Of course the institutions he
above all worth building wer tive, decent states — protec rights and interests of all th ples, with conflicts and disput
resolved through law, dem process and effective gover structures, not violenc
uation will, some time, some where, and
these kind maybe sooner than we think — there real-
get this de ly will be a shared, instinctive, reflex glob-
erate the al response. A response not only of horror
ing issue that something which we have all said
mass atro should happen 'never again' is in fact hap- pening again. But a response which
I think makes something happen — mobilising
and clear effective international action to actually
standings stop the threat.
extent ev prevalent As someone who has been speaking and writing on this subject around the
Misun world for several years now, I have been
R2P is o well aware that the consensus reached at
that it is 's the World Summit was based on fairly
tarian inte fragile foundations. In 2005, a fierce rear-
the case, guard action was fought, almost to the
often. R2P last, by a small group of developing coun-
tive preve tries, joined by Russia, who basically
situations refused to concede any kind of limitation
into mass on the full and untrammelled exercise of
large-scal state sovereignty, however irresponsible
bringing to that exercise might be. What carried the
tive respo day in the end was not so much consistent
and econ support from the EU and U.S. — support
vent is ve which after the invasion of Iraq in 2003
quite apa was not particularly helpful, it has to be
communit acknowledged, when it came to meeting
internation these familiar sovereignty concerns. The
its preven support that mattered, rather, was persist-
countries ent advocacy by sub-Saharan African
138 of countries, led by South Africa; a clear —
Documen and historically quite significant — embrace of limited-sovereignty principles by the key Latin American countries; and some very effective last minute personal
Each i bility to pr cide, war

-33- itfiw
jor report elf. Both aced the and the nimously heads of nd meet- y, unam- commen-
al devel- ce the option by year of a ection of contains, express it conclu- y to pro- see that voked in as with 2006 on esolution Summit’s relevant cil is the omes to toehold
elieve in the good rselves if nse that es along, r ethnic t human- overeign such sit-
ere, and ere real- flex glob- of horror all said fact hap- e which obilising actually
speaking und the ve been ached at on fairly rce rear- st to the ing coun- basically limitation ercise of ponsible rried the onsistent support in 2003 as to be meeting rns. The s persist- African clear — cant — rinciples ries; and personal
diplomacy with major wavering-country
crimes against humanity. This responsibil- leaders, including India in particular, by
ity entails the prevention of such crimes, Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin.
including their incitement, through appro- priate and necessary means. The interna- In my travels since 2005, I have
tional community should as appropriate become fairly accustomed to hearing sug-
encourage and help States to exercise gestions from the representatives of a
that responsibility. number of countries, not least in Asia — and not excluding diplomats from Sri
So does Paragraph 139 of the docu- Lanka — that while they had not been pre-
ment, in which the world's leaders said, pared to break consensus and oppose
again unanimously: R2P language outright in 2005, they had been less than pleased to see its inclusion
We also intend to commit ourselves, in the World Summit Outcome Document.
as necessary and appropriate, to helping R2P, I have been told more often than I
States build capacity to protect their popu- like to recall, is simply another name for
lations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic humanitarian intervention, providing a
cleansing and crimes against humanity means for powerful countries, and in par-
and to assisting those which are under ticular the West, to intervene in the inter-
stress before crises and conflicts break nal affairs of smaller countries. But I have
out. to say that, even having been immunised to this extent, I was more than a little taken back when the head of the Crisis Group office in New York reported to me a con- versation two weeks ago, in which the head of mission of a major country in the Arab-Islamic world said to him: 'The con- cept of the responsibility to protect does not exist except in the minds of Western imperialists'.
Of course there will be situations when prevention fails, and reaction becomes necessary. But reaction does not have to mean military reaction: it can involve polit- ical and diplomatic economic and legal pressure, all measures which can them- selves each cross the spectrum from per- suasive to intrusive, and from less to more coercive — something which is true of mil- itary capability as well. As the ICISS What has gone wrong here? Why is
Commission insisted, 'the exercise of the there so much continuing resistance to a
responsibility to both prevent and react principle which has seemed to so many
should always involve less intrusive and others to be an important breakthrough,
coercive measures being considered capable of resolving an age-old debate in
before more coercive and intrusive ones a practical and principled way? Is there
are applied'. Coercive military action is anything that we of a cosmopolitan mind-
not excluded as a last resort option in set — to pick up my earlier reference to
extreme cases, when it is the only possi- Neelan Tiruchelvam's extraordinarily de
ble way — as nobody doubts was the case cent, civilised and balanced approach to
in Rwanda or Srebrenica, for example — to stop large-scale killing and other atroci- the institutions he believed
ty crimes. But it is an absolute travesty of the R2P principle to say that it is about mil- l worth building were effec-
itary force and nothing else.
