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rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
1

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
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rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply; mwpf;ifaply; mwpf;ifaply; mwpf;ifaply; mwpf;ifaply;
ISBN : 955--8037-88-5
Mrphpah;fs; Mrphpah;fs; Mrphpah;fs; Mrphpah;fs; Mrphpah;fs; Rde;j Njrg;gphpa kw;Wk; [hf;Fypd; ghh;f;
ed;wpfs; ed;wpfs; ed;wpfs; ed;wpfs; ed;wpfs; md;[h Fntg;gh;y; fjhpd; nkf;kn`hd;> N[hh;[pah iul;> rQ;[d `j;njhl;Lt> kw;Wk; gp.rutzKj;J
tbtikg;G tbtikg;G tbtikg;G tbtikg;G tbtikg;G Y}ap]; rNkh;ld;> Nfl;g;is kPbah
Gifg;glq;fs; Gifg;glq;fs; Gifg;glq;fs; Gifg;glq;fs; Gifg;glq;fs; Gj;jpf tPurpq;f
Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fs; Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fs; Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fs; Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fs; Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fs; [{b n`hunrf; kw;Wk; gPl;lh; epfy;rd;
,e;j MtzkhdJ rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd If;fpa mnkhpf;f epWtdj;jpd; epjpAjtpAld; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpNy ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sit IFJ apd; fUj;Jf;fNsad;wp vt;tpjj;jpYk; USIP apd; cj;jpNahfg+h;tkhd mgpg;gpuhaq;fisg; gpujpgypg;gitay;y.
,t;ntspaPl;bd; vg; gFjpAk; ntspaPl;lhshpd; vOj;J%ykhd mDkjpapd;wp vt;tbtj;jpYk; kPs; cUthf;fg;glyhfhJ. ,e; E}ypd; cs;slf;fq;fs; gjpg;Ghpik ngw;witahFk;. mtw;wpidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd chpikfs; Mrphpah;fsplNk cs;sd.
2

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; ifikiag; gw;wpAk; ;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; ifikiag; gw;wpAk; ;tifikiag; gw;wpAk;
pa kw;Wk; [hf;Fypd; ghh;f;
h;y; fjhpd; nkf;kn`hd;> ;> rQ;[d `j;njhl;Lt>
Kj;J
d;> Nfl;g;is kPbah
f; kw;Wk; gPl;lh; epfy;rd;
hd If;fpa mnkhpf;f ;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpNy d; fUj;Jf;fNsad;wp khd mgpg;gpuhaq;fisg;
;lhshpd; vOj;J%ykhd Uthf;fg;glyhfhJ. ,e; itahFk;. mtw;wpidg; h;fsplNk cs;sd.
2

Page 3
cs;slf;fk;
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
mwpKfk;
Kuz;ghLk; ,dj;JtKk; - tpl gpsTgl;Ls;s eyd;fs; gj;jphpifj; Jiwapd; ghj;jpuk; cz;ik> rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; epahakhd
Ma;twpf;if : ngUk; gpsT - vd;d epidf;fpd;whh;fs; NkYk mwpf;ifapLfpd;whh;fs;? rk;gtf; fw;iffis mwpf;ifaply; : , ,yq;ifapy; ];jpukpd;ik : Kuz;ghl
,izf;Fk; fl;Lf;fs; - vkJ , gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; elj;ij gw;wpa Nf
tOtpd;ik> tje;jpfs; kw;Wk; c
fz;fspw;F njhptjw;F Nkyjpfk
,dg; gpsT ,dj;Jtk; gifik vd;W mh;j;jg;glh
midj;Jj; JiwfisAk; cs;s Clff; fz;fhzpg;G : "cj;jpNahfg+h;t
gy Fuy;fs; fijapid cUthf ghy;epiy : Kuz;ghl;bYs;s tplak; nra;jp miwapy; gy;tifj; jd;ik nra;jpapd; nkhop rpWth;fspd; Fuy;fisf; Nfl;ly; Vida FOf;fspYs;sth;fis Neh;fh rpW MNyhridf; Fwpg;Gf;fs;
%yj;jpypUe;J ngWjy; gf;fr;rhh;gpidf; ifahSjy; gj;jphpifr; Rje;jpuk;
Kuz;ghl;L mwpf;ifaplYf;fhd IF gj;jphpifj;Jiwapd; ghJfhg;ghd elj;i rh;tNjr eilKiwf; Nfhit gad;kpF tsq;fs; kw;Wk; E}w; ngah;f
3

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hLk; ,dj;JtKk; - tplaq;fs; 5
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; Jiwapd; ghj;jpuk; khjhdk; kw;Wk; epahakhd jd;ik
pf;if : ngUk; gpsT - gj;jphpifahsh;fs; pidf;fpd;whh;fs; NkYk; mth;fs; vt;thW fapLfpd;whh;fs;? 7
;iffis mwpf;ifaply; : ,dj;Jtj;ij typAWj;jy; py; ];jpukpd;ik : Kuz;ghl;bw;fhd gpd;Gyk;
;Fk; fl;Lf;fs; - vkJ ,dj;Jtr; rl;lfk; 11
hsh;fspd; elj;ij gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfspd; IFJ gpufldk;
;ik> tje;jpfs; kw;Wk; cz;ik nrhy;ypfs; 12
pw;F njhptjw;F Nkyjpfkhf rpy tplaq;fs; 13
psT 14
; gifik vd;W mh;j;jg;glhJ
;Jj; JiwfisAk; cs;slf;Fjy; 15
;fhzpg;G : "cj;jpNahfg+h;t" Rdhkpr; nra;jp
y;fs; fijapid cUthf;Ffpd;wd 17
: Kuz;ghl;bYs;s tplak;
wapy; gy;tifj; jd;ik ; nkhop
; Fuy;fisf; Nfl;ly; f;fspYs;sth;fis Neh;fhZtJ gw;wpa hridf; Fwpg;Gf;fs;
pUe;J ngWjy; 20
idf; ifahSjy;
; Rje;jpuk;
l;L mwpf;ifaplYf;fhd IFJ topfhl;Ljy;fs; 21
;Jiwapd; ghJfhg;ghd elj;ijf;fhd IFJ ilKiwf; Nfhit 22 tsq;fs; kw;Wk; E}w; ngah;f; Nfhit 23
;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
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Page 4
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
mwpKfk;
ntWg;gpd; rhpTfspy; ehk; fspg;Gld; tpiuifapNy ftdpf;fhj xU fy;iyg; Nghy vk; fhy; ,lwr; nra;fpd;wha;. kjp kaf;fk; vk;ikr; Rth;fSf;Fs; %Lifapy; ePNah vk;ikj; njhiyNgrp Nghy; njhe;juT nra;fpd;wha;.
- - - - - lgps;a+. lgps;a+. lgps;a+. lgps;a+. lgps;a+. vr;. vr;. vr;. vr;. vr;. Xsld Xsld Xsld; Xsld Xsld ; ; ; ; -
Aj;j epWj;jk; ,d;Dk; epyTfpd;w mNjNtis ePz;lfhyr; rkhjhdk; vd;gJ ,yq;ifia tpl;Lk; njhlh;e;Jk; jg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 2004d; gpw;gFjpfspNy ehlhdJ kPz;Lk; Aj;jj;jpid Nehf;fp efh;ifapNyjhd; Rdhkp jhf;fpaJ. Rdhkpapd; NguopTk; mjd; gaq;fuKk; gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F Gjpa rthy;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jJ. Rdhkpapd; gy;NtW mopTfis vLj;Jf; $WtJk;> ghhpa kPs; eph;khzg; gzpfs; Muk;gpj;jikahy; mjpfhhpfisg; nghWg;Gf; $w itg;gJk; mth;fspd; gzpahf khwpaJ.
r%fq;fs; mOj;jj;jpw;F cl;gl;bUf;Fk; NghJ> mr; r%fq;fisg; ghjpf;fpd;w jPh;khdq;fspy; gq;Fgw;WtJk; mj; jPh;khdq;fis Ghpe;J nfhs;s itf;Fk; cz;ikfisAk;> jfty;fisAk; r%fk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJTk; kpfTk; fbdkhdJ vd;gij mDgtk; vkf;Ff; fw;Wj; je;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
xU gy; ,dr; r%fj;jpy; ehshe;j tplaq;fis mwpf;ifapLtjhdJ vt;thW gjw;wq;fis mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ my;yJ Fiwf;fpd;wJ vd;gijg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; Neubahfg; ghh;j;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;. td;Kiw kpF Kuz;ghLk; murpay; fpsh;r;rpfSk; mikjpiar; rPh;Fiyg;gJld; GhpjYf;fhd jilfisAk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk; vj;jug;gpw;Fk; MjuT toq;Ftjw;F Kd;dpw;gJ gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; flikay;y.
vkJ mwpf;ifaply; %ykhf> tplaq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jjy; %ykhf kf;fs; xUth; kw;wthpd; fyhrhu> rka> ,dj;Jt kw;Wk; Vida Ngjq;fisg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s cjTtJ vkJ flikahFk;.
gpsTfs; itg;gJ rpf;fw;jd;i ,jd; mh
Mok NkNyhl;l vd;gNj fl;bnaO Gjpa tha Kuz gw;wpa G Muha;t tUtjw;f
eilKiw njhopy; njhopy; njhopy; njhopy; njhopy; epGz epGz epGz epGz epGz
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$l;nlhUi $l;nlhUi $l;nlhUi $l;nlhUi $l;nlhUi %d;w Mjutpi $l;n Ntz;Lk
1983 ,y; Muk;gkhd Aj;jj;jpdhy; midj;J ,df;FOf;fSf;FkpilapYk; cs;tpt
4

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ifapNy
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;lfhyr; g;gpj;Jf; kPz;Lk; dhkpapd; hy;fis vLj;Jf; ikahy; gzpahf
fq;fisg; s Ghpe;J ; ngw;Wf; ; vkf;Ff;
q;fis my;yJ ubahfg; murpay; Yf;fhd ; MjuT ;y. ;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; kahFk;.
gpsTfs; gw;wpa tplaq;fis gj;jphpifapy; ntspaplhky; kiwj;J itg;gJ vd;gJ ,jd; mh;j;jky;y. Mdhy; mtw;wpd; rpf;fw;jd;ikiag; Ghpe;J nfhz;L mtw;iw mwpf;ifapLtJ vd;gNj ,jd; mh;j;jkhFk;.
Mokhd> KOikahd tplaq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s> NkNyhl;lkhfj; njhpfpd;w cz;ikfSf;F mg;ghy; Nehf;FtJ vd;gNj ,jd; mh;j;jg;ghlhFk;. rfpg;Gj; jd;ikapidf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf Gjpa %yq;fisAk;> Gjpa fUj;Jf;fisAk;> Gjpa tha;g;Gf;fisAk; NjLtJ vd;gNj ,jd; mh;j;jg;ghlhFk;.
Kuz;ghL gw;wpa> mJ rhjhuz kf;fs; kPJ Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w jhf;fk; gw;wpa Ghpjiy toq;FtJ %ykhfTk;> rhj;jpakhd jPh;Tfis Muha;tjd; %ykhfTk; gjw;wq;fis KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd rpwe;j tha;g;Gf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
eilKiwapNy ,jdhy; fUjg;gLtJ vd;d? njhopy; njhopy; njhopy; njhopy; njhopy; epGzj;Jtk; epGzj;Jtk; epGzj;Jtk;
epGzj;Jtk; epGzj;Jtk; ehk; nra;af;$ba Kjd;ikahdJk; kpf Kf;fpakhdJkhd tplak; jhd;> vkJ njhopiy epGzj;Jtj;JlDk;> tOtpd;wpAk;> newpAlDk; epiwNtw;WtjhFk;. ehk; mbg;gil chpikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
nghWg;GnghWg;GnghWg;GnghWg;GnghWg;G
,uz;lhtjhf> vkJ chpikfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fspNy jq;fpath;fshf vkJ flikfisr; Rje;jpukhf epiwNtw;WtjhdJ Kuz;ghl;Lf; fhyj;jpNy xU epahakhd r%fj;ijg; NgZtjw;F ,d;wpaikahjJ vd;gij ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Nrit nra;fpd;w r%fq;fspd; rhh;ghfNt ,e;j chpikfis ehk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk; vd;gij vg;NghJk; epidtpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mth;fSf;F epahakhfTk;> tOtpd;wpAk;> Neh;ikahfTk; mwpf;ifapLtjw;fhd nghWg;G vkf;F ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
$l;nlhUik $l;nlhUik $l;nlhUik $l;nlhUik $l;nlhUik %d;whtjhf> gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F kj;jpapy; $l;nlhUikiaAk; MjutpidAk; cUthf;FtjhFk;.
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f;FkpilapYk; cs;tptfhu rpf;fy;fs; Vw;gl;ld.
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rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
gy;NtW FOf;fspYs;s gj;jphpifahsh;fs; my;yJ gy;NtW gj;jphpiffspy; gzpahw;Wgth;fs; my;yJ vjph; Clfj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; Nghl;b kpf;fth;fshf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;gijNah mh;j;jg;gLj;jhJ. $l;nlhUik vd;gJ vkJ njhopypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpa gfpug;gl;l GhpjiyAk;> ey;nyz;zj;jpw;fhd mh;g;gzpg;igAk;> vjphpfs; MfhkNyNa tplaq;fspy; fUj;njhUkpf;fhky; ,Uf;fyhk; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;tijAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Ngr;Rr; Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ fUj;J NtWghL nfhs;tjw;fhd chpikiaNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
gj;jphpifahsh;fs; xUth; kw;wtUf;F mthpd; njhopiyg; ghJfhg;ghfr; nra;tjw;F MjuT toq;f Ntz;bAs;sJld;> newprhh; elj;ijf; Nfhitapid typjhf;fpg; gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; ,zq;f Ntz;Lk;. elj;ijf; Nfhitapidg; gpd;gw;wpAk; gj;jphpifj; Jiwapd; Nfhl;ghl;bidg; gw;wp xOfpAk; elf;fpd;w njhopy;rhh; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; cl;fl;rpg; Nghuhl;lq;fspd; NghJ $l rz;il Nghlhjth;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
IFJ mDgtk; mDgtk; mDgtk; mDgtk; mDgtk;
Kuz;ghl;L Neuq;fspNy jkJ ghj;jpuk; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fisg; gw;wpg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; mth;fspd; Njrpa rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; rh;tNjr hPjpahf IFJ Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf Muha;fpd;w> thjpf;fpd;w Xh; cWjpahd ghuk;ghpaj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,yq;ifapy; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; rkhjhdj;jpYk;> Kuz;ghl;bYk; gj;jphpifj;Jiwapd; rthy;fis vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;w fhuzj;jpdhNy> IFJ fle;j Ie;J tUlfhykhf ,yq;ifg; gj;jphpifahsh;fSld; gzpahw;wp tUfpd;wJ.
gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;Fk;> Mrphpah;fSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; jPtpu Ma;T epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid elj;Jjy; nra;jp mwpf;ifapliyf; fz;fhzpj;jy;> Kuz;ghl;Lf; $Uzh;T kpf;f gj;jphpifahsh; tiyaikg;gpid cUthf;Fjy;> kw;Wk; gj;jphpifj; Jiwg; gapw;rpahsh; tiyaikg;gpid cUthf;Fjy; Nghd;w tplaq;fspid ,J fle;j 18 khjq;fshf elj;jp tUfpd;wJ. ,J gapw;rp tsq;fis tpUj;jp nra;tJld; ehL KOtjpYk; gj;jphpifahsh;fSlDk; Mrphpah;fSlDk; tl;lNkir kfhehLfisAk;> $l;lq;fisAk;> gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;FfisAk; epfo;j;jpapUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j mwpf;ifapNy fye;Jiuahly;fs;> tpthjq;fs; NkYk; 300w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; mDgtq;fs; Nghd;wit ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. IFJ apdhYk;> khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak; (CPA)> Rje;jpu Clf ,af;fk; (FMM)> Clfj; njhopyhsh; njhopw;rq;fr; rk;Nksdk; (FMETV)> ciof;Fk; njhopyhsh; rq;fk; (SLWJA)> jkpo; Clf Kd;dzp (SLTMA) kw;Wk; K];ypk; kPbah Nghuk; (SLMMF) Nghd;w ,yq;if epWtdq;fspdhYk; $l;lhf xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; muq;FfspNy gq;F gw;wpath;fs; ntspg;gLj;jpa gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fisNa ,f; ifE}y; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
IFJ apd; cyfshtpa epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; ,e;j mDgtKk; tsq;fSk; Kuz;ghl;by; cs;s gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F rthy;fisAk;> rpwe;j eilKiwfisAk; Ghpe;J nfhs;sg; nghpJk; cjtpAs;sJ.
ehq;fs; Mgphpf;fhtpNy rdehaf epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf mg;Nghija epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lg; gzpg;ghsh; [Pd; - Nghy; khh;Njh]pd; jiyikapNy jPtpu Clfj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;Nwhk;. Fwpg;ghf> ,dj;Jt Kuz;ghl;bd; tsq;fs; kw;Wk; gy;tifj;jd;ik kw;Wk; kdpj chpikfs; Nghd;wtw;iw mwpf;ifapLtjid ,J cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. ,t; ntspaPl;bw;fhd g+uzkhd crhty; ,g;Gj;jfj;jpd; gpd; gFjpapy; gl;bayplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. mit IFJ apd; ,izaj; jsj;jpYk; fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wd.
,e; ,e; ,e; ,e; ,e; E}iy E}iy E}iy E}iy E}iy vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW gad;gLj;JtJ gad;gLj;JtJ gad;gLj;JtJ
gad;gLj;JtJ gad;gLj;JtJ ,e;j mwpf;ifahdJ gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; Kuz;ghl;L mwpf;ifaply; gw;wpa kdg;ghq;Ffs; kw;Wk; mDgtq;fs; kPJ elj;jg;gl;l Ma;tpypUe;J fz;lwpag; gl;litfisNa rkh;g;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,jpNy ,uz;L Clff; fz;fhzpg;Gg; gapw;rpfs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. KjyhtJ> vt;thW Clfk; Kuz;ghl;bid cs;slf;fpAs;sJ vd;gJ> ,uz;lhtJ mJ vt;thW Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;jpd; gpd;Gs;s epiyikapy; nraw;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;.
mJ Clfk; tfpj;j ghj;jpuj;jpid vLj;J tpsf;Ffpd;w Kuz;ghl;L mwpf;ifaply; gw;wpa rk;gtf; fw;iffisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. vkJ mwpf;ifaply; Vw;gLj;Jk; jhf;fq;fs; gw;wpa
cz;ika gj;jphpif cjTfpd;w nfhs;s gj;jphpifa fye;Jiua
,jD tpsf;fj;j vd;gijA
gj;j fUjg;gL xt;nthU cs;slf;f fhuzpfS $l;lq;fs mikay rfghbapd Gs;spahf
newpK tYg;gLj juj;jpid eph;zapj;J Cf;Ftpf;f jdpg;gl;l gad;gLj ,e;j Kuz;ghl Clf cj Kd;ida gj;jphpifa rpW eilK crhty; gl;baypl gRgpf; ,i cs;@ gj;jphpif cq;fsJ mwpf;ifa gj;jphpif fye;Jiua ifE}yhd
,Wjp fUj;Jr; R gw;wpa M rpwe;j m murhq;fj kj;jpapy; Cf;Ftpf;f murpay;t thrpf;fyh
[hf;Fy[hf;Fy[hf;Fy[hf;Fy[hf;Fy gzpg IFJ M
5

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
gy;NtW fj;ijr; ;gijNah paj;Jtk; pg;igAk;> Uf;fyhk; ;Ls;sJ. jw;fhd
hopiyg; ;> newprhh; hs;sTk; j;jphpifj; jhopy;rhh; rz;il
;Gf;fisg; ; kw;Wk; ;wpD}lhf aj;ijf; dj;jpYk;> hf;Ffpd;w yq;ifg;
pu Ma;T pliyf; ifahsh; ; Jiwg; q;fspid sq;fis SlDk; ;fisAk;> ;ifapNy kw;gl;l f;fpd;wd. )> Rje;jpu ;Nksdk; po; Clf ) Nghd;w a;Tfs; gy;NtW
;Fk; ,e;j h;fSf;F ; nghpJk;
j;jpw;fhf h;Njh]pd; pd;Nwhk;. j;jd;ik id ,J crhty; it IFJ
z;ghl;L ;fs; kPJ fisNa apw;rpfs; hl;bid Rdhkp hFk;. f;Ffpd;w fisAk; s; gw;wpa
cz;ikahd epiyapypUe;J Kf;fpakhd ghlq;fisg; gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; Vidath;fSk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s ,J cjTfpd;wJ. ,J vt;thW Kd;Ndw;wg;glyhk; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;s vkf;F mJ mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. ,r; rk;gtf; fw;iffs; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; Ma;Tfs; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;ba tplaq;fspd; fye;Jiuahly;fspD}Nl gpd;dg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jDld; ehq;fs; ,g;Nghija #o; epiyapd; xU FWfpa tpsf;fj;jpid toq;fpAs;sJld; mJ vt;thW Kd;Ndw;wg;glyhk; vd;gijAk; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;Nshk;.
gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;fhd Xh; eilKiw crhtyhff; fUjg;gLfpd;w ,e;E}y;> rpwe;j eilKiwia Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf xt;nthU gphptpd; gpd;Gk; Nfs;tpfspd; njhlh; xd;wpid cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fye;Jiuahly; fUf;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l rk;gtf; fhuzpfSld; Nrh;e;J nra;jp miwfspDs;NsNah my;yJ Clff; $l;lq;fspNyNah fye;Jiuahly;fisg; gpwg;gpg;gjw;Ff; fUtpahf mikayhk;. my;yJ xU gj;jphpifahsh; jdJ my;yJ jdJ rfghbapd; gzpapidg; gw;wpa rpe;jidiaf; Ftpf;Fk; ikag; Gs;spahf mikayhk;.
newpKiw kpF topapy; ciog;gjw;fhd eilKiwfis tYg;gLj;jTk;> gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; njhopypNy cah; juj;jpidAk; newprhh; mwpf;ifapliyAk; mile;Jnfhs;s eph;zapj;Js;s Vidath;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; gu];gu Mjutpid Cf;Ftpf;fTk;> tpthjq;fis Cf;Ftpf;fTk; gapw;Wtpg;ghsh;fSk;> jdpg;gl;lth;fSk; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSk; ,f; ifE}ypidg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
,e;j mwpf;iff;F Mjuthf mike;Js;s Ma;thdJ Kuz;ghl;Lf; $Uzh;T kpF gj;jphpifj;Jiw vDk; nldp]; rh;tNjr Clf cjtpAld; khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak; jahhpj;j Kd;ida eilKiwf; ifE}ypid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. gj;jphpifahsh;fs; rpwg;ghd Kuz;ghl;Lg; gj;jphpifj; Jiw gw;wpa rpW eilKiw MNyhridf; Fwpg;Gfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; ,ij crhty; nra;ayhk;. Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;fs; mDge;jj;jpy; gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t; tsq;fspy; mjpfkhdtw;iw IFJ Mrpa gRgpf; ,izaj; jsj;jpNy Mq;fpyj;jpNy fhzyhk;.
cs;@h; gj;jphpifahsh; rq;fq;fs;> njhopw; rq;fq;fs;> kw;Wk; gj;jphpifr; rq;fq;fs; vd;gtw;wpD}lhf tplaq;fis vOg;gTk;> cq;fsJ nra;jp miwapNy fye;Jiuahliy Muk;gpf;fTk;> mwpf;ifaplypd; juk;> cs;slf;fypd; gy;tifj;jd;ik kw;Wk; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; ghJfhg;G Nghd;wtw;iw Kd;Ndw;Wfpd;w fye;Jiuahly;fis cs;@h; r%fj;jpdUld; Muk;gpf;fTk; ,f; ifE}yhdJ gad;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
,Wjpahf> gj;jphpifahsh;fs; gj;jphpifr; Rje;jpuj;jpYk;> Mrphpah; fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuj;jpYk; Vd; kpfTk; mf;fiw fhl;Lfpd;whh;fs; vd;gJ gw;wpa Mokhd mwptpw;fhfTk; kw;Wk; ePbj;J epiyf;f tpUk;Gfpd;w rpwe;j murpay; jiyikfs; Clfj;jpd; gy; tifj;jd;ikAk;> murhq;fj;jpd; ntspg;gilahd jd;ikAk;> gj;jphpifahsh;fs; kj;jpapy; Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; Jzpfur; nray; Nghd;witAk; Vd; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wpa Ghpjiyg; ngWtjw;fhfTk; murpay;thjpfSk;> Clf chpikahsh;fSk; gad;kpF Kiwapy; ,ij thrpf;fyhk;.
[hf;Fypd; [hf;Fypd; [hf;Fypd; [hf;Fypd; [hf;Fypd; ghh;f; ghh;f; ghh;f; ghh;f; ghh;f; gzpg;ghsh;> IFJ Mrpah - gRgpf;
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rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
Kuz;ghLk; ,dj;JtKk; - tplaq;fs;
gpsTgl;Ls;s gpsTgl;Ls;s gpsTgl;Ls;s gpsTgl;Ls;s gpsTgl;Ls;s eyd;fs; eyd;fs; eyd;fs; eyd;fs; eyd;fs;
khw;wk; epfOk; fhyq;fspy; Kuz;ghL vd;gJ rhjhuzkhdjhFk;. ,e;j khw;wkhdJ midthpdJk; eydpw;fhf> chpa KiwapYk; epahakhfTk; Kfhik nra;ag;glhj NghJ kl;LNk td;Kiw kpf;fjhf cUthFfpd;wJ.
mjpfhug; gfph;T kw;Wk; tsg;gfph;T Nghd;wtw;wpy; Vw;gLk; rkkpd;ikahdJ r%fq;fis vjph; vjpuhfj; J}z;btplf; $bajhFk;. ,jdhy; mth;fs; ,df; FOkq;fshFjy; Nghd;W FOkq;fshFtjpy; Gfyplk; ngWfpd;whh;fs;. NkYk; mth;fs; mjpfhuj;jpw;fhfTk;> mwpjhd tsq;fspw;fhfTk; Nghl;bapLfpd;whh;fs;.
,d> fyhrhu my;yJ kjf; FOkq;fspw;fpilNa njhlh;ghly; KwptilAk; NghJk;> fle;j fhy kdf;Fiwfs; jPh;f;fg;glhkNyNa tplg;gLk; NghJk; Kuz;ghL Njhd;Wtjw;fhd rhj;jpak; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
Xh; ,df; FOkkhdJ nghJthd %jhijah; kuG> kjk;> nkhop> tuyhW> fyhrhuk; kw;Wk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhf milahsk; gw;wpa nghJthd czh;T> xd;whd cWg;gpdh;fshf ,Uf;Fk; czh;T Nghd;wtw;iwg; gfph;e;J nfhs;fpd;wJ.
kf;fs; gd;Kf milahsq;fisf; nfhz;lth;fs; vd;gijg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; epidtpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; kf;fs; gd;Kf milahsq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sdh; vd;gijg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; kdjpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; mth;fis xU jdpg;gl;ltuhf> xU Mzhf my;yJ xU ngz;zhf my;yJ FLk;gj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf> ehl;bd; gpui[ahf NkYk; rpy Ntisfspy; xU ,df; FOkj;jpd; mq;fkhf Nehf;Ffpd;wdh;. ,yq;ifia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; ,J K];ypkhf> rpq;fskhf my;yJ jkpohf ,Uf;ff; $Lk;. mth;fspd; ,dj;Jt milahsk; typAWj;jg;gLfpd;w msthdJ> mth;fspd; tuyhw;W> murpay; kw;Wk; r%f mDgtq;fs; kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; nrs[d;a epiy my;yJ gjw;wk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; jq;fpAs;sJ.
gj;jphpifj; gj;jphpifj; gj;jphpifj; gj;jphpifj; gj;jphpifj; Jiwapd; Jiwapd; Jiwapd; Jiwapd; Jiwapd; ghj;jpuk; ghj;jpuk; ghj;jpuk;
ghj;jpuk; ghj;jpuk; ePz;l fhykhf Aj;j KidapNy nra;jp Nrfhpg;gtuhfg; gzpahw;wpa fpwp];n`l;[]; ,t;thW $Wfpd;whh; : "Aj;jj;ij Cf;Ftpf;Fk; ntw;Wg; Gide;Jiufis ePbj;jpUf;fr; nra;gth;fspy; gj;jphpiffSk; muRk; Kjd;ik ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd. mNj Nghy; tpw;gidiaAk; jukpliyAk; cah;j;JtjpYk; ,th;fs; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wdh;. Aj;jj;jpYs;s ngha;ahdJ mNdfkhf vg;nghOJNk flikg; Gwf;fzpg;gpd; ngha;ahFk;."
ntw;Wg; Gide;Jiu kpF Aj;jj;jpNy epfo;TfSf;Fg; Nghypahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. "ehq;fs; Njhy;tpfis ,Wjp ntw;wpf;fhd ghijapy; ,Uf;Fk; topfhl;b kukhfg; ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;. ehk; vkJ vjphpia kdpjj; jukw;wth;fshf Mf;Ftjhy;> mth;fs; kdpjh;fshfNt njd;gLtjpy;iy. ehk; vk;ik> vkJ kf;fisf; fyg;gw;w ew;Fzj;jpd; milahskhf Nehf;Ffpd;Nwhk;......
Nkw;Nfhs; : kf;fs; gd;Kf milahsq;fisf; nfhz;lth;fs; vd;gijg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; epidtpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
"xt;nthU jug;Gk; kw;iwa jug;ig rlg;nghUs; epiyf;Fj; jho;j;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wJ.  xU Neh;ikahd gd;ikthj murpay; tpthjj;ij Cf;Ftpg;gjpYk;> gjw;wj;ijj; jzpf;ff; $ba tplaq;fs;> nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; cj;jpfs; gw;wp tOtw;w> jFe;j rkaj;jpyhd jfty;fis toq;FtjpYk;> rkkhd Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpNy jtwhd GhpjYf;Fk; gifikf;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; mwpahik kw;Wk; mr;rj;jpid Fiwg;gjw;F Vw;w epiyikia cUthf;FtjpYk; Clfk; Kf;fpakhd ghj;jpuj;ij tfpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,ijr; nra;tjw;fhfg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; Kuz;ghl;bd; %yj;ijAk; fhuzj;ijAk; Muha Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd; gpur;rpidiaj; jPHg;gjw;fhd fye;Jiuahly;fs; kw;Wk; eilKiw MNyhridfs; gw;wpr; nraw;jpwd; kpF Kiwapy; mwpf;ifapl KbAk;. Aj;jk; kw;Wk; rkhjhdk; gw;wpa mwpf;ifaply; epWtdkhdJ> Kuz;ghl;L Neuj;jpy; mwpf;ifapLk; gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;fhd MW flikfis tiuaiw nra;Js;sJ.
Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl NkYk; vt
epahakhf epahakhf epahakhf epahakhf epahakhf jd;ikfi VjhtJ ghh;itah
Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl - midj kdf;Fiw kdf;Fiw jPh;g;gjw;F Ntz;Lk;.
kdpjj;jpd kdpjj;jpd kdpjj;jpd kdpjj;jpd kdpjj;jpd tLf;fis fijfis jtwhfg; kf;fSf;F Nkw;N mwpf;ifa Muha Nt
rkhjhd rkhjhd rkhjhd rkhjhd rkhjhd K K K K K ,zf;fg;g tplaq;fi tpLgth;f ,jpNy m fhuzpfs
vkJ vkJ vkJ vkJ vkJ nr nr nr n n mwpf;ifa ghjpf;Fk;
cz;ik> cz;ik> cz;ik> cz;ik> cz;ik> r r r r r
"Cl ntsp gphpe;J ,Uf;F Nghd typi rhh;e;j nraw
,q;N gj;jphpi ,iznt rkhjhdj flg;ghl;b epaha Kfg;Gj; N vd mJ N nfhLf;fpd mjpfhug #oiktp NjLtJ , epaha Jiwahd Ntisfs toq;f K %ykhf mghafuk nky;N ghh;f;ifap Njlyhd
6

