Page 1
an
TIME
Wol. W No.8
* , , A TAMILTIMESIA AMA ISSN 0266-4488 SAMOS
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1 Published · monthly by AA | TAMILTIMES, LTD., ASG P.o. Box. 304 6959 A London W139QN is
is United Kingdom میں لمحے WWWW A CONTENTS SAKA | կլ II նն Կլ է | Editorial.......... ... .......... 2 Without comment............. 3
100s killed in massacre
4
1 of Tamilsυση την ηπειτα ανατοι Tamil villages burned ASA and looted yety. Traditional Homelands * of Tamils of Sri Lanka την και η Tamils must be allowed it, tj. to stay in UK,............................. 7.
t Non-discrimination and ''''' self-determinationar 8.9 The Legitimacy of 臀 2. Indial COCern......... .......... 10 Tamil Welfare & Campaign Group formed .......................11
The Legacy of fift,
Tambi Mudalyar, siirtystis;12-14 || Letters to the Editor...naan, ........ 15
state Terrorism: '''I''') Sukhran's Diary....... 16, 17 What others Say........................, 18
Quotable Ομοιοδήγηση " .
Tourist Hotel blown up...ii.20,
Views expressed by contributors are not
Teturn ofurisdicted manuscripಜ,
* "a".
The publishers assume no responsibility Jr, T
, או rk ATםartwם
eshire. Po
necessarily those of the editor or the
■飞 Pinted ;tmဝံ့ဝံ့ 21-22 Arkwright Road, I
W.
Hopes for a politic til flicti ST expressed yet agai hopes will materiali depend on the prepa Länkar i goverlinirle. accept and IIIeet the alaspirations and ri people,
The reel Wis Jayawardere to N: discussicos with * t Minister Rajiv Gan to have caused a Sud in Sri Lanka, Rep0|| indicate that the (1rdered i L1rlilaterål the se curity forces l'8 WIl to the båITTE
Undeclared War
While the goverth has all along mainta ity forces were dire against the Tamil fact was taking pl: clared ruthless War of the morth - and ea The main brint and was directed at the whole. The imposit zone, the creation of along the northern IIlent of Wernight c1 restrictions. On m' and Wehicles, the II daily indis CTiTTirat Indi deteIt iib Il bf T: IIlass evacuation of Where they ha West! the sending in of th Sinha les et CTiIThirl8 Tarmil areas, and W Of Tamil El Ormes all together constituted a total War upon the this context 'cease appropriate te T11 : f government has pri
Indian role
Although the Tam Hla We S. far. Il Colt Illa
 
 
 
 
 

JUNE 1985
EASE FIRE,
ΗAT NEXTP
all soluti bil to the i Lanka are being l, Whether those se into reality Will redless of the Sri rht to TE COgnise, legitimate nationights of the Tamil
it Of PTESident W II) elhi imidl his g India Il Prille dhi Would appear |den turrl of events rts from Colombo government has ceasefire and that would be with. cks,
lelt of Sri La Ilıka illed that its Securciting their actions militants, what in was in undeil the T III'S St. Cof the COLLItty, thrList of this WaT Tamil people as a iom of '' a Secourity a prohibited zone Dast, the elforceLIrfews, the sever we ment of people SSiWe al all Ost e killing torture mil" (ciWilia I15, the Tamil5 from a Tels raditionally, lived, ousands of armed 1 elements ilt) Fanton destruction d property all put | nothing less tha II Tarlnil people. Il :fire" may be an or the action the oposed,
it is lil militant groups de any pron (ILInce
ments in response to the new developments, there appears to be no doubt that the goverlinent's move was preceded by some sort of indication as to what the militants' response would be. That India has played a vital role in this new, development is mot in doubt, The joint communique issued following the meeting between Rajiv Gandhi and Jayawardene placed emphasis on the need for the parties to take steps to defuse the current tense and violent situation. The present move seems to be in the direction of achieving just t1ät.
In spite of the bogus bravado of the Sri Lankan National Security Minister. Mr. Lalith Athulathmudali, it became increasingly clear to everyone that the government was not winning the battle against the Tamil militants who had time and time again, demonstrated their capacity to strike even at places regarded as Sinhala heartlands and inflict heavy casualties upon the security forces. While political windbags indulged in mock heroics and empty rhetoric, the true professionals in the game distinctly saw the Clear writing on the wall. Brigadier Nalin Seneviratile, the present Army Commander candidly admitted a few nonths ago, "We can I ever Will this. (OLuT Writ dJes Inot, r"LLII1 bey0rld II the sandbags that surround OLT camps and we can only do a holding operation.
Anшradһаршra massacre
Whoever carried out the Anuradhapura killings, it would appear to have had the effect of opening the eyes of Some of the most obdurate, extrellist sections of the chauvinist Buddhist clergy. The reaction to this episode was LIIlé of Sudden Shock in its im mediate aftermath, and later, a gradual realisation that the violence ald killing was not going to be one-sided all the time, that is, against the Tamils only. So, those sections, including the Buddhist clergy, which up to the Anuradhapura incidents vowed total elli
CONTINUED ON PAGE 3

Page 2
2 TAMILTIMES
The arrival of over 1,000 Tamils in the United Kingdom during the last tuvo months made banmer headlines in the British media. The news of Tamils fleeing Sri Lanka to escape the un mitigated terror and persecution was highlighted in a rather eataggerated and distorted manner with uncontrolled journalistic licence with headlines such as 'Flood of Tamil Refugees' and 'Influac of Tamils. The fact that those who came to the UK constituted only a fraction of over 40,000 Tamils who had sought refugee Status in other countries, did not seem to matter to those who wanted to blow up the problem out of all proportion. Compared with the thousands of British who emigrate every month, the arrival of about a thousand Tamils would have a negligible impact. This was completely ignored, if mot deliberately concealed.
While the Home Secretary, Leon Brittan announced the ітposition of aт штртrecedeтted visa requirement for Sri Lankans coming into the UK in order to satisfy the eactreme reactionairy right of the Tory party, many members of parliament, mainly of the Labour Party, British refugee, church and hu
TAMILSAS
man rights orga their voices in ding that the T treated uvith, hu sideration.
However, no the Sri Lankan siomer, Mr Chan la, did not hes boot in. He attri all of Tamil re intention "to pri eacodus to public For him to c Tamils in theirt young and the children, rich viduals and wh sick and the in land of their bir their homes, voc kith and kin an lands where th stay or their f итcertaiт, отl their cause, is a is absurd.
That the Sri I sador who is in after the inter Lankans, includ has shown such hштатitariат с Tamil refugees ( оит доретет, tion ofits obligo at least physical Tamil people wit
KILLERS ON THE ROAD
The desperate plight of the minority Tamil population in Sri Lanka, which has caused tens of thousands to flee to India and Western Europe, was gruesomely illustrated on a bus journey from the beleaguered Northern. Province yesterday.
A gang of about 20 murderous Sinhalese youths armed with iron bars stopped and surrounded our bus on a river bridge 105 miles north of Colombo. They were out Tamil-hunting.
Demanded identification
One of the young men hauled himself up through an open window and demanded to see identification cards of every male in the packed bus, which had left the Tamil border town of Vavuniya for the capital three hours earlier.
HAYDE ALLEGA
In response to the the Sri Lankan M
As the inspection youths pointed to a bank below. "Tamil a grin. The char skeleton could still burning branches a
The youth told me hauled out of a bu: 'No Tamils can C said. There were no as we drove off, lucky. After a few changes, the Sinhal parted to put the in minds. Report by David Pa 29.5.85)
 
 

f
JUNE 9
REFUGEES
nisations raised protest, demanumil refugees be татitariат сот
t ите среctedly . High Commisdra Monera uveltate to put the buted the arrivyfugees to their voke a massive rise their cause'. laim that the housands - the ld, иротет ата итd poor, ітdiole families, the firm leave the h and abandon ations and their d flee to foreign leir admission, uture is wholly y to publicise S amazing as it
латkат Атbasthe UK to look ests of all Sri ing the Tamils, callous lack of 'oncern for the only reflects his t’s total abdica'tion to provide security for the thin Sri Lanka.
The fact that over 200,0t Tamils of all ages have left Sri Lanka within the last few years demonstrates the serious disbility and persecution to which they are subjected. To suggest that they are 'economic refugees' is to avoid facing the reality of the massive violence and violations which the Tamil people face in Sri Lanka. That Only Tamils of all Sri Lankans are fleeing the country in Such large numbers is the practical consequence of that reality.
No One can suggest with any degree of justification that people in their thousands would go to a poor country like India for “economic reasons'. However. within the last two years over 100,000 Tamils have fled to neighbouring South India where they are housed in re.fидее сатрs.
The Tamil people of Sri Lатka are a people иvith a long and proud heritage speaking one of the oldest languages ктоит tо тат ата possessing ат атciетtата и еll developed culture. That such people should leave the country of their birth in their thousands seeking security in other lands only demonstrates the Scale and enormity of the persecution they face in their own country.
N DENIES SRI LANKA
\TION
allegation made by inister of National
went on, one of the fire on the river body,' he said with ed remains of a pe seen among the nd hot ashes. the nan had been earlier that day. pme through,” he ne on our bus and he shouted: “You light-hearted exese passengers decident out of their
lister, "Guardian',
Security that Tamils residing in Australia were funding a "terrorist' campaign in Sri Lanka, Mr Bill Hayden. the Australian Foreign Minister, during his recent visit to Sri Lanka, said: "He was unable to produce any evidence to support that view
Not appropriate
On the other hand, Mr Hayden said the Sri Lankan High Commission in Australia had sent a letter to all Sri Lankans in that country appealing for funds towards the campaign against Tamil militants. "My department spoke to the High Commission and said that it didn't seem appropriate for Such a letter to go out from a diplomatic mission,' Mr Hayden said.

Page 3
JUNE 1985
Timothy Birch: We've got one other flash point in India's external politics, which looks to be explosive in the near future, and that's in Sri Lanka, where the Tamil separatist movement is becoming even more activist. Where violence is growing. Where, from what I understand, from our conversation earlier, there looks like the beginnings of a separatist state, supported by India. Can I ask you Dean Brelis, how you see that one developing?
Dean Brelis: Well, I think that the Tamil separatists will increase their numbers in the north. Will increase their military operations in the north, and in my view it's very much like the situation was in Vietnam, just before TET, when guerrillas escalate the war
... from a guerrilla war to a conventional war, where they take and hold ground. And I expect to see these Tamil separatists announce that they have . . . a declaration of an independent state called Eelam(?). I think that the danger point is what will happen to
WITHOUT
the Tamils in the Sinhalese turned and they will do t I’m sure, if the Si north is losing, a because they've 1 tain the growth of moVement.
When this hap Will have to m whether or not Army in there, to in as shorter tim officers, as six ho and then present t Nations and ask Force to come in the south come ul then to negotiate. negotiations, not Birch: Is there co rapport with the speculation, Augu year, that Mrs Ga ly the same thin Army into Sri Lal tions. One presun
LLLLLLLLLLLLL
TAMIL NADU BISHOPS APPEAL TO RAJIV
An appeal to Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi to help find a solution to "rescue the helpless Tamils of Sri Lanka', has been made by 13 Catholic Bishops of Tamil Nadu. Most Rev. V.S. Selvainathar, Archbishop of PondicherryįCuddalore and President of the Tamil :Nadu Bishops Conference has signed the appeal on behalf of Most Rev. Dr. R. Arulappa, Archbishop of MadrasMylapore, Most Rev. Justin Diraviam, Archbishop of Madurai, and ten other Bishops representing all other dioceses. The Bishops have drawn particular reference to the 'murder of a Catholic priest in Mannar on 6th January
بـسمــمـمـالا
FROM PAGE 1. mination and the wiping out of the Tamil militants began calling upon the government to commence discussions with the Tamil militant leaders. Those who revilled at India soon suggested seeking the Indian government's assistance to start negotiations. Rajiv Gandhi was only too willing to extend this help.
“Cessation of hostile action' by the parties means nothing unless concrete steps are actually taken to deal with the fundamentals of the national question in Sri Lanka. The resolution of this question will ultimately depend upon the extent of self-government for th Tamil people in their traditional homelands.
În the afterma Jaffna police S 1985, by the fre cent civilians targets of reta ity Forces. Thc on a much re. the few killed a ly injured was studying for p Bro. Karunar certain death
passionate att
Rosary
While travel port at about 4 Brother Karu Severe shot-gu and shoulder v
SUIC
More than 50 go who were dismiss 1980 strike comm ing to a memora dent Jayawarden Clerical Service
Working condit
When over 50, longing to seve strike in July provement of the the So-called Dh of President J

OMMENT
outh. July 1983, the n them, ruthlessly, a same thing again, halese Army in the it surely will lose, ot been able to conhe Tamil separatist
ens, Rajiv Gandhi ke a decision on o send the Indian nake a de facto state , say Some Indian irs. A six-hour war, he fact to the United )r a United Nations to let Tamils from
into the north, and 3ecause there are no alks now.
lsiderable Congress Tamils? There was it, September of last ndhi would do exactg. Send the Indian ika before the elecles that momentum
AML I IVM So SS
continues and the rapport between her
son and the Tamils in the north con
tinues?
Brelis: The rapport deImitely continues. He has said, publicly, on severall occasions, that he does not want to have military intervention by the Indian Army, into Sri Lanka, but he has also expressed his concern about what's happening to the Tamils of Sri Lanka. He, I think, will feel that if they're slaughtering Tamils by the hundreds and thousands in the south, he will have no choice. All of India will tell him to go in. And it'll be very much like the Bangladesh situation, and there is no question about it, I don't think it's too optimistic for Indian Army officers to say they would end it in six hours. I think they've got that military capability.
(This is the text of an interview given by Mr Dean Brelis, New Delhi Bureau Chief of TIME magazine, broadcast over New Zealand radio on March 26, 1985
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
ONE N A THOUSAND
th of the attack om tation on 10th April edom fighters, innowere once again the
liation by the Secur
ugh this time is was duced scale, among nd the many seriousa major Seminarian riesthood, Reverend atnam. He escaped because of the comtude of a soldier.
ling in public trans
n injuries in his neck "hen an army c0mVOy
; passionate soldier found a rosary
following morning the helpless vic
00 p.m. om 12th April, N formed on his throat and shoulder.
haratnam sustained .
fired at the innocent occupants. He was then transferred into the Army truck. On examining the documents of identity in his possession, a com
which he wrapped round the neck of the injured victim, and made him feign dead. Being moved with compassion, the 'good Samaritan managed to find him a safe "inn' by throwing the victim pretending to be dead into a roadside bush. The
tim was removed to the Jaffna General Hospital, where an emergency operation was per
He attributes the narrow escape from certain death to the powerful weapon - the rosary.
IDE BY DISMISSED STRIKERS
ernment employees
emergency powers, dismissed them.
2d following the July.Vi.Several thousands of them still remain
tted Suicide, accordldum sent to Presiby the Government Jnion.
OS
)0 civil servants beal unions went on 980 demanding in.
working conditions, rmista govenrment yawardene, using
unemployed, undergoing great hardship. The majority of the strikers not yet reinstated belong to the De
partments and Ministries under the
control of Prime Minister R. Pre. madas and the President.
The GCSU has in its memorandum pointed out that, in addition to those who had committed suicide, over 200 of the dismissed strikers had met with untimely deaths during the last few years.

