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The Bhutan Talks....... 1,3,4 & 7 Editorial και τις αιτιατι ταινιγια 2 Why Rajiv Gandhi's AIK Solution is LWOrkable.................. 5
Refusal of asylum to Tamil refugee quashed.............. 6
f(
The MaSS a Cre
before Ceasefire........................ 7 HrtéI irJaffra 8 Vavuniya ......... 7 Trinco deal fizzles Out: ... B Mathew's Myths exploded 9 Tamil Refugees in W. Europe.... 10 What others Say.............. 岛 ...... 11 Sri Lak - the Federal Alternative τα ιται 12, 1 3. Letters to the Editor................ 1 4 Tails are under threat 15,
Tai Tra Wai5Sukhran's Diary ա...................16, 17 A True scholar.......... 18.
OLJOtable Quotes ... 19
Prof. E.F.C. Ludowyk: obituary. 20
Wiews Expressed by contributors are not "|"
reciosgariy hirogle of the edildir Jr the publishears. The publishers assumero responsibility for
returnoursuicided Tianuscripts, photographs
Tityrk.
Primited By ASTIOor Lilho (ITU) Ltd, 21-22 Arkwright Road, Runcorn, Cheshire,
BEF
OElly a COIngenita. expected a succ the talks held at Himalayan king tweel the Sri La legation and the 1 Tamil militant g United Liberatio talks, which last Welte deadlockt agreelt meet
BLlt What is si talks in fact took Weeks earlier, t Lanka and the g National Security II Ludali, had WCOWE SL With L1l TIlli They were conf wictory over the
The Anura dhal 14) in which ove lians died, creat among p[]litical H gantly Lonfident cles. The initials a Oulting Waw inability of the g the security situ: tions of the Budd Mahala yake (Bis chapter, while dėl for the clergy () called upon the g. assistance of the ald commence it including the Ta The hither top opposition seized 11 Olult an anti-g alıd the STil Liq]] (SLFP) if til f. Mrs S. Baldaran On the bandwago. vocal Buddhist
Bes ieged & des Po Tesident Jaya" besieged and des What to do, he LE In artial law and , til tro delegate Mրողի ըր: ՈT Pցր||
 
 

65p
JULY 1985
THE BHUTAN TALKS
ORIER AF TITEAR
| Coptilist would hawe essful outCorne from Thimpu in the tiny dom of Bhutan benkan government de"epresentatives of the roups and the Tamil FTtTILF). The ed from July 8 to 12, 2d but the parties agai (). Algust 12, gnificant is that the place. For, Olly a few he President of Sri arrulous Minister of , Mr Lalith Athulathld that they would not | "te Trobrists" for talks, ident of a l' milita "y" Tallilitats. pura Ilhassacre (May r" | 15), Silla lese ci Wied a shock reaction nd the hitherto arroBuddhist cleTical cirhock was followed by e of criticis II of the OWel'Inlet to hardle tion. Influential sechist clergy led by the hop) of the Asgiriya Ilanding a direct role In security | |latters. )wern Illel to seek the * Indian government alks with the Tamils, mil , militant groups, olitically dormant the opportunity to vernment campaign Inka Freedom Party ler Prile Ministcer, aike, sought to jump n of the increasingly lergy,
perate
Wardene for once felt perate. Not knowing lreatened to declare announced his intenexecutive powers to alt T | Ti ||
people, Illartial law. Would have meant no difference for they had been living under a de facto martial law regime in the northern and eastern provinces during the previous 18 months. But the President's proposals sent shock waves amongst the opposition parties in the South.
It was in this background that Rajiv Gandhiin viited President Jayawardene Lo New Delhi. From February, India had been attempting to persuade the government of Sri Lanka to commence direct talks with the Tamil militant groups. Details of what transpired at the summit between Rajiv and Jayawardene on June 2 were not released but the joint communique issued after the summit recognised the I need foT a de-escalation of tension and violence with a view to creating an atmosphere conducive to negotiations, From What transpired later, it became clear that Jayawardene had expressed agreement to an Indian proposal for a ceasefire between the Tamil militant groups and the Sri Lankan security forces, On the other hand, Rajiv was to “influence" the Tamil militants to Consent to a ceasefi Te * and subsequent talks. In turn, Jayawardene was willing to submit proposals for substantial deWolution of power to the Tamils,
Although it was not apparent im11 ediately following the summit be tWeen Rajiv, and Jaya Wardene, it is now ob Wious that India had agTeed to openly adopt certain positions in regard to the Tamil question. These positions became clearer as Weeks passed when Rajiv declared that India did not support a separate state of Eelam in Sri Lanka and that, while India II would not accept any solution which compromised the liberty of Sri Lankan Tamils, it did not expect the Tamilare:S to be given pWers mDre tham What HT1=Indiam State p0ssessed The latest speech made by Rajiv in Madras on July 16 makes this position of India quite una nbiguous.
CONTINUED ON PAGE 3

Page 2
2 TAMILTIMES
THE CRUC
The much-publicised talks at Thimpu in Bhutan between the delegates of the Sri Lankan government and those of the five Tamil militant groups and the TULF have been adjourned to be resumed neact month. It vould appear that the proposals put forward by the government team vere so inadequate, they were rejected outright by the Tamil delegates. Even a last-minute dash from New Delhi to Thimpu, by the Indian Foreign Minister, Romesh Bandhari, could mot break the deadlock. We are mot surprised.
If those at the helm in Sri Lanka are sincere and serious about a negotiated political solution to the ethnic conflict in that country, it is no good sendітg a teат of laиvyers aтd bureaucrats, houvever distinguished they may be, with predetermined and predefined parameters for 'devolution of power Or for setting up units of socalled grassroot democracy. That would be a wholly inα ρ ρη ο ρ για ίe α η ά υγο η g approach. The problem in Sri Lanka is not whether there is grassroot democracy or not. It is a crisis arising from the unresolved national question.
Before one can discuss constitutional arrangements or units of devolution, it is essential to diagnose the political disease by establishing certain facts.
The Tamils, including the Tamil-speaking Muslims, perceive themselves as an oppresSed people and this oppression has been carried out by Successive governments representing or purporting to represent the interests of the majority Sinhala cотитity. Атd thisperception ofорpressiот is тоt иvithout iustification. R
One million people working in the tea plantations were arbitrarily deprived of their nationality, citizenship and franchise, only because they were Tamils. The enactment of Sinhala as the sole official language of the country constituted a denial of equal linguis
tic rights of the people. The Ta. treated as a when ethnicity rion for discrim ment to em p admission to advатсеd lear the areas of the of the country Tamils predor were subjected tory treatment i deprived of pro mic and indu ment. Most in policy атd prt aided colonisati all Tamil areas ( east by Sinhale, to итderтіте strength of the areas. The recen goverттетt to . in those areas тatiотиvide pop 75% Sinhalese minorities is de tended to dest national identit ime in Sri Lank be a governтет ple and that it h itself into a go. and for the Si Only became p when it recently and training f arms to the Sin Tamil areas.
That the forc order of the Sr failed to protect property during spread anti-Tan fact. That they i атd even partici mass murder a in dispute. That Sinhala army a is employed to commit atrociti mass of the Ta' beет и)ell-docит pendent observe Sive government themselves as Sinhala-Buddhi. against those munities is als
ible. That too m
 

JULY
AL ISSUES
Tamil speaking mil people nuvere separate people became a critelinatory recruit)loyтеті атd institutions of тітg. Equally, north and east in which the ninantly lived to discriminain that they were jision for econostrial developportantly, the Ictice of Stateion of traditionof the north and se uvas designed the numerical Tamils in those it attempt by the settle Sinhalese to reflect the ulation ratio of to 25% Other monstrably inroy the Tamil y. That the rega had ceased to t of all the peoad transformed жеттетt of, by nhala majority ublicly obvious I provided arms Or use of such halese living in
es of ‘lau) and i Lankan state Tamil lives and periods of wideтil violетсe is a in fact colluded pated in acts of ld arson is not an essentially (nd police force
terrorise and es against the mil people has ented by inders. That succesS have regarded
protectors of st interests as of other comO incontrovertany Sinhalese
people, if not all of them, have participated, permitted or tolerated repeated violence against Tamils and their property is also a sad fact.
In short, the Tamils are an oppressed people and that орpressiот has beет ретреtrated in the name of the Sinhala people, who, by and large. have supported the policies of such oppression. It is in the conteact of this national oppression, the Tamil people began to assert their status as a nation and their struggle for national self-determination commenced. If the Tamil people are noc asked to abdicate their right to тational self-deter тітatiот through the establishment of a separate state of their oит, атd a solution is sought within the territorial boundaries of a single Sri Lankam state, then it is imperative that certain principles and rights are recognised ата accepted as aatiотatic and they be constitutionally entrenched and implemented in dayto-day practice. ܗܝ
Firstly, the notion that Sri Lanka is a Sinhala-Buddhist country must give way to the recognition that it is a country
of three distinct nationalities,
although speaking two languages - the Sinhalese, the Tamils and the Muslims.
Secondly, the basic rights of these nationalities shall be regarded as inalienable and inviolate.
Thirdly, the secular character of the Sri Lankan state must be guaranteed by the equal treatment of all religions.
Fourthly, the fact that the Sinhala people have lived predominantly and traditionally in the seven provinces other than the north and east, must be recognised. Equally, the fact that the Tamil speaking people. including the Muslims, have lived in the northern and eastern provinces must also be accepted. The inevitable corollary to this recognition is that mo organised attempt by uvay of transfer of population for what

Page 3
JULY i985
FROM PAGE 1.
Peace formula
The ceasefire which came into operation on June 18 was part of an elaborately worked out formula drawn up by New Delhi. To what extent Colombo was involved in drawing up this "peace formula is uncertain. But what became obvious was that the Tamil militant groups were faced with a fait accompli presented by New Delhi. The militant groups had scored remarkable successes against the Sri Lankan Security forces in the immediately preceding period. Only a month earlier they had completely destroyed the biggest police headquarters in northern Jaffna and exacted heavy casualties from the security forces in other areas. While the armed
forces were indi non-combatant ci prisal, the milit direct hits even in be Sinhala heart situation in which have least wan Apparently, New choice.
A press release ( all Liberation F umbrella organis, militant groups, 'appreciating the the good offices of India and accept offered to us, ag] hostilities and to for a stipulated ti. congenial atmosph government of Sr
ever purpose be undertaken which o "vill have the effect of changing the demographic composition of these areas. This should be regarded as essential for the preservation and promotion of the national and cultural identities of the respective nationalities.
Fifthly, all the people settled in Sri Lanka and their offspring should be entitled to equal rights of nationality, citizenship and franchise.
Sixthly, the tuvo major lan. guages of the country, Sinhala and Tamil, should be declared тational languages. Татil should be made the language of administration in the northern ; and eastern, provinces and Sinhala as the language of administration in the other ''' seven provinces, provided, however, every person in Sri Lanka should have the right to use either Sinhala or Tamil to transact business with public institutions and receive a repl in that language.
An agreement upon these crucial issues is a pre-requisite for any lasting political solution. These are essentially matters for political decision and not those for lawyers or bureaucrats. Can those who wield political power in Sri' Lатка Sитот the теcessary courage, confidence and statesmanship to rise to the occasion and seize the opportunity to arrive at a political settlement? We shall wait and see.
s
CONGRA FOR I.C.J
The Internation of Jurists have enormous servic human rights un, Lau. In January received their uvere auvarded tu ted Wateller Pea normally given institution uvho
rendered valua the cause of pe Under the le veteran Secre Wicall MacDermc recognised Ur Non-Governme, tion, has a prou suing a relent against humar tions in various made the ICJ targetformalev governments. F. Sri Lankan de attended the UN Commission in gear, subjected vitriolic attack the indiscrimin cial Acilling of and gross ab rights by the Sr. tity forces.
We have no do advill not be daun, from puny men We congratula winning the Pree.

criminately killing ilian Tamills in reints were scoring areas considered to ands. This was a the militants would ed a oceasefire'. Delhi gave them no
f the Eelam Nationront (ENLF), an tion of four Tamil aid that the Front mediatory role and the Government of ng the assurances eed to suspend all observe a ceasefire me to help create a tere and to help the
Lanka to put for
TS
al Commission performed an 2 to the cause of der the Rule of / this year they reuard. They he much covetce Prize, a prize to a person or or which has ble service to ice. idership of its tary-General, it, the ICV as a ited Wations tal Organisad record of purless campaign rights violaStates. This has an inevitable plent attacks by or instance, the legation which Human Rights February this the ICV to a or highlighting ate eatra judiTamil civilians se of human Lankan secur
Abt that the IC/ fed by criticism in high places. te the ICV on Wateller Peace
TAM TIMES 3
ward a concrete package of proposals for our consideration between the 10th and 12th weeks of the ceasefire'.
Rajiv bails out Sri Lanka
The ceasefire could not have come at a better time for Sri Lanka. In fact it is being suggested that Sri Lanka man
oeuvred the announcement of the ceas
efire for June 18 for a more important reason. Finance Minister Ronni de Mel was to be in Paris on June 20 at a meeting of the Sri Lanka Aid Consortium which was to decide what Sri Lanka was going to receive in the forthcoming year. Last year, two factors helped to convince the donor countries and the World Bank to give continued financial support for Sri Lanka. The unexpected boom in tea prices mainly due to a cut in export of tea by India enabled Sri Lanka to show a balance of payment surplus of over 200 million dollars. More importantly, the All Party Conference was still in progress in July 1984 and Ronni de Mel promised a political solution which would restore political and economic stability in the country.
This time round, with tea prices tumbling and the defence spending rising to Rs.7 billion from Rs1 billion, pledges of official aid were vital with over half the overall budget deficit being foreign financed and ratio of commercial borrowing and debt servicing rising fast. The ceasefire, already operative when de Mel made his pitch, was Sri Lanka's only hope of convincing the sceptical donors of the need for continued aid', ("India Today', 15,7,85). In the event the Aid Consortium agreed to grant Sri Lanka 860 million dollars.
India and Rajiv had bailed out Jayawardene at his most vulnerable. India, the 'Big Bully' only a few months earlier, was now being hailed as the "Big Brother even by those whose political sustenance depended om nourishment from habitual antiIndian xenophobia.
The four phases
The 'peace formula sponsored by New Delhi envisaged four phases of implementation. It provided for a specific time frame for de-escalation of violence, secret talks and eventual political settlement:
Phase 1 would last for three weeks from June 18, the date the plan began to take effect. It would involve certain major steps on the side of the Sri Lankan government - lifting the restrictive legislation on road and vehicle movement and suspending enforcement of the prohibited zone, suspending the new settlements in the Tamil areas, carrying out cordon and
PLEASE TURN OVER

