கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Tamil Times 1984.04

Page 1
Tanni
TM:
TAMILTIMES WOILII No. 6 April 1984 Price 65p
ANNUAL SUESCRIPTION
UK India/Sri Lanka...............7.50
LL LLL LLLLLLLLLS KLLL LLL
PublishEO monthly by TAMIL TIMES LTD
P.O. EBOX 304
LOIOOn M13 9ON United Kingdom
CONTENTS
Editorial...........................
Falsehood in Sri Lanka.............3
The Tamil Cause: Exclu SWE interWiew With David Selbourne ... 4
Lankan Army on
ShootiпgSpreе.......... 5
Attack on Sinhala School............ 6
Youth Militancy ......................... O
Special Focus........................... 12
From the Press.................. ,.1置
Attack on Judiciary................... 18
Facing the Challenge..............20
NeWS ifrorTn Sri Lanka............... 23.
Wie:WS expressed by contributors are Tot necessarily those of the Editor for the publishers.
Printed By Astmoor Lithio (ITU) Ltd, 21-22 Arkwright Road, Runcorn, Cheshire,
JAFFNA DIST
GO
A
The Jaffna district is with four thousand Ir forces TLInning amok ranage against Tamil andarson on a massivo Jaffna have never be tained and concer tra Scores of Inen and fatal victims of the power from the deal Lankan armed forces erties, including shop: ling stations and vehic have been set ablaze,
Several hundreds arrested and their known. It is feared WOuld hawe been ki|| disposed of under the security forces to dis without the need to h Although the Inail a trocities is in the nor Jaffna, other Tamild Trincomalce, Wawuniy suffer their share oft security forces.
The present way, reacheda new high si of Mir Lalith Athulah National Security on
Ewa Cuation
The evacuation of from the Jaffna dist reason in mid-Marc signal for the latest against the Tamil peo
Оп the pretext Imeasures against "Tt ernment and its se declared a virtual wi Tamil population. Jaf CL off from he rest Services to and from C uniya, 60 miles from
 

APRIL 1984
RICT UNDER MILITARY SEGE
WT. DECLARES WAR AGAINST TAMILS
under Inilitary siege oops of the Sri Lanka on a daily mission of s committing Inurder escale. The people of fare faced such susled violence. women have becoille : indiscrimina Le firc rh Squads of the Sri i. Hundreds of propS, ch Lirches, pctroll fil:les of all descriptions
of Tamils have been whereabouts are not that many of them led and their bodies : powers given to the pose of dead bodies | We än inquest. In thrust of military hern Tarimildistrict of ominated Iowns like 'a and Batticaloa also hic violence from the
of atrocities has Ince the appointment ITILIdali a s Minister of March 23.
Sinhalese residents rict for no apparent h was the climinous round of atrocities ple, of taking counter. arrorists', the gay'curity forces have ir upon the civilian final district has bec of the country. Rail alombo stop at WavJaffna town,
Communications with the rest of the country have been severed almost totally. A naval blockade has been imposed covering the entire sea front of the northern province. Fishermen have been prevented from going to the sea. There is an accute shortage of food and other essential consu IIncritems including kerosine and petrol.
In addition to the reign of terror by the sccurity forces, the government would appear to have decided on starving the Tamil people into submission.
Death squads
Four thousand troops of the Sri Lankan combined forces of the army, navy and air forces move around menacingly in armoured carriers with machine-guns wreaking death and destruction daily, No civilian ventures out even to buy essential food itens for fear of becoming a fatal victim at the hands of the Inarauding death squads of the Sri Lankan army. The curfew imposed on Jaffna has allowed the military death squads to carry out their mission of murder mayhem and arson without fear of being identified,
The state-controlled media and the government have completely suppressed any news about the atrocities by the security forces. Garbled and very often totally false reports about "shoot-outs' and battles' with "terrorists' are being published in the Inedia.
No foreign reporters or observers are allowed to go to the Tamil areas and falsified accounts are being fed to the foreign media through Defence Ministry spokesmen, so much so that the reports that appear in the international media have given a picture of 'ar Iny battles with separatist guerrillas'. However, the ages and sex of victims of indiscriminate and senseless killings by Jayawardene's death squads give the lie to the fraudulent claim of battles with separatist guerrillas',

Page 2
2 TAMIL TIMES
BURNING & KILLING
The latest round of government sponsored pogrom against the Tamils of Sri Lanka, particularly in the Jaffna district, continues unabated. So far, over 150 people have been killed, several more were injured and hundreds of properties set ablaze by the death squads of the Sri Lankan army.
Buying time on the pretext of the so-called Round Table Talks, the government had planned the latest attack upon the Tamil people.ltis adiabolica lieto saythat the action of the security forces was directed against "terrorists' or in retaliation to "terrorist actions'.
As a prelude to the current offensive, the Jaffna district was placed under military rule under Brigadier Nalin Seneviratne, the brother of Ana Seneviratne who as Deputy Inspector General of Police supervised and presided over the burning of Jaffna in August 1977.
The Tamil Government Agent of Jaffna, Mr D. Nesiah, was replaced by Mr Camilius Fer, mando who as Government Agent presided over the burning and sacking of Trincomalee in July 1983. In mid-March the Sinhalese residents of Jaffna were evacuated on government orders for no apparent reason although none of them had been harmed in any way. Additional military men, including naval and air force perSonnel, were transported to Jaffna about the same time.
Postponed
The so-called Round Table Talks were unaccountably postponed by President Jayawardene despite the objections from the Tamil representatives. Curiously enough, the spokesman for the Round Table Talks, Mr Lalith Athulathmudali, was appointed Minister of National Security on March 23.
The first act of the Minister after his appointment was to visit the Buddhist Mahanayakes of the Malwatte and Asgriya Chapters in
Kandy and rece sings to "wipe rorism'. With thei proceeded to Jaf ted the death sq Lankan troops, "Y did job in 1971; Occasion and do “Tamil terrorism”
The reference the mass murder Sinhalese youths pected of beir belonging to the ukthi Peramuna (
Defence
Within days, th rayas" (Sinhala he Lankan army had unarmed defenc including womer They had burnt erties and vehi specially trained warfare in Malays countries includi unable to track do the 'Sinhala V revenge upon i civilians and thei
“Ki and burn” is slogan. Any T. Woman, old or y matter. He or she sacred to protect' ismʼ. Sri Lanka iS Sinhala-Buddhi
Ta nn i s a re slaughtered
The Great and N he is alive today, disown the so-ca of the Sri Lanka burn and ki Buddhism'. He V forefront to clean Sangha (clergy) desecrate the ho and give their ble and ki in the nam
Many a tamil ki on the country' ancient times up of Kandy, S. Rajasinghe, had i service for the
 

APRIL 1984
'O SAVE BUDDHSM
ive their blesOut. Tamil terir blessings, he fna and exhoruads of the Sri 'ou did a splennow rise to the it again to end
to 1971 was to ' of over 15,000 Who Were susng "terrorists' } Janatha WinnJVP).
eSS
e “Sinhala Veeroes) of the Sri
kiled Over 150 eless civilians, and children. scores of propcles. Although in anti-guerrilla sia and Western ng Britain and wn the Tigers', eerayas’ take nnocent Tami
r property.
Stheir operative amil, man or Oung, does not should be mas'Sinhala Buddh, the land of the StS and the here to be
loble Buddha, if Would be first to alled Buddhists an variety who to 'safeguard would be in the Se the Buddhist of those who ly yellow robes essings to burn le of Buddhism. ing who had sat S throne from to the last king ri Wickrema done enormous protection of
Buddhism. It Was Sir Ponnampalam Ramanathan who spearheaded the Buddhist Temporalities Ordinance and played a prominent role in setting up the Buddhist Theosophical Society during British times.
When the Sinhalese were becoming mesmerised with western civilisation and the English language, it was Ramanathan who, on September 3, 1904, in the much acclaimed speech at Ananda College, chastised the “de nation a lised Sinha es e gentlemen' and asked, "If Sinhalese lips will not speakthe Sinhalese language, Who elseis thereto speak it? . . . How is a nation to be lifted out of error, reformed and advanced into plains of higher knowledge except by its own language?"
The threat to the Sinhalese or Buddhists comes not from the Tamils. The real threat to the Sinhalese, and for that matter to the whole country, comes from those foreign powers who have military designs particularly in Trincomalee and from their lackeys within the country who advocate "defence and friendship расts”.
The real threat to Buddhism Comes not from the Tamils, but from the intolerance, oppression and violence that pervade and permeate Sri Lankan society. It Was the famous Sin halaBuddhist scholar, Dr E. W. Addikaram, who said:
"The Buddhists who get worked up over real or imaginary wrong-doings of others are injuring themselves first. They are also creating an oppressive atmosphere which is not conducive to any spiritual growth. A person with even a little sensitiveness can feel this oppressive atmosphere in Sri Lanka today.
“if Buddhism is love and Compassion, who in this world can touch it, let alone destroy it? But if Buddhism is merely an empty shell devoid of the essence of love, the earlier it disappears the better it is for the World.'

Page 3
APRIL 1984
THE ENTHRONEME IN SRI LANKA
In their fight against Sinhala state terrorism and state oppression of Tamil people, the Tamil youth militants have killed policemen, soldiers, air force men, collaborators, spies, informers, and other "anti-social elements'. But I would rather think that the biggest damage they have done is to make Sinhala politicians and Sinhala newspapermen turn into a pack of liars
If one were to trace the genesis of barefaced public lying in Sri Lanka, one will find that public lying became acceptable and got institutionalised as a result of the Sri Lanka government's battle against what they have been calling 'Terrorism'.
Loss of lives among the armed forces is one thing, but when the people who influence a country's politics, the legislators and the Press, learn to lie with public approval and social sanction, the consequent damage to Sinhala society is going to be colossal and far-reaching.
Truth, as has been said, is indivisible. One cannot go on talking falsehoods convincingly when it comes to events affecting the Tamil people and switch to Truth on matters Sinhala. Like the drug habit that Prime Minister Premadasa keeps worrying about, the lying habit is corrosive and is likely to become pervasive.
Minister of Murder
Recently, there was an example of a seemingly honest attempt on the part of a newspaperman to get at the truth, which was however quickly shot down by an important politician. The newspaperman was Vijitha Yapa, editor of THE ISLAND, and the politician was Lalith Athulathmudali, the recently appointed Supremo of the North and the East, whose new portfolio is described by the government as Minister of National Security, which many Tamils refer to as Minister of Murder
Yapa was asking the Minister about the absolutely unprovoked killings and serious wounding of civilians at Chunnakam by air force men in an orgy of violence. But for their poor markmanship on a busy market place area, several hundreds would have been killed. The questions and answers went like this:
Q: But how can you prevent the excesses committed by the Armed Froces in Jaffna and the Northern Province?
A: This is part of the problem. Most journalists do not go to the North but get news of excesses committed by the armed forces from people who phone you. They are often victims of the very propaganda carried out by the terrorists and anything which is said by them is true while the government's
statements are vie
Q: But the incide the North . . . ?
A: According to
have received, the fired on by terrori roofs of some b vicemen fired ba while terrorists we also the death of a marketing. She ha hit by a stray b reports to the med
Force had shot at they panicked.
Q: What about the was shot?
A: No pregnant wo is like the story of
girls in Jaffna in Ju but it went round even Prabhakaran recent interview th: incident. The event were blown out Some reports in Ca 300 people being m girls raped!
It is obvious from Minister was determi and was even gettin, making his version st trying to believe som told by the Minister fairy tale about terro1
Let us accept that tale. Let us accept th, self. What makes th that a 'stray bullet' wil accidentally hit a lady cannot possibly hit a stray bullets have a h gnant women? Acco the only 'non-terroris the lady with the ma
Here is a list of ni one woman, who died ofshooting. Eight die and one, Subramanial Chunnakam collapse failure. Here are thei places of residence. C tify which of them w tops? Vallipuram Sinnath na ka m; Tha m daralingam (38) Balasubramaniam nakam; S. Anandı