ent states — protecting the
Misunderstanding Two. The second misunderstanding, at the opposite end of d interests of all their peo-
the spectrum, is that R2P is about the pro- tection of everyone from everything. I conflicts and disputes being
remember first thinking that this might become something of a problem when a d through law, democratic
distinguished international statesman, who had been much involved in the inter- and effective government
vention versus sovereignty debate in the 1990s, asked me a few months ago uctures, not violence
whether I agreed that the international community had a 'responsibility to protect' the Inuit people of the Arctic Circle from
these kinds of issues — can possibly do to get this debate back on the rails and gen- erate the kind of response that this haunt- ing issue of preventing genocide and mass atrocity crimes demands?
the consequences of global warming! Of course, linguistically, one can argue that there is indeed a responsibility to protect of some kind in this case — and in the case of HIV/AIDS, or the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and much more besides. But 'human security' is much I think what we need to do is address
more appropriate umbrella language to and clearly answer four big misunder-
use in these cases than 'R2P'. standings about R2P that exist to some extent everywhere, but are particularly prevalent in the global South.
To use the R2P concept in any of these ways is to dilute to the point of use- lessness its role as a mobiliser of instinc- Misunderstanding One. The first is that
tive, universal action in cases of con- R2P is only about military intervention,
science-shocking killing, ethnic cleansing that it is 'simply another name for humani-
and other such crimes against humanity: tarian intervention'. This is absolutely not
the whole point of embracing R2P lan- the case, and that cannot be said too
guage is that it is capable of generating an often. R2P is above all about taking effec-
effective, consensual response in tive preventive action — recognising those
extreme, conscience shocking cases, in a situations that are capable of deteriorating
way that 'right to intervene' language was into mass killing, ethnic cleansing or other
not. large-scale crimes against humanity, and bringing to bear every appropriate preven- tive response: political, diplomatic, legal and economic. The responsibility to pre- vent is very much that of the state itself, quite apart from that of the international community. And when it comes to the international community, a very big part of its preventive response should be to help countries to help themselves. Paragraph 138 of the World Summit Outcome Document makes that very clear:
The trouble is, of course, that if you stretch the R2P concept to embrace what might be described as the whole 'human security' agenda, you immediately raise the hackles of those who see it as the thin end of a totally interventionist wedge — as giving an open invitation for the countries of the North to engage to their hearts con- tent in the missions civilisatrices that so understandably raise the hackles of those in the South who experienced it all before.
Each individual State has the responsi- bility to protect its populations from geno- cide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and
Continue In Next Issue


Page 43
-34- itfiw Keynote Address by Hon. Bob Rae at ‘Remembering Kethesh’ 31 March 2007
Thank you very much Mr Chairman, and
pool. A month later he was. A month later he Ladies and Gentlemen, it is a great privilege
was assassinated. for me to have been invited to say a few words at this occasion. I can’t help reflecting on the
So for Canadians, and for all of us, if you fact that I think Kethesh would have expected
like, outside the country who have been so what happened during brother Anandas anga-
deeply affected by the country, and who have ree’s speech. I think he would have expected
fallen in love with the country, and what to there to be a discussion and a debate. I don’t
help make something happen, this occasion for think he would be surprised at the emergence
me is a chance for me to say a few things. Not of continuing political controversy and discus-
only about our dear friend who we lost, but sion because this is so much of the life that he
also if I may, in the remarks that I am going to lived, so much of the engagement that he had
give which I hope are not too long, a few as a political figure. From my observation, he
words, a few reflections on the struggle we was a political person to the tips of his fingers. He was deeply implicated in the struggle and saw his life from the lens, lived his life through
“He d that lens and tragically died through that lens. It’s because of his political commitment and his political courage that he is no longer with
his pub
us.