Page 4
4 TAMIL TIMES
FROM PREVIOUS PAGE search operations only in the pri's fice of local officials and magistrates, and lifting the surveillance one. The reciprocal steps for this phase by the Iilitants would include ending the use of the prohibited zone as a staging area for carrying men and Illiterial. CEasing Attacks on civilia ilis all di Oil go W(*ʼr"rırmı ("Iıt office5;, eCon) mi(! tä.Tge45 and private property, and stopping the induction of meil and II laterial from outside the island.
Prise II. which would als las three weeks, would Ilean the security forces suspending (Lirfiews and also raids and searchest on their part, the militats Wu Lill Cease täcks ] Cilvoys of Security Furces and stop mining roads, railways and bridges and carrying a TITs.
Pflife III Would last two Weeks. This would men a full-fledged (:eas:- fire on hoth sides - the major feature of this phase would be the declaration of amnesty and the release from ("LISlody of all against whorl charges had In tot heen filed, (Successful discussions would bring the release of those against whom charges have been
ld.
Phase IV provided for secret talks or substantial issues for reaching a political settlement to take place be. twer:Ii the emissaries of the guvernInnent and Tepresentatives || If the Tamil political leadership and Tamil hilita grups. The vene f these talks could be a third country acceptable to hoth sides. Every effort should he de LH nå iritain the Serey Of these talks and in any case, of the COLITse of the discussions. The Search for a solid fundation for a political solution IIIust be complete Within three Inths from the date of the ceasefire, Depending on the result of these secret talks, open and direct dialogue between the government and the representatives of the Tamils can C: Omn Thetice, as son as the neCessary groundwork is considered to have
laid. It would be apparent that 'secret talks on Substantive issues for reaching a political settlement should take place only during the Phase IW stage, that is stille eight Weeks after lhe ceasefire came into opcration - Jung 18 änd äft-T än äImIEsly läd beeIl Earll (LII) (2d.
Phases telescoped
As it turned out, the time schedule and the steps to be taken by the parties on a progressive phase by phase basis were not followed. The fixing of the Thit Ilpu talks for July 8 amb un tid to a telescoping of the whole process of de-escalation and negotiation covered by all our phases. The Treas 15 f"Ti this breach of the agreed formula have not bel IIlade clea'. HOWe Wel, it is Obvious that New Delhi and Colombo had :oe to SC) 11E2 u 1dersti Indi Ing CJII this In alter without prior consultation with the Tamil militant grup5.
LaL LLLLL LLLLLL LLLSLLLaL S LaaLaaaS
proposed peace col il BllLItal". The Te: that the Sri Lankan guilty of "sericus vir fire agree Ilerit. Inert added:
"Sri Lankal T H TITI til Lillig II lilila'y a tr and slaughtering it lii Ihs. It alleged th rior pre wailedl irii Tri ticaloa districts a police commandos light raids, pluricle assaulting Tamils - Wouths had hieden M LIITLII] kiel : Il MILI LI Heidios bLIIII III er
Representations by the Tamil grou get the til ks post pli :::::::sfLLI. TIL TULF
tiks ENILF als constelt th:2 " 'ils fir!". appear to have "W groups into line foll
Every III owe by N its determination te of expectation of , through a tillely discussiu Els before ident shattired th cease fire. Througl NWT ) Hii WWE. S to dictible behävityLIT regille Which halt prøved its vulner Simhala-Buddhist p pressure. Before itself up, India W hoped that someth Ires Lil White Lille S In helt and Tamil de face at Thimpur
Whatever Illa y h
and intentions of ment. it was clear very little: preg TL-2: ThiInpu.
Hotbed of intrigu
"I'll Sri Larık:11 lawyer's and bure: Lble FIESilett's J Jaya wartlerle, did || politican of stand singl Minister of regi IIle W(Lill hlav" | stick his neck out. bec Illi E. htbed ). ter-intrigue ill whi tendel's to the th President, Prille M 33: [ıd Natiqlal Ste:Lil lath muda li, are poli such a 1: Innel 5 ( : selves in the strug:
Negotiations for would illevitably

lference to be held Son they ga WE WF15
Tmed forces Wert liitill: Uf the Cea STHE ENLF stilt
el forces, Were CC) flcities by ha rassing 1110 cc'ıt Tırtıll Civ'i- Lt Leisi all telincorales and Bats army, naty and : ITT ie b Li t II ilring Tamil houses, and raping WO 1111. ki || C. i 1 MILIT. II lis tei ase identify," m1:(la: t( NeʼW I) gilhi ps in an atternpt to ned proyecl Ull5UC" ala Illi PİLOT a greed all in the vint the cod. A; il the '5 . Í New Delhi would Filipped the Tamil the Thimpu talks. New Delhi indicated 1 keep up the te IT1px) a political solution colllllel cellent of 80IIIe un to Wa Tcd inshaky : 1d fragile 1 past experience, aware of the limpre' of Jaya Walde he's ile a l d time again ability to hardline Colitical :: Il cleTical this pressure built anted action a Tld it ing positive would ri Lanka El gO Wernlegates met face tot 1 July 8.
we been the hopes the India Ti goverT1from the start that is was possible at
e
team, comp(sed of Licrats headed by rother. Mr. Hector lutinclude Cven Orle ing. Not that any the Jayawardelle e been prepared to The ruling party his filltrigue: :ard (20 Lillch, the leading preTone of the aging linister Preladas rity Milister Athuaying their parts in 5 Titt. El LTL Lille IIIgle for succession.
til ethnic': 'Conflict IL1 a 1 ('JIl Cedilig to
JULY 1985
the Tallils certain rights Which they a l’o pTc8 ontly d{pTi''{ d (11 : 11d Il Sinhaltose pụlịLiciall ill Sri LặIlk H. Wh[] waits to be at the top Would bargain to do that for fear of being in mediately LLtLLL LLLL LLLaLLLLL LLLL C LLLLLL a LLaaL LLLLL LLaaLS LLLLLLaL LLLL LLSLLLLLSLLLL LLaaLLL composed therefore of all President's mel, als) in Ludel MIT. G. W.P. S: I11: Tsilghe, known for his dislike of Commulists. Tamils and Indians", and wha) had always favoured si military stilutil.
If ever there was a take-ower by the military in Sri Lanka, the inevitable choice: f : hıçkıl te give it : Civilial LLLLLLLL Haaa LL L LLL S LLLLLLLLSS asing he who presently enjoys the twin positions of being the Presidential Secretary and Cabinet SectIteta Ty". There was little possibility that there would have been a rational aproach to the Tamil problem with him playing an important role in the Sri Lankan le: III.
Except for the TULF which fielded it.5 PTesident LIld Secretary-General, thЕ Тап ili Ililita Ill group 5 sell a 'iuliar team" for the talks, which repartedly lasted fur hur's each cl:ly fru III July 8 to 12.
Although the talks Were meant to be secret and without preconditions, the LLLLLL LLLL LLLCCLLLLL LL L LLa LLLHHLH through the media to what extent he was prepared to go.
* Jy Wardele e il phasised tha hıis pTpot) sal did not en visag any link het Ween Elste TIl PTI will: Eald Norther The Pr' (J. Wi:Indre, the two pl') with ces Tamils in Sri Lanka describe as their tTiditional homeland. He furth (T eII phasised that he would lot agree to it even now. However, he said that ImıEtters such as provincial C) = 3rdir1 = til cuilcils" filh'iä l p}{NYA'ers theit Lontrol of administrative Services including the police and such other issues Were I le gotiable" ("Far Easte III ELOILIlliL. R2 WBW“, „si,85),
Old proposals in new trappings
By agreeing to go to Bhutan, voluntarily Cor Catherwise. it was apparent that the Tallil groups had in fact come down from their previous non-negotiable demand for in independent sy weTeign state of Eela II. (Jile would have expected the Sri Lankan government, if it was Scrious and sin CCT, t } seize the (apportunity by Offering 50IIlething substantial to the Tamils to match Such a clip11hdown On the part (of the IllilitäIlt 5. Ilstead, the Sri LälkäIl team Elad put forward proposals which Went m0 further tham th050 plaçgd last yer befo Te the ill-fated All Party Conference. Without confronting the underlying issues for the cthnic con
II, EASE TURN TO PAGE

Page 5
JULY 1985
WHY RAJIV GAZ FOR SRI LANKA / THE ALT
Professor A. Je
Mr Rajiv Gandhi has declared that the Tamils should not expect a separate state or a federal state but something like India has. India can be transformed into a unitary state in times of crisis. This means the imposition of the authority of the central government. An internal crisis can always be manufactured and Sri Lanka's Sinhala Buddhist governments can always be depended on to do anything and everything against Tamil interests. Asok Chanda, a former Comptroller and Auditor-General of India stated in his 'Federalism of India' (London, George Allen and Unwin, 1965), that India is not a federal state. In the final analysis, it is a unitary state in concept and operation . . . (p. 124). Given the past history of Sinhala-Tamil relations and recent events, there is little purpose even in conceiving of an Indian-style remedy for the Tamils of Sri Lanka. In the case of India, a long history of liberal traditions has been maintained in working parliamentary processes. The independence of the judiciary has always been upheld and respected in India.
The features in the Indian system that operate in favour of a centralised unitary State are:
(1) the Parliament of India can alter the boundaries of states or abolish a state by the Ordinary process of legislation. There is no requirement that such a drastic change should be passed in the way that an amendment to the Indian constitution must be enacted, (2) when an emergency is proclaimed, the Indian Parliament can make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India with respect to
any of the matters enumerated in the
State List’ (Article 250).
(3) under Article 357 of the Indian constitution, the President of India, when advised by the governor of a state, who is in fact the representative of the central government, may assume all the executive functions of the state and declare the powers of the state legislature to be under the authority of the Indian Parliament.
(4) Article 256 of the Indian constitution empowers the central government to direct a state government to ensure compliance with laws made by the Parliament of India and if the State government does not comply, the President of India can declare a State of emergency and assume the powers of
the state governn (5) finally, India the Rajya Sabha, C pass a law by a indicating that it i: dient that the Ind make laws for a t any subject on wł constitutional righ Sri Lanka Second ( have a majority o and can be depen Such laws at the Buddhist governm
The fact of the that successive I have acknowledge and experts on the Such as Paul App Administration in Survey (New De India, Cabinet Sec remarked that the is dependent on thi for the administ programmeS, Fr( port”, there has el of *co-operative fel known scholar on fessor W. H. Morri ernment and Poli dom, Hutchinson, 1 the prevalence of gaining' in the In
Duty to caution
It then become: Lanka's Tamil lea Gandhi and his adv that are in the pa Tamils if they ac system. Soon, eve: underwrite the monitor the workin Sinhala Buddhist more often than no ment in the breach Lanka's bureauc oriented, its poli Sinhala Buddhist-b pendence of the jud has had serious ini
What can be the that ail Sri Lanka federal system wi satisfactorily. This pects for an IndianSystem even dimme were imposed On S Mr Gandhi's gove short while have to

TAMILTIMES5
NDHIS SOLUTION S UN WORKABLE: ERNATIVE
varatnam Wilson
ent. 's second chamber, an under Article 249 wo-thirds majority necessary or expean Parliament can emporary period on ich a state has the ut to legislate. The hamber will always f Sinhala Buddhists ded upon to enact equest of a Sinhala ent. matter, however, is ndian governments d India's diversity Indian constitution leby in his Public India. Report of a hi, Government of retariat, 1953), have central government estate governments ration of national »m Appleby's "Remerged the concept deralism'. The wellIndian politics, Pros Jones in his Govtics of Indiaʼ (Lon966) has referred to È co-operative bardian system.
s the duty of Sri ders to caution Mr isers of the pitfalls ath of Sri Lanka’s cepted the Indian n if India were to arran gement and g of the system, the government will t honour the agreel. Unlike India, Sri racy is Sinhalatical leaders are ased and the indeiciary in Sri Lanka oads made into it. solution for the ills ’s body politic? A ll not be worked makes the pros-style quasi-federal 2r. If such a System ri Lanka's Tamils, rnment may in a intervene to settle
a grimmer and bloodier civil war. The only way out is a settlement based on Annexure 'C' in respect of territorial boundaries. In the relationship between the Sinhalese and Tamil states, there can be an agreement that currency and communications will be dealt with by the Colombo government. Foreign affairs and foreign policy can be conducted by mutually negotiated arrangements. This will mean a variation of Rene Levesque's plans for sovereignty-association between Quebec and the federal government in Ottawa in Canada. Since the President of Sri Lanka is concerned that the borders will encroach upon the Sinhala Buddhists, a "Congress of New Delhi comprising the states of South Asia and of ASEAN can guarantee the borders that were originally agreed to by President Jayawardene with the late Mrs Indira Gandhi in Annexure 'C' in 1983.
GOVERNMENT VIOLATES CEASEIFIRE
The government of Sri Lanka has been accused of unilaterally violating the “ceasefire' by establishing two new Commando Units in the Batticaloa area in the Eastern Province. These were set up during the first two weeks of July while the Sri Lankan delegation was meeting Tamil groups for 'peace talks at Thimpu in Bhutan.
Suspicions raised as to the sincerity of the government in seeking a negotiated political solution would appear to be confirmed by the establishment of these commando operation centres. The question that is being raised by observers is whether the government is using the 'ceasefire and 'peace talks as a means to gain time and strengthen and consolidate its armed presence in the Tamil areas.
Residents of the eastern province dread the presence of commandos in their midst because of the role the commandos played in the recent violence that rendered over 50,000 people homeless and hundreds of Tamils lost their lives. Evidence clearly establishes that the violence was instigated, organised and carried out by the com mandos trained by ex-SAS mercenaries.