TAMIL TIMES3
NT OF FALSEHooD
By S. Sivanayagam
ved with suspicion.
's in Chunnakam in
the information I Air Force men were ts who were on the uildings. The ser:k. Unfortunately, e killed, there was lady who had been il been accidentally llet. But the first a were that the Air the crowd because
pregnant woman who
man was shot. This he rapings of some ily. It was not true like wild fire. But has admitted in a at there was no such sin Jaffna last week of all proportions. nada had spoken of assacred and many
the above that the ned to hide the truth g into difficulties in and. Let us begin by part of the story as . For example, that ists on rooftops. he was fed that fairy at he believed it hime Minister conclude ich according to him who was marketing, »regnant woman? Do abit of avoiding preding to the Minister who was killed was keting bag he people, including instantly at the scene i of gunshot wounds l, a market keeper at and died of heart names and ages and ln the Minister iden're terrorists on roof
urai (80) of Chunpi mu ttu Sun - of Chunnakam;
(50) of Chunn (25) of Uduvil
East; P. Thiyagarasa (40) of Chunnakam; Ganesham (42) of Analicoddai; and Yogarasa (43) of Chunnakam. The dead woman was Pasupathy Thavamany of Atchuveli, the "non-terrorist' of whom the Minister made some kind reference.
Here is a list of 24 names, ages and places of residence of those who were grievously injured in the wild shooting, some of whome are believed to have succumbed to their injuries later. If many of them survived, it was again their good luck and the servicemen's bad shooting:
Muthukumaru (65) of Chunnakam; S. Kalithasan (51) of Jaffna; S. Bawany (female, 25) of Tellipallai; Kanagaratnam (39) of Atchuveli; Annarasah (31) of Chunnakam; M um th a j (29) of J a ffin a ; Nagapooranam (female, 61) of Chankanai; Kali (45) of Malakan; Krishnapoopathy (female, 52) of Uduvil; Chinnarasah (40) of Chunnakam; Subash (33) of Atchuveli; Uruthirakumar (42) of Maviddapuram, Arumugam of Ponnalai; S. Subramaniam (63) of Atchuveli; Manikkar of Jaffna; Sekarajasingham (19) of Jaffna; Kanapathipillai of Tellipalai; Kumaravelu (54); Parvathy, an expectant mother; Ponnambalam (50); Sathiyanathan (25); Patrick (19) of Tellipallai, Srikanthan (40) of Palaly; and Ponnammah (female, 50) of Chunnakam.
Does it seem in the eyes of the Minister that this is a list of "Terrorists'? That they were on rooftops? If they were on rooftops, how come the bodies were all on the roads? Why were no inquests held?
Is it the position of the government that every man, woman or child who gets shot by a serviceman is a Terrorist' and gets covered by the law that compels immediate cremation (no burial even if the victim happens to be a Christian as was decreed on July 24, 1983 - with one exception where a tough Magistrate, a Hindu, ordered a burial and the police acceded) without an inquest?
While the Minister is blandly correct when he says that the Colombo journalists do not go to Jaffna and investigate the facts for themselves, why should they and how could they when there is a censorship on and they cannot report anything independently? The 'ISLAND' interview was a rare instance of a Colombo journalist posing
TURN TO PAGE 1.5

Page 4
4 TAMIL TIMES
BRUTE FORCE CA THE TAMA
of the July 1983 violence.
DAVID SELBOURNE, in this exclusive interview covering the recent events in Sri Lanka, comments on the self-destroying Sinhalese leadership, lack of an effective Tamil national leadership, unchecked army and police brutalities, officialy promoted violence against the Tamils and the failure of the authorities to bring to account the perpetrators
Referring to the unseemly struggle for suc
Q: What is your reaction to the renewed outbreak of violence in Jaffna?
A: There can be no surprise at it; just as there can be no surprise, given the current absence of the rule of law in Sri Lanka, that the ghastly July crimes have themselves gone unpunished, and that those who carried them out have literally got away with murder. I wonder how my friend Lalith Athulathmudali, who like me is a lawyer and a contemporary at Oxford, can now preside over the 'security of a nation where the civilised norms of justice to which he is supposed to adhere have been so entirely abandoned. Grief at the further loss of innocent life, yes; but surprise, no.
The combination of a cynical lack of intention on the part of the Sri Lankan government to reach any genuine settlement with Tamil demands, and the Tamils' discredited leadership - discredited for its sheer lack of skill and sense of direction - have made a bloody battlefield of what ought to be the subject of urgent political accommodation with Tamil fears and aspirations. Who can benefit from this failure? Certainly not the Sinhalese, whose leaders are self-destroying, and who are taking the economy down with them.
Q: But what, in your opinion, is wrong with the Tamils' political leadership?
Ineffective leadership
A: You have a growingly important national movement with a no-longer effective national leadership. It has abandoned its people in their darkest hours; and it has been duped into believing that there are some among the current Sinhalese leadership who are seeking a political rather than a violent solution to the Tamil problem”.
It is national movement which has damagingly inadequate spokesmen inside and outside Sri Lanka, London included; it is divided by sectarian and personal rivalries among the expatriate groups who promote the cause of Tamil self-determination; and it is deceived by its own wishful thinking that the world, sooner or later, is
bound to hear its peop their assistance.
Moreover, it is extr justice of its political heard clearly in intel the international pres political violence of And- to despots - International or by f subversion of civil an Sri Lanka, is a small tical survival.
After all, in today's of internal despotism dency, in return amounts of arms an nothing novel. The dr even a crocodile's tail
Q: Are there any po present political situa A: There can be unchecked army an hit-and-run attacks o. men, random firings, cent market-folk, p passing schoolboys, man’s pretence that 1 'guerrillas'.
State brutality and ceed in Jaffna, than i matter how many ti runs about to templ meetings and press co to Delhi - the Tam issue, cannot possibly ary rule, officially p. guised as the 'strugg and phoney Round
As I wrote right these talks were nev ous, and will therefoi ever, if you consider and I am flatly oppo: rorism, whether org. or anywhere else - of the Northern prov committed against it ensure the growth o
net.
Q: In your judgem has been following a affairs of the Indian

APRIL 1984
NNOT VANGQUISH IL CAUSE
cession to Jayawardene, he considers that thuggery, and not diplomacy or political finesse, and certainly not the well-being of all the people of Sri Lanka, has become the main credential for high political office, and regards it as a miscalculation if the Sri Lankan government expects Britain and the US to clean up the political and economic mess in the turbulent and growingly rotten banana republic of Sri Lanka.
ple’s cries and come to
emely difficult for the and moral case to be rnational forums and is, whose daily diet is one kind or another. riticism, by Amnesty oreign jurists, of the d human rights, as in price to pay for poli
world a combination and external depenfor relatively small di foreign capital, is owning man can find reassuring - briefly.
sitive features in the ation?
nothing positive in d police brutalities, in soldiers and policethe shooting of innoregnant women and
and the advertising these are terrorists or
folly can no more sucin Belfast. Indeed, no imes Athulathmudali es, barracks, Cabinet inferences - and even il issue, like the Irish y be resolved by militromoted violence disle against subversion'' Table discussions.
from the beginning, ær intended to be seri'e lead nowhere. Howit a positive thing - sed to all forms of teranised from Colombo then army occupation ince, and the cruelties ts citizens, absolutely f the separatist move
ent, as someone who and writing about the sub-continent for ten
years now, are there any differences in the present situation from what it was last June when you visited Sri Lanka for the "GUARDIAN and other papers?
Struggle for succession
A: First, the struggle for the succession to Jayawardene has reached new and more unseemly levels. It looks from here as if thuggery, and not diplomacy or political finesse- and certainly not concern for the well-being of all the people of Sri Lanka, Sinhalese and Tamil - is becoming the main credential for high political office.
This spells present and future disaster for Sri Lanka as a whole. Certainly, each of the present contenders for national leadership seems to be falling over himself in the misuse of state power and in the effort to prove that he can commit national economic suicide, and political hara-kari, more efficiently than the next man.
Second, the sickening failure of the authorities to bring to account the July malefactors, when hundreds were murdered in cold blood, including under-trial prisoners, has placed the whole legitimacy of Colombo rule in question.
Further rounds of violence and counterviolence merely compound the problems: of murder as state policy, of economic disaster, and of the fundamental denial of the Tamils' basic civilian protections. It is this trampling rough-shod on the elementary human expectations of the Tamils - not the Sinhalese refusal of their maximum, or separatist, demands - which is slowly dragging down the whole policy and economy of Sri Lanka.
Q: Why do you feel as strongly as you do about the Tamil cause?
Law of the jungle
A: I am an outsider. I can hold no brief for the Tamils as such; nor for some of the methods they have been driven to use in pursuit of their own interests. Moreover, Sri Lanka is no paradise island for millions of the Sinhalese either; the Tamils ignore this at their peril.

Page 5
APRIL 1984
But in a Hobbesian struggle of all against all, in which it is the law of the Ceylon jungle which determines the outcome, the largest responsibility for what is happening in Jaffna clearly lies with those who hold and misuse power in Colombo; and who abdicate the duties they owe to all Sri Lankan citizens to keep the peace judiciously, within the existing state's boundaries.
The issues are those of fundamental human rights, including press freedom in Jaffna, the rule of law, of basic moral imperatives and of political justice. I would take the same view if it were the Sinhalese who were an oppressed minority people, under Army occupation and cornered for massacre in their home city. The one consolation for those who retain their faith in the ultimate triumph of reason and justice - even in Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland - is that the Sinhalese authorities cannot gain their truly barbarous ends in Sri Lanka; the ends of the mass expulsion of the indigenous Tamil population, and the elimination of their birth rights.
I have no doubt in my mind whatever from my visits to Sri Lanka, that this is their ultimate and wholly insane intention.
But they cannot van by brute force; and, British in Ireland, ir they themselves knov Britain's historic col the destruction of Ta ancient Tamil homel. ombo that Britain wi clean up the growing mess they are maki profound miscalcula
Britain will pay f floods of political vio soon, it will be realise US will not committ tedly to Sinhalese i with the bait of Americans will avoi dragged too far into yet another banana growingly rotten bar Indian Ocean; while 1 Lanka into an Americ be a politically fatal American strategic iu lt.
Q: How can you say A: I use my political
LANKAN ARMY ON
The Sri Lankan Minister of National Security, Mr Lalith Athulathmudali, has told the media that those killed in the district of Jaffna were "terrorists' and the killings took place in the course of confrontation between security forces and “terrorists”. The foreign media, including the reputable BBC, have without proper verification repeated these ministerial falsehoods.
What happened in Chunnakam, a small but busy town six miles from the northern Tamil city of Jaffna, on March 28, is typical of the indiscriminate atrocities that the Sri Lankan security forces have been inflicting upon the Tamil population for the past few weeks.
And the continued cover-up of these atrocities by the government and the new Minister of National Security through falsified statements to the media confirms that theatrocities are being committed with full governmental sanction.
On March 28, at about 10.00a.m., several men belonging to the Sri Lankan Airforce proceeded in jeeps to the Chunnakam police station to 'deal with the Tamil police officers' who had helped to put out the fire started by the army on March 21 in the Chunnakambazaar, in the course of which several shops were burnt.
The Tamil police officers had already fled. Disappointed and frustrated at the absence of the police officers, they proceeded to the Chunnakam market and sprayed volleys of bullets into a crowd of shoppers. The result was the instant deaths of 10 persons and serious injuries to several nore. The Market Keeper, the officer in
SHOOTING
SEVERALK WOMEN & C INCLUDED
charge of the market heart attack.
The Airforce perso along Kankesanthur reaching Mallakam (t nakam) began shooti crowd of people and or injured. Thereaf further along the sam Tellipalai junction ( lakam), fired indiscri of children going out 32 students were inju
Indiscriminate
The news of this criminate killing of Airforce personnel w by the government, Colombo radio annol forces had repulsed course of which seven
"They just fired: who asked not to be i contradicting the offi ween eight and 10 pec least 50 injured, som pregnant woman, elderly people were a
"No one who was p any shots fired by an mant said. "They saic

