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PEACE CONFIDENCE IN JAFFNA
SOCIAL IND
© Social Indicator, August 20

ACE CONFIDENCE INDEX –
FNA
SOCIAL INDICATOR AUGUST 2003
ocial Indicator, August 2003

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This report was prepared with funds provided by:
The U.S. Agency for International Development under the Off Initiatives (OTI) Sri Lanka.

rovided by:
elopment under the Office of Transition

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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
I
NTRODUCTION
Social Indicator (SI), the polling unit of the Centre for Policy Alternatives has been conducting the Peace Confidence Index (PCI) since May 2001. This study is carried out in order to capture the changes in public confidence in the peace process. While SI recognised the importance of an island-wide survey, the ground situation restricted the PCI to 17 administrative districts of Sri Lanka, excluding the Jaffna peninsula and LTTE controlled areas.
Therefore, with financial assistance from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), SI initiated a survey in the Jaffna peninsula in July 2002 to ascertain people’s perspectives on the peace process and other related issues of concern. This initial survey was followed by two consecutive waves in October and December 2002. However, following these three surveys, SI had to abandon its ‘Perspectives on Peace from Jaffna’ due to financial constraints.
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
In Augu months, Confiden survey w grant to Policy Al Agency (USAID)
The ques Index – questions which ar addition the peac questionn as well.
The field from the Jaffna, Vadamar questionn to-face selected s
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
When compared with other facilities, Communicatio the most in the Jaffna peninsular from the period be Agreement The opinion that ‘peace’ means freedom has decline 2003, when compared to 43.1% in December 20002 Though an overwhelming majority (85%) state that through negotiations, 48.5% are unsure as to when Lanka. Over half the people believe that all ethnic commun 65.8% are of the opinion that international third par to solve the North-East conflict While 40.1% are of the opinion that the Ceasefire A another year or more, an almost equal number (45.3 A majority of the people of Jaffna state that they ha Federalism (60.9%) Of those who have heard of Federalism, 76.3% agre governing this country

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t of the s been ex (PCI) d out in public hile SI nd-wide the PCI i Lanka, LTTE
rom the Agency e Jaffna people’s d other l survey aves in owever, had to e from
In August 2003, following a lapse of seven months, SI re-commenced this study – ‘Peace Confidence Index – Jaffna’. Assistance for the survey was given through the provision of a grant to Social Indicator (SI)/the Centre for Policy Alternative (CPA) by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
The questionnaire for the Peace Confidence Index – Jaffna comprises of most of the questions contained in the PCI, and some which are specific to the Jaffna situation. In addition to measuring public confidence in the peace process, provision is made in the questionnaire to examine socio-cultural issues as well.
The fieldwork for this survey was conducted from the 9th to the 13th of August in the Jaffna, Nallur, Valikammam and Vadamarachchi areas. A structured questionnaire was administered through face- to-face interviews amongst a randomly selected sample of 307 respondents.
er facilities, Communication facilities have improved insular from the period before the Ceasefire
eans freedom has declined to 23.5% in August 43.1% in December 20002
majority (85%) state that peace can be achieved % are unsure as to when there will be peace in Sri
ve that all ethnic communities can live together that international third party involvement is essential onflict
inion that the Ceasefire Agreement will last for almost equal number (45.3%) are unsure of Jaffna state that they have not heard of
of Federalism, 76.3% agree that it is the best way of
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
B
URNING
I
SSUES
People were asked whether, in their opinion, the overall situat concern had improved or got worse in August 2003 when Ceasefire Agreement. As seen in the graph below, Communic the most in the Jaffna peninsular. While all other facilities an people express that the Cost of Living has deteriorated (-0.26).
Burning Issues
Availability of household items
Communication facilities
Human rights
0.55
Law and order
0.31
Freedom of movement
Transport facilities
Health
Education opportunities
Cost of Living
-0.26
Employment opportunities
0.
-2 -1 0
Average (5-point scale)
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003