Page 6
6 TAMILTIMES
EMIDSELECTIVERESTRICTIOMS
OM TAMMTI EWTEV”
Mr Michael Elliott, British European Member of Parliament (Labour), has tabled the following resolution before the European Parliament with a request for "topical and urgent' debate:
“The European Parliament, - Concerned at the plight of the Tamil refugees who are facing possible arrest, persecution, imprisonment and even execution if they are forced to return to Sri Lanka. - Noting that although many thousands of Tamils are currently seeking refugee status in European countries, less than 1,300 have entered Britain in May. - Notes with regret the recent decision of the British Government that all Tamils wishing to enter Britain must apply for a visa, a requirement it does not demand from any other Commonwealth citizen. - Notes with regret that the British Government has restricted to only 24 hours the time within which British
MPs can appeal ag. or removal of Sri II 1. Calls on EEC in respond sympatheti sent situation and status generously to questing it. 2. Condemns the act government as unju racially discriminat
3. Calls on the Briti rescind its new Visa all other selective r entry of Tamil refu 4. Calls on the EEC in political co-operat sentations to the Sr ment with a view ! tolerant attitude to t in Sri Lanka.
5. Instructs its Pre: this resolution to the ters, to the Governn tain and of all oth States, and to the Sl ment.”
REFUSAL OF ASYLUMM TO TA REFUGEECUASHED BY JUD
A High Court judge recently accused the Home Office of using artificial and inhuman criteria in dealing with applications for political asylum from Tamils fleeing communal violence in Sri Lanka.
Mr Justice Taylor, quashing a ministerial decision to refuse asylum, to a Tamil aged 34, whose identity was withheld for fear of reprisals to his family in Sri Lanka, said it was a startling proposition that the applicant could not qualify for asylum if he and his family had not been singled out for persecution.
The judgement effectively undermines the Home Office policy of granting political asylum only in the most exceptional cases to fleeing Tamils, and was welcomed by the British Refugee Council and bodies who have
been pressing for Ta temporary refugee Mr David Waddi State at the Home all applications Wer oughly and sympath was required to jus lum than the fact th Tamil and that the unrest against the The man appealing had not been invol singled out for har
Unchallenged e
The judge said tha contrary to umcha that the man and hi beaten up and threa and his family’s hou, been attacked and
U.S. ACCUSED OF DENY
The US Committee for Refugees has accused the US government of "systematically turning down the applications of Sri Lankan Tamils for asylum in the country. The Committee is a public information organisation.
In a report on ethnic violence in Sri Lanka, the Committee said the USA had also declined to provide “extended Voluntary departure' for Sri Lankans, a policy at present inforce for Afghan, Polish, Ethiopian and Ugandan nation
als. Under the policy al is allowed to rem the USA until the siti country permits his immigration official mittee's charges.
“Not necessary
An official spoke extended voluntary had not been involve because it was mot

ainst deportations
ankan Tamils.
member states to cally to the preto grant refugee , those Tamils re
ions of the British st, inhumane and ory.
.sh government to requirements and estrictions on the gees.
ministers meeting ion to make reprei Lankan Governto urging a more he Tamil minority
sident to forward Council of Minisment of Great Brier EEC Member ri Lankan govern
AMMIL "GE
mils to be granted status. ngton, Minister of Office, stated that e considered thorletically, but more tify granting asyat the man Was a re had been civil Tamil community. to the High Court ved in politics or a SS ment.
vidence
it the decision was llenged evidence s father had been atened with death se in Colombo had looted by a mob
JULY 1985
BRITTISIAID TO TAMILS
A new organisation calling itself “British Aid to Tamils' was launched at a public meeting at Camden Town Hall on 14 June 1985. Many representatives of Afro-Caribbean, Asian and Labour organisations attended. Community leaders and Members of Parliament including Stuart Holland and Jeremy Corbyn spoke at the meeting.
A letter from the president of the Overseas Indian Association in Britain to David Waddington MP calling for his resignation for his treatment of the Tamil refugees seeking asylum in this country was read out and the meeting agreed unanimously to endorse it.
BATT will campaign for:
1. No deportation of Sri Lankan Tamils; 2. No aid to the Sri Lankan government while they continue a policy of repression against the Tamils and the Labour movement of that country; 3. Proper recognition by the British government of the Tamils as poli tical refugees. A further meeting is being planned in the House of Commons where the question of a national demonstration involving the Labour, Trade Union and community organisations will be discussed.
during riots in July 1983.
“It can be of little comfort to a Tamil family to know they are being persecuted as Tamils rather than as individuals, the judge said.
The British Refugee Council said that Britain had taken many fewer fleeing Tamils than other Western European countries which had no historical links with Sri Lanka. In West Germany, between 15,000 and 20,000 were waiting decisions on applications for asylum; in France there were an estimated 19,000, 3,500 in the Netherlands and 2,500 in Switzerland. Fewer than 2,500 Tamils have arrived in Britain in the past 18 months.
NG ASYLUMTO TAMILS
7, a foreign nationain temporarily in uation in the home s safe return. US S denied the Com
swoman said the
departure policy ed for Sri Lankans considered neces
sary at this stage. There was an influx of Sri Lankan Tamils into the USA and “we are considering applications for asylum on a case by case basis'.
The immigration authorities had about 52 applications to review, nearly all received last year. No applications were received in 1983. "We are watching the situation in Sri Lanka very carefully and are obviously very concerned.”
She said she was aware that some

Page 7
JULY 1985
THE MAssACREB
The Sri-Lankan state-controlled news media proclaimed a big successful “commando operation' in Smashing up a base of Tamil militants at Athimoddai in Mannar on June 14. “ARMY'S BIGGEST ATTACK 'ON LTTE CAMP and "COMMANDOS DESCRIBE HOW TERRORIST CAMPS WERE DESTROYED were tWO of the banner headlines in the ISLAND on two successive days, 17 and 18 June. The ISLAND of 18 June 1985, spun out its version of the commando operation based on “intellegence sources”.
“A Major in the Commando Battalion attached to Northern Command Headquarters planned the offensive . . .
After the plan had been placed before the strike force, they set forth into the jungle with sufficient food and ammunition to last Several days. They trekked the difficult jungle terrain for nearly 72 hours and reached the vicinity of the first camp on the third day. "The time vas 11.15 a, m. On Saturday on June 15. For the first time they saw a camp of the terrorists at a distance. The terrorists had slaughtered a stag and were preparing for their noon meal. The task force delayed their attack until the enemy had finished their meal. The attack commenced at 12.05 pm and lasted only 20 minutes.
The sudden attack right round the camp with automatic weapons and
powerful hand gr rorists by surpris life. Six terrorist others were serio battle. However, C the jungle taking with them . . .
“Their next targe Some miles away Second camp bel Uma Maheswarar “This attack was the terrorists did back. Several ter] the jungle but 1 instantaneous dea' useful documents the camp had bee Commandos. Seve the terrorists als troyed.
“These attacks mended by the Minister Mr Lalith exemplary and a major defeat to til
What really hap
The 'successful the Minister comm dos was nothing bu massacre of innoc and the story pu media was a deli conceal this Slaug ried out just day
HARTAL
Protest demonstrations, closure of shops, government offices and businesses, and boycott of schools were staged in the northern Tamil towns of Jaffna and Vavuniya on July 8. People were protesting against the repressive measures of the government, the atrocities committed by the security forces and the “ceasefire' announced by the government which the people feared might result in the “sell-out' of the Tamil cause.
People, women and children included, estimated to be in their
applications were turned down. But these applications were from Sri Lankans who had already been living in third countries before seeking asylum in the USA. She pointed out that by using the appeal procedures, any Sri Lankan facing deportation could postpone his departure for up to a year. The Committee for Refugees maintained that the Tamils denied asylum in the USA and other Western countries should not be deported against their will as long as communal violence continued in Sri Lanka.
INJAFFNA
thousands, partici campaign which la Markets remained came to a grindin
FROM PAGE 4 flict between the t ties in the cou Jayawardene, an able lawyer, and meters of the br elaborated on the and functions an Pradeshya Man bodies in small ar. every Assistant G and their relations District Councils. presented as an ex of power and esta Sroot democrac country.
Not surprisingly the Tamil groups v by the cosmetic tr the old governme presented and reje minute visit of t Minister to Thimp

TAMILTIMES 7
EFORE “CEASEFIRE
'enades took the tere and they ran for s died and over 20 usly injured in the thers retreated into the injured along
et was another camp from the first. This onged to PLOT of
l.
also so sudden that mot attempt to fight rorists escaped into 2 others met with th. After recovering and other weapons, n set on fire by the ral vehicles used by so have been des
have been comNational Security 1 Athulathmudali as re considered as a he terrorists.'
pened
operation' which ended the commanit another gruesome ent Tamil civilians ut out through the berate invention to hter which was carS before the-called
ceasefire announced by the government.
Scores of Tamils, all civilians,died in this 'operation'.
Here's our report of what actually took place.
Some men in khaki uniform went into a remote village called Kokudiyan about two miles from Cheddiyar Kaddaiadampan, Mannar, on 14th June 1985 about 9 a.m. and took away 10 persons into the jungle and shot them.
Later in the day, the following were found dead with gunshot injuries.
Mahalingam Murugiah — 60 years, married; Kathiravel Tharmalingam -56 years, married; Murugappa - 44 years, married; Arumugam Rasu — 35 years, married; Murugiah Kanes - 37 years, married.
The bodies of four others were found only on 15th June as they had been taken separately to other areas. They Wee:
Mookan Navasdivayam - 23 years, married; S. Ponnusamy - 23 years, not married; S. Thankarasa - 17 years, not married; K. Ramasamy - 20, not married.
Three more people were shot dead and burnt on 14th June at Adampanthalvu, near Vattakandal. They were: S. Alexander - father of 9 children; S. Arokiam - father of 2 children; S. Anthony - father of 6 children.
AND VAVUNIYA
pated in the protest sted several hours.
shut and transport g halt.
wo major communintry, Mr Hector experienced and bound by the paraef handed to him,
division of powers nong the proposed dalayas (elected eas presently under overnment Agent), hip to the proposed The proposals were ercise in devolution ablishment of grasy for the whole
, and as expected, vere not enamoured appings with which nt proposals were cted them. The last he Indian Foreign u on hearing of the
The enthusiasm and fighting spirit displayed by the participants and the support given by the general mass of the Tamil people surprised observers.
deadlock did not change the situation. However, total breakdown was averted. The ENLF said: "We will not walk out of the talks, we outrightly reject the proposals since they did not even remotely meet the aspirations of Our people.'
Any pretence of the secrecy of the talks seems to have been abandoned after the conclusion of the talks on July 12 when the parties agreed to resume talks on August 12. The 'Hindu' of July 13 carried a relatively detailed account of the talks while the contents of the report submitted to the Cabinet by Mr Hector Jayawardene had somehow found its way to the press, local and international.
Judging from the tone and tenor of Rajiv's speech in Madras on July 16, one can be certain that by the time the parties meet again on August 12, India would have played a big behind-theScene role.