uish the Tamil cause as in the case of the their heart of hearts, it. Moreover, despite nial responsibility for mil sovereignty in the nds, the belief in Colhelp the Sinhalese to olitical and economic g in Sri Lanka, is a ion.
}r dams, but not for ence. And, some day d in Colombo that the hemselves wholehearnterests either, even Trincomalee. The l, if they can, being the unstable affairs of republic - and a ana at that - in the he price of turning Sri 'an aircraft carrier will rupture with India. terests cannot afford
this? judgement.
SPREE
ILLED,
HILDREN
!, dropped dead of a
onnel then proceeded ai Road and upon womiles from Chunng at random into a more were killed and/ ter, they proceeded road and on reaching wo miles from Malminately into a crowd of Union College and ured.
senseless and indisinnocent civilians by as given a false twist when at 6p.m., the nca that the security a "terrorist' attack in terrorists were killed. A government source lentified since he was cial version, said betple were killed and at ! seriously. He said a chool-children and mong the casualties. esent said they heard yone else, the inforthe troops just went
TAMIL TIMES5
TO OUR READERS
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yr FOR EVERY READER To BECOME A SUBSCRIBER IMMEDIATELY; and
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Page 6
6 TAMIL TIMES
into the market and fired at random for a stretch of 3.5 to 5km. The government is harming itself by putting out a version that no one believes.'
He and the other sources said the firing was apparently in retaliation for the fatal shootings several days earlier of two Airforce men.
The assailants were believed to be Tamil rebels seeking a separate State in the Sinhalese dominated nation.
Unprovoked
"The Airforce took revenge', said the Rev. B. Deogupillai, Roman Catholic Bishop in this mostly Hindu area. It was unprovoked. They went into the market place, bought some provisions and opened fire.'
Mr Gamini Navaratne, editor of the English weekly "SATURDAY REVIEW", said three or four jeeploads of troops blocked approaches to the market and sprayed the crowd with bullets. He said the Airforce
men"took revenge on innocent people' after
leaving their barracks where they have been confined following the shooting of their colleagues.
Mr Navaratne said nearly all the victims were aged 30 or above, much older than most of the separatist rebels who are referred to here as "the boys'.
Further ViOle
From March 28 o been reports of incide killings, arson and a forces.
On March 29, forty ted in Point Pedro anc nown destinations an are not known. Severa and three petroll filli ablaze.
In Poovannakarai houses belonging t Kanapathippillai and farms were burnt dov to and from Jaffna beaten up by securit kulam and Vavuniya.
Intensive house operations were carri and Kokkuvil and ol munity centres were c urity forces.
On April 9, the arm random in the city civilians were killed an Following an ambush personnel were injure went on a rampage in shops were burnt d Jaffna co-operative st
Gun-shots and bom throughout the city t
FACTS BEHND THE ATT & SINHALA
During the years of anti-Tamil violence throughout Sri Lanka and the frequent police and army atrocities in Jaffna, one redeeming fact was that none of the Sinhalese civilians or their property was subjected to retaliatory violence by Tamil people or the so-called "terrorists'.
Even during the genocidal attack of July 1983 when over 2,000 Tamils were massacred and over 150,000 Tamils became homeless refugees, no harm was done to the Sinhala residents or their property in the Jaffna district. So much so that the head of Priest of the Naga Vihare in Jaffna, contradicting false rumours maliciously spread during July 1983, announced publicly that no Buddhist temple or property belonging to the Sinhalese in Jaffna had been attacked.
However, on April 10, the Sinhala school and Naga Vihare (not the Naga Deepa Vihare) in Jaffna town were attacked and damaged. Why did this happen?
The Sinhala school was being used by the security forces as an operational point in their daily campaign of rampage in the Jaffna city. On April 9, the army personnel stationed at the school attacked the Catholic church of Our Lady of Refuge situated near the school. The bombing of the church left it with severe damage and the priest had a
narrow escape from tl
The church was mac because some member a letter to the Preside ernment's version abo by the Air Force persi on March 28, beside succour to those dis Lanka following the a July 1983.
Diabolical bombing
Enraged and provol bombing of the ch parishioners had atta the Naga Vihare in re The practice of the g mitting places of edu worship in Jaffna for congregate or operat them as part of the in sion of the people of
Lull me not into la Shake me out of th: Out of the fetters th make futile our Out of the unreason dignity under th

Ce
nwards, there have hts of indiscriminate rest by the security
7 persons were arresd taken away to unkd their whereabouts il shops in Atchuveli ng stations were set
in Batticaloa, the o the families of Thambirasa and their wn. People travelling were harassed and y forces near Man
to house search ed out in Kondavil n April 4, two comlestroyed by the sec
ly fired at civilians at of Jaffna. Several (d more were injured. in which a few army d, the security forces the city and several own, including the
Ore. lb blasts were heard hat afternoon and it
APRIL 1984
was like a deserted city with no people or vehicles on the streets. It was in the course of this ramage that the Church of Our Lady of Refuge was attacked by the army. The statue of Mahathma Gandhi located in front of the Jaffna Hospital was also damaged by the security forces.
Helicopters were seen flying in the Gurunagar area firing shots indiscriminately from the air. A number of cars, vans and other vehicles were set on fire by the ramaging security forces.
Shot and burnt
On the morning of April 11, sixteen deau bodies of civilians were found near Ariyakulam culvert in Jaffna. Fifteen of them had been shot and then burnt using old tyres. Four partially burnt bodies of civilians were found on the Navalar Road, Jaffna, near the railway level-crossing. Before burning, they had been shot.
On the morning of April 12, the army shot and killed five civilians including a railway linesman on duty. On the same day, twelve persons were killed outside Jaffna city - one at Sirupiddy, three at Chunnakam, three at Inuvil, one at Padamani and one at Kokkuvil. At 3p.m. on the same day, three civilians were burnt alive in their car at Kokkuvil. All these killings were carried out by the security forces during and outside curfew hours.
ACK ON NAGA VIHARE A SCHOOL
he ensuing fire.
le the target of attack s of the clergy had, in ht, disputed the govut the shooting spree onnel at Chunnakam s giving refuge and placed in South Sri nti-Tamil violence of
Ked by this diabolical urch, some of the cked the school and taliation on April 10. government in percation and religious the security forces to e from and convert stitutions of oppresthe area is the direct
cause of this rather isolated and uncharacteristic attack on the school and the Vihare.
While the injured feelings of the parishioners are understandable, their action in attacking the school and the Vihare is rather unfortunate and should not be repeated.
Not uncharacteristically, the statecontrolled media and the Minister of National Security gave wide publicity to the attacks on the school and Vihare and put the blame on "Tamil terrorists'; they deliberately suppressed the news about the army bombing of the Church of Our Lady of Refuge.
Later, when the news of the attack on the church had spread through other sources, the government's information department has spun another false story - the attack on the church by the army was an act of returning fire at "terrorists' who were using the church premises to shoot at the security personnel
RABINDRANATH TAGORE
guid dreams, 's cringing in the dust at shackle our mind, destiny;
that bends our e indiscriminate
feet of dictators, Shatter this age-long shame of ours, And raise our head
into the boundless sky, into the generous light, into the air of freedom.

Page 7
APRIL 1984
“INDIA TOD THE TRNCO
Was the “India Today' article about “terrorist training camps in South India' a deliberately planted story? This question was raised by opposition MPs in the Sri Lankan Parliament when government MPs, led by Prime Minister R. Premadasa, gave official sanction and backing to the anti-Indian hysteria that was being whipped up throughout Sri Lanka.
Banner headlines
The article in the India Today' of March 31, 1984, was given the widest possible coverage in every section of the Sri Lankan media with banner headlines beginning March 21st. How did the Sri Lankan press get hold of a copy of the article well in advance of the magazine's release?
The events that followed the publication of the "India Today' story gives credence to the view that it was deliberately planted to serve several ends. To follow the scenario:
The round table talks stood unaccountably adjourned for over two months in spite of the objections from the TULF; orchestrated and widespread anti-Indian propaganda in the media begins; from the President and Prime Minister downwards, the 'story' is raised as an issue of national security; highly inflammatory speeches are made in parliament; a new Ministery of National Security with Mr Lalith
Athulathmudala as he flies to Jaffna 't with the blessings ol The President a ishment of a “Natio protect the shores o eration of Buddhist defence pact with power; additional n Jaffna and they enga killings and arson; mate is thus mar consummate cunnin Jayawardene is well tries Minister, Mil announce in parliam Ministry had decide Storage Complex at pany called “OROL West German-Paki not widely known th controlling interest part of this Consort
Local opposition
Tenders for the le Oil Storage Comple 1982 and the gover with the US Coastal two years but the le due to local opposit. leasing out of the Col
DISTURBI
'The situation in Sri Lanka is again becoming tense. This latest sum-up offered in the Lokk Sabha on behalf of the Government of India does not certainly carry any exaggeration. There are two aspects of the developing situation which are particularly disturbing from the standpoint of those who have been working for a negotiated and amicable settlement of the issues.
Wild allegations
The first is the absence of any worthwhile progress in the search for an enduring political situation to the Tamil question. The second is the marked anti-Tamil stance adopted by some of the Sinhala political leaders, especially those in the government who have for their own reasons been feeding the ugly situation with wild allegations
IN SRI
concerning India, Nadu's role in the
Following the the Tamils in Jun good offices promo find a negotiated within the framew Lanka.
It is worth reite tionally difficult ti has been aimed, 1 external solution ( reducing the tensi bringing together forces between whi lapsed because of a minority, narrowi differences and ma the way to go.
At one stage, ti promising. Follo talks held in Ne J. R. Jayawardene

AY" STORY g
TAMIL TIMES 7
CONNECTION
Minister is created and o wipe out terrorism' f the Maha Sangha. nnounces the establnal Defence Fund' to f Sri Lanka'; the FedAssociations calls for a a 'friendly foreign lilitary units are sent to ge in a daily ramage of and the necessary cliufactured with cong, for which President known, for the Indusr Cyril Mathew, to ent on April 4, that his ld to lease out the Oil Trincomalee to a comEUM’, an apparently stani Consortium. It is at a US company has a in the West German ium.
ase of the Trincomalee x were called in April nment was negotiating Corporation for the last ease was not awarded, ion which felt that the mplex was the first step
in converting Trincomalee into a US naval base.
India too had openly expressed serious concern and objection to the government's plans. Incidentally, it is learnt that the Indian Oil Corporation had also tendered for the Oil Complex and from a commercial point of view, the Indian tender was the most favourable.
China Bay
Built by the British Admiralty over forty years ago, the Oil Storage Complex is sited at China Bay, Trincomalee, on the east coast of Sri Lanka. It comprises 99 refined oil products storage tanks, each of 12,000 metric ton capacity. The whole complex is about 600 acres in extent and part of it abuts the sea.
Trincomalee is one of the finest natural harbours in the world and its strategic position in the Indian Ocean is of vital importance to any superpower which has military designs in the Indian Ocean scne and the Far East.
The pro-US stance of the Jayawardene government and its eagerness to allow naval facilities to US was of deep and natural concern for India which wants the Indian Ocean declared a Zone of peace.
ING TURN
LANKA
and especially Tamil
current crisis.
genocidal attack on e-July 1983, India's ted a major effort to political settlement vork of a united Sri
rating at this excepme that this process not at imposing any on Sri Lanka, but at ons in the situation, political and ethnic om relations had colsavage attack on the ing the substantive king a wise choice of
nings began to look wing the intensive w Delhi during Mr 's visit in late 1983, a
set of informal proposals emerged which were looked upon as a worthwhile basis for a negotiated settlement.
Goodwill
The Tamil leaders - the TULF leaders as well as the representatives of the Indian, and especially plantation, Tamils - developed positions that were firm in essentials, yet flexible and reasonable in terms of what might work politically, given earnestness and goodwill all round.
Unfortunately, on the other side, matters deteriorated steadily. What started as an all-party process got distorted with the inclusion of religious groups, especially the Buddhist elements, who changed the character of the dialogue and shot down, or were
PLEASE TURN OVER

