கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: வைகறை 2007.08.17
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Page 5
Mtzp 17> 2006 murpay; jPu;it Kd;ndLg;gNj MNuhf;akhd njup
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Page 6
itfiw ,yq;if -6-
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Mtzp 17> 2007
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Page 7
Mtzp 17> 2007 muir Mj;jpug;gl itf;Fk; ru;tNjr mikg;Gfspd; mwpf;i
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,yq;if epiytuq;fs; njhlu;gpy; ru;tNjr mikg;GfsplkpUe;J te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w mwpf;iffspd; njhl upy; ,Wjpahf te;jpUg;gJ kdpj cup ikfSf;fhd njw;fhrpau;fs; (South Asians for Human Rights) vd;w mikg;gpd; mwpf;ifahFk;. murhq;fg; gilfSf;Fk; tpLjiy GypfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Nkhjy;fs; jPtpukila Mu k;gpj;j gpwF tlf;F> fpof;fpy; ,lk; ngau;e;j kf;fspd; epiy Fwpj;J kdpj cupikfSf;fhd njw;fhrpau;fs; mik g;G New;W Kd;jpdk; Gjd;fpoik mwpf; iftpLj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,lk; ngau;e;j kf; fs; murhq;fj;jpdJk; Vida jug;Gfsp dJk; R+o;r;rpj; jdkhd nraw;ghLfsp dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gjhf Tk; ,e;j epiyik kdpjhgpkhdr; rl; lq;fis mg;gl;lkhf kPWtjhf mike; jpUf;fpwJ vd;Wk; me;j mwpf;ifapy; fz;ldk; njuptpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,lk; ngau;e;j kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gzpahw; Wfpd;w gy;NtW njhz;lu; mikg;Gfs; mehtrpakhd tpku;rdq;fSf;F Msh pikfSf;fhd njw;fhrpau;fs;
tJld; gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mr;RWj;jY f;Fk; Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Fk; ,yf;fhf mwpf;if tpLj;jpUf;fpwJ.
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kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfis murhq;fk; cup aKiwapy; ifahs tpy;iy vd;w Fw; wr;rhl;il Kd;itj;jpUf;Fk; kdpj cup ikfSf;fhd njw;fhrpau;fs; mikg;gpd; jiytuhf Kd;dhs; ,e;jpag; gpujku; Ug;gjhfTk; ,e;j epiyik
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thrpj;jpUe;jhy;> F[;uhiyAk; xU gaq; futhjp vd;Wk; ,yQ;rk; thq;Fgtu; vd;Wk; mtJ}W nra;af;$LNkh? wpf;ifapy; fz;ldk;
ed;wp: jpdf;Fuy; uptpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
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Page 8
-8- “,uhZt itfiw
eltbf;if njhlu;e;jhy; Uthz;lh epiy jhd; Vw;gLk;”
-mT];jpNuypa Kd;dhs; ntsptpt tpLj;Js;s vr;rupf;if
mT];jpNuypa Kd;dhs; ntsptptfhu mikr;ru;
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tlgFjpapy; ,uhZt eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; ,yq;if apy; fk;Nghbah> Uthz;lh> nfhNrh- Nth Nghd;w ehLfspy; fhzg;gl;lJ Nghd;w Nkhrkhd epiy cUthfyhk; vd vr;rupj;Js;s mT];jpNuypa Kd; dhs; ntsptptfhu mikr;ru; fnuj; ,thd;]; ru;tNjr r%fk; jiyaplf; $ba R+oy; cUthfyhk; vd;Wk; Nfhb l;Lf; fhl;bAs;shu;.
nfhOk;gpy;> Njrj;jpd; ,iwikapd; vy;iyfSk; 21 Mk; E}w;whz;by; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd nghWg;Gzu;Tk; vDk; nghUspy; `fyhepjp ePyd; jpUr;nr y;tk; epidTg; NgUiu'ia Mw;wpa Ntis ,jid Fwpg;gpl;l mtu; NkYk; njuptpj;Js;sjhtJ;
ehLfs; Vida ehLfspd; tptfh uq;fspy; jiyapLtJ Fwpj;J gue;J gl;l ftiy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf> Kjyhk; cyf ehLfs;> %d;whk; cyf ehLfspd; tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaPL nr- a;tJ fhydpahjpf;fj;jpypUe;J Rje;jpuk; ngw;w gy ehLfs; ,iwikia kpfTk; czu;TG+u;tkhd tplakhf fUJtJ Gupe;J nfhs;sj;jf;fJ.
,e;j ehLfs; jkJ Gjpa ,dj;Jt milahsk; Fwpj;J ngUkpjk; nfhs;fp d;wd. jkJ gytPdq;fs; Fwpj;J cz u;e;Js;s ,e;j ehLfs;> jiyaPL nra; tij vjpu;g;gij> rf;jp tha;e;j ehLfs; jkJ nghUshjhu kw;Wk; murpay; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhf nfhLf;Fk; mOj;jq;fSf;fhd jw;ghJ fhg;ghf fUJfpd;wd.
vdpDk;> ,e;j mZFKiwapy; gpur ;rpidAs;sJ. 1990 fspy; kdr;rhl;rpia cYf;fpa kdpjg; gLnfhiyfspd; gpd; dNu (ghy;f;fd;> kj;jpa Mgpupf;fh - kpff; nfh^ukhd Uthz;lh ,dg;gL nfhiy (1994> ,jd; gpd;du; epid j;Jg; ghu;f;f Kbahj ];nugpnudpfu; gLnfhiy) kdpjhgpkhd uPjpapy; jiy apLjy; vDk; mZFKiw jPtpukil e;jJ.
gy jlitfs; ru;tNjr r%fk; mtrukhf jiyapl Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; mJ gpioahfTk;> KOikaw;w tpjj;jpYk; vjpu;kiwahd epiyikia Vw;gLj;jf; $ba tpjj;jp Yk; nraw;gl;Ls;sJ.
1999 ,y; nfhNrhNthtpy; ,dg;gL nfhiyAk;> ,dr; Rj;jpfupg;Gk; kPz;Lk; Muk;gkhd Ntis ru;tNjrk; cupa Kiw apy; ,uhZt uPjpahf jiyapl;lJ.
vdpDk;> ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; mD
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ghupa m fs;> ,d kjpapd;wpAk;> u\;ahtpd; tPl;Nlh mr;
Fyj;jpw;F RWj;jYf;F kj;jpapYk; ru;tNjr r%fk;
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NguopT m Aj;jk; tpLjiyg;Gypfs fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpf;Fs; ef fpof;fpy; eilngw;w Nkhji mJ fLikahdjhf fhz nghJkf;fs; kPjhd mjd;
kpf Nkhrkhdjhf mik
ghJfhg;G nraw;ghl;bd; Neu;ik Fwpj;j
Wf;nfhz Nfs;tpfisnaOg;gpaJ.
iyia gl;Ls;sJ 1990 KOtJk; jiyaPL kw;Wk; ,- iwik Fwpj;j ghupa tpthjk; ,lk;
Mapuf ngw;W te;jJ. jw;Nghija gpuhd;];
Gypfspd; ntsptptfhu mikr;ru; Ngu;dhl; nfs-
jpd; tpk r;dh Kd;itj;j kdpjhgpkhd jiy
jhf;Fjy;f aPl;bw;fhd cupik xU gf;fj;jpy; fh- zg;gl;Ls;sJ.
cyfpd; njd;gFjpapypUe;J ,jw;F fLk; vjpu;g;G fhzg;gl;lJ. Fwpg;ghf> jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; Njrpa ,- iwik njhlu;ghdJ> 1990 ,y; ,e;j tpthjj;jpw;F KbT fhzhkNyNa Kbtile;jJ.
If;fpa ehLfspd; Kd;dhs; nrayh- su; ehafk; nfhgp mdhd; Njrpa ,iw ikia jdpg;gl;l ,iwikia mbg; gilahf itj;J kjpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thNw ru;tNjr kdpj cupik Vw;
fpU\;z guj ehl ghLfspy; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd njuptpj;jjd; %yk; ,e;j tpthjj;jpw;F jPu;T fhz Kad;whu;. vdpDk;> ,jid vtUk; nrtpkLf;ftpy;iy.
eilngW FAIRVIEW
2000 Mk; Mz;L nghJr; rigf;fhd jdJ mwpf;ifapy; kdpjhgpkhd jiy aPL Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahjJ. ,iwik kPjhd jhf;Fjnyd;why;> Uthz;lh> Nghd;w R+o;epiyfspy; ehk; vt;thW nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd mtu; Nfs;tp
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35 FAIRV ( DON MI NORTH Y
naOg;gpdhu;.
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2007 Qh GypfSk; jkJ ,uhZt eltbf;if iaAk; gaq;futhj vjpu;g;G eltbf;if
khiy- fisAk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Fs; kl;Lg;gLj;Jtjpy; mtjhdkhfTs;sd.
mDkjp:
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rkPgj;ija tuyhW kw;Wk; jw;Ngh ghupa ml;^opaq;fs; ,dg;gLnfhiy
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Nkhrkilayhk; vd;w mr;rk; cUthfp stpw;F nry;ytpy;iy. KOikahd
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mikAk;. Aj;jk; jPtpukila> tlgF gl;Ls;sJ.
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Page 9
Mtzp 17> 2007 ju;G+upy; mikjp fhj;jy;
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Page 10
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Page 11
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Page 12
Page 13
Mtzp cyf 17> 2007
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Page 14
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jha;g;ghypy; 100 kpy;yp ,yPw;wu;fspy; Vwj;jho 250 kpy;yp fpuhk;fs; vd;Dk; tpfpjj;jpy; fdpg; nghUl;$Wfs; fhzg; gLfpd;wd. Mtpd;ghypy; ,jd; %d;W klq;Ffspy; fdpg;nghUs;fs; cs;sd. ,jdhy; jha;g;ghy; mUe;Jk; rpRtpd; rpd;dQ;rpW rpWePufq;fs; fdpAg;Gfis tbfl;l mjpf RikAld; fisj;Jg; Nghuhl Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLtjp y;iy. NkYk;> fdpg; nghUs; ,t;thW Fiwthf ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf ePupog;G> R+lhd fhyq;fspy; mjpf tpau;it vd; gdtw;wpy; ,Ue;Jk; Foe;ij fhg;ghw;wg; gLfpd;wJ.
kdpjdpd; %is tpUj;jp jhapd; tapw;wpNyNa KOik ngw;WtpLfpwJ vd;Wjhd; gyUk; vz;zpf; nfhz;bUf; fpNwhk;. Mdhy; mjidf; $u;ikg;gLj; Jk; nraw;ghLfs; Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd; Gk; njhlUfpd;wd. ,jw;Fj; jha;g;gh ypd; gq;fspg;G ,d;wpaikahjJ. %is tpUj;jpf;F Gnrh (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) vd;Dk; XNkhd; Njit. jh- apd; fUtiwapy; njhg;Gs; nfhbA+lhf toq;fg;gLk; ,e;j capu;Ntjp> Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;du; jha;g;ghypYk; fhzg;gLfp wJ. ,];NuypYs;s ctP];kd; tpQ; Qhd epWtdj;ijr; Nru;e;j lhf;lu; apw;rhf; nfhr; (Dr.Yitzhak Koch) jiy ikapyhd FOtpdu; jha;g;ghypy; Gnrh vjw;F vd;gJ Fwpj;J vypfis itj;J Muha;e;Js;sdu;. ,jpy;> Foe;ijapd; Kjy; tUlj;jpy; %isapy; epiwaNt khw;wq;fs; epfo;tJk;> ,jidj; jha;g; ghypy; cs;s XNkhd;fs; epfo;j;Jtpg;g Jk; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ij nka;g;
jha;g; ghY}l;lypd;Ngh gpg;gJ Nghy> rkPgj;jpy; epA+rpyhe;jhy; ntspahd Ma;T KbTfs; jha;g;ghy;
jhapd; mutizg;gpy Fbj;J tsu;e;jtu;fs; Gl;bg;ghy; Foe; ijfis tpl Ez;zwpT kpf;ftu;fshf Tk;> gbg;gpy; mjpf rhjidfis epfo;
nrhf;fpf;fplf;Fk; Foe;i
j;Jgtu;fshfTk; cs;sdu; vdj; njup tpf;fpd;wd.