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
aq;fs;
hdjhFk;. iwapYk; d;Kiw
; Vw;gLk; bajhFk;. hFtjpy; w;fhfTk;>
hlh;ghly; hkNyNa Lfpd;wJ.
k;> nkhop> k; gw;wpa ; czh;T
d;gijg; s; gd;Kf ahsh;fs; l;ltuhf> ;jpd; xU U ,df; fhz;lhy; th;fspd; th;fspd; ;jpaj;jpd;
J.
;gtuhfg; Aj;jj;ij th;fspy; Nj Nghy; ;fspg;Gr; ghOJNk
ghypahd s ,Wjp pd;Nwhk;. mth;fs; f;fisf;
;lth;fs; tz;Lk;.
piyf;Fj; fpd;wJ."
py; my;y thjj;ij hs;iffs; ty;fis jtwhd k kw;Wk; k; Clfk;
;ghl;bd; hJ jhd; ilKiw KbAk;. dkhdJ> hd MW
Kuz;ghl;bidg; Kuz;ghl;bidg; Kuz;ghl;bidg; Kuz;ghl;bidg; Kuz;ghl;bidg; Ghpe;J Ghpe;J Ghpe;J Ghpe;J Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ nfhs;tJ nfhs;tJ nfhs;tJ nfhs;tJ - vt;thW mJ cUthFfpd;wJ. NkYk; vt;thW jPh;Tfs; Njhd;wyhk;.
epahakhf epahakhf epahakhf epahakhf epahakhf mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ - midj;Jg; gphptpduJk; rpf;fy; jd;ikfisAk; fUj;Jf;fisAk; mwpf;ifapLtJ kw;Wk; vkf;F VjhtJ gw;WWjp ,Ug;gpd; mij thrfh;fSf;Fk; ghh;itahsh;fSf;Fk; njspthf ntspg;gLj;JtJ.
Kuz;ghl;bd; Kuz;ghl;bd; Kuz;ghl;bd; Kuz;ghl;bd; Kuz;ghl;bd; gpd;Gyj;ijAk; gpd;Gyj;ijAk; gpd;Gyj;ijAk; gpd;Gyj;ijAk; gpd;Gyj;ijAk; fhuzq;fisAk; fhuzq;fisAk; fhuzq;fisAk; fhuzq;fisAk; fhuzq;fisAk; mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ - midj;Jj; jug;gpduJk; epahakhdJk;> czug;gLfpd;wJkhd kdf;Fiwfis tOtpd;wp ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. czug;gLfpd;w kdf;Fiwfs; $l Kuz;ghl;bidr; rjh ePbf;fr; nra;tjw;Fk;> jPh;g;gjw;Fk; Kf;fpakhdit vd;gjid thrfh;fSf;F epidt+l;lTk; Ntz;Lk;.
kdpjj;jpd; kdpjj;jpd; kdpjj;jpd; kdpjj;jpd; kdpjj;jpd; gf;fj;ijr; gf;fj;ijr; gf;fj;ijr; gf;fj;ijr; gf;fj;ijr; rkh;g;gpg;gJ rkh;g;gpg;gJ rkh;g;gpg;gJ rkh;g;gpg;gJ rkh;g;gpg;gJ - mth;fspd; kd mjph;r;rp tLf;fisAk;> Kuz;ghl;bdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l midtuJ kdpjf; fijfisAk; rkdpiy NgZk; tpjj;jpYk;> epGzj;JtkhfTk;> jtwhfg; gad;gLj;jhkYk; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,J me;j kf;fSf;Fk;> vkJ thrfh;fSf;Fkhd flg;ghlhFk;.
Nkw;Nfhs; : gj;jphpifahsh;fs; nraw;jpwd; kpF Kiwapy; mwpf;ifapLtjw;fhf> Kuz;ghl;bd; %yq;fisAk; fhuzq;fisAk; Muha Ntz;Lk;.
rkhjhd rkhjhd rkhjhd rkhjhd rkhjhd Kaw;rpfs; Kaw;rpfs; Kaw;rpfs; Kaw;rpfs; Kaw;rpfs; gw;wp gw;wp gw;wp gw;wp gw;wp mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ mwpf;ifapLtJ - rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; kPs; ,zf;fg;ghL Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhf gzpahw;Wgth;fs; gw;wpa rfy tplaq;fisAk; Fwpg;gLtijg; Nghy Kuz;ghl;bidj; J}z;b tpLgth;fisg; gw;wpAk; midj;ijAk; mwpf;ifapl Ntz;Lk;. ,jpNy mbg;gilahfg; Nghhpy;  cz;ik> cz;ik> cz;ik> cz;ik> rkhjhdk; rkhjhdk; rkhjhdk; rkhjhdk; rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; epahakhd epahakhd epahakhd epahakhd epahakhd jd;ik jd;ik jd;ik jd;ik jd;ik
"Clfj;jpd; mq;fq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; gj;jphpifahsh;fs;> ntspaPl;lhsh;fs;> Mrphpah;fs; Nghd;Nwhh; r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; gphpe;J tho;gth;fs; my;y. mth;fs; r%fj;jpid cUthf;fp ,Uf;Fk; gpsTfs;> Nghl;b kdg;ghd;ikfs;> vjph;r; rhh;Gfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; gFjpahf ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. mth;fSf;F ,Uf;fpd;w typikahd ghj;jpuj;ijg; gw;wpa g+uz gpuf;iQAld; mth;fs; rhh;e;jpUf;fpd;w gf;fj;jpd; eyd;fis Nkk;gLj;Jk; topfspy; nraw;gl mth;fs; tpisfpd;whh;fs;."
n[`hd; n[`hd; n[`hd; n[`hd; n[`hd; ngNuuh> ngNuuh> ngNuuh> ngNuuh> ngNuuh> ,dj;Jt tptfhuq;fs; gw;wpa fpukkhd gj;jp vOj;jhsh;> nla;yp kpuh;
,q;Nf vOfpd;w nghJthd Nfs;tp> rkhjhdj; NjlyhdJ gj;jphpifj; Jiwapy; cz;ik vDk; flg;ghl;Lld; ,iznthj;jpUf;ff; $bajh vd;gNj. xU gj;jphpifahsh; rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd jpl;lj;jpid itj;Jf; nfhz;Nl cz;ikf;fhd flg;ghl;bidAk;> epahakhd jd;ikapidAk; gw;wpg; gpf;f KbAkh? epahakhd jd;ikapd; cz;ikahd tpOkpak; vd;dntdpy;> Kfg;Gj; Njhw;wj;jpy; mjpfhug+h;t mwpf;ifapid Vw;f Ntz;lhk; vd mJ Ntz;LtNjahFk;. mJ mjpfkhd fUj;Jf;fSf;F mOj;jk; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. mjpfkhd gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jfty;fSf;fhf xU mjpfhug+h;t %yj;jpy; khj;jpuNk jq;fpapUf;Fk; ,yq;ifr; #oiktpNy> nra;jpapNy rkdpiyiaAk;> mjpf Fuy;fisAk; NjLtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
epahakhd jd;ikapdhy; top elj;jg;gLfpd;w gj;jphpifj; JiwahdJ cz;ikf;fhd cj;juthjk; MfhJ vd;gjhfTk; rpy Ntisfspy; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. fUj;Jf;fspd; rkdpiyia toq;f Kaw;rpg;gJ kw;Wk; mij thrfh;fisj; jPh;khdpf;f tpLtJ %ykhf epahakhd jd;ikapidj; NjLtjhdJ Fwpg;ghf mghafukhd xd;whFk;.
nky;Ngh;d; gy;fiyf;fof mwptpayhsh; ePy;nytpapd; fUj;Jg;gb ghh;f;ifapNy> mghakhdJ ,J jhd;. "rkdpiyapd; tifnjhifaw;w NjlyhdJ> epahakhd jd;ikf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yhJ> Mdhy;
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cz;ikapd; nkhj;jkhd cUj;jphpgpw;Nf mJ ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;." (nytp 2004)
Fwpg;ghf> Kuz;ghl;bNy> midj;J epiyg;ghLfSk; rkkhd jFjpapidf; nfhz;litay;y vd;gJ Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fspy; xd;whFk;. vdNt gj;jphpifahsh; xt;nthU epiyg;ghl;bdJk; xg;gPl;lstpyhd jFjpapid kjpg;gPL nra;J mtw;iw mth;fspd; kdr;rhl;rpf;F mika epahakhf mwpf;ifapl Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf> gyh; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ Nghy; rpWth;fisg; gilapy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ jtW vdpd;> mg; gilapw; Nrh;j;jypdhy; ed;ik ngWfpd;wth;fSf;F ek;gfj; jd;ikia toq;Ftjd; %yk; ehk; vkJ mwpf;ifapliy epahakhdjhf Mf;Ftjpy;iy.
vt;thwhapDk;> ,J gpur;rhuk; nra;tjw;fhd mDkjpia toq;ftpy;iy. gj;jphpifahsh;fs; mth;fspd; nrhe;jg; gf;fr; rhh;gpidf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhz;L> Kuz;gLk; fUj;Jf;fSf;F epahakhd Kiwapy; mwpf;ifapLtJ mth;fspd; flik vd nytp epidt+l;Lfpd;whh;. gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; gpujhd ,yf;fhf
Aj;jj;jpy; Aj;jj;jpy; Aj;jj;jpy; Aj;jj;jpy; Aj;jj;jpy;
epa+Nahh;f; ilk;]; gj;jphpifahsh; fpwp];n`l;[]; epa+Nahh;f; E}y;fspd; kPsha;tpNy>  Nkl;Lf; FbapdNuh my;y." Aj;jk; gw;wpa cz;ik gpd;G vg;gb tUfpd;wJ vd;gij mth; Nfhl;bl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;whH.
Aj;jj;jpy; Kw;whfj; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lth;fNs Aj;jj;jpid mwpthh;fs;. ngUik> nfsutk;> ehl;Lg; gw;Wg; Nghd;w Nfhl;ghl;lsthd nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp fhag;gl;lth;fspd; Xyq;fis %b kiwf;f Kaw;rpg;gth;fspd; ntw;W tPwhg;gpD}Nl ,j; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lth;fs; mh;j;jkw;w nfhiyfisAk;> Aj;jj;jpdhy; nfhs;isyhgkbj;jiyAk;> kdij nefpo itf;Fk; Jauq;fisAk; ghh;f;fpd;whh;fs;. nty;gth;fs; nghJthf Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj ngha;fis mth;fs; mwpthh;fs;. Jzpr;ry; kw;Wk; Njhoik Nghd;wtw;wpd; fijfshy; epuk;gpa> gfl;lhuthukpf;f Aj;j epidTf; $l;lq;fspYk;> ntw;Wg; Gide;Jiu kpF Aj;jf; fijfspYk; tputpf; fplf;Fk; ngha;fis mth;fs; mwpthh;fs;. Aj;jj;ij cUthf;Fk; Mdhy; Aj;jj;ijg; gw;wpj; njhpahj newpaw;w ,uhr je;jphpfspdhy; vOjg;gLk; njsptw;w> RaKf;fpaj;Jtk; kpf;f tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gf;fspy; CLUTk; ngha;fis mth;fs; mwpthh;fs;. Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lth;fNs Aj;jk; - kuzk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilj; jd;ikapid mwpthh;fs;. Aj;jk; vd;gJ gpzq;fs; kPjhd fhk Ntl;if
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
7
vd;gij m mopT Ng vd;gij tsh;f;fpd thjj;jpw;F kw;Wk; ghJ mwpthh;fs td;Kiwa mNjNghy mDkjpa ,iuahfp
Md Kbtile Mz;fS jhNah m Jauj;ij> mth;fs; gpd;Ng n ntF rpy Mdhy; n fijfnsy nraw;gh cUthf;F ntw;Wg; G nfhz;L e
cz;ikf;f jd;ikAl fUj;Jf;fi kf;fis v vd;gjpy; rkh;g;gpf;f GhpjYf;F xU f tpsf;Ftj tiu nra efh;j;JtJ Ntz;bAs Nrh;g;gjw kd;dpf;fh Ntz;Lk;.

k;." (nytp
; rkkhd aq;fspy; l;bdJk; th;fspd; huzkhf> nfhs;tJ h;fSf;F fapliy
kjpia g; gf;fr; pahakhd nytp ,yf;fhf
a+Nahh;f; ; nra;jp ;Liuapy; fpd;whh;. g; Ghpe;J h my;y." hl;bl;Lf;
wpthh;fs;. hw;fisg; kiwf;f l;lth;fs; ;jiyAk;> y;gth;fs; Jzpr;ry; thukpf;f Aj;jf; Aj;jj;ij ;w ,uhr uyhw;Wf; thh;fs;. g;gilj; Ntl;if
;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
7
vd;gij mth;fs; Ghpe;J nfhs;fpd;whh;fs;. Aj;jk; vd;gJ ntWg;G kw;Wk; mopT Nghd;w mjd; ,yf;Ffisf; nfhz;l xU J}a ghtj;jpd; epiy vd;gij mth;fs; ghh;f;fpd;whh;fs;. Aj;jk; vt;thW gphptpidg; Nghw;wp tsh;f;fpd;wJ> jtph;f;f Kbahj tifapy; rka kw;Wk; tplatplatplatplatpla kWg;G thjj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wJ> kw;Wk; vt;thW mJ tho;f;ifapd; Gdpjk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;wpw;F vy;yhk; mg;ghw;gl;lJ vd;gij mth;fs; mwpthh;fs;. Aj;jk; gw;wpa Vida midj;Jf; fijfSk;> kpf ,yFthf> td;Kiwapd; fth;r;rpf;Fk;> kUl;rpj; jpwj;jpw;Fk; ,iuahfp tpLfpd;wd. mNjNghyNt mit rl;lj;jpd; ghJfhg;Gld; nfhiyfisg; Ghptjw;fhd mDkjpapidf; nfhz;L tUk; flTs; Nghd;w mjpfhuj;jpd; fth;r;rpf;Fk; ,iuahfp tpLfpd;wd.
Mdhy; Aj;jj;jpNy Njhy;tp fz;Nlhhpd; thh;j;ijfs; Aj;jk; Kbtile;J kpf ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F gpd;Ng ntsptUfpd;wd. tsh;e;j Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk; mthf;s; rpWth;fshf ,Ue;j NghJ mth;fspd; jhNah my;yJ jfg;gNdh nfhy;yg;gl;l my;yJ flj;jpr; nry;yg;gl;l Jauj;ij> mth;fspd; tPl;il> r%fj;ij> ghJfhg;ig ,oe;j Jauj;ij> mth;fs; kdpjf; Fg;igfshff; fopj;J vwpag;gl;l Jauj;ij tsh;e;j gpd;Ng ntsptpLfpd;wdh;. Mdhy; me;j Neuj;jpy; mijf; Nfl;gjw;F ntF rpyNu cs;sdh;. Aj;jk; gw;wpa cz;ik ntsptuNt nra;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; nghJthf kpfTk; fhyk; jho;j;jpNa tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,e;jf; fijfnsy;yhk; Njrk; njhlq;fj; jahuhfpd;w ngUik kpf;f td;Kiwr; nraw;ghl;bNy vj;jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ vd Aj;jj;ij cUthf;Fgth;fs; vkf;F cj;juthjk; mspf;fpd;whh;fs;. NkYk; Aj;jj;jpd; ntw;Wg; Gid fijfisAk; mjd; tYt+l;liyAk; MtYld; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ehk; mijg; ghh;f;fhky; ,Uf;fNt nghpJk; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;.
cz;ikf;fhd flg;ghLk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mij mth;fs; epahakhd jd;ikAld; xj;jpirtpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ntWkNd ,U jug;gpduJk; fUj;Jf;fisj; NjLtJ cz;ikf;fhd Nehf;fj;ij Nkk;gLj;jhJ. ehk; kf;fis vt;thW Kiwrhh;e;j cz;ikf;F mg;ghy; vLj;Jr; nry;yyhk; vd;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. mJ epahakhd Kiwapy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk;> mjd; cz;ikahd tpisTfs; gw;wpa GhpjYf;F kf;fisf; $l;br; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.
xU fijapid Mokhff; fpsWtjw;Fk;> gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;Fk;> tpsf;Ftjw;Fk; NkYk; mJ cz;ik vJ ngha; vJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; tiu nra;jpapid rl;lfj;jpDs; NghLtjw;Fk; vt;thW mij efh;j;JtJ vd;gjw;F ehk; epahakhd jd;ikf;F mg;ghy; Nehf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. nra;jpfspy; Vw;fdNt ,y;yhj tplaq;fis mjDs; Nrh;g;gjw;fhf gj;jphpifahsh;fis epahakhd jd;ikahdJ kd;dpf;fhJ vd;gijapl;Lk; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (fd;dpq;fk;> 2004)

Page 8
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
iólaIK m%;sM,
ngUk; gpsT - gj;jphpifahsh;fs; vd;d epidf;fpd;whh;f
mwpf;ifapLfpd;whh;fs
Kuz;ghl;Lf; fhyq;fspNy Clfk; tfpj;j ghj;jpuj;jpidg; gw;wp
❍ jkpo;g mjpfstpyhd gFg;gha;Tfs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s mNjNtis>
ghhpa mtw;wpNy ngUk;ghd;ikahdit cz;ikahd cs;slf;fj;jpNyNa
,lk;n ftdj;ijf; Ftpj;jpUe;jd. Mdhy; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; vjph; Nehf;fpa
cs;s rthy;fs; gw;wpa mth;fspd; mDgtk;> mth;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;w
mur jilfs;> mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l VjhtJ MjuT> kpfTk;
nrad Kf;fpakhf * epGzj;JtKk; newpAk; kpf;f gj;jphpifj;Jiwia
nfhz eilKiwg;gLj;j vd;d tsq;fs; Njit vd mth;fs; czUfpd;whh;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw mhpjhfNt gFg;gha;thsh;fs; Kiwrhh; topapNy mth;fsplk; Nfl;Ls;sdh;.
❍ Mq;f
nts nrad IFJ ,yq;ifapYs;s mjd; gq;fhsh;fSld; Nrh;e;J 100
jpdrh gj;jphpifahsh;fis mth;fspd; kdg;ghq;Ffs;> mDgtq;fs;
Mju njhlh;ghf Neh;fz;Ls;sJld; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd mth;fspd; MNyhridfisAk; Nfl;Ls;sJ.
❍ (rpq;f
mJ g Ma;thdJ fzpg;gPl;bid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJld;>
eltb mjpfkhd jfty;fs; NeUf;F Neh; re;jpg;gpd; NghJ gjpag;gl;Ls;sd.
❍ rpq;fs gjpyhff; fpilj;j juTfs; ,yq;ifapNy gj;jphpifahsh;fs; vd;d
apd; epiyikfspd; fPo; njhopy; Ghpfpd;whh;fs;> mth;fs; nra;jp Nrfhpf;f
nra;j vd;d Kiwfisf; ifahSfpd;whh;fs;> kw;Wk; Kuz;ghL gw;wp
ngah mwpf;ifapLtjpy; mth;fSf;F cs;s mDgtq;fs; Nghd;wdtw;iwg;
mNj gw;wpj; jdpj;Jtkhd mwptpid toq;Ffpd;wd.
LTTE Kuz;ghL mwpf;ifaplg;gLk; Kiwapy; jw;NghJ fhzg;gLfpd;w
mwpf mbg;gilg; gpur;rpidfspy;> tsq;fisr; nrd;wiltjw;fhd
❍ rpq;fs Fiwthd nry;top> gf;fr;rhh;ghdJk;> ek;g KbahjJkhd jfty;
gf;fr %yq;fs; (Fwpg;ghf mur JiwapypUe;J)> jftYf;F cs;s nkhopj;
,Ue jil> Clfj;jpy; Vida ,df; FOkq;fspd; chpa gpujpepjpj;Jtk;
fUj ,y;yhik Nghd;wd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.
xg;gpL tpdhf; nfhj;jpw;Fg; gjpyspj;j 100 gj;jphpifahsh;fspy;> 88% khNdhh; mr;R Clfj;jpy; gzp Ghpfpd;wdh;. mj;Jld; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd
gf;fr $ba gjpypy; Mq;fpyk;> jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fsk; Mfpa nkhopfspy; rkkhd
❍ Kuz gpujpepjpj;Jtk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
mid ngah Clfj;jpidf; Clfj;jpidf; Clfj;jpidf; Clfj;jpidf; Clfj;jpidf; fz;fhzpj;jy;; fz;fhzpj;jy;; fz;fhzpj;jy;; fz;fhzpj;jy;; fz;fhzpj;jy;;
gad
gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; fUj;Jf;fspd; fzpg;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F> midj;Jg; gpujhd ehshe;j nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffSk; 2004 [{d; 1 Kjy; 14 tiuapyhd ,uz;L thu fhyg;gFjpf;Ff; fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;ld. mt;NtisapNy> ,yq;if murpw;Fk;> jkpoPo
❍ LTTE my;y gj;jph cWjp
tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jk; ,uz;L
❍ ,f; f tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf mKypy; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; rkhjhdg;
epiy Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; xU tUlj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf ,ilepWj;jg;gl;bUe;jd.
fplf;f
rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfis kPsj; njhlq;FtNj mg;Nghija fhpridfspy; gpujhdkhd xd;whf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt> rkhjhdr;
jfti thrf
nrad;KiwAk; mJ njhlh;ghd midj;J tplaq;fSk; vt;thW 422 nra;jp tplaq;fspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;ld vd;gijNa fz;fhzpg;Gr;
mwpf;ifapl mwpf;ifapl mwpf;ifapl mwpf;ifapl mwpf;ifapl nrad;Kiw Nehl;lkpl;lJ.
fzpg (132 Mq;fpyk;> 166 rpq;fsk;> 144 jkpo;) ❍ Kuz;ghL kw;Wk; rkhjhdr; nrad;Kiw gw;wpa cs;slf;fkhdJ gf;fr; rhh;ghdjhfTk;> czh;Tfisf; fpswptplf; $bajhfTk;> NkYk; mjpfkhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; Fwpg;ghf rpq;fs kw;Wk; jkpo; nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffs; xU %yj;ij kl;LNk Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;LtjhfTk; ,Ug;gij KbTfs; fhl;bd. ❍ (rpq;fs kw;Wk; jkpo; nkhop %yg; gj;jphpiffs; jj;jkJ thrfh;fSf;F tpj;jpahrkpf;f nra;jpfis toq;Ffpd;wd vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sd.) ❍ fz;fhzpg;G ,lk;ngw;w fhy fl;lj;jpNy> rkhjhdg; Ngr;R thh;j;ijfis kPsj; njhlq;Fjy; gw;wpa tplaq;fshd> rkhjhdr; nrad;Kiw kw;Wk; mJ njhlh;ghd tplaq;fs; gw;wpa fl;LiufSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l ,lk;> Kjd;ik epiy kw;Wk; juk; vd;gtw;iwNa ,e; eltbf;if fz;fhzpj;jJ.
Mrphpah;f jfty;fi trjpg;gL ,Ug;gjhf
vdpD eltbf;i miuthr Kuz;ghL gf;fj;jpdJ
,yq nghWg;Gf mNjNti Kuz;ghL toq;fg; jtWfpd;w
8