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opinion, the overall situation of certain facilities and issues of e in August 2003 when compared to the period before the graph below, Communication Facilities (1.48) have improved hile all other facilities and issues of concern have improved, has deteriorated (-0.26).
urning Issues
items
1.22
cilities
1.48
rights
0.55
order
0.31
ement
1.03
cilities
1.34
Health
0.93
nities
1
Living
-0.26
nities
0.61
0 1 2 verage (5-point scale)
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
M
EANING OF
W
AR AND
P
EACE
In August 2003, following a break in opinion polling of seve majority (57.7%) of the people perceive ‘peace’ as Ethnic Harm the End of War. A further 23.5% understand peace as Freedom decline from 43.1%, when Jaffna was last surveyed in December
What does 'peace' mean to you? [Multiple
80
70
67.8
60.3 60
48.8 50
53.3
45.9
57
%
40
29.8
35 30
23.4
23 18.7
15
July '02 October '02 December '02 August '03
When asked what ‘war’ means to them, 43.3% of the people Destruction, a view significantly lower when compared to Dece majority opinion in August 2003, an interesting trend in th inception of this survey – opinion increases from 50.7% in Ju same year and 65.9% in December 2003. War also means Fighting for Rights and a Means of Achievin people respectively. This perception that ‘war’ is a means of ach in December 2002.
What does 'war' mean to you? [Multi
6
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
43.1
23.5
20
10
18.8
4.3 0
0
13
9 1.9
8.4 1.3
8.1 5.9
70
65.9
60
50.7 58.8 50
40
34.2
36.8 43 %
30
16.4 19.5
24.7
23.4
29 25 20
7.4
14.6
10.5
15 12.2
1616 10
0
0
5.3
2.5 2
July '02 October '02 December '02 August '0

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opinion polling of seven months in the Jaffna peninsula, a ve ‘peace’ as Ethnic Harmony and 35.8% believe that it means erstand peace as Freedom. This view has shown a considerable last surveyed in December 2002.
an to you? [Multiple Answers]
60.3
45.9
57.7
End of w ar
Ethnic harmony
Feeling safe 43.1
35.8
End of terrorism
18.8
23.5
Separate state
8.4 1.3
15.6
Freedom 8.1 5.9
ember '02 August '03
em, 43.3% of the people of Jaffna equate it with Death and r when compared to December 2002 (65.9%). While this is the n interesting trend in this belief can be observed from the creases from 50.7% in July 2002, to 58.8% in October of the
3. and a Means of Achieving Peace for 29% and 25.1% of the at ‘war’ is a means of achieving peace has increased from 15%
mean to you? [Multiple Answers]
65.9
15
2.5 2
ember '02 August '03
Means of achieving peace
Fighting for rights
43.3
Disharmony amongst races
24.7
Hindrance to economic 23.4
development
Death/ Destruction 12.2
Terrorism 29 25.1
1616
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
48.5% of the people declare that they do not know when there war in Sri Lanka, while 27.7% are of the opinion that it will be so
When will there be a permanent settlement t
Sri Lanka ?
60
50
40
%
30
27.7
20
12.4
10
4.9
1.3
4
0
Soon Within the
Within the next 5 yrs
next 10 yrs
S
OLUTIONS TO THE
How do you think we can end the war and have peace in Sri Lanka ? [Multiple Answers]
2.2
3.8
6.8
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
Not in my life time
Ne
C
ONFLICT
100 90
89.3
91
82.2
85
80 70 60 %
50 40
LTT 30
the 20 10
2.3
Pea
0
July '02 October '02 December
'02
August '03