He die I am very honoured to have been asked to speak because I don’t really come here so much as a public figure. When asked if I
com
would come, I said I would for one simple rea- son, and that is my friendship with Kethesh.
the p The last meeting that I had with him was a very memorable one. He phoned me at my hotel in Colombo and said that he had an
He d
urgent need for a private meeting, and could I have the meeting privately in a coffee shop
love where nobody would know that we were hav- ing the meeting. I was really surprised, but I said of course I would be glad to have the
a
meeting. And I sat down and he said you have to help because a friend of mine may well be
he lov killed. I said explain to me why he will be killed? And he went through the description of the fact that he was a journalist, that he had
That’s
been actively engaged in the struggles for democracy and human rights in the Tamil
have all witnessed over many many years. I community; and could we find a way to get-
knew Kethesh as an intensive, as a thoughtful ting him out of the country quickly so that he
man who was ready to speak ironically of his would be salvaged and be safe and would not
whole past, of his whole experience of be threatened. I did what I could. Let’s just say
Marxism, of the twists and of the turns of his that we were able to do something in that
life. He was a very proud Tamil, he believed instance. We were able to make a difference.
profoundly in the recognition of his people, of the collective interest of the Tamil people. In I mention this to all of you because I think
the need to end the profound discrimination that those of us who live outside, who are not
that has so deeply affected the lives of Sri part of the Tamil community and who are not
Lankan Tamils. Sri Lankans. To come from Canada and have a private conversation with someone who says
But he was also very much a pragmatist, the life of a dear friend of theirs is threatened
who in accepting his last job as a member of and that they could well be shot is something
the Peace Secretariat, fought hard for the that is a little bit outside our experience. In
emergence of what he came to call "an enlight- Canadian politics, you run for election and you
ened self interest" of all Sri Lankan leaders to win or you run for election and you are defeat-
a resolution of the conflict that would lead to ed. But once you have either won or defeated
some kind of federal type constitution for Sri you go home and live your normal life, you
Lanka, where what he referred to as self rule don’t have to have bodyguards, you don’t have
and shared rule would be the order of the day. threats to your life, you don’t live your life in fear that you are not going to be able to get up
My memories of him are very warm ones. in the morning and carry on your life. But that
It has already been mentioned, he was an is very much a world which is lived in, that is
exceptional intellect, he had a great capacity a world which you find yourself, a world that
for thought, he was very interested in engag- many of you have found yourselves.
ing, not in an argumentative way but in an intellectual way, with respect to the issues that I can’t help but say on this occasion, that
were being spaced. His analysis was always the very last conversation I had with
thoughtful was always penetrative. How much Lakshman Kadirgamar who at that time was
we would all benefit today from his analysis of Foreign Minister, was a very vigorous one
what is taking place. He had an ironic sense of hour conversation about the country. I was
humour, and a tremendous commitment to his sharing with him some ideas for the need for
friends, to his colleagues, and of course to his change in the governance and the need for
wife, Bhawani. greater openness on the part of the government of Sri Lanka and the respective changes that
Like many of his contemporaries, like were required. And it was a very vigorous dis-
many of you, he was essentially obsessed with cussion and at the end of the discussion, he
politics, because that was his life. He saw his said to me, you know Bob, the trouble with
role through a political lens, he lived his life this conversation is that you are a Canadian
through a political lens. And he was also and I am a Sri Lankan Tamil, and you can
obsessed with what he thought was ultimately never really understand from where you sit
the public interest, and that was what his life and your experience the threat that I am under.
was all about. And there is little doubt, He then went on to say, I could be killed in my
although we can argue as some have argued garden, I could be killed in my swimming
today about what happened. But there is no
doubt in m of politics ments, that sen to lead to lead a li business, o or I am go to simply b to forget a is nothing going to b have said he chose n He died be
died becau interest. H and becaus he died.
He wa assassinati cal person, vidual, wh believe, he their positi sinated as And when gle for pe struggle fo people, we people hav them have or the milit because o Tamil com power wit was one of here the la has becom Military je hospitals, s ers are gun are killed are indoctr walk into t themselves to find the outrage tha that is now
Becaus his life, Ke mony abou he loved. I wife on th commit ou justice in S
It is a t gap betwee

ddress by Hon. Bob Rae at ering Kethesh’ 31 March 2007
“He died because of
his public commitment.
He died because of his
commitment to
the public interest.
He died because he
loved his people
and because
he loved his country.
That’s why he died.”