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
sh;fs; vd;d epidf;fpd;whh;fs; NkYk; mth;fs; vt;thW
mwpf;ifapLfpd;whh;fs
dg; gw;wp
❍ jkpo;g; gj;jphpiffs; rkhjhdr; nrad;Kiw gw;wpa nra;jpfisg; Ntis>
ghhpa mstpy; cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. mtw;wpNy 72 fl;Liufs; j;jpNyNa
,lk;ngw;wpUe;jd. Kd;gf;fj;jpy; ntspahFk; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpfs; ; Nehf;fpa
cs;slf;fj;jpy; mjpfsthd Kjd;ik epiyapidg; ngw;wpUe;jd. hLf;fpd;w
mur fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s gj;jphpiffis tpl ,it rkhjhdr; > kpfTk;
nrad;Kiw gw;wp kpfTk; rhjfkhd epiyg;ghl;bidf; ;Jiwia
nfhz;bUe;jd. th;fs; thsh;fs;
❍ Mq;fpyj; jpdrhpahd 'j Iyz;l;' rkhjhdj;jpw;F Mjuthf ntspapl;l 7 nra;jpfSld; xg;gpLifapNy> rkhjhdr; nrad;Kiwf;F vjpuhf 26 nra;jpfis ntspapl;bUe;jJ. rpq;fsj; h;e;J 100
jpdrhpahd jptapd> rkhjhdj;jpw;F vjpuhf 15 nra;jpfisAk;> gtq;fs;
Mjuthf 3 nra;jpfisAk; ntspapl;bUe;jJ. th;fspd;
❍ (rpq;fsg; gj;jphpiffs; Aj;j epWj;j kPwy;fspd; ftdk; Ftpj;J mJ gw;wp 42 nra;jpfisAk;> mNjNtis murhq;fj;jpd; ,uhZt ;sJld;>
eltbf;if gw;wp 11 nra;jpfisANk ntspapl;bUe;jd. ) l;Ls;sd.
❍ rpq;fs kw;Wk; Mq;fpyr; nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffspy; ntspahd LTTE ;fs; vd;d
apd; ,uhZt eltbf;iffs; njhlh;ghd midj;Jr; Nrfhpf;f
nra;jpfspYk; 70% w;Fk; mjpfkhdtw;wpd; gpujhd nra;jp %ykhf hL gw;wp
ngahplg;glhj nghyp]; kw;Wk; ,uhZt %yq;fs; ,Ue;j tw;iwg;
mNjNtis> td;Kiw gw;wpr; nra;jp ntspapl;l jkpo; Clfq;fs; LTTE apid my;yJ mjDld; njhlh;Ggl;l %yj;jpid ;gLfpd;w
mwpf;ifaplYf;fhd jkJ gpujhd %ykhff; nfhz;bUe;jd. tjw;fhd
❍ rpq;fsg; gj;jphpiffspy; ntspte;j nra;jpfs; nghJthfg; jfty;
gf;fr;rhh;G kpf;fitahfTk;> czh;Tfisf; fpswp tpLgitahfTk; nkhopj;
,Ue;jd. rpq;fsg; gj;jphpiffspy; xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l pjpj;Jtk;
fUj;Jf;fisj; jhq;fp ntspte;j 47 fl;LiufSld; xg;gpLifapy;> mtw;wpNy ntspte;j 74 fl;Liufs; xd;wpy; py;> 88% Pl;bw;fhd
gf;fr;rhh;G kpf;fjhfNth my;yJ czh;Tfisf; fpswptplf; $baitahfNth ,Ue;Js;sd. ; rkkhd
❍ Kuz;ghL kw;Wk; mJ njhlh;ghf rpq;fs Clfj;jpy; ntspte;j midj;Jf; fl;LiufspYk; 50% w;Fk; mjpfkhdit ngahplg;gl;l my;yJ ngahplg;glhj xU %yj;ij kl;LNk gad;gLj;jpAs;sd.
ngw;Wf; piffSk; Fjpf;Ff; ;> jkpoPo
❍ LTTE apid tpkh;rpf;Fk; tpjkhf mike;j murpay; fUj;Jf;fs; my;yJ nra;jpfisg; gw;wp mwpf;ifapLtjpy; jkpo; nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffs; Ra jzpf;ifapidf; filg;gpbf;fpd;wd vd;gJ cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ❍ ,f; fzpg;gPl;bd; %yk; vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gLk; ,yq;if Clfj;jpd; ; ,uz;L khjhdg;
epiy vd;dntdpy;> mJ ,d kw;Wk; nkhoprhh;e;J gphpe;J ;bUe;jd.
fplf;fpd;wJ> nghJ kf;fSf;Fr; rkepiyahd> gf;fr;rhh;gw;w Clfj;
;Nghija khjhdr;
jftiy toq;fp rkhjhdj; jPh;tpw;F cjthky; jj;jkJ thrfh;fSf;F tpj;jpahrkhd nra;jpfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.
; vt;thW ;fhzpg;Gr;
mwpf;ifaply; mwpf;ifaply; mwpf;ifaply; mwpf;ifaply; mwpf;ifaply; : : : : : vkJ vkJ vkJ vkJ vkJ ghj;jpuk; ghj;jpuk; ghj;jpuk;
ghj;jpuk; ghj;jpuk; fzpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l gj;jphpifahsh;fs; kw;Wk; Mrphpah;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb> ,yq;ifapYs;s Clfj;jpd; ghj;jpukhdJ
f;fkhdJ ajhfTk;> ;Wk; jkpo; kw;Nfhs;
jfty;fis toq;FtjhfTk;> Kuz;ghl;Lj; jPHtpid trjpg;gLj;JtjhfTk; kw;Wk; epahakhfTk; eLepiyahfTk; ,Ug;gjhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
vdpDk;> ajhh;j;jj;jpNy ,e;epiyikf;F ntFJ}ukhfNt eltbf;iffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fzpg;gPl;bw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l
jj;jkJ fpd;wd
miuthrpf;Fk; Nkw;gl;Nlhhpd; fUj;Jg;gb> ,yq;ifapd; ,d Kuz;ghL gw;wpa nra;jpfis cs;slf;ifapy; ClfkhdJ ,U gf;fj;jpdJ nra;jpfisAk; ntspapLtjpy;iy vd;Nw Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.
g; Ngr;R rkhjhdr;
,yq;ifapYs;s mjpfkhd gj;jphpifahsh;fs; Clfj;jpd; nghWg;Gf;fisg; ghuhl;Lfpd;whh;fs; vd;gij ,J njhptpf;fpd;w mNjNtis> gjpy; toq;fpath;fspy; 87% khdth;fs; jw;NghJs;s ; gw;wpa w;Wk; juk;
Kuz;ghL gw;wpr; rhpahd> rkdpiyahd kw;Wk; epahakhd jfty;fis toq;fg; NghJkhd eltbf;iffis vLf;f ,yq;if Clfk; jtWfpd;wJ vdr; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sdh;.
8

Page 9
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
gjpyspj;j [thpy; ehd;FNgh; ,yq;if Clfq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l ,df; FOkq;fSf;F gf;fr; rhh;Gilajhf elg;gjhy; ,f; FiwghL Vw;gLfpd;wJ vd;fpd;wdh;. ,jd; %ykhf mth;fs; rpwe;j gj;jphpifj; Jiw vd vJ Ghpe;J nfhs;sg; gl;Ls;sNjh mjw;Fk; mjd; cz;ikahd eilKiwf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ,ilntspiaf; Nfhl;bl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sdh;.
nra;jpapidg; nra;jpapidg; nra;jpapidg; nra;jpapidg; nra;jpapidg; ngw;Wf; ngw;Wf; ngw;Wf; ngw;Wf; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; nfhs;Sjy; nfhs;Sjy;
nfhs;Sjy; nfhs;Sjy; rkepiyNgZfpd;w mwpf;ifapidg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; toq;Ftjw;Fg; ghhpa jilahf nra;jp %yq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gijf; fzpg;gPLk;> Clff; fz;fhzpg;Gk; fz;lwpe;Js;sd. ,k; %yq;fs; mbg;gilapNy gf;fr; rhh;GiladthfTk;> kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;litahfTk;> xU %yj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhfr; nrd;wila KbahjitahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ❍ fzpg;gPl;bNy gq;F nfhz;Nlhhpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;bw;Fk; Nkw;gl;lth;fs;> Kuz;ghl;Lr; #o;epiy gw;wpa nra;jpfis cs;slf;Ftjw;F jhk; ehLfpd;w kpfg; nghJthd %ykhf nghyp]; gilapidf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdh;. Vida %yq;fspy; nghJkf;fs;> murpay;thjpfs;> vd;.[p.Xf;fs;> MAjf; FOf;fs; kw;Wk; ,uhZtk; Nghd;wd mlq;Ffpd;wd. ❍ Kuz;ghl;bid gw;wpa nr;ajpfis cs;slf;ifapy; kpfTk; gad; Fiwe;j %ykhf ,yq;ifj; jfty; jpizf;fsk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ. ❍ gjpy; mspj;jth;fspy; %d;wpy; ,uz;bw;Fk; Nkw;gl;lth;fs; mur fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s epWtdq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLfpd;w jfty;fisapl;L mjpUg;jp njhptpj;jdh;. mtw;wpid mth;fs; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk; gf;fr;rhh;GilajhfTk; fhz;gjhff; Fwpg;gpl;ldh;. NkYk; gjpyspj;j Ithpy; ehd;F Ngh; mtw;wpd; jfty;fs; jtwhdit my;yJ ek;g Kbahjit vd;W Fwpg;gpl;ldh;. ❍ gjpyspj;j 96% khNdhh; jhk; Kuz;ghl;L mwpf;iffisj; jahhpf;ifapy; Mff; Fiwe;jJ ,uz;L %yq;fisahtJ gad;gLj;j Kaw;rpg;gjhff; $wpAs;s NghjpYk;> gpuRhpf;fg;gl;l nra;jpfspy; 50% w;Fk; mjpfkhdit ngahplg;gl;l my;yJ ngahplg;glhj xU %yj;ij kl;LNk gad;gLj;jpapUg;gjhf Clff; fz;fhzpg;G KbTfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ❍ mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhdJk;> tif tifahdJkhd %yq;fisr; nrd;wiltijj; jLf;Fk; gpujhd fhuzq;fshf nkhopj; jilfs;> nra;jpaiwapy; gy;tifj; jd;ik kw;Wk; Ghpe;Jzh;T ,y;yhik Mfpatw;iwg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; gl;baypl;Ls;sdh;.
jzpf;if jzpf;if jzpf;if jzpf;if jzpf;if
%d;W tUl fhykhf Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jk; epyTfpd;w NghjpYk;> cj;jpNahfg+h;tkhf ve;jj;jzpf;ifAk; ,y;yhj NghjpYk;> ,yq;if Clfq;fspNy kl;Lk; njspthd xU jzpf;iff; fyhr;rhuk; njhlh;e;Jk; ,Ue;J tUtJ fzpg;gPL kw;Wk; Clff; fz;fhzpg;G Mfpa ,uz;by; ,Ue;Jk; njspthFfpd;wJ.
Aj;jk; kw;Wk; rkhjhdk; Mfpa ,uz;bidAk; gw;wpa jfty;fSf;fhd NghJkhd nry;top ,y;yhikahdJ> ,yq;ifapd; Kuz;ghL gw;wpa nra;jpfis ntspg;gilahf cs;slf;Ftjid kiwKfkhfj; jLj;Js;sJ.
jkpo; gj;jphpiffs; vy;hphp< gw;wpa tpkh;rdf; fUj;Jf;fis Ra jzpf;if nra;fpd;wd> mur fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s Clfq;fs; MSk; murpaw; fl;rpapd; rpe;jidg; Nghf;fpid Xl;br; nry;fpd;wd. rpq;fsg; gj;jphpiffNsh Aj;j tya mwpf;iffs; gw;wp ,uhZt mjpfhhpfisf; Nfs;tp Nfl;gjpy;iy> Vnddpy; xU ,uz;lhk; epiy %yk; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jpdhy;> ,uhZtk; $WtJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
xOf;ff; xOf;ff; xOf;ff; xOf;ff; xOf;ff; Nfhit Nfhit Nfhit
Nfhit Nfhit ,yq;ifapy; gj;jphpifj; Jiwapd; juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; xU Kf;fpa gb ,yq;iff;fhd xOf;ff; Nfhitiag; gutyhf Vw;W mij epWtdkag;gLj;jpaikahFk;. ❍ midj;Jg; gj;jphpifahsh;fspYk; miuthrpg; Ngh; kl;LNk njhopy;rhh; eilKiwf; Nfhitapidg; gw;wpj; njhpe;jpUe;jhh;fs;. NkYk; mth;fspd; gj;J tPjj;jpw;Fk; FiwthNdhNu Nfhitapd; gpujpapidNah my;yJ Nfhitapy; gapw;rpapidNah ngw;wpUe;jhh;fs; vd Ma;T Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
❍ fzpg Clf Nfhi Vw;Wf khNd NkYk gapw;r ❍ NkY gj;jph %d;w mwpf mth gapw;r ❍ Kuz Clf ,dq gj;jph rhj;jp
gapw;rpgapw;rpgapw;rpgapw;rpgapw;rp
,d K mjpfhpf;f nghJthd gjpy; ms mwpf;ifa njhptj;jd mwpf;ifa gw;wpAk; j
vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW Kd Kd Kd Kd Kd gjpy; ghj;jpuj;jp epiwNtw vt;thW e vd;gJ jk KbTfs;
Kd;Ndw;wkp Kd;Ndw;wkp Kd;Ndw;wk Kd;Ndw;wk Kd;Ndw;wkp toq;fyhk toq;fyhk toq;fyhk toq;fyhk toq;fyhk;
❍ newp
mKy ❍ Kuz ❍ nra;j ❍ kdf
jiyg jtph;j
9

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
wpg;gpl;l FiwghL j;jphpifj; k; mjd; plj;jf;f
hsh;fs; f;fpd;wd ;sd. ,k; hfTk;> jpfkhfr;
;bw;Fk; a;jpfis %ykhf yq;fspy; FOf;fs;
Tk; gad; g;gl;lJ. ;fs; mur Lfpd;w mth;fs; z;gjhff; mtw;wpd; t vd;W
ffisj; sahtJ pf;fg;gl;l my;yJ pUg;gjhf
q;fisr; ; jilfs;> y;yhik
ghjpYk;> ,yq;if hr;rhuk; ;fhzpg;G
; gw;wpa q;ifapd; ;Ftjid
;fis Ra ; MSk; . rpq;fsg; hhpfisf; ; ,y;yhj ;wJ.
j;Jtjpy; yhf Vw;W
kl;LNk e;jhh;fs;. hitapd; pidNah
❍ fzpg;gPl;Lf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l miuthrpf;Fk; Nkw;gl;Nlhh; jkJ Clf epWtdk; ,yq;ifj; njhopy;rhh; eilKiwf; Nfhitapidg; gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghLfs; Mizf;FOtplkpUe;J Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gijg; gw;wp mwpe;jpUe;jhh;fs;> 11% khNdhh; kl;LNk cz;ikapNy xU gpujpapid itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;> NkYk; mth;fspy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L Ngh; kl;LNk mJ njhlh;ghd gapw;rpapidg; ngw;wpUe;jdh;. ❍ NkYk;> Nfhitapid Vw;Wf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fspd; gj;jphpifahsh;fspy; (fzpg;gPl;bw;Fl;gl;lth;fspy; 56% khNdhh;) %d;wpy; xUth; kl;LNk ,d | rka Kuz;ghLfs; gw;wp mwpf;ifaplypy; topfhl;Ljy;fis xUq;fpizj;Js;sdh;. mth;fspy; 71% khNdhh; topfhl;Ljy;fSf;fhd Nfhitapy; gapw;rp ngw;Ws;sdh;. ❍ Kuz;ghl;bid gw;wp mwpf;ifaply; njhlh;ghf ,yq;if Clfj;jpw;F ,Uf;fpd;w Fwpg;gpl;l nghWg;Gf;fis ,dq;fhZfpd;w epWtdq;fs;> ,g; nghWg;Gf;fisg; gw;wp jkJ gj;jphpifahsh;fs; kj;jpapYk; tpopg;Gzh;tpid Cf;Ftpf;f mjpf rhj;jpaKz;L vd epidf;fyhk;.
gapw;rpgapw;rpgapw;rpgapw;rpgapw;rp
,d Kuz;ghl;bid mwpf;ifapLfpd;w gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F mjpfhpf;fg;gl;l gapw;rp> fy;tp kw;Wk; tsr; rhjdq;fSf;fhd nghJthd Njit Nghd;wd gw;wp fzpg;gPL Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sJ. gjpy; mspj;jth;fspy; Rkhh; %d;wpy; ,uz;L Ngh; jhk; Kuz;ghL mwpf;ifaplypy; vg; gapw;rpiaAk; xU NghJk; ngwtpy;iy vdj; njhptj;jdh;. NkYk; 69% khNdhh; rka kw;Wk; ,d Kuz;ghL gw;wp mwpf;ifaply; njhlh;ghff; fpilf;ff; $ba ve;jf; fy;tpr; rhjdk; gw;wpAk; jkf;Fj; njhpahJ vdf; $wpdh;.
vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW vt;thW Kd;NdWtJ Kd;NdWtJ Kd;NdWtJ
Kd;NdWtJ Kd;NdWtJ gjpy; mspj;jth;fspy; mjpfkhdth;fs; ,yq;ifapy; Clfj;jpd; ghj;jpuj;jpidg; Ghpe;J nfhs;fpd;w mNjNtis> rpyh; ,g;ghj;jpuk; epiwNtw;wg;gLfpd;wJ> my;yJ mth;fsplk; tsk; cs;sJ my;yJ vt;thW epGzj;JtkpF kw;Wk; newprhh; Kiwapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;tJ vd;gJ jkf;Fj; njhpAk; vd ek;Gfpd;whh;fs; vd;gjhf ,f; fzpg;gPl;bd; KbTfs; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
Kd;Ndw;wkpf;f Kd;Ndw;wkpf;f Kd;Ndw;wkpf;f Kd;Ndw;wkpf;f Kd;Ndw;wkpf;f mwpf;ifaplYf;F mwpf;ifaplYf;F mwpf;ifaplYf;F mwpf;ifaplYf;F mwpf;ifaplYf;F gpd;tUtd gpd;tUtd gpd;tUtd gpd;tUtd gpd;tUtd cjtp cjtp cjtp cjtp cjtp toq;fyhk toq;fyhk toq;fyhk; toq;fyhk toq;fyhk ❍ newpf;Nfhitapid midj;J Clf epWtdq;fSk;
mKy;gLj;JtJ ❍ Kuz;ghL mwpf;ifaply; njhlh;ghd topfhl;Ljy;fis tiutJ ❍ nra;jpaiwapy; mjpfkhd gy;tifikia cWjpg;gLj;JtJ ❍ kdf; fpsh;r;rpiaj; J}z;Lfpd;w> Mj;jpu%l;lf; $bajhd jiyg;Gr; nra;jpfisAk;> nkhopapidAk; gad;gLj;Jtijj; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.
9

Page 10
rk;gtf; fw;if rk;gtf; fw;if rk;gtf; fw;if rk;gtf; fw;if rk;gtf; fw;if
,dj;Jtj;jpid typAWj;jy; ,dj;Jtj;jpid typAWj;jy; ,dj;Jtj;jpid typAWj;jy; ,dj;Jtj;jpid typAWj;jy; ,dj;Jtj;jpid typAWj;jy;
xU gj;jphpifahsd; eilKiwf; Nfhit gw;wp mwpe;jpUf;fpwhNdh ,y;iyNah> ,d Kuz;ghl;bid mwpf;ifapLtjpy; gapw;rp ngw;wpUf;fpd;whNdh ,y;iyNah> mtd; cz;ikahd Kuz;ghl;Lr; #o;epiyf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f Nehpl;L> mijg; gw;wpj; JhpjkhfTk;> gf;fr;rhh;gpd;wpAk;> totpd;wpAk; mwpf;ifapl Ntz;b Vw;gLifapy; mJ mtDf;F cz;ikapy; rthy;fis thpirahf toq;fp tpLfpd;wJ. gpd;tUk; rk;gtf; fw;ifahdJ gy nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffSk; cs;slf;fpa Kuz;ghl;Lr; #o;epiyapd; xU cjhuzkhFk;. xt;nthU rk;gtj;jpYk;> cz;ikfis nka;g;gpg;gjw;Fk;> gj;jphpifj;Jiw eilKiwf; Nfhitf;F ,iae;J elg;gjw;Fk;> gf;fr;rhh;gw;w eLepiyahd Kiwapy; mwpf;ifapLtjw;Fk; chpa my;yJ NghJkhd %yq;fisg; gad;gLj;j rpW Kaw;rpNa Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. my;yJ vt;tpj Kaw;rpAk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. ,e;j mwpf;ifaplypd; Neub tpisthf> cz;ikfSk; #o;epiyAk; jtwhf tpghpf;fg;gl;ld. NkYk; Kuz;ghL jPHf;fg;gLtjw;F gjpyhf czh;Tfs; fpswg;gl;L epiyik Nkhrkhf;fg;gl;lJ. Kfhk; gLnfhiy - jpyf; [auj;d Kfhk; gLnfhiy - jpyf; [auj;d Kfhk; gLnfhiy - jpyf; [auj;d Kfhk; gLnfhiy - jpyf; [auj;d Kfhk; gLnfhiy - jpyf; [auj;d
re;Njfj;jpw;Fhpa gaq;futhjpfSf;Fg; Gzh;tho;T mspg;gjw;fhf gpe;JDNtttpy; mikf;fg;gl;l Kfhk; xd;wpNy 2000 xf;Nlhgh; 25y; ,g; gLnfhiyfs; ,lk; ngw;wd. mjpy; jq;fpapUe;j 24 Ngh; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;.
xf;Nlhgh; 24> khiyapy; toikahd $l;lk; eilngw;wJ. jkJ tpLjiy jhkjpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy; Mj;jpuk; nfhz;l rpy jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Nlhh; ,f; $l;lk; eilngWk; NghJ NfhghNtrj;Jld; ele;J nfhz;ldh;. khiy Neuk; fle;jJk; mth;fs; fsQ;rpa rhiyapDs;Sk;> gpwF nghyp]; Nrhjidr; rhtbapDs;Sk; gyte;jkhf Eioe;J fl;blj;ij ,Uk;Gf; fk;gpfshYk; Vida MAjq;fshYk; jhf;fp Nrjg;gLj;jpdh;.
kWehs; fhiyapy; Kfhkpw;F ntspNa fpuhkj;jth;fs; 700 Ngh; $bdhh;fs;. nghyprhh; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Jk; mf; FOtpdh;fs; ,Uk;Gf; fk;gpfs;> ths;fs;> Nfhlhhpfs; Nghd;w MAjq;fSld; Nfhgj;Jld; fhzg;gl;ldh;. nghyprhhpd; Ntz;LNfhs;fis myl;rpak; nra;j FO> Kfhkpw;Fs; Eioe;J jq;fpapUe;jth;fspy; 24 Ngiuf; nfhiy nra;J> nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l cly;fis J}q;Fk; kz;lgj;jpDs; tPrp mjw;Fj; jPitj;jJ.
xd;wiu khjq;fspd; gpd;G> mjhtJ brk;gh; 5k; jpfjp> cz;ikapNyNa vd;d ele;jJ vd;gJ gw;wpa kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FOtpd; kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;ifia yq;fhjPg gpuRhpj;jJ :
"vq;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j midj;Jj; jfty;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; njhpa tUtJ vd;dntdpy;> rk;gtk; ele;j NghJ mq;Nf ,Ue;j 60 nghyprhUk;> me;j td;Kiwr; nraw;ghl;bidj; jLf;f Kd;tuj; jtwpaik fhuzkhf mth;fs; flikapy; ,Ue;Jk; jtwpa Fw;wj;jpw;F MshFfpd;wdh;. mq;Nf $ba Fk;gyplk; ntb MAjq;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. g+uzkhf MAjk; jhpj;jpUe;j nghyprhh; mf;Fk;giyf; fl;Lg;gLj;jj; jtwpaNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ> mf; Fk;gYf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpath;fisf; ifJ nra;aTk; jtwpAs;sdh;."
vt;thwhapDk;> ,e;j ml;^opak; ele;j kWehs; gj;jphpiffspy; ntspte;j jiyg;Gr; nra;jpfSk;> nra;jpfSk;> Mrphpaj; jiyaq;fq;fSk; kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhd nra;jpiaNa jhq;fpapUe;jd. "fpuhkj;jth;fSf;Fk; GypfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; eilngw;w rz;ilapdhy; 25 Ngh; kuzk;" (nla;yp epa+];)
"25 Gypr; re;Njf egh;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;> 18 NgUf;Ff; fhak;" (Iyz;l;)
"gpe;JDntt Gzh;tho;T Kfhk; kPjhd jhf;Fjypy; 25 Ngh; kuzk;. Gypr; re;Njf egh;fs; KfhKf;Fg; nghWg;ghdtiu gzak; itj;Js;sdh;." (yq;fhjPg)
"fpuhkj;jth;fSldhd rz;ilapy; Gypr; re;Njf egh;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;" (yf;gpk)
Kd;dzp Mq;fpy kw;Wk; rpq;fs nra;jpg;gj;jphpiffspy; ntspe;j tplaq;fs; ghprPypf;fg;glhjitahFk;. rk;gtj;ij NehpNy mg;gbNaNa mwpf;ifapLtij tpl;L mJ cz;ikfspd; RahjPdj;ijAk;> capiuAk; vLj;J tpl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ClfkhdJ mjd; nrhe;j ehafh;fisAk;> tpy;yd;fisAk; cUthf;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. vy;hphp< vd;W jLj;J itf;fg;gl;lth;fs;> vy;hphp< gaq;futhjpfs;> jkpo; gaq;futhjpfisj; jkJ tpy;yd;fshfTk;> fpuhkj;jth;fis ehafh;fshfTk; mJ thpj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl;lJ.
rk;gtj;ijr; rdhjpgjp fz;bj;Jk; $l> jLj;J itf;fg;gl;lth;fs;
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
10
Kfhkpy; , NkYk; f te;jhh;fs jLj vd;gijf Mjuths fUj;ij m
gad tYg;gLj mjpfhhpf xOf;fk; k kw;Wk; eh jLj;J i td;Ki fpsh;r;rpk Nfhukhd tpy;yj;jd nla gj;jphpif toq;fpapU jpdrhpa Kuz;ghl gaq;futh nra;jpia ahiuAk;
rk;g nraw;gh gpe;JDnt vjph;g;Gk; ,r; rk;gt gLnfhiy fl;Lf;fl jiyaq itf;fg;g fUj;Nj K rk;gt 30,y; rfy "gpe;J "gpe;J gpe;J gy;NtW mf;FOk jPh;f;fg;gL tYg;gLj ,r; r nrhj;Jf;fs ngw;Ws;s

;fpwhNdh gapw;rp ;ghl;Lr; khfTk;> ifapy; fpd;wJ. ffSk; t;nthU fj;Jiw rhh;gw;w hJkhd my;yJ pd; Neub . NkYk; piyik
;gjw;fhf hgh; 25y; 24 Ngh;
J. jkJ nfhz;l ; NghJ th;fs; s;Sk; Vida
700 Ngh; ,Uk;Gf; gj;Jld; a;j FO> nra;J> mjw;Fj;
; jpfjp> pikfs;
: ; njhpa e;j 60 d;tuj; ;wj;jpw;F jq;fs; k;giyf; iyik
ffspy; rphpaj; pUe;jd. lngw;w
; fhak;"
; kuzk;. gzak;
egh;fs;
ntspe;j bNaNa apiuAk; isAk;> jLj;J jpfisj; thpj;Jf;
;lth;fs;
;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
10
Kfhkpy; ,Uf;ifapy; gaq;fukhd MAjq;fisj; jahhpj;J te;jhh;fs;> NkYk; fpuhk kf;fs; Gzh;tho;;T Kfhk; mjpfhhpfisg; ghJfhf;fNt te;jhh;fs; Nghd;w fw;gidfisf; $WtJ njhlh;e;Jk; mjpfhpj;Nj te;jJ. jLj;J itf;fg;gl;lth;fisf; fpuhkj;jth;fs; nfhd;W tpl;ldh; vd;gijf; $Wtjw;F Clfq;fs; jtwp tpl;ld. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf vy;hphp< Mjuthsh;fs; jkf;Fs;Ns rz;ilapl;L ,we;J tpl;ldh; vd;fpd;w fUj;ij mit gba itj;Js;sd.
gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s nkhop ,dhPjpapy; khwh epiyf; fUj;Jf;fis tYg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. fpuhkj;jth;fs;> ,uhZtk;> nghyp];> kw;Wk; Kfhk; mjpfhhpfs; Nghd;Nwhh; vy;hphp< rhuhj> mikjpahd> epuhAj ghzpahd xOf;fk; kpf;f> tpRthrkpf;f> fPo;g;gbTkpf;f> ey;y> cWjpahd> ehfhpfkhd kw;Wk; ehafg; gz;Gkpf;f kdpjh;fshfr; rpj;jhpf;fg; gl;Ls;sdh;. NkYk; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jth;fNsh vy;hphp gq;futhjpfs;> td;Kiwkpf;fth;fs;> MAj ghzpfs;> xOf;fkw;wth;fs;> fpsh;r;rpkpf;fth;fs;> rjpj;jpl;lk; jPl;Lgth;fs;> fPo;g;gbtw;wth;fs;> Nfhukhdth;fs;> Nkhrkhdth;fs;> kypdkhdth;fs; kw;Wk; tpy;yj;jdkhdth;fs; vd;gjhff; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nla;yp epa+]; gj;jphpifiaj; jtpu> Vida midj;Jg; gj;jphpiffSk; Gidag;gl;l ngha;fisf; $l;bAk;> Fiwj;Jk; toq;fpapUe;jd. kpfTk; Nkhrkhfj; jphpGgLj;jg;gl;l jfty; Mq;fpyj; jpdrhpahd 'j Iyz;bdhy;' ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. mk; Kuz;ghl;bw;fhd fhuzk; Kfhkpy; ,Ue;j giltPuh; xUtiug; Gypg; gaq;futhjpfs; jhf;fpf; nfhd;wikNa vd;W mJ mjd; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpia ntspapl;bUe;jJ. Kfhkpy; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jth;fNsh ahiuAk; nfhy;ytpy;iy.
rk;gtj;ijg; gw;wpa Mrphpaj; jiyaq;fq;fSk; gjpw; nraw;ghLfspd;nghJthd jd;ikapNyNa mike;jpUe;jd. gpe;JDntt rk;gtj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jth;fspd; vjph;g;Gk; mth;fspd; jtwhd topfhl;Ljiyf; nfhz;l elj;ijANk> ,r; rk;gtj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dzpapy; vy;hphp< mikg;G ,Uf;fpd;wJ> mth;fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzk; mth;fspd; Njitaw;wJk; fl;Lf;flq;fhj elj;ijANk vd;fpd;w fUj;jpid Mrphpaj; jiyaq;fq;fs; tYg;gLj;jpapUe;jd. mjhtJ jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jth;fSf;F ,J elf;f Ntz;baJ jhd; vd;gJ Nghd;w fUj;Nj Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
rk;gtk; ele;J Ie;J ehl;fspd; gpd;> mjhtJ 2000 xf;Nlhgh; 30,y; rfy nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffSk; vy;hphpiaf; Fw;wk; Rkj;jpapUe;jd. "gpe;JDntt fpsh;r;rp Gypfspd; jpl;lk;" (jptapd 30.10.2000) "gpe;JDntt gLnfhiy gw;wp vy;hphp< ngUkpjk;" (yf;gpk 30;.10.2000) gpe;JDntt rk;gtj;jpd; Clf cs;slf;fkhdJ> gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s gy;NtW r%fq;fs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W gifik nfhz;Ls;sd. NkYk; mf;FOkq;fspd; rhjhuz cWg;gpdh;fs; jkf;fpilapy; thf;Fthjk; jPh;f;fg;gLk; tiu rz;ilapl;Nl Mf Ntz;Lk; Nghd;w vz;zq;fis tYg;gLj;jpAs;sd.
,r; rk;gtj;ij mwpf;ifapl;ljd; Neub tpisthf> gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; nrhj;Jf;fs; mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;> vhpa+l;lYk;> Ml;nfhiyfSk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