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do not know when there will be a permanent settlement to the e opinion that it will be soon.
rmanent settlement to the war in ri Lanka ?
1.3
48.5
e rs
4.6
Not in my life time
Never Don't know
war and have peace
Answers]
The conviction that
85
the war can be ended and peace brought to Sri Lanka through Peace Talks remains the majority opinion (85%) in Jaffna in August 2003.
6.8
gust '03
LTTE defeating the Government
Peace talks
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%
Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
The study reveals that in August 2003, 28.3% of the people feel the war for the last 15 odd years because of corrupt military significantly lower when compared to December 2002 (59.1%) attribute the lack of a solution to the absence of political will, a 2002. While 14.3% believes that the Government does not want war is necessary for people in power. Hence the lack of a solutio
Why do you think there hasn't been a solution t [Multiple Answ
70
60
57.3
59.1
50
40
31.5
30
27.9
22.8
20
19.8
14.9
18.1
16.6 9.7 10
9.4
12.7
14.7
8.8 6.9 5.7
5.3 0
July '02 October '02 December '02
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, 28.3% of the people feel that there has not been a solution to ause of corrupt military and political leaders. This opinion is December 2002 (59.1%). Also, as the graph indicates, 24.1% absence of political will, an increase from 18.1% in December overnment does not want peace, 12.4% are of the opinion that
ence the lack of a solution.
sn't been a solution to the war for the last 15 odd years ?
[Multiple Answers]
59.1
28.3
18.1
24.1
14.7
14
Corrupt military and political leaders
No political w ill
The Government does not w ant peace
War is necessary for people in pow er
Lack of compromise on both sides
lack of unity and understanding
Don't know 16.6
14.3
8.8
10.4 12.4 6.9 5.3
6.2
December '02 August '03
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
When asked whether total victory can be achieved by one of the is not possible. This is a decline from 62.2% in December 2 victory can be achieved by one of the parties has increased from in August 2003.
Can total victory be achieved by one of the par
war ?
70
62.2
60
48.8 50
47.4
4
%
40
27.8
30.3 3 30
20 20
11.4
17
21 10
15.9
0
July '02 October '02 December '02 Augus
L
EVEL OF
T
OLERANCE AND
P
LURALISM
Do you think all the ethnic communities ca
together?
80
71.2 70
58.5
61.3
63.8
60
50
%
40
30
27.2
24.1
23.1
20
14.4
10
0
4.1
July '02 October '02 December '02 August '0
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
8.7 5.4
8
10 6.2 7.2
5.9

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be achieved by one of the parties in this war, 48.5% feel that it m 62.2% in December 2002. Further, the opinion that total parties has increased from 15.9% in December 2002 to 21.5%
ved by one of the parties in this war ?
62.2
48.5
Yes 30
No
20
Not sure
21.5 15.9
ecember '02 August '03
ALISM
hnic communities can live
ether?
In August 2003, 63.8% of the people of Jaffna are of the belief that all ethnic
61.3
63.8
communities can live together, while 23.1% hold a contrary view. This is similar to the 24.1
23.1
opinion held on this issue in December 2002, where, 61.3% 4.1
thought that all ethnic communities could live together and 24.1% believed otherwise. Yes
No
Never
Don't know
10
7.2
5.9
ember '02 August '03
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
T
HE
P
EACE
P
ROCESS AND
I
NTERNATIONAL
T
HIRD
P
A
A majority (65.8%) of those surveyed are of the belief that the n involvement to solve the North East war in Sri Lanka is essent 78.8% in December 2002. In August 2003, 8.5% say that it will uncertain about this issue.
What is your opinion of the need for an intern
involvement to solve the North East war
90
78.8 80
69.6
73.1
70
65
60
%
50
40
30
20
12.7
13.3
8.4
14
10
7
0
6.4
5 3.7
7.8
3.1
July '02 October '02 December '02 Augus
A notable majority (81.8%), in August 2003, approve of Norw process. This indicates a decrease when compared to December
Please tell me if you approve or disapprove assisting in the Sri Lankan peace proc
100 90
81.9 80
74
87.8
81.8 70 60 %
50 40 30 20
5.7 7.7 0
3.3 14.9
8.4 2.8
8.8
0.6
2.5
8.8 10
4.9 4.2 July '02 October '02 December
'02
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
August '03