mDgtpf;Fk; Rfj;Jf
gr;rpsk; ghyfu;fisg; gyp nfhs;sf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; tapw;Nwhl;lk;> RthrNeha;
Nkyhd Rfk; vJTk; ,y
fs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,Ue;J Foe;ijf- isf; fhg;ghw;Wk; Mgj;ghe;jtdhfTk; jha;g;ghy;jhd; cjtpf;F tUfpwJ. Fo e;ij jdf;nfdr; nrhe;jkhf Neha; vjpu;g;G Mw;wiy (epu;g;gPldk;-Immunity) tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fr; rpy khjq;fs; Nj- it. mJtiuapy; jha;g;ghy;jhd; mjw; Ff; fhtyuz;. jha;g;ghy; nfhz;bUf; Fk; ntz;fyq;fs;> ,k;kpA+Ndh FNsh gpA+ypd; (Immuno globulin) vd;Dk; Neha; vjpu;g;Gg; Gujk;> yf;Nuhngupd; (Lacto- ferin) iyNrhirk; (Lysozyme ) Nghd;w Ntjpfs; Ez;zq;fpfisf; nfhy;Yk; Mw;wy; tha;e;jit - jha;g;ghypy; c- s;s nfhOg;Gfs;$l itu]; fpUkpf spd; Gujr; Rtiu rpd;dhgpd;dg;gLj;jp mtw;iw mopj;J tpLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; jhd; fz;Neha;f;Ff; iffz;l kUe;jhf ,d;wsTk; fpuhkg; Gwq;fspy; jha;g;gh iyf; fz;fspy; ,l;L tUfpd;wdu;.
jhaplkpUe;J Foe;ij ghiy cwp Q;rpf; Fbg;gjw;F> Gl;bapy; ,Ue;J cwp Q;Rtijtpl mjpfkhd rf;jp Njitg;gL fpwJ. Vwj;jho 60 klq;Ffs;. ,JNt xU clw;gapw;rp Nghyhfp jhil vY k;GfspdJk; gw;fspdJk; rPuhd - tY thd tsu;r;rpf;F tpj;jpLtjhf ep&gpf; fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpd;ehspy; nrhw;fspd; njspthd cr;rupg;Gf;Fk; ,J cjTk;. Mdhy;> Gl;bapy; ghy; mUe;Jk; Fo e;ij> mjpfk; mtjpf;Fs;shfpwJ. m- sT fzf;fpy;yhky; xOFk; ghiyf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> Foe;ij jd; eh- it mbf;fb ntspePl;b nraw;if K- iyf;fhk;ig mjpf tpirAld; js;Sk;. ehsiltpy; ehTf;F ,JNt thbf; ifahfpg; NghFk;. NgRk; NghJ ghk;G ehf;fhf ntspePSk;. tha;r;Rthrk;> cjL fbj;jy; Nghd;w tpUk;gj; jfhj gof;fq; fSf;Fk; ,J topNfhyptpLfpwJ.
jha;g;ghY}l;lypd;NghJ jhapd; mu tizg;gpy; nrhf;fpf; fplf;Fk; Foe;ij mDgtpf;Fk; Rfj;Jf;F Nkyhd Rfk; vJTk; ,y;iy. ,e;j mizg;Gk; m- izTk; ntWk; ngsjPfr; nrhFRfs; my;y. ghY}l;lypd; NghJ jhapd; cl ypy; ‘xf;rpNuhrpd;’ (Oxytocin) vd;Dk; XNkhd; mjpf mstpy; Rug;gjw;Fj; J}- z;lg;gLk;. ,t;NthNkhd;> kfg;Ngw;Wf; fhy elj;ijfspy; xd;whf> jha;f;F k- fT kPjhd ghrg; gpizg;ig mjpfupf;fr;
nra;Ak;. jpy;> nj ,Ug;gjhf tjhNyNa fhz Kb Nwd;’ vd dk;gpf;if Ak; xU c fhg;G jd tUk; vd fs; gpur;r nfhs;Sk
tjhf cs s;sdu;.
Foe;i ghY}l;Lt nrd;wilf Uk; clw 500 fNyh fg;gLfpwJ fs; fu;g;gf vilia epiyf;Fj dhy;> Fo Kiyf;fh tpLgtu;fs w;F cz vd;W glh e;ijiar tpupe;J N ghY}l;Lk
Mtzp 17> 2007
y cwp e;J cwp jitg;gL ;. ,JNt il vY - tY ep&gpf; rhw;fspd; cjTk;. ;Jk; Fo pwJ. m- ghiyf;
jd; eh- w;if K- ; js;Sk;. thbf; J ghk;G k;> cjL gof;fq; .
apd; mu Foe;ij hd Rfk; g;Gk; m- rhFRfs; apd; cl ) vd;Dk; w;Fj; J}- g;Ngw;Wf; ha;f;F k- jpfupf;fr;
nra;Ak;. ,e;jg; gpizg;gpd; neUf;fj;
Xf;rpNuhrpd; XNkhdpd; jathy; ntF jpy;> njhLif cwtpy; ghJfhg;ghf
rPf;fpuj;jpy; toikf;Fr; RUq;FfpwJ. ,Ug;gjhff; Foe;ij czu;e;J nfhs;
,jd;NghJ> Kd;du; Foe;ijf;F Nghr tjhNyNa mjdhy; fz; %br; Rfk;
izfis toq;fpa FUjpf;Foha;fspd; fhz KbfpwJ. ‘ghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;fp
thry;fSk; Nru;e;J RUq;fp tpLtjhy; Nwd;’ vd;w czu;T Foe;ijapy; jd;
,uj;jg;Nghf;Fk; epd;WNgha; tpLfpwJ. dk;gpf;if tpijfis Kistplr; nra;
,jdhy;jhd; ghY}l;lhj jha;khu;fs; Ak; xU cstpay; Cl;lk;. jhapd; ghJ
nraw;if ‘xf;rpNuhrpd;’ XNkhid Vw; fhg;G jdf;F vg;NghJNk Jizahf
wpf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. ,it khj;jpuky;y; tUk; vdf;fUJk; ,j;jifa Foe;ij
ngz;fis mr;RWj;Jk; khu;Gg; Gw;W fs; gpur;rpidfis ntw;wpfukhf vjpu;
Neha;$l ghY}l;Lk; Kiyfisg; ngU nfhs;Sk; jd;ikia tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;
k;ghYk; mZFtjpy;iy.
kdpjDf;F ,d;W fpilf;ff; $ba czT tiffs; vy;yhNk mtw;wpd; cw;gj;jp Kjy; Efu;T tiu R+oypy; Mw;nwhzhj tLf;fisg; gjpf;ff; $b ait. ,tw;wpy; jha;g;ghy; khj;jpuNk tpjptpyf;F. ,jd; jz;zPu; fyf;fNth> R+lhf;fNth> nghjpnra;aNth> Vw;Wkjp- ,wf;Fkjpnad;W neLe;njhiyT vLj; Jr; nry;yNth Njitapy;yhj ,ay;G fs; vitAk; rhjhuzkhditay;y. kp- Fe;j R+oy; el;Gilait. ,jid> Gl; bg;ghypd; Kfj;jpiuiar; rw;W tpyf; fpdhNy Gupe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. Gl; bg;ghy; fiug;gjw;F xU Foe;ijf;F ehsd;Wf;F xU ,yPw;wu; ePu; Njitg ;gLfpwJ. xU Foe;ij gUFk; Gl;bg;gh iyr; R+LgLj;Jtjw;F tUlnkhd;Wf;F Mff; Fiwe;jJ 73 fpNyh tpwF my; yJ mjw;F epfuhd vupnghUs; nryth fpwJ. ghy;kh epWtdq;fs; kiof;fhL fis mopj;Nj gRf;fspd; Nka;r;ry; Gy;ntspfis mikf;fpd;wd. nkf;rpf; Nfhtpy; xU fpNyh ghy;khit cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F Vwj;jho 12 rJu kPw;wu; gu g;gsT fhLfis tpiyahff; nfhLf;fp whu;fs;. ,g;gb xUGwk; tsq;fspd; tpuankdpy;> ,d;ndhUGwk; capu;kr; rpijTf;F Mshfhj ghw;Gl;bfs;> K- iyf;fhk;Gfs;> ghy;khitg; nghjp nra; ag; gad;gLk; nghypj;jPd;-gpsh];upf; ig- fs; vy;yhk; kz;zpy; kf;fpg; Nghfhky; R+oYf;Fg; ngUk; jiytypiaj; je;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. 1987Mk; Mz;L ju Tfspd;gb me;j tUlj;jpy; ghfp];jh dpy; kl;LNk 4.5 kpy;ypad; ghy;Gl;bfs; tpw;gidahfpAs;sd.
Rw;Wr;R+oy; gpur;rpidfspy; jiyah djhff; fUjg;gLk; G+kp ntg;gk; milt jpYk; (Global Warming) Gl;bg;ghypd; ifq;fupak; ,Uf;fpwJ. ntSj;j ghY f;F ,g;gb xU fWg;GKfk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ gyUf;F ek;g Kbahj xd; whfNt Njhd;wpdhYk; RLfpd;w c- z;ik ,J. G+kpapd; ntg;gepiy mjp- fupg;Gf;Ff; fhuzkhd gr;ir tPl;L a;g; ghY}l;lypd;NghJ
thAf;fspy; fupakpy thATf;F mLj;j ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpy; kPNjd; thA cs; hapd; mutizg;gpy;
sJ. tspkz;lyj;Js; NrUk; kPNjdpd; fzprkhd gq;F khL> MLfspd; ,iug;igapy; ,Ue;Nj cUthfpwJ. xU f;fpf;fplf;Fk; Foe;ij
gR ehsd;wpy; ntspapLk; kPNjd; 100 njhlq;fp 200 ,yPw;wu;fs;. ,jpypUe;J Dgtpf;Fk; Rfj;Jf;F
cyfk; G+uhTKs;s gRf;fs; Vg;gk; tp- Lk; kPNjdpd; fdgupkhzj;ij czu;e;J nfhs;s KbAk;. d Rfk; vJTk; ,y;iy.
jha;g;ghY}l;lypd; mtrpaj;ij typ
tjhf cstpay; ty;Yeu;fs; njuptpj;J s;sdu;.