Page 11
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
,yq;ifapy; ];jpukpd;ik - Kuz;ghl;bd; gpd;Gyk;
gp. rutzKj;J - epiwNtw;Wg; gzpg;ghsh;> khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak;
ntspg;gL fhzg;gL
mur ghJfhg;Gg; gilfSf;Fk;> Kjd;ikj; jkpo; nfhpy;yhf; FOthd jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,yq;ifapd; tl- fpof;fpy; 1990 [{d; 11 ,y; rz;il cUthfpaikahdJ kd mjph;r;rp tL cUthFtij fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahj ehl;L kf;fspdJk;> murpdJk; epiyiaNa Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. gphpe;J nry;YjYf;Fk;> Gul;rpf;Fkhd mr;RWj;jy;fSk; mNj NghyNt typik kpf;f gpuhe;jpa rf;jpahd ,e;jpahtpd; Gwepiyj; jiyaPLfSk; ,jpNy ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpd;wd. rpWghd;ikj; jkpoh;fshy;> ngUk;ghd;ikr; rpq;fsthpd; Mjpf;fk; nfhz;l murpw;F vjpuhf 1983,y; gphptpid thj Aj;jk; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;Gk;> Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l gpd;Gk; ,U r%fq;fSf;Fk; cs;Ns cs;epiyf; fpsh;r;rpfs; Vw;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mj;Jld; Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf ,uz;L MAjf; fpsh;r;rpfs; rpq;fsj; Njrpathj kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpapdhy; (N[tpgp) Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. (1971> 1987 -9) ,jw;F Nkyhf> jPtputhjj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> NkYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Kbahjjw;Fk;> vl;lg;gl Kbahjjw;Fk; ,ilapy; kj;jpa fsj;jpid tiuaiw nra;tjw;F ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jKk;> ,yq;if mikjpfhf;Fk; gilapd; mkh;j;JifAk; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk;> ,yq;ifapDs;Ns Njrpa fUj;njhUikg;ghL vl;lg;gltpy;iy.
];jhgfuh rpq;fsf; F ntw;wp n fl;rp ntw hPjpapyhd cs;slq;f rpq;fs nk epiwNtw kf;fSf gz;lhueh ,d nrs vLf;FkhW Mw;wy; m ,e;j nk rPuhf;Ftj Vw;ghLfi nry;teha mjpfhuj;i MjuTf; re;jh;g;gt Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapNy rpq;fsth;fSf;Fk;> jkpoh;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
Rje;jpu , gjw;wkhdJ> 1931k; Mz;L ,yq;iff;F rh;tNjr tsh;e;Njhh; thf;Fhpik
fytuq;f toq;fg;gl;l NghJ Vw;gl;lij ehk; tuyhw;wpy; ghh;f;ff; $bajhf cs;sJ.
khj;jpuNk gzpj;Jiwapy; jkpoh;fSf;F ,Uf;fpd;w xg;gPl;lstpyhd ed;ikfisf; nfhz;l gjtpfs; (fy;tpapd; Njh;r;rpg; NgWfs; kw;Wk; fhydpj;Jt nfhs;iffs; vd;gtw;wpD}lhf mile;jit) ngUk;ghd;ikr; rpq;fs Ml;rpapdhy;  njd; ,e;jpahTld; jkpoh;fSf;F cs;s njhlh;Gf;F khw;wkhf ,yq;ifapd; fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; rkaj; jdpj;Jtq;fSf;F chpik NfhUgth;fshfTk; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wdh;.
mLj ,d cwT cs;Suk kidtpa (1960-64) gz;lhueh gutyhf;f thf;FWjp ghuhSkd ,tw;wpi 1948y; ,yq;if Rje;jpuk; miltjw;F Kd;ghf> ,d mbg;gilapy;
thf;FWj njhpT nra;ag;gLk; ghuhSkd;wj; Njh;jy; njhFjpfSf;fhd jkpoh;fspd;
ngUk;ghd Ntz;LNfhs; %ykhf mth;fspd; mthf;fs; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,J
nfhz;lJ toq;fg;glhtpl;lhYk; $l> Njh;jypy; mjpfkhd thf;Ffisg; ngWNthh;
epiwNtw njhpT nra;ag;gLfpd;w nt];w; kpdp];uh; ghzpapyhd Njh;jy; KiwahdJ
epiwNtw ,d mbg;gilapy; JUtkakhjYf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; vd;gijr;
murhq;fj rdj;njhifg; guk;gy; cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ. mjhtJ> ngUk;ghd;ikr; rpq;fsf; fl;rpfs; njw;fpNy Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jTk; mth;fspd; rpWghd;ikj; jkpo; vjphpizahdJ tlf;fpNy Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jTk; epiyik Vw;gLk;. kj;jpapNy jhk; xuq;fl;lg;gl;L tpLNthk; vd;fpd;w jkpoh;fspd; mr;rkhdJ murhq;fj;jpNy rpq;fsth;fNs ngUk;ghd;ik vDk; fl;lha epiy %yk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
1970 f SLFPAk;> ngw;wd. topNfhy njhlh;ghd fUk nkh vt;thwhapDk;> Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G jkpo; jiyth;fs; jhNk
Kjd;ik ghuhSkd;wr; nrad;Kiwf;Fj; jk;ik cl;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. ,e;j cghakhdJ rpWghd;ikapdhpd; eyd;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; eltbf;iffSf;fhf murhq;fj;jpw;F MjuT toq;FtijAk; gq;fspg;G ey;FtijAk; ghpkhwpf; nfhz;lJ. NkYk; mJ ghuhSkd;w rdehafk; gw;wpa r%fq;fSf;fpilapyhd Nkl;Lf; Fbapdhpd; fUj;njhUkpg;gpd; typikiaAk;> ehl;bd; Rje;jpu ,af;fq;fspd; murpayikg;Gthj gz;ghz;ikapd; typikAk; cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ. Mdhy; murpay; ,lkspg;Gfs; Nfhl;ghLfspNy vOjg;gl;bUe;jhYk;> eilKiwapNy mit murhq;ff; nfhs;iffshy; vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gltpy;iy. gpd;dilTfs; Vw;gl;l NghjpYk;> ,f; fUj;njhUkpg;Gf;fs; mit ,Wjpapy; 1970fspy; rPh;Fiye;J NghFk; tiuapYk; epd;W epiyj;jd vd;W jhd; $w Ntz;Lk;.
murpay; ,lkspg;Gf;fisAk; ghuhSkd;wr; rdehafj;ijAk; r%fg; gjw;wq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xU rl;lfkhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lij Nkl;bikfl;fpilapyhd Nghl;bfs; fPoWj;jd. mit ,df; FOkq;fspd; mgpyhi\fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; murpaiyf; fl;rp eyd;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ld. ,df;FOkq;fspd; eyd; NgZk; murpaw; nfhs;ifAld; njspthf milahsk; fhzg;gly; Njh;jy; ntw;wpf;F ,d;wpaikahjJ vd Nehf;fg;gl Muk;gpj;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf milahsj;jpd; goikahdJk;> gphpf;fpd;wJkhd mbg;gilia murpay; mjpfhuj;jpd; ,Wjpahd %ykhf mq;fPfhpf;fpd;w epiyik cUthdJ. mj;Jld; mtw;wpid xU epiyahd Njrpa milahsj;jpw;Fs; xd;whf;f
1978y mjpfhuk mjpfhuj;i
UNP tsh;j;j , Vkhw;wkpF fhuzj;jpd eilngw mNjNghy cUthfpa epiyngw fhl;Lfpd ghuhgl;rk UNP apd tlf;Ff; mstpyh cWjpg;gL
mur murpay; g tl;Lf; N jPh;khdj;j
Kbahj Nkl;Lf; Fbapdhpd; ,irtpd; ,ayhikAk; mjd; %yk;
11

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
- Kuz;ghl;bd; gpd;Gyk;
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 1956k; Mz;bd; Njh;jypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,q;Nf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j; Njh;jypNy ,yq;if Rje;jpuf; fl;rpapd; (v];.vy;.vg;.gp)
FOthd fpof;fpy; ;r;rp tL urpdJk; ;rpf;Fkhd rf;jpahd f;fpd;wd.
];jhgfuhd v];.lgps;a+.Mh;.b. gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; jiyikapyhd rpq;fsf; Fbg; nghJikf; fl;rpapd; kj;jpa - ,lJrhhp Kd;dzp njw;fpNy ntw;wp ngw;wJ. jkpo; kf;fs; thOk; tlf;fpy; ,j; Njh;jypy; rk\;bf; fl;rp ntw;wp ngw;wJ. ,U r%fq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd murpayikg;G hPjpapyhd Vw;ghLfis Mjhpg;gJ mjd; jiyg;Gg; ngahpNy cs;slq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. Ml;rpapNy ,Uf;ifapNy> 1956y;> gz;lhuehaf;f rpq;fs nkhopia mur fUk nkhopahf;fpj; jdJ Njh;jy; thf;FWjpia epiwNtw;wpajd; %yk; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; tha;g;Gj; njhlh;ghfj; jkpo; ; nfhz;l Ltjw;F s;epiyf; tjw;fhf pLjiy 9) ,jw;F hs;sg;gl sj;jpid yq;if ;fpd;wd. kg;ghL
kf;fSf;F ,Ue;j mr;r neUg;Gf;F vz;nza; thh;j;jhh;. gz;lhuehaf;fhit Ml;rpapy; Vw;wp itj;j rpq;fs ngsj;j $l;likg;G ,d nrs[d;aj;jpw;Fj; jPq;F tpistpf;fpd;w Nkyjpf epiyg;ghLfis vLf;FkhW mtiug; gyte;jg;gLj;jpa NghJ> mth;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy; mthplk; ,y;yhkw; Nghdik mjpf ghjpg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;j nkhopf; nfhs;if jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;jpid rPuhf;Ftjw;fhf mth;fspd; nkhopapidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F tpNrl Vw;ghLfis toq;f mth; vLj;j Kaw;rpfs;> kw;Wk; rk\;bf; fl;rpj; jiyth; nry;tehafj;Jldhd xg;ge;jj;jpd; Nghpy; gpuhe;jpa rigfSf;F mjpfhuj;ijg; gutyhf;f mth; vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; ahTNk rpq;fs murpay; MjuTf; FOkq;fspd; Nghpd thjj;jhYk; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd; re;jh;g;gthj murpay; vjph;g;gpdhYk; jLf;fg;gl;ld. ,jd; gpd;tpisthf> lapyhd
Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapNy Kjw; jlitahf td;Kiw kpF rpq;fsj; - jkpo; hf;Fhpik
fytuq;fs; 1956Yk;> 1958Yk; ntbj;jd. 1983d; gLnfhiyfspdhy; cs;sJ.
khj;jpuNk mtw;wpd; jPtpuq;fs; mjpfhpj;jd. kfisf; dpj;Jt
mLj;J te;j jrhg;jk; KOtJNk ,jd; gpd; tpisthf Vw;gl;l ,d cwTfspd; tphpry;fs; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ePbj;j fUj;njhUkpg;Gf;fspd; ; rpq;fs
cs;Suk; fhuzkhff; Fiwf;fg;gl;ld. gz;lhuehaf;ftpd; tpjit ; vd;gNj ;fs; jkJ ;b ,r; ,Ue;J khw;wkhf chpik
kidtpahd> jpUkjp> rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;ftpd; KjyhtJ murhq;fk; (1960-64) mur fUk> nkhopf; nfhs;ifiaj; jPtpukhf mKy;gLj;jp> gz;lhuehaf;f - nry;tehafk; xg;ge;jj;jpNy $wg;gl;bUe;j mjpfhug; gutyhf;fy; Kd;nkhopTfis kPs; mwpKfg;gLj;JNthk; vd;fpd;w jkJ thf;FWjpia kPwpa NghjpYk;> jkpo;j; jiyikj;JtkhdJ njhlh;e;Jk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mq;fk; tfpf;Fk; eilKiwiaf; iff; nfhz;L te;jJ. ,tw;wpidg; nghWj;j mstpNy Avd;gp mspj;j xg;ge;jj;jpyhd ;gilapy;
thf;FWjpfspd; mbg;gilapNy> rk\;bf; fl;rpahdJ Avd;gp poh;fspd;
ngUk;ghd;ikahf ,Ue;j 1956k; Mz;bd; Njrpa murhq;fj;jpy; ,ize;J ;ld. ,J
nfhz;lJ. jkpo; nkhopiag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd rl;lthf;fk; gWNthh;
epiwNtw;wg;gl;l mNjNtis> mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj;jpw;fhd rl;lthf;fk; wahdJ
epiwNtw;wg;glhikapdhy; 1969d; eLg;gFjpapy; rk\;bf; fl;rpahdJ d;gijr;
murhq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpaJ. ; rpq;fsf; kj; jkpo; Vw;gLk;. oh;fspd;
1970 fs; xU Kf;fpakhd fhy fl;lkhFk;. mf; fhyfl;lj;jpNy jhd; SLFPAk;> UNPAk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpNy mWjpg; ngUk;ghd;ikiag; ngw;wd. mth;fspd; nrhe;j murpayikg;Gf;fisj; jahhpg;gjw;F ,J topNfhypaJ. ,e;j ,uz;L murpayikg;Gf;fSNk xw;iwahl;rp ; fl;lha
njhlh;ghd Vw;ghLfisj; jk;kfj;Nj nfhz;bUe;jd. rpq;fsj;ij mur fUk nkhop vd;Wk; ngsj;jj;ij ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhhpd; kjk; vd;Wk;> s; jhNk
Kjd;ik ];jhdj;ij mk;kjNk ngWfpd;wJ vd;Wk; $wp epd;wd. s;. ,e;j fhf;Fk; q;fspg;G dehafk; kpg;gpd; kg;Gthj murpay; iwapNy tpy;iy.
1978y; cUthf;fg;gl;l UNPapd; murpayikg;G epiwNtw;W mjpfhukpf;f [dhjpgjp Kiwia cUthf;fpajd; %yk; ikaj;jpNy mjpfhuj;ij ,d;Wk; cWjpahf;fpf; nfhz;lJ.
UNP/ SLFP apd; g+r;rpaf; $l;Lj; njhif mjpfhuj; njhlh;ig Cl;b tsh;j;j ,dg; gjw;wj;jpd; ghpkhzq;fs; kw;Wk; murpay; cld;ghLfspd; Vkhw;wkpF Kaw;rpfs; vd;gtw;wpdhy; murpay; re;jh;g;gthjk; vOfpd;w fhuzj;jpdhNy MAjk; Ve;jpa ,isQh; Nghuhl;lk; ,lk; ngw;wJ. 1971,y; eilngw;w KjyhtJ N[tpgp fpsh;r;rp xU Kf;fpakhd epfo;thFk;. mNjNghyNt jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapypUe;J MAjg; Nghuhl;lf; FOf;fs; ; mit d vd;W
cUthfpaik> murpay; Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gd epiyngw;w murpay; fl;rpfsplkpUe;J efh;e;J Nghdij ekf;Ff;
k; r%fg; hz;lij kq;fspd; f; fl;rp
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. SLFP murhq;fj;jpdhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l (1070-77) ghuhgl;rkpf;f murpaw; nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; mth;fisj; njhlh;e;J te;j UNP apd; (1977-88) gaq;futhj vjph;g;G gpur;rhuq;fs; Nghd;wd Fwpg;ghf tlf;Ff; fpof;fpy; ,isQh; Nghuhl;lk; ,yq;if muRldhd KO mstpyhd MAj Nkhjyhf 1980fspy; cUkhw;wk; ngw;wij ; NgZk;
cWjpg;gLj;jpd. ; Njh;jy; pisthf murpay; UthdJ. xd;whf;f
murpay; ,lkspg;Gfs; Njhy;tpaile;jikiaj; njhlh;e;J> jkpo; murpay; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; 1976y; ,lk;ngw;w jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; tl;Lf; Nfhl;ilj; jPh;khdj;jpy; gphpe;J NghtNj ,Wjpahd top vd;w jPh;khdj;jpw;F te;jJ.
; %yk;
11

Page 12
,izf;Fk; fl;Lf;fs; - vkJ ,dj;Jtr; rl;lfk;
gj;jphpifahsh;fs; vd;fpd;w hPjpapy; ehk; xt;nthU ehSk; newprhh; jPh;khdq;fis vLf;fpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; Kuz;ghl;L Neuq;fspNy vkJ xOf;ff; Nfhit toq;Ffpd;w ghJfhg;ghdJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. Vnddpy; #o;epiyahdJ mt;thwhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; njspthf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. NkYk; gy;NtW gf;fq;fSk; toikahfj; jkJ nrhe;jj; jpl;lq;fis Kd;Nd efh;j;JtjpNyNa fbd Mh;tk; nfhz;Ls;sd.
gj;jphpifahsh;fs; RahjPdkhfg; gzpahw;w Ntz;b ,Ug;gJld;> jiyg;Gr; nra;jp> Neh;fhZfpd;w kf;fs;> gbkq;fisj; njhpT nra;jy;> Nkw;Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; gad;gLj;Jk; nkhop Kjw; nfhz;L ehk; ve;jr; nra;jpia cs;slf;Ffpd;Nwhk;> Vd; cs;slf;Ffpd;Nwhk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilj; jPh;khdq;fs; tiu jPh;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. ahhpd; eilKiwAk;> ,yf;FfSk; njhopYf;Fk;> r%fj;jpw;Fk; ghjpg;G Vw;gLj;Jgitahf ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mtw;wpid xOf;ff; Nfhit> rpwe;j eilKiw kw;Wk; Ra xOq;Ffspd; Vida topfs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;JtJ vkJ gj;jphpifj; Jiwr; rfghbfspd; gzpahFk;.
khw;wkhf
Kuz;ghl;L Kuz;ghl;L Kuz;ghl;L Kuz;ghl;L Kuz;ghl;L Neuj;jpNy Neuj;jpNy Neuj;jpNy Neuj;jpNy Neuj;jpNy mwpf;ifapLtjw;F mwpf;ifapLtjw;F mwpf;ifapLtjw;F mwpf;ifapLtjw;F mwpf;ifapLtjw;F gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F Vd; Vd; Vd; Vd; Vd; topfhl;Ljy;fs; topfhl;Ljy;fs; topfhl;Ljy;fs; topfhl;Ljy;fs; topfhl;Ljy;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. Njitg;gLfpd;wd. Njitg;gLfpd;wd.
Njitg;gLfpd;wd. Njitg;gLfpd;wd. mth;fs
jpUj;jpai
rpwe;j ❍ Vnddpy; ehk; jd;dhjpf;fj;Jld; gzpahw;Wfpd;Nwhk;
$lhJ v ❍ nra;jp epWtdj;jpw;F cs;NsAk;> ntspNaAk; mOj;jj;ij
tplaq;fS my;yJ nry;thf;ifj; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;s
gj;jphpif
❍ vdNt ehk; vkJ gzpia nra;jpaiwapd; cs;NsAk;>
ek;gpf;if
r%fj;jpDs;Sk; ghJfhf;f KbAk;.
nra;j
❍ newprhh; gpur;rpidfisAk; ,f;fl;LfisAk; jPh;f;f cjTtjw;F
jpUj;jpa Nghd;wt gj;jphpifa ntspapy; cs;s rf;jpfs; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; vt;thW mth;fspd;
Vida gj gzpapidr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tijg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs;
cjTfpd;w nghJthf vjph;g;ghh;fs;. ,J vg;nghOJk; ,yFthd xU gzpay;y.
,Wj nghJthfNt ghhpa mOj;jkhdJ vkJ nrhe;j Clf
gj;jphpifa epWtdj;jpd; cs;NsapUe;J jhd; tUfpd;wJ. mjhtJ
gw;wpa mw gj;jphpifahsh;fs; mth;fspd; njhopy; rhh; elj;ijf; Nfhitf;F
kj;jpapy; j
gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; elj;ij elj;ij elj;ij elj;ij elj;ij gw;wpa gw;wpa gw;wpa gw;wpa gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLf Nfhl;ghLf Nfhl;ghLf Nfhl;ghLf Nfhl;ghLf ,r; rh;tNjr gpufldkhdJ rk;gtq;fis tpghpg;gjw;fhf nra;jp kw;Wk; jftiyr; Nrfhpg;gjpYk;> xypgug;GtjpYk;> gug;GtjpYk;> fUj;Jf; $WtjpYk;  cz;ikf;fhd nghJ kf;fspd; chpikf;F kjpg;gspj;jYk; MFk;. 2. ,f; flikia Nkw; nfhs;Sk;> midj;Jr; re;jh;g;gq;fspYk; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; nra;jpfis Neh;ikahfr; Nrfhpg;gJ kw;Wk; gpuRhpg;gJ kw;Wk; epahakhd fUj;J kw;Wk; tpkh;rdj;jpw;fhd chpik vd;gtw;wpy; Rje;jpuj;jpd; Nfhl;ghLfisg; ghJfhg;gh;. 3. gj;jphpifahsh; jdf;F %yk; njhpe;j cz;ikfspd; mbg;gilapNy mwpf;ifapLthh;. gj;jphpifahsh; Njitahd jftiy kiwf;f khl;lhh; my;yJ Mtzq;fis khw;wp Nkhrb nra;a khl;lhh;. 4. gj;jphpifahsh; nra;jp> Gifg;glq;fs; kw;Wk; Mtzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s epahakhd Kiwfis kl;LNk gad;gLj;Jthh;. 5. VjhtJ gpuRhpf;fg;gl;l jfty; ghjpg;G Vw;gLj;Jk; mstpw;F tOthdJ vdf; fz;lwpag;gLkplj;J gj;jphpifahsh; mijj; jpUj;Jtjw;Fj; jd;dhy; ,ad;wijr; nra;thh;.
6. ,ufr gj;jph 7. Clf
mgha ghy;> kw;Wk %yq ghFg jtph;g 8. gpd;t Fw;wq jphpGg jhf;F my;y ngwg 9. gj;jph Fwpg elg;g nghJ rf gh murh ,il
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
12

,dj;Jtr; rl;lfk;
ehSk; z;ghl;L hg;ghdJ ;thwhd ;fq;fSk; jpNyNa
g;gJld;> nra;jy;> hk; ve;jr; ;gtw;wpd; ;bAs;sJ. fj;jpw;Fk; xOf;ff; topfs; hbfspd;
khw;wkhf mwpTWj;jg;glyhk;. my;yJ mth;fspd; gzpahdJ
;F ;F ;F ;F ;F Vd; Vd; Vd; Vd; Vd;
mth;fspd; ,iwikiag; ghjpf;Fk; tifapy; Nkhrkhd jpUj;jpaikj;jYf;F cl;glyhk; vd;gNj ,jd; mh;j;jkhFk;.
rpwe;j topfhl;Ljy;fs; vijr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vijr; nra;af; $lhJ vd;gitfslq;fpa gl;bay; my;y. mit newprhh; j;ij
tplaq;fSf;F CNl rpe;jpg;gjw;fhd xU rl;lfkhFk;. ,jdhy; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; mth;fs; vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;w Kuz;ghLfis
;>
ek;gpf;ifAld; mZf KbAk;.
nra;jp tplaj;jpidj; jtwhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy; my;yJ
Ttjw;F
jpUj;jpaikj;jypd; NghJ Nrh;f;fg;gLk; jphpGgLj;jy;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F rthy; tpLg;gjw;fhd xU mbg;giliag; gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F top fhl;Ljy;fs; toq;Ffpd;wd. mj;Jld; th;fspd;
Vida gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; gzpapid topfhl;Lgth;fSf;Fk; ,J ahsh;fs;
cjTfpd;wJ. zpay;y.
,Wjpahf> topfhl;Ljy;fs; nghJkf;fSf;F vt;thW ;j Clf
gj;jphpifahsh;fs; mth;fsJ gzpapid mZf Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mjhtJ
gw;wpa mwptpid toq;FfpwJ. NkYk; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; nghJkf;fs; fhitf;F
kj;jpapy; jkJ jPh;khdq;fisg; ghJfhf;fTk; cjTfpd;wJ.
; elj;ij gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfspd; ; elj;ij gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfspd; gpufldk; gpufldk; ; elj;ij gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfspd; IFJ gpufldk; ; elj;ij gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfspd; ; elj;ij gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfspd; gpufldk; gpufldk; g;gjw;fhf
tjpYk;> l;Ls;s kk; vd
;ikf;F hpikf;F
q;fspYk; J kw;Wk; j;jpw;fhd hJfhg;gh;. kfspd; itahd s khw;wp
zq;fs; iwfis
stpw;F h; mijj;
6. ,ufrpakhfg; ngwg;gl;l jfty; %yk; njhlh;ghfg;
gj;jphpifahsh; njhopy; rhh; ,ufrpaj;ijg; NgZthh;. 7. Clfj;jpdhy; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w ghFghl;bd; mghaj;jpidg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; njhpe;J nfhz;L> ,dk;> ghy;> ghy;epiy rhh;e;j epiyg;ghL> nkhop> rkak;> murpay; kw;Wk; Vida fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; Njrpa my;yJ r%f %yq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; mt;thwhd ghFghl;bid Nkw;nfhs;tij trjpg;gLj;Jtjidj; jtph;g;gjw;Fj; jd;dhypad;wijr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. 8. gpd;tUtdtw;iwg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; ghhpa njhopy; rhh; Fw;wq;fshff; fUJthh;fs; : vOj;Jj; jpUl;L> nfLNehf;fhd jphpGgLj;jy;fs;> mtJ}W> gopJ}w;Wiu> vOj;J %ykhd Fw;wj; jhf;Fjy;> fz;L gpbf;fg;glhj Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;> gpuRhpg;gjw;fhf my;yJ gpuRhpf;fhky; kiwg;gjw;fhf vt; tbtj;jpYk; ngwg;gLk; ,yQ;rk;. 9. gj;jphpifahsh; vDk; ngaUf;Fj; jFjpahdth;fs; NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Nfhl;ghLfis tpRthrkhf mDrhpj;J elg;gJ jkJ flik vdf; fUJth;. xt;nthU ehl;bdJk; nghJthd ePjpapDs; gj;jphpifahsh; njhopy; rhh; tplaq;fspy; rf ghbfspd; epahahjpf;fj;ij kl;LNk mq;fPfhpg;gh;. ,jpNy murhq;fq;fspdJ> my;yJ Vidath;fsJ rfy tpjkhd ,ilaPLfSk; jtph;f;fg;gLk;.
;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
12

