Page 1
PERSPECTIVES ON PEA FROM JAFFNA
SOCIAL IND
O
© Social Indicator, October 20

RSPECTIVES ON PEACE OM JAFFNA
SOCIAL INDICATOR OCTOBER 2002
ocial Indicator, October 2002

Page 2
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
PERSPECTIVES FROM JAFFNA ON PROCESS AND ISSUES OF CO
Introduction Though marred by sporadic incidents of violence and protest, the peace process in Sri Lanka has moved into its eighth month following the completion of the first round of talks between the Government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE. In this context, Social Indicator (SI), an independent opinion research organization, operating under the Board of Directors of the Centre for Policy Alternatives (CPA), initiated a periodic survey in the Jaffna peninsula. To date, two waves have been conducted in July and October 2002. The survey captures the trends in confidence of the people on the peace
process affect people The su 18 of Valikam used adminis intervie respond Financi provide Develo Govern Project
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Unemployment emerged as the issue of most co Over one third of the people believe that pe opinion has increased in October An overwhelming majority continues to belie through negotiations. The belief that all ethnic communities can liv 71.2% in July to 58.5% in October Over 73% of the people believe the need for th to solve the North-East conflict In October, over a third of the people believe t last – an increase when compared to opinion in While a majority of the people agree that th effective this opinion has decreased since July 20 An overwhelming majority of the people (82.4% at the talks i.e. the setting up of the Joint T Committee Over 61% of the people claim that they are high the first round of talks
© Social Indicator, October 2002

1 fna
ES FROM JAFFNA ON THE PEACE SS AND ISSUES OF CONCERN
cidents of process in hth month first round ent of Sri
r (SI), an ganization, irectors of es (CPA), the Jaffna have been 02. trends in the peace
process and other issues of concern that affect the hopes and aspirations of the people of Jaffna. The survey carried out from the 14th to the 18th of October 2002 in the Jaffna, Nallur, Valikammam and Vadamarachchi areas, used a structured questionnaire, administered through face-to-face interviews amongst a sample of 323 respondents. Financial assistance for the survey was provided by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) through the Governance and Institutional Strengthening Project (GISP) of the University of Ottawa.
ed as the issue of most concern to the people e people believe that peace will be achieved soon. This in October ajority continues to believe that peace can be achieved
hnic communities can live together has decreased from
in October le believe the need for third party involvement is essential st conflict rd of the people believe that the Ceasefire Agreement will
compared to opinion in July the people agree that the SLMM is both impartial and has decreased since July 2002 ority of the people (82.4%) approve of the decisions taken etting up of the Joint Task Force (JTF) and the Joint
le claim that they are highly satisfied with the outcome of

Page 3
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
BURNING ISSUES AND SATISFACTION AVAILABLE FACILITIES AND SERVICES
In October 2002, a majority (26.6%) of the people surveyed that is of most concern to them. As the graph indicates, th majority of the people surveyed placed maximum priori (33.8%). For 12.4% of the people of Jaffna, the cost of living rem this figure has decreased from July 2002 (18.4%). In Octobe (5.3%), education (5%) and security (4.6%) as issues that them.
The most important i
40
35
8 . 3 3
30
8 . 3 2
.6 6
1
5
3
T
2 25
%
20
15
.4 5 1
4 . 8
4 . 2 1
10
5
5
2
0
7 .
3 .
.1 .6 4
2 1
1 c i n
t c
t n e
f o
.3
3 . 0
2 .
1
. 2
h t E e
i l f n o C
m y o l
t s o C
g n i v i L
n o i t a c u
m s i r o
y t i r u
h
p
e h T
d E
r r e T
c e S m e
n o i t p u r r o C U
l a t n e m n o r i v n E n
n o i t u l l o p
© Social Indicator, October 2002