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ATIONAL
T
HIRD
P
ARTY
I
NVOLVEMENT
are of the belief that the need for an international third party’s war in Sri Lanka is essential. However, this is a decrease from 2003, 8.5% say that it will add a positive impact, while 14% are
the need for an international third party's
e the North East war in Sri Lanka ?
78.8
65.8
Is essential
Will add a positive impact
Is not essential
Don't know /Not sure
8.4
7.8
14
8.5
3.1
cember '02 August '03
st 2003, approve of Norway assisting in the Sri Lankan peace n compared to December 2002 (87.8%).
prove or disapprove of Norway i Lankan peace process ?
81.8
7.2
7.8
0.6
2.5
4.9 4.2 Approve
Neither approve nor disapprove
Disapprove
8.8
Don't know /Not sure
mber 02
August '03
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
While approval for Norwegian assistance in the Sri Lankan pea of the people of Jaffna also approve of Norway continuing to However, this is a decline in the opinion from 84.1% in Decemb
Please tell me if you approve or disapprove continuing to assist in the Sri Lankan peac
90
84.1
78.2 80 70
62.8
60
%
50 40 30 20 10
15.5
6.2 0
10 9.8
3.4
1.9
6.8 4.6 October '02 December '02 August '03
On the other hand, the need for Indian involvement is met with of the north, with 32.6% believing that it is essential and 29.3% not essential. But when compared to December 2002, 30.3% be the view that it is not essential. Furthermore, 14.7% are of the vi
What is your opinion of the need for India's
Lanka peace process
45 40
36.8
35
38.1
33.8
32
30
%
25 20
23.1
23.8
30.3
2
14 15 10
12 9
6.8
11.6
1
7.5 5
July '02 October '02 December '02 August
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
14.2 14.1
13.9
5 3.3 0
1.9
2.2

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nce in the Sri Lankan peace process is high, a majority (78.2%) of Norway continuing to assist in the country’s peace process. on from 84.1% in December 2002.
pprove or disapprove of Norway the Sri Lankan peace process ?
78.2
Approve
Neither approve nor disapprove
Disapprove
9.8
Don't know /Not sure 6.8 4.6
2 August '03
n involvement is met with divided opinion amongst the people t it is essential and 29.3% expressing that Indian involvement is ecember 2002, 30.3% believe it is essential, while 33.8% are of rmore, 14.7% are of the view that it will add a negative impact.
f the need for India's involvement in the Sri anka peace process ?
33.8
32.6
11.6 7.5
5.9 2.2
cember '02 August '03
Is essential
30.3
29.3
Will add a positive impact
Will have no impact
14.1
14.7
13
Will add a negative impact
Is not essential
Don't know /Not sure
4.2
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
C
EASEFIRE
A
GREEMENT
What do you think of the longevity of the ceas
agreement ?
50 45
40.1 40 35 30 %
25 20
14 15 10 5 0
The ceasefire agreement
The ceasefire agreement w ill last for more than
w ill not last for more than another year
another year
In August 2003, the study reveals that awareness of the in monitoring the Ceasefire Agreement (CFA) stands at 85%. Mor involvement, 84.3% feel it is essential in order for the CFA to su
If "Yes", what is your opinion of the nee monitoring mission for the CFA to su
84.3
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
Don't k
100 90
87 88.9 88.2
80 70 60 %
50 40 30 20 10 0
5.9 2.2 3.4
4.9 1.5
4.6 5.4
3.1
July '02 October '02 December
August '03 '02

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longevity of the ceasefire ment ?
45.3
4
e agreement or more than r year
that awareness of the involvement of foreign monitors in CFA) stands at 85%. Moreover, out of those aware of such an in order for the CFA to succeed.
The perception that the Ceasefire Agreement will last more than another year is held amongst a significant proportion (40.1%) of the people. However, a majority (45.3%) of the people
Don't know /Not sure
are unsure or don’t know about the longevity of the Ceasefire Agreement.
ur opinion of the need for such a sion for the CFA to succeed ?
88.2
84.3
5.4 4.6 3.1
Is essential
4.9
Will have a positive impact
ember
August '03 02
Don't know /Not sure
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
S
RI
L
ANKA
M
ONITORING
M
ISSION
Between July and December 2002, the view that the Sri La impartial in its monitoring of the CFA has been erratic - declini in October of the same year, and increasing again to 63.7% in decline in this perception in August 2003 (52.4%), when compar
I think the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission is
monitoring of the ceasefire agre
70
63.7
60
57.2
50
45.8
52.4
40 %
30
22.7 22.9 20
10.7
16.7
10
8
13.3
14.7
July '02 October '02 December
'02
A majority (44.3%) are of the view that the SLMM is effective in when compared to 60.7% in December 2002. 21.8% remain ne of the SLMM.
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
19.1
16.9
8.8
16
8.4 0
I think the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission is
monitoring of the ceasefire agreem
44.3
21 21.8
8.4
August '03
70
60.7 60
50
46.5
40
35.9 %
30
26.8
24.1
20 14.4 10
11.4
22 16.7
9.9
17.3 16
0
July '02 October '02 December
'02
August '03