Page 4
4TAMILTIMES
ON-THE-SPOT REPO
10OS KILLED
MASSACRE O 25,000 hOnele
More than 100 Tamils, including women and children, have been killed in a week and about 25,000 made homeless by Sri Lankan security forces and Sinhalese mobs armed by solidiers, Tamil leaders said yesterday.
According to sources in Trincomalee, who asked mot to be identified because of fear of retaliation, between 150 and 200 Tamils, all of them men under 40, were detained by the security forces and there are fears that they too might have been killed. Twentythree villages are said to have been attacked and 1,000 homes set on fire. In the Tamil village of Mallikaitivu, the charred shells of 90 homes were still smouldering four days after what local people said was an attack by 75 Soldiers and 200-strong Sinhalese mob. The young man of Mallikaitivu pointed out the spots where they said four village elders, aged 90, 85, 70 and 65, had been shot dead because they had been too old to run away.
Pools of dried blo to the killing of T week in the Trinco ports of which have “false', 'highly exag cious', by the Sri La In Mallikaitivu, of young men ha village to Salvag looted or destroyed attack. Women, chi were still hiding in the climate of fear morning when m approached the vill ted, pot-holed road miles away, everyo paddy fields from v earned their living discovered that tro back to wreak mo villagers return.
They said the Sinhalese mob arriv Tuesday and spent
| AN URGEN
SRI LANKAN SECURITY FORCES AN WROUGHT HAVOC AND DESTRUCTI AKKARAPATHUAND BATTICALOAA
TENS OF THOUSANDS OF TAMILSH, THEIR POSSESSIONS.
THEY HAVE BECOME REFUGEESIN \ APPEALS FOR ASSISTANCE ON THE
The Standing Committee of Tamil Spea contribute generously towards the relie All donations will be individually ackno
Send your contributions to
SOOT 24 BrOok AV Edgware, Middlesex H United King
THFY NEED Υ
 

N
RTS BY “THE GUARDAN
JUNE 198
F TAMILS
SS
Od were testimony amil civilians last malee district, rebeen dismissed as gerated” and “malinkan government. only small groups returned to the belongings not
in last Tuesday's ldren and old men the jungle. Such is
that on Saturday y vehicle slowly age along the pitfrom Mutur, eight ne fled across the |hich the villagers . Only when they ops had mot come re havoc, did the
troops and the ved at midday last three hours syste
matically going from house to house using petrol bombs and paraffin to Set them ablaze. Ten of the brick-built homes were spared, but they were looted of most of their contents.
Two small Hindu temples were also burned out as well as the home of the village's Hindu priest. Only the cooperative stores and schools were left unscathed as most of the 2,000 population headed for safety in the thick jungle that surrounds Mallikaitivu. Numerous makeshift huts used by labourers were also burnt down.
One of the villagers broke down and wept as he led me through his tidy, well-kept garden into what remained of his four-roomed house. Rubble and roof tiles covered the floor. Torn books were strewn everywhere. He said: “We had nothing to do with the Tamil militants before. We all lived quiet, peaceful lives. Now all we can do is join the militants and fight back. We have mothing left.”
Tamil sources say that 10 other villages around Mallikaitivu were des
ITAPPEAL
D POLICE COMMANDOS HAVE ON IN THE TRINCOMALEE, MUTHUR, REAS OF THE EASTERN PROVINCE.
AVE LOST THEIR HOMES AND ALL
THEIROWN HOMELAND.
RBEHALFARE POURING IN
cing People (SCOT) appeals to all to fand rehabilitation oftheaffected people. Wledged.
BeUe
A89XF lom
OUR HELP

Page 5
JUNE 1985
troyed last Tuesday. There is no telephone link with the village and communication is by post or word of mouth. Most vehicles are off the road because of petrol rationing. The villagers can travel only by foot, bicycle or bullock cart, and their sense of isolation and vulnerability to further attack is immeasurable.
Living in classrooms
In Mutur, a fishing and farming
village ten miles across Koddiyar Bay
from Trincomalee, 495 homeless Tamils, mostly old men, women and children, including some babies, were living in classrooms at the secondary schools. Although they had running water, most of them had not eaten for four days, despite government promises of emergency supplies of food. And although stocks of flour had been stockpiled at the jetty, from where an infrequent boat service ran to Trincomalee, none had been distributed by Saturday afternoon.
Most of the refugees were sleeping on the concrete floor of the classrooms and three Carmelite nuns from St Teresa's Convent nearby were trying to organise emergency supplies of blankets and clothes, although what was available was very limited. One of the refugees said: "People will starve to death Soon unless something is done. There is no one to protect us. We are worried the troops might come back and kill us.' Officials estimate there are 6,000 Tamil refugees in the 350 square mille Mutur area and that 4,000 have taken refuge in the jungle.
Local people attribute the tension to the arrival on April 5 of a detachment of troops who commandeered the assistant government agent's office and erected sand-bag machine-gun emplacements on look-out towers at the corners of the heavily guarded compound. Soldiers I saw patrolling in Army vehicles over the week-end were mostly dressed in civilian clothes and not combat fatigues.
Many Tamils fear that there is an orchestrated campaign to force them to leave their traditional areas Outside the Jaffna Peninsula following incidents in Trincomalee and earlier violence in Mannar, Vavuniya, Mullaittivu and Batticaloa.
Tamils, however, say the violence began after 39 Tamil youths were arrested by police in the villages of Thanganagar and Kiliveddi on May 31. Thirty-eight of the youths were allegedly subsequently shot dead on a bridge 18 miles away.
("Daily Telegraph', 10.6.85)
AND DALY TELEGRAP
TANM EBUR
A dozen villages i Tamil-speaking E Lanka have been the security f Sinhalese vigilant in retaliation for guerrillas. More
have fled into the or to the relative : town of Mutur. At fishermen and the deserted their v camps in the port
During a visit area at the weeke the scale of the general climate Ol even local people assess the casualt Tamil civilians ha raids. In one villa aged between 13 arrested by the ar not been heard of
Deserted town C
On Saturday m der-blue Morris M comalee was the that road for a wee to have a populat mainly Tamil but cent Sinhalese and al in the desertec half-demolished h shops, caused a forces' headquart
My Muslim di Sinhalese friends Separate rooms a out their reasons
TROOPS'
Sinhalese mobs, forces, attacked Tamil villages in killing at least 80 more than 600 hor India reported ye The raids took near the port cit the eastern prov villages were bl three others were reports reaching said.
More than 6,000 took shelter in si churches, the new
 
 
 

CORRESPONDENTS
TAMILTIMES5
IL VILLAGES NED & LOOTED
n the predominantly last Province of Sri burned and looted by orces and ar med es in the past 10 days attacks by Tamil than 15,000 Tamils
surrounding jungle safety of the Muslim least 1,000 Sinhalese ir families have also illages for refugee city of Trincomalee.
to the Trincomalee nd, it was clear that reprisals and the fear has prevented from being able to ly figures. But some ve been killed in the ge, 20 Tamil males, and 40 who were my on May 30, have f since.
entre
orning, my old powinor taxi from Trinfirst vehicle to take k. Kuchchaveli used tion of 6,000 people, t with about 20 per Muslim. Our arrivtown centre, with ouses and burnt-out
erS.
(river and his two
were taken away to nd interrogated abfor coming. A group
mild panic at the
of sailors and soldiers, some dressed only in shorts and carrying .303 rifles, curtly ushered me into the barbedwire compound to meet the young army captain and his navy commander.
Killed in Crossfire
They relaxed only after radioing through for instructions to the navy headquarters in Trincomalee. The commander explained that the people living within a 100-yard radius of the rest-house had been told to leave in order to create a 'security zone' round the base. "The terrorists came very close with mortars and grenade launchers, he said. "Some people were killed in the crossfire.'
It was apparent, however, that not a single Tamil remained in the town. "We did a sweeping-up operation afterwards, the captain said. And did they take any prisoners? 'There are no prisoners of war here, he replied narrowing his eyes, but I did get a few souvenirs. He refused to elaborate, but the message was made clear: "We cannot tolerate any Tamils here. They will tell the terrorists about our defences.'
Mr K. Siva Palan, the president of the citizens' committee - a sort of informal welfare network in Tamil areas - has lost two of seven sons in Sri Lanka's communal troubles. One was shot by security forces last month outside his home. Mr Siva and several members of his family were recently arrested for a day after talking to two Swedish journalists.
(“The Guardian', June 11, 1985)
SS S SS LCS LSS LS LLLLLLSHeMS SSASSLTTLTTLTLSLSLSLSLSLSLSLSSSLLLSLLLLSLLSLLSLHkLSSSkSeLSeeeeLSeSeSeSeLSLSLSESLSESHESHES
BACK MOBATTACK" ON TAMILs
backed by security more than a dozen.
eastern Sri Lanka,
people and burning
mes, United News of sterday.
place on Tuesday 7 of Trincomalee in Ince. Eleven Tamil urned down, while partially destroyed, he capital Colombo
people left homeless hools, temples and s agency said. About
1,000 people fled into the jungle. The report quoted Tamil sources in Trincomalee as saying that the attacks were carried out by armed Sinhalese mobs backed by government security forces. Many of the assailants reportedly carried government-issued gull S.
The government issued firearms to Sinhalese civilians following attacks in the area by Tamil separatist guerrillas. There have been a series of recent attacks and counter-attacks on Tamil and Sinhalese villages in the Trincomalee area.
("The Guardian', June 6, 1985)

Page 6
O IAMIL- MES
National identity and communal consciousness are generated by a number of factors of which historical memory is one. In assessing historical significance of nationality, what is important is the perception of a people of its historical antecedents. Sinhala and Tamil people in Sri Lanka have different and som etimes conflicting memories of their past and no amount of contemporary polemics will deny the validity of one or the other.
Much of Sri Lankan history has been based on myths and legends which were preserved in Buddhist chronicles written in Pali and Sinhalese. Most of the historians of early Sri Lanka relied uncritically on these chronicles, particularly the "Mahavamsa' and the 'Chulavamsa. Much has happened in the 1970s and 1980s in archaeological work and in the critical examination of myths and legends. A new generation of historians is re-examining the foundations of civilisation in Sri Lanka and this has rendered archaic much of the known early history of the island. The most prominent of these scholars are Professor Leslie Gunawardena, Dr Senake Bandaranayake, Dr Susantha Goonatilake, Dr W.I. Sriniweena, Prof Liyanagamage, Prof K. Indrapala and Dr S. Pathmanathan.
Myth of Aryan descent
Their writings explore the myth of Aryan descent of the Sinhala, the plurality of the origins of civilisation in Sri Lanka, the almost contemporaneous presence of Dravidian people and settlers from north India from the very earliest periods, the myth of unified sovereignty over the whole island, the existence of several dynastic kingdoms contemporaneously in many parts of the island, the role of South India in the history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, the myth of Sinhala-Tamil conflicts and a heap of other issues which put in proper perspective the pluralism of culture in Sri Lanka.
Professor Leslie Gunawardena, in an important article, has shown how in the 20th century, Sinhala politicians popularised and exploited myths and legends to give a racial ideology to Sinhala nationalism (R.A.L. H. Gunawardena, 'People of the Lion', 'The Sinhala Identity and Ideology in History and Historiography”, Sri Lankan Journal of Humanities, V., Nos. 1 & 2 (1979) pp. 1-36). This theme of racial use of history has also been taken up by isaihmisiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiihaliniai
菠聚*
TRADITIONAL TAMMILS OF SRI
H The Sri Lan Sinhalese in til population ra declared inte traditional Ta Sinhalese, tra colonise the TI under state-sp guns and other the Trinconal Venture of Sri pursuance of
In this artici eastern provin historical real
other - scholars su Jayawardena. It people interested latest enlighten Lanka on these m influence on the liberal nationalism hoary myths and which only foster r that some persons abroad by kings ( doms. If they ve happened to some ( particularly those I to Burma and t may not be so em Though the Tami island of Sri Lanka the first millenium their consciousnes: ple in a Sri Lankal the Tamil Kingdo 1250. Thereafter til as an independent overthrown by the The kings of Jaffna with a number of doms, including t dom, the Vijayan Nayakdoms of Ta Mysore, and the Z On some occasions those kings, in retu one form or the oth also had relations of the South - K Kandy. On various Jaffna, when they invaded the south of Sinhala territor On other occasions especially of Kotte One of these invasi Bahu VI, was Suc period but at his d dynasty recapture 'The Kingdom of exist in the interiol
 