2 fna
ND SATISFACTION LEVELS REGARDING
AND SERVICES
%) of the people surveyed ranked unemployment as the issue As the graph indicates, this is a shift from July 2002 where a placed maximum priority to ending the North-East war
a, the cost of living remains the most burning issue, though y 2002 (18.4%). In October 2002, people ranked human rights urity (4.6%) as issues that were of the greatest importance to
The most important issues
1
July '02 October '02
7
.3
.6 4
0
1
2 .
.8 2
.9
3 . 3
3 . 5
.3 4
.3 1
0
S
3 .
2 .
1
2
3 . 0
7 . 0
0
9 .
y t i r
n o i t
l a t n
n
r e d r
s
t
s u c e
p u r r o C
e m n o r i
o i t u l l p E
o
o d n a
L v
w
y c a r c o m e D
t h g i r n a m u H a
n e m e l t t e s e R n
t h g i r g n i h s i F

Page 4
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
Level of satisfaction with facilities/se
Availability of raw material for
0.12 construction
-0.11
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Average (10 point scale)
In October 2002, when asked to state their level of satisfact services, an overall level of dissatisfaction can be note satisfaction with transport, health and education opportunit respectively. The level of satisfaction with humanitarian assi on a ten-point scale in October 2002.
0.4
Communication facilities
0.55
1.65
Electricity
1.66
Government loan schemes
-2.16
-1.04
Housing
1.39
1.91
Availability of food
Humanitarian assistance
-1.33
-0.23
Health
1.51
Transport
2.4
Education opportunities
1.42
2.3
Employment opportunities
-0.32
© Social Indicator, October 2002

3 fna
faction with facilities/services
1
0.12
0.4
0.55
1.65
1.66
1.42
0 1 2 3 4 5
verage (10 point scale)
2.85
1.39
1.91
October '02 July '02
state their level of satisfaction with some available facilities and ssatisfaction can be noted amongst the people. Levels of and education opportunities have fallen to 2.41, 1.51 and 1.42 ion with humanitarian assistance has fallen from –0.23 to –1.33 002.
2.9
4.14
1.51
2.97
2.41
3.8
2.3

Page 5
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
MEANING OF WAR AND PEACE
In October 2002, the perception that peace means ethnic (48.8% in July 2002 to 67.8% in October 2002). The belief also risen considerably from 29.8% in July 2002 to 53.3% increase in the number of people who equate peace with a 9% in October 2002).
What does 'peace' mean to you ? [Multipl
80
70
67.8
60
50
53.3
48.8
%
40
29.8 30
20
18.7
13 10
0
1.9
4.3
0
End of war Ethnic
Feeling safe End of harmony
terrorism
When asked what war meant to them, a majority in October and destruction (58.8%). The belief that war means fightin people, while 10.5% state that it is disharmony amongst race
There is an increase in the number of people who hold tha (6% in July 2002 to 19.5% in October 2002).
What does 'war' mean to you ?
6
Separa
70
60
50
%
40
34.2
36.8
30
19.5 20
10
7.4
10.5
16.4
1
0
Means of achieving peace
Fighting for rights
Disharmony amongst races
Hindran
econom develop
© Social Indicator, October 2002

4 fna
PEACE
that peace means ethnic harmony shows a notable increase ctober 2002). The belief that peace means the end of war has % in July 2002 to 53.3% in October 2002. There is also an who equate peace with a separate state (4.3% in July 2002 to
' mean to you ? [Multiple Answers]
0
July '02 October '02
em, a majority in October 2002, continue to say that it is death ief that war means fighting for rights is held by 36.8% of the
disharmony amongst races.
er of people who hold that war is a means of achieving peace ober 2002).
oes 'war' mean to you ? [Multiple Answers]
7.4
23.4
3
1.9
23.5
afe End of
terrorism
4.3
9
Separate state Freedom
58.8
5.3
Disharmony amongst races
50.7
0
July '02 October '02
10.5
16.4
14.6
Hindrance to economic development
Death/ Destruction
Terrorism