Page 8
8 TAMIL TIMES
TRINCODEAL FIZZLES OUT
The contract for the "oil tank farm at Trincomalee in east Sri Lanka fizzled out when the dummy firms fronting for the US Navy did not complete the required legal formalities by June 30. This was the second occasion that the contract, awarded by the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation, for this project fell through as a result of strong protest, both at home and abroad, that the deal was not a genuine commercial one but a cover for providing the US Sixth Fleet with re-fuelling and storage facilities at Trincomalee.
The first contract, awarded to the US firm Coastal Corporation, fell through when the firm's connections with the US Navy were exposed. The second deal, in which the two main promoters of the original Coastal temder formed separate new companies to join a tripartite consortium and tender under a new guise, was also exposed. It collapsed when the third party refused to go along with the questionable deal and the dummy companies fought each other. The government hoped that it could persuade the Reagan administration to increase its economic assistance to Sri Lanka in return for the "oil tank farm'.
President Jayawardene admitted this in an interview with a foreign journal. President Reagan and several of his aides publicly thanked the UNP government for the help given.
Cool
Later, the US cooled on the deal, when it obtained re-fuelling facilities for its navy in other Sri Lanka ports. The shift in US tactics towards India, which had opposed this Trincomalee exercise vigorously, after Rajiv Gandhi become Prime Minister also comtributed to this loss of interest.
The fizzling out of the Trincomalee deal will remove a major cause of friction between India and Sri Lanka, which the former correctly saw as a direct threat to her security.
If the government, as it now claims, wants to mend fences with India, whose co-operation in bringing about the ethnic ceasefire is highly praised, it should follow up by cancelling the lease given to VOA to set up its biggest radio transmitter station outside the USA.
Apart from being a powerful vehicle for subversion and ideological aggresSion against India and other countries of the region that follow an independent poliey in foreign and local affairs. India's official and unofficial spokes
men have said that the new VOA
transmitter station ( wise interfere with i telecommunication
Patriotic forces i those who want to S relations normalisec are intensifying th have the new VOA Acquired for VOA 1,000 acres for the run into legal Snarl. sorted out.
CONTRIEB BE PUNIS
Many civil servants employees have bee contributing towal National Defence F Sri Lankam governm Sector employees have been compelle to contribute to the 1 used for increased
Transferred Over
Over seventy tead contribute or c0m sums towards the fu Hakmana electorat ferred overnight to punishment. The M tion issued a circ teachers to donate monthly salaries. from trade unions requirement was donations were call voluntary basis. H transfer of teachers those who refuse to the government's at militarisation would
the authorities.
IKI
Homeguards in Sri I breed. They were hunting which is th hunting'. So long a their intended pur ment and the Sinhal, appeared to be well how many innoce killed.
Now people, eve wondering how to against these trig guards.
Recently, at Anura guard was arrested shooting dead a Si m a m m e a ir N O ch businessman, Ga)
travelling in a priv
 

an jam and otherts entire system of and signals.
in Sri Lanka and ee Indo-Sri Lanka and strengthened heir campaign to project stopped. by the SLBC, the project have also s that are still mot
UTE OR HED
, and state sector n penalised for not dis the so-called und Set up by the ment. Even private and businessmen ed under pressure fund which is to be militarisation.
night
hers who failed to tribute generous und in the Southern e have been trans
distant places as inistry of Educaular requiring all money from their Following protests , the compulsory
withdrawn, and ed for om a purely owever, the penal demonstrates that contribute towards tempt at increased incur the wrath of
JULY 1985
ARMSBUSINESS IS GOOD BUSNESS
In the period 1980 to 1984, the US sold about 46 billion US dollars' worth of arms to developing countries. This is revealed in a report to the US Congress by its research service on the sale of US arms to other countries.
The report also reveals that the US is the biggest supplier of arms to the Middle East and South Asia. Between 1981 and 1984, US arms sales and Supplies to Latin American countries increased five times.
Developing countries
In 1985, US arms sales to develop
ing countries amounted to 7.6 billion dollars.
Simultaneously, the 'New York Times' has estimated that, since 1975, the developing countries have spent about 236.8 billion dollars on buying military hardware from the USA.
The UN Arms Control and Disarmament Agency had calculated that arms sales to developing countries have gone up four times during 1971 and 1979.
In Africa, the poorest continent on this planet, military budgets have increased ten times in the past 20 years.
US arms sales to developing countries not merely rake in tremendous profits for the US arms manufacturers and dealers. They increase political instability and economic disequilibrium in the developing countries, promote tensions between them, and allow US imperialism and its TNCs better opportunities to penetrate these regions.
LLER HOMMIEGUARDS
anka are a special created for "Tiger he same as 'Tamil s they carried out pose, the governa ruling politicians Satisfied no matter ent Tamils were
n Sinhalese, are guard themselves ger-happy home
adhapura, a homeby the police for inhalese businessui y a g a m a . The mini Silva, was ate bus when the
homeguard boarded the vehicle and demanded to see his identity card. Mr Silva did not have his identity card in his possession and an argument ensued between the two, ending up with the homeguard shooting dead the businessman.
“Defending the motherland'
Had the victim been a Tamil, probably he would have been described as a terrorist and the homeguard given the treatment of a national hero defending his motherland. However, the victim being a Sinhalese, the homeguard was promptly taken into custody and a magisterial inquiry was held into the murder.

Page 9
JULY 1985
MATHEW'S MYTHS EXI
One of the ways in which ex-Cabinet Minister Mr Cyril Mathew sought to carry out his anti-Tamil propaganda was his much publicised allegation that Tamil professors and lecturers were favouring Tamil students to enter universities. He authored a book under the title 'Diabolical Conspiraicy in which he wrote about Illicit Entry into University' by Tamil students. He wrote, among other things, “. . . the important and serious question whether all the Tamil Medium students who entered the Medical, Engineering, Science and other Faculties did so by the good fortune of receiving improper excess marks comes compellingly into our minds. This is not only a burning question; it is also a question that painfully sears and violently explodes within the hearts of our
Sinhala students, parents and -
teachers.'
The university teachers belonging to the Tamil community demanded a commission to inquire into the Minister's allegation. But the government failed to respond and allowed the Minister to carry om his poisonous propaganda.
Now the Department of Education has "exploded a number of myths about examiner malpractices'. The Marga Institute recently conducted a seminar at which officials of the Education Department rejected the allegation of partiality or favouritism in the marking of the GCE 'A' level answer scripts.
According to the 'Daily News' (26th June), this is what the representations of the Education Department told the participants at the Seminar:
“The Examinations Department at a Marga Seminar last week exploded a number of myths about examiner malpractices, and said very careful checks have established that there is no community-biased cheating at the
sentatives of the that there is a lot places that Sinhal ers favour studer munities, “We’ve these allegations large number of T high marks in
was a cross-chec non-Tamil exam their lack of Tal mathematical w the marking corre tions that S favoured Sinhala to be totally until
Discriminating
Because the ch has had so much ment sent a spec officials to keep. examination ce however, encount sentment about teachers and off areas felt such minatory. The de was no reason f because similar i ried Out im Sinh department also that those setting times deliberatel give the advanta dates mediawise. Secretary to the Education and C. versity Grants ( very pertinent c examinations dep ject. “Why have y findings public, these myths est. The public must that will help the velop confidence
The departmen making such find it was bound by
POLICE ASSAULT SPARKS OF
Seventy-five thousand workers in the Talawakelle area staged a strike as a result of assault by police on five Tamil workers on Holyrood Estate. The reason for the assault was that the workers had had a quarrel with three other Sinhalese workers. Apparently, the Sinhalese workers had made complaint to the police. The police arrived on the estate on June 6th and brutally man-handled Jayamoorthy Sundararaj and three other Tamil workers. Thereafter, the workers had been pa
raded in a sem Streets of Talaw worker who ha seriously injured hospital.
Following this il ers in the Lindula, Hatton and Talaw work protesting a treatment of fel Ceylon Workers Lanka Jathika ES condemned the u
 
 

department agreed of loose talk in many a and Tamil examinits of their own comgone into it and find untrue. Last year, a amil students scored mathematics. There k of the marking by liners who, despite mil, could check the orking. They found ect. Similarly, allegain hala examiners students were found rue,’ officials Said.
large of favouritism surrency, the departial team of Sinhala tabs on some Tamil intres. The team, tered substantial rethe checking. Many icials in the Tamil checks were discripartment said there or Such resentment nspections were carala areas toO. The shot down a “theory
the questions somey make mistakes to ge to certain candiDr Stanley Kalpage, Ministry of Higher hairmam of the UniCommission, had a |uestion to ask the artment on the SubTou mot made these he asked. "Some of range communities. pe told the truth and communities to dein each other.' nt’S rea Son for mot ings public was that an oath of secrecy'.
FSTRIKE
-nude state in the akelle. Later, one d been previously was admitted to the
lcident, 75,000 workKotagala, Dickoya, akelle areas struck gainst the inhuman low workers. The Congress and the tate Workers Union nprovoked attacks.
TAMILTIMES 9
A TAM WOMAN ΤΟ BE OXFORD UNION
PRESIDENT
Jeya Wilson, a 23-year-old Tamil born in Sri Lanka and a naturalised citizen of New Zealand, has been elected to the much coveted post of President of the Oxford Union Debating Society for 1985-1986.
Jeya Wilson is the first married woman and the first New Zealand citizen to become President of the Oxford Union. It will only be the sixth time in its 162-year history that the Union will have a woman president.
She is a post-graduate studying for a doctoral thesis in International Relations at St Anthony's College in Oxford where also she holds the post of President of the student body. She is married to Dr Peter Utting, a research scientist. Jeya Wilson was educated in Sri Lanka, Britain and the United States.
She admitted that it had been an uphill struggle against four disadvantages: "I am black, married, a postgraduate and come from a small colledge, St Anthony's. Jeya Wilson intends to create greater involvement of women in the Union. "I think it is a very sexist place full of male chauvinists, one of the reasons that motivated me to stand. A mediocre woman is always handicapped here and you have to be twice as good to compete, she said.
KDNAPPED JOURNALIST
FREED
Cecil Wickremanayake, a reporter with the "Ceylon Daily News', who was kidnapped allegedly by members of a Tamil militant group said after his release that his abductors treated him like their own father'. The journalist was taken by the militants on June 27 and was held for a day on suspicion,

Page 10
1 O TAMILTIMES
TAMILREFUGEEs
During the past few months the nunber of Tails seeking refuge in West. Ern European Countrigs has increased dTamilitically. It lind has a hit 3,500 pers ürıs, Frarıca 10-15, Ü00. West Germary 11-15,000. Reciently, Britain las been receiving several hundred persoils each Week. In the meantitle... the Ilut 11ber of refugges in South India is aLLaLLLL S aa LaLHLLaa 00S aa S SLSS This would meal about 150,000 persons It of a Tamil population of about 1.8 11illion ilt-il ving (Jut the Tamili, of planita, tion areas ). Silice the se ĝi rice! mostly young men of the ages 15-35 it would mean a considerable proportion of the young males are leaving the North and East of Sri Lanka. To be youT1 g. Il a le FAnd Tamillis tO face serious problems in Sri Lanka, special|y in the North and East.
Why are they leaving?
They are fleeing because of the danger t} life il those regi bls. The HT: has beer the Scene of Illuc El violence d'Iring the pasty ear duo to the combat be Weel the fires of the state ind the militant separatist Tamil groups. There hil VC lice attacks and courteraltäLks ir wich huldreds h:1wL |st their lives. The armed forces, finding it difficult to engage the militant youth II CUIII bal Or even recognise: thëII). have bff and on attacked non-corn. ht: 1t civili. Il 5 cal I sing Several deaths. (Ille of the SLI" tegies of till state's defence forces is the cordoning :lind searching of the si spected a reas Willel all the y Julg II el in the ELTE:äl är: roi u mded up. These Illa we theti ta' prowe thı bir il:ı tity' :ırırdımlı-İrnı yolvement in military activity. There is also a strong appeal for youth to join the guerrilla militants as they feel frustrated with their defenceless situition, The imposition of the surveillance FICTICs has als made li se difficult for fallilies on the sea cast.
IMLLe to all these, the you thı Earıd 5pecially thiT parents, desire that they leave the are: in Order to saw their iWEES. This is the principal III olivati 1 of Tamil youth who leave Sri Lanka in this situation. These who cal come to Eurpe are, of Cours, persons who all firld the Ill (Iley for it, even selling what wer property they hawe, Bull they ETC! Ilt coming her primarily for eCall I Ilic reas oils. There wais Ib SLIh exodus to Europe in the past decades. (reven after the large-scale attackson the Tallis in the South in July 1983. Further, Western Europe does Ilot present prospects of such profitable emiployment low. Those who find jobs have to he content with low-paid ones. The availability if social service sub
Fey. Fr. Tf555. E
Si dies is a II HLLITHE: back home is what Çif Sri Larıka. Mia their schooling to Flvem in the si th1C Ligh there? Illas y LIII's [... Llif y'i lleilltir Tä Inil people the fear El Ild insecuri that tro) Lubie in the 5 pread oth a They find it diffi a L'OIII dati in Il take the SL T:1 II is can Comic ity. After July Tamils left for th :Ty I refugees, Mal sice hel, or Only ha WĖ r'et LLIT led le 1 the North.
АSri Lankaп ргс
This is primaril Sri Lank:LI is 13 rt: bility is ours. The äre principaly ol Solwe this poTCoble: T1 Country will be i 2cm 11 i cally, ps III O'älly.
Western Europe,
In this sad situat ing Lil West-IIn El bers, South India life in a refugee c la Inger of involven vities. The Weste tries : ITE: El la Tme different ways, i. close its doors to
I would like to su Se verall re: sols || Tesponse to this ("It'd manner by l. West-TT FEITO related to the ector Lanka, especially has influenced OLI Arld ConsequeInt pol may to Some ext aggravation of et I heels II 1 Te serial *. Wester"Il ELITLI do with the eI situti fSTi La countries during Our present probl liited to the legd to in the post-indepel the British are re. ing about one ml SJ LI tl III li th S1 coffee arid tera pl: plicatos : Sli Lank :