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the view that the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission (SLMM) is has been erratic - declining from 57.2% in July 2002 to 45.8% easing again to 63.7% in December 2002. However, there is a 03 (52.4%), when compared to December 2002.
Monitoring Mission is impartial in its of the ceasefire agreement.
63.7
52.4
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree 19.1
16.9
Don't know /Not sure 8.8
8.4
16 14.7
ember '02
t the SLMM is effective in its monitoring of the CFA, a decline er 2002. 21.8% remain neutral with regard to the effectiveness
onitoring Mission is effective in its f the ceasefire agreement.
44.3
21 21.8
8.4
August '03
7
16
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
17.3
Don't know /Not sure
ember '02
9.9
August '03
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
LTTE
Over half (54.4%) the people of Jaffna state that they are aware the aid conference held in Tokyo in June this year. Opinion is sp by the LTTE, when asked what the impact of this would be on would have a positive impact, while 28.1% say that it will h process.
If you are aware that the LTTE did not participa aid conference in Tokyo, what in your opinion be the impact of this on the peace proces
35
29.3 30
24
28.1
25 %
20 15 10
14.4
5 0
It w ill have a
It w ill have no
It w ill have a positive impact
impact
negative impact
The study reveals that 63.8% of the people of Jaffna are aware suspending its participation in direct talks with the Govern decision, amongst those aware of the LTTE’s withdrawal, amongst the people of Jaffna - 29.9% believing that it would number stating that it would have a negative impact.
If you are aware that the LTTE announce suspending its participation in direct ta Government, what in your opinion would
of this on the peace process? 29.9
17.8
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
Don't kno Not sur
35
It w ill have a positive impact
29.9 30
25
%
20 15 10
5 0
It w ill have no impact
It w ill have a negative impact
Do
N

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a state that they are aware that the LTTE did not participate in ne this year. Opinion is split amongst those aware of this move pact of this would be on the peace process. 29.3% feel that it 28.1% say that it will have a negative impact on the peace
TTE did not participate in the what in your opinion would on the peace process?
28.1
14.4
2.4
ill have a negative impact
eople of Jaffna are aware that the LTTE announced that it was t talks with the Government. However, the impact of this he LTTE’s withdrawal, once again reveals divided opinion believing that it would have a positive impact and an equal gative impact.
Don't know / Not sure
Refuse to answ er
t the LTTE announced that it was ticipation in direct talks with the
your opinion would be the impact n the peace process?
29.9
19.3
1.5
It w ill have a negative impact
Don't know / Not sure
Refuse to answ er
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
F
OREIGN
A
ID
According to 42.3% of the people, donations and foreign aid to to those areas most affected by the war. Further, 38.8% feel that East.
As a result of the peace process Sri Lanka rec aid to rebuild the country. In your opinion w
you think should receive th
45 40
38.8
35 30
%
25 20 15 10
4.6
6.8 5 0
South North-East Whole country Ar affe
F
EDERALISM
Of those who have heard of Federalism, 76.3% believe that country.
I believe a federal system is the best way o governing this country
100
80
76.3
%
60
40
20
9.3 6.8
0
Agree Neither agree nor disagree
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
Disagree D