AWj;Jtjw;F ,g;gb Vuhskhd fhuzq; fs; ,Ue;jNghJk; mit nghJg; Gj; jpia vl;Ltjpy; ghy;kh epWtdq;fs;
Foe;ijfSf;F khj;jpuk; my;y> ghY}l;Ltjd; gyd;fs; mk;khf;fisAk; nrd;wilfpd;wd. ghY}l;Ljy; xU ng- Uk; clw;gapw;rp. jpdKk;> ruhrupahf 500 fNyhupfs; rf;jp Nkyjpfkhf vupf; fg;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ghY}l;Lk; ngz; fs; fu;g;gfhyj;jpy; ngw;w mjpfg;gbahd vilia ,oe;J tpiutpNyNa gioa epiyf;Fj; jpUk;gp tpLfpwhu;fs;. M- dhy;> Foe;ijfspd; thapy; ‘rpypf;fd;’ Kiyf;fhk;igj; jpzpj;Jtpl;Lg; Ngha; tpLgtu;fs; gUj;j clk;igf; fiug;gj w;F czTf;fl;Lg;ghL> eilg;gapw;rp vd;W glhjghL glNtz;bapUf;Fk;. Fo e;ijiar; Rkg;gjhy; 20 klq;Ffshf
ngUk; jilahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ‘yf;Nuh [d;’> ‘ft; md;Nfw;’> ‘v];.vk;.V.’> ‘/ghu; yP];’> ‘mKy; ];gpNw’ vd;W re;ijapy; ,Uf;Fk; gyjug;gl;l ghy;kh tiffspy; vjdhYk; jha;g;ghiy neUq;f Kb ahJ. MdhYk; ghy;kh cw;gj;jp epW tdq;fspd;> ‘gpwe;jjpy; ,Ue;Nj gUF tjw;Nfw;wJ’ ‘Gjpa uf Gujr; rj;J mwp Kfk;’> ‘rpwe;j Foe;ijg; ghy;’> ‘,y Ftpy; rkpghL’ Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d %isr;ryit tpsk;guq;fs; mtw;iwr; re;ijapy; jha;g;ghypd; cauj;Jf;Fj; J}f;fp itj;Js;sd. ,y;yhjJfisr; nrhy;ypg; nghJg; Gj;jpiaj; jpir jpU g;Gk; ,itNghd;w tpsk;guq;fisj; j- ilnra;Ak; nghUl;L 1981,y; If;fpa tpupe;J Ngha; ,Uf;Fk; fUg;igAk;> ghY}l;Lk;NghJ clypy; J}z;lg;gLk;
15k; gf;fk; ghu;f;fTk;
Page 15
Mtzp 17> 2007 cyf.. 14k; gf;fj;njhlu;r;rp
Sk; mjpfk;. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; Foe;ijfs; epjpak; (UNICEF) tsu; Kf ehLfspy; Ie;J taJf;F cl;gl;l ehLfs; rigapd; Foe;ijfs; epjpaKk;>
12 kpy;ypad; Foe;ijfs; tUle;NjhWk; cyf Rfhjhu epWtdKk; ,ize;J ru;tNjr re;ijg; gLj;jy; tpjpKiw fis cUthf;fpf; nfhLj;Js;sd. M- dhy;> ghy;kh epWtdq;fs; ,tw;iwg; nghUl;gLj;Jtjhf ,y;iy. gpurt kU j;JtkidfSf;Nf nrd;W ,ytrkhf jq;fs; ghy;kh khjpupfisj; jha;khU f;F tpepNahfpf;Fk; cj;jpiaf;$l if- ahz;L gps;isgpbj;J tUfpd;wd.
grpj;J mOfpd;w Foe;ijapd; tha; f;F jha;g;ghiyj; jUtjpy; gy r%f nghUshjhuf; fhuzpfSk; jilfshf cs;sd. ,jpy; ‘rPk;ghy;’ (colostrum) Fwpj;J r%fj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;bUf;Fk; G- idT Kjypy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. gpurt j;ijj; njhlu;e;J jhapy; Kjy; ,uz;L %d;W ehl;fspy; Ruf;Fk; kQ;rs; epw khd jbj;j ghFj; jd;ikAila jputk; - rPk;ghy;. ,jd;epwk; fhuzkhfg; ngU k;ghyhNdhuhy; jPq;fhdJ vdf; fUjg; gl;L Foe;ijfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLtjp y;iy. cz;ikapy;> ,k;kQ;rs; epwg; ghy; gpd;du; Ruf;fg;gLk; nts;is epwg; ghiytplg; ngWkjpahdJ. Neha; vjpu ;g;Gg; Gujq;fisAk;> Neha;f; fpUkpf isf; nfhy;yf;$ba capUs;s ntz;f yq;fisAk; ngUthupahff; nfhz;bUf; Fk; rPk;ghy;> ,aw;if Foe;ijf;Fj; jUfpd;w Kjy; jLg;G kUe;J MFk;. NkYk;> Foe;ijapd; Flypy; Njq;fpap Uf;Fk; fupa frLfisnay;yhk; fOtpr; Rj;jk; nra;J ‘fhl;Lg;gPr;ry;’ Mf ntspaDg;Gk; Ngjp kUe;jhfTk; rPk;ghy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> jdJ Foe; ijfSf;Fr; rPk;ghiy kWg;gNjhL khj; jpuk; my;yhky;> tPl;by; fhy;eilfs; me;jf; Foe;ijiag; ngw; nwLj;j jhapy; Fiwe;jsT ghNy Ruf; fg;gLtjhy; Foe;ijf;Fg; NghJkhdJ my;y vd;Wk; r%fj;jpy; fUj;Jfs; epy Tfpd;wd. ,jdhy; cldbahfNt Foe; ijf;Fg; Gl;bg;ghy; Gfl;l Muk;gpf;fg;gL fpwJ. nghJthf fu;g;g fhyk; 38 njh-
nrj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;w gup jhgkhd jftiy ntspapl;Ls;sJ. ,- jpy; ghjpg;Ngu; ruptuj; jha;g;ghy; fpil f;fhjjhy; Vw;gLk; Nghrizf; Fiwfsp dhNyNa kuzj;ijj; jOTfpd;wdu;. lq;fp 42 thuq;fs;. Foe;ij 37 thuq;f Sf;F Kd;dhy; gpwf;f NeUk;NghJ>
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isAk;> flikfisAk; kWf;fpd;w> kw ghy;Rug;igf; nfhz;Ls;s jha;khu;fspl
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,e;jpahtpd; epoYk; ep[Kk; ,Uf;fj;jhd; NghfpwJ NghYs;sJ.
,g;NghJ Vwf;Fiwa ,e;jpah> ,yq;ifg; gpur;rpidapy; xU tpku;rd epiyapy;jhdpUf;fpwJ. ,e;jpahtpd; mjp fhufSk; nghWg;Gkpf;f gpuKfu;fSk; ,yq;if ,dg;gpur;rpidiaAk; mjw; fhd murpay; mZFKiwiaAk; ,uh Zt Kidg;igAk; tpku;rpj;Nj tUfp d;wdu;.
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Page 16
-16- itfiw %isiaf; frf;Fk; Nrhjid
xUtu; nrhy;tJ cz;ikah vd;g
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Lk; ,e;j Ntjpg;nghUs; xUtifahd
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kaf;f kUe;jhFk;. ,ij xUtUf;F
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euk;G%yk; nrYj;jpdhy; mtUf;F Kg;
nra;a Nt rj;jpak; nra;ar; nrhy;tJ> Foe;ij
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Jtjw;Nf mjpfk; gad;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs;.
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,e;jpa ,ij kPWtjhf cs;sJ” vd;W Nghyp
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Mtzp 17> 2007 isiaf; frf;Fk; Nrhjid
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,e;j Nrhjidfspd; %ykhff; fpilf;fg;ngWk; jfty;fspd; mbg;gil apy; xUtUf;Fj; jz;lid toq;FtJ rupahf ,Uf;f KbahJ. ,e;j Nrhjid fs; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;l egu; vijr; nra; jhu; vd;W fz;lwptjw;F khwhf mtu; vd;d epidf;fpwhu; vd;gijNa fz;lwp fpd;wd. xUtupd; nraYf;fhf mtiuj; jz;bf;fyhNk jtpu mtu; rpe;jpj;jJ vd;d vd;gijf; nfhz;L mtiuj; jz ;bf;f KbahJ. mjw;F rl;lj;jpYk; ,l kpy;iy.
jw;NghJ mnkupf;fh cs;spl;l Nkiy ehLfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; c- z;ik mwpAk; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; ,uz;L tiffs; cs;sd. “g;nua;d; /gpq;fu; gpup z;bq;” vd;gJ Kjy;tif. ,ij 1980
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(jpU. utpf;Fkhupd;(tpLjiy rpWj; ijfs;) mDkjpAld; [_dpau; tpfld; - itfiw ,uz;Lf;Fkpilapy; vw;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;s tpNrl xOq;fpdika jpU. utpf;Fkhupd; ge;jp itfiwapy; njhl u;e;J ntsptUk;)
Page 17
Mtzp 17> 2007
-17- itfiw
Page 18
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Mtzp 17> 2007 Cu; elg;G
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Ntytha;gpw;fhd ,ytr cjtpia ePq;fs; TCESy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. Neupy; vkJ mYtyfj;jpw;F tUtjd; %yk; vkJ MNyhrfu; xUtiu re;jpj;J Ngrpf;nfhs;syhk; my;yJ njhiyNgrp %yNkh> kpd; mQ;ry; %yNkh vk;ik njhlu;G nfhs;Sq;fs; (416) 488-0084 ext. 300 Email: tces@tces.on.ca, www.tces.on.ca
2221 Yonge Street Suite 403 (Southeast corner of Yonge/Eglinton) Employment Assistance Services since 1978 funded by Service Canada
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Page 22
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Page 23
Mtzp 17> 2007
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Page 24
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yT ;jpu epiyapy; ghu;j;J ,Ug;gpy; epj;jpiuaw;W> ePz;l ,Wf;fg;gl;l ehshapd. epjhd- ,ae tho;
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gj;jpupif tpsk;guk; xd;wpy; tpj;jpah tpd; mg;ghu;l;nkd;by; W}k; thliff;F ,Ug;gij mwpe;J njhiyNgrpapy; tpj; jpahtplk; fijj;Jtpl;L> tpj;jpah ,Uf;
gdpapy; tpOe;j kdpju;fs;
fpd;w gpy;bq;Ff;Fg; NghNdd;. mts; fjitj; jpwe;J vd;id tuNtw;whs;. me;j tuNtw;gpd; jd;ikapy; cs;sj;J} a;ik xsp tPrpaJ. fs;sq;fglkpy;yhj kdR. Rkhu; Kg;gj;jhW taJ kjpf; fyhk;. rptg;gpy; kQ;rs; tpOe;j Nuh[h g;G+ Nghl;l ,e;J}Ndrpad; fTz; Nghl; bUe;jhs;. cs;Ns mioj;Jr; nrd;W W}ikf; fhl;bdhs;. gpd;du; Nrhghtpy; ,Uf;fr; nrhd;dhs;.
Frpdpg;gf;fkhfg; Nghd tpj;jpah@>
“vd;d Fbf;fpwPq;fs;? Nfhg;gpah? uPah?" vd;W Nfl;f
“cq;fSf;F Vd; tPz; rpukj;ij]]"
“guthapy;iy] ,jpy; vd;d rpukk;>"
“vJntd;whYk; guthapy;iy" vd;Nwd;. fzg;nghOjpy; uP Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L te; jhs;.
“W}k; gpbj;jpUf;fh?"
“XKq;f> vt;tsTq;f rhg;ghl;Nlhl. . ?"
“Kd;D}w;iwk;gJ nlhyu;" vd;W cil e;j Fuypy; nrhd;dhs;.
“gpur;rpidapy;iy. ehd; mLj;j khjk; Kjyhk; jpfjp thNwDq;f" vd;W nrh- y;y> mts; rk;kjk; Kfj;jhy; njup tpj;jhs;.
VNjh mtsplk; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk; Nghy; vd; kdjpy; mupj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Nfl;lhy; VNjDk; jtwhd Gupjy; epfo;e ;JtpLNkh? Nfl;fhky; NghdhYk; kdk; epk;kjpahf ,Uf;fhJ. rup vjw;Fk; Nfl; LtpL vd;W kdk; fl;lisapl;lJ Kb thf@
“nuypNghdpy; ehd; fijf;Fk; NghJ xU Foe;ijapd; rj;jk; Nfl;lJ Nghy; ,Ue ;jJ mtq;fyf;fhzy...?"
“mJ vd; nry;tp> mts; epj;jpiuaha;f; fplf;fpwhs;."
“cq;fil mtu; Ntiyf;Fg; Nghy...?" mts; nksdpj;J epd;whs;. vdf;F Vd; ndd;W tpsq;fiy. Kfk; fWj;J xU tpj Nrhfk; mtspy; ciwe;jJ.
“VNjDk; jtwha;f; Nfl;bUe;jhy; kd; dpf;fTk;." vd;W kpfTk; cile;j Fu ypy; nrhd;Ndd;. “mnjy;yhk; xd;W kpy;iy. me;jf; fd;whtpf; fijiar; nrhy;tnjd;why; ,g;g Neuk; NghjhJ. mJ xU Nrhff; fij." vd;whs;. ehd; Nrhghit tpl;L vOe;J fjit Nehf;fp ele;Njd;. VNjh Nrhfk; Kfj;jpy; vd; dpy; glu;e;J> vd; neQ;ir mOj;jpaJ. fjitj; jpwe;J topaDg;gpdhs;.