JULY 1985
NWESTERNEUROPE
ЗаJasшгїуа, О.М.І.
tion, but the danger
t is pLushing Lihle T1 ULI ny are interrupting ve their lives. Luth CỦf Sri Laik: been no maior Outsince July 1983, the "E liWE il C. El til Lil ty. They are a raid North II East may suicide I ILW) criti (Ill. :Lult to get jablı) : a ıldı the Slith. This cities th a place () which With a SES I SLE’’- 1983 about 100, CO E NJIrlı as teIII por= 1y klave Ilot returIhed I the Working people ing their families in
ble T1
y a problem for the salwę. The Teospor si:TiITE HId the shlı Tle li's. Wella We , LCD re| speedily or Els the TTetrievably 'Luined y" (Chiologically a[lıl
an Response?
i) El TallilS HI'E CÜIII rope in large Illumcan offer them only a III), With y el the Men til militant actirn European Colinat this il flux. III ich country trics to
the I. liggest tha Little'! - Te or a more helpful problem in a co' Wester I ELIType. pe has been closely lomic policies of Sri ir receI1 ll years. Il I' economic policies litical stances which 21 håve led ty the Ellic tensions. This 15 enquiry. pe h:15 had IThuch to | Illic: a1d political 1k,.ğH r1d qb theI" A"M.SilI 5e veral centuris, ern5 : Te parly Te+ 'Sly' s Luch issules clence period. Thus sponsible for bringillil Tils fr(II1 Iri Larika for 1 Eleiro Il til tills. "This com - l'8 g!llIll{' {{Ild lāIltl
Lise problems to a considerable extent, 3. OLIl lands. Cur products, ou l' Ilarkets and O LI r people as cheap labour. i T1 i CC- operators, ha we been av Hilable: to Western Europe for nearly five C:1.1 till l'108, The Dutch had much of Our lä Irld fra l' l-4 years from 1353-1793. The Portuguese were prior to that and the British from 1791-1948. All this was part of the European expansion in Asia. Africa and the AI hericas. Eurpean Capit:il Was built up i part by such enterprises.
4. Even today Europea companics benefit from our lands, our raw II late rials, Our markets, Lur cheap labolir — LLaL LLL LLLLLLaL LLLLL LaLLLCLL LLLLLGLLLLLLLLS 5. The European aid is meant to help the development of Uur infrastructure aid economic productio) Tı. Such aid will be of little a Will if titler'e is . L' Iltinuing Inass destruction in the coultry. Even the productive base is being affected. (Communications are disrupled. In West Imett discouraged MLu:E1 (uf the In:a tiOI1:ıl e[for"t i s (iiTeL:Le2d towards conflict and conflict resolutills. The economıy is by Lund to suffer SerioLIsly should such coriclitici 15 contirille,
ti. Sri Lankas present conflicts are leading to political alliances which can lead to greater involvement in international power groups, cf. the Israeli connection and its implications.
I äl recalling these because all these are relevant and related to our present crisis — thoughlı als secondary factCrS.
We have been open to Western Europeals for learly 500 years. We have been bled for their betterment. Now we have a difficulty, which I think is teTıpOTary. Hence it is Orıly fair and h Llanh that West: IT Europas should help out in this issue for some months, II. En y case the countries which can receive us III: Western Europe Hild those which Europeans have occupied du ring the last 500 years: the Americas, Australia and NCW Aealand.
Towards a solution
Though the ethmic problerıı iTı STİ Lanka is I w very acute, a resolution Of the problell is possible. This requires an agreement of political leaders to a sharing of power at the centre and in the provinces of the country. This can give the minority Tanil gTLI) A 1 Copportunity - LC) Tina Image theil" { } will :affi: i It's within a LlElited Sri Lanka. It can ensure them security of life and the opportunity to develop their own Hi, I'e'i:15, Way" of life. I: Ing LIEI get and Culture. It will give to the Iajority. Sinhala People a sense of security concern
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Page 11
JULY 1985
SLAUGHTER IN THE BUS
"It was the sort of atrocity that has become depressingly familiar in Lebanon. A bus crowded with civilians is stopped by gunmen, who order members of one religious group on to the road. The rest of the passengers, members of a different religious group, are forced to stay inside. Then the gunmen opened fire, spraying the bus with their automatic weapons. A moment later 17 innocent civilians are dead, 6 are wounded and another round of violence and reprisal has been set in motion.
Not Lebanon
“This time, however, the locale was not Lebanon. Nor were the victims Muslim or Christian. They were Hindu Tamils caught up last week in their own sectarian conflict - one raging nearly halfway round the world from Beirut in the once tranquil island nation of Sri Lanka' - “Newsweek', 17.6.85.
The incident occurred on June 3 in the northern Tamil village of Pankulam near Trincomalee. The victims were all Tamils and the assailants were Sri Lankan Police Commandos.
FROM PREVIOUS PAGE
ing the unity, integrity and independence of the country.
Such a solution can be greatly helped by the concerted effort of the Western European countries in conjunction with the USA, Canada and Japan who form the Sri Lanka aid group. These countries have enormous impact on Sri Lanka's policies and can bring considerable influence to bear on Our government and other political groups towards such an agreement. They can co-relate their efforts with those of the Indian Government in a mediating role.
Real solution
The real solution to the problem of refugees also lies in such a consensus on a devolution of political power within a united Sri Lanka. Then the vast majority of the present refugees can return to their homes without fear to their lives and help develop the country in peace and with justice to all.
We can all give a priority to such a peaceful solution which is the only humane way Out of the present impaSSe.
I w
A FORMIMI CHALLEN
The ethnic proble for nearly three inSensate switch to 1956.
Since then, five S governments had a do justice to the Ta them cared enou them - President ernment the most the high horse, thil people could be they did not mat continue to be tr CLASS CITIZENS birth. It needed the Of the gun to aw leadership - and SeS — to the rea present situation.
Courage and visi
Now that they except for the Sil Party leadership a the Maja Sangha funny noises — le that they would ha vision to meet th lenge of convertim cate truce into a pe they want their M ress and prosper.
Editorial, Satura
SINHALA JIN
Men like the schola whom Ceylon (Sri - whose jungles Wrote much about to leaving his cour he made up his Australia. Why? jingoism manifest every level of life. alienated and felt belong to the nev However, they did come a grievance
We see the effect, Only jingoism to dimensions. Oxfor the Sorbonne for C leaders (some of w involved in keepin place). The lean a educated graduate penury, while Em Vitality calls the t Shane Kole)

TAMILTIMES 1.1
HAT THE OTHERSSAY
DABLE TGE
m has been with us decades, since the SINHALA ONLY in
inhalese-dominated imple opportunity to .mil people, if any of gh. Instead, all of Jayawardene’s gov- had been riding nking that the Tamil trodden upon, that ter that they could eated as SECOND S in their land of power of the barrel aken the Sinhalese the Sinhalese maslity of Sri Lanka’s
O
have woken up — ri Lanka Freedom and some section of - who are making t us hope and pray lve the courage and e formidable chal!g the present deliirmanent peace - if Iotherland to prog
lay Review, 29.6.85
NGOISM
rly R. L. Brohier, to Lanka) was so dear he traversed and was at first averse try. But in the end mind to settle in Because Sinhala 2d itself crudely at The Burghers felt that they did not w order of things. not allow it to be
s of the 1956 Sinhala day in its fullest d, Cambridge and hildren of political thom were directly g the goviya in his nd hungry Sinhalaes almost near to glish by its sheer ԱՈe. meyer, The Island
(Colombo), 3.6.85
MYOPIC POLITICAL. MOVES
During the past half a dozen years this country (Sri Lanka) has been plunged into a growing clamour for separatism. The causes of this clamour are deep-rooted and varied. The past 29 or 30 years have witnessed the winds of change in a society that lived in peace, harmony and love for centuries. A society with deep religious aspirations, Superior culture and admirable sense of brotherhood respected not only the life of human beings but even of animals and refused to kill even a fly without a cause . .
Turbulent cauldron
Unfortunately, this country has been plunged into a turbulent cauldron of boiling oil during the past few decades due to myopic political moves. Those who ran for cheap popularity at the expense of nation's education, communication and religion have suffered the consequences that they really deSeİ*Ve.
-- Osmand P.J. Seneviratne, The Island: 3.7.85
TRIGGER-HAPPY ROM/DIES
Was it necessary for seven innocent people - many of them bus travellers - to be killed before the government faced up to its folly in creating socalled "Home Guards' from among its political Supporters, giving them guns, and entrusting them with security functions that should properly be exercised by the police or the armed services?
The seven deaths in different parts of the country (Sri Lanka) all tell a similar story. Power-drunk and trigger-happy rowdies, handpicked by UNP MPs from among their supporters, have self-importantly arrogated to themselves powers to stop, question and search innocent civilians and let off guns at them if dissatisfied with their response or the degree of respect that they feel due to them.
Asking the police to exercise better Supervision over thugs is no remedy. For the police, like everyone else, know that they have powerful patrons who can have them sacked or transferred to Jaffna. The whole Scheme must be abandoned, the issued guns recalled, and the Home Guards sent home.
Editorial, Forward, 1.7.85

Page 12
12 TAM TIMES
స్ట్రీ
It is easy to understand how the ethnic problem has got so bad', said Punchi Banda while we were walking back to his house. He was still thinking about the animated discussion we had left behind at the village 'Hotel and Bar'. A moonless night had fallen and I was more interested in following the narrow beam of torchlight and avoiding the crawling thing I worried would suddenly pop up and bite me. But what PB (as he preferred to be called) had to say was plain enough for me to underStand without much concentration.
"You know', 'how hospitably my family has treated you. Even though we did not know you we let you have the front room in our house. And you can stay there as long as you like to and see how we live in the village.' Quite overwhelmed by this statement II struggled to phrase an adequate reply. “No, no”, PB said impatiently, “I did not mean it like that. I was trying to illustra te my point a bout the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict. Now suppose you spent 6 months with us and no one thought anything odd about it. And then you suddenly demanded a part of the house, not only the room you are now in, but also the verandah, would that not be very wrong and unfair? 'I agreed it would. "This is exactly what the Tamils are trying to do to us', concluded PB gloomily, and then directed his torch at a creature that slithered by.
in the Shadow of the Mahavamsa
An analysis of PB's description of the ethnic problem offers illuminating insights into the Sinhalese psyche as it relates to the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict. In his example, PB ws clearly equating his house to Sri Lanka, his family to the Sinhalese and myself to the Tamils. Just as his family fully owned their house so did the Sinhalese own Sri Lanka. Just as I was an outsider who had barely spent a week in the village, so were the Tamil intruders into Sri Lanka. Students of Sinhalese history will recognise that PB was Speaking in the Mahavamsa idiom. PB's "house' example reflected that ancient Sinhalese chronicle's version of Sri Lanka's early history - an image of the island as the precious possession of the Sinhalese and the last refuge of Buddhism. In this view of the world, others were seen at best as Outsiders, and the Tamils in particular as intruders and enemies.
Thus, althoug. would, today, bas regional autonom the grounds of fea separation (a rea context of bitter se a further explanat the Mahavamsa m this reasoning, Sri try of the Sinha. country of the Ta. communities. Car. it implies the Tam to ask for, and no given, the power selves, in any degr Lanka.
Instead of accep psychological fa
Jehan
Sinhalese asked t they can fairly ex) munities to accept at their status in Sr ity communities ha of Sri Lanka and til their homeland to the right to live in just as the Sinhales do accept the Mah the Sinhalese can r loyalty - how can Sinhalese, expect
The Common inte
When the Sinha "District Councils a Tamil separatists 1 conflict in position seems unresolvab. mot exist in a vacu positions (for insta cils, Eelam, federa positions represe. terests (such as S ployment, educati other words, what are the interests, position as the wa interests.
Clearly, all peo same things. They tical interests. Mal an Eskimo huntin Pole are bound to those of a Germ Likewise, in Sri La the people living i identical to those i differences in thei much smaller tha positions might Sl
 

JULY 1985
Sri Lanka:
The Federal Alternative
1 most Sinhalese their opposition to y or federalism on r that it will lead to sonable fear in the cessionist violence), iom is to be found in entality. In terms of
Lanka is the counese; it is not the mils or of the other ried to this extreme ils have no business he whatsoever to be to govern themee in any part of Sri
ting this as a fixed it, it is time the
By
PererP
hemselves whether pect the other comthis way of looking i Lanka. The minorave their own vision heir place in it - as o, where they have peace with justice se do. In fact, if they lawamsa view, then lot expect their full
Sri Lanka, and the aliens to be loyal?
erests
lese leaders insist tmd mo more” and the respond “Eelam” the is or stances taken .e. But positions do um. People took up ince, District Counlism) because these nt certain key inocial security, eminal opportunity). In people really want and they see the ly to achieve those
ble do not want the
do not share idenhy of the interests of g seal in the North be different from an factory worker. nika, the interests of n the north are not n the south. But the interests are very in the gap in their ggest.
unuo
Due to historical reasons these different interests have manifested themiselves in the form of different political positions represented by the various political parties. These positions appear to be in fundamental coflict. But behind the facade, the interests which these positions are supposed to represent are not in basic conflict. So if we, Sinhalese and Tamils, can break away from the hostile positions we have taken and focus instead on our real interests we will find that our problems have viable solutions.
What are the common and overriding interests of the Sinhalese and Tamils? To live in security, with adequate employment, education and trade, to enjoy freedom and prosperity. But now the Sinhalese perceive all of this to be threatened by Tamil secession and eventual domination. So they insist District councils and no more'. The Tamils, on the other hand. view the present system of government as one in which these same interests are not protected and they in turn are dominated. Thus, the key to inding a peaceful solution is to find a means of reconciling the true interests of the Sinhalese and Tamils within a : united Sri Lanka.
The Tamil interest in unity
To reach this solution the Sinhalese will have to put away the Mahavamsa mentality. It may have been appropriate in the 6th century when in fact the Mahavamsa was written. It is not appropriate at the close of the 20th century. Likewise the Tamils will have to give up secessionist violence. Indeed, the Tamils do not have historical chronicles that show the Sinhalese as the traditional enemies of the Tamils. This explains in part why the Tamils consistently opposed separation from the colonial era right up to 1975.
They also opposed separation for more pragmatic reasons. First, because they see Sri Lanka as their home, and not India which would merely swallow them up in its vastness. Thus, many Tamils living in Colombo who in the aftermath of the 1983 riots left Sri Lanka intending to settle down permanently in India had returned to Sri Lanka. They had more in common with their Sinha lese friends in Colombo than with strangers in Madras.
A second reason is because the Tamils need the rest of Sri Lanka for their economic survival - markets for their perishable crops, employment