JUNE 1985
OMELANDS OF THE AWKA
in government recently announced its plans to settle northern and eastern provinces to reflect the nation wide o of 75%. Sinhalese to 25% minorities. The publicly tion of this exercise is to demolish the concept of ail homelands once and for all. Already thousands of led and armed by the government have been sent to mil aras. Those who had already settled in these areas nsored "colonisation schemes' have been provided with ethal weapons. The current wave of carnage of Tamils in e and Muthur areas in the eastern province is the joint Lankan security forces and armed Sinhala 'settlers' in , e policy of demolishing the claim of Tamil homelands. . ', a university don argues the case for the northern and
Y,
h as Prof. Kumari s to be hoped that
keep up with the d thinking in Sri atters and put their side of a genuine rather than repeat out-dated legends acism. It is amusing talk of expeditions of Sri Lankan kingere to follow what of these expeditions, of Parakrama Bahu ) South India, they thusiastic ls had existed in ths from the middle on B.C., the growth of as a separate peomilieu dates from n of Jaffna around e kingdom existed political entity until Portuguese in 1621. had close relations South Indian kingle Pandyan Kingagar Empire, the jore, Madura and amorin of Calicut. hey paid tribute to n for assistance of er. Kings of Jaffna vith the Kingdoms tte, Gampola and ccasions, Kings of elt able to do so, nd occupied parts for brief periods. kings of the South, nvaded the north. ns, by Para krama essful for a brief ath the old Jaffna the kingdom. andy continued to f the island, after
es being homelands of the Tamil people on the basis of .
the destruction of the kingdoms of Kotte and Jaffna. As the only indigenous ruler in the island, the coastal territories having been conquered by the Portuguese and then the Dutch, the king claimed overlordship of the whole island and added many of its districts to his title, including places like Colombo and Galle, which were ruled by the Portuguese and the Dutch. These claims were not taken seriously. In traditional Indian kingship, it was not what you claimed but what you administered that mattered.
to The Portuguese claimed sovereignty over the territories ruled by the Kingdom of Jaffna by right of conquest and
these rights passed on to the Dutch and
then to the British. Portuguese chroniclers like Queyroz and Couto, in their potted histories, used fragments of Sinhalese “chronicles” like the “Rajavaliya' and 'Pujavaliya' which naturally exaggerated the territorial claims of the Kotte kings who were the patrons of the authors of the chronicles. This entire evidence has been considered in a monograph On The Kingdom of Jaffna, by S. Pathmanathan (Jaffna 1878, Ph.D thesis, University of London):
Major demographic movement
Thus from about the 13th century, a major demographic movement took place in Sri Lanka. The Sinhalese drifted towards the southern, western and central regions and the Tamils to the northern and eastern coastal belts. The situation has been Virtually frozen in this fashion for 700 years. The only exception to this was the migration of about a million Tamils from South India to the plantations of the central highlands in the 19th and 20th centuries.
CONTINUED ON NEXT PAG

Page 7
JUNE 1985
FROM PREVIOUS PAGE
The question of traditional homelands of a people is a highly complex one and some people show no effort to understand and appreciate the feelings of minority communities in this respect. When multi-ethnic communities are brought together into a unitary state, mechanisms should be devised to preserve the integrity of each of the constituent units. In multi-ethnic states like those in the Balkans, the Soviet Union, India, autonomy of diverse levels is conceded to these selfsufficient ethnic or linguistic groups to provide them with security and to integrate them into the larger polity. . After independence, the Ceylon and Sri Lankan governments set about senselessly to change the country's demographic balance. One is not talking here of the right of private citizens to buy and own property in any part of the country. This has never been in question and it has gone on peacefully for decades and will continue, given the right climate of communal relations. One is talking of state-sponsored and state-financed systematic colonisation by which an alien ethnic group is brought in large numbers and planted in the midst of an existing group. This has gone on systematically since 1950 and the consequence has been to reduce Tamils from a majority into a minority in some districts.
Accommodating grievances
It should be clear to anyone concerned with the question of national integration that such a policy is most disturbing to a minority, particularly as that minority has settled and established itself in that area for over 700 years. Many liberal and fair-minded Sinhalese have accepted this and, at least on two occasions, Sinhala national leaders have incorporated this in the agreement they entered into with the Tamils. S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike and Dudley Senanayake were prepared to go some way to accommodating Tamil grievances in this respect.
The Tamil efforts to keep inviolate what they consider their traditional homelands should be seen in the context of an aggressive Sinhalese nationalism and hegemony in the whole island. They have seen this Sinhala nationalism claim for itself a greater and greater share of the political and economic cake, using its majority status to push minorities out of several avenues of participation. The Tamils want to defend their rights at their territorial frontiers and this is something that every Sinhalese will have to understand.
* For some of their conclusions, see Ethnicity and Social Change in Sri Lanka' (Colombo 1984)
TAMIL TO ST
Amnesty Interna tion is calling ont grant "exception who apply for as AI continues to any Tamils to Sr will. They could killed, arrested o
The British Se with the governn alleged military and has asked w taken to preven equipment bein rights' abuses by ities.
Grounds of fear
. In January thi the most recent tions on human r Lanka. Entitled violations of H Amnesty Internal Refoulement of tl to Sri Lanka', the incidents of extra ports of arbitrar, tions and allegat and torture of m minority in Sri 1984 until the en Governments S to Sri Lanka me minority who hav returning home political asylum, continues to oppo (return) of Tami cause it believe against their will Tamil minority grounds to fear victim to arbitra
ΤΑΜ
A proposal that w more than 20,00 announced by th Lanka. The propo around the little where 20,700. T homes.
Chettikulam i Anuradhapura, a dominantly by Si the Tamil domir niya. Under the people living in a lam will be comp the north, thus c Lankan military

TAMILTIMES 7
S MUST BE ALLOWED AY IN U.K. - AMNESTY
tional's British Seche UK government to al leave" to Tamils "lum in this country. ppose the return of Lanka against their be at risk of being tortured, it argues. tion has also raised hent the question of ales to Sri Lanka – hat steps have been UK manufactured g used for human
Sri Lankam author
s year, AI produced in a line of publicaights concerns in Sri "Reports on Recent uman Rights and ional's Opposition to he Tamil Community document describes -judicial killings, rey arrests and detenions of ill-treatment embers of the Tamil Lanka from August d of the year. hould mot send back mbers of the Tamil e expressed a fear of or who are seeking says the report. AE se the “refoulemento ls to Sri Lanka beis that, if returned , all members of the have reasonable that they may fall ry killings by mem
bers of the security forces, could be subjected to arbitrary arrest and detention, and could, following arrest, be subjected to torture or other ill-treatment if the security forces believe they have any knowledge of Tamil extremist groups.
The report is particularly timely for the British section of AI, which together with a number of other organisations in the UK concerned with refugees from Sri Lanka, has been pressing David Waddington, Minister of State at the Home Office, to grant Tamils who apply for asylum in Britain exceptional leave to remain in the UK for a period of at least six months.
Meanwhile, MP Dafydd Wigley has tabled an early day motion on this question in the Commons, which it is hoped AI members will bring to the attention of their own MPs, asking for their support. It says: "That this House, being concerned about the human rights violations and the continuing and increasing threats to the lives and security of the Tamil population in Sri Lanka, notes that Her Majesty's Government have failed to guarantee the security of Tamils who have sought refuge in the UK by delaying decisions and by keeping many Tamils on temporary admission for over 12 months without resolving their applications; and calls on Her Majesty's Government to institute immediately an exceptional policy by granting leave to remain in the UK to Tamils who express a fear to return to Sri Lanka while the present situation continues, and to consider with care any application for refuge status. Courtesy of AMNESTY, April/May
1985
MIL VILLAGE EVA CUATED FOR FREE-FIRE ZONE”
ill make refugees of 0 Tamils has been e government of Sri sal involves the area town of Chettikulam, amils make their
; situated north of
town inhabited prenhalese and South of: ated town of Vavu
proposal, the entire nd around Chettikubelled to evacuate to
reating what the Sri
described as a free
fire Zone. . .
It will be noted that US troops created free-fire zones' in Vietnam by completely destroying populated villages.
This proposal constitutes by far the largest movement of people yet undertaken by the government in forcing the Tamils to evacuate from areas where they have traditionally lived.
It is learnt that the Tamil Cabinet Ministers S. Thondaman and K.W. Devanayakam expressed their strong
opposition to this proposal but the
government would appear to have remained unmoved.

Page 8
8 TAMILTIMES
NON-DISCRIMINA & SELF- DETERMI
Until very recently, how a state treated its nationals was a matter entirely and exclusively within its own concern. For instance, it was possible for Adolf Hitler to conceive of an Aryan Germany freed of Semitic influence. It was also possible for him to proceed, with very little obstruction and consequently with remarkable success, to implement his policy of physically liquidating persons of Jewish origin, not only in Germany, but also in those European countries which he rapidly brought under German domination. He had found the final Solution to an ethnic problem, and he had been able to implement it successfully.
But from the revulsion which grew when the world regained its sanity, there emerged certain norms and Rtandards which were designed to enSure that there would never be a repetition of Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen. These norms and standards now form part of a growing body of international law for the enforcement of which the international community has assumed responsibility.
A government's behaviour towards its own nationals is now regulated by international treaties. And, in 1981, the government of Sri Lanka voluntarily declared to the international community that, in the matter of the treatment of its nationals, it would honour, respect, and abide by these norms and standards. In other words, the government of Sri Lanka brought itself within the jurisdiction of international human rights law when it subscribed to, and ratified, the two international human rights covenants. Consequently, two principles of international human rights law which now regulate the relationship between different ethnic groups living in the same country are those of non-discrimination and selfdetermination.
Discrimination
The principle of non-discrimination means that as between persons similarly circumstanced, or of comparable capacity, neither law mor executive action may discriminate on the basis of race, language or religion. This principle may perhaps be better understood if it is applied to some of the areas which, in the Sri Lankan context, are regarded as particularly sensitive.
For instance, in the academic year 1983/84, 530 students from schools in Colombo, Jaffna, Galle, Matara and Kandy, who had qualified, on their raw marks, for admission into the faculties
of medicine, scienc were excluded from Sri Lanka in order t( other students fron privileged districts' lesser marks. Of t students, 198 were f from Colombo. If
approximately onecluded from Colom also Tamils, the to cluded Tamil stude 51.6 per cent: a ri irresistably to the ( the matter of univ the principle of nonbeen violated. On t while giving effect vilegd district quot been possible, by inc into the universities these 530 students a would probably ha accordance with int
by Nihal Jayaw
and standards, and, portant, healing a fe multi-ethnic society
So it is in the employment. The go Service was once a the educated Tamil aspire to a universi sought a habitation income away from t northern home. But, Department of Cens between the years 9,965 persons recruit al service, 9,326 (or 9 Sinhalese and 492 (or Tamils.
A caricature
What is the reme citizen who believes discriminated again longs to a particula
If a government la capacity to prevent tion by executive ac medy perhaps is an e Rights. Indeed, in n the Commonwealth, bean to the Pacific, a been regarded for 1 viable safeguard ag tion. Unfortunately, i we fall far short of in and standards. We h of a Bill of Rights. advisedly because o

TION
JUNE 1985
NATION
2 and engineering, the universities of accommodate 519 so-called 'underwho had obtained nese 530 excluded om Jaffna and 224 We assume that third of those exmbo Schools were tal number of exits would be 273 or esult which leads onclusion that, in rsity admissions, discrimination had he other hand, if to the under-pria System, it had reasing the intake
, to accommodate
is well, Sri Lanka
fe been acting in
ernational norms
rickrama
what is more imstering sore in our
matter of public vernment clerical popular outlet for
youth who did mot
ty education, but and a source of he arid soil of his
according to the us and Statistics,
1977 and 1981; of ed into the cleric3.6 per cent) were 4.9 per cent) were
dy available to a that he is being st because he ber ethnic group? cks the will or the such discrimination, the only reinforceable Bill of any countries of from the CaribBill of Rights has many years as a
ainst discrimina
in this respect too, ernational norms lave a caricature
I use that term ur Bill of Rights
contained in the Constitution is: firstly, not comprehensive; secondly, subject to derogation in a wide variety of circumstances; thirdly, a substantial part of it can be rendered inoperative by executive fiat under the Public Security Ordinance; fourthly, it is not enforceable even in respect of proposed legislation if such legislation is certified by the Cabinet, as it has often been done, to be urgent in the national interest; sixthly, it is not enforceable in respect of executive or administrative action initiated by the President; and seventhly, it is not enforceable even in respect of any other executive or administatrative action if such is taken in pursuance of a power conferred by law.
Self-determination
The principle of self-determination is contained in Article 1 of the UN Charter and in Article 1 of each of the Human Rights Covenants, to all of which the government of Sri Lanka now subscribes. It means that cohesive ethnic groups have the right to choose for themselves a form of political organisation, and through such organisation to freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. It is important to note that the right to choose a particular political organisation is that of the ethnic group concerned. That choice cannot be usurped by a group of militant activists, or by other ethnic groups; mor can it be foisted by an All-Party or Round Table Conference.
Under international law, that choice may take one of several forms; it could be independence as a separate state; or association with other ethnic groups in a federal state; or autonomy or assimilation in a unitary state. However, if the ethnic group concerned already has a home within the territorial boundaries of a sovereign and independent state; and if that state has a government which is representative of all the people irrespective of race and if that government respects the twin principles of non-discrimination and self-determination; then, the choice of that ethnic group does not extend to the creation of a separate state.
Sri Lanka on thin ice
Accordingly, if the law as I have described is applied to the Sri Lankan situation, some may feel that, having regard to recent measures adopted in the Northern Province in particular,
and to others which have been propGäð