Page 6
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
SOLUTIONS TO THE CONFLICT
When will there be peace in Sri Lan
60
50
40
31.4
35
%
30
20
10
5.4
6.2
3.3
0.6
2
Soon Within the
next 5yrs
In October 2002, a large proportion of the people (49.8%) for when peace will be established in Sri Lanka. This figure July 2002. 35% believe it will be soon, while 6.2% believe th the next five years.
How do yo
peace in
0 0.6 0
1.9
5
0
Within the next 10yrs
Not in my life time
Nev
100 90 Peace talks as the path to achieving peace in Sri Lanka is
80 70 60 sanctioned by an overwhelming
%
50 majority of people (91%).
40 30 20 10
Governme defeating the L
© Social Indicator, October 2002

5 fna
NFLICT
there be peace in Sri Lanka ?
2
52.2
1.9
49.8
e rs
July '02 October '02
ion of the people (49.8%) remain unable to give a time frame in Sri Lanka. This figure has decreased slightly from 52.2% in oon, while 6.2% believe there will be peace in Sri Lanka within
How do you think we can end the war and have peace in Sri Lanka ? [Multiple Answers]
0
5
5.3
Not in my life time
Never Do not know
100
91
0
Government defeating the LTTE
89.3 90 o is
80 70 60 g
%
50 40
July '02
October '02
30 20 10
0.6 2.3
2.2
LTTE defeating the Government
Peace talks

Page 7
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
More than half the people (57.3%) believe there hasn’t been odd years as a result of corrupt military and political leader in July 2002. While 27.9% state that there has been no s political will, 19.8% of the people believe that it is because w There is an increase in the number of people who attribute the Government not wanting peace (5.7% in July 2002 to 12
Why do you think there hasn't been a solution to th [Multiple Answers]
70
60
57.3
50
%
40
31.5 30
27.9 22.8 20
10
1.7
5
3.1
1.2 0
Corrupt military and political leaders
Can total victory be achieved by one of the parties in this war ?
11.4
3
0.7
No political
The strength of
The strength of
LTTE does n will
the LTTE
the
want peace Government
60
50
48.8
47.4
40
%
30
27.8
30.3
July ' Octo 20
17
10
0
Yes No Not sure
© Social Indicator, October 2002

6 fna
) believe there hasn’t been a solution to the war for the past 15 ilitary and political leadership. This is an increase from 31.5% that there has been no solution to the war due to a lack of believe that it is because war is necessary for people in power. er of people who attribute the lack of a solution to the war to ce (5.7% in July 2002 to 12.7% in October 2002).
sn't been a solution to the war for the last 15 odd years ?
[Multiple Answers]
3
0.7
July '02 October '02
ieved by one of the is war ?
27.8
19.8
14.9
3.1
1.2
5.7
e strength of
the overnment
12.7
9.4 9.7
LTTE does not want peace
The Government does not want peace
War is necessary for people in power
Don't know
47.4% of the public perceives that neither party can achieve total
30.3
victory in this war while the number who feels the opposite has increased to 17% in October 2002, from 11.4% in July 2002.
Not sure
July '02 October '02

Page 8
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
LEVEL OF TOLERANCE AND PLURALISM
Do you think all the ethnic communities can
80
71.2 70
60
58.5
50
%
40
30
27.2
20
14.4
10
5.4
6.2
0
Yes No Never
In October 2002, when asked whether all ethnic commun the people (58.5%) believe they can. This figure however 2002 (71.2%).
THE PEACE PROCESS AND INTERNATIONA INVOLVEMENT
What is your opinion of the need for an inte involvement to solve the North East w
80
69.6
73.1
70
60
50
%
40
30
20
10
7
3.7
0.7
0.3 2.3
0.9 0
Is essential Will add a
Will have no
Will add a positive impact
impact
negative impact
There is an increase in those who believe that international t solve the North-East war in Sri Lanka (69.6% in July 2002 to
© Social Indicator, October 2002