Page 8
8 TAMIL TIMES m
used to shoot down, all the reasonable ideas that emerged on giving the Tamils a wider measure of selfadministering opportunities within a united Sri Lanka.
In fact, the major Sinhala parties have made it all but obvious that there is no political will to go beyond an experiment of doubtful value - the District Development Council - in a substantive sense and to agree to a larger regional unit for the northern and eastern provinces and to a meaningful devolution of powers.
In all this, the government of Mr Jayawardene - which has been blowing hot and cold-bears a heavy responsibility. The question of a single regional council aside, there has been no progress on the various issues exercising the Tamils such as the status of Trincomalee, the land settlement and colonisation policy of the Government and, above all, elementary security in their daily life and work.
Committed
The government of India has done well to reiterate at this low point in the regional situation that it stands committed to the unity and integrity of Sri Lanka and to a peaceful solution through political means. By the same token, it cannot be insensitive to developments that signal hostility simultaneously to the Tamils of Sri Lanka and to India.
Peace and unity cannot be secured, nor the future of the island nation
spoken for, in the just settlement ac minority and ind component parts
Grav
The TULIF lé thalingam, has v month recess in t risks and has cal initiative to save major repression
By courtesy c
UN CO||
Alleged torturers anywhere in the of a draft conve which the Un: mission on Hum to send to the U after six years o
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absence of a fair and septable to the Tamil eed to all the ethnic of Sri Lanka.
e risks
ader, Mir A. AmirTarned that the twohe talks means grave led for a new Indian the Tamils from a and attack.
APRIL 1984
Mr Jayawardene, whom we had occasion to compliment a few months ago on his decision to organise a political dialogue involving the Tamils, must realise even at this perilous juncture that the situation can be turned around, with India's co-operation, of caution is exercised. He must surely know that there is no real alternative to showing political will to evolve a democratic framework within which people of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds could live under relations of equality and civility. . . " . "
f THE HINDU, International Edition, April 14,
NVENTION, ON TORTURE
will be liable to trial world under the terms ntion against torture ited Nations Coman Rights has agreed N General Assembly f discussions. ion agreed in March he draft Convention e and Other Cruel, Degrading Treatment It now goes through nd Social Council to mbly which alone can (t.
al jurisdiction
most difficult issues g group of the comIn the idea of universal
alleged torturers and lementation mechan
is being used systematically. Nor was
This year, articles were agreed on universal jurisdiction. The draft convention stipulates that any state party must prosecute, try or extradite any alleged torturer no matter what his or her nationality and irrespective of where the alleged abuses were perpetrated.
Agreement on proposals
However, there was no agreement on proposals for a Committee Against Torture (to be established by the Convention) to initiate inquiries and investigations into situations where torture
there agreement on the terms whereby the proposed committee would examine reports to be submitted periodically by states' parties to the Convention. The General Assembly will have to decide on these issues.
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APRIL 1984
m
A major new report published by Amnesty International on 4 April - "Torture in the Eighties' - marks the start of a long-term campaign by Amnesty International to expose and end the use of torture as a tool of state policy.
The report covers allegations of torture and ill-treatment in some 98 countries. Sri Lanka, too, figures prominently in this infamous list. The report shows that prisoners have been tortured or cruelly treated in at least one out of every three countries within the last four years.
However, although it cites allegations of torture or ill-treatment of prisoners in nearly 100 countries, Amnesty International emphasised in a news release of 4 April that government secrecy and intimidation surrounding such abuses often made corroboration of torture clains dif. ficult. It said it was extremely likely that many other cases had not yetcome to light: cover-ups and censorship made a full survey impossible.
The report discloses that, since 1980, Amnesty International has acted on 2,687 cases in 45 countries - not including its appeals for many people seized in mass arrests - and has learned of abuses in dozens of other countries. But the organisation is not issuing any “blacklist' of
TORTUI An Anmr
countries as this w open to political m The cruelty is applied as part machinery to supp page report says.
Men and wome ages, trades and p children have been and infants forced being tortured in Amnesty Internati Most of the tort report is aimed ishment or extrac political prisoners, beatings and whipp techniques as the S electrical apparatu. metal skewer into
Some methods, s drugs forcibly give oners in the Soviet number of countrie sitive parts of the t of torture or ill-tre ficult, the report sa The evidence col nesses, medical records and forme
OBITUARY Mrs May Ivy Holland (nee Morrow)
May Morrow was born in Limehouse in 1895, and trained as a secretary. After two jobs she was accepted and trained as a Wesley Deaconess, served in the Kingsway Central Hall and then went to Ceylon. She worked at Point Pedro and Vannarponnai, learning Tamil and working with women's groups in surrounding villages. After her first furlough she returned to marry the Rev. Bernard Holland at Batticaloa, and they were stationed at Kalmunai, Batticaloa and Trincomalee in the Eastern Province until 1950. They were greatly loved.
Their understanding and friendliness made them welcome guests in Hindu homes and people of all races and religions were always made welcome in their Manse.
The war brought long periods of separation and the responsibility for bringing up and arranging the education of the three children (Hazel, Bernard and John - all of them born in Ceylon) fell on May during those difficult years of evacuation and shortages.
Re-united with her husband, from 1950-1966 May served in English Circuits (Welshpool, Burselm, Macclesfield, Keighley and Consett) where she made many close friends. She retired to Reigate where she was widowed in 1970 and then moved to the Methodist Home for the Aged in Croydon where she died on 20th January 1984.
Wherever she went May brought her own brand of Cockney humour and down to earth common sense. Hers was a strong personality, independent, forthright and practical - and all her qualities and gifts were dedicated to the service of God and the care of her family. She was impatient with the limitations of increasing old age, but met this challenge with fortitude and by the end, feeling that her useful life was ended, she went gladly and peacefully to the Lord whom she had known and served for so long.

TAMIL TIMES 9
RE IN THE EIGHTIES: Iesty International Report
ould be incomplete and
isuse.
often systematically of “state-controlled
ress dissent, the 263
of all social classes, rofessions are victims; tortured in El Salvador to watch their mothers Iran, according to onal's information. ure documented in the at intimidation, punting confessions from Methods range from ings to such specialised lyrian "black slave', an s that inserts a heated he victim's anus. uch as the pain-causing to some political prisUnion or the use in a s of electrodes on senlody, make verification atment especially diflys. nes from victims, witexaminations, court r security agents who
took part in torture sessions.
The report includes case studies of situations in which public pressure, supported by international opinion, has helped to limit or halt torture. It outlines a practical 12-point programme that governments can use to prevent torture. The study points out that torture most often occurs during a prisoner's first few days in custody when visits by family or lawyers are banned - often under laws giving the authorities wide-ranging powers to deal with emergencies.
It says that when statements extracted under torture are accepted by judges as evidence and no official inquiries are made into torture complaints, a clear signal has been given to security forces that torture is tolerated.
"Torture can be stopped, it says. "What is lacking is the political will of governments to stop torturing people.'
In its report, Amnesty International urges that the international anti-torture convention drafted by the United Nations Human Rights Commission should be adopted. It is due to go through the Economic and Social Council to the UN General Assembly which alone canadopta final text.
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10 TAMIL TIMES
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EVOLUTION (
TH Y
BY PR Profes is a SC
(Conti
The one factor whic character and course Tamil Question is the militancy expressing i attacks on the armed and on those whom it the Tamil 'Cause'. . strategy. Described actionshave been dire as an institution.
The emergence of radically altered the and modes of poli among the Tamils. T
types of organisations Liberation Tigers o other similar organis The undergrounc movement, the i organisation and the activities make it vir anyone to discuss i terms the nature and activities. However, political expediency interesting articles an insight into the motivations of the m in Weekend', 'Sun', now in the book "The by T.D.S.A. Dissan pictures of their orgar
The publications of the movement, pamp tributed in places whi – markets, bus stal smoothness that befo) happening, one has : The changed modes ( also seen in the wall p their movement and news about them, the as the media for thei
Going by such ma there are at least Liberation Tigers of Prabhakaran, Pe. Organisation of Tam Mahesvaran, Tamil Organisation associat timani, the Eelam P Liberation Front ar Liberation Army, relating to leadership
It is quite evident t mon aim — the est
 

AHRİL 1984
OF THE TAMIL QUESTION (PART III)
E EMERGENCE OF OUTH MILITANCY
OF. KARTHGESU SIVATHAMEBY sor Sivathamby, Jaffna University, cholar of Tamil Languages, Culture and Drama
nued from last issue)
h changed the whole of the Sri Lankan : emergence of youth itself through violent force and the police thinks are traitors to There is a guerrilla as "terrorists', their cted against the state
this movement has character of politics tical communication here is a ban on these
-"The presenting of f Tamil Eelam and ations law' (1978).
character of the ir gu er rilla - type ban imposed on their tually impossible for In critical, academic the features of their due to reasons of , there have been d reports giving some organisation and ovement. The articles 'Sunday Island', and : Agony of Sri Lanka' ayake, provide useful lisation and activities.
the various groups of hlets, leaflets are disere the public gathers nds, etc., with such e one realises what is leaflet in the hand. of communication are osters. With a ban on with censorship of y use the wall posters
'messages'.
terial as is available, five organisations: Tamil Eelam, led by pple's Liberation il Eelam, led by Uma Eelam Liberation ed with the late Kutople's Revolutionary |d the Tamil Eelam with information not known. hat, in spite of a comablishment of Tamil
Eelam — these organisations are not united.
All the groups speak in terms of Marxist concepts of political and economic liberation. All of them advocate armed struggle for the establishment of Tamil Eelam.
It is significant that in the posters and handbills there is no reference to past ethnic glories or to a golden age of Tamil culture - a characteristic feature of the rhetoric and the Dravidian Movements of Tamil Nadu. Here the emphasis is on the Marxist formulation of the Tamil Question. It is equally clear that these organisations clearly oppose the TULF for its parliamentarism.
For the reports and analysis, it is evident that the field of recruitment for these groups comes mainly from those who have passed the A.L. examination.
Had it not been for the role played by the Tamil expatriates living in various parts of the Western world, concentrated more in England and the US, the Tamil Question would not have received the international attention it has. It is not difficult to identify the motivating factor - most of them had been victims of discrimination, either at the level of the admission to the University or at the level of employment.
To have a full understanding of the mind of the Tamil expatriate, it is essential to understand the highly centrepetalist character of the family unit in the Sri Lankan, especially the Jaffna Tamil social organisation. One studies more to earn more and one earns more to better the family prospects. Really speaking, the family or the household is yet the basic social unit in Jaffna life. Centrifugalism occurs only to enrich and strengthen the centre (the family). And when it is found that the locus of that centre is threatened, then, it is natural that here is a rallying of forces. With the threat to property and life, the dreams of seeing a family of well established brothers and sisters and of a well earned retired life in the place of your birth, with the soil under your feet belonging to you, are shattered. For people who are confronted with various disabilities in the earning, discrimination and uncertainty of status in their own place of birth disturbs them. This deprivation has led the more articulate of the expatriates to pool their resources to publicise their cause.

Page 11
APRIL 1984
A survey of Tamil political demands and activities in Sri Lanka since 1977, including an analysis of the socio-economic and ideological orientation of the struggle. Reproduced by kind courtesy of LANKA GUARDIAN of March 1, 1984
Ethnicity and political consciousness
It would be quite correct to hold that the politicisation of the large mass of the Tamil population started only with the threat they had to face to live within his own social unit of existence. When faced with the reality of discrimination and its ethnic base, ethnicity decides the form and content of political consciousness.
Attention should be paid at this stage to the difference in the class character of the ethnic cry raised to the level of the Sinhala masses. Recent analyses by Kumari Jayawardene have shown the class content of the ideology of Sinhala-Buddhist revivalism had been anti-minority. In terms of historical conditioning there was a latent anti-Tamil content. As the country passed from colonisation to neo-colonisation with the consequent changes in production relations there was a logical outflow of the anti-Tamil content.
At the levels of the Tamils, the antiTamil cry of the Sinhalese, at the start, affected only the English-educated state sector employees. It soon affected the small shop owners too. With the broadbasing of education through free education and use of the national languages as media of instruction, there came into being a new group of young men, from the lower income groups and from the peasantry and the underprivileged groups, who too were discriminated against because they were Tamils. Thus ethnic consciousness has becomean importantfactorin political consciousness. This is also the reason why the caste problem, which was once the major contradiction among the Tamils, is not surfacing today in the manner it used to do. It is not that caste has ceased to be an operative factor in Tamilian socio-political life, particularly in intra-Tamil matters. The major contradiction now is the ethnic area, for it decides the crucial question of employment. Being the major contradiction it also determines the nature of the politicisation.
A correct understanding of the class character of the Tamil Question as it stands today is important. A clear distinction should be made between the class basis of the ethnic cry among the Sinhalese and the Tamils.
At the level of the Sinhalese, the ethnic cry (first priority in terms of language now in terms of religion) is whipped up to complete a process of establishing class
hegemony started but in greater earn Tamil end, the ethn rallying point agains It is true that at the s raised by a class interests but with tl using this cry alon consolidate its posit Today the Tamil cri point for all those v same type of oppres: FP (1948) to TUF ( is also a qualitative tinuity of the slogal the continuity of the is now clear the slog different. The bas keadership of the Tl rank and file is a changed class naturt
It is because of that those non-Ma1 the Tamil questions xist position and til drawn into it are tification of the eth
It is this context tha to at the outset be relation to the turn problem is going to
The Tamil Nadu (a interest
The Indian interes Tamilnadu over the Question arise from t also a problem of the who have to ultimat India. They have beel of Indian origin and agreement (Sirima-Sa: relating to them. So, done to them, wheth Tamils, it is the duty express concern.
“In Sri Lanka there origin and Sri Lank origin. I have a symp, kan Tamils. The affé
Foreign Affairs; that c Affairs.'
- M. Kalya — “Virakesau
By extending the l full ethnic proportic attack them as Tamils rievably paved for Ind up-country Tamils economic significanc labour, the sheet anc yet, the leadership of origin can speak with : the Sri Lankan Tam possibly have. Tamil Nadu's concer Indian origin living point of irritation bet Tamil Nadu in India.