Mtzp 03> 2007
th later he
us, if you e been so who have d what to casion for ings. Not lost, but going to g, a few ruggle we
y years. I thoughtful ally of his rience of rns of his believed people, of people. In rimination es of Sri
ragmatist, ember of d for the n enlight- leaders to ld lead to on for Sri s self rule f the day.
arm ones. e was an t capacity in engag- but in an issues that as always ow much nalysis of c sense of ent to his rse to his
ries, like ssed with e saw his d his life was also ultimately at his life le doubt, ve argued ere is no
is this gap truer than in Sri Lanka. We are still today waiting for meaningful action from the government of Sri Lanka on a new constitu- tion. We are still waiting for the proposal that has supposed to have been coming for the last several years. The peace process, in my view, collapsed because of this incapacity for action, this unwillingness to take the next logical step that needed to be taken - by the government on real change, and yes, I would say, by the LTTE on recognizing the rights of other Tamils to doubt in my mind whatsoever that it is because
their own political opinions - and this paralysis of politics, that it is because of his commit-
has now led to the humanitarian crisis we see ments, that he lost his life. He could have cho-
today, thousands killed in the last year, two sen to lead a private life. He could have chosen
hundred thousand, at least, rendered homeless to lead a life where he said I am going to run a
and refugees in the north and east, more beat- business, or I am going to become a consultant
ings and disappearances, and children recruit- or I am going to leave the country. I am going
ed into guerrilla armies under the nose of the to simply become a private person. I am going
government of Sri Lanka. to forget about this whole thing because there
But I have to say there is lots of blame is nothing we can do about all of this. I am
going around because the world itself watches going to become a private person. He could
and the world does nothing. What is happening have said that and could have done that. And
in Sri Lanka is certainly as bad as anything he chose not to do that and that’s why he died.
happening in Lebanon or in Gaza. But the dif- He died because of his public commitment. He
ference is that the television cameras of the world are kept away, and it is much harder to reach Batticaloa than it is to get to Beirut. But the destruction and loss of life are just as bru- tal. Its amazing, and Kethesh really understood this, in the politics of the world today it seems to really just depend on where can the cameras get to, where can the journalists get to in order to have blazing headlines as to the humanitar- ian crisis that is taking place? And because they can’t get to what is taking place in Sri Lanka, people are unaware of it, governments don’t respond to it, they don’t realise that it is a humanitarian crisis that is getting worse day after day. There is malnutrition, there are beat- ings, there are disappearances, there is home- lessness, there is just as much a crisis there, as in any other part of the world that people read about or hear about on a worldwide scale.
From this meeting to honour the memory, of our brother Loganathan, we must recommit ourselves to the need for international engage- ment in Sri Lanka. We cannot allow the indif- ference to continue. In particular, I believe the Sri Lankan government must accept the pres- ence of international human rights monitors in died because of his commitment to the public
all parts of the country. There cannot be any interest. He died because he loved his people
part of the country which is a no-go zone. For and because he loved his country. That’s why
the implementation of human rights, and for he died.
the monitoring of what is actually happening to the people. There is no exclusively military He was assassinated, and we use the term
solution to this conflict. It is an illusion to assassination to refer to the killing of a politi-
think that there is a military answer to the con- cal person, to the specific targeting of one indi-
flict. There is no military answer to the con- vidual, who for whatever reason, his enemies
flict. Because already the price this past year believe, he is a threat to their cause, and to
has been too high. We have seen in this last their position and to their goals. He was assas-
year more deaths, more refugees, more malnu- sinated as so many others have been killed.
trition, more despair. None of these can be the And when we think of here when in the strug-
answer. But for peace with justice to happen, gle for peace and justice in Sri Lanka. The
the reality is, change has to come from all struggle for peace and justice for the Tamil
sides. The LTTE and the other organisations, people, we have to understand that many many
the Karuna group, all organised groups that people have died in the struggle and not all of
have got the possession of arms have to make them have been killed by the Sri Lankan army
the transition to democracy. The killing must or the military conflict. Many have been killed
stop as well; as much as the recruitment of because of the internal struggle within the
children. And the world community must take Tamil community and because the struggle for
its responsibility as well - a lack of focus, the power within the Tamil community. Kethesh
lack of discipline, the lack of resources after was one of them. We have to recognise, now,
the ceasefire agreement has helped the good- here the lapse of the ceasefire, that Sri Lanka
will that was there slip through our fingers. I has become a terrible, terrible killing field.