Page 13
JULY 1985
for their youth, and customers for their business. Separation was never in the interests of the Tamils, and is not now either. It is only the recent political and military developments threat have pushed them into taking up positions that they, for good reasons, rejected earlier.
A glimpse at recent histdory will make this clearer. When S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike who was to become Prime Minister in 1956 first proposed federalism in 1925, the Tamils together with the low-country Sinha le se opposed it. When the Federal Party was formed in the aftermath of the mass deprivation of the Estate (Indian) Tamils citizenship rights, the Tamils rejected federalism once again and thoroughly defeated the FP at the 1952 general elections. They did so because they considered their ties to the south as being of highest importance, both politically and economically.
It was only in 1956, when both major political parties, the UNP, SLFP opted for Sinhala-only language legislation that the Tamils finally turned
towards federalism. Even then, every
Tamil candidate who campaigned for separation lost his election deposit. After the riots of 1956 and 1958, the university admission crisis of the early 1970s and the adoption of the first Republican constitution in 1972 (which eliminated the guarantees given to minorities) the Tamils still rejected separatism.
Finally, in 1975, separatism was accepted by the major Tamil political parties which formed the TULF. Even then, at the 1977 elections, a majority
of Tamils voted for candidates who rejected separation. Most of those who
voted for the TULF voted for a party that championed Tamil rights and not for separation in itself. The demand for separation was then seen as a bargaining chip.
Towards a solution
At this time of grave danger and misery it is for the Sinhalese, the majority community in Sri Lanka who consequently have the largest stake in peace, to take the initiative in reaching a peaceful solution. The tried and tested principles of federal government offer the best chance. The Sinhalese have a right to obtain safeguards in respect of separation and foreign intervention, these can be
obtained by means ofwell-drafted con
stitutional provisions and foreign treaties. And it will be in the Tamils' interest to help the Sinhalese safeguard their interests and arrive at a fair solution that will bring peace and normalcy to the north, rather than continue without it.
To achieve this the elected repr Tamils, must also like manner. View context, the TULE separatist platforn undestandable. Bu a mistake of tragi meant a shift in dem o cratically accountable to th bands of armed y Ո0 016.
Attempted seces of a viable solut crisis. To the cont) years, it has mear which the bulk 0 been innocent Ta north in between the armed forces mauled in the sou
Secessionist pla
The TULF must - that its secess enabled militant S play upon Sinhal what might evel accepted by the mate Tamil griev become metamorp all threat to the S secession-based vi international opini alive to gross hum nevertheless finds reasonable and ull
It is in the intere is both just and TULF must give Separate state anc case of federalism years ago. India TULF to do so. I steps to restrain just as it attempt guerrillas. Then bring about a negC Lanka would be s tive light by the currently sceptic the whole crisis.
The goal to be a Sri Lanka where S share political p respect for one an simply because til cannot expect t value theirown se in Sri Lanka on ti Sinhalese. Respor ers must discoura
* ing which is preci
stages, to Tamil secessionist viole enough. Together ership they must lishing the right

ind, the TULF, as Sentatives of the ct in a statesmaned in its historical 's acceptance of a
in 1975 is perhaps is was nonetheless porportions for it power away from elected leaders air electorates, to uth accountable to
ion is not any part on to Sri Lanka's ary, for the past 10 t gory bloodshed in the victims have mils caught in the he depredations of and guerrillas, and th by goondas.
tform
accept this reality onist platform has inhalese leaders to ese emotions; that ntually have been Sinhalese as legitiances have instead hosed into a nationSinhalese; and that olence has alienated ion which, although an rights violations, secession both unnpalatable. sts of a solution that satisfying that the up its cry for a instead take up the that it abandoned 10 must encourage the hdia must also take he Tamil guerrillas to restrain its Sikh India's efforts to tiated solution in Sri een in a more posiSinhalese who are l of India's role in
med for is a federal inhalese and Tamils ower and live with other. The Sinhalese ey are the majority he minorities, who inse of dignity, to live rms dictated by the sible Sinhalese leadge this type of thinkely what has led, by lisenchantment and hce, But this is not with the Tamil leadwork towards estabof regional self-gov
TAMILTIMES 13
TAMIL, A NATIONAL LANGUAGE2
“The Tamil language has been declared a national language under the Constitution of Sri Lanka. The Tamils are treated equally. We cannot understand what their grievances are? This is the vein in which the government's propagandists always react when they face charges of discrimination against Tamils.,
SATURDAY REVIEW is the only regional English weekly printed and published from the northern Tamil city of Jaffna. It is the only paper subjected to special government censorship. All materials intended for publication in the paper are required to be transmitted 250 miles away to Colombo for censorship and approval. The authority of the Government Agent (the civilian head) of Jaffna to approve articles was withdrawn severall months ago. And when materials are sent to Colombo, they are invariably subjected to long and unexplained delays. There is no doubt that all these measures are designed to Stifle the publication of 'Saturday Review
Action against paper
Now the Press Council of Sri Lanka, which was intended to protect the 'freedom of the press' has decided to take action against the paper, its editor (who is incidentally a Sinhalese), printers and publishers. Why? For publishing the paper with the warning to its readers: “The only Governmentcensored newspaper in Sri Lanka'.
The original notice summoning the parties to appear before the Press Council for an inquiry in Colombo was in Sinhala language only No English or Tamil translation. The parties returned the notice asking for a Tamil or English version of the notice.
In a country where the Tamil language enjoys the constitutional status of a 'national language. One would have expected the authorities to at least provide a Tamil translation of the notice. That was not to be. Now the parties have been re-issued with the original notice in Sinhala only with an English translation. No Tamil! And still they claim that Tamil and Tamils are treated equally
united Sri Lanka, which is what federalism is about. It is in the Sinhalese interest, as the Tamil, to compromise in this before violence embraces the whole island. And it is in India's interest to be supportive.

Page 14
14 TAMILTIMES
Erters To
The Home Secretary's announcement of the imposition of a visa requirement for nationals of Sri Lanka conceals the nature of the tragedy affecting the Tamil community in that country.
Every day we listen to the horrific personal accounts of young Tamils telling of repeated arrests, torture, homes looted and burned, and raindom shooting of young men. The Security measures of the Sri Lankan government may be "aimed at Tamil terorrists and their organisations' (leader, May 29), but they are in effect carried out against the young male Tamil population generally.
This situation has been building up inexorably over the past two years. During that time Britain and her European partners have done nothing to put pressure on the Sri Lankan government to bring the island's communities together. Urgent diplomatic initiatives are now needed.
The Home Secretary's response to the threat of a “flood' of Tamil refugees in Britain is deeply disappointing. France and Germany have received many more Tamils than Britain and yet have allowed them all to remain temporarily. When events in Poland and Iran demanded it, the British Government agreed not to force refugees back to these countries. We strongly believe that the same treatment should be available to the Tamils, who are in addition Commonwealth citizens.
British voluntary agencies and Tamil community groups here are willing to assist the Home Office in a planned programme for Tamils arriving in Britain. We have an obligation to provide a safe haven to those who need it until the situation in Sri Lanka allows them to go home. We look forward to a dialogue with the government on how this can best be achieved.
Martin Barber, Director
The British Refugee Council,
Bondway House, 3/9 Bondway, London, SW8
BRITTA DUTY 7 TAMMIL
REFUG
(Copies of these lette
appeared in "The Tin
Reports of continuir al violence in Sri reassuring for Tam may be forcibly Whatever the inten Lanka Governme) areas of the island a control. The refugee back from Britain t
In 1969, when Idi atening to expel the community, many C passport-holders, In an Foreign Secretary who said that India temporary basis, Eas refugees on the und they had the right as passport-holders eve in Britain. India thousands of refug Africa on this basis The Tamil refug should be offered a to Stay until order ha lished in Sri Lanka are not at risk. As ir East African Asians organisations in Bir willing to set up and ary accommodatio fugees could be requ with the police. Imn tained for months wh Settle here is inves they could be maint months to assure the Britain has a pro protecting refugees. that tradition to fo back to Sri Lanka un assured.
Shirley Will Social De 4 Cowley Street, London, SW1
ZIOMISIMSIMALA-BUIDIDISM
Like the Palestinians, thousands of Tamils of Sri Lanka today find themselves in many foreign lands having been uprooted from the land of their birth.
The policy pursued by the Sri Lankan government in driving out the Tamils from areas in which they had lived traditionally is identical to the
policy adopted by th for many decades. T the ethno-religious c Buddhismo are no di Zionists when it con ment of Tamils.
Here are some quo Zionist personalities: Theodor Herzl, fou

JULY 1985
HEEDror
N'S ΓO
EES
rs received by us nes')
ng intercommunLanka are not il refugees who returned there. tions of the Sri nt, Substantial 'e mot under their es might be sent O their deaths. Amin Was threUgandan Asian of them British het the then Indi7, Swaran Singh, would take, on a st African Asian erstanding that United Kingdom ntually to settle later admitted ees from East
'ees in Britain temporary right is been re-estaband their lives l the case of the , the voluntary itain might be manage temporn, and the reired to register nigrants are delile their right to stigated. Surely ained for a few eir right to live. bud tradition of It would betray rce the Tamils til their safety is
iams, President mocratic Party
It is perhaps surprising that on the day the United Kingdom has been found in breach of its obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights, it is about to breach another international convention. I am referring to the convention and protocol relating to the status of refugees and the effec it might have on the way the Home Secretary proposes to treat Tamil asy lum seekers.
The refugee Convention, unlike the European Convention, is part of Ur ited Kingdom domestic law in that it has been expressly incorporated in the immigration rules currently in force. That should meam that every Tamil refused asylum, on the merits of his case should be given a proper right o' appeal or review against refusal (Arti cle 32).
Even if, through some technica argument, this article is held not to apply, some kind of right of appeal i regarded as a basic requirement by the United Nations High Commission er for Refugees (the UNHCR) witl whom the United Kingdom is under a duty to co-operate with article 35(1). Thus the problem which your leader article (May 29) was rightly concerned about ought not to arise although the Home Office has to date not acknowledged that there, is such a right of appeal.
Moreover, if on refusing asylum to any Sri Lankan refugee it is proposed to send the refugee back to Sri Lanka, this could amount to 'refoulement', which is expressly prohibited by article 33. The difficulty here is whether or not a person is in fact a refugee in the Sense that he has a well-founded fea of persecution on grounds of racia. origin, political opiniom, etc.
In this respect, the Home Secretary does, it seems, need to be reminded that the mere fact that his officials decide that a particular applicant is not a refugee does not mean that he is is not one for the purposes of complying with the United Kingdom's obligations under the Convention.
Alper Riza, 8 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, London WC2
e Israeli regime The advocates of reed of 'Sinhalafferent from the nes to the treat
tes from leading
nder of Zionism:
“We shall try to spirit the penniless population (i.e. Arabs) across the border by procuring employment for it in the transit countries, while denying it any employment in our country.
Joseph Weitz, leading Zionist in charge of colonisation of Israel: “With the Arabs we shall not achieve Our aim of being an independent people in this country. The only solution is Eretz
CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

Page 15
JULY 1985
SRI LAMMAMW
AMISIMMIEIA
I am writing this letter on behalf of the Sri Lankan Tamils in Nigeria who are undergoing lot of hardships in obtaining a visitor's visa to UK. When a Sri Lankan applies for a Visa, the first question that is put to him is whether he is a Sinhalese or a Tamil. Even though the BBC has been announcing that holiday-makers and students will have no problems in obtaining visas to UK, they too have difficulties in getting one. When the Tamils apply for a visa even with the necessary documents, viz. (i) leave certificate, (ii) Return Tickets, (iii) Re-entry Permit, (iv) Evidence of funds in the UK, they are told that their papers have to be sent to the Home Office for clearance and asked to call in three weeks later. I wish to point out a special case of Dr Nadarajah, who has enough funds and whose kidneys have been seriously affected and in a critical condition and needed treatment abroad as his case could not be treated in Nigeria. His Ministry did everything on their part in one day and even the Return Tickets were ready. The British High CommisSion Office in Kaduna refused to deviate from the practice of sending papers to Home Office for clearance before issuing a Visa. This they did despite the State Governor's request and the Commissioner for Health interviewing Officers of the British High Commission.
I fully trust that you will take up this matter immediately with the Home Office and thus help the Sri Lankan Tamils who are anxiously awaiting to go on leave and who have the necessary documents to prove that they are going on leave to spend their holiday in the UK.
Why this discrimination against the unfortunate Sri Lankan Tamils?
V. Tharmasamgari P.O. Box 2834, Nigeria.
I was interested t J. R. Jayawarden at the felicitation late the distinguis lar and historian nam, on his 80th
Some of the mo and women of Sri at his dinner, but was fortunate enc ture taken arm-il nam and publish newspapers.
I still recall tha' most scholarly pi search was into dene’s family tr Tamil Times, Ju
“TAMILS
"We do feel, how minority is unde the Tamils, of all parts of the count the case, state t of Parliament wh recently.
The two MPs, M servative) and M. (Labour) have col port on behalf ( liamentary Huma a two-week fact-fi Lanka to examin man rights violat
In their report, conclusion that: that in the prese rights are being to a substantial
The following from the Report "There is a consi dence that the civilians. An illarmy unit finding and some of its ( blown to bits tend
FROM PREVIOUS PAGE
Israel, without Arabs.'
And there is no other way but to transfer the Arabs from here to the neighbouring countries.' Transfer all of them, not one village or tribe shall remain.'
Ben Gurion, first Israeli Prime Minister: "We must do everything to ensure they never do return . . .'
Golda Meir, a former Israeli Prime Minister: "There is no such thing as Palestinians. It wasn't as though there was a Palestinian people in Palestine considering itself as a Palestinian people and we came and threw them out and took their country away from
them. They did
Menachem Be Minister in the deeply believe ventive war aga without further S0, we will ach firstly, the annih and secondly, th tory.'
General Ariel S is now a superpo of European cc than we are. W Week the area Baghdad and Al
Colombo,
 