ior to independence t after 1956. At the : cry has become the common oppression. art the Tamil cry was o preserve its own Sinhala bourgeoisie with state power to bn there is a change. is raised as a rallying ho are faced with the on. The change from 971) to TULF (1976) change and the conis coterminous with leadership too. But it ans are tending to be c contradiction the [LF has with its own h expression of the of that rank and file. his historical change xists concerned with are now taking a Marle Marxists who are able to see the juslic consciousness.
it the impasse referred comes significant in the character of the ake.
hd Indian)
t and the anxiety in
Sri Lankan Tamil wo facts. Firstly, it is Indian citizens, those ely be sent back to h described as people there is a diplomatic tri Pact) in operation
when something is er as labourers or as of the government to
are Tamils of Indian In Tamils of Indian thy for the Sri Lanirs of the former is f the latter is Internal
nasundaram i’, 10.9.1981
unguage problem to ns and starting to , the path was irretlan concern over the And given the of the plantation or of the economy he Tamils of Indian sense of confidence leadership cannot
for the Tamils of verseas has been a 7een the centre and ri Lanka was not the
TAMIL TIMES 11
only place from which Indian Tamils were ejected. They were sent back from Burma and Malaysia too. Rehabilitation for them was ill-planned and poorly executed. So when the human traffic from Sri Lanka also started moving, there was concern. The level of consciousness of this problem is well indicated in modern Tamil literature. The sympathy for the Sri Lankan Tamil cause lies in the logic of the history of nationality formation in India during and after independence. Nationality formation within India was on an ethnolinguistic basis. Tamils and Bengalis constitute two of the highly conscious ethnolingual groups in India. The Pure Tamil movement, the Dravidian Movement, were all part of the Tamil consciousness. Post-independent India accepted the linguistic basis of the states (1956). This social psychology of Tamilian consciousness, per se and within an all-India framework, is well reflected in Tamil literature, especially in poetry from Bharathi to Bharathidasan.
With the attack on the Sri Lankan Tamils on the basis that they are Tamils, the anxiety about the linguistic brethren arose as a natural expression of extraterrestrial ethnic solidarity. This is not something new in Indian politics. There had been expression of solidarity with Bengalis living in Pakistan and even with Punjabis living in the United Kingdom. There have been instances when the Central Government of India had expressed concern over the problems of such groups. Thus arose the demand in Tamil Nadu about voicing Indian concern over the Sri Lankan Tamil issue.
To add to this, there are the strategies of the parties of Tamil Nadu. DMK, under Karunanidhi, has claimed leadership of the Tamils all over the world. Any inactivity by M.G. Ramachandran and his ADMK government could lead to massive gains to DMK, the biggest of the opposition parties in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu Congress (I) cannot isolate itself from Tamilian sentiments. Nor canthe two Communist Parties keep silent over the legitimate demands' of the Sri Lankan Tamils. Thus, there has been an all-party consensus on the Sri Lankan Tamil issue.
Though there had been concern over this problem since 1956, discernible political interest starts with the 1974 deaths in the Tamil Research Conference and in 1979. Interest in the Sri Lankan Tamil Question increased with militant youth seeking shelter in Tamil Nadu.
Since 1977 there has been an additional fear in India, the fear of an American takeover of Trincomalee.
What had started as a problem of language of the government gazettes, of attacks on the suruttu kade and the thosai kades, and of media of instruction and marks to enter the University, has now become a problem of geo-politics.

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
SPECIAL FOCUS
A MILITARY THR FINA SC
O ... air force men kill civilian Tamils
At least ten Tamil civilians were killed and more than twenty-five were seriously injured by Sri Lankan Air Force personnel on the 28th of March 1984. The Air Force personnel fired at random in and around the market town of Chunnakam in the Northern Province. And it would appear that the stage is being set for President Jayewardene's final solution to the Tamil problem. We hope that we are wrong.
O . . . following “umbridgeable gap” at amity talks . . .
It was about a month ago that, at the opening sessions of the Sri Lankan Parliament, President Jayewardene reported on the impasse that had been reached at the round table conference which had been initiated at the instance of the Indian Government. He said:
"The Tamil representatives of the north have to satisfy the extreme elements that seek separatism through the bullet. They have to convince them that the solution they accept and wish the others also to accept comes as close to separation as possible within a united Sri Lanka. The leaders of the Sinhala and Muslim people on the other hand have to explain how the proposals they put forward are as far away as possible from secession. There is an almost unbridgeable gap between the two positions.'
O . . . and failure of Sri Lankan Government to offer any solution . . .
The style was familiar. The elected government of Sri Lanka distanced itself from the problem and became an innocent bystander - a detached observer of a problem, a problem with the almost unbridgeable gap. Here was a government which sought to govern but which itself had no solution to offer - at any rate no solution which it could publicly declare.
O . . . other than a planned build-up of the Sinhala army in Tamil areas . . .
But in early March, Brigadier Nalin Seneviratne, who has been described as a "tough soldier' was posted to the Tamil area in the North as the co-ordinating offier. Soon thereafter, the Tamil Government Agent in Jaffna was transferred and replaced by a Sinhala officer. The infamous army camps in the north where Tamil prisoners were tortured in 1981 and 1982, were
re-opened. Indiscrimi sons in Batticaloa, Tri and Jaffna were carr. arrested as hostages
Sinhala settlement of comalee and Battical There were moves to land in Trincomalee iI Food supply to the curtailed and attempts duce a limited rationi
O . . . and a high pro association . . .
In the meantime, the u US Defence Secreta berger, to meet Presi Colombo in late 198 January this year, by t
The renewed ki civilians in Sri upon the failure table conferenc meaningful solut national questior to focus atten aspects of the c ground.
Addabo, the Chairm Appropriations Com House of Represent thanked the governm having approved the of America transmissi - transmissions whic for more than twe Addabo said that the consider a proposal ma government that the naval training for the also said that on his States he would imm that funds be release defence purposes.
The US Senators M Thomas F. Eagleton v in January and in Feb tant Secretary Mr How discussions with Pre He said that the re Lanka and the Unite lent and added that th high regard for Presid Schaffer paid a con Lankan embassy in embassy which had do

APRIL 1984
UST TOWARDS DLUTIONo?
nate arrests of perincomalee, Vavuniya ied out. Some were for wanted youths. Tamil areas in Trinloa was intensified.
vest 5,000 acres of the Port Authority. saffna peninsula was s were made to introng system.
ofile United States
nprecedented visit of ry, Mr Carl Weindent Jayewardene in 3, was followed, in he visit of Mr Joseph
Illings of Tamil Lanka follows of the round e to offer any ion to the Tamil 1. it is proposed tion on Some ontextual back
unma
lan of the Defence mittee of the US atives. Mr Addabo ent of Sri Lanka for "revival of the Voice ons from Sri Lanka h had been stopped nty-five years. Mr : United States will de by the Sri Lankan US provide modern Sri Lankan navy. He return to the United ediately recommend d to Sri Lanka for
ark O. Hatfield and isited Sri Lanka later ruary Deputy Assisvard B. Schaffer held sident Jayewardene. lations between Sri d States were 'excele United States had a ent Jayewardene. Mr pliment to the Sri Washington, 'a small newell in countering
Eelam supporters in the United States”. It was against this backdrop of a high profile US association that the visit of President Jayewardene to the United States in June was announced.
O. . . coupled with an expensive kegitimising propaganda effort . . .
And then came the publication in Sri Lanka of an article in an Indian magazine, which gave the sensationalised account of the so-called training of Tamil guerrillas in South India. It was an article which appeared in an issue datelined 31st March 1984 but it was published in Sri Lanka on 21st March by a Sinhala-owned daily which has at all times consistently supported President Jayewardene. And it was published despite the fact that the government had banned the dissemination of any information spreading separatist ideas.
O... which labelled the Tamil struggle as "leftist inspired' . . .
The article described the Tamil struggle as left inspired. Again the style was familiar. In July and August 1983, when hundreds of Tamils were killed and thousands were rendered homeless by a systematic planned attack, the government of Sri Lanka said that the attack on the Tamils was left inspired - presumably a left inspired attack on a left inspired Tamil liberation movement. In 1981 and 1982, when Amnesty International reported on the torture inflicted on Tamil prisoners, the government of Sri Lanka said that the report was left inspired. In 1983 when David Selbourne, the Oxford don, expressed his concern at the continuing oppression of the Tamils of Sri Lanka, the government of Sri Lanka said that his concern was left inspired. In 1983, when Aquino was shot dead in broad daylight in Manila, President Marcos said that the killing was left inspired. We are reminded of Hitler in 1930 and the burning of the Reichstag - that too was left inspired, at least according to Hitler.
O ... in the hope that the world may listen . . .
And the world listened then as it may sometimes listen, even today, because the world prefers to listen to that which it prefers to believe. It prefers to close its eyes to Hitlers in the making. It is so much more convenient to put it all on the communists, the Marxists and the leftists, so that the world

Page 13
APRIL 1984
may go on with its own business with an easy conscience, without being bothered too much by torture, by rape, by genocide in a distant land.
O ... but, intruth, a propaganda cover for a 'Biafra' type solution ...
And so if a systematic attempt is made by the Sinhala army to terrorise the Tamils in the North and East of Sri Lanka in pursuit of what President Jayewardene described, in July 1983, as the Malaysian solution' to the Tamil problem, it will not matter too much - after all the Tamil liberation struggle is left inspired. It is a nice phrase and a convenient label. Any public relations agency concerned with moulding world opinion in such a way that the Sri Lankan government can buy the time to set about doing 'a Biafra' in Jaffna could not have improved on such a phrase. It is, of course, a mistake which the United States has often made in Asia and Africa - the mistake of too readily categorising a whole national movement as Marxist, a mistake which has often resulted in driving national movements into Marxist hands.
O ... because "the World had not believed the government before' ...
And the Indian journalist who wrote the article was obviously mindful of the power centres of the world. He spoke of 'superpower intervention' to prevent the establishment of Tamil Eelam. Which superpower did he have in mind? He went on to say that the Tamil guerrillas in Tamil Nadu "await with anxiety President Jayewardene's visit to the US in June'. The readers of the article were left with little doubt as to what the writer had in mind. And on 21st March, within a few hours of the publication hitting the streets of Colombo, the Sri Lankan Minister for Information Dr Ananda Tissa De Alwis announced that the government was purchasing "large numbers of copies of the magazine for distribution to its embassies abroad as "proof of the threat to Sri Lanka.
He said: "A piece of paper will be attached to each of these magazines. It will carry this message - 'We have told this story to the world. The world has not believed us. Now the Indian journalist has told the truth.' 'The world which did not believe the Sri Lankan government would believe the word of an 'Indian journalist. And, of course, in this area the views of Dr De Alwis do command respect - he has considerable expertise in the area of public relations, having served for many years as head of a leading international advertising agency.
O ... but would the World believe the Sri Lankan government now?
The article by the "Indian journalist' had clearly served to help the Sri Lankan gov
ernment to legitimi action against the T served to divertatte the government to t to compensate the th have lost everything and August 1983. It tion from the systel cessive Sinhala go and terrorise the Ta submission. It serv from a continuing
rorism which had when around one m born in Sri Lanka w enfranchised and r oppression and a te in hundreds of Tam when they had den and when they had
ism and when there ment whether leftist an oppression anc deprived thousands ified young Tamils versities and whic streets: an oppres: which resulted in th public library by th oppression and a tel violence in its wake. “Indian journalist se from the cause by se some of the effects Ananda Tissa De A the world had not be of Sri Lanka before the world would be
O . . . and so the
Two days after announcement, th Trade, Mr Lalith appointed Minister On 24th March, National Security Mahanayakas to re. wipe out "terrorism energetic Minister reported to have t forces: 'You did as reference to the abol more than ten thous killed by the armed same now.' And so
O . . . for the mas
follow . . .
And, then a few day we have the so-calle force men in Chu ambush in which, munique of the Sri try, the troops suf so-called ambush w all.
All telephone
jammed until the g

e its proposed “Biafra’’ amils of Sri Lanka. It tion from the failure of ke any steps whatever ousands of Tamils who in the holocaust of July served to divert attennatic campaign of sucfernments to oppress mils of Sri Lanka into ed to divert attention oppression and a terts beginnings in 1948 llion Tamils who were ere de-citizenised, disendered statelesss: an rorism which resulted ils being killed in 1958 landed a federal state, not demanded separatwas no guerrilla moveinspired or otherwise: a terrorism which of inteligent and qualadmission to the unidrove them to the sion and a terrorism e burning of the Jaffna e Sri Lankan army: an rorism which has bred And the article by the rved to divert attention eking to sensationalise , But, on Minister Dr Alwis's own admission lieved the government '. We wonder whether lieve it now.
stage was being set
Minister de Alwis's a young Minister of Athulathmudali was of National Security. the new Minister of visited the Buddhist eive their blessings to '. On 25th March the visited Jaffna, and is old the Sinhala armed plendid job in 1971 (a tive insurrection where and Sinhalayouth were forces', and so do the he stage was being set.
sacre that Was to
s later, on 28th March, i ambush of Sinhala air unakam — a so-called according to the comankan Defence Minisfered no casualties. A hich was no ambush at
:ommunications were overnment released its
TAMIL TIMES 13
official version of 'an ambush'. More than ten Tamils including a woman, were killed and more than twenty-five seriously injured. The Defence Ministry communique calmly admits that it was a case of "revenge shooting'. A revenge for what? A revenge shooting which killed at least ten and injured more than twenty-five but the communique contains no words of regret.
The communique contains no expression : of horror at the indiscipline of the air force. The communique contains no promise, no reassurance that the government will ensure that such revenge shootings will not occur in the future.
O... to be explained away as the act of an "indisciplined army'. . .
And again the style was familiar. In July 1983 too the armed forces shot and killed more than forty youths in revenge' but there was no expression of regret, there was no attempt to hold an inquiry. When President Jayewardene was asked as to why no inquest or inquiry was held, he replied that there was no purpose since the bodies had already been burnt. And so, as in July and August 1983, the government would have the world believe that these are the acts of an indisciplined army and air force, which the government can neither discipline nor command.
O ... but facts and President Jayewardene's own admission falsify
this explanation . . .
But facts are stubborn. The necent changes in the administration of the Tamil areas, the appointment of a new Minister of National Security, the build-up of the army in the North, the increase in tempo of military rule, the re-opening of the army camps, show rather, a government in control, working to a plan. And we are reminded of the words of President Jayawardene to the “Daily Telegraph’ correspondent Ian Ward in July 1983, significantly two weeks before the terrible holocaust of July and August: "I am no longer concerned with the lives of the Tamils'. Mr Jayawardene was frank and it may be a mistake that the world has not taken him at his word.
O ... and suggest a move towards a final solution in violation of the rights guaranteed by the international Covenant of Civil and Political Rights which Sri Lanka has ratified . . .
And the question that arises is whether the Sri Lankan government is moving towards the undeclared final solution to a problem, which in the perception of the government of Sri Lanka is a problem with an unbridgeable gap. This is a question that must concern all those who are working for the protection of human rights.
The firstarticle of the International Convention of Civil and Political Rights