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nations and foreign aid to rebuild Sri Lanka should be directed r. Further, 38.8% feel that funds should be given to the North-
rocess Sri Lanka receives donations and foreign ry. In your opinion which part of the country do ink should receive the funds?
6.8
lism, 76.3% believe that it is the best way of governing this
tem is the best way of his country
6.8 7.6
Disagree Don't know /Not
sure 42.3
1.3
6.2
Whole country Areas most
affected by the w ar
Most underdeveloped areas in general
Don't know /Not sure
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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
As depicted in the graph below, 42.4% think that Federalism w think that it will. A further 15.3% are unsure or do not know secession.
I think a federal state will lead to secession
45
42.4
40 35 30
24.6 %
25 20
16.9 15 10 5 0
Agree Neither agree nor disagree
In August 2003, while a quarter of the people of Jaffna perc Tamils will have more benefits, 28.8% disagree with this view.
Within a federal structure Tamils will have more benefits
25
23.8
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
Disagree Don't
35 30 25
28.8
22
%
20 15 10 5 0
Agree Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree Don't kn su

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think that Federalism will not lead to secession, while 24.6% e unsure or do not know whether Federalism would lead to
ll lead to secession
42.4
15.3
Disagree Don't know /Not
sure
the people of Jaffna perceive that within a Federal structure,
disagree with this view.
mils will have more
28.8
22.5
Disagree Don't know /Not
sure
003

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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
Amongst the same population, 33.3% are not sure as to wheth within a Federal structure.
Within a federal structure Sinhalese will have more benefits
35
26.9
24.4
3
30 25
%
20 15
15.4
10 5 0
Agree Neither agree nor disagree
When asked whether Muslims would have more benefits within neutral stance. However, 21.3% of the people disagree with rega
Within a federal structure Muslims will ha
more benefits
6.7
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
Disagree Don't
s
50
41.3 40
%
30
20
21.3
10
0
Agree Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree Don

003
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are not sure as to whether Sinhalese will have more benefits
Sinhalese will have efits
24.4
ave more benefits within a Federal structure, 41.3% maintain a people disagree with regard to this issue.
33.3
Disagree Don't know /Not
sure
ure Muslims will have enefits
21.3
30.7
Disagree Don't know /Not
sure

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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
A notable percentage (65%) of the people are of the opinion tha will benefit equally.
Within a federal structure, everyone will equally benefit
70
65
60 50
%
40 30 20
9.4
15.4
10 0
Agree Neither agree nor
disagree
The study reveals that a majority (65.3%) of the people say solution if it is approved by a majority of Sri Lankans. Ne statement.
I will agree with a federal solution if it is approved by a majority of Sri Lankans
65.3
8.5
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
Disagree Don't
70 60 50
%
40 30 20
17.8
10 0
Agree Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree Don

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ople are of the opinion that within a Federal structure everyone
everyone will equally t
15.4
9.4
Disagree Don't know /Not
sure
5.3%) of the people say that they will agree with a Federal rity of Sri Lankans. Nevertheless, 17.8% disagree with this
deral solution if it is rity of Sri Lankans
17.8
6.8
Disagree Don't know /Not
sure
003

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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
42.4% feel that people are being adequately informed about opinion that they are not.
I think people are being adequately informe
about federalism
50
42.4 40
28.8
%
30 20
17.8
10
0
Agree Neither agree
nor disagree
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
Disagree Don

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equately informed about Federalism, while 28.8% are of the
adequately informed
ralism
28.8
10.2
Disagree Don't know /Not
sure
003

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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003
A
NNEX
M
ETHODOLOGY
The study is carried out using a structured questionnaire, a interviews amongst a sample of 307 respondents. It c Vadamarachchi divisional secretariats and all the divisio Samples are allotted to these areas according to the propo areas and the Grama Niladari Divisions (GND), the prim randomly. Within the selected GND, respondents are cho citizens of that particular area an equal opportunity to b security areas, the enumerators are instructed to select G GNDs.
Fourteen field enumerators, with a minimum Advanced Le resident in the Jaffna district, were involved in the col comprised of four women and ten men, who were given a o administering the questionnaire and field techniques. In add of their work was rechecked by the senior SI staff, in ord fieldwork.
The findings of this survey are subject to a 3% margin of er

i
A
NNEX
tructured questionnaire, administered through face-to-face f 307 respondents. It covered the Jaffna, Nallur, and ariats and all the divisional secretariats of Valikamam. as according to the proportion of the population in these ivisions (GND), the primary sampling unit, are selected ND, respondents are chosen randomly, thereby giving all n equal opportunity to be selected. In the case of high are instructed to select GNDs from a list of alternative
a minimum Advanced Level educational qualification and ere involved in the collection of data. The field team men, who were given a one-day intensive field training on d field techniques. In addition to accompanied visits, 10% the senior SI staff, in order to maintain the quality of the
ject to a 3% margin of error.
003