Page 13
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
tOtpd;ik> tje;jpfs; kw;Wk; cz;ik nrhy;ypfs;
ClfkhdJ nghJ kf;fSf;F Neh;ikahd> tOtw;w kw;Wk; ek;gf; $ba mwpf;ifapliy> Ntz;Lnkd;Nw jfty;fisj; jphpGgLj;jhj> %b kiwf;fhj mwpf;ifapliy toq;Ftjw;fhd newp rhh;e;j> mwk; rhh;e;j>
tOtpd;itOtpd;itOtpd;itOtpd;itOtpd;i
njhopy; rhh;e;j flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. kf;fs; nra;jp Clfj;ij
❍ Ne ek;gf; $bajhf ,Ug;gJk;> mth;fs; thrpg;gJk; ghh;g;gJk;
ng cz;ikahdit> epahakhdit> rkdpiyahdit vd czh;tJk;
t gj;jphpifj; Jiwf;Fk;> rdehafj;jpd; chpa nraw;ghl;bw;Fk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
Kuz;ghLfs; gw;wp mwpf;ifapLfpd;w gj;jphpifahsh;fs; njspthfNt vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;w gpujhd gpur;rpid jhd;> cz;ikfs; mbf;fb #o;r;rpj; jpwj;Jld; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Ntisapy; my;yJ jzpf;if nra;ag;gLk; Ntisapy;> NkYk; gy;NtW cz;ikfs; gzj;Jf;fhfg; Nghl;b NghLk; Ntisapy; vt;thW tOtpd;ikia epr;rag;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ. tOthd nra;jpfSf;F kpfTk; gpujhd fhuzkha; ,Ug;gJ ek;gpf;ifaw;w %yq;fs;
❍ vg
rh ga ❍ xU
t t Ne vd;gij Ma;T fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jpNy kpf Nkhrkhd Fw;wkpiog;gitfshf mur epWtdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
❍ F
eg nkhopj;jil> kw;Wk; Vida nkhopf; FOf;fsplkpUe;J tOtw;w jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; cs;s rpukk; Nghd;wd tOtpd;wp mwpf;ifapLtjw;F cs;s kw;nwhU jil vdr; Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghLfs; Mizf; FOtpd; mwpf;ifapd; gb> mth;fSf;Ff; fpilj;Js;s Kiwg;ghLfspy;
❍ kf vL ❍ Vj el
mjpfkhdit nka; epfo;r;rp rhh;e;j tOf;fs; njhlh;ghditahFk;.
❍ rh
gpd;tUk; rk;gtf; fw;ifahdJ g+uzkw;w mwpf;ifaplYf;fhd
vz cjhuzkhFk;> ,jpNy nka; epfo;r;rp rhh;e;j tOf;fs; ,Ug;gjdhy; ,J cz;ikahd rk;gtk; gw;wpa gpioahd xU mgpg;gpuhaj;ij
mDkjpf Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
mur gpd;Gykhd nra;jp mwpf;iffs; Kf;fpakhditahf ,Uf;Fk;
FOf;fis mNjNtis> nra;jp mwpf;if vd;gJ xU fUj;jpid Nkk;gLj;j ehLfpd;w
jhf;Fk; N Mrphpah; jiyaq;fNkh> fUj;Njh> my;yJ Ma;Tf; fl;LiuNah my;y vd;gijapl;Lg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; njspthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gj;jph cilath nra;jp mwpf;iffs; midj;Jg; gf;fq;fisAk; gw;wp mwpf;ifapl
mwpf;ifa Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU rk;gtj;jpy; rpyij tpl;L tpLtNjh my;yJ
,Ug;gNj mjw;Fr; rpyijr; Nrh;g;gNjh jtwhd jphpG gLj;jyhFk;. xU
filg;gpb gj;jphpifahsh; nra;jpapidj; jphpG gLj;Jk; NghJ> tpNrlkhf Kuz;ghL
ngUf m njhlh;ghf> ek;gpf;if fPoWf;fg;gLtJld; caph;fSf;Fk; Mgj;J
gpd;Gyj;J Vw;glyhk;.
Mgj;jhd xU mwpf;ifapidj; jtW vdf; fhZk; NghJ> nghJ kf;fSldhd
njho ek;gpf;ifiag; NgZtjw;fhf jtwpidAk;> #o;epiyiaAk; tpsf;Ffpd;w
,yq;ifg xU jpUj;jk; ntspaplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. If;fpa ehLfs; mjd; 1976k;
fye;Jiua Mz;bd; nghJr; rigj; jPh;khdkhd> rptpy; kw;Wk; murpay;
$ba tp chpikfSf;fhd rh;tNjr xg;ge;jj;jpd; 20k; cWg;Giuapd; fPNo
mwpf;ifa 'ntWg;ghd ciu' vd;gjidg; gpd;tUkhW tiuaiw nra;fpd;wJ.
fhzg;gl "1' Aj;jj;jpw;fhd ve;jg; gpur;rhuKk; rl;lj;jpdhy; jil nra;ag;glyhk;. 2. ghFghl;bidAk;> gifikiaAk; my;yJ td;KiwapidAk; J}z;Lfpd;w Njrpa> ,d my;yJ rka ntWg;gpd; ve;jg; ghpe;J NgRjYk;
Ntz;Lk mwpf;if Vidath rl;lj;jpdhy; jil nra;ag;glyhk;."
jPh;k gj;jphpifahsh;fs; ftdaPdkhd my;yJ kypdkhd mwpf;ifaply; %yk; ,d td;Kiwapidj; J}z;Ltjw;fhfj; jhk; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F
,Uf;ftpy gyh; thj
tplaq;fisj; tplaq;fisj; tplaq;fisj; tplaq;fisj; tplaq;fisj; jtwtply; jtwtply; jtwtply; jtwtply; jtwtply; / jtwhd jtwhd jtwhd jtwhd jtwhd jfty;fspd; jfty;fspd; jfty;fspd; jfty;fspd; jfty;fspd; ghjpg;gpi ghjpg;gpi ghjpg;gp ghjpg;gp ghjpg;gp 2004 [{d; khjj;jpNy> ,uz;L rpq;fsr; nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffs;> njhg;gpfy fhLfspNy gpughfudpd; gphptpdUf;Fk;> fUzh gphptpdUf;Fk; ,ilapy; eilngw;w Nkhjypy; 75 Nghuhspfs; ,we;J tpl;ljhfTk;> 100w;Fk; Nkw;gl;Nlhh; fhakile;jpUg;gjhfTk; khWgLfpd;w juj;jpyhd Nghypg; gugug;G kpF nra;jpfis ntspapl;ld.
jiyg;Gr; nra;jpfspy; cs;slq;fpait : "fle;j 3 ehl;fspy; gpughfudpd; 80 NghuhspfSk; fUzhtpd; NghuhspfSk; ,we;Js;sdh;. cf;fpukhd rz;il fle;j khiy tiu njhlh;e;jJ"
"njhg;gpfiyiaf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhfg; gpugh jug;gpw;Fk; fUzh jug;gpw;Fk; ,ilapy; fLk; rz;il. mUs; uh[htpd; Kfhk; mopf;fg;gl;lJ. 75 Ngh; rhT> fhag;gl;Nlhh; 100 Ngh;."
"njhg;gpfiyapy; fUzhtpd; cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk; gpughfudpd; cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; rz;il cf;fpukilfpd;wJ. ,uz;L gf;fKk; Rkhh; 100 Ngh; ,wg;G."
xypgug;gg;gl;l nra;jp xd;Wk; 100w;Fk; Nkw;gl;Nlhh; nfhy;yg;gl;ljhf mwptpj;jJ
vt;t nra;jpfi gj;jphpiff ,lk; ngw jsgjpNa jsnkhd ,Wjpapy;> kl;LNk n ntspg;gi gj;jphpiff njspthd mwpf ClfKk toq;Ft $wg;gL nfhLf;fg thrfh;fi ,ilapyh ek;gj;jf;f
13

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
z;ik nrhy;ypfs;
k; ek;gf; ;jhj> %b k; rhh;e;j>
tOtpd;ik tOtpd;ik tOtpd;ik tOtpd;ik tOtpd;ik ghprPyidg; ghprPyidg; ghprPyidg; ghprPyidg; ghprPyidg; gl;bay; gl;bay; gl;bay; gl;bay; gl;bay; lfj;ij
❍ Neubahfg; ngwg;gLfpd;w %yk;> gpwh;topahfg; h;g;gJk;
ngwg;gLfpd;w %yk; vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapy; zh;tJk;
tpj;jpahrg;gLj;Jf. ;bw;Fk;
❍ vg;nghOJk; ew;ngah; kpf;f %yq;fisNa gad;gLj;jTk;>
pthfNt #o;r;rpj; ;ag;gLk; NghLk; tOthd %yq;fs;
rhj;jpag;gLk; nghOnjy;yhk; Neubahd jfty;fisg; gad;gLj;jTk;. ❍ xU gue;j %yq;fspd; tiyg; gpd;diy vg;nghOJk; Ngzp tuTk;> Fwpg;ghf Vdia ,d nkhopf; FOkq;fspd; tplaq;fs; my;yJ epfo;Tfs; gw;wp jpwd; kpFKiwapy; Neubahd jfty;fisj; ju mth;fs; miof;fg;glyhk;. hrkhd
❍ Fw;wr; nray;fisg; gw;wp mwpf;ifapLk; NghJ re;Njf
egh;fspd; gf;fj;jpidAk; vLf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;. tOtw;w Otpd;wp l;Ls;sJ. FOtpd; hLfspy;
❍ kf;fspd; ngah;fSk;> ,lq;fspd; ngah;fSk; kpfr; rhpahf vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij epr;rag;gLj;jTk;. ❍ VjhtJ jtWfs; tpl;bUe;jhy; mijj; jpUj;Jtjw;F
eltbf;if vLf;fTk;.
Fk;.
❍ rhpnad nka;g;gpg;gJ fbdkhapUf;Fk; NghJ> ,wg;Gf;fspd;
Yf;fhd
vz;zpf;ifiaf; nfhLg;gijj; jtph;f;fTk;. hy; ,J haj;ij
mDkjpf;ff; $lhJ vd;gijg; nghJthf Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
murpay;thjpfs; r%fj;jpd; Fwpg;gpl;l gphpTfisNah my;yJ Uf;Fk;
FOf;fisNah Kuz;ghl;bidr; rhj;jpakhf;Fk; tifapy; thh;j;ijfshy; ehLfpd;w
jhf;Fk; NghJ> mJ xU ,f;fl;lhd #o; epiyapid Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. h my;y ;.
gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jkJ gzpapy; $Uzh;T kpf;fth;fshfTk;> ftdk; cilath;fshfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; jkJ Kd;DhpikahdJ pf;ifapl
mwpf;ifapLtjw;Nf> mjhtJ : r%fj;jpw;F xU cz;ik nrhy;ypahf my;yJ
,Ug;gNj vd;gij mth;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. Ra jzpf;ifapidf; k;. xU
filg;gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L mwpf;ifaplhky; ,Ug;gjhdJ tje;jp tskhfg; uz;ghL
ngUf mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. ,J xU gj;jphpifahsh; #oikTlDk; Mgj;J
gpd;Gyj;JlDk; tOtpd;wp mwpf;ifapLtij tpl vg;nghOJNk mjpfk; Mgj;jhdjhFk;. Sldhd
njhopw; flg;ghl;bw;Fk; murpaw; flg;ghl;bw;Fk; ,ilapyhd gjw;wNk f;Ffpd;w
,yq;ifg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w capNuhl;lkhd d; 1976k;
fye;Jiuahly;fspy; xd;whf ,Ue;jJ. Nkyjpfkhd gjw;wj;ijj; J}z;lf; urpay;
$ba tplaq;fis vt;thW mwpf;ifapLtJ my;yJ mtw;wpid d; fPNo
mwpf;ifapl Ntz;Lkh vd;gJ gw;wpAk; gy;tifik kpF fUj;Jf;fs; ;wJ.
fhzg;gl;ld. nrs[d;aj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;Nf Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl g;glyhk;. pidAk; gRjYk;
Ntz;Lk; vdr; rpyh; MNyhrid toq;fpdhh;fs;. mNjNtis> mwpf;ifapLtjw;fhd kpf Kf;fpakhd nghWg;G ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd Vidath;fs; czh;e;jhh;fs;.
jPh;khdkhdJ mwpf;ifapLtjh my;yJ ,y;iyah vd;gjhf ;ifaply; Ltjw;F
,Uf;ftpy;iy. khwhf vt;thW mwpf;ifapLtJ vd;gjhf ,Ue;jJ vdg; gyh; thjpLfpd;wdh;.
twhd twhd twhd twhd twhd jfty;fspd; jfty;fspd; jfty;fspd; jfty;fspd; jfty;fspd; ghjpg;gpidf; ghjpg;gpidf; ghjpg;gpidf; ghjpg;gpidf; ghjpg;gpidf; ftdj;jpw; ftdj;jpw; ftdj;jpw; ftdj;jpw; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;Sjy; nfhs;Sjy; nfhs;Sjy; nfhs;Sjy; nfhs;Sjy;
phpiffs;> pdUf;Fk; ;ljhfTk;> uj;jpyhd
zhtpd; y tiu
; fUzh ; Kfhk;
hfudpd; gf;fKk;
l;Nlhh;
vt;thwhapDk; kWehs; Vida rpq;fsg; gj;jphpiffs; xd;wpy; rpwpa nra;jpfis ntspapl;bUe;jd. my;yJ nfhOk;gpy; mike;Js;s jkpo; gj;jphpiffs; Nghy; ve;jr; nra;jpiaAk; ntspaplNtapy;iy. xU Nkhjy; ,lk; ngw;wjhf ,yq;if ,uhZtj; jsgjpNah my;yJ fpof;F ,uhZtj; jsgjpNah mwptpf;ftpy;iy. NkYk; vy;hphp xU Fz;L ntbg;gpd; fhuzkhf vl;L vy;hphp< cWg;gpdh;fs; kl;LNk nfhy;yg;gl;ljhf ,uhZt mjpfhhpfs; mwptpj;j NghJ> cz;ik ntspg;gilahdJ. mjhtJ> ntspaplg;gl;l nra;jpfs; nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffspdhy; rpq;fs thrfh;fSf;nfd;Nw Gidag;gl;lit vd;gJ njspthdJ.
mwpf;iffspy; ve;j %yKk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. ve;j ClfKk; jkJ mwpf;iffisj; jpUj;jtpy;iy. ,jpy; cz;ikia toq;Ftjw;fhd Clfj;jpd; nghWg;G kl;Lky;yhJ> cz;ikfs; $wg;gLtjw;fhd gpuirfspd; chpikAk; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd gj;jphpifj; Jiw eilKiwfs; thrfh;fisf; Fog;Gfpd;wd> Clfj;jpw;Fk; nghJ kf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ek;gpf;ifia mopf;fpd;wd> NkYk; vjph;fhy mwpf;iffspd; ek;gj;jf;f epiy gw;wp mth;fis tpdh vOg;gTk; nra;fpd;wd.
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Page 14
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
fz;fspw;F njhptjw;F Nkyjpfkhf rpy tplaq;fs;
rpy cjhuzq;fs; %yk; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;Ls;sjhtJ> td;Kiw my;yJ cz;ikahd Nkhjy;fs; ,U jug;gpd; ,dg;gphpTfSld; vt;tpj njhlh;GfSk; ,y;yhj MdhYk; nghUshjhu tplaq;fs; mtw;Wf;F fhuzkhFk; vd;gjhFk;.
,dg;gphpT jd;ikf;F rk;gtq;fis fzf;fpLjy; %yk; gaq;fu tpisTfs; Vw;glf;$Lk;. #oy; kw;Wk; gpd;Gyk; Clftpayhsh;fs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;baJ mjd; fhuzj;jpdhNy. ,it r%fj;jpdUf;F njhpahjth;fSf;F murpay; Nghyp rpj;jpuq;fSf;F ,yFthf mfg;gLk;.
rpwe;j eilKiw tpdhf;fs;
1. xU murpaw; jiyth; xU rhjpapid my;yJ ,df; FOkj;ij toikahfj; jhf;fpg; NgRgtuhf ,Ue;jhy;> me;jg; Ngr;Rf;fs; nra;jpfshFkh? 2. mt;thwhd Ngr;R mwpf;ifaplg;gl;lhy;> mg; Ngr;rpNy mlq;fpAs;s Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; ghprPyidf;F cl;gLj;jg;- gLfpd;wdth? kw;Wk; jhf;FjYf;F cs;shFk; kf;fs; mij kWg;gjw;Fk;> vjph;j;Jiug;gjw;Fk; tha;g;G toq;fg;gLfpd;wjh? 3. cq;fsJ gj;jphpif ,d Kuz;ghL gw;wpa mwpf;iffis ntspaplhky; jLj;J itf;fpd;wjh? mjpNy cz;ikfSk; #oikTk; toq;fg;gl;L murpay; eyd;fSf;fhf ,dj;Jtk; vd;fpd;w fha;fis efh;j;Jgth;fis Nfs;tp Nfl;lhy; mjdhy; rpwg;ghf ,ij mwpf;ifapl KbAkh? 4. Fw;wk; njhlh;ghff; Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gLfpd;w kjNkh my;yJ ,dNkh vg;nghOJk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wjh? my;yJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,d my;yJ rkaf; FOkq;fisr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; kl;Lkh Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. Fw;wr; nray;fs; njhlh;ghf mwpf;ifapLk; NghJ ckJ gj;jphpif epWtdk; Vidatw;wpid tpl xU ,df; FOkj;ij mjpfkhfg; ngahpLk; gof;fj;jpidf; nfhz;Ls;sjh? 5. xU nra;jp mjpf gugug;ghdjhfTk; mjpfk; thrpf;fg;gLtjhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ajhh;j;jkhdJ Kuz;ghL my;yJ td;Kiw Fiwthdjhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ePq;fs; vg;nghOjhtJ xU ,d my;yJ rpWghd;ikf; FOkj;ij ,d;ndhd;wpw;F vjpuhf cq;fsJ nra;jpfspy; J}z;b tplr; rjp nra;fpd;wPh;fsh? 6. xU nra;jp mwpf;if jtwhdJ vd;W MFk; NghJ> mijj; jpUj;j ckJ epWtdk; vd;d eltbf;iffis vLf;fpd;wJ? jpUj;jq;fis ntspapLtjpy; cq;fsJ epWtdj;jpw;F xU nfhs;if ,Uf;fpd;wjh? 7. cq;fsJ nra;jp miwapy; gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F kj;jpapy; vt;thW ePq;fs; ,t;thwhd ,dj;Jt tplaq;fspd; fye;Jiuahliy Mh;tg;gLj;jyhk;.
thh;j;thh;j;ithh;j;thh;j;ithh;j;i
vt eQ;#l tpsf;F tptfhu gpsTk rkdpi Gyj;jpi Vw;gl;l Nkhrk jsk;gy
fe; Rl;ljpd nra;jpg jiyg;i nra;jjd vz;gJ %d;W rpq;fs ngUk;g
"n nfhy;y RLtjw gjpyhf tjP erpj mDkh nf gpd;> M nrhw;nw rpq;fs tpj;jpa
,d rfy ju rpj;jhpj;J Nfl;L jtwpa td;Ki
fe; gj;jphp tpj;jpa
52 nra;jp Vw;gLj rkepiyahd rkepiyahd rkepiyahd rkepiyahd rkepiyahd ghprPyidg; ghprPyidg; ghprPyidg; ghprPyidg; ghprPyidg; gl;bay; gl;bay;
gl;bay; gl;bay; gl;bay; rk;gtq fytuj ❍ xU gf;fj;jpw;fhd fspg;ghuthuj; jiytuhf tUtijj;
rpq;fsg jtph;f;fTk;
,j ❍ gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fisAk; epiyehl;b> mit
nra;jpg khpahijahfTk; tOtpd;wpAk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd
g]; tp vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jf
gpd;dh; ❍ ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;w #oiktpid kdjpw; nfhs;f.
mw rpy fUj;Jf;fs; $ba ngUk;ghd;ikapdhplk; epyTfpd;wjh?
cz;ik ❍ Vida kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisg; nghopg;Giu nra;tij
kf;fSf tpl;L> rhj;jpakhd nghOJ mtw;iw Neubahf Nkw;Nfhs;
nra;jpf fhl;lTk; ❍ nra;jpahdJ vOjg;gLk; NghNj> mJ ,d> rka> rhjpf;
#oikT #oikT #oikT #oikT #oikT t t $Uzh;Tfisg; ghjpf;Fkh my;yJ Nkhrkhf;Fkh vd;gij ePq;fNs Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;
❍ Ku
❍ xU jtwhd rkepiyia cUthf;Ftijapl;Lf; ftdkhf ,Uf;fTk; - rkepiy vd;gJ rfy jug;gpw;Fk; rkkhd rpwg;G vd;gjhf mh;j;jg;glhJ
❍ td
jt Ka
❍ ePq;fs; cq;fSila ,df; FOkj;jpw;F kl;Lkd;wp KOr; r%fj;jpw;FNk mwpf;ifapLfpd;wPh;fs; vd;gij epidtpy;
❍ xt vd
itj;jpUf;fTk;
❍ ghj
14

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
hf rpy
td;Kiw fSld; plaq;fs;
; gaq;fu yhsh;fs; y. ,it q;fSf;F
Okj;ij gr;Rf;fs;
gr;rpNy ;gLj;jg;- s; mij fpd;wjh? ;iffis ikfSk; dj;Jtk; ; mjdhy;
my;yJ my;yJ ;e;jth;fs; jhlh;ghf tw;wpid j;jpidf;
tjhfTk; my;yJ hOjhtJ ;F vjpuhf h? > mijj; f;fpd;wJ? pw;F xU
kj;jpapy; q;fspd;
thh;j;ijfisf; thh;j;ijfisf; thh;j;ijfisf; thh;j;ijfisf; thh;j;ijfisf; ftdkhfj; ftdkhfj; ftdkhfj; ftdkhfj; ftdkhfj; njhpT njhpT njhpT njhpT njhpT nra;jy; nra;jy; nra;jy; nra;jy; nra;jy; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; fw;if fw;if fw;if fw;if fw;if vt;thW XutQ;ridAk; gf;fr;rhh;Gk; cz;ikfSf;F eQ;#l;Lfpd;wd vd;gijg; gpd;tUk; rk;gtf; fw;if tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ntspaPL Vida midj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf> ,d tptfhuj;ij vOg;gpaJ. ,jd; %yk; r%fq;fSf;F ,ilapy; gpsTk;> Fiw $wYk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikfisr; rkdpiyahfg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j #oiktpidAk; gpd; Gyj;jpidAk; gad;gLj;jhky; tpl;ljdhNyNa ,e;j epiyik Vw;gl;lJ. ,jd; ,Wjp tpisthf> epiyikia NkYk; Nkhrkhf;ff; $bajhd td;Kiw mjpfhpg;Gk; Njitaw;w jsk;gy; #o;epiyANk Vw;gl;ld.
fe;jg;gisapy; ,df; fytuk; eilngw;w NghJ nghyprhh; Rl;ljpdhy; ,uz;L jkpo; Copah;fs; ,we;j NghJ> rpq;fsr; nra;jpg; gj;jphpifapy; ntspte;j gpujhd nra;jp ,t;thwhd jiyg;igj; jhq;fpapUe;jJ : "ntb fh erpjp" - "jk;ikr; Rlr; nra;jjd; %yk; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;" cf;fpuk; mile;j Nkhjypdhy; vz;gJ filfs; #iwahlg;gl;ld> fe;jg;gis efuf; filfs; %d;W ehl;fs; %lg;gl;bUe;jd. jkpoh;fSf;Fk; rpq;fsth;fSf;Fkhd cwT Nkhrkile;jJ (jkpoh;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahf thOk; efuj;jpy;)
"ntb fh erpjp" - jk;ikr; Rlr; nra;jjd; %yk; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;" vDk; nrhw;nwhlhpid thrpf;Fk; NghJ> RLtjw;F mth;fs; J}z;baJ Nghd;w mh;j;jk; njhdpf;fpd;wJ. gjpyhf mr; nrhw;nwhlhpid ,t;thW mikj;jpUe;jhy;> "ntb tjP erpjp" - "Rlg;gl;ljdhy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;"> mjd; mh;j;jKk; mDkhdKk; kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.
nfhiyiag; gw;wp chpa Kiwapy; tprhuiz nra;jjd; gpd;> Mrphpah; Kd; gf;fj; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpapid ,t;thwhd nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikf;fj; jPh;khdpj;jhuh? ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; rpq;fsth;fshf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> Mrphpah; jiyg;gpid tpj;jpahrkhd nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikj;jpUg;ghuh?
,d Nkhjy;fis mwpf;ifapLk; NghJ> mwpf;ifaplyhdJ rfy jug;gpdiuAk; rkdpiyahd KiwapYk; epahakhfTk; rpj;jhpj;Js;sjh vd;W gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jk;ikj; jhNk vg;ghJk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nra;a mit jtwpapUe;jhy;> mth;fspd; mwpf;ifaplyhdJ Nkyjpf td;Kiwf;Nf mbNfhYk;.
fe;jg;gisr; rk;gtk; gw;wp rpq;fs kw;Wk; jkpo; nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffspy; ntspte;j nra;jpfs; kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhditahf ,Ue;jd.
52 filfs; Nrjkhf;fg;gl;ljhfj; jkpo; nra;jpg; gj;jphpiffs; nra;jp ntspapl;ld. jkpo; r%fj;jpw;F mjpfkhd ghjpg;G Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gJ mjd; %yk; Rl;lg;gl;lJ. fe;jg;gisr; rk;gtq;fSf;F> jkpo; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsh;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l fytuj;ijNa Fw;wk; fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;gijr; Rl;LtjhfNt tijj;
rpq;fsg; gj;jphpiffs; nra;jp ntspapl;bUe;jd.
,jw;F Nkyhf> Nkhjiyj; J}z;bajhfr; rfy rpq;fsr; mit
nra;jpg; gj;jphpifshYk; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;l Kr;rf;fu tz;b - fpd;wd
g]; tpgj;J g+uzkhfNt kpifg;gLj;jg;gl;l nra;jp vd;gJ gpd;dh; njhpa te;jJ. nfhs;f.
mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd kf;fspd; chpikf;fhd nfsutKk; pd;wjh?
cz;ikANk Clfj;jpd; gpujhd nghWg;G vdpd;> rpq;fs a;tij
kf;fSf;Fk; jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;l epfo;T gw;wpa w;Nfhs;
nra;jpfspy; Vd; mt;thwhd NtWghLfs; fhzg;gl;ld.
> rhjpf;
#oikT #oikT #oikT #oikT #oikT tprhuizg; tprhuizg; tprhuizg; tprhuizg; tprhuizg; gl;bay; gl;bay; gl;bay; gl;bay; gl;bay; : : : : : d;gij
❍ Kuz;ghl;bd; tuyhw;wpid MuhAq;fs;.
tdkhf rpwg;G
❍ td;Kiwapd; jdpg;gl;l nray;fs; kPJ ftdk; Ftpg;gijj; jtph;f;fTk;. kw;Wk; gue;j fUj;Jg; gjpitf; nfhLf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;.
p KOr; dtpy;
❍ xt;nthU jug;Gk; vij ,of;f my;yJ ngw Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijg; ghprPypf;fTk;. ❍ ghjpf;fg;gl;l nghJ kf;fspd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpid toq;fTk;.
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Page 15
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
,dg; gpsT
xU gpzf;Nfh my;yJ td;KiwNah ,Uf;Fk; NghJ gj;jphpifahshpd; njhopy; vd;d ele;jJ vd;gijg; gw;wp
rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; f f f f f mwpf;ifapl;L mjw;Fhpa fhuzj;ijf; fz;lwptNjahFk;. midj;Jg; gpzf;FfSNk ,dj;Jtk; rhh;e;jJ vd Cfpf;ff; $lhJ. ,d
xU rpq Kuz;ghL eilngWk; gpuNjrq;fspy; $l ,J cz;ikNa.
jiyg;G
2002 xf;Nlhghpy;> Aj;j epWj;j cld;gbf;if ifr; rhj;jpl;L 8 khjq;fspd; gpd;> kpfg; nghpa ,df; Fog;gq;fs; K];ypk;fs; mjpfk; thOfpd;w mf;fiug;gw;W> mk;ghiw khtl;lq;fspy; ntbj;jd.
" t tUlq K];ypk K];ypk; FOf;fs; tPjpfis kwpj;jd> lah;fs; vhpf;fg;gl;ld>
Nr filfis %Lk;gb eph;g;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; jkpo;
tplak gj;jphpiffs; jtph;e;j Vida midj;Jg; gpujhd nra;jpg;
fhl;Lf gj;jphpiffspYk; mz;ikapw; fhzhkw; Nghd xU K];ypk; ,isQh;
,dj;J vy;hphp fg;gkhf 5 kpy;ypad; &gh nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sjhfTk; ntspte;j nra;jpNa MFk;.
xU xUth; ClfkhdJ cz;ikfis xU NghJk; Nfs;tpf;F cl;gLj;jtpy;iy. epiyikahdJ fpl;lj;jl;l ghhpa xOq;fPdkhf
,dk; n Clfq khwp tpl;bUe;jJ. vy;hphp< ,e;j mwpf;ififs kWj;jJ> ,Ug;gpDk; Clfq;fs; njhlh;e;Jk; vy;hphp Clfq;fs; ,d Kuz;ghl;bid vhpa itg;gjpy; Fwpg;gpl;l ghj;jpuj;ij tfpj;jpUf;fpd;wd. mj;Jld;> cz;ik ntspg;gl;l NghJ - Clfq;fspd; tprhuizfspdhy; my;yhky;> ,isQh; cz;ikia xj;Jf; nfhz;ljhy; jtwhd $w;Wf;fSf;fhd kd;dpg;Ngh my;yJ thg]; ngwNyh ,lk; ngwtpy;iy.
gj;j fl;Lg;gh gphptpid gaj;jpdhy NghJ> m Clfq;fs; cz;ik $wNtz;ba njspthd nghWg;gpidf;
nrhy;tj nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. mt;thW nraw;glhjtplj;J mJ mjpfhpj;j
nfhz;lhh gjw;wj;ijAk;> td;KiwiaAk;> ,dg; gopthq;fiyAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gij Qhgf%l;Lfpd;witahf ,t;thwhd rk;gtq;fs; mika Ntz;Lk;.
murp ngwg;gLk nghOJ> ,d Nkhjy; toikahdjhfTk;> re;NjfKk;> mr;rKk; epyTfpd;w>
ek;gitg ,dhPjpahfg; gy;tifg; gpuhe;jpaq;fisf; nfhz;l mk;ghiw
mth;fspd khtl;lj;jpNy eilngw;w xU nraykh;tpNy gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jkJ
vd mid gj;jphpifj; Jiwapd; jhf;fj;jpd; Ghpjypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidg; gw;wp tpthjpj;jhh;fs;. ,e;jr; nra;jp vt;thW rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd;gijg; gw;wpg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; fye;Jiuahbdhh;fs;.
epfo;r fye;Jiua fUj;Jg;gL gpd;gw;wf mwpf;ifaplyhdJ Muk;gj;jpy; ,e;jr; nra;jpia ,dg; gjw;wr;
njspthd rl;lfj;jpDs; ,l;lJ. gj;jphpifahsh;fs; Kuz;ghl;by; mwpf;ifapLfpd;w nra;jpapd; njhptpidf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whh;fs; vd mth;fs; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. - Kuz;ghl;bd; nra;jp kw;Wk; mij tpQ;rptpQ;rptpQ;rptpQ;rptpQ;rp Kw;gLfpd;wtw;wpd; nra;jp. jiyg;Gr; nra;jpfs; nfhiyfisg; gw;wpajhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. my;yJ rkhjhdj;ijg; gw;wpAk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
❍ xU ,dj;Jtk; ,dj;Jtk; ,dj;Jtk; ,dj;Jtk; ,dj;Jtk; vd;gJ vd;gJ vd;gJ vd;gJ vd;gJ gifik gifik gifik gifik gifik vd;W vd;W vd;W vd;W vd;W mh;j;jg;glhJ mh;j;jg;glhJ mh;j;jg;glhJ mh;j;jg;glhJ mh;j;jg;glhJ
Fw ❍ xU xU rpwe;j gj;jphpifahsh; fijf;Fg; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;
m re;jh;g;gj;jpy; kl;LNk ,d %yj;jpid mwpf;ifapLthh;.
epr
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cW ❍ Vi xU fhu xU Kaw;rpf;fpd;whh;fsh vd;gijg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; kjpg;gPL nra;jy;
❍ cq Ntz;Lk;.
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nra;jpahdJ khwh epiyf; fUj;jpw;F MjuT toq;FtJ Nghy; Njhd;wpdhy;> gj;jphpifahsh;fs; rpyuJ ,df; FOkj;jpidf; Fwpg;gpl Mh;tk; nfhs;syhk;. mt;thW nra;Ak; NghJ K];ypk;fisr; re;Njfj;jpw;Fhpath;fshfTk;> jkpoh;fisg; GypfshfTk;>
ja fU ❍ Gz
gb rpq;fsth;fisg; NghpdthjpfshfTk; nfhz;l vjph;r;rhh;gpid
❍ %y mth;fs; cUthf;Ffpd;whh;fs;.
vd kw
15