Page 14
14 TAMIL TIMES
declares that all peoples have the right of self-determination and the Tamils of Sri Lanka are a people with a common language, a common culture, a common history and a traditional homeland. It is on the basis of the rights of self-determination that all the other human rights of a people can be secured - without the right of selfdetermination, all other human rights will remain merely pious aspirations written on thin paper.
However, it would seem that ın the eyes of the government of Sri Lanka the solution to the Tamil problem does not lie in recognising that the Tamils of Sri Lanka are a nation, it does not lie in recognising that the Tamils of Sri Lanka have the right to freely determine their political status.
It would seem that to the government of Sri Lanka, the solution does not lie in the removal of the oppression and the discrimination, the solution does not lie in a federal constitution but the solution lies in the annihilation of all those Tamils who have the courage to stand up for their rights. It would seem that to the government of Sri Lanka the solution lies in the creation of a servile minority which satisfies the Hitlerite doctrine that the role of a minority is to serve the majority. We hope that we are wrong in our perceptions.
O . . . a path of genocide and therefore a need to placate india temporarily. . .
We hope that the government of Sri Lanka has not decided on the path of genocide. Such a path would of course make it necessary to placate, in particular, the feelings of India, at least until the grim deed is done and we wonder whether the recent visit of a senior Sri Lankan Minister to New Delhi has something to do with this. India will no doubt be informed of the proposed visit of President Jayewardene to the USA in June this year and the possibility of a friendship treaty with the USA. India will no doubt
be informed that unl
ernment agrees to res solidarity that her pec brothers and sisters ir Lankan government but to strengthen US ii Ocean.
O ... and persuade
And, in June, perh ewardene will seek to Reagan that with U. ernment can survive explain away the con government to managi the economy. He will the corruption that which prevents him manpower necessary f agement of the count explain away seven y anywhere but trying to seats of power.
The Sri Lankan gov persuade President national interests of th by supporting a regi poned elections, whic civic rights of the lead ition party, which has ory demonstrations before the homes of ju Court.
And the governme. suade President Reaga for the economic pro Lanka, is not the effec the resources of the c dose of racism and con on the question of treat equally and fairly.
And the governmen the name of securing Lanka and as a friend Perhaps it will also ac
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ess the Indian govtrain the feelings of bple have with their Sri Lanka, the Sri will have no option hterests in the Indian
the United States
aps President Jay
persuade President S support his gov. He will seek to tinued failure of his e the plantations and seek to explain away surrounds him and from mobilising the or the effective mantry. He will seek to ears of failing to go ) somehow stay in the
'ernment will seek to
Reagan that the he US will be served me which has posth has taken away the er of the main opposorganised intimidatby its goon squads idges of the Supreme
nt will seek to perin that the best cure blems that face Sri ctive management of ountry, but a strong tinued intransigence ing the Tamil nation
it will do all this, in g democracy in Sri of the Shah of Iran. ld that the national
APRIL 1984
interests of the United States in the Indian region will be best served by alienating the feelings of more than 50 million Tamils.
O . . . but, in the meantime, a "Biafra' style operation in Tamil areas . . .
And as the talking goes on, we fear that more and more Tamils will be killed in the weeks and months ahead. We fear that no young Tamil will be safe in Sri Lanka. We fear that the killings will be legitimised on the ground either that they were the result of rivalry between different Tamil liberation groups or that they were in retaliation against so-called “ambushes'.
We fear that in this way, the Sri Lankan government will seek to blunt the feelings of moral outrage amongst the people of the world - a moral outrage which found expression in the international media in July and August 1983. We fear that the Tamils of Sri Lanka will be called upon to pay a heavy price in terms of human life and suffering for their struggle to be free from a continuing oppression.
O. . . and we hope and we pray that we are Wrong . . .
We hope that the Sri Lankan government will prove us wrong. But if the Sri Lankan government proves us right then it might well remember the words of an Indian patriot in 1907 that in martyrdom there is an incalculable spiritual magnetism which works miracles. The soil which has drunk the blood of the martyr imbibes with it a sort of divine madness which it breathes into the heart of all its children, until there is but one overmastering idea, one imperishable resolution in the minds of all, beside which all other hopes and interests fade into insignificance and until it is fulfilled, there can be no peace or rest for the land or its rulers.'
This is the lesson of history and the Tamil people will provide no exception to its teachings. And those who do not learn from history are condemned to re-live it.
- f7.50 f12.50/S20.00 r International
on W1390N
lue of
NO TAMIL BASES IN MALAYSIA
Malaysia has described as baseless the claim by a Sri Lankan newspaper that the Tamil Liberation Army has set up bases on its territory.
The deputy foreign minister, Mr Abdul Kadir Sheikh Fadzir, yesterday said Malaysia's policy had always been that of non-interference in the internal affairs of other nations.
Newspaper report
He was commenting on a newspaper report that the guerrilla group now fighting for a separate Tamil state in the island had set up bases in Malaysia.

Page 15
APRIL 1984
ENTHRONEMENT OF FALSEHOOD IN SRI LANK
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3
awkward questions to the Minister, but what was the net result? The Sinhala public has been served another acceptable dish of falsehoods!
Dastardly events
Let us go back the dastardly events of July 24, 1983 in Jaffna. Within ten hours of the midnight ambush of July 23 when 13 soldiers of the Sri Lanka army were killed by the Liberation Tigers, army reprisals against the peaceful civilian population had begun in Jaffna.
Armed army personnel in civils hijacked a mini-passenger van and went on an indiscriminate shooting spree and left over 40 Tamils dead, on streets and homes. When the Jaffna police began gathering evidence about the killings, the order came from the Ministry of Defence in Colombo that there shall be no inquiries or judicial inquests, and action be taken to ensure that the bodies be handed over to the relatives and immediate cremation be stipulated. No burials will be permitted, said the order, even in the case of Christians.
A reference to this Jaffna massacre was published in the “GUARDIAN', London, in its issue of August 7. David Beresford in a despatch from Colombo, said: “President Jayewardene of Sri Lanka claimed yesterday that his army withheld information
from him on massac mitted in the norther Asked yesterday why held in the Jaffna in ewardene said: “I di ple of days ago. It is David Beresford i had said: "The leade1 A. Amirthalingam, Jaffna, has claimed President the day af place, Monday July said: “We’ll look ir necessary to stop it.' least two other prom are believed to hav resentations to the l same day. The Pr. inquests have been informed too late.'
It is quite possibl from Madras on Api Sri Lanka might not in Chunnakam on M will be informed to May - so that nothil little matters like in Anyway, who w some misguided foo Truth? But who war anyway? The State ( with the Tamils, and fools know, all's fair
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TAMIL TIMES 1
A
es that had been comregion of Jaffna. . . no inquests had been tance, President Jaylnot know until a cou
too late now.' ' h a separate despatch of the Opposition Mr who lives outside hat he telephoned the er the massacre took 25, to inform him. He to it and do what is 'Beresford added: "At inent figures in Jaffna e made similar represidential office the sident says that no held because he was
e that as I write this il 15, the President of be aware of the killings arch 28. Probably he late' - sometime in ng could be done about
quests.
ants inquests, unless l wants to know the its to know the Truth of Sri Lanka is at war
in war, as in love, as all
INTERNATIONAL TAMIL CONFERENCE
An International Conference organised by the Tamils of USA and Canada will be held from June 30 to July 2, 1984. The objectives are: (a) To promote the Cultural Heritage
of the Tamils of the World. (b) To address the matters affecting the future of the Tamils as a people all over the world. (c) To assemble the best personnel available within and outside the Tamil Community for the creation of an International Tamil Centre in New York. (d) To deliberate on the Human Rights Violations of the Tamils of Sri Lanka.
The headquarters for the Conference will be the Holiday Inn, Nanuet, New York.
For further particulars, contact the Secretary at 89 Tennyson Drive, Nanuet, New York, 10954, USA. Tel (914) 623-6510.
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Page 16
16 TAMIL TIMES
KUMAR ANANDAN'S
We published in our December issue the setting up of a Fund to assist Kumar Anandan, the well known multi-world record holder, to make an attempt on a 4-way swim of the English Channel.
Since then, he has been training for a minimum of 4 hours a day. He trains at the Mitcham Sports Grounds and at the Tottenham Court Road Y.M.C.A. When he called at our office last week, he was a different man from the chubby person we saw in December. He now looks more like himself before his near fatal accident in 1981: he looks really fit.
Anandan was disappointed at the response to the Fund Appeal. Towards the £6,000 required for a 4-way attempt, only £245 has been received sofar by the Tamil Times'. This does not meet even one quarter of the cost of one-way swim. The official body for this swim, the English Channel Swimming Association's fee for a one-way swim alone is around £1,000. This includes supply of two boats, for officials and for piloting. Even for a two-way swim, he will need £3,000. Due to the poor response Anandan has not been able to devote his full effort and concentration on training.
If he had had sufficient funds, he would liked to have stayed at the Central Y.M.C.A. and trained there. This way, he would have been able to swim in the Y.M.C.A. pool whenever he liked. Time is running short for this "neversay-die’ sportsman. He is confident he can do a two-way swim which no Asian has done before. He says he will keep going as long as he can beyond the two-way mark. In his
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APRIL 1984
CHANNEL SWIM FUND
previous record-breaking attempts, Anandan kept going until
he broke the record or collapsed. During his 187-hour cycling record, he was knocked down by a car on the fifth day and broke his collar bone and two ribs, yet he completed the last three days cycling with these fractures. Such is the man's spirit.
We are convinced he can do it. However, he will not be able to make the attempt if at least £3,000 is not collected for even a two-way swim. That will be a real tragedy - success will be a credit to all of us. However, we are confident that Tamil Times' subscribers and other well-wishers will come to his rescue. His visa has been extended up to December 1984 on our sponsorship. In granting the extension, the British Home Office has added a footnote, "Wishing you the best of luck for your swim'.
Anandan is determined to swim in August even if he has to beg or borrow to meet the bare expenses. This is the first time that a man will be attempting to swim the English Channel with a pin and a plate holding his hip and leg together.
Please send your cheques (crossed A/C Payee only) to the Kumar Anandan Channel Swim Fund, c/o Tamil Times, P.O. Box 304, London, W139QN
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APRIL 1984
FROM THE PRES
BEWARE OUR ENEMY'S FRIEND
Sri Lanka is working itself up into a war psychosis. It sees two enemies: the Tamil terrorists, who ambushed some air force men in Tamil-dominated Jaffna last week and provoked them into running amok, leaving 14 dead; and India, which expressed 'regret' over the death of the Tamils and thus caused official outrage in Sri Lanka. The Prime Minister, Mr Premadasa, claimed on television this week that India was supporting an imminent invasion of its southern island neighbour.
The most articulate man in Sri Lanka's Cabinet, Mr Lalith Athulathmudali, has been put in charge of a new Ministry of National Security and given sweeping emergency powers in the Tamil north and east of the country. A national defence fund has been established as an exercise in mass mobilisation and to finance the island's new effort to defend our shores.
“How long can we tolerate this nonsense? Mr Premadasa asked, in a parliamentary debate set off by an Indian report that training camps for Tamil rebels were operating in southern India. The new Security Minister, who doubles as deputy Defence Minister, speaks more coolly about India, making a distinction that others fail to make between the policies of the Tamils of Madras and those of the government in Delhi. But behind the ritual bows to the traditional ties of friendship, relations between Sri Lanka and its big sister to the north are worsening fast.
Mutual distrust
And so are relations between Sri Lanka's Sinhalese majority and the Tamils, who were the object of Sinhalese communal passions last July. The round table conference which was convened in January to devise a way of accommodating Tamil grievances has foundered on mutual distrust and a revival of Sinhalese communalism. When the parties reassemble in May, it will be only to perform the last rites. One result of the failure at the conference has been to destroy the credibility of the Tamil parliamentary party, the TULF, which for 20 years has won more than 75 per cent of the Tamil vote.
The TULF took the risk of sitting down with the enemy because it believed presidential promises to bring in an Indianmediated plan for greater local autonomy. In the event, even President Jayewardene dissociated himself from the draft he had worked out with Mrs Gandhi's envoy, and his party refused to give the Tamils anything at all. So the real winners of the argunant are the Tamil Tiger terrorists who will
now appear, to the m Lanka's north and ee alternative.
Mir Athulathmud: for a counter-terrori believes to be th strategy. The first ta disturbances in th spread southward. T south than it was last 22 per cent inflation discontent. The secc provoke Indian inter India that Sri Lank Indian security by h comalee base to the A Sri Lanka's Prime India is already prov
“THE ECO
FROM AMANEST ON TOR
Father Aparanam
Gurunagar is one of cited in the “Report national Mission to - 9 February 198. 1983) as places in wil the security forces reported to have b treated.
Father Singaray Welikada Prison, C January 1983. T Amnesty Internatio that the treatment he Army Camp appear eyes, and that he reading.
On 17 January 1' Tamils - two of th were charged with regarding the pers Neervely Bank in N ming the police of offence and failing 1 the whereabouts of mitted the offence'.
 