TAMIL TIMES 15
JUNIUS 8 RUTNAM
read that President was the chief guest dinner to congratued Sri Lankan SchoDr James T. Rutbirthday.
t distinguished men Lanka were present only the President ugh to have his pic-arm with Dr Rut2d in most of our
one of Dr Rutnam's !ces of historical rePresident Jayawaree, (Reproduced in he 1985). It caused
quite a stir at the time and was fre
quently reproduced in newspapers and
at election meetings.
President Jayawardene is fond of telling us how big a contribution his ancestors - especially his father and uncles - have made to Sri Lanka. A special museum is to be started at Dharmapala Mawatha as a permanent memorial to the Jayawardene family, which also has the honour of having Sri Lanka's new capital named after them.
I hope President Jayawardene will mot forget to include Dr Rutnam’s splendid piece of historical research in his museum.
Nihal Goonetilleke
Sri Jayawardenepura
ARE UNDER THREAT-UK MPs
ver, that the Tamil r threat. Certainly, classes and from all y, believe that to be W0 British MemberS o visited Sri Lanka
Mr Roger Sims (Conr Robert Kilroy Silk mpiled a 20-page rebf the British Parn Rights group after inding mission to Sri e allegations of huions. the MPs came to the We are in no doubt ent situation human violated or infringed extent.
are Some extracts
derable body of eviarmy kills innocent Lisciplined Sinhalese one of its own lorries wn number literally
is to assume that the
lot exist.'
in, a former Prime Knesset in 1955: "I n launching a preinst the Arab states hesitation. By doing eve two targets - lation of Arab power expansion of Terri
haron in 1973: “Israel ver and all the forces untries are weaker can conquer in one from Khartoum to geria."
S. Shanthi,
inhabitants of the nearby village are
responsible and takes revenge into its
own hands.'
Torture
"First, it was clear to us all that the
prisoners were cowed and afraid. It was also clear that very many - if not
all of them - had been ill-treated. The torture - which seemed to take the form of beating, mainly on the buttocks with plastic pipes (we saw the terrible scars that such a beating leaves), being hung by the feet over a chilli fire, having pins pushed down fingernails and lighted cigarettes snubbed out on the body - appears to be mainly carried out by the police at the point of arrest. For fear of impli
PLEASE TURN TO PAGE 18
STMATHEMV
I have never admired Mr Cyril Mathew. But three public statements that he has made after President Jayawardene removed him from office are refreshingly frank.
(1) His statement that, once out of office, one has no friends;
(2) His admission that "over 90 per cent of the appointments he made while he was a Minister were "political appointments'; and -
(3) His revelation that, in the case of an official he did not like, he gave the order: "Hold an inquiry and get rid of the fellow.'
Mr Mathew's former Cabinet colleagues have been doing what Mr Mathew says he did. But none of them has the frankness to say so publicly So, while Mr Mathew won't get my vote, he still gets my thanks.
P. Ekmeligoda
Passara

Page 16
16 TAMILTIMES
May 12, 1985
Kodikamam attacked: Armed forces went on the rampage at Kodikamam today. A young woman was shot dead and several innocent civilians sustained gunshot injuries. Among those admitted to Jaffna Hospital for treatment are V. Vimalanathan of Sangatha thanai, aged 30 years, P. Bhaheerathan of Madduvil, aged 20 years, and S. Saravanabhavan, aged 19 years of Nunavil. Several houses and shops were also smashed up.
AMAY-3.19. Pregnant woman raped: Armed forces said to be involved in combing out operations in thévillage of Nayanmar
kaddu in the North, brutally raped a
6-months pregnant mother (25 years) who already had two children, 4 years and 11 months old respectively. The woman was admitted to Jaffna hospital in a state of shock.
MAY 15, 1985
Tamils killed at Anuradhapura: Following a lightning raid on Sinhalese civilians by armed gunmen at Anuradhapura, several innocent Tamil civilians employed in government service at Anuradhapura were reported to have been massacred by the armed forces today. Mr Thangarajah, the Station Master of the Anuradhapura Railway Station was killed. Other Tamil employees attached to the railway station, Sivathasan, Kanagaratnam, Velupillai, Somasunderam and Rajadurai were also killed. Mr Selvarajah, Station Master attached to the nearby. Madawachchiya railway station was also killed. 33 hacked to death, 30 injured by navy men in Nainativu Sea: A passenger boat plying between the island of Delft and Kurikadduvan was attacked by several men, identified as Naval personnel in civils, resulting in the death of 33 civilians. At least 30 were reported injured. The engine boat, ‘Kumudini', commenced its journey from Delft after the usual Naval inspections around 8.30 a.m. When it was cruising past the island of Nainativu, it was accosted by two fibre-glass boats. The men in the fibre-glass boats crossed over to "Kumudini'. Though they carried guns, they also had in
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their possession l knives, iron bars a then set upon the women and childl bing and ripping destruction.
Several with gr. said to have been by the attackers. leaving the ravage co-operative societ ted the ill-fated 'F along to the Nainati getting permission personnel statione to tow it along to l dead bodies of 32 pe by the mortuary at
pital, while the inju
ed to Jaffna Hosp. were admitted to Pathinather Yogar vanendran (35 year Sathasivam (34 Ganeshapillai (35 Si va pathasun del Mylliddy), M. Mut Irupiddy), A. Ku years, Delft), K. years, Delft), Dh years), Delft), Mrs N (32 years, Delft), M vathipillai (50 ye Kumaradasan (Pun (15 years, Delft), S years, Delft), Ch years, Delft), Mr K. years, Delft).
A three-year-old g Shashikala Thanal was also hacked by on admission to thi The following dead identified so far: F years, Delft), M. years, Delft), I. S Guru Nagar), Mrs (28 years, Vadalia Anushooya (23 year MiSS P. Nimili (18 Mariamma (38 year Mrs Nirmaladevi Pa K. Sathasivam (62 у namma, Sadaiya years), G. Devas; years), S. Thillain Kayts), I. Kanagalin Anthonypillai (45 ye (44 years), Sinn av years), S. Jesudasan
3M
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

RRORISM
as
E OF TAMIL CIVILIANS
MAY 17, 1985
thal weapons like d hand axes. They assengers — mem, en, hac!’’ing, clubhem to ueath and
vous injuries are hrown into the Sea The attackers left boat in the seas. A 7 boat which spotumudini' towed it vu pier where after from the Naval there, proceeded urikadduvan. The ople were received Pungudutivu Hosred were despatchtal. The following Jaffna Hospital: (14 years), BhuS, Pungudu Tiva ), years, Kay ts), years Delft), W. am (35 years, hthan, (42 years, mara Swamy (50 Santhalingam (28
armaratmam (48 i
Mohandurai Saroja Mrs Anthony Parars, Malithurai), gudutivu), Kumar
Duraisingam (11 andra kumar (10 Kanagambigai (45
irl from Koddady, balasingam, who the soldiers, died ! Jaffna Hospital. bodies have been . Nagendram (32 Manivannan (15 nniah (35 years, A. Kusalakumari ddaipu), Mrs A S, Pandaterippu), years), Mrs P. s), P. Yogarajah, supathi (20 years), ears), Mrs P. SorGowin dan (44 gayampillai (42. than (38 years, am (34 years), S. ars), N. Kandiah an Anthony (65 46 years, Jaffna).
3.
8 is 2229
o 1U 24, 31 Wilornica y
2
Y 3.
Seturday 5
JULY 1985
Sought refuge and were shot: Tamil government servants employed at Anuradhapura who had sought refuge at an army camp due to the state of tension and anti-Tamil feelings prevalent in the area, were shot at by a Corporal, resulting in the death of six
and injuries to 20 others.
Corpses washed ashore: Mutilated and decomposed corpses have been washed ashore in many islands around Nainativu. The bodies, which are beyond identification, are believed to be of those who were attacked and thrown overboard into the sea in the Nainativu boat massacre.
MAY 18, 1985
Tamil students assaulted, arrested: Fourteen innocent Tamil students who were undergoing training to become Surveyors were mercilessly assaulted at Diyatalwa in the central province by soldiers. They were then handed over to the Bandarawela Police Station and remanded.
CWC reports 7 killings: Mr S. Sellasamy, General Secretary of the Ceylon Workers' Congress (a unit of the government group in Parliament), has reported to the Ministry of Defence that seven innocent Tamil workers of Indian descent were shot and killed by the soldiers at Vavuniya three days agO.
MAY 19, 1985
Army ramage at Gurunagar: Troops went on the rampage at Gurunagar.
killing one innocent civilian and injuring five others, including a woman.
The troops had opened fire on a private van bringing passengers back from a funeral. Anton Govindan, 44 years of Gurunagar, died on the spot. Mrs Sub
balakshmi (25 years, of Colombothur
ai), Veerasingam (Eachamoddai .
Venugopal, Raveendra rajah and
Mariachandaran were admitted to
Hospital with gunshot injuries.
Upcountry youth killed in Jaffna: An innocent Tamil youth, Kandiah Muthurajah (24 years) from Matale who was in Jaffna was shot and killed by the troops. Another Tamil civiliar
A 14 223 Monday 5 12, 1926
Desa egne 1. 1 1 o
iday 2 1926 Saturday 3101724 .

Page 17
JULY 1985
who was also shot dead in the same incident has not been identified.
MAY 21, 1985
More shootings at Gurunagar: There was more shootings by the troops at Gurunagar today. An innocent Tamil civilian was killed and another civilian, a father of seven children, was grievously hurt. Several civilians, including mamy women, were taken away by the troops. Their fate is unknown.
Tamil people should defend themselves - government minister: Speaking at a literary meeting in Colombo, Mr S. Thondaman, Minister of Rural Industrial Development, said that Tamil people have come to a stage today when they should defend themselves, their lives and property. They could no longer depend on "others' for their protection.
27,000 civilians under eviction order: 27,012 Tamil civilians from 5,500 farming families living in the Chettikulum area have been issued eviction orders from homes owned by them. The decision made by the military high command of the North of Ceylon was conveyed to the people by vehicles fitted with a public address system. It is understood that the army had also demanded the closure of a Government Hospital and the Assistant Government Agent’s office in Chettikulam.
Four Tamil youth missing: Four Tamil youths who had returned home from Saudi Arabia, where they were employed, are reported missing. After disembarking at the Colombo International Airport they had hired a car and proceeded to Jaffna, but had never reached their destination. It is believed that on the way to Jaffna they might have had a fatal rendezvous with the soldiers of the government of Sri Lanka.
'Siva' of BBC TV fame on the mat: Mr Sivapalan, President of the Trincomalee Citizens Committee, who appeared in a recent TV feature programme telecast over the BBC and exposed army atrocities and who had his son killed subsequently by the troops, was quizzed by the Criminal Investigation Department sleuths, for allegedly leaking information to the foreign press about an army massacre of 40 Tamil youths at Trincomalee. Another som of Mr Sivapalan, it must be recalled, was killed in Colombo during the July 1983 genocide.
MAY 23, 1985
"Monks also terrorists' says Sarath: The Communist MP for Kalawana, Mr
Sarath Mulletuwe liament today that dent's statement
opposed the Gover ist, quite a lot of p including himself v Buddhist monks W a protest sit-in out that very moment ists! He went on
people were entitl enjoyed by the Sir ethnic crisis could granting the Tamil self-determinatio Order. It must be Only a few week clashed in Parlial ment MPS for Calli tion fighters terro that he preferred
militants and NOT
President threat Speaking at a mee ment parliamentaI Jayawardene thre martial law if nec terrorism. He said ing in terms of gra powers to MPs in
MAY 2
Family wiped out b wiped out an enti ulam in the Trinci mother, daughter babies, an old won and a neighbour w brutal masacre. Mi the breadwinner C Was away from th the incident occur Survivor of the att
MAY 2
Buses Stoned at Sin all private coaches ombo to Jaffna we throwing at the Sin of Anuradjapura, damage to the bu: passengers.
WWT massacre - submits details: citizens committee the Defence Minist 70 Tamil children community centre vettithurai. They h the Defence Minis the murders, robb and rape, which th The government these incidents.
MAY
House blasted at A forces dynamited

ama, said in Pargoing by the Presithat anyone who ment WaS a terrOrople in the country iere terrorists. The no were conducting side Parliament at were also terrorto say that Tamil d to all the rights halese people. The only be solved by people the right of n of the highest ecalled that it was ; ago that Sarath nent with Governng the Tamil liberarists. He had said o call them Tamil
terrorists.
ens martial law: ting of the governy group, President atened to declare essary to wipe out that he was thinknting full executive
their electorates.
4, 1985
by army: The army 'e family at PankOmalee District. A ', son-in-law, two man, a servant girl 'ere wiped out in a r K. Thamotheram, of the family, who e home at the time red, was the Only jack.
9, 1985
halese town: Severs plying from Colre subject to stonehalese border town resulting in serious ses and injuries to
citizens committee The Valvettithurai has submitted to ry the names of the massacred inside a on May 9th at Valave also furnished try with details of eries, acts of arson e army indulged in. had earlier denied
30, 1985
riyalai: The armed and destroyed a
TAMILTIMES 17
house at Ariyalai today. They had come to search the house and On finding it unoccupied had proceeded to destroy the house.
More stone-throwing: The Sinhalese "stone brigades' continued their operations at Anuradhapura, pelting with stones any vehicle that proceeded in the direction of Jaffna. Several vehicles were damaged and many sustained head injuries.
40 houses set om fire: Forty houses belonging to innocent Tamil civilians were set on fire at Sri Nagar, a village in the Mutur area in the Eastern Province, by the security forces.
JUNE 2, 1985
Mannampittiya - 34 Tamils missing: A Tamil United Liberation Front spokesman, Mr Sampandamoorthy, has complained to the Trincomalee District Minister that 34 Tamils residing at Mannampitiya, a Sinhalese village with a majority Sinhalese population, have been missing for the last few days. As a result of the panic generated by the strange disappearance of these Tamils, 113 Tamil ladies living in the village had sought refuge at Batticaloa. At Kiliveddi, 15 innocent Tamils including two young girls have disappeared. As a result, people in the area have left the village and sought refuge at a Muslim school at Jinnah Nagar.
Stone brigade at Kekirawa too: The Sinhalese stone brigades extended their activities at Anuradhapura to Kekirawa, stoning any vehicle that left in the direction of Jaffna. Several vehicles were damaged and many injured.
JUNE 3, 1985
Army ramage at Trincom allee: 13 killed: The armed forces went on the ramage at Trincomalee killing at least 13 civilians and injuring several; others who were travelling in a bus. Of the 13 bodies at the mortuary at Trincomalee Hospital, six have been identified: S. Dharmapalan, Post Master of Pankulam, Miss Parameswary Kumara samy, (51 years, retired teacher), K. Vallipuranathan, retired teacher, S. Subramaniam, employed at the National Housing Department office at Trincomalee, Mrs Parameswary Sivananthan and her mother Iyamuthu. The following have been admitted to the Trincomalee Hospital with gunshot injuries: Mrs Rajeswari, Mr Murugesu, Mr Velum Mylum, Mrs Rajamani, Mr V. Selvarajah, Mr V. Anandarajah, Mrs A. Selvanayagi, Mrs V. Rajeswari and her 3-month-old baby boy.