7 fna
AND PLURALISM
ethnic communities can live together ?
5.4
July '02 October '02
ND INTERNATIONAL THIRD PARTY
n of the need for an international third party's o solve the North East war in Sri Lanka ?
7
6.2
8.7
8
Never Don't know
whether all ethnic communities can live together, a majority of y can. This figure however shows a notable decrease from July
July '02 October '02
12.7
13.3
0.3 2.3
0.9
5
6.4
l have no
Will add a
Is not essential Do not mpact
negative impact
know/Not sure
believe that international third party involvement is essential to anka (69.6% in July 2002 to 73.1% in October 2002).

Page 9
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
5% believe it is not essential while only 3.7% say it will add or unable to comment on third party facilitation.
Please tell me if you approve or disapprove of N continuing to assist in the Sri Lankan peace pr
62.8
15.5
6.2
0
Please tell m Norway assisti
90
81.9 As the graph depicts, approval for Norway
80
74
70
assisting in the Sri Lankan peace process has decreased
60
%
50 40 from 81.9% in July 2002 to
30 74% in October 2002.
20 10 0
Approve
70 60 50
%
40 30
20 10
Approve Neither approve nor
disapprove
Disapprove
© Social Indicator, October 2002

8 fna
e only 3.7% say it will add a positive impact. 13.3% are unsure
rty facilitation.
Please tell me if you approve or disapprove of Norway assisting in the Sri Lankan peace process ?
90
81.9 80
74
70 60
%
50 40
July '02 October '02 30 20 10
5.7
8.4
3.3
2.8
7.7
14.9
0
Approve Neither approve
nor disapprove
prove or disapprove of Norway the Sri Lankan peace process ?
A further 62.8% approve of Norway’s continual assistance in the peace process.
6.2
Disapprove Don't know/not
sure
15.5
nor Disapprove Do not know/Not
sure

Page 10
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
What is your opinion of the need for India's in
Sri Lanka peace process ?
45 40
36.8
38.
35 30
%
25 20 15
23.8
23.1 12
6.8
3.3
1.9
9
14.2
10 5 0
Is essential Will add a
Will have
Will add a
Is not positive
no impact
negative
essentia impact
impact
The study shows a decrease in the perception that Indian process is essential – from 36.8% in July 2002 to 23.8% in O public believes that India’s involvement is not essential (38.1 The number of people who feel India’s involvement will h process shows an increase from 9% in July 2002 to 14.2% in
CEASEFIRE AGREEMENT
What do you think of the longevity of the ceasefir
agreement ?
70 60
59.2
51.4 50
%
40 30
32.8 25.1
20
13.7
15.5
10 0
The ceasefire
The ceasefire agreement will last
agreement will not last long
long
There is a decrease in those who say they are very satisfied agreement from 47.8% in July 2002 to 39% in October.
Do not know/Not sure
© Social Indicator, October 2002

9 fna
of the need for India's involvement in the Lanka peace process ?
9
38.1
13.9
e t
23.1
July '02
14.2
12
October '02
Will add a
Is not negative
essential impact
he perception that Indian involvement in the Sri Lanka peace in July 2002 to 23.8% in October 2002, while a majority of the ement is not essential (38.1%).
India’s involvement will have a negative impact on the peace % in July 2002 to 14.2% in October 2002.
T
say they are very satisfied with Norway’s role in the ceasefire 2 to 39% in October.
don't know/not sure
longevity of the ceasefire
ent ?
59.2
51.4
st
32.8% of the public feels that the ceasefire
July '02 October '02
agreement will last. This is an increase from 25.1%, while a majority (51.4%) is unsure.
Do not know/Not sure