Page 9
JUNE 1985
osed, we are indeed skating on very thin ice. Therefore, it appears to me that, if we are to get back to the good earth, certain very positive and urgent steps require to be taken:
1. The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution, which has had the effect of preventing the Tamil-speaking people of the Northern and Eastern provinces from being represented in Parliament, must be repealed. 2. The Prevention of Terrorism act and any other statutory provision which deny to the Tamil speaking people of the Northern and Eastern Provinces the benefit of the general law of the country, must be repealed. 3. The existing Bill of Rights must be enlarged to make it an effective weapon against racial discrimination. 4. The Tamil speaking people of the Northern and Eastern provinces must be given an opportunity of determining, by plebiscite or by referendum, the degree and form of autonomy they desire to have. This is a decision which they alone have the right to make. However, if their decision is not regional autonomy or assimilation in the existing unitary state, but association in a federal state, then, naturally, that decision will become effective only if it receives the concurrence of those with whom they seek to federate.
Swiss experience
In this connection, it is interesting to reflect on the experience of a country which we often seek to emulate. I refer to the Swiss Confederation of 6 million people, less emotional and more disciplined than us, of whom 75 per cent speak German, and 20 per cent speak French. In the predominantly German-speaking Protestant canton of Berne, one of the 23 Cantons that make up the Swiss Confederation, the French-speaking Catholic minority who lived in the Jura mountain regions decided that it was time to separate. The separatist struggle of the Jurassien minority followed the traditional and familiar pattern: separatist demonstrations to draw world attention to Bernese oppression; an army presence in the Jura pasture-lands; bomb attacks on military barracks and railway lines; unpleasant and awkward questions to Jurassien refugees seeking asylum in Latin America; a drop in tourism. It was time for the pragmatic Swiss, who have always had a distaste for the politics of confrontation, to take stock of the situation.
In 1967, a comm appointed to inve all aspects of ti which that com within a year afte tions with the rele The next step was federal mediati whose recomme! plebiscites were l biscite, the peopl were asked, 'Do a new Canton?' while 46.9 voted a plebiscite, which level, three borde voted to remain ir At the third plebi changed their dis Canton. Finally, the Swiss voters Cantons approve the new Canton O Confederation. B the politics of c people had pres integrity and the federal state. It is ism Which our would do well to
The real issue
I have made 1 subject of terrori ism is not the re confront the gove the real issue, I c quote the words o
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
DISCRIMI
We frequently he occupy high place tive and judicial S cited as proof that ity is not discrim field of employme valid argument?
It must be rem now occupying th the Public Serv joined the servic when there was . on merit, and ha with the efflux of promotion which tampered with?
In the Sri Lanka vice selection f( April) the figures petitive Examina Tamils nil. Ope amination: 58 Si Muslim. The figu selves. Anti-Humbug, Jaffna
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

ission of inquiry was stigate and report om he problem, a task mission performed r extensive consultavant interest groupS. the appointment of a on commission, on ndation a series of held. At the first plee of the Jura region jou want to establish 50.7 voted in favour, gainst. At the second was held at a district r Jurrassian districts the canton of Berne. scite, ten communes strict and with it the In 1978, 82 per cent of ; and all the Swiss d of the admission of f Jura into the Swiss y the application of onsensus, the Swiss erved the territorial political unity of their a lesson in pragmatpolitical leadership
understand.
no reference to the sm, because terroral issue that should rnment. To describe an do no better than f the UNP Manifesto
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
—
NATION
ar that some Tamils es in the administraervices. This is often the Tamil communinated against in the nt. How far is this a
embered that those e higher echelons of ice are those who e 25 to 30 years ago fair selection purely ave reached the top time by a process of
could not be easily
Administrative Serr 1985 (“Island', 24 are: Limited Comtion: No. selected 20, n Competitive Exnhalese, 1 Tamil, 1 res speak for them
—ത്ത IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
=n—
TAMIL TIMES 9
in 1977: “The United National Party accepts the position that there are numerous problems confronting the Tamilspeaking people. The lack of a solution to their problems has made the Tamilspeaking people support even a movement for the creation of a separate state. In the interest of national integration and unity so necessary for the economic development of the whole country, the Party feels such problems should be solved without loss of time. The Party, when it comes to power, will take all possible steps to remedy their grievances in such fields as education, colonisation, use of the Tamil language and employment in the public and semi-public corporation sectors.'
We all know that these grievances have not been remedied. That was the rationale for the All Party Conference. But problems cannot be solved by All Party Conferences. They have to be met fairly and squarely by a Government and then resolved with the advice and consent of a Parliament. It is in Parliament that problems are examined and alternative solutions discussed, because Parliament reflects the balance of power that prevails and the forces that operate within a country at any given time. But if Parliament has become sterile, because a general election which alone can give it vitality and authority has not been duly held, then, the remedy is not an All Party Conference, in the hope that it could be a substitute for Parliament, but a general election, which will determine the contemporary balance of power and identify the forces which have a relevance in society at the present time.
Deteriorating problem
Whether or mot a general election is held in the foreseeable future, the answer to the rapidly deteriorating ethnic problem appears to be not in attempting to change the population pattern of the north, or in creating a new frontier breed of gun-toting Sinhala Buddhists, or in making a sacrificial
offering, from the relative comfort and
security of the south into the war zones
of the north, of young Sinhala men in the prime of their life, in the confident hope that before they lay down their
own lives, they would kill a few equally
idealistic young Tamil men, and there
by make this thrice blessed isle a safer, happier and more righteous place for all of us to live in. It seems to me that the only answer can be expressed in two very simple, but pregnant, words: non-discrimination and self-determination.

Page 10
10TAMILTIMES
Every dictatorial regime violating human rights in recent times has sought refuge in the twin principles of Sovereignty and domestic jurisdiction to hide its misdeeds. South Africa denies the competence of the rest of the world to show concern with apartheid on the ground that it is a Sovereign state and that what happens within its borders is of no concern to the rest of the world. Other racist dictatorships have used this argument. The regime of Ian Smith in what was then Rhodesia, Yahya Khan’s Pakistan in seeking to hide its army's atrocities in Bangladesh and Idi Amin of Uganda, have all used these arguments with the same lack of success. The latest regime to join this select band in reviving the domestic sovereignty argument has been the government of Jayawardene in Sri Lanka. That such an argument cannot survive in the present state of international relations which emphasises the concern of the whole international community in human rights violations is a well-established proposition of international law.
The greatlesson of the Second World War is that if Hitler had been stopped in the propagation of the myth of Aryan Supremacy and the persecution of the Jews instead of being appeased, the colossal calamities that occurred could have been avoided. That human rights violations which occur in Sri Lanka and those which occur elsewhere in the world are the concern of the world community is too well established a proposition and does not need further analysis. As far as the situation in Sri Lanka is concerned that proposition has been demonstrated by the concern expressed by the United Nations Human Rights Commission and the findings in the various reports of human rights organisations like Amnesty International and the Intermational Commission of Jurists.
The question that requires further analysis is the special competence of India to have an interest in the events that are occurring within the borders of Sri Lanka. Her interest in these 'human rights violations as a member of the international community has to be accepted. But apart from this, there are other reasons why India has special competence to deal with the matter and these reasons need elaborą...tion. . . .ޗ* (1) The situation in Sri Lanka affects the security interests of India. The
THE STRUGGLE FOR EELAM
The LegitimaCyc
government of Sl responsible for t totally foreign ele gion. It has broug Israel and mercer It has been allege arms from South News', 2nd May 19 an authoritarian
fascist tendencies bility into the S which should be
dominant, South
Lanka can well be
by Dr. M.
University of Tas
of anti-Indian for happen, the encirc hostile forces wou
(2) It is vital to Il secular and multiinto account the int of the various In formulation of for this is done, India on the basis of her into several state “The Domestic Roc ign Policy' at pp20 the Indian milita events in Banglade raised in West Ben committed by the the Bengalis of E India not responde an exclusive Ben real. The impact til on the unity of the incalculable. India the possibility of ea states conducting policy.
An All India prob
Similar consider the situation in S sponse in the state the genocide of the by the Sinhalese a anger and angui most dominant iss that state. The Kazagam led by carrying om a pe ensure that the c takes more effectiv ing the Tamils in atrocities committ bring about a sol
 
 

JUNE 1985
Df IrClar) COr Cerr)
i Lanka has been he introduction of ments into the reht in the Mossad of laries from Britain. d that it is buying Africa. (“Sri Lanka 185). The creation of military state With introduces an instaouth Asian region the concern of the Asian power. Sri come the willing tool
Sornarajah mania, Australia
ces. Were this tO lement of India by ld be assured. ndia's survival as a ethnic state to take erests of the people dian states in the eign policy. Unless would disintegrate ethnic composition, es. (A. Appadorai, pts of India's Fore11-210) A reason for y response to the sh was the feelings gal by the atrocities Pakistani troops on ast Pakistan. Had d, the possibility of gali response was nis would have had India federation is would have faced ch of its component a separate foreign
lem
ations are raised by ri Lanka. The reof Tamil Nadu to Sri Lankan Tamils my has been one of sh. It is now the ue in the politics of Dravida Munnetra Mr Karunanithi is aceful agitation to entral government 'e action in protectSri Lanka from the ed by the army and ution which recog
nises the claims to self-determination of the Tamils. It was the major issue in the election campaign in the Tiruchendur electorate. If the interests of the people of Tamil Nadu are not looked after, it may result in fresh cries for Secession. It must not be forgotten that it was the DMK which first raised the cry of secession and abandoned it in the interests of Indian unity and secularism. (M. Akbar, "India: The Siege Within', pp.74-94) A policy of appeasement by the central government could lead to the revival of old cries of secession. India could well justify concern of any proportion with the Sri Lankan problem on the ground of selfdefence for the problem poses a threat to the territorial unity of India. As Indian leaders have often declared, the ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka is mot only a problem for the state of Tamil Nadu but is a problem that concerns the whole of India.
Economic aggression
(3) The massive influx of refugees from Sri Lanka has directly resulted from the well-documented atrocities committed by the Sinhalese army of occupation. Over 100,000 refugees have entered India. The social, economic and political disorganisation caused by the inflow of refugees in the receiving country would be great. Where a government promotes the flow of refugees to another state it commits economic aggression against that state. India herself put forward this thesis in justifying her intervention in Bangladesh by characterising the sudden inflow of Bengali refugees into West Bengal as economic aggression committed by Pakistan. The recipient country has the right under these circumstances to remedy the situation which causes the outflow of refugees, even by using force. As the Sri Lankan government has committed economic aggression against India, India has the right to remedy the problem creating the outflow of refugees from Sri Lanka in what appears to her to be the best possible manner.
(4) Among the Tamils who are being decimated ruthlessly by the Sinhalese forces are the so-called 'stateless' Tamils. Under the Sirima-Shastri Pact some of them are entitled to Indiam citizenship. Intervention to protect Such citizens is justifed in law. Such a right of intervention has been used extensively by Sri Lanka's allies. Thus, a justification for the US in

Page 11
JUNE 198
TAMIL WELFARE & CAM
The following are extracts from
a press release issued by a newly ,
formed Tamil welfare and campaign group:
"A south London group has been formed to give direct and indirect assistance to Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka. Many refugees are still being held in remand centres and many more are living in grossly over. crowded conditions. They are all under constant threat of being sent back to Sri Lanka. - ሩ ~ V The first airn of the new group. named the South London Tamil Welfare Society, is to seek offers of accommodation from South London boroughs and housing associations. They are also appealing for donations not only of money but of clothing, food, cups, plates, cutlery, pots and pans and
other househo
washing and cle fact every kind C hold requiremen
Longer term pr
But immediate vital, will not s( problems of re which is workin Tamil Refugee committed to fig. remove Tamils They are starting
the inhumane an
ditions imposed refuge in Britain trictive 24-houl against decisions
tervention in Grenada was the need to protect the lives of American medical students who were in Grenada, though there was not a shred of evidence to show that their lives were in danger. The Israeli raid on Entebbe (Uganda) to rescue its citizens who had been hijacked was justified and military intervention to protect citizens is well recognised justification in modern international law.
(5) The use of religious chauvinism and the artificial creation of a rift promoted by the Sinhalese government between the Muslim Tamils and the Hindu Tamils in the Eastern Province of Eelam is a threat to India which is based on secularistic ideals. Hindus, Buddhists and Muslims live in India as well and the repercussions within India of the chauvinism of the Sinhalese government based on the abuse of Buddhism must legitimately be the concern of India. India must again have the competence to attack the root cause of the problem. ایمز (6) Above all else, the Strategic con sideration of the problem must concern India. In its madness to wipe out the Tamils, the present Sri Lankan Government has been mortgaging the independence of Sri Lanka. The idea of the Indian Ocean being a zone of peace has become a myth as a result of the actions of Jayawardene, also known as Yankee Dick. Because of winds of nationalism in the Philippines and the imminent fall facing another Asian dictator, Ferdinand Marcos, the US is in search of other military bases in the Indian Ocean. ("Far Eastern Economic Review'', 6th May 1985). Trincomalee would do just fine. The provision of facilities for Voice of America to have a relay station in Sri Lanka again allows for Big Brother
presence in the
not show concerr strategy of Indi become a reality lose her status regional pow { J ay a w ar den e monumental insi tional politics, sh other paragon o Haq of Pakistal determination in sign of senile der do much good foi
she should allow
gather sufficier
against Indian il
Indian conscio
Faced with th acted with grea Striven hard to b Settlement to the But Sinhalese ch the reason behin seeks a "final sc Problem' which
achieved by the
dominate Sinhal appear that reas consciousness of Statement of Mr the Indian Minist nal Affairs, who
haviour of the S as "deplorable,
inhuman ("All I 1985). The time
ended. In legal ti cient basis for d lem caused by th ment in any way that India formu trine of her own t away from there tors like Jayawa
 