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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
S
AMPLE
D
ISTRIBUTION
AREA TOTAL Uduvil (Valikamam S.) 30 Chankanai (Valikamam W.) 30 Tellippalai (Valikamam N.) 30 Kopay (Valikamam E.) 30 Sandilippai (Valikamam S.W.) 37 Nallur 30 Jaffna 30 Karaveddi (Vadamarachchi S.W.) 30 Point Pedro (Vadamarachchi N) 30 Maruthankerny (Vadamarachchi E) 30
307
D
EMOGRAPHIC
D
ISTRIBUTION
SEX (%) Male 43 Female 57
307
AGE (%) 15 – 25 yrs 19.5 26 – 35 yrs 22.1 36 – 45 yrs 23.8 46 – 55 yrs 17.9 56 – 65 yrs 16.6 307
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003

ii
TOTAL 30 .) 30 ) 30 30 W.) 37 30 30 i S.W.) 30 chi N) 30 achchi E) 30
307
(%) 43 57 307
(%) 19.5 22.1 23.8 17.9 16.6 307
003

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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
INCOME Below Rs 5000 Rs 5001 – Rs 10 000 Rs 10 001 – Rs 15 000 Rs 15 001 – Rs 20 000 Rs 20 001 – Rs 25 000
OCCUPATION Executives, Managerial and Administrative Professionals Professionals Technicians & Associate Professionals Clerk Travel, Restaurant, Protective Service Workers & Sales Workers Agricultural and Fisheries Workers Student Housewife Retired Business Self employed Elementary Occupations Driver Unemployed
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003

iii
ME (%) 76.9 17.9 3.3 0.7 0.3 307
TION (%) and Administrative 0.7
7.5 rofessionals 1
0.7 tive Service Workers & 1.6
Workers 7.2
10.1 37.1 2.6 3.9 11.4 3.9 0.7 11.1 307
003

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Peace Confidence Index - Jaffna
EDUCATION Cannot read & write Literate but no formal education Up to grade 5 Grade 6-9 Up to O’ Level O’ Level Up to A’ Level A’ Level Undergraduate Graduate and above
Copyright © Social Indicator August 2003

iv
ION (%)
0.7 cation 2.3
10.4 25.4 10.7 25.1 5.9 11.7 3.9 3.9 307
003

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For further information please c
Shamindrini Sivananthan or Pradee
Social Indicator Centre for Policy Alternative 105, 5th Lane, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Tel: +9411 2370472 Email: cpapoll@dia Fax: +9411 2370475 Web: http://www

r information please contact:
ni Sivananthan or Pradeep Peiris
Social Indicator tre for Policy Alternatives
105, 5th Lane, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
72 Email: cpapoll@diamond.lanka.net 0475 Web: http://www.cpalanka.org

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Social Indicator (SI) is an independent social re conducts polls on socio-economic and political issue
Operating under the Board of Directors of the Ce (CPA), SI was established in September 1999, and for a permanent, professional and independent po social and political issues.
Polling is an instrument of empowerment, a means of the public can express their opinions on issues aff to conduct surveys on key social issues, thereby which public opinion can influence the public policy
Published by: Social Indicato Centre for Pol 105, 5th Lane, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Tel: +9411 237
Fax: +9411 23

independent social research organisation, which nomic and political issues.
of Directors of the Centre for Policy Alternatives n September 1999, and filled a longstanding vacuum nal and independent polling facility in Sri Lanka on
empowerment, a means by which the silent majority eir opinions on issues affecting them. Our mission is y social issues, thereby providing a means through fluence the public policy debate.
Published by: Social Indicator Centre for Policy Alternatives 105, 5th Lane, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Tel: +9411 2370472 Email: cpapoll@diamond.lanka.net
Fax: +9411 2370475 Web: http://www.cpalanka.org