Page 11
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
Please state your level of satisfaction with N
ceasefire agreement.
60
50
47.8
40
39
35.1
35.3
%
30
20
10
4
3.7
0.7
0 0
Very satisfied Somewhat
satisfied
While it is a decrease from July 2002 (42.5%), a majority somewhat satisfied with the implementation of the ceasefire
What is your level of satisfaction of the imp
ceasefire agreement ?
39.1
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied d
45 40
42.5
38.1
35 30
24.8
%
25 20 15
10.5 10 5
3.7 5
3.7
0
Very satisfied Somewhat
satisfied
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
© Social Indicator, October 2002

10 fna
el of satisfaction with Norway's role in the
ceasefire agreement.
0.7 1
July '02 October '02
2002 (42.5%), a majority (38.1%) continues to state they are mentation of the ceasefire agreement.
of satisfaction of the implementation of the
ceasefire agreement ?
3.7
2
16.1
her d nor isfied
10.7 3.7
0
2.5
Somewhat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Do not know/Not sure
July '02
13
October '02
5
either fied nor atisfied
10.5
5.6
8.4
Somewhat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Do not know/Not sure

Page 12
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
SRI LANKA MONITORING MISSION (SLMM)
81.1% of the people are aware of the involvement of f ceasefire. Of those who are aware of the involvement of majority (88.9%) believe it is essential.
Though a majority of those aware of the SLMM believes the of the ceasefire agreement (45.8%), this is a decrease from Ju
I think the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission is
monitoring of the ceasefire agreem
70
60
57.2
50
45.8
40 %
30
20
10
10.7
16.7
8
13.3
0
Agree Neither agree nor
Disagree disagree
35.9% believes that the SLMM is effective in its monitorin seen in the graph, this too is a decrease from July 2002 (46.5
I think the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission
monitoring of the ceasefire agree
50
46.5 45 40
35.9 35 30 %
25
22
20
14.4
11.4
16.7 15 10 5 0
Agree Neither agree nor
disagree
Disagree
© Social Indicator, October 2002

11 fna
G MISSION (SLMM)
of the involvement of foreign monitors in monitoring the re of the involvement of foreign monitors, an overwhelming
tial.
of the SLMM believes the SLMM is impartial in its monitoring ), this is a decrease from July 2002 (57.2%).
a Monitoring Mission is impartial in its g of the ceasefire agreement.
8
July '02 October '02
s effective in its monitoring of the ceasefire agreement and as
rease from July 2002 (46.5%) to 35.9% in October 2002.
ka Monitoring Mission is effective in its ng of the ceasefire agreement.
11.4
22.7
22.9
13.3
or Disagree Do not know/Not
sure
26.8
16.7
24.1
July '02 October '02
nor Disagree Do not know/Not
sure

Page 13
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
THAILAND TALKS
68.1% of the people said they are aware of the peace talks Lanka and the LTTE in Thailand.
Are you aware of the talks that took place i Thailand between the Government of Sri Lank
the LTTE ?
80 70
68.1
60 50 %
40
31 30 20 10 0
Yes N
If "Yes", are you
up a Joint Comm Of those who said they were aware of the peace talks, a majority (50.9%) are unaware of the decision to set up a Joint Task Force (JTF) and Joint Committee.
50.9
Further, there is overwhelming approval (82.4%) by those w at the talks, to set up a JTF and Joint Monitoring Committee
© Social Indicator, October 2002

12 fna
aware of the peace talks held between the Government of Sri .
he talks that took place in Government of Sri Lanka and e LTTE ?
31.3
No
If "Yes", are you aware of the decision to set up a Joint Committee and Joint Task Force (JTF) ?
48.2
50.9
proval (82.4%) by those who are aware of the decisions taken int Monitoring Committee.
0.9
Yes No No response