had the occasion to attend virtually every one Military jets bomb orphanages, villages, and
of the so called negotiations that took place hospitals, soldiers kill soldiers, political lead-
after the ceasefire and the reality of these dis- ers are gunned down in their homes, children
cussions was that there really were no negoti- are killed in school buses, teen-age children
ations, there really were no deep discussions are indoctrinated to strap a bomb around them,
about change. There were no serious proposals walk into those crowded spaces, and blow up
on the table that will lead to further change themselves and dozens of others. It’s very hard
from the government. There was a refusal to to find the words to express the sadness and
do that, an unwillingness to bring forward pos- outrage that we all feel to describe the tragedy
itive motions and positive events. And that in that is now taking place in Sri Lanka.
itself has made this process of considerable concern for people. Because of who he was, and how he lived his life, Kethesh would have wanted any cere-
And finally I would say that the critical mony about him to focus on the country that
step that must take place is for the Sri Lankan he loved. I express my deep sympathy to his
government to recognise not only the individ- wife on their terrible loss. We must also re-
ual rights of Sri Lankans but the collective commit ourselves to the cause of peace and
rights of Sri Lankans. Not only the rights that justice in Sri Lanka today.
pertain to one national group but the rights that pertain to all national groups. This has been It is a truism that there is always, in life, a gap between words and actions. But nowhere
See Page 32


Page 44
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Page 45
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Kipling/Steeles
$269,900
4 Bedrooms, 2 Washrooms Location! Location! Location! Great Family Home W/Basement Apartment W/Separate Entrance Throughout Hrdwd Flr Renovated&Freshly Painted Spacious Liv&Din Opportunity For 1st Time Buyer Claose To Ttc, Park, Schools, Mall & Church
Richmond Hill
$379,900
3 Bedrooms, 3 Washrooms The Humberlands. Detached Brick. Excellent Richmond Hill Location,Superb Condition, Great Layout. Massive Yard. Close To Schools, Highways, And All Conveniences.
Eglinton/Midland
$184,900
2+1 Bedrooms, 2 Washrooms Rainbow Village Luxury Condo, Bright, Spacious Corner Unit, Unobstructed South Facing View, Executive Suite, 2 Bdrms + Den. 24Hr Gate House, Steps To Subway, Ttc, Shopping Centre, Amaz- ing Rec Ctr, Daycare In Building, Brand New Carpet, Super Clean Unit, Very Well Maintained!
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Torbram/Sandalwood
$369,900
3 Bedrooms, 3 Washrooms 3 Years New! Approx 2000 Sqft By National ‘Oberon’Model,Separate Ent.To Bsmt & Dir. Access To Garage
Kipling/Steeles
$149,900
2 Bedrooms, 2 Washrooms One Of The Largest Unit! Gorgeous 2 Large Bedroom Condo In Luxury Building! Approx 1300 Sq Ft. Large Solarium, Ceramics In Kitchen & Bathroom, Open Balcony From Master Bedroom With Ensuite Bath & Walk-In Closet
Kennedy/Eglinton
Dundas/Marvis
$295,000
$269,000
3+2 Bedrooms, 2 Washrooms
3+1 Bedrooms, 2 Washrooms Fabulous Bungalow With In-Law
Gorgeous 3 Bedroom Townhome In Apt! Perfect 4 Investor/First Time
Remarkable Well Kept And Move In Buyer - Live Up & Rent Bsmt! , On
Condition. Approx. 1600 Sq.Ft. Very Quiet Street - Central Location!
Bright And Sunny Home. Excellent Close To All Amenities
Location, Steps To Westdale Mall, School And Ttc.
Ganesh Thangarajah
, Salesperson
Dir:
416-994-9046
Bus: 416.284.4751 • 880 Ellesmere Road. Su
Markham/16th Ave
$349,900
3 Bedrooms, 3 Washrooms Beautiful Detached Home In Demand Area. Hardwood & Ceramic Throughout Main Floor. Lots Of Sunlight In This House. 9Ft Ceiling On Main Floor, Oak Stairs, W/I Closet, Jacuzzi & Sep Shower In Master Bedroom. Steps To Public School & Yrt Transit.
3 Bedrooms, 3 Washrooms Move Spotless In Power Power Now Mattamy Appeal. Corner Of Of
Great With
Area Mosque,Temples, With Direct Golf And SaleSale
Access Shopping
Churches, To Ttc, 401,
Parks,
Keele/Finch
$147,000
4 Bedrooms, 4 Washrooms Shows Extremely Well, No Waiting For El- evators - Convenient 1st Floor, New Lami- nate Floor In Lr, Dr Overlooks Sunken Lr With W/O To Balcony All Elf’s, All Blinds, Alarm System, Mirrored Closet Doors In Hall, Mirros In Dr, Full Access To Rec Centre, Close To Shops, Schools, Ttc, York University.