Kjy; re;jpg;gpNyNa vd; kdJf;Fg; gpb j;Jtpl;lJ mse;J NgRfpd;w thu;j;ij fs;> mlf;fkhd Fuypy; vijAk; njsp
nfhz;L thr; nrhy;Yjy;> mbf;fb myl;bf;
f nfhs;shj jd;ik> kw;wtu;fis kjpf;fp d;w jd;ikahapDk; mtSf;Fs; xU
vd; kdk; Nrhfk; FbapUf;fpwij tPl;bw;F te;j
wJ. jkpo gpd;du;jhd; mwpe;Njd;.
mJ. xU ,yf;fpak tpj;jpah Cupy; ,Ue;jNghJ fy;ahzk;
NghJk; es epr;rakhdJ. fdlh khg;gps;is vd;w
Dk; gbj;J fhuzj;jpw;fhfNt mtSila ngw;
ez;gdpd; Nwhu; nra;J itj;jhu;fs;. gpd;du; tpj;
tg;NghJ jpahtpd; fztu; '];nghd;ru; nra;a
isnay;y ,q;F te;Jtpl;lhs;. ,q;F te;J %d;W
Fwpg;gpy; v ehd;F khjq;fs; kl;LNk mtNdhL
fk; mg;gpf
-ehthe;Jiw lhdpay; [Pth-
tho Kbe;jJ. tpj;jpahtpd; fztDf;F
yha; me Vw;fdNt xU ngz;NzhL njhlu;gpUe;
vd; ez jJ. mjdhy; mtu; mbf;fb tPl;bw;F
ngau; rPj Nyl;lhf tUtij tpj;jpah mtjhdpj;
mtspd; $ Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. xU ehs; fhurh
ky; Ngha ukhd> tpthjj;jpd; gpd; fztu; tPl;bw;F
mlu;j;jpAk tuNtapy;iy. xU ehs;> ,uz;L ehs;
jg; ngz vd;W fhj;jpUe;J tUlq;fs; gy Ngh-
urpf;f Nt apd. tpj;jpah fy;ahzk; nra;Ak;NghJ
Yk;. rPjh nrhy;ypa thf;FWjpnay;yhk; cyu;e;J
fhjypj;Jf Nghapd.. mts; Vkhw;wg;gl;lij czu;
rpf;fnyd;w e;J kdjhy; nehWq;fpdhs;. fhyk; mt
rid Nf s;kPJ fUiz fhl;ltpy;iy. tpj;jpah
fijg;Ngd fu;g;gkhfp nry;tpia ngw;nwLj;jhs;.
by; ,y;y ,g;NghJ 'tpthfhuuj;Jf;F” tpz;zg;gpj;
f;f Ntz jpUe;jhs;.
ehs; fz f;fgl;L QhapW Ntiyapy;yhjjhy; nfhQ;rk;
ijg;gw;wp jhkjkhfNt vOk;GtJ vdf;F tpUg;
vOjpapUe gk;. Mdhy; mg;gb epfo;tjpy;iy. vd;
epidtpy; miwapd; fjT jl;lg;gl;lJ. epr;rak;
nrhy;fpwh nry;tpahfj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
“,d;wpuT “cs;Ns tuyhk;”' vd;W Fuy; nfhLj;
gpd; gf;f Njd;. fjitj; jpwe;J nry;tp te;jhs;.
khrp gj;j gpwe;jehs “khkh Fl;Nkhdpq;.. mk;kh cq;fis
vd;d nra Njj;jz;zp Fbf;f tul;lhk;” vd;whs;.
vdf;Fs; Nwd;. njh “gj;J epkplj;jpy; tu;wd; vd;W nrhy;Y".
vg;gb mt KbntLg nry;tp “rup khkh" vd;W nrhy;ypf;
jhy; vd;d
Mtzp 17> 2007
myl;bf; s kjpf;fp ;Fs; xU ;F te;j
y;ahzk; s vd;w a ngw; ;du; tpj; ; nra;a ;J %d;W tNdhL
tDf;F hlu;gpUe; tPl;bw;F tjhdpj; s; fhurh ; tPl;bw;F ;L ehs; gy Ngh- ;Ak;NghJ cyu;e;J j czu; hyk; mt tpj;jpah wLj;jhs;. pz;zg;gpj;
nfhQ;rk; ;F tpUg; ;iy. vd; epr;rak; ;Lk;.
; nfhLj; te;jhs;.
cq;fis d;whs;.
nrhy;Y".
nrhy;ypf;
nfhz;L fjitr; rhj;jptpl;Lg; Nghdhs;.
tpl;lJ. md;nwhU ehs; khu;fopapd; Kd;dputpy; mtsplkpUe;J tpil ngw;W vd; kdk; fle;j fhy epfo;Tf;Fs; nrd;
jkpofk; te;Njd; fz;zPu; frpNthL wJ. jkpofj;jpy; ehd; ,Ue;j fhyk;
jtpu;f;f Kbahky; gpupthapw;W. mjd; mJ. xU tre;j fhyk;jhd;. murpay;>
gpd;du; ve;jj; njhlu;Gk; itj;Jf; nfh- ,yf;fpak; vd;W tpupe;j tho;Tyfk;. vg;
s;s Kbahj Ntisapy; ,Ue;jNghJ NghJk; es;spuT ,uz;L kzptiu VNj
jhd; mts; fdlh nrd;wjhf mwpe; Dk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;Ngd;. ehd; xU
Njd;." rPjh kdg;ghlk; nra;jpUe;j vdJ ez;gdpd; tPl;by;jhd; ,Ue;Njd;. mt;
ehl;Fwpg;gpy; xUehs; gjpit vdf;F tg;NghJ vdf;Fs; vOfpd;w czu;Tf
rPjh nrhd;dNghJ@ fyhtpd; epidT isnay;yhk; thu;j;ijfshy; xU ehl;
jhd; kPz;Lk; vOe;jJ. Fwpg;gpy; vOjp itg;Ngd;. kdjpy; Nrh- gdpapy; tpOe;j fk; mg;gpf; kdpju;fs; nfhz;lhYk; mjd; tbfh
fhjy; Mz;fisf; nfhy;tijg;Nghy; ngz;fspYk; epfo;tJz;lh? mg;gb epf o;e;jpUe;jhy; Vd; ,d;Dk; njhlu;G nfhs; shky; mtshy; ,Uf;f Kb Ak;...? rpy Ntis vd; Kftup mt Sf;Ff; fpilf;fhky; ,Uf;fyhk; jhNd vd;W kdJf;F MWjy; $wptpl;L> rP- jhit epkpu;e;J ghu;j;Njd;. mtspd; Kfk; VNdh Nrhfj;jpy; thbf;fple;jJ.
“Vd; uh[h vg;NghNjh fhjypj;jPu;; vd;g jw;fhf ,g;NghJk; mijNa epidj;J kdjhy; nehe;J nfhz;bUf;fpwPNu. ,sikapd; Jbg;gpy; vOr;rpapy; vOe;j czu;thy; mtsplk; ckJ kdij gwp nfhL;j;jPu; ,y;iynad;dtpy;iy. vg;- Ngh tha;g;G tUnkd;W rpy Mz;fs; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ ePu; kl;Lk; me;jf; fhjYf;fha; epidthy; mOJ nfhz;bUf;fpwPu;. mJjhd; jtnwd;fp Nwd;." vd;whs;.
“vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mJ Kjy; fhjy;... fhjy; vd;why; vd;d vd;W mwp aKd; vOe;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; vd;Ds; mJ Vw;gLj;jpa khWjy;fs; vz;zpf;if aw;wit. mtNshL neUq;fpg; goftpy ;iynad;whYk; mtis urpj;Njd;. mt spd; ghu;itapd; njwpg;gpy; vd;idap oe;Njd;. vdf;Fs; mts; epidTfs; mj;jidAk; gjptha;As;sd. mtNshL tho;e;jjhf epidj;J ,d;Wtiu tho; e;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;. epidT cwq; fhJ. tpopj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ"
"nrhwp uh[h cq;fs; kdij Gz;gLj; jpapUe;jhy; vd;id kd;dpf;Tk;. Mdhy; vd;idg; ghUq;fs;. ehDk; xUj;jiu fhjypf;fpNwd;. mtNuhL epiwaNt fijf;fpd;Nwd;. tho;fifapd; Gupjy;> Nehf;F Nghd;wtw;iwg; gw;wpnay;yk; fijg;gJz;L. Mdhy; mtd; mijg; gw;wp vJTNk ftiyg;gLtjpy;iy. -ehthe;Jiw lhdpay; [Pth-
mNjNghy; ehDk; nghupjhf md;G it- j;J gofKbahj epiyapy; jhkiuj; jlhfj;jpy; epw;Fk; ePu;Nghy; vd; epiy. Mdhy; xU Ntis gpupjy; vd;W epfo; e;jhy; $l ehq;fs; ftiyg;glg; Nght yha; me; ehl;Fwpg;gpNyNa gjpthFk;.
jpy;iy. ele;jtw;iw xU fdtha; vd; ez;gDf;F xU jq;if@ mts;
epidj;J kwe;J tpLNthk;. Mdhy; ngau; rPjh. nfhQ;rk; fWg;ghapUg;ghs;.
ePq;fs; mg;gbapy;iy. mJf;fhf tho; mtspd; $e;jYf;Fs; rpyNtis fhzh
e;J@ mjw;fhfNt mope;J NghtPu;fs; ky; Ngha;tpLNtd;. fUikAk;> ePsKk;>
Nghy; njupfpd;wJ. mjdhy; jhd; cq; mlu;j;jpAk; nfhz;l jiyKbahd ve;
fis epidf;f ftiyahf ,Uf;FJ” jg; ngz;fisg; ghu;j;jhYk; mtw;iw
vd;W rPjh nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; urpf;f Ntz;Lk;Nghy; vd; kdk; nrhy;
NghNj ez;gd; fjitj; jpwe;J nfh- Yk;. rPjh Vw;fdNt xU igaidf;
z;L cs;Ns te;jhd;. fhjypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;. VNjDk; rpf;fnyd;why; $l vd;dplk;jhd; MNyh
“vd;d J}q;fiyna" vd;W Nfl;lhd;. rid Nfl;ghs;. ehDk; kdk; jpwe;J fijg;Ngd;. vd; ehl;Fwpg;ig ehd; tPl;
“,y;iy> rhg;gpl;lgpd; rhg;ghL nrkpg;g by; ,y;yhj Ntis mts; thrpj;jpU
jw;fhf ,UtUk; fijj;Jf; nfhz;bU f;f Ntz;Lnkd;W epidf;fpd;Nwd;. xU
e;J tpl;Nlhk;. Neuk; NghdJ $l njup ehs; fz;fs; fyq;fpathW> vd;kPJ ,u
ay;iy" vd;W rpupj;Jf; nfhz;L nrhd; f;fgl;L ehl;Fwpg;gpypUf;fpd;w tplaj;
Ndd;. ijg;gw;wp vd;NdhL gfpu;e;jhs;. mjpy; vOjpapUe;j tplaj;jpy; rpytw;iw
“jpUr;rpf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;baij kwe epidtpy; itj;J vd;dplk; mts;
;jpl;lha;...? ehisf;F Ntisf;F vOk;g nrhy;fpwhs;...