Page 14
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
While 58.1% of those aware of the talks held in Thailand statement made by Dr. Anton Balasingham that Eelam does state and that the LTTE would settle for regional a Balasingham’s statement is a credible one. 12.2% remain una this statement.
Please state your opinion on the credibility
statement.
50
47.3
45 40 35 30 %
25 20 15
12.2
10 5 0
Yes, it is a credible statement Do not know/Not sure
A majority (61.3%) state they are highly satisfied with the ou
Please state your level of satisfaction with the
the talks.
70
61.3 60 50
%
40 30 20 10
3.6
2.3
0.5 0
Highly satisfied Somewhat
Neither satisfied
satisfied nor dissatisfied
55.9% of the people are aware of the President’s request for talks, while 42.3% claim to be unaware of the President’s req Of those who are aware of the President’s request for repre with her request. 36.3% agree with her request.
Somewhat dissatisfied
© Social Indicator, October 2002

13 fna
the talks held in Thailand in October 2002, are aware of the lasingham that Eelam does not connote a separate, independent ld settle for regional autonomy, 47.3% believe that Dr. ible one. 12.2% remain unable to comment on the credibility of
pinion on the credibility of this
statement.
12.2
1.4
not know/Not sure No, it is not a credible
statement
highly satisfied with the outcome of the talks.
l of satisfaction with the outcome of
the talks.
2.3
0.5
9
0
either sfied nor atisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Highly dissatisfied
Do not know/Not sure
the President’s request for her representative to take part in the ware of the President’s request. resident’s request for representation, a majority (54%) disagree h her request.

Page 15
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
19TH AMENDMENT
A majority (52.9%) are unaware of the UNF proposed 19 A be aware of the 19
th
Amendment.
Are you aware of the UNF proposed 19th Amendment to the constitution ?
46.7
52.9
0.4
Y N N
Of those who are aware of the 19th Amendment, only 11.3 almost an equal percentage (11.9%) stating they do not u (70.2%) claims to understand it to a certain extent.
If "Yes", please state to what extent you understand the 19th Amendment.
80
70.2 70
60
50
%
40
30
20
11.3
11.9 10
0
Understand fully Understand to a
certain extent
Not at all D
© Social Indicator, October 2002

14 fna
f the UNF proposed 19
th
Amendment, with 46.7% claiming to
UNF proposed 19th he constitution ?
46.7 Yes No No response
9 Amendment, only 11.3% say they understand it fully, with %) stating they do not understand it at all. A vast majority a certain extent.
ate to what extent you
19th Amendment.
11.9
5.3
Not at all Do not know/Not
sure

Page 16
Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna
Please state whether you approve or disappro
the 19th Amendment.
90
81.3 80 70 60
%
50 40 30 20 10
6.7
0
Approve Disapprove Do
Approval for the 19th Amendment stands at a high 81.3%, amendment outright.
© Social Indicator, October 2002

15 fna
you approve or disapprove of
Amendment.
6.7
11.9
isapprove Do not know/Not sure
t stands at a high 81.3%, with only 6.7% disapproving of the

Page 17
© Social Indicator, October 2002
Annex METHODOLOGY
The study is carried out using a structured questionnair face interviews amongst a sample of 323 respondents. I Vadamarachchi divisional secretariats and all the divisi Samples were allotted to these areas according to the these areas and the Grama Niladari Divisions (GND), selected randomly. Within the selected GND respo thereby giving all citizens of that particular area an equ the case of high security areas, the enumerators were in list of alternative GNDs.
Nine field enumerators, with a minimum Advanced Le resident in the Jaffna district, were hired to conduct comprised of two women and seven men, who were training on administering the questionnaire and fie accompanied visits, 10% of their work was rechecked b maintain the quality of the fieldwork.
The findings of this survey are subject to a 3% margin o

i
Annex
a structured questionnaire, administered through face-to- ple of 323 respondents. It covered the Jaffna, Nallur and retariats and all the divisional secretariats of Valikamam. e areas according to the proportion of the population in iladari Divisions (GND), the primary sampling unit, were the selected GND respondents were chosen randomly, hat particular area an equal opportunity to be selected. In , the enumerators were instructed to select GNDs from a
a minimum Advanced Level educational qualification and t, were hired to conduct the interviews. The field team d seven men, who were given a one-day intensive field e questionnaire and field techniques. In addition to eir work was rechecked by the senior SI staff, in order to dwork.
subject to a 3% margin of error.