Bathurst/King
$609,900
4 Bedrooms, 4 Washrooms 75K For Premium Lot Backing Into Greenbelt. Over 50K In Upgrades:9’ Ceiling, Custom Dbl Door, Granite Counter Top In Kitchen & W/Room, Stone Fronting, Hdwd Flrs
Markham/Paintedpost
Staines/Morningside
$249,000 $319,000
Mccow
3+1 Bedrooms 2 Washrooms
Pathmarajah (Raj) Ariyanayag
Dir:
416-930-H
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Mccowan/Highglen
arajah (Raj) Ariyanayagam
, Salesperson
Dir:
416-930-HOME
(4663)
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, Salesperson 9046
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$439,000
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Backyard,Brand New Driveway Room,
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side
Richmond Hil
$279,900
3 Bedrooms, 3 Washrooms Freehold Townhouse On Child Safe Court! Spacious & Bright, Conve- nient Location, School. Hardwood Floors, Oak Stairs, Walkout To Backyard....No Side Walk. California Shutters, Fully Fenced Yard From Garage
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Richmond Hill
$255,500
3 Bedrooms, 3 Washrooms Most Desirable Location In Richmond Hill! Bright, Clean & Spacious. Excellent Layout, Move-In Condition, 2 Parking Spots, Walking Distance To Yonge Street, Close To Library, Public Transit, Hillcrest Mall & Schools. Over 2000 Sq.Ft With Lots Of Storage Space.
Richmond Hill
$295,000
3 Bedrooms, 3 Washrooms Executive Freehold. Very Bright And Spacious. Kept To Perfection. Rarely Seen Pride Of Ownership Like This One. Quiet Lovely Complex With Walking Distance To Yonge St & All Amenities
19th Ave/Bayview
$479,000
150’Frontage Mostly Level Building Lot Comprising Almost 1-1/2 Acre. Ideal For Custom Builder Or If You Are Looking To Build That Dream Home. Desirable And Growing Area Between Leslie & Bayview Ave. Close To All Conveniences And Min- utes To 404/407. Future Possibilities May Exist.
Finch/Neilson
$329,000
3 Bedrooms, 3 Washrooms Super Clean,Bright,Spacious, 2-Years New ‘Summit Elev ‘B’ Model Home In Immaculate Condition, Fenced Rear Yard (Backs On To Open Treed Lot).
$449,900
4+2 Bedrooms, 4 Washrooms mmaculate 7Yr Old All Brick, Rem- ington Home, Double Door Entry, 9’ Ceiling, Steps To Jr & Sr Schools, Mins To Mall , Parks, Hwy 407 & 7, Ttc
Kennedy/14th Ave
$849,000
4 Bedrooms, 5 Washrooms Fabulous Excutive Custom Built! ide Entrance To Yard, Finished Bsmt With 2nd Laundry Room, Oak Circu- lar Staircase, Moulding, Dbl Skylites, Granite Kitchen, Foyer & Hallway Flrs, French Doors, Pot Lights Throughout House, Marly Roof
Lawrence/Scar Golf
$279,900
4 Bedrooms, 4 Washrooms Bright Cheerful Home With Finished In-Law Apt W/Separate Entrance & Above Grade Windows. Freshly Painted Thru- Out, Hardwood Floors Thru-Out Main Floor, Light Filled Family Size Kitchen Overlooking Lovely Back Garden, Separate Laundry
Birchmount/Ellesmere
$237,000
2+1 Bedrooms, 2 Washrooms Less Than 2 Years! Newer Tridel Building! 24 Hour Concierge. Steps To Ttc, Close To Shops & Hwy 401. Smart Wired Bell Expressview For Condos. Extra Indirect Lighting Over Pass Through. Enjoy Virtual Golf, Card Room, Media/Theatre, Guest Suites, Southern Exposure.
Hwy7/Gore Pickering
Rd
$439,900 $289,900
4 Location. Stunning! A Spacious Well Bedrooms, 3 Sought Bedrooms, Brand 3 4 Bedroom Bed After New Home 3 3 Washrooms Washrooms Area Link, Never In In Situated Demand
Pickering. Lived in
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