Ntz;Lk;. fhiyapy; g]; vLj;jhy;jhd; gpd;Nduk; ,yf;fpaf; $l;lj;jpw;Fg; Nghf “,d;wpuT J}q;Ftjw;F Kd; ehl;Fwpg;
yhk; mg;gbNa cr;rpg;gps;isahu; Nfh- gpd; gf;fj;ijj; jpUg;GfpNwd;. ,d;W
apy;> ];uPuq;fk;> jpUthidf; Nfhapy; khrp gj;jhk; jpfjp. vd; ,dpatspd;
vy;yhk; ghu;f;fyhk;. ,uT Nf.Nf. ef gpwe;jehs;. mts; ,t;Ntis fdlhtpy;
upy; Re;ju; tPl;by; jq;fpapUe;J kWehs; vd;d nra;fpwhNsh njupaiy. Mdhy;
fhiy nrd;idf;Fj; jpUk;gyhk;" vd; vdf;Fs; mtspd; epiditr; Rkf;fpd;
whd;. Nwd;. njhlu;G nfhs;s Kbahj R+oypy;
ehd; Ngrhky; jiyia mirj;Njd;. vg;gb mtSf;F tpUg;gkpy;iy vd;W KbntLg;gJ. mJKjy; fhjy; vd;g jhy; vd;dpy; neba typia Vw;gLj;jp
25k; gf;fk; ghu;f;fTk;
Page 25
Mtzp 17> 2007 gdpapy;.. 24k; gf;fj;njhlu;r;rp
nrd;idapy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;jhd; xU ehs; ehDk; rPjh Tk; tPl;by; ,Ue;J ePz;l Neuk; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;tpl;L@ kj;jpahd ntapypd; ntf;if fz;iz krf;fp J}f;fj;jpw;F nfhz;LNghdJ. ehd; fl;bypy; nfhQ; rk; mrjpahfptpl;Nld;. rPjh fl;bYf;F gf;fkhf ,Ue;j Nkirapd;Nky; jiy- ia itj;jgb fl;bypy; ,Ue;jhs;. jpB nud.... vd;id rPjh vOg;gpdhs;. ehd; jpLf;fpl;L tpopj;Njd;.
“uh[h vd;id tpl;Ll;lh J}q;fpwha;.?" vd;whs;. vdf;F vd;d nrhy;tnjd;W njupahky; nksdpj;Njd;. fzg;nghO jpy;...
“Vd; rPjh eP J}q;fyah...?"
“Nkirapy; jiyia itj;Jf;nfhz;b Ue;Njd;> Mdhy; J}q;fy"
“Vd;... ?"
"cd; epidT vd;idf; nfhy;YJ."
“vd;d nrhy;w...cdf;nfd;d gapj;jpakh gpbr;rpl;LJ."
“vd; fhjy; tho;T Kwpe;J tpl;lJ." ehd; tpf;fpj;Jg; NghNdd;.
“vd;d ele;jJ ?"
“mtd; ntWk; Rfk; NjLk; fhKfd;. mjdhy; vdf;F gpbf;fNy@ New;iw NahL mtid if fOtp tpl;Nld;". ehd; vijNah ,oe;jJ Nghy; epi df;f...
mts; vd;idg; ghu;j;J “,ijnay;yhk; ehNd ngupjhf vLf;fy> eP Vd; mijg; gw;wp Nahrpf;fpwha;? uh[h cdf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd 'gpNsd; uP'' Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L tul;lh... ?”
“rup Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L th.." vd;Nwd;. ,uz;L fg;gpy; NjePu; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L te;J vdf;F xd;iw je;jhs;. ehd; nrhQ;rk; fz;fis NkNy cau;j;jp mts; ifapy; itj;jpUe;j NjdPu;; Nfhg; igia vl;bg; ghu;j;Njd;. me;jf; Nfhg; igapYk; ntWk; NjdPu;jhd;.
“Vd; rPjh eP gpNsd; uP Fbf;fpwjpy; iyNa? ,g;g jpBnud.. ?"
“uh[h ,dpNky; cq;fSf;F vJ gpbf; fpwNjh... mnjy;yhk; vdf;Fg; gpbf;Fk;."
“vd;dpy; cdf;F vJnty;yhk; gpbf; Fk;?"
“FQ;RKfk; gpbf;Fk;> FWe;jhb gpbf; Fk;. cd; ftpij gpbf;Fk;. nkhj;jj;jpy; cd;idNa gpbf;Fk;" vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L vd;id jd; neQ;NrhL miz j;J Kj;jkpl Kad;whs;. mtspd; Ngr; rpy; vd;id kwe;jpUe;j vdf;F neQ ;NrhL mizj;jTld; Nfhgk; te;jJ... “rPjh ,ij vd;NdhL itj;Jf;nfhs; shNj. eP epidf;fpw epiyapy; ehd; ,y;iy. ,z;ilNahl ,e;jr; Nrl;il nay;yhj;ijAk; epWj;J! xU kdpjd;kPJ md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf Mjp f;fk; nrYj;Jfpwha;. ,t;tsT ehSk; cd;id vd; rNfhjupahf epidj;Jj; jhd; gofpNdd;. eP ,g;gb ele;J nfhs; tha; vd;W fdtpy;$l ehd; epid f;fy....”
“uh[h ,g;gTk; nrhny;wd;> vg;NghNj epfo;e;j xd;Wf;fha; tho;whNah mJ jhd; jtW. ehd; cd;id ,d;W tpUk; gpdjhf eP epidf;fhNj cd;Dila xt;nthU nraYk; vd;idg; ghjpj;jJ@ vdf;Fs; khWjy;fis cz;L gz;zp aJ. ,d;W nrhy;yhtpl;lhYk; cd; gjp
Yf;fhf fhj;jpUg;Ngd;.."vd;whs;.
vg;gbNah %d;W tUlk; xbtpl;lJ. ehd; kPz;Lk; aho;g;ghzk; Ngha;tpl; Nld;. rPjhTk; ntspehl;L tplak; rup- tuhky; kd;dhUf;F jpUk;gp te;J tpl; lhs;. rPjhit mts; tPl;Lf;fhu; jpU kzk; nra;a tw;GWj;jpdhu;fs;. mts; tpUk;gtpy;iy. vdf;Fk; mtSf;Fk; kl;Lk;jhd; fhuzk; njupAk;. gpd; mt Sila ez;gpaplk; xU fbjk; kd;dh upypUe;J nfhLj;J mDg;gpdhs;. mf;fb jj;jpy;....
vdf;Fg; gpupakhdtNu!
ehd; eyk;> eyk; mwpa Mty;. vd; idj; jpUkzk; nra;Ak;gb vdJ tPl; lhu; tw;GWj;Jfpd;whu;fs;. ehd; vd;d KbT vLg;gnjd;W Gupahj epiyapYs; Nsd;. eP vdf;Fs; tho;fpwha;.. mg;gb ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,d; ndhUtDf;Fr; nrh- e;jkhtJ vg;gb? vd; ,jak; cd;idr; R- ke;J neLehsha; tho;fpd;wJ. jkpof j;jpy; tho;e;j tho;- Nt ,d;Dk; vdJ ,Ug;ig ,dpikah f;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd; wJ. vg;gbahapDk; cdJ gjpiy nfhL j;jDg;gp tplTk;. mg; gb mDg;g tpy;iy ahapd; eP ,d;Dk; vd;id tpUk;gtpy; iynad;Nw KbntLf;fyhnkd;W epid f;fpNwd;. vd;Wk; cd;id Nerpf;Fk; -rPjh
ehd; fbjj;ij thrpj;J Kbj;jJk; vd; fz;fs; fyq;fpaJ. Vd; ,d;Dk; vd; kdk; fdlhtp;y; tho;fpd;w fyhitg; gw;wpNa epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ... ? rPjh NtW xUtid fhjypj;J iftpl; ljhyh.... rPjhit tpUk;g kWf;FJ kdR. vd; kdk; xU fzk; rQ;ryg; gl;lJ. rPjhtpd; mz;zd; vd;id ftdpj;j tpjk; vy;yhk; vd; kdjpy; Njhz;wp kiwfpwJ. ehd; gjpy; fbjk; nfhLj;J tpltpy;iy.
rPjh ,d;ndhUtdpd; kidtpahfptpl; lhs;!
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For all your Auto, Home and Life Insurance needs see State Farm Agent
Tel:
Tel: 905-336-0762, Fax: 905-336-5653 Email:
jeff.wright.j916@statefarm.com
Jeff Wright, Agent
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Baskaran Thiyagarajah, Service
416-999-2774
LIKE A GOOD NEIGHBOUR STATE FARM IS THERE TM
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Page 26
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AUCTIONS UNRESERVED AUCTION: Prime industrial land with exceptional frontage on Alberta's busiest corridor, Hwy. 2, Ponoka, 4 parcels, 45+/- acres, 110,000+/- sf buildings. Ritchie Bros. Edmonton Auction, Sept. 6. Visit Real Estate: www.rbauction.com or call 1-877-675-5263.
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,g;NghJ tPl;by; Nghu; vd;why; (Mq; fpy (B)Nghu;) ,g;NghJ Nghu; (rku;) cyh Nghfg; gakhf ,y;iy. Vnddpy; kdprp jkpou; kypT tpw;gidf;F Nght jpy;iyNa!
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*FULL/PART-TIME RESP S AGENTS URGENTLY NEEDED to Education Savings Grants fr Federal Government, one of Ca Leading Registered Edu Savings Plan (RESP) provid REGISTERED NURSE, tions available. Acute full-time Emergency posi-
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GRO
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eds:
vertise Across Ontario or Across the Country!
For more information contact Your local newspaper
INANCIAL SERVICES
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T
HELP WANTED ART-TIME RESP SALES URGENTLY NEEDED! Due tion Savings Grants from the Government, one of Canada's Registered Education Plan (RESP) providers is cing EXPLOSIVE GROWTH. t marketing support. FULL G. Car a must. Call Toll-Free 3-RESP (7377), Fax: 1-866- P, Email: ibbert@HeritageRESP.com. IRING - General Labourers / Pickers / Experienced & Forklift Operators. MISSIS- . Please email resume to mstaffingsolutions.org or fax to (905) 760-7991. D WEEKLY! Company needs /full-time help to process d bank accounts. Call 1-800- 6.
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Page 30
-30- itfiw The Limits of State Sovereig
The Responsibility to Protect in the 21st C
Eighth Neelam Tiruchelvam Memorial Lecture by Gareth Eva International Crisis Group, International Centre for Ethnic St Colombo, 29 July 2007
Continue from Last Issue
That trouble is compounded when it is remembered that coercive military inter- vention, while absolutely not at the heart of the R2P concept — as I have just been saying — is nonetheless a reactive response that cannot be excluded in real- ly extreme cases. So any understanding of R2P as a very broad-based doctrine, which would open up at least the possibil- ity of military action in a whole variety of policy contexts, is bound to give the con- cept a bad name.
The short point, which cannot be repeated too often, is that R2P is not about protecting everybody from every- thing. It's about protecting men, women and children from large-scale killing, eth- nic cleansing and crimes against humani- ty — either occurring now, or imminently feared likely to occur, or readily capable of so occurring if a situation deteriorates through want of effective preventive action.
Misunderstanding Three. The third misunderstanding, and it's really a subset of the second, is the notion that R2P is about responding to conflict and human rights abuses generally. The problem here is not so much R2P being stretched to deal with all the world's ills — from HIV/AIDS to climate change — but being too indiscriminately applied to a narrower group of those ills. But as much as people need protection from the horror and mis- ery of any violent conflict, and from the ugliness of tyrannical human rights abuse, 'R2P situations' have to be more narrowly defined.
If they are perceived as extending across the full range of human rights vio- lations by governments against their own people, or all kinds of internal conflict situ- ations, it will be difficult to build and sus- tain any kind of consensus for action: we will find ourselves rapidly back in the area of North governments worrying about how to justify foreign entanglements where no vital national interests seem to be immedi- ately involved, and South governments being concerned about their sovereignty being at risk of interventionary over-reach.
To say it again, 'R2P situations' must be seen only as those actually or poten- tially involving large-scale killing, ethnic cleansing or other similar mass atrocity crimes — situations where these crimes are either occurring or appear to be immi- nent, or which are capable of deteriorating to this extent in the absence of preventive action — and which should engage the attention of the international community simply because of their particularly con- science-shocking character.