Page 18
SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION
AREA TOTA Uduvil (Valikamam S.) 40 Chankanai (Valikamam W.) 30 Tellippalai (Valikammam N.) 40 Nallur 40 Jaffna 43 Kopai (Valikamam E.) 30 Sandilippai (Valikammam S.W.) 40 Karaveddi (Vadamarachchi S.W.) 30 Point Pedro (Vadamarachchi N) 30
323
DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
SEX (%) Male 36.5 Female 63.5 323
AGE (%) 15 – 25 yrs 18.6 26 – 35 yrs 15.5 36 – 45 yrs 21.4 46 – 55 yrs 26.6 56 – 65 yrs 17.6 66 yrs and above 0.3 323
© Social Indicator, October 2002

ii
TION
TOTAL 40 W.) 30 am N.) 40 40 43 30 am S.W.) 40 chchi S.W.) 30 achchi N) 30
323
STRIBUTION
(%) 36.5 63.5 323
(%) 18.6 15.5 21.4 26.6 17.6 0.3 323

Page 19
INCOME (%) Below Rs 5000 77.7 Rs 5001 – Rs 10 000 11.1 Rs 10 001 – Rs 15 000 1.5 Rs 15 001 – Rs 20 000 0.3 323
OCCUPATION Professionals Technicians & Associate Professionals Clerk Travel, Restaurant, Protective Service Workers & Sales Workers Agricultural and Fisheries Workers Student Housewife Retired Business Self employed Elementary Occupations Unemployed Other
EDUCATION Cannot read & write Literate but no formal education Up to grade 5 Grade 6-9 Up to O’ Level O’ Level Up to A’ Level A’ Level Technically trained Professional Undergraduate Graduate and above
© Social Indicator, October 2002

iii
(%) 77.7 11.1 1.5 0.3 323
PATION (%) 0.9 te Professionals 0.9 1.2 tective Service Workers & 5
ries Workers 7.1 8.7 31.3 0.9 2.5 6.8 ns 5
26 3.7 323
ATION (%)
2.8 education 1.2 10.5 22 6.5 33.4 5.6 13.9 1.5 0.3 0.9 1.2 323

Page 20
For further information please con For further information please con
Shamindrini Sivananthan or Pradeep
Social Indicator Centre for Policy Alternative
105, 5th Lane, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Tel:Tel: 370472 Email:Email: cpapoll@diamond Fax: Fax: 370475 Web: Web: http://www.cpala

er information please contact: er information please contact:
ni Sivananthan or Pradeep Peiris
Social Indicator tre for Policy Alternatives
105, 5th Lane, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Email:Email: cpapoll@diamond.lanka.net 5 Web: Web: http://www.cpalanka.org

Page 21
Social Indicator (SI) is an independent social resea conducts polls on socio-economic and political iss
Operating under the Board of Directors of Alternatives (CPA), SI was established in Septem longstanding vacuum for a permanent, profess polling facility in Sri Lanka on social and political is
Polling is an instrument of empowerment, a mea majority of the public can express their opinions o Our mission is to conduct surveys on key social is a means through which public opinion can influ debate.
Published by:
Social Indicator Centre for Policy Alterna 105, 5th Lane, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Tel: 370472 Email: c Fax: 370475 Web: h

independent social research organisation, which conomic and political issues.
oard of Directors of the Centre for Policy as established in September 1999, and filled a r a permanent, professional and independent a on social and political issues.
of empowerment, a means by which the silent express their opinions on issues affecting them. t surveys on key social issues, thereby providing public opinion can influence the public policy
ublished by:
ocial Indicator
entre for Policy Alternatives 05, 5th Lane, olombo 3, ri Lanka.
el: 370472 Email: cpapoll@diamond.lanka.net ax: 370475 Web: http://www.cpalanka.org