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
; NghJ g; gw;wp idj;Jg; hJ. ,d .
j;jpl;L 8 ; mjpfk; tbj;jd. g;gl;ld> k; jkpo; nra;jpg; ; ,isQh; ad; &gh
s;tpf;F q;fPdkhf Ug;gpDk; f tpl;Lf; thh;j;Jf;
;fisNah tg;gjpy; cz;ik y;yhky;> Sf;fhd
g;gpidf; jpfhpj;j w;gLj;Jk; ; mika
pyTfpd;w> k;ghiw h;fs; jkJ dg; gw;wp iwapy; ahsh;fs;
g; gjw;wr; ;ghl;by; hh;fs; vd k; mij yfisg; Uf;fyhk;.
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U gf;ff; ahsh;fs; tkhdJ wj;jpid d;gLj;j nra;jy;
J Nghy; ; Fwpg;gpl pk;fisr; shfTk;> hh;gpid
rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; rk;gtf; fw;if fw;if fw;if fw;if fw;if : : : : : Fw;wr; Fw;wr; Fw;wr; Fw;wr; Fw;wr; nray;fSk; nray;fSk; nray;fSk; nray;fSk; nray;fSk; ,dj;JtKk; ,dj;JtKk; ,dj;JtKk; ,dj;JtKk; ,dj;JtKk; xU rpq;fsr; nra;jpg; gj;jphpifapd; %d;whk; gf;f nra;jpj; jiyg;G ,t;thW $Wfpd;wJ :
" tPl;L Ntiyf;nfdf; nfhz;L tug;gl;l rpWkp ehd;F tUlq;fshf fhKfh;fSf;F tpw;fg;gl;lhh;. - re;Njfj;jpw;Fhpa K];ypk; Nrhb jLg;Gf; fhtypy;."
Nrhbapd; rkak; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplakhdJ cldbahfNt ,dr; rha;tpidf; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,e;jj; jtwhd nraYf;Fk; ,dj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; vd;d njhlh;G ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
xU Fw;wr; nraypNy rpWghd;ik ,df; FOkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j xUth; re;Njf eguhf ,Ue;jhy;> mf; Fw;wr; nraYld; me;j ,dk; njhlh;Ggl;lJ vDk; mh;j;jj;ijf; nfhLg;gNj rpq;fs Clfq;fspd; fyhr;rhukhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ.
gj;jphpifahsh;fs; xU NghJk; ,d> rhjp mtJ}Wfisg; gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ. mth;fs; gpuf;iQaw;w Kiwapy; ,d> rka my;yJ rhjp gw;wpa Cfq;fis vLj;Jf; nfhs;tJ gw;wpf; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gj;jphpifahsh;fs; epfo;Tfis mwpf;ifapLtjpy; fl;Lg;ghLfisf; filg;gpbg;gJ my;yJ ,dr; rkdpiy gphptpidthj rf;jpfspd; mr;RWj;jy;fspd; fPo; Fok;gp tpLk; vDk; gaj;jpdhy; gj;jphpif epiyg;ghLfis vLg;gJ gw;wp Nfs;tp Nfl;l NghJ> mjpfkhd gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jkJ Kjw; flg;ghL cz;ik nrhy;tjw;Fk; gj;jphpifr; Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk; vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.
murpay;thjpfSf;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,df;FOkj;jplk; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; njhlh;r;rpahd MjuT kl;LNk Nehf;fkhf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ> ,dq;fspd; eyd;fs; mr;RWj;jg;gLfpd;wd vd kf;fis ek;gitg;gjw;fhf Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jj; jPh;khdpf;Fk; nghOJ mth;fspdhy; gad;gLj;jg;glhky; jhk; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd midj;Jg; gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;.
epfo;r;rpapNy kpfTk; capNuhl;lKs;s rpy gj;jphpifahsh; fye;Jiuahly;fspy; newpfs; gw;wpaJk; ,dj;Jtj;jpid khwhepiyf; fUj;Jg;gLj;JjYk; mlq;fpapUe;jJ. midj;Jg; gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; gpd;gw;wf; $bajhd xU newprhh; Nfhitf;fhd Njit gw;wpa njspthd Ghpjy; mq;Nf fhzg;gl;lJ.
,dj;Jtg; ghprPyidg; gl;bay;
❍ xU eghpd; ,dk;> kjk; my;yJ rhjp vd;git gw;wp
Fwpj;Jiug;gij jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. ❍ xU eghpd; ,dk;> rhjp my;yJ kjk; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLtJ mj;jpahtrpakhdJ vdpd; tOtpd;ikia epr;rag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf me;j eghplk; ,j; jfty;fis cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ❍ Vida nra;jp %yq;fs; Njitaw;w tpjj;jpNy ,dj;Jtj;ij xU fhuzkhff; fUjpr; nraw;gLk; NghJ> cz;ikahd fhuzj;jpidg; gw;wp thrfh;fSfF mwpT Gfl;b ,dj;Jtk; xU fhuzp my;yJ vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;lTk;. ❍ cq;fSila nrhe;jg; gf;fr;rhh;G gw;wpa GhpjyhdJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. NkYk; nra;jp mwpf;iffis jahhpf;Fk; nghOJ my;yJ njhpT nra;Ak; nghOJ ,it fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ❍ Gz;gLj;jiy Vw;gLj;jf; $ba tpghpg;Gf;fisj; jtph;g;gjw;F
gbkq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ xU gaDs;s topahFk;. ❍ %yq;fsplk; ePq;fs; vt;thW mth;fis tpghpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; NfSq;fs;. - cjhuzkhf mth;fspd; rhjp> rkak; kw;Wk; ,dj;Jtk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;
15

Page 16
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
midj;Jj; JiwfisAk; cs;slf;FtJ
gjw;wj;ijj; jzpg;gjw;Fg; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;af; $ba xU top jhd; cq;fsJ r%fj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhd nra;jpfisr; nrhy;tjhFk;. rk;gtq;fs; my;yJ mwptpj;jy;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F rhjhuzkhf vjph;tpidahw;Wtij tpl> gj;jphpifahsh; td;Kiwapd; ];jhdj;ij nrd;wila Kd; r%fj;jpd; mf;fiwfis tprhhpj;J mwpf;ifapl Ntz;Lk;> nra;jpfisj; Njb nra;jp miwapid tpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;Lk;.
xU rk;gtj;ij my;yJ fijapidr; nrhy;tjw;F mrhjhuzkhdJk; Rthu\;akhdJkhd topfisf; fz;L gpbg;gJ> tplaj;jpw;Fs; mjpf kf;fisf; nfhz;L te;J mth;fis Mf;fg+h;tkhd tpthjj;jpy;  mjpfk; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;fhj xU Fuiy mq;fPfhpf;fr; nra;tjw;fhfTk; mth;fs; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Kuz;ghl;by;  vt;thW mur - fl;Lg;ghl;by; cs;s ,yq;if >h`pdpf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; (SLRC) 2005 [dthp 1-7 tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; mdh;j;jk; gw;wpa midj;J mk;rq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpaJ vd;gijg; ghPl;rpf;fpd;wJ.
,e;j mwpf;ifiaj; jahhpg;gjw;F Kd;G> murhq;fKk; vjph;f;fl;rpAk; Rdhkpapdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l gutyhd Nrjj;jpid epth;j;jp nra;a ,ize;J nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w xU nghJthd fUj;njhUkpg;gpid CPA ,yq;ifapy; epiyehl;bapUe;jJ.
,e;j mwpf;ifahdJ Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;ghd nghJthd cs;slf;fj;Jld; njhlh;Gila 13 nra;jp tiffisf; fz;fhzpj;jJ. ,e;j tiffSs; Njrpa Gzuikg;G> mur jiyaPL> ntspehl;L cjtp> Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhh;>
ve;jn vy;iyaw rk;gtq;fs nra;jpg; n kw;Wk; FL vd;gJ gw $Wfpd;w gj;jphpifa Kbak;.
Rdhk kPs cU Kfhk;fs cs;slf;f mjpfkhd vt;t tho;f;if vd;gJ g mwpf;ifa xUth; Gh Md murhq;fj eha; Mw;w gj;jphpifj ngWjy; N Kaw;rpfs Kaw;rpj;J
kPs; cUthf;fj;jpy; $l;Lg; gq;Nfw;G> epthuz cjtpiag; gfph;e;jspj;jy; kw;Wk; Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l rpWth; vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd
fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;l 13 tiffSs;> mur jiyaPL gw;wpa cs;slf;fk; kpfTk; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,J rk;ge;jkhf 42 nra;jpfs; 7 ehl;fSs; ntspahfpapUe;jd. ,jw;F kpfTk; neuf;fkhf> mLj;jhf Njrpa Gzh;eph;khzk; gw;wp 42 nra;jpfSk; ntspehl;L cjtp Kaw;rpfspd; tpguk; gw;wp 32 nra;jp mwpf;iffSk; ntspahfpapUe;jd.
,NjNtis Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; gw;wpa nra;jp cs;slf;fkhdJ VO ehl;fSs; 9 jlitfs; ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,f; fhyfl;lj;jpy; epthuz cjtpfis gq;fpLtJ njhlh;ghd mwpf;iffs; 8 jlitAk;> Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l rpWth; gw;wp ntWkNd 6 jlitANk ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jd.
Kf;fpakhf> fhy mstpidg; nghWj;j mstpNy> nra;jp mwpf;iffspd; epfo;T tPjj;jpw;Fk;> xJf;fg;gl;l Neuj;jpd; mstpw;Fk; ,ilapy; cah;thd ,ilj; njhlh;G fhzg;gl;lJ. Ma;e;jwpag;gl;litfspy;> Njrpa Gduikg;G gw;wp xU thu fhyj;jpy; 46 epkpl cs;slf;fKk;> mNjNtis Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs;
16
gw;wp 7 ep xspgug;Gf ghjpf;fg;g xJf;fhky mwpf;if ghhpa mo njw;Fg; ,g;gpuNjr mdh vt;topfs Kiwapy fhl;Lfpd
kdpj #opirT ,jd; tpi Cf;fg;gL

lf;FtJ
;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
r; nra;af; ;jpfisr; tw;wpw;F ;Kiwapd; tprhhpj;J d tpl;L
;tjw;F gpbg;gJ> th;fis jfisr; y; rhh;e;j s tpl;L tPlw;w h;fisg; pg;gijj; mjpfk; ; mth;fs;
dj;Jtk; epiyf; d;wJ vd
; fUj;Jg; ;ifaply;
ve;jnthU #o;epiyapYk;> tpNrlkhf> Kuz;ghl;L Neuq;fspy; vy;iyaw;w vz;zpf;ifapyhd fijfs; ,Uf;Fk;. td;Kiw gw;wpa rk;gtq;fspid mwpf;ifapLtjpy; cah; Kd;Dhpikia toq;Ffpd;w nra;jpg; ngWkhdj;ijAk; my;yJ vt;thW ngz;fs;> rpWth;fs;> kw;Wk; FLk;gq;fs; tho;fpd;wd kw;Wk; ,tw;wpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wd vd;gJ gw;wpa vkJ nrhe;j tprhuizfis tpl murhq;fk; vd;d $Wfpd;wJ vd;gijf; Nfs;tpf;F cl;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; xU rkhjhdj; jpl;lj;jpidg; gpd; njhlh;e;J nry;y Kbak;.
Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;jpd; NghJ> ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; jkJ tho;it kPs cUthf;Fifapy; $wNtz;ba vj;jidNah fijfs; Kfhk;fspYk;> r%fq;fspYk; ,Ue;jd. vdpDk; Clfq;fshy; cs;slf;fg;gl;l Rdhkp gw;wpa rk;gtq;fspd; Muha;r;rpahdJ> mjpfkhd fijfs; murhq;fj;jpd; ,ilaPLfs; vd;Nw fhl;Lfpd;wd. vt;thW rhjhuz kf;fs; tho;fpd;wh;fs;. NkYk; mth;fspd; tho;f;if epiyfSk; kdpj chpikfSk; vt;thW mike;Js;sd vd;gJ gw;wpa nrd;wilaf; $baJk;> cz;ikahdJkhd mwpf;ifaplypid kPz;Lk; typAWj;Jtjd; %yk; kf;fs; xUtiu xUth; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Clfk; Jiz Ghpa Ntz;Lk;.
Mdhy; gj;jphpifahsh;fis murpay; ,yf;FfSlDk; murhq;fj;jpd; gf;fKk; ,izj;J mth;fspd; Rje;jpuj;ijAk;> fhty; eha; Mw;wiyAk; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;f Kaw;rpf;Fk;. "mgptpUj;jp rhh;e;j gj;jphpifj; Jiw"apid Nkk;gLj;Jgth;fsplkpUe;J ehk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;. Rdhkpapd; gpd;G> epthuz kw;Wk; Gzh;eph;khd Kaw;rpfs; gw;wpa tpkh;rdj;ijf; $w tplhky; jLf;f rpyh; Kaw;rpj;Js;sdh;.
;slf;fk; ;jpfs; 7 hf Njrpa w;rpfspd;
nra;jp ;bUe;jJ. hlh;ghd h; gw;wp
> nra;jp stpw;Fk; ;gl;lJ. fhyj;jpy; ;lth;fs;
16
gw;wp 7 epkpl cs;slf;fKk; fhzg;gl;lJ. Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;ghd nra;jp xspgug;GfspNy> Rdhkp gw;wpa SLRC apd; cs;slf;fkhdJ Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; jkJ Njitfis ntspg;gLj;jg; Nghjpa Neuk; xJf;fhky;> murhq;fj;jpd; ngaiu cah;j;jr; nraw;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ vd mwpf;if KbT $Wfpd;wJ. ,d;Dk;> ,yq;ifapd; tlf;fpYk;> fpof;fpYk; ghhpa mopTfSk; ehrq;fSk; Vw;gl;Ls;s NghjpYk;> SLRC ,yq;ifapd; njw;Fg; gFjpfSf;F toq;fpa cs;slf;fj;Jld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,g;gpuNjrq;fSf;Ff; Fiwthd cs;slf;fj;ijNa toq;fpapUe;jJ.
mdh;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; ehshe;j tho;tpd; kPJ Rdhkp vt;topfspy; jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ vd;gijr; nraw;jpwd; kpF Kiwapy; Muha;tjw;F SLRC jtwp tpl;lJ vd mwpf;if Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
kdpjf; fhuzpapy; ftdk; Ftpg;gjhdJ> kf;fSf;fhf tplaj;jpid #opirT rhh;e;jjhf Mf;Ftjw;F ,d;wpaikahj topahFk;. mj;Jld; ,jd; tpisthf nghJ kf;fs; epthuz Kaw;rpfSf;F cjtpaspg;gij Cf;fg;gLj;JtjhFk;.

Page 17
gf;fr; rhh;gpidf; ifahSjy;
,yq;ifapYs;s gj;jphpifahsh;fs; kj;jpapy; mjpfk; eilngWk; fye;Jiuahly;fs;> Rje;jpukhd gj;jphpifj; Jiwf;fhd Njit> kw;Wk; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; mth;fspd; ,df; FOkj;jpy; my;yJ "Njrpag; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;" gw;WWjp nfhz;bUg;gJ gw;wpajhf mike;jpUe;jJ. gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jhk; mwpf;ifapLfpd;w r%fq;fs; kw;Wk; FOf;fSldhd jkJ neUf;fk; gw;wpAk; mjd; njhopy; rhh;e;j kw;Wk; newp rhh;e;j rthy;fs; gw;wpAk; nghJthfNt ntspg;gilahfTk;> Neh;ikahfTk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. aho;g;ghzj;jpYs;s xU gj;jphpifahsh; $wpdhh; : 'ehq;fs; ,ae;jpuq;fsy;y> ehq;fs; kdpjh;fs;"
g+uzkhfNt gf;fr;rhh;gpid ,y;yhnjhopg;gJ vd;gJ rhj;jpakw;wjhFk;. rpy Ntisfspy;> ,J KOtJk; Nkhrkhd xd;Wky;y. 'murpay; kw;Wk; r%f epytuk; gw;wp ehk; czu Muk;gpg;gjhapd;> vd;d tplak;> mJ Vd; Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gJ gw;wp czu Ntz;Lk;. vt;thwhapDk;> gf;fr;rhh;G vd;gJ ,y;yhnjhopf;f Kbahj xd;W vd;W $WtJ xU tplakhf ,Uf;fpd;w mNj Ntis> Kuz;gLk; fUj;Jf;fSf;F epahakhd epfo;Tfis mwpf;ifapl Kaw;rpj;jYf;Fk;> gr;irahd gpur;rhuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; vt;tpj NgjKk; ,y;iy vd;W gpufldg; gLj;JtJ Kw;wpYk; Ntnwhd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ."
gf;fr; rhh;gpidf; Fiwf;f KbahJ vd;gjid ,J fUjtpy;iy. cz;ikahfNt> gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jhNk mth;fspNy ,ijf; Fiwf;f Kaw;rp vLg;gJ mth;fspd; flikahFk;. (nytp> 2004)
r%f> murpay; rpj;jhe;jq;fs;> nghUshjhur; #o;epiyfs; kw;Wk;
,dg; ghFghLfs; Nghd;w midj;ijAk; nfhz;l xU r%fj;jpw;F ntspNa jdJ ,Ug;G ,y;iy vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w gj;jphpifahsh;fs;> vt;tpjkhd cs;shh;e;j gf;fr;rhh;gpidAk; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L fUkkhw;Wtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLf;f KbAk; vd;gJld; mg;gf;fr;rhh;Gfs; mth;fspd; nra;jpfspNy gy tifahd Fuy;fs; Nfl;fg;gLjiyAk;> Ghpag;gLjiyAk; jil nra;atpy;iy vd;gijAk; epr;rag;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
gj;jphpifj; Jiwapd; elj;ijf; Nfhit Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLk; NghJ vd;d epfoyhk; vd;gijAk; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; mwpf;ifaply; vd;d jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jyhk; vd;gijAk; gpd;tUk; rk;gtf; fw;if fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kjkhw;wkhdJ ghhpa Kuz;ghl;bw;fhd J}z;L tpirahf ,Ue;j re;jh;g;gj;jpNy> thrfh;fspd; kdg;ghq;fpNy nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jTk;> mth;fSf;Fj; jtwhd jfty;fis toq;fTk; ,dj;JtkhdJ ,q;Nf Xh; Kf;fpakhd fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. Mrphpah; Mrphpah; Mrphpah; Mrphpah; Mrphpah; Rje;jpuk; Rje;jpuk; Rje;jpuk;
Rje;jpuk; Rje;jpuk; ,yq;ifapYs;s Clfq;fspy; mjpfkhdit> xypgug;G kw;Wk; ngUk; nra;jpg; gj;jphpiff; FO cs;slq;fshf> kpff; Fiwe;j gj;jphpifr; Rje;jpuj;JlDk; murhq;fr; nry;thf;fpd; rhl;rpaj;JlDk;
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
17
mur fl;L nra;jp cs eyd;fspd
rpwe;j gw;wpaJkh tpLjiy n Jbg;ghd nra;af; $ ClfClfClfClfClf gj;jphpif gj;jphpif gj;jphpif gj;jphpif gj;jphpif rpj;jhe;jj rpj;jhe;jj rpj;jhe;jj rpj;jhe;jj rpj;jhe;jj nfhs;sht nfhs;sht nfhs;sht nfhs;sht nfhs;sht khw;wg;gl khw;wg;gl khw;wg;gl khw;wg;gl khw;wg;gl Rje;j cs;shFk tpsq;Ffp mr;RWj;j
,t;t gj;jphpifa newpf; Nf gzpGhptj Vida g gq;fhsh;f fhl;Lfpd;w
xU "mbg;g vDk; j ,f gphpT x FO m gw;wp m ngsj;j ,f fpwp];jt gpuRhpf mbg;gi rl;lj;jp tpLj;jd vt ntspg;g mf $wpapU tifapy cjhuz fpuhkj;j (fpwp];j
,q mth; x mJ n Fwpg;gpl
fl ntspg mjpfhpj gj;jphpi
gu tho;e;J $w;wpi Jujp\;l ,k; Ku kw;Wk; j gpd fl;Liu tp rhpahd rhpghh;j;J Kiwap fl fl;Liu

mjpfk; iwf;fhd Okj;jpy; w;wpajhf %fq;fs; ; njhopy; thfNt pd;wdh;. 'ehq;fs;
vd;gJ khrkhd k; czu vd;gJ vd;gJ Uf;fpd;w o;Tfis ,ilapy; Kw;wpYk;
jtpy;iy. ; Fiwf;f
s; kw;Wk;
fj;jpw;F hs;fpd;w pidAk; vLf;f pNy gy k; jil ;Lk;.
k; NghJ ;ifaply; f; fw;if tpirahf y;thf;Fr; oq;fTk; tpahfg;
;G kw;Wk; Fiwe;j j;JlDk;
;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
17
mur fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;sd. (ghh;f;> 2003) jdpahh; trKs;s Clfq;fspd; nra;jp cs;slf;fKk;> mjd; chpikahsh;fspd; th;j;jf kw;Wk; murpay; eyd;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F cl;gLfpd;wd.
rpwe;j ClfkhdJ kf;fisg; gw;wpaJk; kf;fsJ r%fj;jpidg; gw;wpaJkhFk;. NkYk; murpay; kw;Wk; th;j;jf mOj;jq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLjiy ngw;Ws;s ClfkhdJ rdehafj;jpd; ghpzhkj;jpw;Fk; mjd; Jbg;ghd nraw;jpwDf;Fk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Kiwapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;af; $bajhFk;.
Clf epWtdq;fSk;> me; epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; Clf epWtdq;fSk;> me; epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; Clf epWtdq;fSk;> me; epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; Clf epWtdq;fSk;> me; epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; Clf epWtdq;fSk;> me; epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; "mjpfhuq;fspidg;" gphpj;jy; vd;fpd;w gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; "mjpfhuq;fspidg;" gphpj;jy; vd;fpd;w gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; "mjpfhuq;fspidg;" gphpj;jy; vd;fpd;w gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; "mjpfhuq;fspidg;" gphpj;jy; vd;fpd;w gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; "mjpfhuq;fspidg;" gphpj;jy; vd;fpd;w rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cz;ikahd mh;j;jj;jpd; Ghpjiy tsh;j;Jf; rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cz;ikahd mh;j;jj;jpd; Ghpjiy tsh;j;Jf; rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cz;ikahd mh;j;jj;jpd; Ghpjiy tsh;j;Jf; rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cz;ikahd mh;j;jj;jpd; Ghpjiy tsh;j;Jf; rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cz;ikahd mh;j;jj;jpd; Ghpjiy tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;shtpl;lhy; mth;fs; gpur;rhuk; Ghpgth;fshf ,yFtpy; nfhs;shtpl;lhy; mth;fs; gpur;rhuk; Ghpgth;fshf ,yFtpy; nfhs;shtpl;lhy; mth;fs; gpur;rhuk; Ghpgth;fshf ,yFtpy; nfhs;shtpl;lhy; mth;fs; gpur;rhuk; Ghpgth;fshf ,yFtpy; nfhs;shtpl;lhy; mth;fs; gpur;rhuk; Ghpgth;fshf ,yFtpy; khw;wg;glyhk;. khw;wg;glyhk;. khw;wg;glyhk;. khw;wg;glyhk;. khw;wg;glyhk;.
Rje;jpukhd Clfj;jpid ehk; nrd;wiljyhdJ mr;RWj;jYf;F cs;shFk; NghJ vy;yhk;> vkJ kdpj chpikfSf;F Mjhukhf tpsq;Ffpd;w mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd nghJ kf;fspd; chpikAk; mr;RWj;jYf;F cs;shfpd;wJ.
,t;thwhd #oikTfs; kw;Wk; ,f; fl;LfspDs; jhd; gj;jphpifahsh;fs; gzp Ghpfpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy; gj;jphpifahsh; jkJ newpf; Nfhit kw;Wk; njhopw; Nfhit vd;gtw;wpw;F mikag; gzpGhptjw;fhd mth;fspd; chpikf;F kjpg;gspf;ff; NfhUtjw;F Vida gj;jphpifahsh;fSlDk; rptpy; r%fj;jpd; Vida gq;fhsh;fSlDk; ,iza Ntz;Lk; vd;gij mDgtq;fs; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
gf;fr;rhh;gpid mioj;jy; gf;fr;rhh;gpid mioj;jy; gf;fr;rhh;gpid mioj;jy; gf;fr;rhh;gpid mioj;jy; gf;fr;rhh;gpid mioj;jy;
xU mDgtkpf;f ,yq;ifg; gj;jphpifahsh; rpq;fsj; jpdrhp xd;wpNy "mbg;gilthjpfsplk; ,Ue;J jg;gpa ngsj;jh; xUthpd; thf;F %yk;" vDk; jiyg;gpNy fl;Liu xd;wpid ntspapl;lhh;.
,f; fl;LiuahdJ> FWfpa fhyj;jpw;F mbg;gilthjf; fpwp];jtg; gphpT xd;wpd; cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;j ngsj;jh; xUtiug; gw;wpajhFk;. mf; FO mjd; tpRthrj;jpidg; gug;gpa Mf;Nuh\khd top tiffisg; gw;wp mf; fl;Liu tplaq;fis ntspg;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. mj; jfty;fs; ngsj;jh;fis vjpuhfj; J}z;b tpLtjw;fhd Mw;wiyf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,f; fl;LiuahdJ ,J Nghd;w fpwp];jtg; gphpTfSk; gpujhdkhd fpwp];jtf; Nfhtpy;fSk; jhf;FjYf;F cs;shfp tUfpd;w Neuj;jpNy gpuRhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. rdhjpgjpAk;> gpujkUk; mj; jhf;Fjy;fis mbg;gilthjpfspd; nray;fnsdf; fz;bj;jJld;> Fw;wkpioj;jth;fs; rl;lj;jpw;F Kd; nfhz;L tug;gly; Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jdh;.
vt;thwhapDk; fl;LiuahdJ NghJkhd rkepiyapid ntspg;gLj;jj; jtwp tpl;lJ.
mf;fl;Liu mbg;gilthjg; gphpTfspd; gy jiyth;fs; gw;wpf; $wpapUe;jJ. vt;thwhapDk;> thrfh;fspd; czh;tpidj; J}z;btpLk; tifapy; jkpo;j; jiyth;fspd; ,dj;Jtk; kl;LNk Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. cjhuzkhf> "jkpo;g; ghjphpahh; Nfhgj;jpNy Ngrpdhh;... 65>000 ngsj;j fpuhkj;jth;fis vq;fsJ rkaj;jpw;F kjk; khw;Wk; vjph;ghh;g;Gld; (fpwp];jt rkaj;jpw;F)....."
,q;Nf ghjphpahhpd; ,dj;Jtj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLtJ mtrpakhdjh? mth; xU jkpoh; vd;gjhy; rkaj;ijg; Nghjpf;fpd;whh; vDk; fUj;ij mJ nfhLj;jjh? Vida jiyth;fspd; ,dj;Jtk; Vd; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy?
fl;LiuahdJ topghl;L ,y;yq;fspd; miktplq;fisAk; ntspg;gLj;jp> mtw;wpw;F vjpuhd td;Kiwapd; rhj;jpaj;jpidAk; mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. ,f; fl;Liuapd; tpisthf> mit jhf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy;> gj;jphpifahsh; xU kiwKfkhd gq;Fjhuuhf ,Ue;jpUg;ghh;.
gu];guk; mr;rj;JlDk;> mt ek;gpf;iffSlDk; jrhg;jq;fshf tho;e;J tUfpd;w ,q;ifaidg; Nghd;w r%fj;jpNy> ve;jnthU $w;wpidAk; kpifg;gLj;JtJk;> jphpGgLj;JtJk; nghJthdjhFk;. Jujp\;ltrkhf> ,k; Kuz;ghl;bw;fhd jPh;tpd; xU gFjpahf my;yhky;> ,k; Kuz;ghl;bd; xU gFjpahf Clfq;fs; mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; jkpo; nkhopapyhd Clfq;fs; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd.
gpd;tUk; topfhl;Ljy;fs; kdjpw; nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jhy; ,e;jf; fl;Liu rpwg;ghdjhf mike;jpUf;Fk;.
tplaq;fs; cz;ikahditah> Neh;ikahditah> kpfr; rhpahditah?Mrphpah; midj;J tplaq;fisAk;> %yq;fisAk; rhpghh;j;J tpl;lhuh?Fwpg;gplg;gl;l midj;Jk; epahakhfTk;> rkkhd KiwapYk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;ldth?
fl;Liu ,d my;yJ rkar; rhh;G epiyia Cf;Ftpf;ff; $bajh? fl;Liu thrfiuj; jtwhf topelj;jf; $bajh?