Looked at in this way, for example, Iraq at the time of the coalition invasion in 2003 was not an R2P situation, because although there were clearly major human rights violations continuing to occur (which justified international concern and response, for example by way of censure and economic sanctions), and although mass atrocity crimes had clearly occurred in the past (against the Kurds in the late
1980s and the southern Shiites in the early 1990s) such crimes were neither actually occurring nor apprehended when the coalition invaded the country in early
2003. By contrast, it would be proper to characterise the situation in Iraq now, in July 2007, as an R2P one, because there is every reason to fear — particularly in the context of a precipitate withdrawal of foreign forces from the centre of the coun- try — that the present situation, bad as it
is, will rap break of c and ethni of the Ira
What needs to be understood much mor clearly than it has been that not just one criter but multiple criteria mus
satisfied if coercive, non-consensual militar force is to be deploye within another country
sovereign territory; it is not just a matter saying that if a thresho of seriousness is crosse
then it’s time for the invasion to start.
from whic the wider
Burun example described nobody h
its of State Sovereignty:
Protect in the 21st Century
cture by Gareth Evans, President, Centre for Ethnic Studies (ICES) ,
See Page 31
Mtzp 17> 2007
s in the neither ed when in early
roper to now, in se there cularly in rawal of the coun- bad as it
one, moreover, which has not at any stage involved coercive military action — just a lot of hard, grinding preventive action to ensure that the worst which everyone feared did not in fact happen. is, will rapidly deteriorate into massive out-
The situation there was certainly capable break of communal and sectarian violence
of deteriorating into the kind of large scale and ethnic cleansing beyond the capacity
genocidal violence that wracked neigh- of the Iraqi government to control, and
bouring Rwanda, and it arguably only the intense engagement of many international actors — including among others Nelson Mandela with his mediation, South Africa with its troop presence, the International Crisis Group with our analysis and advo- cacy, and the new Peacebuilding Commission with its making of Burundi its first case — that has prevented that occur- ring.
Misunderstanding Four. The last big misunderstanding is that R2P justifies coercive military intervention in every case where large-scale loss of life, or large- scale ethnic cleansing, is occurring or apprehended. What needs to be under- stood much more clearly than it has been is that not just one criterion but multiple criteria must be satisfied if coercive, non- consensual military force is to be deployed within another country's sovereign territo- ry: it is not just a matter of saying that if a threshold of seriousness is crossed, then it’s time for the invasion to start.
As the ICISS Commission said in its 2001 report, and the High Level Panel in its report to the UN before the 2005 World Summit, and UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in his pre-Summit report, and as What needs to be
every serious supporter of R2P has made abundantly clear, military intervention for human protection purposes is a desper- derstood much more
ately serious, exceptional and extraordi- nary measure, which has to be judged by not just one but a whole series of pruden- rly than it has been is t not just one criterion
tial criteria.
The first of those criteria is the serious- ness of the threat to people which is occurring or apprehended: this would ultiple criteria must be
need to involve large scale loss of life or ethnic cleansing to prima facie justify something as extreme as military action. atisfied if coercive, n-consensual military
But there are another four criteria, all more or less equally important, which also have to be satisfied: the motivation or primary purpose of the proposed military action (whether it was primarily to halt or avert rce is to be deployed
the threat in question, or had some other main objective); last resort, viz. whether there were reasonably available peaceful hin another country's sovereign territory;
alternatives; the proportionality of the response; and, not least, the balance of consequences — whether overall more good than harm would be done by a mili- tary invasion. s not just a matter of ing that if a threshold eriousness is crossed,
Even if one stretched the threshold cri- terion, as to seriousness of human rights threat, to its absolute limit in the case of Iraq in 2003, it doesn't take much analy- sis — even looking just at what we knew then, not now — to generate grave doubts as to whether the balance of conse- then it’s time for
quences of an invasion could possibly be positive. he invasion to start.
One of the many disappointments of the World Summit is that although guide- lines for the use of force of just this kind
from which it would be unconscionable the wider world to stand aloof.
for
were argued for in all the reports I have mentioned, in the hope that this would lead to their adoption by the Security
Burundi since the early 90s is a good example of what can properly be
Council, they were not adopted by the Summit — caught in a diplomatic pincer
described as an 'R2P situation', although nobody has really badged it as such. It is
Page 31
Mtzp 17> 2007 The Limits
From Page 30
movement between the US, who wanted no such restrictions to affect any decision to use force, and some in the South who, I think very misguidedly, argued that to adopt guidelines purporting to limit the force would in fact, by recognising its legit- imacy in at least some cases, on the con- trary encourage it.
Of course no prudential criteria of this kind, even if agreed as guidelines by the Security Council, will ever end argument on how they should be applied in particu- lar instances, for example Darfur right now. But it is hard to believe they would not be more helpful than the present total- ly ad hoc system in focusing attention on the relevant issues, revealing weaknesses in argument, and generally encouraging consensus.
While answers are readily available to all the misunderstandings I have described, and others as well, there is no doubt that a considerable effort of analysis and advocacy will be necessary to keep the flame of R2P alive, and to create a global environment in the 21st century, like no other before it, where we can be confident that the Holocausts and Cambodias and Rwandas and Bosnias of the past, and the Darfurs of the present, and maybe the Iraqs of the near future, really will happen never again.
One of the efforts in which I and Crisis Group and a number of other major global NGOs have recently been involved, and in which I hope wonderful institutions like ICES will become involved shortly, is put- ting together a project to fund and estab- lish a new 'Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect', based in New York, but with a strong North-South char- acter and outreach, to work on just these issues – to be a resource base and cata- lyst for ongoing activity worldwide by NGOs, like-minded governments and international organisations. Although there will be some in this country and this region who will certainly differ, I hope there will not be too many in this audience who would think this whole effort misguided.
It has taken the world an insanely long time, centuries in fact, to come to terms conceptually with the idea that state sov- ereignty is not a license to kill — that there is something fundamentally and intolera- bly wrong about states murdering or forcibly displacing large numbers of their own citizens, or standing by when others do so. Now that we have at last won recognition of that in this new century, with the unanimous acceptance of the principle of the responsibility to protect by the world's assembled heads of state and government in 2005, it seems to me — and I hope to all of you here — that it would be a tragedy now for there to be any backsliding. I don't think there will be, but it's going to take a lot of effort and energy from men and women of goodwill all round the world to ensure not only that R2P con- tinues to be accepted in principle, but is effectively operational in practice.
III
This leads me to ask finally — as I guess a number of you in this audience will have already been asking yourselves, and are about to ask me — what has all this to with Sri Lanka, here and now? Is this horrible, apparently intractable conflict — that took Neelan Tiruchelvam's life, and has taken the lives of so many scores of thousands of others — properly described as an R2P situation? And if so, what fol- lows from that? Whose responsibility is it to do what?
Since the resumption of hostilities last
summer, both the government and the LTTE have been careful to keep their mili- tary actions, and their terror and counter- insurgency operations, within certain lim- its. While more than 4,500 have been killed over the last 20 months, and both government and LTTE forces have repeat- edly violated international humanitarian law, the recent violence has not crossed the boundary into mass atrocity or obvious genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, or crimes against humanity. The violence has been contained just this side of full-scale disaster and internationally-recognised catastrophe.
We know, nonetheless, that for those who directly experience the war it is brutal and devastating. Hundreds of thousands — three hundred on UNHCR's figures, two hundred on the government's — have sur- vived the Tiger shelling and bombing, or the government's aerial attacks and multi- barrel rocket launchers, only to face months of constant displacement — in jungles, in camps, or in the overcrowded houses of family or friends.
And we know, from recent history as
Should the war move into the LTTE-controlle
areas in the north, it is likely to be much m
fierce than the recen fighting in the east, and the impact on civili
is almost certain to be devastating
well as informed analysis of present politi- cal dynamics, that there are plenty of rea- sons to fear that things can get much worse, especially if the war turns from the east to the north, as it appears may already be happening. Recent Sri Lankan
history of large-scal ous war c there are on both s could be e from both suggest t well be ex dards.
Should controlled be much m ing in the is almost war grows over into haps thro ians desig politically side. Such sions they lead to the elements
All this Lanka is a may not b
crimes — Srebrenic occurring to occur, b is capable So it is a
-31- itfiw
and the their mili- counter- rtain lim- ve been and both e repeat- anitarian t crossed r obvious nsing, or ence has full-scale cognised
for those t is brutal ousands ures, two have sur- bing, or nd multi- to face nt — in rcrowded
istory as
ent politi- ty of rea- et much from the ars may ri Lankan
history offers all-too-many examples of
preventive action, by the Sri Lankan gov- large-scale atrocities, mass graves, seri-
ernment itself, but with the help and sup- ous war crimes and ethnic cleansing. And
port of the wider international community, there are disturbing signs that the restraint
to ensure that further deterioration does on both sides — such as it has been —
not occur. could be eroding. The rhetoric and threats from both sides are increasingly dire and
So what would an effective preventive suggest the next round of fighting could
strategy, featuring cooperation between well be extreme even by Sri Lanka's stan-
the Sri Lankan government and the inter- dards.
national community, actually look like? This is not the occasion for me to offer any Should the war move into the LTTE-
kind of comprehensive analysis or pre- controlled areas in the north, it is likely to
scriptions, covering all the necessary be much more fierce than the recent fight-
issues in all the necessary detail: we in ing in the east, and the impact on civilians
Crisis Group have only been here on the is almost certain to be devastating. As the
ground for a year, and we are still feeling war grows more vicious, it could well spill
our way. And I have been talking to you, I over into areas outside the north — per-
suspect, quite long enough already. But let haps through deliberate attacks on civil-
me try to sketch just in outline what in our ians designed to provoke excessive, and
judgement the main elements of that strat- politically damaging, replies from the other
egy — legal, military and political — side. Such attacks and the communal ten-
should involve. sions they are sure to increase, could well lead to the further erosion of the remaining
First, as to the legal element. elements of the rule of law.
Recognising that the government's pri- mary responsibility, like that of any state, All this makes it hard to argue that Sri
is to protect all its citizens, it must take Lanka is anything but an R2P situation. It
steps to ensure that all its citizens are may not be one where large-scale atrocity
accorded the equal protection of the laws. The record in this respect leaves a great deal of room for improvement. As Crisis Group has documented in our most recent report on Sri Lanka, there have been hun- dreds of abductions, disappearances, and killings, both by the Tigers and by security forces that are part of or linked to the gov- ernment. These have taken place with vir- tually complete impunity. To date there has been only a single indictment announced for an identifiable human rights violation committed by government personnel.
The priority need is effective prosecu- tions. This means disciplining those mem- bers of the police and security forces who are known to have intimidated witnesses; setting up an effective witness protection program, with active assistance from other governments concerned with supporting Sri Lanka's justice system; providing an adequate and independent budget to the Presidential Commission of Inquiry head- ed by Justice Udalagama; and making full use of the resources of the International Independent Group of Eminent Persons rather than challenging its legitimacy and trying to limit its mandate.
In a recent letter to members of the US Congress, Sri Lanka's ambassador to the United States has rejected the need for United Nations help in monitoring the human rights situation, while calling rather for technical assistance to strengthen the government's policing and judicial capaci- hould the war move o the LTTE-controlled
ties. But these should not be either-or options. As the recent experience in Nepal shows, UN human rights monitoring can play an important role in supporting and developing the state’s capacities to protect areas in the north,
its citizen’s rights. The Sri Lankan govern- ment should not see UN monitoring as punitive, or invasive. Instead, it's designed likely to be much more erce than the recent
to help government authorities do their job better, in part by increasing the confidence of witnesses.