 

S. O O
illions of Tamils in Sri st, as the only political
li is basing his plans it struggle on what he e Tigers' two-stage sk would be to set off north which then he tinder is drier in the summer as a result of and mounting urban nd phase would be to vention by convincing a means to threaten anding over its Trinmericans. To listen to Minister this week, oked.
NOMIST”, 7.4.84)
'Y'S FILE TURE
Singarayar f several army camps of an Amnesty InterSri Lanka, 31 January 2' (published in July hich detainees held by under the IPTA are een tortured and ill
var was moved to (olombo, probably in he following April nal received a report received in Gurunagar ed to have harmed his was having difficulty
983 he and five other Lem also clergymen — "having information ons who robbed the Aarch 1981, not inforthe commission of the to inform the police of the persons who comHe was also charged
AMIL TIMES 17
with having harboured suspects who had attacked the Chavakacheri police station in October 1982 and of withholding information on the movements and whereabouts of the suspects.
The six Tamil defendants were produced in court briefly on 6 February 1983, but their trial, which was due to begin the following June, has been repeatedly postponed and applications for bail denied.
While at Welikada Prison, Father Singarayar witnessed the killing on 25 and 27 July 1983 of some of the 53 Tamil prisoners being held in the prison under the PTA. The killings occurred during attacks reportedly carried out by Sinhalese inmates.
Refused to leave
Father Singarayar was himself attacked, but survived with his five co-accused and was subsequently moved with other Tamil prisoners to Batticaloa Prison in eastern Sri Lanka. Most of the Tamil prisoners held there under the IPTA escaped on 23 September 1983, but Father Singarayar reportedly refused to leave and is still there.
Amnesty International has asked the Sri Lankan government to hold an independent inquiry into allegations that Father Singarayar was tortured. It has repeatedly appealed for him to be tried or immediately released.
Torture has been a long-standing concern of Amnesty International in Sri Lanka under the present and previous administrations. Reports of torture have regularly been put before Sri Lanka's parliament by members of the Opposition, and evidence of torture, supported by affidavits, legal testimonies and medical reports, has been presented in Sri Lanka's Court of Appeal and in the Supreme Court.
Please send courteous letters:
o urging that Father Singarayar be either tried or immediately released, and that he be humanely treated while in detention,
to urging that the alleged torture of Father Singarayar be impartially investigated and that those responsible be brought to justice:
O urging the authorities to issue clear instructions to all lavenforcement personnel that torture will not be tolerated under any circumstances.
Send your appeals to: His Excellency President J.R. Jayewardene, Presidential Secretariat, Republic Square, Colombo l, Sri Lanka; and to: His Excell ency The Hon . Y. B. Werapitiya, Minister of Internal Security, Ministry of Internal Security, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
(By courtesy of "AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL NEWSLETTER, April 1984)
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Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
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parliament, the Civil by the eminent Que Nadesan, appealed to the Speaker not to p troversial motion. B unheeded.
The Civil Rights N ment issued to the pı
The proposal is violates the concept o the judiciary which structure of our const such a select committ the powers of parlial ancillary to the ex power. Parliament h visory function over whom its power is lin office for proved incapacity, such incapacity has to be p cedure as envisaged constitution and mu the independence of
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that any inquiry must judicial tribunal sim under the Judges. In India. In Sri Lanka r yet been created.
"The Chief Justice damental right of fr and people are free to express contrary viev that restraint on sucl
u

JUDICARY
APRIL 1984
T. MOVES
NST JUDCIARY
Sri Lanka has become stigation by a parnmittee at the instignt. Following a deciting presided over by ardene, a motion was ament on April 14 to lmittee to investigate remarks made by the fille Samarakone, QC, ze-giving ceremony. ed step against the ær in the country has tional questions. The ent staged a walk-out government's move. Association and the ent have condemned ion. The Bar Associe was no provision in of the Parliament to mittee to inquire into e of the highest court
otion was discussed in Rights Movement led en's Counsel, Mr S. the government and roceed with the conBut the appeal went
Aovement, in a stateess, said: unconstitutional as it f the independence of is part of the basic tution. The actions of ee would be ultra vires ment as they are not ercise of legislative as no judicial superjudges, in respect of nited to removal from misbehaviour or misbehaviour or roved by proper proby Article 107 of the st be consistent with he judiciary which is onstitution. It follows be by an independent ilar to that provided quiry Act of 1968 in o such procedure has
has exercised his funeedom of expression counter his views and is. It should be noted | expression of views
by judges is found in the constitution unlike in the case of army personnel and police officers. If nevertheless it is felt that the expression of such views impairs his functioning as a judge and warrants his removal from office then the only constitutional course of action open would be by means of a notice of resolution signed by one-third of the Members of Parliament asking for his removal, and the following of the proper machinery for investigating allegations of misbehaviour or incapacity envisaged in Article 107 of the constitution referred to above. The fact that so far this machinery has not provided, does not justify parliament resorting to unconstitutional methods which in effect undermine the independence of the judiciary.'
What the Chief Justice said
Very few persons holding such high office would have ventured out so frankly and publicly as the Chief Justice did when he spoke recently at a prize-giving ceremony. Apart from his rather oversimplistic explanation about the causes of the 1983 July violence, his remarks were, by and large, to the point and could not be contradicted.
Explaining the difficulties he faced in regard to the filling of vacancies in the Judicial Service Department, the Chief Justice said:
"For the past one year we have been trying our best to fill about 492 vacancies. Several have been eyeing these Jobs. But we have a ruling imposed on us that we should recruit only from a place called the Job Bank. I believe all you people have heard of
this Job Bank.
It has no place, no buildings, it is only in name, but it is a most powerful place because if I recruit somebody from outside I am surcharged for the salaries for one whole month or well over 18 months. I was trying to fill these vacancies.
The Job Bank send me once a month or so five or ten people who have got on to the Job Bank list through their MPs. Half of them are unemployed. Some of them are supposed to be typists but they cannot type a word. They can't spell. But we have to employ them. Some of them have the impertinance to bring letters from MPs which I throw into the waste paper basket. I cannot employ them and I am finding it very difficult to run the establishement.
"I'm telling you all this to illustrate that the employable, educated youth of this country are unable to get jobs outside the Job Bank. The Job Bank is a fraud on the

Page 19
APRIL 1984
youth of this country. It is like the blood bank. You have to wait for the donor and the donor here is the MP.
Cost of living - galloping
"The cost of living has been rising. I went to Australia in October. When I left the country at that time a coconut used to be Rs. 1.25, but after I returned it was Rs.6.00. A loaf of bread, which was 60 cents in 1977, is today Rs.3.05. I believe, correct me if I am wrong, rice, which was one or two rupees in 1977 is today eight rupees to eleven rupees.
"I got those figures from my stenographers and my clerks because I wanted to find out why they were not taking rice. How can a man live like that? I have one minor employee who, because of all the rising costs of living, left Colombo and went back to his village in Kandy.
"He gets up at 2 o'clock in the morning and takes the train and comes here at 8 o'clock, takes the train back at 5 o'clock and goes home at 10 o'clock. There are a number of them travelling from various parts of the country. Some of the senior employees also travel from Galle because they can't afford to live here (Colombo).
The cost of living today is not merely rising but is galloping. Galloping like a race horse that has thrown its rider. And such a horse with no rider is out of control. That is what's happening today. The minor employees, especially the government servants, are in dire need. So if you want a job, the only one is in the mercantile sector.
"It is not easy for those who have no regular jobs. But the rich have always been all right. And so I want to tell you that the public service is good for me and good for those of us who are highly paid. Good for those who have free cars, free chauffeurs and petrol. We must be thankful for it.
President on poverty line
"I read some time ago in the “SUN” paper that the President has said that his salary isa pauper's salary, and that he is living on the poverty line. I am surprised he is an elected representative of the people. He has all the powers; all the palaces in Nuwara Eliya and Kandy. They are paying a hell of a lot of money to keep him in poverty. It costs the country a hell of a lot of money to keep me in poverty on my pauper's salary. But we are a class by ourselves. I know it is difficult now even to join the public sector or the private sector to maintain ourselves the way we should be maintained. I am referring to this as I find our people are taking bribes. I cannot blame them.'
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UARY in, MD, MRCP
, after a very brief illin the 6th April in Col73.
ound performance as an in Royal College - rugger, football and blours in all four branentered the University o embark on a medical m to the very pinnacle General Hospital, Col
ngland to complete his College, London. In t-graduate studies, he work in the campaign of which he was later id Director. He was by the Queen for his
S.
three daughters - Mrs , Dr Shanthi Wilson
Dr.R. Wilson and Mrs Kalashini Miller, and a son Deva Kumar who is a teacher at Trinity College, Kandy. His wife, Rasamany, predeceased him three years ago.
John was known for his strong Christian convictions and he practised medicine in a spirit of self-sacrifice. He took up work in the Tuberculosis campaign because during the last war and immediately following it TB had become a scourge in Sri Lanka.
'Lives of great men all remind us If we could make our lives sublime And departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time.'
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Page 20
20 TAMIL TIMES
LIBERATION OR DIS THE CHA
The Tamil nation of Eelam is at the most turbulent conjuncture of its history in our living memory. It is a conjuncture produced by the cumulative effects of a political history of a hundred years. What began as Sinhala Buddhist revivalism in the late 19th century has become an oppressive Sinhala chauvinism and its enthronement as a ruling ideology has been amply documented and analysed in recent times by many Sri Lankan Scholars - many of them Sinhalese of Marxist persuasion.
With every passing day as more and more Sinhalese become de-sensitised to the real causes of Tamil grievances and give their overt and covert approval to Sinhala state terrorism more and more Tamils become convinced of separation as the only way out. Most Tamils have been driven to this decision by a process of negative reasoning based on the bitter experiences of day today life. This alone is ample testimony to the fact that the Tamil people had long believed in living together with the Sinhalese as citizens of a united Lanka. But with each bout of genocide and its increasing ferocity and inhumanity this hope has been shattered as far as at least 70 per cent of the Tamils are concerned.
llnescapable alternative
An independent homeland for the Tamil nation which has traditionally inhabited the northern and eastern provinces has become an inescapable logical alternative thrust on the Tamils by a history made by the forces of Sinhala chauvinism. It is an irony of Sri Lanka's recent history that the very Sinhala Buddhist forces which took upon themselves the task of "preserving Sri Lanka's integrity under a unitary state became the
agents that precipitat the separatist demanc not unusual in histor forth its antithesis. ification one may mak hopeless hour of the s the Tamils will still ac solution. This aga tinctiveness of Eelan that has evolved in Sinhalese people in Lanka. The Tamils h than “fair share' of co ation of the island civ over 2,500 years.
Even the most rab implicitly admits th:
By Shant
viewing reality throug prism, that Tamils ha their “fair share' in the and other fields. Noth role played by the Ta which includes the M of Lanka.
But federation anc have been completel UNP government. " made its stand clear a political party with a base among the Sinh to go beyond the em trict Development C comedy of 'amity tal with great fanfare to ti excellency, the oppre went into top gear :
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AHL 984
ASTER2 - FACING
LLENGE
ed the conditions for . But such ironies are 7. Every thesis brings An important quale even at this darkest, elfsame history is that cept a genuine federal In shows the disTamils as a nation a soil shared by the he large context of ave made their more Intribution to the creilisation of Lanka for
id Sinhala chauvinist s when he charges,
a Mithran
h his own ideological d enjoyed more than economy, education ing can obliterate the mil-speaking people, uslims, in the making
i regional autonomy y over-ruled by the The SLFP has also ld there is not a single
respectable political lese that is prepared ty husks called Disouncils. As the tragiks' was being staged he 'exhileration' of his ssive State apparatus und Jaffna's military
mentioned 50 (UK/Sri mention
occupation became perfectly complete. The 'amity talks went into recess just as the armed forces resumed their rampage in Jaffna under the usual guise of 'apprehending terrorists”.
UNIP’s glib talker Lalith Athuladmudali, who served as the governmental spokesman for the 'amity talks, suddenly turned Minister of National Security and took a helicopter to Jaffna vowing to put an end to terrorism. He is now busy with his "mopping-up' operations.
Is there any hope of a negotiated settlement?
The question itself is ridiculous when seen in the light of the behaviour of the government. But it reflects the pathetic state of the Tamil leadership which seems remarkable only for its incapacity to grasp the immediate tasks that demand attention and accomplishment. But alas! It is a leadership that has always shied away from the challenge posed to it by the turbulent political developments of the national question. All Tamils of Eelam would prefer a peaceful solution but to believe that a peaceful and honourable solution is feasible under the present circumstances would amount to a dangerous delusion. Not many Tamils suffer from such delusion although they despise violence and bloodshed.
The Tamils can regain their dignity as a nation only through struggle. No oppressed nation in history has ever had any other option. If liberation is the negation of oppression then struggle is the dialectical motion of liberation.
Turning point
The present situation raises many questions concerning the political orientation and the organisation of the popular liberation movement. Past experiences need to be evaluated objectively without any room for sectarianism. The goal is to liberate the Tamil people and there cannot be a liberation movement without their active participation. The 1970s marked a turning point in the growth of the political consciousness of the Tamil people.
It was during this period that a popular and progressive Tamil nationalism became overtly expressed as a protest against ethnic discrimination which hit the lower middle and the poorer sections of the Tamil people on a large scale in the spheres of education, employment and other economic means of social mobility and against the overall relegation of the Tamils to a second-class status. With time the radical content of Tamil nationalism has developed almost in proportion to the escalation of oppression. Youth militancy is the most visible manifestation of this radicalisation. People have