Page 18
gy Fuy;fs; fijia cUthf;Ffpd;wd
ghy; ghy; ghy; ghy; ghy; epiy epiy epiy epiy epiy : : : : : Kuz;ghl;bYs;s Kuz;ghl;bYs;s Kuz;ghl;bYs;s Kuz;ghl;bYs;s Kuz;ghl;bYs;s tplak; tplak; tplak; tplak; tplak;
Kuz;ghLk; rkhjhdKk; ghy;epiy NtWghbd;wp midtiuAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ
ehq;fs; ngz;fis tpghpf;Fk; tpjKk;> mth;fspd; fijfisr; nrhy;Yk; tpjKk;> r%fk; mth;fis Nehf;Ffpd;w tpjj;jpYk; elj;Jfpd;w tpjj;jpYk; ngUk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. nghJthfNt ngz;fs; Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fshfj;jhd; rpj;jhpf;fg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. mth;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; jhd;. mth;fs; ,lk; ngah;e;jth;fshfTk;> tpjitfshfTk;> tWikg;gl;lth;- fshfTk;> cly; hPjpahf kw;Wk; ghypay; hPjpahfj; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F cs;shf;fg;gl;lth;fshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. MdhYk; mth;fs; FLk;gk;> r%fk; kw;Wk; Njrpa kl;lk; vd midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; khw;wq;fspw;fhfg; NghuhLgth;fshfTk;> rhjfkhd nraw;gLj;Jdh;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,jw;Ff; Fiwthd ftdNk nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;fs; Aj;jj;jpdhy; tpj;jpahrkhfg; ghjpf;fg; gLfpd;whh;fs;. ngz;fspd; Nky; ftdk; Ftpf;fpd;w fijfs; mth;fs; vt;thW tpjitfshf tho;fpd;whh;fs;> ngz;fisj; jiyikahff; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fSf;F cjtp toq;Fk; eltbf;iffs;> ngz;fshy;
gy;tifi Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; rkhjhd eltbf;iffs;> ngz;fs; Vd; MAjk;
ghPl;irah J}f;Ffpd;whh;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fspd; Nghd;wtw;wpNy ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Vida gpur;rpidfs;
,jpNy gy;tif 18 Kuz;ghl;L tyaq;fisr; Nrh;e;j MAj vjph;f; FOf;fspYs;s
gpujpgypg 32 ngz; Nghuhspfspd; mz;ika n[dpth $l;lj;jpNy Mz;fshy;
thOfpd;w Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; gy fhuzq;fshy; ngz;fs; td;Kiwia
Ghpe;J nf ehLfpd;whh;fs;. NkYk; mtw;wpidg; gy;NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhf iftpLtjw;F mth;fis Cf;Ftpf;f KbAk; vd;w KbT vl;lg;gl;lJ." "n[dpth $l;lj;jpd; vspikahd KbTfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;. mjpfkhd ngz;fs; jhq;fs; ,Wjpg; Gfyplkhf kl;LNk rz;ilia ehLtjhff; Fwpg;gpl;ldh;. ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l ngz;fs;> my;yJ fztd; khhpd; my;yJ FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fspd; nfhiyfis Nehpy; ghh;j;j ngz;fNs tpNrlkhf ,jw;Fj; J}z;lg;gLfpd;wdh;." (tpy;ypak;];> 2005)
gzpa ntspg;gi thrfh;fs cs;slf;f gj;jphpif> FOkj;jpd Fj;jg;gL ajhh;j;jj ,t;thwhd Cf;Ftpg;Gf; fhuzpfSk; ,it vt;thW rkhjhdg;
gjtpfspY Ngr;R thh;j;ijfisg; ghjpf;fyhk; vd;gJk; gj;jphpifj;Jiw
toptiff tprhuizf;fhd nra;jpj; jifikg; guGf;fshFk;.
Clf xU Kuz;ghl;Lg; gj;jphpifj;Jiwr; nraykh;tpNy> vt;thW
ngWNgWf ghy;epiyf; fz;%bj;jdk; Kuz;ghl;bdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fis rpy
nfhs;s m tplaq;fspy; ghjpj;jNjh mNj Nghy; Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs;
cj;jp vd; gw;wpa mwpf;ifapliyAk; ghjpj;jpUe;jJ vd nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;
,jw;fhd fofj;ijr; Nrh;e;j neYgh; B nky; mz;ikapy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhh;.
gzpahsh ngz;fs; nfhz;Ls;s tpj;jpahrkhd Njitfis Clfq;fs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sj; jtwp tpl;ld. ngz;fSf;F Kfhk;fspy; rpwe;j ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffSf;F topNfhypa ghypay; ty;YwT kw;Wk; ghypay; njhe;juT gw;wpa mwpf;ifaplYf;F mg;ghy;> Kfhk; FOf;fspy; ngz;fspd;  mth;fspd; me;juq;fj; jd;ik> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Njitfs; (jdpahd Fspay; trjpfSf;fhd>
Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Kuz;ghl Clfk; Clfk; Clfk; Clfk; Clfk; K K K K K
,f; fl;Lf gj;jphpi fz;fhzpg nra;jp N mwpahik epiyfis cs;shil kw;Wk; khjtplha;f;fhy khw;Wj; JzpfSf;fhd) gw;wpg;
,t; gutyhf mwpf;ifaplg;gltpy;iy. ,t;tplaq;fspy; epytpa
gj;jphpifa nkskhdJ> epthuzg; gzpfspy;  ngz;fisg;
gy;ti ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhuhfTk; Mz;fis Kfth;fshfTk; itj;jpUe;j
ghh;g; epiyikfs; mhpjhfNt ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;ld. KbTfs; ngz;fis
tho;f cjtpaw;wth;fshfTk; Mz;fisg; gpioj;J tho;gth;fshfTk;
czU fhl;Lfpd;w khwh epiyf; fUj;Jg; Ngr;NrlhfNt mike;jpUe;J" (B nky;> 2005)
❍ nra;j
gy;ti KOikahd fijfisg; ngWtjw;F> gj;jphpifahsh;fs; gue;j
gj;jp tPr;rpyhd ngz;fspd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpid cq;fsJ fijfspy;
jfty cs;slf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ mbf;fb nksdkhf;fg;gLfpd;w ,dj;Jtr; rpWghd;ikapdh; Nghd;Nwhh;.
❍ njho rkd nra;jp nra;jp nra;jp nra;jp nra;jp miwapy; miwapy; miwapy; miwapy; miwapy; gy;tifj; gy;tifj; gy;tifj; gy;tifj; gy;tifj; jd;ik jd;ik jd;ik
jd;ik jd;ik gpd;G fyhr gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; gue;j ,dj;Jt tPr;rpid
tpsk Ntiyf;fkh;j;JjYk;> rpWghd;ik nkhopfisg; gad;gLj;JtJk;
,lq
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
18

fpd;wd
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gy;tifikahd mwpf;ifaplYf;fhd Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mkpyg; ; MAjk;
ghPl;irahFk;> Mdhy; mit mtw;wpw;F cj;juthjky;y. pidfs;
,jpNyAs;s gpujhd tplak;> nra;jp epWtdq;fs; jkJ r%fj;jpd; gy;tifikiaj; jkJ nrhe;jg; gzpahsh;fspy; ;fspYs;s
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thOfpd;w kf;fspd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpid xU rpwe;j gj;jphpifahsd; iwia
Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; mstpw;Fk; xU vy;iy ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ;fSf;fhf ;w KbT bTfs;
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cs;slf;fj;jpid ek;Gtjw;F mjpf rhj;jpaq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. nra;jpg; gj;jphpif> thndhyp my;yJ njhiyf;fhl;rp epiyaq;fs; xU ,df; ; my;yJ gz;fNs 5)
FOkj;jpd; eyd;fisNa fUj;jpw; nfhz;Ls;sd vd;W Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gLtjw;F rhj;jpak; FiwthFk;. ,dg; gy;tifikahdJ ajhh;j;jj;jpNy rpNu\;l gjtpfspYk;> mNj Nghy; fdp\;l khjhdg;
gjtpfspYk; gpujpgypf;Fkhapd;> nra;jpfs; mwpf;ifaplg;gLk; fj;Jiw
toptiffis mJ cz;ikapNyNa khw;wpaikf;Fk;.
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ngWNgWfis Kd;Ndw;wyhk; kw;Wk; msf;fyhk; vd;gij mwpe;J ;fis rpy
nfhs;s mth;fspd; nrhe;jj; njhopy;> gapw;rp kw;Wk; mwpf;ifapLk; l;lth;fs;
cj;jp vd;gtw;iwg; ghPl;rpg;gjw;fhd nghWg;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. gy;fiyf;
,jw;fhd Kjw; gb mq;fPfhukhFk;. ,d hPjpahf rkdpiyg;gl;l Ue;jhh;.
gzpahsh;..... rfpg;gpd;ikiaf; ifahSifapy; Vw;gLk; newprhh;e;j lfq;fs; py; rpwe;j T kw;Wk; ;> Kfhk;
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Clfj;jpy; gy;tifik vd;gjw;fhd gy tpthjq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ;wJ.
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gy;tifikahdJ gue;j tPr;rpyhd thrfh;fisf; Nfl;Nghiu> j;jpUe;j
ghh;g;Nghiuf; ftUfpd;wJ. ,yf;Ff; FOf;fs; jkJ nrhe;j gz;fis
tho;f;ifAld; Clf cs;slf;fj;jpw;F cs;s ghpr;raj;ij ;fshfTk;
czUifapy; tpw;gidAk; juKk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. pUe;J" (B
❍ nra;jpaiwapDs;Ns epahaj;jpw;fhfTk;> gf;fr;rhh;gpd;ikf;fhfTk;> gy;tifik kpF ,dg; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpw;fhfg; NghuhLfpd;w fs; gue;j
gj;jphpifj; JiwahdJ rpWghd;ikr; r%fq;fsplkpUe;J ijfspy;
jfty;fspd; gy;tif %yq;fspidr; nrd;wiljiy Kd;Ndw;Wk;. ;gLfpd;w
❍ njhopw;gilapy; rpwe;j ,dg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; kw;Wk; kpFe;j rkdpiyahd nra;jp cs;slf;fk; Nghd;wd gy;NtW gpd;Gyq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; thrfh;fisf; ftUfpd;wd. gy;NtW fyhr;rhug; gpd;Gyq;fisAk; rhh;e;j kf;fis ,yf;F itf;Fk; Pr;rpid
tpsk;gujhuh;fs; midj;J ,d kf;fSk; ed;F njd;gLfpd;w j;JtJk;
,lq;fisNa nghpJk; tpUk;Gth;.
;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
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Page 19
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
❍ jfty;fisg; ghpkhwTk;> xUth; kw;wthplkpUe;J fw;gjw;Fk; gy;NtW FOf;fisr; Nrh;e;j gj;jphpifahsh;fSk; ClfKk; xd;whfg; gzpahw;w Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Clfj;jpw;Fs;NsAk; gy;NtW Clfq;fSf;F ,ilNaAkhd fye;JiuahlyhdJ Clfj;jpw;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNaahd fye;Jiuahliyg; NghyNt Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
nra;jpapd; nra;jpapd; nra;jpapd; nra;jpapd; nra;jpapd; nkhop nkhop nkhop
nkhop nkhop nra;jpfisr; Nrfhpg;gjpYk;> tOtw;w Neub mwpf;iffisg; ngWtjpYk;> Fwpg;ghf Vdia r%fq;fisg; ghjpf;fpd;w tplaq;fisAk;> epfo;TfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;tjpYk; nkhopahdJ gpujhd jilahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij Ma;Tfs; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. gy; - nkhopg; gj;jphpifahsh;fis Cf;Ftpg;gJk; Fwpg;gpl;l nra;jpfspw;F gy;NtW nkhopfisr; Nrh;e;j epUgh;fisf; Fohkhfg; NghLtJk; ek;gpf;ifiaf; fl;b vOg;GtJld;> Vida nkhopr; r%fj;jpidr; nrd;wila tha;g;gpidAk; jUfpd;wJ.
Mdhy; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; mjpfsthd fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; xU gug;G ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;why; mJ> mth;fs; epfo;TfisAk;> tplaq;fisAk; tpghpf;fTk;> jq;fsJ fijfisr; nrhy;yTk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w nrhw;fspdJk; nrhw;nwhlh;fspdJk; njhpthFk;.
njspthfNt> gj;jphpifahsh;fs; rhjp rhh;e;j my;yJ ,dk; rhh;e;j mtJ}Wfis xU NghJNk gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ. mj;Jld; Vida ,d kw;Wk; rkaf; FOkq;fs; gw;wpa ve;jnthU gpuf;iQaw;w Cfj;jpw;Fk; gjpyspf;f Ntz;Lk;. rkhjhdr; nrad;Kiwapd; mq;fkhf ,Uf;fpd;w td;Kiw gw;wpa mwpf;ifaplyhdJ rpy tpNrl rthy;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mJ ,dg; gjw;wj;jpid Vw;gLj;jf; $ba> rkhjhd Kaw;rpfisf; fPoWf;ff; $ba Mw;wy; nfhz;l nrhw;fspd; njhptpid tplf; Fiwe;jitay;y.
,yq;ifapNy> cjhuzkhf> Aj;j epWj;j cld;gbf;iff;Fg; gpwF> r%f - murpay; #oiktpd; mk;rq;fis tpghpf;f ClfkhdJ nkhopAld; ky;yhbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. r%fk; Nghd;w nrhw;fs; ,dj;Jtj;JlDk;> rpWghd;ikAlDk; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd. nkhopapd; El;gkhd gad;ghl;bw;F nkhop Clfq;fspd; jtWfs; Nkyjpf rpukq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wd. nghJthfNt> jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fs nkhopg; gj;jphpiffspy; ntspaplg;gLk; NghJ r%fg; gjw;wq;fs; ,dg; gifikahFfpd;wd. kw;Wk; rpW gpzf;Ffs; ngUk; ,d Kuz;ghLfshFfpd;wd. ngUk;ghd;ik kw;Wk; rpWghd;ik vd;gtw;wpd; tiutpyf;fzq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l thjq;fSf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tifapy; jphpGgLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. rpWghd;ik vd;gJ rpq;fsg; gj;jphpifj; JiwapNy Vida r%fq;fspd; jfT epiyapidf; fPoWg;gjw;fhfr; #o;r;rpj; jpwj;Jld; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F khw;wkhf> "ngUk;ghd;ik" vDk; nrhw;gjkhdJ jkpo; Clfj;jpNy rpq;fsr; r%fj;ijg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jNt gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wJ. ,jpNy ngUk;ghd;ik vDk; ,iokhdj;jpNy gpd;dg;gl;Ls;s fUj;Jf;fspd; gy;tifikAk;> murpay; rpj;jhe;jq;fSk; gpujpgypg;gjpy;iy.
ePz;l fhykhfg; GiuNahbg; NghapUf;Fk; ,d Kuz;ghl;bd; jtph;f;f Kbahj tpisTfNs r%fq;fs; gw;wpa khwh epiyf; fUj;Jf;fSk;> r%fq;fis mtw;wpd; kdpj epiyapypUe;J Fiwg;gJkhFk;. ve;jnthU Fw;wr; nraypYk; re;Njfj;Jf;fplkhdtuhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w xU jkpoUf;F gaq;futhjp vd;fpd;w Kj;jpiu jhdhfNt Fj;jg;gl;L tpLk;. mNj Ntis xU rpq;fstUf;F re;Njfj;jpd; ed;ik toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jkpoh;> gaq;futhjp> vy;hphp< - vd;W xd;wpw;F xd;whf khw;wpg; gad;gLj;j Kbahj nrhw;fs; xNu nra;jp mwpf;ifapNy mbf;fb xd;whf ,izj;Jg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Ngr;R tof;Fg; ghq;Fk; Clfj;jpw;Fg; gpur;rpidfisf; nfhLf;fpd;wd. xU K];ypk; eghpid tpghpf;fTk; my;yJ jkpo; r%fq;fis tpghpf;fr; rpq;fs Clfq;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; nrhw;gjq;fs; (jk;gpah my;yJ kuf;fyah kw;Wk; njkyah vd;W KiwNa gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd) KO milahsf; FOf;fSk; khwh epiyf; fUj;Jf;fis toq;fTk;> mth;fisj; juf;Fiwthf miof;fTk; thh;j;ijfis El;gkpd;wpg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> (jkpo; r%fj;ijf; Fwpf;f "njkOd;" vdTk; K];ypk; r%fj;ijf; Fwpf;f "kuf;fyNah" vdTk;) murpay; fUj;Jf;fspd; Mjutpif; fPoWf;f mtw;wpidg; gf;fr;rhh;Gld; gad;gLj;JjYk;.
rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j eil eil eil eil eil ❍ m ❍ n f N ❍ G t v ❍ e
t n n ❍ g n n n
gj;jph ntspehl tplaq;fi RahjPdkh Ntz;Lk;. xw;Wikf;F mwpf;iff toq;fp m cjTfpd;w fpd;wdth KbAk;.
rpWth;fspd rpWth;fspd rpWth;fspd rpWth;fspd rpWth;fspd
rpWt Fwpg;ghf m mtrpakh Nrh;j;Jf; n ntspNaA ghypay; m
Clf Nehf;fpa cUtq;nf rpWth;fs; cyf rpWth;fi topfhl;l fUj;J f;fi flj;jy; fh ngw;Nwhh;f mf; fU gj;jphpifa
rpWt Kfq;fis fbdkhd my;yJ N my;yhj rhh;e;jth;f rpWth;fS Clfq;fs re;jh;g;gq; %ykhf r ghjpf;fg Vw;gLj;jg
J\;g cs;shd Fwpg;ghfN
19

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
w;gjw;Fk; ClfKk; z;Lk;. NaAkhd lNaahd
ffisg; pf;fpd;w hopahdJ ;Lfpd;wd. wpg;gpl;l ohkhfg; nkhopr;
;bd; fPo; fisAk;> hy;yTk; pthFk;.
k; rhh;e;j ; Vida ;iQaw;w mq;fkhf tpNrl ;jf; $ba> rhw;fspd;
murpay; ky;yhbf; j;JlDk;> l;gkhd kq;fis nkhopg; s; ,dg; k; ,d ghd;ik ghUe;Jk; rpq;fsg; yapidf; . ,jw;F lfj;jpNy Lfpd;wJ. ;gl;Ls;s q;fSk;
;ghl;bd; epiyf; pypUe;J aypYk; q;futhjp is xU . jkpoh;> d;gLj;j xd;whf
dfisf; J jkpo; w;gjq;fs; KiwNa h epiyf; of;fTk; f; Fwpf;f " vdTk;) ;wpidg;
rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j eilKiw eilKiw eilKiw eilKiw eilKiw tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; ❍ midj;J NtiyfSk; tpsk;guk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wdth? ❍ ngz;fis xU fij vt;thW ghjpf;Fk; vd;gij ePq;fs; fUj;jpw; nfhz;lJz;lh? ePq;fs; mth;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis Ntz;baJz;lh? ❍ Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l FOkq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpz;zg;gq;fs; tUtij Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLfpd;wjh? ❍ ePq;fs; xUtUf;F Neh;Kfg; ghPl;irf;Fr; re;jh;g;gk; toq;Ftjw;F Kd;Ng> mthpd; Ra tpguj; juTfisf; nfhz;L mth; gw;wp rpy tplaq;fis Cfpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wPh;fsh? ❍ gy;NtW ,d| fyhr;rhug; gpd;Gyj;ijAk; nkhopj; jpwidAk; nfhz;l gj;jphpifahsh;fshy; vt; Ntiyg;gug;G ed;ik ngwf; $Lk; vd;gij ePq;fs; vg;NghjhtJ fUj;jpw; nfhz;lJz;lh?
gj;jphpifahsh;fs; vd;[pX> kw;Wk; rkhjhdr; nraw;gLj;Jeh;fs;> ntspehl;L cjtp rk\;b thjk; kw;Wk; gutyhf;fk; Nghd;w tplaq;fis mwpf;ifapLk; NghJ mth;fspd; mwpf;ifapid RahjPdkhdJk; epGzj;JtkhdJkhd mZFKiwapy; kPs; ghprPypf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,tw;iw ,yq;ifapd; gpuhe;jpa ,iwikf;Fk;> cWjpf;Fk;> xw;Wikf;Fk; ghjfkhdit vdf; $Wfpd;w> czh;Tfisf; fpswptpLk; mwpf;ifffs; vkJ r%fj;jpw;F ek;gj;jFe;j tOtw;w jfty;fis toq;fp mjd; %yk; mth;fs; jkJ nrhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fis cUthf;f cjTfpd;w gj;jphpifj;Jiw rhh;e;j flg;ghl;bid epiwNtw;W- fpd;wdth vd;gijr; nra;jp miwf; fye;Jiuahly;fs; rhp ghh;f;f KbAk;.
rpWth;fspd; rpWth;fspd; rpWth;fspd; rpWth;fspd; rpWth;fspd; Fuy;fisf; Fuy;fisf; Fuy;fisf; Fuy;fisf; Fuy;fisf; Nfl;ly; Nfl;ly; Nfl;ly;
Nfl;ly; Nfl;ly; rpWth;fs; Ruz;lYf;Fs;shtJ Kuz;ghl;L #o;epiyapy; Fwpg;ghf mjpfkhf cs;sjdhy; tsh;e;jth;fs; mth;fisg; ghJfhg;gJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ. mjpfkhd rpWth;fs; gyte;jkhf rpWth; gilapy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdh;. mj;NjhL ehl;Lf;Fs;NsAk; ehl;Lf;F ntspNaAk; tpahghu njhopYf;fhf tpw;fg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. ,jpy; ghypay; mbik tpahghuKk; mlq;FfpwJ.
Clfq;fSf;fhf gzpGhpgth;fs; vd;w tifapYk;> rpWth;fis Nehf;fpa tsh;e;jth;fspd; eltbf;iffSf;F gyk; tha;e;j cUtq;nfhLg;gth;fs; vd;w tifapYk; Kuz;ghl;L #o;epiyapy; rpWth;fs; ghJfhg;gpy; ehk; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;Nwhk;.
cyfk; KOtjpYk; cs;s gj;jphpifahsh;fs; IFJ Clhf rpWth;fisg; gw;wpa mwpf;iffis tpLtjw;F xU rh;tNjr topfhl;ly; njhFjpapid Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. rpWth;fspd; fUj;J f;f is Njitf;N fw;w Kiwapy; khw;w hky; kw;W k; fhkj;j ufh;f s;> flj;jy; fhuh;fs;> NtiyfSf;F mkh;j;Jgth;fs;> J\;gpuNahfk; kpF ngw;Nwhh;fs; Nghd;wth;fSf;F rpWth;fisf; fhl;bf; nfhLf;fhky; mf; fUj;Jf;fis cs;slf;Ftjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid gj;jphpifahsh;fs; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.
rpWth;fspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLtjh my;yJ mth;fspd; Kfq;fis glq;fspy;> Gifg;glq;fspy; fhl;Ltjh vd;gJ kpfTk; fbdkhdnjhU tplakhf ,f;fpd;wJ. ,r; rpWth;fis fl;Gydhf my;yJ NtWtfiahf milahsk; fhz;gJ nghJ eyDf;fhf my;yhj rkaq;fspy; mth;fis mjpypUe;J Clf njhopy; rhh;e;jth;fs; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd IFJ topfhl;Ljy;fs; $Wfpd;wd. rpWth;fSf;F NkYk; jPq;Ffs; Vw;gLj;Jtijj; jtph;g;gNj Clfq;fspd; KjyhtJ flikahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjpfkhd re;jh;g;gq;fspNy Nkyjpf Mgj;J gpurpj;jpapid Vw;gLj;jp mjd; %ykhf rpWtuhd Nghh; tPuh;fisAk;> ghypay; J\;gpuNahfj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fisAk; milahsk; fhl;Ltjd; %yk; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
J\;gpuNahfj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l my;yJ kd mjph;r;rp tLtpw;F cs;shd rpWth;fis Neh;fhZtJ gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;Ff; Fwpg;ghfNt rthy; kpf;fJk;> kpFe;j ftdk; Njitg;gLfpd;w
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Page 20
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j eilKiw eilKiw eilKiw eilKiw eilKiw tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; 1. Mrphpah; Fohj;jpd; $l;lj;jpidf; $l;b mjpy; rk fhyj;jpy; ele;j rpy rk;gtq;fis> mtw;wpd; ghy;epiy> taJ kw;Wk; ,d mbg;gilapy; fye;JiuahlTk;. 2. nra;jpfspYk; Ma;Tf; fl;LiufspYk; ,dj;Jtk; vt;thW
ifahsg;gLfpd;wJ? 3. vj;jid jlitfspy; "gpur;rpid" vd ,dj;Jtk;
Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ? 4. Fw;wr; nray;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; khwh epiyf; fUj;Jf;fis tYg;gLj;Jfpd;wjh? (xU thuj;Jf;F vj;jid jlitfs; njhiyNgrp miog;Gf;fis nghyp]; epiyaj;Jf;F vLf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gij epUgh;fs; vj;jid jlitfs; r%f cWg;gpdh;fis nrd;W re;jpj;J tUfpd;whh;fs; vd;gJld; xg;gpLf) 5. r%fj;Jld; njhlh;gpidf; fl;bnaOg;g cWjpahd
Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk;.
xd;WkhFk;. tphptpsf;fkhd tpguq;fisj; J}z;b ntspaplr; nra;a Kaw;rpg;gjhdJ epfo;Tfisr; rpWth;fs; kPs; fw;gid nra;J ghh;f;fTk;> kPs mDgtpj;Jg; ghh;f;fTk; eph;g;ge;jpf;fyhk;. rpWth;fSld; Neh;fhziy elj;JtJ gyd;juf;$bajh vd;gijAk; kw;Wk; fijfis mwpf;ifapLtjw;F NtW topfs; ,y;iyah vd;gijAk; Kjyhtjhf ehk; Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
gy gy gy gy gy tifahd tifahd tifahd tifahd tifahd ghpNrhjidg; ghpNrhjidg; ghpNrhjidg; ghpNrhjidg; ghpNrhjidg; gl;bay; gl;bay; gl;bay;
gl;bay; gl;bay; gj;jphpif Mrphpah;fSf;Fk; epUgh;fSf;Fk; gy;tifikg; ghpNrhjidg; gl;bay; xd;iw "j rPly;]; ilk;];" cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,t; tpdhf;fs; mg; ghpNrhjidg; gl;baypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
gj;jphpif gj;jphpif gj;jphpif gj;jphpif gj;jphpif Mrphpah;fSf;fhd Mrphpah;fSf;fhd Mrphpah;fSf;fhd Mrphpah;fSf;fhd Mrphpah;fSf;fhd tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; tpdhf;fs; 1. rk;gtq;fis tifg;gLj;JtjpYk;> xg;gilfspYk;
gy;tifikf;F ehd; Kd;Dhpik toq;Ffpd;Nwdh? 2. gy;tif %yq;fisAk; rk;gtq;fisAk; Njbr; nry;y ehd;
epUgh;fSf;F NghJkhd msT mtfhrk; nfhLf;fpd;Nwdh? 3. %yq;fis tpUj;jp nra;aTk; gy;tif r%fq;fSf;fpilNa njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jTk; ehd; fhhpahyaj;ij tpl;L ntspr; nry;fpd;Nwdh?
epUgh;fSf;fhf epUgh;fSf;fhf epUgh;fSf;fhf epUgh;fSf;fhf epUgh;fSf;fhf 1. vkJ r%fj;jpy; cs;s gy;NtW ,d rdj;njhifapy; cs;s kf;fis ehd; cs;slf;Fk; epWtdq;fspd; eltbf;iffs; vt;thW ghjpf;Fk; vd;gij fz;L gpbf;f ehd; Kaw;rp nra;fpd;Nwdh? 2. epWtdj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%f cWg;gpdh;fspd; rk;gtq;fis
ehd; Njbr; nry;fpd;Nwdh? 3. ehd; vt;thW nra;jpf;fhd vz;zf; fUf;fisAk;> Nfhzq;fisAk;> ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; kf;fisAk;> ,lq;fisAk; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fisAk; tphpTgLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;? 4. njhlh;GfSf;Fk; %yq;fSf;Fkhd vd; nrhe;jg; gl;baiy ehd;
vt;thW tphpTgLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;?
6. epU
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20