Secondly, as to the military element. fighting in the east,
the impact on civilians
The government's sovereign responsibility is not to put its own citizens at undue risk. For this reason, the government must resist the temptation to continue its military campaign into the areas of the Northern is almost certain
Province held by the LTTE. Here, too, the international friends of Sri Lanka have a role to play. to be devastating
Sri Lanka's conflict presents a particu- larly difficult situation for would-be peace- makers in part because of the very real dif-
crimes — Cambodia-style, Rwanda-style, Srebrenica-style, Kosovo-style — are occurring right now, or immediately about to occur, but it is certainly a situation which is capable of deteriorating to that extent.
ficulty of containing and taming the LTTE. Given the deliberately provocative manner in which the Tigers attacked government forces in late 2005 and early 2006, and given their past willingness to target civil-
So it is an R2P situation which demands
See Page 32
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The Limits
arms. At the very least, then, until the gov-
From Page 31
ernment comes up with a constitutional ians and the brutal nature of their rule in north, the government clearly has legiti- mate security concerns to which it must respond. Sri Lanka's international sup-
offer that at least non-separatist Tamil leaders can take seriously, there should be no international support for offensive operations in the north. porters can assist the government's legiti- mate need to defend itself and protect its
The All-Party Conference, headed by people by strengthening the global crack-
Minister Tissa Vitharana, provides a down on Tigers fundraising, arms procure-
ready-made process through which the ment and coercive control of the Tamil
SLFP and parties both within and out of diaspora outside Sri Lanka.
government can come to terms on such an offer. The majority and minority reports Various foreign states bear some of the responsibility for allowing the Tigers to build up their power over the years, in part on the misguided belief that they were a legitimate national liberation movement. It's time to make amends for that by mak- ing it harder for them to wage war and to carry out terror attacks — by better enforc- ing existing restrictions on the LTTE's abil- ity to raise money, buy weapons and prop- agate its message of violence.
of the expert committee offer excellent starting points for a final consensus. The government needs to do everything it can to encourage the APRC process, begin- ning with a clear public statement that the SLFP is not wedded to its own particular proposal to the APRC and will not veto a consensus plan that offers more extensive devolution at the provincial level. Meanwhile, the opposition parties — in particular the UNP — need to become active and enthusiastic members of the All that said, and done, the probability remains, on all available historical and analytical evidence that it is highly unlike-
process, willing to assist in the develop- ment of a meaningful proposal that could form the basic of a lasting settlement.
SLFP is not wedded to its own particular proposal to the APRC and will not veto a consensus plan that offers more extensive devolution at the provincial level.
ly that the Tigers can be defeated militari-
IV ly. Some argue, however, that while the outright defeat of the Tigers may be out of
I hope it will be apparent from what I have reach, weakening them militarily would
said about the R2P principle, including help persuade them to negotiate serious-
how it might be applied to the present ly. It is true that some means must be
traumatic situation here in Sri Lanka, that found to force the Tigers to start negotiat-
this is a complex, multi-dimensional con- ing in a serious way, after repeated
cept, which is genuinely aimed at helping refusals to do so over the years. But
countries find their way, with international attempting to regain control of the territory
support, through apparently intractable they control in the Wanni does not seem
internal situation — and that it is simply to be the way to do this. Even assuming
grotesque to describe it as a tool of the Tigers can be significantly weakened,
Western imperialists. the past thirty years teaches us that this is not likely to encourage them to negotiate:
I don't think Neelan Tiruchelvam, were the more probable LTTE response in
he alive today, would have any difficulty in these circumstances is retreat to uncon-
grasping this. His loyalties weren’t to any ventional warfare, and possible attacks
closed, static version of state or nation or designed to provoke government or
community. He understood very well what Sinhalese attacks on Tamil civilians.
were the limits of state sovereignty, and the nature of sovereign state responsibili- Thirdly, as to the political element. The
ties. His central intellectual and political government's responsibility is to seriously
struggle was to help reinvent Sri Lankan seek an ultimate political settlement that is
politics beyond competing and defensive responsive to such justice as there is in
nationalisms, whether Tamil or Sinhalese, the Tamil cause. If it can work at all, the
and his perspective in this was that of a "fight now in order to negotiate later" strat-
genuine cosmopolitan, alive to the possi- egy will work only if the government is
bilities of what such a polity could con- ready with a package of political and con-
tribute to the wider world, and to what the stitutional reforms that appeal to non-sep-
wider international community, provided it aratist Tamils and non-LTTE Tamil parties,
acted in a principled and consistent way, and were at least capable of discussion by
could contribute to peace and stability and the LTTE itself.
development within this country.
In the end, the only pressure to which
Neelan's belief in the power of words the Tigers are likely to respond is political
and of ideas, his devotion to pluralism and pressure. This will have to be a combina-
democracy, his active defence of human tion of domestic pressure — based on the
rights and the rule of law, and his tireless two major political parties finally coming to
work towards a peaceful, negotiated bind- some consensus on constitutional reforms
ing of his country's agonisingly self-inflict- that address Tamil grievances — and
ed wounds, made him not only a great Sri international pressure that limits the
Lankan, but a great international citizen — Tigers' ability to raise funds to wage war
whose memory we celebrate on this day. and maintain their grip on the north.
His beliefs and principles, and his capaci- International pressure on the Tigers with-
ty to translate them into action, have never out corresponding political moves by the
been more sorely needed, both here in Sri government will be ineffective and per-
Lanka and in the wider global community haps even counter-productive, to the extent that it served to further isolate the Tigers and push them into extremism, and drive more moderate Tamils into their
Page 42
Mtzp 17> 2007 Ketheesh: Champion of Tamil Rights in United Lanka
[August 12th is the first death anniversary of Ketheswaran Loganathan. This article was writ- ten last year shortly after his death]
The Country is going mad with ven- omous hatred! Highly educated profes- sionals and intellectuals are at each oth- ers throats over the internet. The racist gobbledygook put out against each other by those on either side of the ethnic fence makes one want to puke. One is appalled and aghast at the depths of depravity to which members of two cultured races could descend to
Even as vocal warriors battle it out on their computers the real Mccoys are fight- ing it out on the battlefields of Muham- aalai, Mandaitheevu and Maavilaaru. Death, destruction and displacement is at its highest. The propaganda war is on at full scale with T. Ruth being killed again and again and again
Death has become a mere word. The number of deaths is a simple statistic. Life is “nasty, short and brutish”. Humanity is at its lowest ebb...”Oh to be far from the madding crowd and away from this igno- ble strife”.
Even in such vile atmospheres where life and death are fast becoming meaning- less a single man’s or woman’s death too
D.B.S. Jeyaraj
cannot have any meaning. Yet there are people whose deaths diminish all of us. Their departure leaves us sad and shat- tered. The loss is not to the nearest and dearest alone but to all of humanity.
The death of Ketheeswaran Logan athan called generally as “Ketheesh” was one such instance. One more person capable of rising above hatred and insani- ty in present day Sri Lanka is no more. With his departure one more Tamil who wanted his people to live with equal rights in a united Lanka and champion that cause in the face of danger has been done away with. Only a few of us are left now.
Ketheeswaran or Ketheesh was of Jaffna origin (Thunnalai South) but born and bred in Colombo. He studied at St. Thomas’s College Mt. Lavinia and Loyola College, Madras before proceeding to the USA for higher studies. He was the scion of an elitist Tamil family.
His father was the legendary banker and economist Chelliah Loganathan. There was a time when Loganathan , General Manager of Bank of Ceylon was regarded as a powerful financier wielding much influence in Sri Lanka.The bank’s lending policies caused much controver- sy.Buddhika Kurukularatne in his eminent- ly readable Sunday column refers to a description of Loganathan by the journalist par excellence Denzil Peiris. “Like a Sea Street chettiar, Mr. C. Loganathan sits in his York Street office with his greasy fin- gers on the national economy.”
Ketheesh born in 1952 was two years older than I. He was the youngest in the family. Chelliah and Thilakavathy Log- anathan had six children. Ketheesh had three elder sisters Gowri Tharmaratnam,
Vasuki Maheswaran and Lalitha Yogas- undaram and two elder brothers Sath- ananthan and Sritharan..
His sister Gowri passed way recently. She was married to Tharmaratnam a top economist at the World Bank. Another sis- ter Vasuki is married to Maheswaran a medical doctor in the US who I think is the brother of former Jaffna MP Yogeswaran. Ketheesh himself was married to Bhavani Kumarasamy who worked in the International Centre for Ethnic Studies (ICES) until recently and is presently
attached to Centre for Policy Alternatives (CPA)
Ketheesh had pronounced left lean- ings. One of his father’s brothers Tharma- kulasingham was a well - known Sam- asajist leaders of an earlier vintage. Thar- makulasingham who contested the Point Pedro Constituency in 1947 on the LSSP
ticket was at a very stances. Tharmaku tainly hav the left m inherited t
Kethe Bachelors stration f Washingto lopment Social Stu also work Institute Sussex, U
Kethe
He uncompromisingly bel that the liberation of a pe could not be founded on
the celebration of deat the negation or even suspe
of basic democratic valu
Jaffna Tam outside Ja and intere Life for t entirely d oppressio possible t life of lu Lankan po
esh: Champion of Tamil s in United Lanka
-33- itfiw
ary of as writ- h]
Yogas- rs Sath-
recently. am a top other sis- waran a ink is the eswaran. Bhavani in the Studies presently
ernatives
left lean- Tharma- n Sam- ge. Thar- the Point he LSSP
ticket was a very popular leftist who died
But some of these people did not do at a very early age amid tragic circum-
so. Instead they chose to engage in politi- stances. Many people feel that had
cal struggle and worked for the emancipa- Tharmakulasingham lived he would cer-
tion of the Tamil people in a united Sri tainly have become a prominent leader of
Lanka. They were able to see both sides the left movement. In a way Ketheesh
of the question and bring a sense of bal- inherited this leftist legacy.
ance and moderation to the prevailing dis- course that was often rabid. The ability to Ketheesh Loganathan, received a
see both sides and understand the other Bachelors degree in Business Admini-
mans point of view is often a great bless- stration from Georgetown University in
ing. But in contemporary Sri Lanka it was Washington , USA and a Masters in Deve-
a curse. It often made you an outsider in lopment Studies from the Institute of
both camps. Ketheesh belonged to this Social Studies at Hague, Netherlands. He
rare breed of persons. also worked on a masters degree at the Institute of Development Studies in
At the time of his death Ketheesh was Sussex, UK.
Deputy Secretary - General of the Secretariat for coordinating the peace Ketheesh belonged to a segment of
process (SCOPP) and Secretary of the All Party Representative Committee (APRC). This makes him appear as a pro - govern- ment “establishment” man. The eulogies heaped on him by the “Govt guys” rein- force this impression. This is perhaps the unkindest cut of all.
The life and times of Ketheeswaran Loganathan would demonstrate that he was at no time a toady of anyone least of all a Govt in power. He was a fiercely inde- pendent man of thought and action. Let there be no mistake Ketheesh was a Tamil Nationalist. Not of the variety that has descended into violence and barbarity but of the kind which believes in a negotiated settlement ensuring Tamil rights through federalism in a united Sri Lanka. This is a vanishing species but some of us are around still.
The CPA’s executive director Dr. Packiyasothy Saravanamuthu summed up Ketheesh aptly and succintly in a state- ment.-
“Kethesh Loganathan was a valued colleague, a former Director of the Centre for Policy Alternatives (CPA) and the first head of its Peace and Conflict Analysis Unit. He was a passionate advocate of human rights, an unflinching champion of the rights of the Tamil people and of an end to the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka with democracy, justice and dignity for all.”
” Whilst Kethesh was an ardent and proud nationalist, he brought the same fer- vour, passion and commitment to the compromisingly believed
cause of unity in diversity, multi culturalism and a settlement of the ethnic conflict based on meaningful power sharing. He he liberation of a people
uncompromisingly believed that the libera- tion of a people could not be founded on fear, the celebration of death, the negation not be founded on fear,
or even suspension of basic democratic values. This made him a stringent and celebration of death,
fearless critic of the LTTE for their insis- tence on being the sole representatives of the Tamil people and for their reliance on ation or even suspension
terror, repression and violence.”
It would be a great injustice to asic democratic values.
Ketheesh’s memory if one were to view his life only through the present prism. His was a life that dedicated itself to service and sacrifice for the betterment of human- Jaffna Tamil society that lived and studied
ity. After returning from abroad he worked outside Jaffna but retained a positive love
as a researcher at the Marga Institute (77 and interest in the land of their ancestors.