TAMILTIMES 11
IPAIGN GROUP FORMED
d goods, bedding. ning materials — in personal and house
oblems
assistance, although lve the longer term fugees. The group, in liaison with the ction Group, is also rting any attempts to from this country. : a campaign against i discriminatory conon Tamils seeking particularly the reslimit on appeals
to return a refugee to
region. If India does
for these factors, the an encirclement will 7. Besides, she would as the pre-eminent r. The fact that , as a man of gnificance in internaould consort with that f democracy, Zia ul n, and call for selfKashmir may be the mentia, but it may not r Indian prestige that even such a man to it courage to work Interests.
SeSS
ese factors India has t restraint. She has ring about a peaceful * crisis in Sri Lanka. tauvinism cannot see d these efforts. It still lution' to the Tamil has not even been mythical figures that ese fancy. It Would on has failed. Indiam this is reflected in the Kurshid Alam Khan, er of State for Extercharacterised the beinhalese government barbaric, cruel and ndia Radio', 6th May for appeasement has arms, India has suffiealing with the probe Sri Lankan governshe pleases. It is time lated a Monroe doco keep outside powers gion and tin-pot dicta
rdene in Order
Sri Lanka, the need to prove special individual hardship and the imposition of a visa requirement om entry to the UK. This last condition is particularly
harsh, since it effectively prevents Tamils from boarding a plane in order
to seek refuge and requires them to .
queue publicly outside the High Com
mission where they face attack or
arrest - after they have already
risked their lives to reach Colombo. SLTWS wants the British government to remove all such restrictive require ments, recognise that all Tamils face severe hardship and adopt a programme, with other European govern
: ments, to admit refugees and provide for them. Britain, of course, has a
particular moral responsibility in view of its colonial relationship with Sri
Lanka.
Publicise and expose
In the end, though, the solution to refugee problems is to remove the reasons for people being forced to leave their homes and seek asylum in a foreign country. SLWTS wants to publicise and expose the gross violations of human rights which occur daily in Sri Lanka and to make it known that British aid to Sri Lanka is financing the oppression, torture and murder of Tamils.
At present, although the group's members include Tamils, of whom Some are refugees, the membership is chiefly representatives of local indigenous community organisations and others who have genuine personal and general concern for the group's aims. Members feel that control and majority participation in future activies should be from Tamils, specifically refugees themselves. In order to achieve this, as well as to secure immediate aid for existing refugees and to further the longer-term aims, a public meeting is to be held early in July in South London. SLTWS are urging all Tamils, particularly refugees, as well as others who are concerned for human rights, to attend and pledge their support and direct assistance. It is hoped that the invited speakers at the meeting will include Jeremy Corbyn MP, who has given a massive commitment to the cause of the Tamil refugees, as well as speakers from Tamil groups, from the Institute of Race Relations and others. The list of speakers and the date and venue of the meeting have yet to be arranged, but will be published in the local and ethnic press and through Ta mil organisations as soon as
possible.

Page 12
12 TAMILTIMES
JUNIUS RIQHARIQ A LEGACY OF T
By Dr. James
President Jayawardene and Mrs Sirima Bandaramaik prominent political leaders of the Sinhala people of Sri champions of the Sinhala-Buddhists. To the gullible, the they?
In this article, (reproduced from TRIBUNE of Augu Lankan historian, traces the genealogy of President Ja, that of Mrs Bandaranaike too.
During his visit to the United States last year, Preside the 205th Head of State of Sri Lanka in its 2,500-year Throne' during the ancient and medieval periods, W Wickrema Rajasingha, or a descendant of a Tamil centuries or even the intervening 450 years of Europe tradition. Even in independent Sri Lanka in the late 20t and Mrs Bandaranaike, would appear to be needed
I have chosen this week to examine the credentials, professions and pretensions of a public man who glories in the name of Junius Richard Jayawardena. He it was who has declared that "The time has come for the whole Sinhalese race which has existed for 2,500 years jealously safeguarding their language and religion to fight without giving quarter to save their birthright”.
Jayawardene has so allowed this enthusiasm to run amok, that in a moment of self-adulation he has defied the processes that are observed in selecting and electing democratic leaders, and has announced his own self-election as a leader of the threatened disobedience campaign against government. I have no doubt he drew immense self-satisfaction when he announced, "I will lead the disobedience campaign'.
Walauwa Hamuduru
But whither, oh whither, will this megalomaniac lead the nation? That is
the question. By what right has he chosen himself to lead a national movement. Only the other day he was thrown out, with his bag of tricks and baggages of craft, from his constituency at Kelaniya, which I believe he thought he could hold as if by divine right. What manner of man is this braggadocio who speaketh so glibly about a Sinhalese race, that has existed for 2,500 years, and of his readiness to fight for this Sinhalese race without giving any quarter to the enemy that threatens its language and religion? How?
When and how?
Leaving aside for a moment Junius Richard's 2,500 years of inheritance, shall we pause and inquire at this stage when and how he became a Sinhalese, when and how he became a
he became a Buddhi he came to affect his when and how he Marxist, when and h "tee-totaller, when an a non-smoker, etc.
A probe such as t plate here is neveral Nobody cares a tinke instance, is say, Cit his ancestors were a tical views are or W( man who claims th people must of nece public scrutiny. His present affiliations a positions have to be public interest to ena at a proper evaluat worth.
A man is a man fo 'all that, and for all th is not concerned abol a public man. We al hoary lineage. Wear the same homo Sap heirs of all the ages mankind is alike o heritage. But - ay, when Junius Richar munal cry to suit h. atmosphere charge does it not befit a re begin at the beginn how much and for Richard himself, wh better argument des to rouse the eleme men, is and has Sinhalese? Is he th Aryan Buddhist Wa uwo that his milit makes him out to b
Junius, the Counte
Junius Richard is
 

AYAWARDENE
JUNE 1985
NAVNAV
AMBI MUDALIYAR
| T. Rutnam
e, the former Prime Minister, are two of the most Lanka. They have competed with each other as the y are the authentic leaders of Sinhala-Buddhists. Are
st 30, 1957), Dr. James T. Rutnam, a prominent Sri Wa Wardene and, only in passing, makes references to
nt Jaya Wardene pompously proclaimed that he was ong history. Many a king who sat on the 'Sinhalese As either a Tamil like the last king of Kandy, Sri like Parakramabahu the Great. Passage of many 'an rule do not seem to have altered this historical h century, two descendants of Tamils, Jayawardene to lead the 'Sinhala-Buddhist' country.
wo, when and how st, when and how present costume, became an antihow he became a d how he became etc.? he One I contempleasant exercise. r’s damm who, for izen Perera, who nd what his poliare? But a public he voices of the issity be open to antecedents, his nd his future disexamined in the ble one to arrive ion of his public
r all that, and for lat. Normally one it the ancestors of l enjoy the same e all sprung from ens. We are the The heritage of ur own precious hereʼs the rub — raises the comS purpose, in an d with tension, asonable man to ng, and enquire how long Junius ) has for want of eended so low às ntal passions of
been, a true e neo-Sinha- - le auwa Hamudur
ant chauvinism
feit
S far different to
Duthu-Gemunu, the great and chivalrous Sinhalese national hero, as chalk is to cheese. But behold Junius coming riding on an elephant, and masquerading as a Duthu-Gemunu to drive the Tamils into the sea. And for what? What have the Tamils done, the Tamils who have a culture, a language and a territory which have received the sanction of centuries of history? Has Sinhalese chivalry died with Duthu-Gemunu the First? Or is it that counterfeit Duthu-Gemunus, now in circulation, are debasing the true gold of Sinhalese currency?
I would request Junius Richard Jayawardena to pause and reflect for a while. If he does he will come to realise that before driving the other Tamils into the sea, it is his own miserable body that he should throw into the sea first. For alas, of the chosen 2,500 years of Junius Richard's long pedigree, in the direct male line, 2,300 years at last consist of a line of full-blooded Tamils, and proto-Tamils, Some of them noble, but at least one of them very ignoble.
ignoble ancestor
This ignoble ancestor was Tambi Mudaliyar, whose son Don Abraham Jayawardena, Mudaliyar at Chilaw, was the father of James Alfred Jayawardena, a Proctor at Sedawatta, whose son was that pious Christian gentleman, if ever there was one. Eugene Wilfred Jayawardena, the father of Junius Jayawardena, the father of Junius Richard, presently Self-appointed champion of true Aryan Sinha-le. The story of Tambi Mudaliyar has often been told. Some of the biographies written about him were issued by members of the family. But Some material particulars appear to have been unfortunately omitted by

Page 13
JUNE 198
the approved family biographers, two of whom were Messrs D. Jayawardena and G.T. Staples. I shall endeavour to naake good these omissions in this article.
The earliest biography of Tambi Mudaliyar appears in an abridged form in the Supplement to the "Ceylon Gazette' of the 15th May, 1830. It was entitled 'Memoir of a Native Headman', and evidently it was written by somebody who was very proud of the services rendered by Tambi Mudaliyar to the British. To the people of Ceylon these services were nothing but downright and shameless treachery. But in those times when careerists and opportunists were tumbling one over the other to bask in the Sunshine of British Smiles, true Ceylonese patriotism was a hot-house plant, fondly murtured in secret by the forgotten Hampdens of our history and protected by them, alike from the scorching Sun of British colonialism as from the rapacious eyes of paid stooges, among whom Tambi Mudaliyar was an inglorious example.
Chitty or Acharaya?
At the time the biography of Tambi Muda liyar * was published in the “Gazette', it was common knowledge that Tambi Mudaliyar’s father was a Tamil who married a Sinhalese at Wellgama, near Hanwella, and took the name of his wife's family, Jayawardena. Indeed, this a c commoda ting adventurer made a complete changeover and he became a new man (but for his tell-tale blood) with a new name, nationality, religion and costume. The 'Gazette' biography has it, in black and white, which no amount of pretence can erase now, that, "at an early period of the Dutch possession his (Tambi Mudaliyar’s) ancestors emigrated from the Coromandel Coast and settled in Colombo' (pp.348-349). The “Gazette' and Doyly have stated that Tambi Mudaliyar belonged to the "Chitty' class of Tamil traders from the Coromandel Coast. But there is Some doubt on this point. It is alleged that he belonged to the Acharaya community. Whether he was a Acharaya or a Chitty, he was nevertheless a member of the great Tamil community, composed of Saints and sinners, as is any other community.
We are not responsible for the sins or seeming shortcomings of Our fathers, nor should these be visited upon the children. But it is a Sad turn of events, and the un kindest cut of all, for Jayawardena, of all men, to attack the Prime Minister because the latter is of Tamil descent. The UNP journal, which is said to be directed, controlled and managed by Jayawardena has dared to attack our Prime Minister,
using the infor chosen to publish
“Tribune' on 19th article en title Nilaperumal”, tha Was a direct des Kapurala who ha South India. It ill na to Summon the al', to serve his d doubt there was l of Tuscany. But w ter was a little pr Jaya warde na t Nilaperumal, livi disreputable gla Muda liyar ? To sa ye scribes and ph
Nilaperumal
Do the misguid know that Nilap Ceylon in 1506, bu liyar’s father sav island only a fe British occupied vinces. Do they Geyzels and Seve the Burgher cor being driven by other climes, have country tham theS6 they know that W were fighting Dut at Anuradhapura Coromandel coas encouraging appla tories from the Jayawardena, all blooded Tamils, a denounced and de dena? Would that father's ghost be that one sprung fr ingrately denying advice to the UNP out if you still skeletons in your
The Jayewarden this line came ove two hundred year Surnames, one Jayawardena. Th hidden mystery. Gazette' of the 15t on this point. Th 'Gazette' is as fol 'The father of th aSSumed the Sinh laid aside their or and adoptd that What indeed Was that Was laid as been Sinna-tambi, man Pulle, Sami even the name of neo-Sinha-le pseuc man. I feel sure hiding a succulent

nation that I had in the columns of the July, 1957, in my “The House of our Prime Minister endant of a Tamil d immigrated from ecomes Jayawardeghost of Nilaperumscredited cause. No ughter in the ranks ait a bit. The laugh2mature. How could hro W a Stone at ng as he did in the sshouse of Tambi ck-cloth and ashes, arisees of the UNP
2d Souls of the UNP erumal landed in t that Tambi Mudathe shores of this w years before the the Maritime Proknow that the Van ral other families of mmunity, which is frustration to seek lived longer in this Jayawardenas? Do rhen Elara’s hordes hu Gemumu's army , the shores of the t had echoed with ause for Elara’s vicvery ancestors of of whom were fulllas, now disowned, spised by JayawarTambi Mudaliyar’s summoned and told om his seed is today his patrimony. My - keep Nilaperumal want to hide the cupboard.
Las, since the first of r to Ceylon less tham s ago, have had two of course being e other name is a Even the 'Ceylon h May 1930 is silent e reference in the lows: 'e Modeliar having alese cOStume, etc, iginal family name of Jaya wardena ”. the 'original family' ide”? It could have or Peria-tambi, Sikannu Achary, or that pet aversion of lo Aryans Thondathat somebody is secret in his bosom.
TAMILTIMES13
Man of many religions
Many and varied were the gods that the Jayawardenas worshipped within the short space of 200 years. Their religion has been in turn Hindu, Dutch Reformed Church, Church of England, Church of Ceylon and militant Buddhism, the last a contradiction in terms, but nevertheless a variety of religion with happily only a few devotees, among whom the latest recruit happens to be Junius Richard Jayawardena. Lucky for the som that his father E.W. Jayawardena, the proud exemplar of Christian duty, is now dead.
Most of these Jayawardenas have in turn affected such variegated cos
tumes that they could be certain, had
they competed, of winning a prize at a Fancy Dress Pageant. They had
looked pretty in the national garbs of
Tamil Chitties, Dutchmen, Englishmen, and the cloth and banian of neo-Sinha-le pseudo Aryans.
The Jayawardenas had originally spoken the Tamil language, but soon
after their entry to the country, they appear to have developed a contempt for all vulgar tongues, and would only hold converse in the imperial language of their Dutch masters, the forthright germanic gutturals of de Hollandsche, (pronounced Hollan-se), their long lost “fellow-Aryan' brothers-in-blood. But when the English supplanted the Dutch, there was a Jayawardena, only too ready to teach his children to call him “Daddy” and their mother “Mammie' and speak English in measured Oxford accents of a Lord Haw-Haw. They have a penchant for languages, these Jayawardenas, from Tamil to Dutch, from Dutch to English, from English to 'Sinhala Only', is no mean achievement.
Muslim?
The great-great grandfather, in the direct male ascent, of Junius Richard Jayawardena was popularly known as Tambi Mudaliyar. The prevailing misconception about Tambi Mudaliyar is that he was a Muslim. Having studied the life and character of this man, I have no hesitation in saying that he would undoubtedly have become a Muslim had he found that by becoming so, he would have gained some suitable personal advantage. He never embraced Islam, nor did he ever go through the process of conversion to that faith.
Tambi Mudaliyar was born in the village, Welgama, near Hanwella in the Siyane Korle. Let the biography published in the "Ceylon Gazette' tell the tale of his beginnings in its own words. "At the age of 13 years', runs this story, "he lost his father.' This
PLEASE TURN OVER