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
r; nra;a nra;J h;fSld; ; kw;Wk; ;gijAk;
ifikg; ;fpAs;sJ. ; ,Ue;J
fspYk;
y;y ehd; ;Nwdh? ;fpilNa ntspr;
py; cs;s ; vt;thW ;Nwdh? tq;fis
isAk;> ;fisAk; k;? iy ehd; fhyj;jpy; J kw;Wk;
6. epUgh;fshf ntspNa nrd;W r%f cWg;gpdh;fis re;jpf;f
Cf;fg;gLj;jTk;. 7. ,yf;F itf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU MNyhridf;
FOit cq;fshy; mikf;f KbAkh vd ghUq;fs;. ; vt;thW
8. xUtUf;F tpUe;jpdh; gj;jp toq;fTk;.
j;Jtk;
9. njhiyf; fhl;rpapy; my;yJ gj;jphpiffspy; ePq;fs; cgNahfpf;Fk; glq;fisg; ghUq;fs;. mit cq;fsJ
j;Jf;fis litfs; aj;Jf;F fs; r%f d;gJld;
r%fj;jpd; rkepiyia gpujpgypf;fpd;wjh? xU tplaj;jpy; my;yJ nra;jpawpf;ifapy; Njhd;Wgth;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia fzf;fplTk;. mJ r%fj;jpd; xU epahakhd gpujpgypg;gh? 10. Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l r%fq;fSf;fpilapy; cq;fspd;
njhlh;gpid mjpfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Wjpahd
11. mjpfkhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;s epUgh;fis mth;fsJ njhlh;Gfis nghJj; jsj;jpy; Mf;Fk; gbAk; fUj;Jf;fis %isg; gputhfk; nra;Ak; gbAk; NfSq;fs;.
rk;gtk; rk;gtk; rk;gtk; rk;gtk; rk;gtk; xd;iwg; xd;iwg; xd;iwg; xd;iwg; xd;iwg; gw;wp gw;wp gw;wp gw;wp gw;wp 1. ,r; rk;gtj;jpid gy;tif %yq;fis ehd; NjbNddh? 2. gy;tifikia cs;slf;Ftjw;fhd vdJ Kaw;rpfis kl;Lg;gLj;j vdJ Kd;Gidthd fUj;Jf;fis mDkjpj;Njdh? 3. xU r%fj;jpidg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;F xU eghpid kl;Lk; mDkjpf;fpd;wjhd Nlhfd; Kiwapid ehd; gad;gLj;Jfpd;Nwdh> my;yJ ehd; cz;ikahd gy;tifikapid NjLfpd;Nwdh? 4. gy;tifikapid ehd; NjLk; nghOJ ehd; khwhepiyf; fUj;Jf;fis ehd; ,d;Dk; kpifg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwdh my;yJ mjw;nfjpuhf NghuhLfpd;Nwdh? 5. ehd; cz;ikfisf; fhz;gJ NghyNt $Wfpd;Nwdh? 6. gpuRhpf;fg;gLtjhy; rhj;jpakhd vjph;tpisTfs; ahJ? ahh;
ghjpf;fg;gLthh;fs;? ahh; ed;ikailthh;fs;? 7. vdJ jPh;khdq;fisg; gw;wp rthy; tpLk; vtUf;Fk; epahak; fhl;b thjplhky;> njspthfTk; Neh;ikahd KiwapYk; vd;dhy; tpghpf;f KbAkh?
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Neubahfg; ngWjy;
rpwe;j gj;jphpifj; Jiwapy; mjd; mDgtj;jpd; Neh;j;jpAk; nrOikAk; gpujpgypf;Fk;. rhjhuz kf;fspd; tho;f;if gw;wpa fijfis mth;fs; thOk; topfis> mth;fspd; mr;rq;fis> mth;fspd; vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fis> mth;fspd; ntw;wpfis> mth;fspd; mopTfisr; nrhy;y cjTfpd;w Neubahd %yq;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yk; kl;LNk ,J rhj;jpakhFk;. nra;jp miwapNy murhq;fj;jpd; nra;jpg; gphptpdhy; ntspaplg;gLk; cj;jpNahfg+h;tkhd nra;jpfSf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;Fk; gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;F ,r; nrOik czh;Nth> mDgtNkh tuhJ.
kf;fspd; mDgtq;fisg; gw;wpa tplaq;fisj; Njb> Nfl;L> mikj mwpf;ifapLtjid Nehf;fp xU mbg;gil khw;wk; gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;Fk; Clf epWtdq;fSf;Fk; epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,jd; mh;j;jkhFk;. Clf epWtdq;fisg; nghWj;j mstpNy> nra;jp vq;NfapUf;fpd;wNjh mq;Nf gj;jphpifahsh;fisg; ngWtjw;fhd tsq;fisg; NghLtijNa ,J mh;j;jg;gLj;Jk;.
kf;fs; tho;f;iff;fhd rpwe;j topfisNa NjLfpwhh;fs;.
ngz;fs ngz;fs ngz;fs ngz;fs ngz;fs Nghuhspf Nghuhspf Nghuhspf Nghuhspf Nghuhspf tsq;fisg; gfph;tjw;fhd epahakhd top tiffisj; NjLfpd;whh;fs;> jq;fsJ ,Ug;gpw;fhd rpwe;j rl;lfj;jpidj; NjLfpd;whh;fs;. gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jkJ mwpf;ifaply; kw;Wk; tplaq;fis ntspaply; kf;fspd; mDgtq;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fspd; vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpD}lhf ,r; rl;lfj;jpw;fhd fz;L gpbg;Gf;fs; xU gFjpahfyhk;.
tiyaik gad;gLj tOtpd;i rk;gtk; e kf;fsplk jq;fsJ fijfspy; mjpf Fuy;fis Ntz;Lfpd;w
vg;NghJ gj;jphpifahsh;fs; tsq;fspd; tq;fpapid tpUj;jp nra;a Muk;gpf;f
tje;jpfs Ntz;Lk;. Rthu\;akhd kdpjh;fSldhd xt;nthU njhlh;Gk;
,l;Lr; nr murhq;f %yq;fSf;F mg;ghy; cq;fsJ %yg; gl;baiy tphpTgLj;Jfpd;w tha;g;ghf cUthf Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mur %yq;fNs
rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j eil eil eil eil eil gy jrhg;j fhyq;fshf nra;jp epUgh;fspd; gpujhd %ykhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. ePq;fs; toikahd nra;jpf;F tpj;jpahrkhd xU fz;Nzhl;lj;jpidg; ngw itj;jpah;fisAk;> rlj;juzpfisAk;> fy;tpapayhsh;fisAk;> r%fj; jiyth;fisAk; cs;slf;f Ntz;Lk;.
❍ cq;f cq cq %y gy; - nkhopfisf; nfhz;l> gy; - ,dq;fisf; nfhz;l r%fj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf ,Ug;gJ vd;gJ> Vida r%fq;fspy; cq;fSf;F ek;gj;jFe;j %yq;fs; Njit vd;gjd; mh;j;jNk MFk;.
❍ gy fU ,d rpwe;j gj;jphpifahsh;fs; gy;tifik kpF %yq;fspd; kpfg; gue;j
nj
Vida Vida Vida Vida Vida FOf;fisr; FOf;fisr; FOf;fisr; FOf;fisr; FOf;fisr; Nrh;e;j Nrh;e;j Nrh;e;j Nrh;e;j Nrh;e;j kf;fis kf;fis kf;fis kf;fis kf;fis Neh;fhZtJ Neh;fhZtJ Neh;fhZtJ Neh;fhZtJ Neh;fhZtJ gw gw gw gw gw gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;fhf ,e;j cjtpf; Fwpg;Gfis Clfg;
❍ mth gy;tifik epWTdk; IFJ Ald; ,ize;J jahhpj;Js;sJ.
mth ❍ $Uzh;T kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rpe;jid kpf;ftuhfTk; ,Uf;fTk; - kf;fs; gj;jphpifahsh; xUtUld; NgRtijapl;L mr;rk; nfhz;bUf;fyhk; vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs; - mth;fisr;
cq;fi jhd; nfhz nrsfhpakhd epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L thUq;fs;.
❍ mth ❍ Neh;fhzYf;F mth;fs; tpjpf;Fk; ve;j epge;jidfisAk; Ghpe;J nfhz;L mjw;F kjpg;gspf;fTk;. mth;fspd; ngahpidg; gad;gLj;Jtij mth;fs; nghUl;gLj;Jfpd;whh;fsh ,y;iyah
gf;fr nfhz jahhp vd;gijj; njspTgLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
❍ cq;fs ❍ vq;Nf Neh;fhz;gJ vd;gJ gw;wp cq;fSf;F VjhtJ njhpT ,Ug;gpd;> mth;fSf;Fr; nrsfhpakhd xU ,lj;ijj; jPh;khdpf;fTk;. mth;fspd; nrhe;jr; #oYk; mth;fspd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpidg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s cq;fSf;F cjtyhk;. ❍ mth;fspd; fijfis mth;fspd; nrhe;j Kiwapy; cq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;y mDkjpAq;fs;. mth;fs; Ie;J my;yJ 10 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G vd;d ele;jJ vd;W $wp Muk;gpf;fj; njhlq;Fk; NghJ mJ cq;fSf;Fj; Njitaw;wJ Nghy; Njhd;wpdhYk; mth;fisf; $w tpLq;fs;. ❍ nefpo;Tj; jd;ikAld; ,Uq;fs;. Neufhyj;Jld; Nfs;tpfspd; gl;baiyj; jahhpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mdhy; mij xU nghJ topfhl;Ljyhf kl;LNk gad;gLj;jTk;. ePq;fs; cq;fsJ Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;ifapNy> mth;fs; $Wtijf; ftdkhfr; nrtpkLq;fs;. vdNt Vida mZFKiwfSf;F ePq;fs; jahuhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
xU tpQ;Q tho;f mth itf itg ❍ ciua ahiu NfS %yq ,J , ❍ mid
gad ePq;fs fUi
rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
21

;j ;j ;j ;j ;j kf;fis kf;fis kf;fis kf;fis kf;fis Neh;fhZtJ Neh;fhZtJ Neh;fhZtJ Neh;fhZtJ Neh;fhZtJ gw;wpa gw;wpa gw;wpa gw;wpa gw;wpa rpW rpW rpW rpW rpW cjtpf; cjtpf; cjtpf; cjtpf; cjtpf; Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; Clfg;
❍ mth;fsJ tho;f;ifia vt;thW tho Ntz;Lk; vd .
mth;fSF;Fg; Nghjpf;f Ntz;lhk;. mth;fsJ #o;epiyia Uf;fTk; mr;rk; th;fisr;
cq;fis tpl mth;fs; ed;F Ghpe;J nfhs;fpd;whh;fs;. mjdhw; jhd; mth;fis Neh; fhz;gjpy; ePq;fs; Mh;tk; nfhz;Ls;sPh;fs;. ❍ mth;fSf;F chpj;jhd rpWghd;ikapidg; gw;wp ePq;fs; VjhtJ k; Ghpe;J ahpidg; y;iyah
gf;fr;rhh;G my;yJ jg;ngz;zk; nfhz;bUe;jhy; mij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> mth;fis Neh;fhZk; NghJk;> cq;fsJ fijiaj; jahhpf;Fk; NghJk; mtw;iw xJf;fp itAq;fs;. ❍ cq;fs; %yq;fs; epGzh;fs; vd;gij epidtpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;. J njhpT lj;ijj; th;fspd;
tyhk;. ;fSf;Fr; q;fSf;F k; NghJ wpdhYk;
xU epGzh; vd;gth; ntWk; itj;jpaNuh my;yJ tpQ;QhdpNah my;y. cq;fsJ %yq;fs; mth;fsJ nrhe;j tho;f;if gw;wpa epGzh;fs; Mthh;fs;. mth;fis cq;fSf;F mth;fspd; tho;f;ifiaAk; mDgtj;ijAk; gw;wp tpghpf;f itf;f Ntz;Lk;. mij cq;fsJ thrfh;fSf;F xj;jp itg;gNj cq;fsJ flikahFk;. ❍ ciuahlypd; KbtpdpNy> Neh;fhzg;gLk; Mh;tKila NtW ahiuahtJ mth;fSf;Fj; njhpAkh vd mth;fsplk; NfSq;fs;. ,jw;F my;yJ vjph;fhyf; fl;LiufSf;F Vida
;tpfspd; U nghJ cq;fsJ tdkhfr; ePq;fs;
%yq;fisf; fz;L gpbg;gjw;fhd xU Kf;fpakhd Kiwahf ,J ,Uf;fyhk;. ❍ midj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf> ePq;fs; jftiy vt;thW gad;gLj;Jfpd;wPh;fs; vd;gijapl;Lf; ftdkhf ,Uq;fs;. ePq;fs; mth;fisg; gw;wp vOJk; NghJ ftdkhfTk;> fUizAlDk; nraw;gLq;fs;.
; ; > >
; ;
;
>
;
;
ngz;fs; ngz;fs; ngz;fs; ngz;fs; ngz;fs; Aj;jj;jpd; Aj;jj;jpd; Aj;jj;jpd; Aj;jj;jpd; Aj;jj;jpd; ,iufshthh;fs;..... ,iufshthh;fs;..... ,iufshthh;fs;..... ,iufshthh;fs;..... ,iufshthh;fs;..... Mdhy; Mdhy; Mdhy; Mdhy; Mdhy; mth;fs; mth;fs; mth;fs; mth;fs; mth;fs; pwhh;fs;. Nghuhspfisg; Nghuhspfisg; Nghuhspfisg; Nghuhspfisg; Nghuhspfisg; Nghy; Nghy; Nghy; Nghy; Nghy; tpj;jpahrkhditfSf;F tpj;jpahrkhditfSf;F tpj;jpahrkhditfSf;F tpj;jpahrkhditfSf;F tpj;jpahrkhditfSf;F tpUg;gKilath;fs;. tpUg;gKilath;fs;. tpUg;gKilath;fs;. tpUg;gKilath;fs;. tpUg;gKilath;fs;. ffisj; j;jpidj;
tiyaikg;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;shh;fs;. gy %yq;fspd; tPr;rpidAk;
; pbg;Gf;fs; th;fspd; kw;Wk;
gad;gLj;Jtjhy; tOtpd;ikf;fhfr; rk;gtk; eilngw;w rhpghh;f;ff; Vw;gLk; ,lj;jpy; $bajhf ,d;DnkhU cz;ikahfNt ,Ug;gjhFk;. ed;ik> gpurd;dkhfpapUe;j epfo;T jfty;fis my;yJ
kf;fsplkpUe;J ngwg;gLk; %yq;fs; mjhtJ Neubahd %yq;fs; ;Lfpd;w
vg;NghJk; tpUk;gj;jf;fitahFk;. Neubaw;w %yq;fspd; uk;gpf;f
tje;jpfspYk;> Cfq;fspYk; jq;fpapUg;gJ tOthd nra;jpfSf;Nf jhlh;Gk;
,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. l;baiy yq;fNs
rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j eilKiwf; eilKiwf; eilKiwf; eilKiwf; eilKiwf; Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; Fwpg;Gfs; f ,Ue;J hd xU pfisAk;> tz;Lk;.
❍ cq;fsJ %yq;fspd; gl;baiyj; njhFf;fTk;> mg;gl;baiy cq;fspd; rfghbfSld; gfpuTk;. xU epUgh; vd;w hPjpapNy cq;fsJ gzp Kd;Nd nry;yr; nry;y> gl;baYf;Fg;Gjpa %yq;fisr; Nrhj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uq;fs;. nfhz;l fq;fspy; k MFk;.
❍ gy;NtW tpjkhd tplaq;fs; gw;wp mjpfhug+h;tkhd fUj;Jf;fis toq;ff; $ba Vida kjq;fisAk;> ,dq;fisAk; rhh;e;j Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fs; kj;jpapy; pfg; gue;j
njhlh;Gfis cUthf;FtjpYk; ftdk; nrYj;jTk;.
;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
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rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
Kuz;ghL mwpf;ifaplYf;fhd IFJ topfhl;Ljy;fs;
,yq;ifapYs;s ClfkhdJ> Kuz;ghl;bidj; jzpg;gjw;Fk;>
$Uzh;T$Uzh;T$Uzh;T$Uzh;T$Uzh;T murpay; ];jpuj;jd;ik kw;Wk; kdpj chpikf;fhd nfsutk; vd;gtw;iw mjpfhpg;gjw;Fkhd Mw;wiyf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tUlf;fzf;fpy; epytp tUk; murpay; kw;Wk; r%f mikjpapd;ikAld; 2004k; Mz;bd; Rdhkpapd; ehrk; kpF jhf;fq;fSk; Nrh;e;J Kd;ndg;nghOJK; ,y;yhj xU Kf;fpakhd ghj;jpuj;jpid Clfq;fs; tfpf;f Ntz;ba epiyia cUthf;fpapUf;fpd;wd. gpd;tUk; topfhl;Ljy;fs;> cyfk; KOtJk; Kuz;ghl;Lr; #oypy; gzpahw;Wk; gj;jphpifahsh;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l topfhl;Ljy;fis xd;wpizj;Js;sJ. ,t; topfhl;Ljy;fs; ,q;Nf fUj;jpw; nfhs;tjw;fhfNt toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Nji vd;gtw;i ,Uf;fpd;w my;yJ G Nghy; Nj FOkq;fS tpisit VjhtJ g Ntz;Lk;. vjph; tpi cz;ik cz;ik cz;ik cz;ik cz;ik rhh;e;j rhh;e;j rhh;e;j rhh;e;j rhh;e;j tOtpd;ik tOtpd;ik tOtpd;ik
tOtpd;ik tOtpd;ik ePq;fs; v cs;slf;f gy;tifahdJk;> ek;gfj;jFe;jJkhd jfty; %yq;fspd; tq;fp
tpLq;fs;. xd;wpid cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; tOtpd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Vw;gLj;jh ,J gj;jphpifahsh;fs; jfty;fis tpiuthfr; Nrfhpf;fTk; rhp
tpsf;fg; g ghh;f;fTk; mDkjpf;Fk;. ,yq;ifg; gj;jphpifahsh;fspd; mDgtk; kw;Wk; kdg;ghq;F gw;wp mwpa IFJ apdhy; elj;jg;gl;l fzpg;gPL> tUtpd;ikf;fhff; FWf;Fg; ghpNrhjid nra;jypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidr; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sJ. ve;j %yj;jplkpUe;Jk; Kfg; ngWkjpf;fhf mwpf;iffis Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. cj;jpNahg+h;t %yq;fs; $lj; jtwhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
mj;Jld; Neubahd kw;Wk; Neubaw;w jfty;fSf;fpilapy; njspthfg; Ngjk; fhZq;fs;. nra;jp miwapDs; gue;j tPr;rpyhd nkhopg; gpd;Gyj;ijf; nfhz;l gj;jphpifahsh;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJ nkhopj;jilfis cilj;J gue;j tPr;rpyhd %yq;fisr; nrd;wila top nra;Ak;.
#oikT#oikT#oikT#oikT#oikT epfo #o;epiyg thrfh;fS fhl;rpiaA ,og;gJ rk;ge;jg;  mij ,aYkhd msT tpiuthf
#oikth Vw;Wf; nfhz;L rhp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
nfhs;ti cWjpg;gL rkepiyrkepiyrkepiyrkepiyrkepiy
gj;jphpif
Kuz;ghl;Lr; #o; epiyfs; njspthdit my;y. vdNt rk;ge;jg;gl;l rfy jug;gpduJk; fUj;jf;fisAk; ghprPypj;J mth;fspd;
gpujpgypf nghWg;GnghWg;GnghWg;GnghWg;GnghWg;G fz;Nzhl;lq;fis cs;slf;fTk;. rpwe;j gj;jphpifj; Jiwapy; mjd;
cah; mDgtj;jpd; Neh;j;jpAk;> nrOikAk; gpujpgypf;Fk;. rhjhuz kf;fspd;
Kuz;ghl tho;f;if gw;wpa fijfis> mth;fs; thOk; topfis> mth;fspd;
mjpfhpf;ff mr;rq;fis> mth;fspd; vjph;ghh;g;Gfis> mth;fspd; ntw;wpfis>
jpwd; Nkw mth;fspd; mopTfisr; nrhy;y cjTfpd;w Neubahd %yq;fis
mwpf;ifa mgptpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yk; kl;LNk ,J rhj;jpakhFk;.
Fwpg;gpl;l cj;jpNahfg+h;t vy;iyf;F mg;ghy; nry;tJk; mDgtk; rhh;e;j
cs;slf;f juTfSk; gj;jphpifahsh;fSf;fhd Kf;fpakhd gzpahFk;. fijapd;
ghjpf;Fk; kdpjg; gf;fj;ij ntspapLtJ thrfh;fspd; ftdj;ij
Clfkhd fl;Lg;gLj;JtNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ xU tplak; epfo;tijf; if fl;bg;
nra;tJ> ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fhky; mjpNy mth;fis  Kuz;ghl;bd; cz;ikahd fhuzk; cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAkh vd cq;fis ePq;fNs Nfl;fpd;wPh;fsh? 2. cq;fSila nra;jp epWtdk; xU nra;jpapd; midj;Jg; gf;fq;fisAk; gw;wp fpukkhf mwpf;if ,Lfpd;wjh? my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhu epiyg;ghl;bNyNa gpujhdkhfj; jq;fpapUf;fpd;wjh? 3. xUthpd; ,dj;Jtj;ijg; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLtJ vg;nghOJ nghUj;jkhdJ vd;gij vt;thW ehq;fs; jPh;khdpg;gJ? 4. Fw;wr; nray;fspNy Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;Ls;s my;yJ jz;bf;fg;gl;Ls;s kf;fspd; ,d %yq;fisg; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLtJ gw;wpa cq;fsJ nra;jp epWtdj;jpd; my;yJ xypgug;G epiyaj;jpd; nfhs;if vd;d? 5. Fw;wr; nray;fs; my;yJ gjl;l epiyfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F fhuzkhd Vida fhuzpfisg; gw;wp chpa Kiwapy; tprhhpf;fhky; vj;jid jlitfs; ,dg; gjw;wj;jpd; kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gLfpd;wJ?
6. Vid vt;t 7. Fw;wr fhuz tprhh Rkj;j 8. Vid vt;t 9. ,df
nray tpla vg;ng toq 10. cq;fs my;y nts ,dj fhzg
22

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
;fhd IFJ topfhl;Ljy;fs;
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Aj;jk; kw;Wk; rkhjhdk; njhlh;ghf mwpf;ifapLk; epWtdk; yz;lid ikakhff; nfhz;L ,aq;FfpwJ. ,jd; mYtyfq;fs; njd; fpof;F INuhg;gh kw;Wk; Mrpahtpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,J rkdpiy kpf;fJk;
xU jh;k] Mjutspf nghWg;Gf; Nghd;wtw
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ghpe;Jiuj gj;jphpifj;Jiwia tYg;gLj;Jtij njhdpg;
gpujhd Ne nghUshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. www.iwpr.net
Muha;r;rp
If;fpa mnkhpf;fhit ikakhff; nfhz;L ,aq;Fk; nghapd;lh; nghapd;lh; nghapd;lh; nghapd;lh; nghapd;lh; epWtdkhdJ epWtdkhdJ epWtdkhdJ epWtdkhdJ epWtdkhdJ gapw;rpapd; %ykhfTk;
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www.poynter.org
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kw;Wk; rh;tNjr nra;jpfs; njhlh;ghd tplaq;fspy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfs; gw;wpa tplaq;fs;
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nldp]; rh;tNjr Clf cjtp mikg;ghdJ cjtpfisAk; xj;jhirfisAk; Clfq;fSf;F
w;Wik) fis
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;gLj;jf; s;>
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ifapy;>
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Kuz;ghl;Lj; jPh;TfSf;fhd khw;Wf; nfhs;iffis ghpe;Jiuj;jy;> mtw;iw gug;Gjy; Nghd;wd ,jd; pg;
gpujhd Nehf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. ghhpa Muha;r;rp Mf;ff; $Wfs; %ykhf rhpahd>
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rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd ghijapy; Kuz;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,
International Federation of Journalists President: Christopahrerre nW General SecretaAriyd:a n White
IFJ Headquarters International Federation of Journalists Residence Palace, Block C 155 Rue de la Loi B-1040 Brussels Belgium Telephone: +32 2 235 22 00 Telefax: +32 2 235 22 19 E-Mail: ifj@ifj.org W ebsite: w.wiwfj.org
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IFJ Sri Lanka Office c/- CP A 24/2, 28th Lanef ,F lOofwer Ro Colombo 07 Sri Lanka. Telephone: +914 41714460 Fax: +941- 12565304/6 Email: ifjsrilanka@cpalanka.org
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25

;ghl;bidg; gw;wpAk; ,dg; gy;tifikiag; gw;wpAk; mwpf;ifaply;
EasAts ia Office
IFJ Africa si Jurnalis Independen (AJI)
17, Boulevard de la R publique, Poso No. 29
BP 21 722 Dakar S n gal n Hilir Pusat 10210 a
e: +62 21 579 00 489
Telephone: +221 842 01 42/ 842 01 41 Fax: +221 842 02 69 Email: fijafrica@sentoo.sn W ebsite: http:/./iwfwjwafrique.org 21 571 10 63 jiicoef@aji-indones.iiad. iat_aji@yahoo.com
oorr
IFJ Europe (EFJ/IFJ) Residence Palace Rue de la Loi 155
anka Office
B-1040 Brussels Belgium
th Lanef ,F lOofwer Road 07 Sri Lanka.
e: +914 41714460
Telephone: +32 2 235 22 02 Telefax: +32 2 235 22 19 E-Mail: efj@ifj.org
1- 12565304/6 jsrilanka@cpalanka.org
IFJ LatiAnm erica c/- SNTP Casa Nacional de Periodistas
ding 203 nami 4-2-12 KuT,o kyo
Oficina 3, piAsloa 2, B AvenidaA ndres Bello, entre Las Palmas y La Salle Caracas V enezuela 02-0074
Telephone: +58 212 793 19 96 e/eTlefax: +81 3 3239 4055
Telefax: +58 212 793 28 83 j-tokyo@triton.ocn.ne.jp
E-Mail: sntp@reacciun.ve
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