- 79) and Social Scientists Association (79 Life for this category would have been
- 81). He worked on issues of develop- entirely different if there was no ethnic
ment and under development. oppression in Sri Lanka. Even then it was possible to have gone abroad and lived a
It was then that his father now retired life of luxury and seclusion from Sri Lankan politics.
See Page 34
Page 43
-34- itfiw
Keethesh
“roadmap to peace” blueprint with the
was grea
From Page 33
objective of taking the Oslo - facilitated
of 17 aid launched an enterprise aiming to generate
peace process forward.
Muthur funds and economically develop the badly neglected and deprived North - East. Possessing a romantic streak and a wist- ful nostalgia for an “imagined” Jaffna Ketheesh went to Jaffna and took charge of his father’s project. At the same time he co - founded another institution for North - Eastern development called DEREC ( Centre for Development Research, Ed- ucation and Communication) in Jaffna in 1981.
Soon Ketheesh became critical of the
Those direction the peace process was taking.
of the opi He felt that the strategy of dealing with the
time befo LTTE alone was not a positive one.
APRC. Be Instead Ketheesh felt that there should be
science K an emphasis on human rights, pluralism
mised wit and democracy for the Tamil people. Child
the kind o conscription and exterminating of those
sonality to with alternate political views by the tigers
powers th was particularly upsetting. Ketheesh became openly critical of the process and
Sadly It was during this stay in Jaffna that Ketheesh’s life was taken over by revolu- tionary politics.. October 1981 was the time of the First Congress of the newly formed Eelam Peoples Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF). A close and trusted friend joined the EPRLF and con- vinced Ketheesh that he too must do so. So Ketheesh joined what was then a rev- olutionary political organization.
the conduct of the LTTE. This was not a
ed Kethee popular position to take and soon
the first Ketheesh was becoming increasingly iso-
Kadirgam lated.
clothes re due to se This also placed him under LTTE
rity meas threat. Increasingly pressured, Ketheesh
believe. O once consulted Lakshman Kadirgamar
faces ap and obtained some security measures for
Windsor his protection. Ketheesh quit the CPA
Dehiwela. early this year with the objective of taking The 1983 July anti - Tamil pogrom changed life drastically for Tamils. Different people responded differently. Ketheesh went to Chennai and became a full time activist of the EPRLF. Having independent means he did not lead a commune or camp life like many of his other comrades. He stayed in a flat within walking distance of the EPRLF’s Eelam Peoples Information Centre (EPIC) at
up duties as research director at the
Instea Bandaranaike Centre for International
as was Studies (BCIS). But he changed his plan
Ketheesw when Mahinda Rajapakse offered him the
Kethees h Deputy Secretary-General position at
gate insi SCOPP. He took up duties on March 29th
Instead th this year. In July he became Secretary of
rounds w the APRC.
He was t admittanc This was a difficult decision for Choolaimedu and attended office dutifully.
It was during this period that Ketheesh
One he was naively optimis forged a firm friendship with the lovable Pathmanabha alias Ranjan who was
gradually influencing EPRLF Secretary - General at the time.Ketheesh and Varatharajapperumal
the regime positively were the EPRLF representatives at the famous Thimphu talks in 1985. He also
Two he felt someone like him represented the EPRLF in many negotia- tions with and without publicity.
be embedded in the power s
Then came the Indo - Lanka accord of
that was virtually without a 1987. Ketheesh returned home but took no part in the pro - Indian EPRLF North -
of significance in order to c Eastern Administration. He went to Hague and continued his higher studies. Kert-
the anti-Tamil impulse heesh also got affiliated to the “Conflict Resolution Programme” of the Peace Research Institute in Oslo, Norway and was awarded a two year research fellow- ship at the Agriculture University of Nor- way to complete a study on the “Plantation system in Sri Lanka and the search for sustainable development”.
Ketheesh and he did consult some friends
Given before taking it. Personally I think it was a
in Sri Lan grave misjudgement on his part as I feel
and shut that Mahinda Rajapakse has a not so well
and Palith hidden agenda for war rather than peace.
the LTTE The Peace Secretariat under PTB Kohona
The LT has become a propaganda tool for Sinhala
described After Padmanabha was killed by the
supremacist ideology.
“junior K LTTE in 1990 June Ketheesh’s role in the EPRLF began decreasing. Though he remained in the movement it was a case of being ” in but not of”. His relationship with the new leader Suresh Premachand- ran also deteriorated. Ketheesh continued to represent the EPRLF in public fora including the Mangala Moonesinghe select committee. Finally in 1994 Ke-
Yet Ketheesh took the plunge with two objectives. One he was naively optimistic of gradually influencing the regime posi- tively. Two he felt someone like him should be embedded in the power structure that was virtually without any Tamil of signifi- cance in order to contain the anti-Tamil impulses. theesh formally quit the EPRLF but remained on friendly terms with many activists.
Re-entering Academia Ketheesh served as a research consultant at the Centre for Policy research and Analysis (CEPRA). He authored the book “Sri Lanka: Lost Opportunities” in 1996.
Ketheesh also took to journalism. He functioned as Consultant to the short - lived “Week- end Express” where he wrote a popular column “Truthfully speaking” under the pseudonym Sathya. He later wrote articles as “Sathya” for the Daily Mirror too. In 1998 he was awarded the Hubert Humphrey Fellowship and was enrolled for a year at the College of Journalism in Maryland University.
Thereafter Ketheesh joined the Centre for Policy Alternatives and was in charge of the peace and conflict analysis unit. He played an important role in forging the
My fe I apologiz last wee Anyways news mak
Despite his background and good intentions Ketheesh received flak from the Sinhala hawks. Sinhala expatriates object- ed to his appointment overtly and branded
cleared b FIBA tour have not year man
him an “Eelamist” and “Kotiya”. The JVP and JHU worked against him covertly. The JVP paper “Lanka” had a nasty article about him on Aug 6th.
Shocking NBA refe
Meanwhile Ketheesh himself was becoming uncomfortable and frustrated in his new assignment. For one thing an undeclared war was being waged with the SCOPP cheering from the sidelines. The All Party Conference was becoming a time-buying charade without any mean- ingful direction.
guilty to related to making a shooting shooting able by th T.J. Ford Texas to something
More importantly the impunity with which human rights violations were being committed by the armed forces troubled him greatly. He began trying to collect as much information about these as possible. According to informed sources Ketheesh
ON the Spo
Reag
players w an effort t children important
Next b says that play for t
Mtzp 17> 2007
with the acilitated
al of the s taking. with the ive one. hould be pluralism ple. Child of those he tigers etheesh cess and as not a d soon ingly iso-
er LTTE etheesh dirgamar sures for the CPA of taking r at the rnational his plan him the sition at rch 29th retary of
sion for
e friends it was a as I feel t so well n peace. Kohona r Sinhala
with two optimistic me posi- m should ture that of signifi- nti-Tamil
nd good from the s object- branded The JVP ertly. The ty article
elf was strated in thing an with the nes. The oming a y mean-
nity with re being troubled ollect as possible. etheesh
was greatly agitated about the massacre
expose Ketheesh’s “nefarious” activities. of 17 aid workers by the security forces in
Nothing followed. Another website Muthur
referred to him as an “ex-EPRLF” member forgetting that the EPRLF Suresh faction Those who know Ketheesh well were
is now within tiger folds of the opinion that it was only a matter of time before he quit the SCOPP and
Though Ketheesh had for long APRC. Being a man of principle and con-
remained an LTTE critic and often stated science Ketheesh could not have compro-
his views openly the tigers had not target- mised with “evil” for long. Also he was not
ted him. If the LTTE was now responsible the kind of person to subordinate his per-
why did the tigers do so? was the question sonality to the whims and fancies of the
on the Tamil grapevine. Though the killers powers that be.
spoke fluent Sinhala they could have been an underworld gang given a killing con- Sadly “Yaman “the God of death visit-
tract by the LTTE. If the LTTE was indeed ed Ketheesh first. It was on August 12th
responsible the only plausible reason the first anniversary of Lakshman
seemed to be Ketheesh joining the Kadirgamar’s death. A Police team in plain
SCOPP and possibly his role in tha APRC. clothes regularly checked up on Ketheesh due to security reasons. This was a secu-
The CPA statement observes thus- rity measure arranged for by SCOPP I believe. On that fateful day some “new”
” Whilst the identity of his killers has faces appeared at his residence 1B
not been established and no single organ- Windsor Avenue off Vanderwert place,
isation or actor has the monopoly of politi- Dehiwela.
cal killing in the current climate of division and violence in our country, the Instead of asking for “Mr. Loganathan”,
LTTEâ€TMs record of assassinations of as was usual, they asked for “Mr.
political opponents and Kethesh’s public Ketheeswaran”. Somewhat suspicious
profile as one of their most trenchant crit- Kethees hesitated between front door and
ics, invariably marks them out as prime gate insisting on some identification.
suspects. We call on the LTTE to refute Instead the assassin fired a 9 mm. Five
this by unequivocally condemning his rounds were fired with three hitting him.
murder. We call on the Government of Sri He was taken to hospital but died upon
Lanka to conduct a speedy and impartial admittance.
investigation into Kethesh’s murder and to ensure that the perpetrators are appre- hended and brought to justice.” was naively optimistic of
So far the LTTE has “officially” ignored radually influencing
Ketheesh’s killing. There has been no statement denying responsibility. The e regime positively.
Government is said to be investigating the murder but given past history there is little felt someone like him should
chance of a breakthrough. Of course many innocent Tamils will be detained and dded in the power structure
interrogated. Some Sinhala officials will become richer and release some of them. virtually without any Tamil
As time goes on Ketheesh Loganathan will become one more statistic but will ficance in order to contain
often be cited as proof of LTTE wicked- ness. e anti-Tamil impulses.
C. Loganathan was a devotee of the Thirukketheeswaram temple dedicated to Lord Shiva in Mannar district. That is why Given the murky conditions prevailing
he named his youngest son in Sri Lanka his killing was not an open
Ketheeswaran. May the soul of Ketheesh and shut case. Both Mahinda Rajapakse
break the cycle of rebirth and attain heav- and Palitha Kohona were quick to accuse
enly bliss at the feet of Lord Shiva. the LTTE .None can rule the tigers out. The LTTE website “Nitharsanam”
Courtesy of TransCurrents described Ketheeswaran as a traitor and “junior Kadirgamar” and threatened to ON the Sports Curve
My fellow readers of the sports curve, I apologize for the absence of my article last week due to technical difficulties. Anyways the sun is up and only Raptors news maker is Jorge Garbojosa who was cleared by his medical staff to play in the FIBA tournament but as of yet the Raptors have not cleared the 31 year old second year man to play for his country of origin.
Reagan Levermany
Shocking headlines confirm that former NBA referee Tim Donaghy has pleaded guilty to two counts of felony charges related to gambling. The new Raptor is making air waves in California while shooting his instructional video on the shooting stroke. Something very remark- able by the Raptors starting point guard, T.J. Ford who returned to the University of Texas to complete his education. This is something different because basketball players with their vast millions still making an effort to continue their education shows children everywhere education is very important.
Next basketball issue on the grapevine says that the he would definitely love to play for the Canadian team but due to
scheduling difficul- ties he can’t com- mit to the team to help qualify for the 2008 Olympics. He has stated that he has so many things on his schedule he possi- bly can’t change his plans for his country. Being a Toronto native I would have expected more from Jamal Magaloire. The only steady pro Torontonian on the New Jersey squad should have shown more commitment to his country.
Jays have been the laughing stock of the MLB, although every year it is the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, surprising the team is doing good but not the Jays. Having several key players out of the line- up such as Troy Glaus, Vernon Wells, and others, the team has been playing poorly and it is filled with power hitters. Every one that knows something about basketball they will know that the more contact hitters will get the job done at least more than power hitters anyway. First, it’s the issue of the GM who undoubtedly is not doing his job to better the team and the signing of the centre fielder Vernon Wells was a good move but aside from that he has done nothing else. J.P. signing of A.J. Burnett has been a blander of move to bring in talent to a team that isn’t commit- ted to be successful team.
Page 44
Mtzp 17> 2007
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itfiw
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