Page 14
14 TAMILTIMES
FROM PREVIOUS PAGE . refers to the individual whose original name still remains a secret to posterity, but who holds the record in Ceylon history for having so completely changed name, nationality, religion and costume at one stroke.
The 'Gazette' biography states: “This bereavement (referring to the death of Tambi Mudaliyar’s father) with other calamities which befell the family about the same time brought the survivors into great distress; So that in his early years, Jayawardena was the subject of many privations and had to suffer many domestic hardships. Had he merely been a native of the ordinary stamp, he would by these unpropitious events have sunk into that state of apathy so peculiar to the native character. But from the beginning he envinced an energy of character seldom possessed by natives, and although he felt his misfortunes, and had but faint prospects of ever being able to rise above them, yet he had courage enough to struggle with his circumstances and his subsequent history shows how successfully the spirit of enterprise raised him above all the unpromising occurrences which assailed him in early life.
The above is a delineation of the extraordinary qualities that went, according to his biographer, to form the character of Tambi Mudaliyar. Naturally, belonging as he did to a family of recent Tamil immigrants, Tambi Mudaliyar could not have been expected to be identical in type, mentality and outlook to the indigenous people of the country. But the writer of the biography has taken advantage of these differences to blacken the character of the "natives' of the country, and to that same extent, praise Tambi Mudaliyar by drawing invidious comparisons.
The word 'natives' has been used and belaboured unduly, and on every occasion the writer had sought to insult the "natives', he exalted his protege, Tambi Mudaliyar, as one who did not possess the undesirable "natives' shortcomings. Finally, the "subsequent history” of Tambi Mudaliyar is presented to us as a success story. We shall in due course examine this 'subsequent history” of Tambi Mudaliyar. Fo the present, let us thank goodness that the 'natives' of Ceylon were and are, totally unlike this unscrupulous and sordid adventurer and charlatan.
Servant to Aratchy
"About the age of fourteen or fifteen, the Gazette biography continues he (Tambi Mudaliyar) came under the notice of the late Colonel Driberg . . . The Colonel was then Commandant of the Fort of Colombo, at that time in the
possession of the D. ing that young Jay sed natural powers ing kind, advanced of a domestic Servi aratchy in the arme Would that all ma nevolent as to recog ers of a promising their domestic s manmer?
Colonel Diedrich was the first of the II to Ceylon. He came eenth century from many. The Jayawa this Burgher gentle able debt of gratitl now living should b this signal act of c scension shown by t family. Any form of worthy occupation, vice is no exception is difficult to reco mentality of Junius dena, with his greatTambi Mudaliyar’s ble station as a ( under Colonel Dribe
A paid spy
From the position the armed Lascor Dutch, the future became a paid spy of the island was invac Army under the co General Stuart', the "and was advancing the Dutch Governo selected aratchy Jay person to send as a di to the English Army strength etc., and to formation of all their unpleasant task, it a satisfactorily by Ta At this time, the E the Services of a f under the Dutch, W from the country. Th the cause of Tambi Dutch spy, at Mabole of the Kelani Gang Sinhalo spy of the l vered, arrested and fore Major-General S played for high stake He had played and lo was claimed, as fol Birkenhead claim brought Casement tc in the present case Tambi Mudaliyar. G. no alternative but to tion of Tambi Mudal would say, Fate inter it was the character ness of the adventure ty Tambi possessed

itch, and discoverawardena possesof a very promishim from the State nt to the office of d Lascoryn Corps'. şterS Were as bemise "natural powind', and promote erwantS in like
Carl von Driberg ribergs that came over in the eightHanover (?), Gerrdenas owe it to man an immeasurde. The Dribergs mighty proud of narity and condehe founder of their honest labour is a and domestic serto this rule. But it ncile the “hamu” Richard Jayawargreat grandfather own original humlomestic servant erg.
of an aratchy in yn Corps of the Tambi Mudaliyar the Dutch. 'When led by the British mmand of Major biography states, towards Colombo, r von Angelbeck awardena as a fit sguised emissary 7 to ascertain the give regular inmovements. This ppears, was done mbi Mudaliyar. ritish were using ormer Mudaliyar ho was banished is Mudaliyar was 's undoing as a on the other side ia. The TamiloDutch was discobrought him betuart. Tambi had S as all spies did. t. Now the forfeit instance, when 2d it when he bay. The forfeit was the life of neral Stuart had order the execuyar. Here, some fened. As I see it, stic resourcefullr, of which qualilarge measure,
JUNE 1985
that rescued this spy from the hang man’s moose.
It is reported in the 'Gazette' biography that the British wanted him to Spy, in turn, for them, to give 'exact information of the strength of the Dutch Garrison, the nature and extent of the preparations made for defending the Fort, and the general condition of the troops.' This, of course, the noble and conscience-stricken spy, who spied for spying's sake, and not for love of country (for by his actions one concluded that country he had none), refused to do. We are told he would not do “so traitorous an act', as if treachery meant anything to this high-souled gentlemen.
British spy
However, we find he ultimately turned out as a British spy, his life being spared. While the reprieve of Tambi Mudaliyar’s life ensured his posterity, and we have thus been rewarded with (or punished by) his legacy, J. R. Jayawardena, we cannot help feeling that had only Tambi Mudaliyar suffered his merited fate the lives of SO many brave and patriotic Kandyans would have escaped their tragic ends, and their blood would not have stained the hands mor darkened the conscience, if he had one, of Tambi Mudaliyar. Indeed, the course of Ceylon history might well have taken a different turn. For Ceylonese treachery would have been strangled at its birth.
The ‘subsequent history” of Tambi Mudaliyar who proudly styled himself Mudaliyar Don Adrian Wijayasinghe Jayawardena is not something that a Ceylonese could be proud of. Indeed, in a certain sense, Tambi Muda liyar’s 'subsequent history' does not belong to Ceylon history. It belongs to British history. It belongs to the history of British espionage. The history of espionage in general should have some space to record the adventures of this vagabond, sans language, sans religion, sans costume, sans nationality. Espionage is never a noble vocation. Espionage for one's own country is perhaps permissible. But espionage against one's country is despicable and detestable. Such a spy will eventually be disowned by his patrons and cursed and damned by his victims and their progeny.
Tambi Mudaliyar's place in Ceylon history is at some spot in our National Square, where each year on the day of National Independence, his effigy could be burnt by patriotic Ceylonese. I would here quote the concluding words in an article by Vincent de Silva in the "Times of Ceylon' dated 15th May 1950. De Silva wrote, "Never had the British a more loyal Sinhalese under their command, nor the

Page 15
JUNE 1985
Sinhalese a worse traitor. Veteran traitors like Pilama Talawa and Ehelapola tried, in a misguided way, to re-establish the Sinhalese dynasty, but the Guide Mudaliyar Adrian Jayawardema did so for a living.”
J.R.J.
Tambi Muda liyar’s life story is a lesson and a Warning to all Ceylonese. Particularly it should be a warning to
his great-great grandson Junius
Richard Jayawardena Who has now threatened to play With Fire, little realising that he might get consumed by the same element. He has announced that he Would lead the disobedience movement against government. But Junius Richard Jaya wardena is today this, and tomorrow that. How could any man in his Senses, leave aside a country, follow him?
He seems to have forgotten how piously and religiously as a young man in full possession of his senses and having reached the years of discretion, he used to approach the communion rails of a Christian Church in Colombo. But today he folds his hands in like
manner and rever the statue of Budo Christian, and is hi do not deny that it Buddhist now, an
Christian earlier
haviour is, to say convincing. Yester a Marxist, a mem Soviet Friendship demanded both Sin be the Official La he airs opposite v. Ceylon, Jayawarde jehad against th mockery:
The country has challenged that v Ceylon's freedom, he raised the rel election, having Buddhist. Forever driving E.W. Perel his life, from the and deserved, in and tears. Jayawa this dearly. It is no niya had rejected has not forgotten, against the Ceylonhistoric act that ra
A VOICE FROMAMERICA
If you had a family, wouldn't you be upset if your young sons were taken off the Streets for 'questioning', never to be seen again? Wouldn't you be upset if at any time, soldiers could break into your home for no reason, Search the place, take what they wanted and rape your wife and daughters? Wouldn't you be concerned if your priests could no longer stay in their churches and function, but had to hide for fear of their lives as they are doing in Mannar diocese? Wouldn't you be concerned if because of the curfew your family would not be taken to the doctor or hospital when they were ill or delivering a child because it wasn't the allowable hours in the day between 8 and 10 in the morning, and 2 and 4 in the afternoon? Who plans their sickness in the proper hour, or their accident or the delivery of a child?
I have been to times and have de prejudices against been all over the is Sinhalese areas ar state of repair. The atrocious roads, e. they must pay the Sinhalese and all th Sinhalese which m. able to read.
Most of the Tami both Hindus and wished for a separa the young as they answer. The older only for equality: for jobs and educ denied them, dece! and road signs they be able to practis they wished.
But no, just bec young boys start
EDUCATION A MUST" says Principal
Education, by an unbroken tradition, has been the rich heritage of the Jaffna Tamils, which we cannot afford to lose under any circumstances, however trying it may be. It had to be preserved, cherished and provided under all conditions,' said Mr W.N.S. Samuel, Principal, Hartley College, Point Pedro, when he addressed a meeting of representatives of Christiam Teachers Union.
: Continuing, Mr teachers should not and duty to the chi try under the gui general unrest in t the mood to studi exist. It was up create the necessa the mental framev maintain the educa the North. “They sh tions to ensure tha Schools continued u CONTINU

entially approaches lha. Was he a good e a good Buddhist? I t is possible to be a ld to have been a but his peculiar bethe least, most unday he was a leftist, aber of the LankaUnion. For long he halese and Tamil to nguages. But today iews. Of all men in 2na wants to wage a e Tamils. What a
not forgotten how he veteran fighter for
E.W. Perera; how igious cry at that by then become a
shame on him for ca, in the evening of laurels he had won to dissillusionment rdena shall pay for t enough that Kela
him. The country too, how he worked China pact, the one ised this land over
Sri Lanka several finitely noticed the the Tamils. I have land and only in the e the roads in any Tamil country has ven though I know same taxes as the e roads signs are in any Tamils are un
ls I met over there,
Christians never te state. It was only could see no other Tamils were asking Equal opportunity lation which were
it roads for travel,
7 could read, and to e their religion as
ause this group of
ed protesting for
Samuel said that
t slacken their work
ldren and the counse that there was he country and that y does not simply to the teachers to ry atmosphere and vork to continue to tional standards of ould brave all situaat education in our Indisturbed and unUED ON PAGE 20
TAMLTIMES 15
night to the stature of a self-respecting nation. Jayawardena's intrigues against Kotelawela showed how little he cared for party principles or loyalties. w
Consistency might be a virtue of the
unthinking fool. But a systematic in
consistency which dovetails into the self-interests of an individual, and are patently transparent, will be repudi ated and its shame exposed by a vigilant nation, which will not allow itself. to be fooled. The Tambi Mudaliyar family has, in the main, such a record of shifting loyalties, that it is impossible to gloss over it. Originally and naturally it was, I have no doubt, pro-Tamil, then it was pro-Dutch, theni pro-British and now it appears to be pro-Sinhala, whatever this may mean. But always it had appeared to be anxious to be pro-power-that-be, im agined or real. Tomorrow, if by some unhappy fate Sri Lanka were to get under the heel of an Islamic conqueror, I shall not be surprised if we found Junius Richard Jayawardena among the sons of the prophet. Self has meant everything to this type of politician, and country nothing. Such men are dangerous. God save our country.
| LETTERS TITO
LE B DOI
equal rights and equal opportunities. the Tamils have to live under Militar Government, with atrocious restric tions placed on them, and violent killings, burning and looting of their homes and churches, killing of their priests, etc. -
A US citi
LALITHS SINISTER MOVE
At a press conference in Colombo, Mr. Lalith Athulathmudali, Sri Lankan Minister of National Security, 'disclosed' his secret plan to prevent Tamil youth from joining the Tamil militant groups.
He said, as reported in the "Island (May 22), that the government had accepted the importance of his proposals which he had already Submitted orally. He added: "I will not be submitting it in writing.’
Why is he reluctant to put his proposals in Writing to his own colleagues in the government? Is he afraid that his colleagues would leak them? Or are the proposals so diabolical and criminall that he would become incriminated if he were to document them? Do the plans include a planned gradual liquidation of Tamil young men between the ages of 14 and 25 years?
S.T. Arasan: Colombo 2