Page 21
APRIL 1984
protected the guerrillas in the midst of enormous hardships including mass murders and rapes visited on them by the occupation army which often gives vent to its wrath by resorting to such acts after suffering a guerrilla attack.
In the eyes of the people the guerrillas are liberation fighters and the Sinhala army personnel are blood-thirsty murderers, vandals and rapists. People feel what they live. They do participate in the struggle but in a passive unorganised way. They are basically defenceless in a situation of escalating military atrocities. This defencelessness has made them pay heavily in terms of lives, property and general safety.
It is time we asked the question how to make the people defend themselves and play their historic role in the liberation struggle. Different liberation groups speak more or less in the same political language; their goal and the avowed means are all the same. They all speak of mobilising the people. But they are not willing to talk to each other and create a united front. We see continuous fission in their ranks and this has severely depressed the morale of the people.
A continuation of this situation cannot be good for the cause. It can only help the enemy to tighten its oppression of the Tamil people. We should be willing to learn the lessons of other liberation struggles in addition to having a fuller comprehension of the context of the Tamil struggle, its friends and enemies and the path it must traverse in order to win. All peopls have their traditions of struggle although some have yet to make their major revolutions.
The Eelam Tamils may not have a great revolutionary heritage but they have certainly had phases of struggles in which there was wider mass participation. Some of these struggles have occurred in the form of civil disobedience against the implementation of the Sinhala Only Act. We have also had mass action of a more militant form against untouchability. Of course, the struggles were led by different political movements. In today's context we must pull together every little strand of past actions of protest and assimilate them into our political consciousness. That is how the past is made to serve the present in any struggle.
Basic lessons
It is of paramount importance to understand the basic lessons of all successful liberation struggles in the third world. They have relied on an integration of different levels of organisations and practice in a hierachical order headed by a party which enjoyed the growing confidence of the masses by virtue of its correct and able leadership. Can we regard the TULF as such a party? Has it ever dared to mobilise the Tamil people to struggle in a sustained way along the “Gandhian lines to which it pays
lip service from plat press interviews?
Going by the expe years it can be said create a political par the struggle is to brin liberation forces, acco principles. If the go state then it is import tical and economic fr the aspirations of tl phrase like Socialist inadequate but could absence of a proper Socialism itself ha meanings, good and the people. The term clarifies the political USCITS.
It would seem that of liberation are very content. People's asp. and economically se belonging to differe eration from a comr national oppression th for a broad united m ferent classes. The diu of the struggle have t due regard to the dive of the forces that will bone of the mass moi
Crucia social relat
How does the libera rammatise the struggl of the different sectio we have a political eco society in terms of ( their needs and inte crucial social relatio society and the entire economy of Tamil Ee mulate the agrarian q area of Tamil Eel demands of the fishin is the character and p the working class in t does caste oppression incorporate the strug broad political strate the main forces of th
These are some of out for answers imm cannot be found frc guesswork. They c through collective in reflection and exchar
Until we have con and several other r comprehension of th sides and its course ir tical situation in wh cannot be properly v. Tamil liberation or cerned groups and non-Tamils began at seriously to these mat won and lived perm:

orms and in foreign
ience of the past few hat the only way to y capable of leading g about a unity of the rding to certain basic l is an independent ant to define its poliamework in terms of Le Tamil people. A
Eelam is not only be misleading in the political programme. s acquired varied bad, in the minds of often beclouds than stand of some of its
that immediate tasks much democratic in rations are to be free cure. Tamil people nt classes want libnon oppressor. It is lat provides the basis ass movement of difrection and the stages ) be determined with rsity in class interests
constitute the back
Wement.
tions
tion movement progefor the mobilisation ns of the people? Do nomic analysis of our lass formations and rests? What are the is within the Tamil island that define the am? How do we foruestion for the whole m? What are the communities? What olitical significance of he Tamil areas? How work and how do we gle against it into the y? Finally, what are liberation struggle? he questions that cry diately. But answers m text books or by an be found only estigation, analysis, ge. rete answers to these lated questions our
struggle will be lopthe complex geopolich we find ourselves ualised. It is time all anisations and conhdividuals including dressing their minds ers if freedom is to be hently.
TAMIL TIMES 21
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APRIL 1984
woMANs wARsity NA AFTER MOTHER TERE
The first woman's university in Tamil Nadu was inaugurated on March 2 by Mother Teresa and it was named after her by the State Chief Minister, Mr M.G. Ramachandran.
Laying the foundation-stone for the new university buildings, the Chief Minister said Mother Teresa was an embodiment of all that was good in woman, and he could not think of a better name for the university.
Mr Ramachandran said the women's university was not just a degree-conferring institution. Its main objective was to undertake research on women's welfare and to suggest schemes for providing equal rights for women and ensuring that they need not always be subordinate to men.
The Chief Minister said the State Government's vocational education scheme would be included in the next Five Year Plan with the help of the Central Government, and introduced from 1985. The Tamil Nadu Government had formulated several schemes for the welfare of people which would be announced in the budget. He appealed to people to co-operate with the GSovernment and offer suggestions for the successful implementation of schemes.
Mother Teresa, inaugurating the university, said it was fitting that a university
was being started exc “The woman gives li family, which pra together. If we stay 1 one another, and Goc "Let us not allow an hunger, or pine for lo are works of peace. greatest joy in life.'
Mr Malcom S. At chairman of the com set up the women's functions of the u monitoring all discrim and girls in schools acting as consultants and universities to eli between men and woI schemes for women's
HONOURED
Mother Teresa called one another with a contribute to peace in Addressing a speci Madras University, v her the degree of Do causa). She said: “A happening throughol traced to the absen
passion.'
MALE ORDERLES ACCUSED OF HOSPITAL MURDER
Six male nursing orderlies have been charged with the murder of a police subinspector when he was a patient in a hospital in the Sri Lankan capital. They are accused of using knives and clubs to kill Inspector S. Waswaran during last July's disturbances.
The inspector, who was stationed at Matara in the south, was at home in Colombo on sick leave when he was attacked by a gang on July 29. The magistrate refused an application for bail. The case continues.
NDIAN R WNS AW
Mr Poneserill Somas fessor of mineral eng University, the Unite the youngest recipie Gaudin Award give Mining Engineers an tute of Mining, m roleum Engineers
Somasundaran, who
been cited for his o cerning the role of s the beneficiation off installed as a Disting Society on October
AIME autumn meet
coMING EVENTs
Tamil Women's League in UK
There will be a social evening on Friday, 27th April, from 7 to 10p.m. at Hampstead Town Hall, Haverstock Hill, London, NW3 (Near Belsize Park Tube Station). Tickets are priced at £2 (adults) and El (Children). Food and drink available. For more information and tickets, please call 01-2262367 after 4p.m.
S.C.O.T Tani
Tickets priced at (children) are a Treasurer, Mr M Brook Avenue, Ed HA8 9XV. As usu at the Lola Jones I off Garratt Lane SW17.
 

TAMIL TIMES 23
MED SA
lusively for women. fe to a family. The ys together, stays ogether we will love
loves us . y single child to die of ve. All works of love Sharing love is the
diseshaiah, MP, and mittee constituted to university, said the niversity would be ination between boys and removing them; of schools, colleges minate discrimination men; and formulating
welfare.
upon people to love pure heart and thus
the world.
al convocation of the which conferred upon ictor of Laws (honoris ll the terrible things ut the world could be ce of love and com
NO CURBS ON TRAVEL TO INDIA BY SRI LANKANS”
The Deputy High Commissioner for Sri Lanka in Madras has denied as "misleading and incorrect' certain press reports that the Sri Lankan government has introduced new regulations restricting travel to India by Sri Lankans.
A press release by the Deputy High Commission says: The existing exchange control regulations permit an allocation of 2,000 Indian rupees per individual for travel to Indian group countries comprising India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangla Desh, Burma and Maldives, once every two years for holiday or pilgrimage. Similarly, the cost of airpassage could also be met only once in a two-year period. There is no restriction on the number of prepaid tickets and no restriction on travel by train.
Certain agents had not followed the procedures and have been selling air tickets more than once in two years. Hence, the present notification to travel agents is only an administrative procedure to ensure their compliance with existing regulations.
“It is important to note that the Controller of Exchange has drawn attention to travel agents to existing regulations in the context of the need to conserve foreign exchange and not with a view to placing any new restrictions on travel to India, adds the press release.
RESEARCHER IN U.S.
WARD
undaran, 44, a proineering at Columbia 2d States, has become nt of the Antoine M. n by the Society of d the American Instietallurgical and Pet
of the US. Prof. hails from Kerala, has utstanding work conurface phenomena in ine particles”. He was uished Member of the 21, during the SMEng in Salt Lake City,
Utah.
Prof. Somasundaran's research in flo
tation (separation of components of
crushed one etc., by their different capacities to float) flocculation (formation of five particles into masses) and grinding of minerals and enhanced oil recovery is supported by the US Department of Energy, National Science Foundation of the US and some companies.
Prof. Somasundaran, son of Mr M.G. Kumara Pillai, a freedom fighter, has conducted research on Indian resource problems. He has for instance developed a scheme for the beneficiation of rock phosphate available in plenty near Missouri, but which is of low quality.
leWYear Lunch
4 (adults) and El failable from the i. Thiagarajan, 24 geware, Middlesex, al, the lunch will be all, Greaves Place, Tooting, London
London Tamil Congregation
The annual Easter Service will be conducted this year by the Rev. Swaminathan Jacob who has now returned to the United Kingdom and has taken up charge of a Methodist Church in Oxford (78, Burford Road, Carterton, Oxford OXA 3AE). The service will be at 4p.m. on Sunday, 22 April at Putney Methodist Church.

Page 24
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