Page 16
16 TAMILTIMES
STATE TE
MORE SAVAGI
APRIL 14, 1985
More shooting in Jaffna: More innocent civilians were injured as triggerhappy soldiers continued their attacks on Tamils. 57-year-old Velupillai from Sillalai was admitted to Jaffna hospitall with gun-shot injuries. Meanwhile, two of the several civilians admitted to hospital with gun-shot injuries succumbed to their injuries. They are Jacob and R. Surendran (29 years) from Colombothurai.
APRIL 16, 198
Fishermen held: Thirteen innocent fishermen were taken into custody by the armed forces in the fishing village of Navanthurai in Jaffna. At the time of arrest some of them were resting,
within the premises of a church. ,
Kakkaitivu shooting: The armed forces opened fire at innocent civilians at Kakkaitivu in Jaffna killing one youth and injuring many others.
APRIL 17,985
27 killed in Mannar: The Sri Lankan Navy personnel went on the rampage in Mannar today killing 27 Tamil civilians. A large number of civilians were also arrested and taken to the Thalladi Army camp. Their fate is not known.
Commandos butcher refugees: Severall Tamil refugees from the village of Akkaraipattu in the Eastern Province, who had gone to neighbouring villages in search of food were shot dead by police commandos. Their bodies were piled up by the roadside and set on fire by the commandos. Several refugees who escaped the ordeal fled into near by jungles.
Liberation fighters exonerated by government ministers: The governmentsponsored canard that the Tamil liberation fighters were behind the Muslim-Tamil clashes in the Eastern Province was today exposed and the Tamil youth exonerated by no less tham three ministers from President Jayawardene's government. Cabinet Ministers Devanayagam and Rajadurai and District Minister Mrs Ranganayagi Pathmanathan, all representing electorates in the troubled Eastern
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6 32O 27
Province visited t today and issued a ating the Tamil mil that "other subver responsible for the
Patient snatched fr commandos went il pital (in the East took away an inju who was having a Sion. The drip Was ( commandos thems
Who's behind Hind an interview in th Tamil daily, the ( Rural Industrial D Thondaman, has that the Hindu-Mu East of Sri Lanka acts of violence. He affair had been 'ca “deplorable elemen
APRL
Murder at Mylido Tamil civilians we armed forces at village in the N today.
APRL
200 houses burnt: 2C to Tamils at Kudiy were set on fire and
APRIL
Muslim ex-MP acc M.C. Ahamed, the MP for Kalmumai anaike's governme today's issue of th Tamil daily) to have poster that appear Province alleging th instigated the violer had confirmed that poster were true.
33 civilians killed: incidents at Nelliad
Monday
8ኳሃ messa rsday .
3 101
Sa rday
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

JUNE 1985
NG OFTAMILS
he troubled areas: statement exoneritants and alleging. 'sive forces' were
incidents.
bm hospital: Police
to the Eravur hos
ern Province) and
red Tamil civilian
intravenous infulisconnected by the
elves.
u-Muslim riots? In he “Eela Nadu', a
Tamil) Minister of
evelopment, Mr S. ejected the claim 1slim riots in the were spontaneous said that the whole alculated' and that ts' were behind it.
19, 1985
ly: Four innocent re shot dead by the Myliddy, a fishing orthern Province
20, 1985
10 houses belonging riruppu in Eravur, burnt down today.
21, 1985
uses Mossad: Mr
former (Muslim)
in Mrs Bandarnt is reported in he 'Virakesari' (a referred to a wall ed in the Eastern at the Mossad had 1ce in the East. He the contents of the
In two separate dy and Mullaitivu
81s222S
3 1U 24, 31 Monday
Seturday
in the North, at least 33 innocent Tamil civilians were butchered by th armed forces. According to the government version, at Mullaitivu Tamil militants had set off a land mine explosion under an army truck killing four soldiers and that the army fired back and killed 24 militants. But on-the-spot reports from Mullaitivu say that soldiers in the other vehicles of the convoy had shot and killed not militants but every civilian seen in the vicinity and that the death toll was well in excess of the 24 admitted by the government. At Nelliady, nine civilians were shot dead by the armed forces. Meanwhile, two civilians grievously hurt in the troops' shoot-out at Mullaitivu, Thurairatnama (29 years) and Ramanathan (26 years), were transferred to the Jaffna Hospitall from Mullaitivu Hospital.
APRIL 22, 1985
Buses didn't ply - no diesel: For the fifth day running government buses attached to the Jaffna, Point Pedro and Karainagar depots did not ply the roads, the reason being given that no diesel had arrived from Colombo. With the ban on the use of private vehicles. the buses were the only source of transport available to the citizens even to go to hospital.
100 Tamil houses burnt: In Punchanthoduvai, in the Eastern Province, the Operation incineration continued with at least 100 Tamil houses being burnt down.
Armoured car lights for looters: Armoured cars belonging to President Jayawardene's Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka switched on their powerful headlights to provide lighting to hoodlums imported from Colombo to loot Tamil houses in the
village of Kalavanchikkudi in the
Eastern Province.
APRIL 24, 1985
More arson and murders: In the village of Navatkuda in the Eastern Province, four Tamil civilians were killed and several Tamil houses set om fire. Meanwhile, unofficial estimates have indicated that around 1,000 houses
Z || 28 5 12 1926
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3 O 1724 3
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Page 17
JUNE 1985
have been set on fire and 25,000 ren. dered homeless in the violence sweeping the Eastern Province. Up till now about 50 are reported killed.
*Outsiders caused trouble' - Thonda. Cabinet Minister Mr S. Thondaman met President Jayawardene today and placed before him the evidence that he had about 'outside forces' who had infiltrated into the Eastern Province to cause trouble. - , , ,
APRIL 25, 1985
Valaichenai burns again: Violence terupted in Valaichenai in the Eastern Province for the second time in recent weeks, resulting in several Tamil houses being set on fire and many people getting injured. Meanwhile, the government has transferred to Colombo all Tamil officers attached to the Valaichenai police!
Motor cyclists killed: Two Tamil civilians riding a motor cycle were shot dead by the troops at Ooddumadam junction, in the outskirts of the Jaffna town today.
APRIL 26, 1985
“Outsiders' transported to East - Thonda: In a statement issued to the Tamil daily Virakesari today, Cabinet Minister Thondaman alleged that large numbers of persons had been transported from Colombo to Batticaloa in government vehicles, to stir up violence there. Meanwhile, a number of national identity cards picked up at scenes of violence at Karaitivu and Akkaraipattu in the Eastern Province were found to be those of Colombo residents
Sarath says government, Israelis, rs sponsible for carnage in the East: The Communist MP for Kalawana, Sarath Muttetuwegama said in Parliament today that the violence in the Eastern Province was stirred up and engineered by the Sri Lanka government and their Israeli friends (Mossad). He also alleged that the government has despatched Mr N.U. Jayawardene to South Africa, the citadel of apartheid to purchase weapons for the Sri Lankan troops.
APRIL 27, 1985
69-year-old man killed: A 69-year-old man – Rajadurai (alias Shastri) was shot dead by the armed forces at
Kondavil today. : {ễ
Stones thrown at bus: A bus plying to Jaffna from Colombo was received
with a hail of stone leading to several being injured and
aged badly. The di A. Selvanayagam head injury from
continued to drive of Vavuniya and th of the passengers.
Valaichenai ablaz erupted in Valaich to about 50 Tamil
down. Several Ta juries from burns. people have been
and have lost all
APRL
Troops ber ser Ariyalai: Followi sions at Karaveddi Northern Province bloody rampage k lians and smashin, and shops and lo were also carried ( killing many civil killed are Sinnadu (Karaveddi) and M nam (Ariyalai). Th ing to the Nelliad purpose Co-operat petrol shed at N smashed up by the dead bodies (inclu child) are being ke of Manthigai Hos moorthy (48 years Valvettithurai Ci was assaulted by galvanised pipes. Santhanam (40 ye the troops and wa thigai Hospital.
Helicopters distri pamphlets: Helicc the Sri Lankan pol over the troubled air-dropping pam Muslims to rise aga massacre them.
Bus fired at: A bus Lankan governme Kerativu and Jaff sengers was shot killing the cond Maheswaran (45 y passengers on the sengers who travel SRI 2921) Suffered Miss Vigneswari years), Mrs Indrac (43 years), Vaithili Josephmani (55 y
 
 
 

s at Anuradhapura
Tamil passengers the bus being damriver of the bus, Mr who sustained a the stone-throwing the bus to the safety ereby saved the life
28, 1985
e again: Violence enai today leading houses being burnt mils sustained inHundreds of Tamil rendered homeless their belongings.
29, 1985
K at Kara v eddi, ng landmine exploand Ariyalai in the e, troops went om a killing over 25 civig up several houses oting them. Raids but from helicopters ians. Among those rai Chelvanayagam Mr & Mrs Navarathe buildings belongi Kaddaiveli Multiive Society and the elliadi have been troops. Some of the Iding a lady and a pt at the mortuary pital. Mir Muruga), Treasurer of the tizens' Committee y the troops with
Mr Vetharaniyam ars) was stabbed by S admitted to Man
ibute inflammable opters belonging to ice were seen flying
Eastern Province phlets urging the ainst the Tamils and
belonging to the Sri ent plying between na with Tamil pas
at by the forces, uctor, Arumugam ears) and two other : spot. Several pasled in the bus (No.22 gun-shot injuries -
Mailvaganam (23 levi Ramachandran ingam (58 years), S. 'ears), Raheem (32
TAMILITMES 17
years), Subendran (17 years). They have been admitted to Jaffna Hospital;
Newly married couple killed: In a separate incident in the Ariyalai area rampaging troops shot and killed a newly married couple, K. Navaratnam, (36 years) and Sushiladevi (33 years), who were being entertained for a meai by some relatives. The costly gold jewellery worn by the bride was ripped off her dead body by the troops.
MAY 2, 1985
Murder at Point Pedro: A fifty-yearold schoolteacher, Mrs Johnpillai, who was plucking vegetables in her home garden at Point Pedro was shot dead by troops today. In another incident in, the same area, 21-year-old Ponnambalam Chandrakumar returning home from Sri Vallipura Alwar temple after a day of fasting was shot dead on the street by the troops.
Kodikamam killing: An innocent Tamil citizen, Nesarajah, who was: admitted to Jaffna hospital after being assaulted by troops at Kodikamam Succumbed to his injuries at the hos pital.
Massacre from helicopter at Mutur: Violence erupted in the village of Koddaiparichchan in Mutur (Eastern ProVince) resulting in the killing of about ten people. Soon after the incident, Sri Lanka Air Force helicopters strafed the village with bullets from the sky killing many innocent Tamils. Several Tamil houses were also set on fire
Troops also opened fire at Samboor killing many Tamil civilians
MAY 4, 1985
Gunfire claims four: Armed forces
opened fire in Jaffna today killing four innocent civilians - R. Rajendran (30 years), S. Sadasivam (36 years),
Sathia seelan Sathia noorthy (28 years), Anandan (35 years).
Bus hijacked, burnt: A private bus plying from Colombo to Jaffna was hijacked at Chilaw by Sinhalese speak ing gunmen and taken to a jungle area The Tamil passengers (40 in all) were stripped of all their belongings and assaulted mercilessly. Two young girls who were travelling in the bus, were raped. The bus was set on fire and completely burnt.
Tamil priest murdered: A Hindu
Tamil priest attached to the Udappu
Amman temple was shot dead by the troops and hung from a tree, head
downwards, from a tree in front of the
temple.

Page 18
18 TAMILTIMES
ACTOFIMPROPRIETY
“In questioning the sincerity of India's friendship with Sri Lanka at a banquet in honour of the British Prime Minster, President Jayawardene committed an act of impropriety. Mrs Thatcher's visit to Sri Lanka and India has been as a common friend of the two Commonwealth countries and not as an arbiter. In giving a distorted version of India's role in the Sri Lankan crisis, he was trying to camouflage his own actions responsible for deepening the ethnic crisis. His main charge against New Delhi is that Sri Lankan Tamil separatists have been permitted to “live and travel freely in India'. He would not have rushed to a hasty conclusion on India's stand had he cared to examine the circumstances in which the Tamils fled to India. The reign of terror unleashed on them by the Sri Lankan government left them with no option but to seek refuge in India. How could the Indian government distinguish between law-abiding citizens and terrorists when such a large exodus or people was taking place.' (HINDUSTAN TIMES, 27.4.85)
STATELY ROMAN SENATOR
It is fascinating to watch President Junius R. Jayewardene when he is on his foreign visits. Stately as a Roman senator, he is, of course, and when the questions are correctly framed, as they are when asked in Islamabad and New York, Beijing, and London, he unfolds what really is in his mind on the problems of the island. In Islamabad over the weekend, the Sri Lanka President made it clear that a political solution to the ethnic problem was difficult in the present environment'. A political situation, he told General Zia ul-Haq at a banquet table, should not be a decorative ornament but a practical thing which was implementable and implementable it would be only if terrorism were brought under control.
Past stand: For more than two and a half years, the President has maintained this stand in his vocabulary. In the meantime, thousands, just thousands of innocent Tamils were killed in Colombo in 1983, in Jaffna in 1984 and in distant hamlets and towns in the central hills and the eastern coast towns of Batticaloa and Trincomalee, in the high seas off the coast line and some in jails. As the Tamil militants waxed and waned in their own violence against government establishments, and the army, Jayewardene's soldiery has main
WHAT THE (
tained a high pitch against the people Tamils of Indian O. ple and quite a fe living in the island. clear even to his st in Washington a Jayewardene's Sta the Tamils, aided a ish mercenaries. and Israeli killer-t few parallels in cor So, when Jayev violence must enc meaning which is 1 rest of the world, l which has had to fá refugee problem domestic scene th warped because of political strains tha the fall-out of the (LINK, 14.4.85)
JUNIUS BLOW COLD
"How many Tamils for that matter, hov killed during the S. body's guess; very the press because every such story to publishing it. Rumc there is no doubt operation has been sides. The terrorist and one helicopter last week when Jayewardene maki fact that he is Spe billions of dollars' equipment to fight Both China and F arms to Sri Lanka when the Pakistan lines refused to C Colombo on the plea the aviation ethics ger plane, Generall objection and sai Lanka which gave ties during the Ba eight per cent Musl Lanka is not, how General Zia; they same type of trea meted out to the induction of Israel Sri Lanka soldiers ated them.
Apart from the the British SAS hav Sri Lanka govern soldiers. Jayewar about it. In fact, about it, he said: You can't dictate helping Sri Lanka

JUNE 1985
THERSSAY
of bloody violence many of whom are igin, stateless peow Indian nationals It is now becoming rongest supporters d elsewhere that e violence against nd abetted by BritAmerican dollars, chnology has very temporary history. rardene says that , he puts on it a lot accepted by the east of all by India ce the brunt of the and whose own
eatens to become the emotional and ut are generated in refugee issue.
SHOT 8
die every week or, v many soldiers are ame period is anylittle is printed in it has to submit the censors before ours are plenty. But that the level of stepped up by both s are using rockets escaped a direct hit was there. And es no Secret of the nding "billions and to buy the latest the terrorists. 'akistan are selling ... Some time back International Airarry the arms to that it was against o do so in a passenZia overruled the that it was Sri hem fuelling faciligladesh war. The m population in Sri ver, impressed by ultimately fear the tment as is being Tamils. And the is for training the has further alien
sraeli instructors, e been hired by the nent to assist its ene is quite open when I asked him “Why shouldn't I? me.' Who else is S difficult to deter
mine but I found Jayewardene confident of emerging victorious and believing that the world is beginning to 'appreciate' his point of view. However, he blows hot and cold at the same time.' (INTERNATIONAL COURIER, March 1985)
THE ISRAELIDEVIL
The Sinhalese soldiers call it the Yakka, meaning the 'Devil'. That is the latest bullet-proof, steel-plated troop carrier which carries the bomb-scarred Sri Lankan troops in troubled Tamildominated northern province of Jaffna. The people call it the "Israeli devil'. Israeli presence is visible in the Tamil-majority north and east of Sri Lanka in the prominently displayed anti-Israeli posters and the army trucks and the modern weapons troops carry. The posters call the Israelis to go home, "Down with Zionism, Down with New-Fascism, they read.
"Not only in the trucks and the guns you see the Israeli presence but also in the very manner in which the soldiers hold their guns, a military analyst who wants to remain unidentified, said. He quoted a statement by an Israeli journalist-turned-soldier, Kobybrook, 26, currently with the Hebrew daily 'Hadashot to the English weekly "Weekend', in which he said: “The way your guys carry their weapons is the way we are taught during our basic training'.
"The soldiers not only carry their weapons the Israeli way they also adopt the same tactics, which the minister says he did not know, of reprisals and terror, the same military analyst averred.
None disagrees with the theory that the ill-trained, ill-educated, ill-equipped Sinhalese soldiers indulge in reprisals and terror tactics. They conducted combined shelling action from the sea and the land in early August to destroy the sea front city of Valvettiturai as a reprisal to the killing of two naval personnel. They burnt over 100 shops mostly owned by Muslims at the north-western town in retaliation to the slaying of six soldiers near Mannar. (INTERNATIONAL COURIER, March 1985)
MILKING THE CRISIS
"Jayewardene has been dispatching envoys with almost indecent frequency to western capitals to drum up support both moral and physical while
PLEASE TURN TO PAGE 20
-ب۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔- ع - ع - ۔

Page 19
JUNE 1985
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Quotabi
The country will face economic disaster if the present bloodshed goes on for more tham sic months.
Ronnie de Mel, Minister of Finance, “Island, 3.6.85
Following the Anuradhapura massacre and the killings at
the Sri Maha Bodhi, a strange change has taken place within me and it has increased my strength and vigour tenfold.”
- Lalith Athulathmudali, Minister of National Security
"Island, 27.5.85
Since the Tamils and Muslims are minorities they must join hands as members of a single community to fight for their rights.
- M.I. Uthumalebbe, Director, All Ceylon Muslim League, "Island', 25.5.85
'Mr S. Thondaman is emerging as the national hero of the country with well over five lakhs of membership in his' estate employees' congress. The estate workers of the Congress were emerging distinctly as the new rich class in the country.'
-- Wen. Madihe Pannasiha Mahamayake Thero, 'sand 25.85
Forty-five per cent of true people of Sort Laruka are opposed to the present government.'
Anandatiss de Alwis, Minister of State, "Island' - 19.5.85

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Few will dispute that Sri Lanka is today caught in the most tragic impasse of its recent history, but what we wonder is whether everybody realises the true dimensions of the tragedy which hit the country.'
- Editorial, "Island', 19.5.85
"Nobody in the (Sri Lanka) Cabinet is looking for the best solution to the Tamil problem. They are not thinking of Sri Lanka's future, but of their own.'
- Dr. Colvim R. de Silva, Island', 7.6.85
Jaya uvardene (President) is mouv talking of imposing martial law. What he doesn't realise is that in a small country like Sri Lanka, the army can easily take over.’
-- Major Gen. Prakash Pasricha, Deputy Director, India’s Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis, "Newsweek', 17.6.85
Inte" country is at the crossroads. The choice before the country is clear. Are we to take the low road and become the Beirut of Asia or take the high road and fulfil our promise as an emergent Asian nation? The price of failure to arrive at an agreement now will be nothing more than
the tearing apart of the entire Sri Lankan polity.’
- Editorial, Island, 29.5.85
While President Jayawardene's dilemma is understandable, Sri Lanka's long-term in term interests would be better served if he came to grips with the problem at home instead of seeking succour abroad.'
- "New Statesman', (London), 22.4.85

Page 20
20 TAMILTIMES
FROM PAGE 18
his trigger-happy soldiers continue to massacre Tamils with unbridled abandon. Though the latter have had more success than the former, there is a growing feeling that Jayewardene is determined to milk the crisis for everything it is worth before finally, and
dramatically, coming up with a di- .
plomatic compromise acceptable to the Tamils, many of whom are wearied of the constant harassment.
Cash registers
But therein lies the rub. The kind of international attention Sri Lanka is attracting could boomerang badly. The well-stocked bar at Colombo's popular Supper Club nightspot is currently frequented with the new kind of tourist the island has been attracting lately - arms dealers. With their arrivall has emerged from the panelled woodwork the ubiquitous Coomar Narains of Colombo, influential middle men with cash registers where their hearts should be. In the current situation, with Israeli Mossad and British Special Air Services (SAS) personnel engaged in training and equipping Sri Lanka's unruly armed forces, there is mot much that is secret about Sri Lanka's defence or diplomatic plans. In an interview to a Colombo journalist
last year, an Israe ly admitted that 't to Asia'. The ins other negative a agreement with th has been erected ( of the 'Voice of Ar ly, Colombo has no the programmes a ficantly it happer powerful VOA tra outside the US. De it as a possible co facility between Di Pine Gap commu Australia and deen ming Indian defer Systems.
The greater dang that normally con tors of banana rep bility of an army c likelihood of that Jayewardene is ali the moment he bov for a different ball The Sri Lankan al acknowledged as or
the most indiscipli
After having been c. de ground for the are now suddenly th tional attention.'
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Y, March 15, 1985)
JUNE 1985
TOURIST HOTEL BLOWNUP
Tamil guerrillas blew up the Moon
light Beach Hotel situated near the eastern port city of Trincomalee on June 10. The 72-room tourist hotel was completely destroyed. :
The reason for the attack upon the hotel would appear to be that it had
remained closed for a week and that
the army was going to convert it into their barracks.
The Moonlight Beach was one of the principal hotels overlooking the golden beaches at Nilaveli, ten miles north of Trincomalee, which became a favourite resort for western tourists.
FROM PAGE 15
interrupted. We had a duty by our children which cannot be forsaken under the pretext of living in turbulent times. As far as the people in the North were concerned, education was everything to them, and everything was losf
when education was lost.'
A resolution was passed unanimously requesting the powers that be to restore Hartley College and the Methodist Girls College, Point Pedro, to their earlier premises, so that there may be a uniformity in education, as at present the students of these schools were scattered in different neighbour ing schools.
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Page 21
JUNE 1985
WEST LONDONTAMIL SCHOOL
(WLTS) (Classes at Stanhope Middle School,
Mansell Road, Greenford, Middx)
Applications are invited for the following part-time posts
1. Additional Administrator/Secretary: Applicant must have a sound knowledge of Tamil, English and Book-keeping up to trial balance stage. Ability and experience in processing applications for grants from local authorities would be desirable. The hours of work will be approximately 18 per week (inclusive of 4 hours between 9a.m. and 1 p.m. on Saturdays) Salary will be based on 5P 24 scale of GLC rates, approx. £250 per month. Initial appointment will be for a probationary period of six months. 2. Tamil Language Teachers - 2 posts: The applicant must have experience in the teaching of Tamil and associated literature, poetry, drama, etc. up to GCE (O Level) standard, Duties will include inter alia syllabus examinations. Salary will be based on ILEA grade IV rates. Funding for the above posts 1 & 2 will be forthcoming from the GLC. WLTS is an equal opportunities employer, applications are invited from women and men irrespective of ethnic origin, colour, sexual orientation or disability. 3. Arts: The arts Section of the above School has been progressively expanding and would welcome applications from dualified/experienced teachers of Carnatic music and Bharatha Natyam. Vacancies exist for teachers in Violin, Miruthangam and Bharatha Natyam. Salaries would be based on ILEA Grade IV rates,
Please apply in writing withfull CW to Dr R. Niththyananthan, Headmaster, 179 Norval Road, North Wembley, Middlesex. HAO3SX. For further details, please telephone 01-9043937 or 01-5673333.
CLOSING DATE 20th JULY 1985
The annual prizegiving of the West London Tamil School will be held on 13th July at Greenford High School, Ruislip Road, Greenford, Middx, at 6.30pm. Prof. L. Kuper, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, University of California and Committee Member, International Alert, will be Chief Guest.
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22 TAMILTIMES
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MATRI MONIAL:
Mother seeks Hindu groom for girl aged 32
from Valvettithurai now permanent resident of Australia. Box M28 Cso Tamil Times,
Mother seeks qualified Tamil Hindu bridegroom for her attactive 28-year-old accountant daughter. Box M31 Clo Tamil Times.
Good-natured, educated, Sri Lankan Christian
Tamil lady, 33 years, excellent family back
ground, interested in classical music, settled in North America, seeks a professional with similar interests. Replies treated in strictest Confidence. Box M32 C/O Tamil Times.
Parents seek professionally qualified, Hindu
Tamil Sri Lankan bridegroom in employment, 30-35 years, for their homelly, attactive, professionally qualified working daughter (British citizen). Please write with horoscope. Box M33 C/o Tamil Times.
Doctor brother seeks partner for sister, 23 years, living in UK, partly qualified accountancy and computers. Students considered. Box M34 Clo Tamil Times.
Chemistry honours graduate, 35 years, teaching in Guyana after 1983 riots seeks suitable bridegroom. Contact doctor sister in UK. Box M35 C/o Tamil Times.
Doctor would like a groom for 20-year-old nurse daughter. Should be professionally qualified and under 25. Box M36 c/o Tamil Times.
DOMESTC: A young girl or lady urgently required to mind a school-going girl, 5 years, for about 7 months in Greater Manchester area. Telephone 0706 351169 after 5pm. VK
CONCERT:
Our art: Dance, Drums, Music, from Sri Lanka. Concert Purcell Room, South Bank, London, SE1, Sunday October 13th 7p.m. Tickets: £2,
23, 24. Details Tel: 01 5232.
Bharata Natyam/KuC Vijayambigai Indra Kum Bharata Natyam (Kal Kuchipudi in London. Kumar On 027721324
AMERICAN ENGINEERS
An American engine seriously injured b Security forces on heart of Colombo. )
an employee of the
engineering consult ing from the Katul ter helping his wife London. As he was through the Fort ir came the victim of military.
Military truck
A foreign lady Flanagan's aid saw drive up, stop and t out inquiring or mak offer assistance. It is mot for the presence at the scene of the si ity forces might hav the "Tamil Tigers'
In a statement, th that Mr Flanagan injured and had be for urgent operative ably he would lose need extensive plas face.
Meanwhile, the US manded a full inv incident by the Sri ment.
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er was shot at and y the Sri Lankan May 23, in the Mathew Flanagan, California-based ancy, WaS returnhayake Airport afto board a plane to s finding his way Colombo, he bethe trigger-happy
who came to Mr a military truck hen drive Off Withing any attempt to s speculated that if of this foreign lady hooting, the secure put the blame on for the attack. e company Stated was very badly en flown the USA treatment; probhis right eye and tic surgery om his
S embassy has deestigation of the Lankan govern
JUNE 1985
RUNS OF INDIAN CITY FOUND UNDER SEA
Divers searching the Arabian Sea bed near Dwarka, one of the seven great Hindu pilgrimage sites, believe they have found remains of the original site of Dwarka, legendary capital of the Hindu god Krishna, according to newspaper reports.
EarthenWare
Earthenware and other artifacts that can be attributed to Dwarka have been found off the coast of Gujarat state in western India, newspapers said. They said archaeologists believe ancient Dwarka was established about 1500 B.C. but was submerged by the rising Arabian Sea in the following 200 years.
Dr S.R. Rao, leader of the team of divers and scientists, was quoted as saying that discovery of the city seal, depicting a bull, a unicorn and a goat, established a link between Dwarka and the Middle East.
TAMIL COURSE FOR AMUSLIMS
Mr Haleem Ishak, the Sri Lanka Free dom Party MP for Colombo Centra. has requested that Tamil-oriented courses should be established in the University of Colombo from 1985 to enable Muslim students to continue their studies.
Mir Ishak, in a letter addressed t President Jayawardene, has stateo that students belonging to the Muslim community were unable to continue their university education in northern Jaffna due to the prevailing tense situation there.
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Page 23
JUNE 1985
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Page 24
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