Page 18
18 TAMILTIMES
A TRUE
James Thevathasan Rutnam turns eighty today. The four score years of his life so far span an important period in the history of modern Sri Lanka - an epoch beset by changes more radical, more rapid and, towards the end, more painful, than in any preceding age in recent centuries. He was born at a time when Pax Britannica was reigning supreme and British rule in this tropical island seemed unshakable. The background against which he grew up could hardly have been more stable. Then came the changes. And today, as he begins his ninth decade, the land he loved is in turmoil and slipping inexorably towards the abyss of civil strife. Having raised his voice against the British as a mere lad and later associated himself with political organisations and leaders with a desire to lead the country out of bondage, he must indeed be a sad man today. James failed to make a name in politics. From the beginning he was torn between politics and Scholarship, and gradually opted for a career in politics. When he finally gave it up, the loss to politics was scholarship's gain. Looking back, one wishes he devoted more time and energy for scholarship. He perhaps has no regrets.
Favourable maxim
Whatever one's chosen area of interest is, one eventually gravitates to history is a favourable maxim that James always publicises. His own enduring interests in history were not a late development but were first formed while he was at the Ceylon University College and the Law College. It was at the latter institution that his inclination for historical reSearch first won recognition, when he was awarded the Walter Perera Memorial Prize for Legal Research for his monograph on the introduction of trial by jury in Sri Lanka. It was his first important piece of historical re
By Prof. K
search and, I beli time that he beca life and work of . the papers rela among the most that James had a years from diff world.
In the early y passion for genea soon became a Sp and was sought aft their family trees Genealogy nat biography. He re. raphical sketches personalities and tors to the local p authority on the li' ers. Among his b this field is undoul ten biography of h Sir Ponnambalan. the occasion of centenary celebra published in Engl Tamil by the gove. ches into the life ( him to unravel th Digby, Arunachala the acquisition of Papers.
Modern history But he is not one v specialisation and zeal for the medie tory of Sri Lanka His writings on Fr lege, the Polonna) the Tomb of Elara he is equally at hor of the island's his He worked in is knew his real w eluded him for a l reached the age ( written himself as lure'. Little did he entering a new sta
FROM PAGE 15
cating certain honourable individuals or causing retribution to those in captivity, we do not intend to specify the source of our evidence.
Suffice to say that we have no doubt that interrogation, wherever it takes place but especially at the time of arrest, is almost invariably accompanied by some form of ill-treatment. It appears to be the case that the more likely the person arrested was to be a terrorist, the more severe the torture.'
Innocent in detention
"Again, it would seem that a large
proportion of those cent. That, at any escapable conclusi the documented e made available to
"We accept that t to arrest terrorist nowledge the mees detained and intel inexcusable is for and for those know be held for a day lo sary. For this is th the exception. Th need, for example, girl who was reque:

JULY 1985
SCHOLAR
Indrapala
ve, it was from that me interested in the lexander Johnston, ing to whom are valuable collections cquired over many rent parts of the
2ars James had a logical studies and ecialist in the field er by many to trace
urally led him to gularly wrote biogof leading political Polonial administraess and became an Ves of national leadest contributions in
btedly the well-writ
is political mentor, Arunachalam, on the latter's birth tions in 1953. It was ish, Sinhalese and rnment. His resear
of Arunachalam led,
e work of William m's mentor, and to the valuable Digby
has been his forte. who favours narrow has shown as much Jal and ancient hisas for the modern. aser of Trinity Colruwa Colossus and clearly reveal that he in all the periods Ory. solation and never orth. Recognition Ong time. When he f seventy, he had a “successful fairealise that he was ge in his life - that
of a guru figure. Recognition followed
He was elected President of the Jaffna
Archaeological Society, a Member of the Governing Council of the Royal Asiatic Society (S.L.B.) a Faculty Member of the University campus in Jaffna, and later a Member of the Council of the University of Jaffna. And that new university honoured him with a D.Litt. degree at his first convocation.
Time running out
But when all this came, James was not going to rest on his laurels. He busied himself with the establishment of the Evelyn Rutnam Institute for Intercultural Studies in Jaffna, a dream that was his ever since the sudden death of his beloved wife, and began his long-awaited work on the Alexander Johnston Papers. He felt that time was running out and ploughed through the papers with the eagerness of a student working for a Ph.D. in a place plagued by frequent power cuts. It was an amazing sight to see him flashing a torch with his trembling right hand on to a document held in the other and reading late into the inght when men of his age were enjoying a good night's sleep after playing with their great-grandchildren. But alas for nearly a year now, his cherished work has been cruelly interrupted by the developments in Jaffna.
Thorough in his investigation, critical in his approach and dedicated to his research, James is a master of words which he puts together very elegantly. A scholar of true universality, his intellectual personality is perfectly imaged in his fluent style. On this day of remarkable achievement, James Rutnam deserves to be saluted in Shakespearean phrase: Thou art a scholar.
IIIlIIIslIllIIIllIII
detained are innorate, was the inom we drew from idence that was
S. e government has suspects. We ackfor them to be rogated. What is hem to be beaten l to be innocent to nger than is necesnorm rather than re should be no for the 16 year old ted to report to the
police station to give an account of why she was attending classes outside school on 'revolutionary' subjects like the emancipation of women and the ending of the dowry system, and who was taken to the police station by her mother, father and brother, to be imprisoned for over three hours - even though the Advisory Board acknowledged that she was innocent of any terrorist activity and recommended her release.'
"Nor does it seem to us to be necesary to prevent the prisoners receiving their relatives and CONTINUED ON PAGE 22
GLGL SGSiSiASASASAHAASGSCLCCLSLCSLS S SiiiiiiLCLCCCLC SLCLMTSMSMS

Page 19
JULY 1985
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O Regrettably, in the recent past, there has been much big talk against India by puny minds in the United National Party Government led by President Jayawardene. Now, they too have come to the view that India is a friend, a true friend, not an enemy, who is trying to help Sri Lanka out through a dangerous impasse of its own creation.
- Editorial, Saturday Review: 29.6.85
O Communalism has been introduced into everything and everywhere in Sri Lanka. Will this situation change? A Police Inspector in the Eastern Province has referred to me as 'Lokku Kottiya' (Big Tiger). If my plight is this, is there a need to comment on the plight of other Tamils.
- Mr K.W. Devanayakam, Sri Lankan Minister of Home Affairs in an interview with "Virakesavi'
O All newspapers in Sri Lanka publish lies.
- ex-Cabinet Minister Cyril Mathew, Island: 25.6.85
O. When a man reaches the top, he has no friends. Great men are alvaggs " bad men.
- Cyril Mathew, Island: 1.6.85
O The absolute immunity (of criminal or civil liability) of the President (of Sri Lanka) may conceptually be inconsistent with the principles of democracy and sovereignity of the people, but it is not for a court of law to question the validity of any provisions of the constitution .
- Chief Justice Sharvanda, Island: 9.7.85

TAMLTIMES 19
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O Last year the general view was that if you get a political solution, terrorism will wither. Today, the view is that to get a political solution, we must work towards a cessation of hostilities.
- Lalith Athulathmudali, Minister of National Security, Island, 3.6.85
O There is a dearth of straightforward national minded and devoted (Buddhist) Bhikkus today.
- Ven. Marapana Vijitha Thero, Island: 5.6.85
O In the past, Sinhala kings brought their brides from South India and their advisers on law, economics and finances were mostly Tamils. During the last days of the Sinhala Kingdom, a 19-year-old Tamil Prince named Kandasamy became the King of Kandy as Sri Wickrema
Rajasinghe.
- Anandatissa de Alwis, Sri Lankan Minister of State, Island: 23.6.85
O The Tamil United Liberation. Front must abdicate its
assumed note as the legitimate representatives of the
Tamil people of Sri Lanka.
- Eelam National Liberation Front, The Hindu: 29.6.85
O I am inviting you to come and see the Tamil youth who have been tortured in the Tamil ward at the Welikade prison. The scars are still on their bodies and you can find out from them how their statements were obtained.
– Rev. Fr Singarayer to the Judge of the High Court of Colombo, Island: 12.7.85

Page 20
20 TAMILTIMES
OBITUARY
Prof. E.F.C. Ludowyk On June 10th, at Golders Green, London, gathered scholars and friends to pay a final tribute to E.F.C. Ludowyk. Born in Galle in 1906, he graduated in 1929 from University College with a First. On a government scholarship at Cambridge he received a First at the Tripos and, later, his Doctorate.
The young scholar who had also trod the stage of the University Marlowe Society returned to University College as Lecturer and four years later unfurled his own long reign. The first Ceylonese to take the English Chair, his sails brought with them the new winds which to us at school was so refreshingly felt in the radical teaching signalled by "Marginal Comments: English was the enjoyable living experience' of the beauty and power of language which is literature.
The impression conveyed by the spoken word in his lectures and tutorials which is more powerful tham that received from his written is that of a mind of high order which, for some reason still to be examined and explained, chose only to be the teacher who brings the intelligence of the country abreast that of England. Had he as an independent mind chosen to face his peers more than his students we may
have seen a truer i work of great orig tude of his intellect borne comparison v Letters in his time
His “Understand for example, mear schools as intro - the six plays he edi is a Supreme exam scholarship borne
This interest in t students naturally p aim of advancing institute of higher came also the first the Arts Faculty in lege, which had blo versity in 1942. T assume a golden gl was a university: equal minds, a fo intelligence of the v the promise of an pective and place.
The writer, it hac barometer of his a advance the approa stress. It was not with the new aspi cided his passage ti He may have sens now come to pass: the present.
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Image in a written inality the magniwhich could have with any in English
ing Shakespeare”, ut though it is for and companion to ted and annotated, ple of authoritative lightly.
eaching and in his rogressed with the the country's first
learning. He beCeylonese Dean of 1940 and the Colssomed into a uniThese years now Ow. The university
a o microcosm " of cal point for the whole country with international pers
d been said, is the age registering in aching storms and want of sympathy rations which deo England in 1956. ed then what has the irrationality of
JULY 1985
They may no longer 'come from Jaffna and he himself was to leave the university and country one of whose leading teachers, academics and Scholars he had been: our fairest prospect, the Ludowyk sensibility and outlook, faded as with his wife they sailed Westwards.
To his wife, however, who knew in her experience since enforced exile from home in Hungary in 1919 the tragic travails of Europe, this return was yet another labour of wandering all of which she has faced with courage and dignity. A formidable mind and personality she was however sensed by those who understood her and her analytic attitidue as being ever so kind and gentle.
Dedicated to the first refugee our youth had known, friend, and fellow. Haffner, these words for an inspiring Teacher cammot emd better tham With those of Dr Johnson which a contributor to the felicitation volume honour
ing Professor Ludowyk says he read
with geat depth of feeling during one of his lectures: “To pacify the inimical, to soften the obdurate, to mollify the resentful are worthy of a statesman but it can afford little cause for self-applause to consider that uvhere there uvas formerly an insurrection there is now a uvilderness. N.S
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PROMOTIONALADWERTISEMENT WEST MIDLANDS COUNTY COUNCIL
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICY
The West Midlands County Council has a positive equal opportunities policy. The aim of our policy is to ensure that no job applicant or employee receives unfavourable treatment on the grounds of racial origin, nationality, disablement, religious, trade union or political beliefs or activity, age, marital status, dependants, gender, sexual orientation or is disadvantaged by conditions or requirements which cannot be shown to be justified. Selection criteria and procedures have been reviewed to ensure that all individuals are selected, promoted and treated on the basis of merit and ability. All employees will be given equal opportunity and, where appropriate, special training to progress within the organisation. Applications from people with health problems, particularly the registered disabled, who have the necesssary attributes for a post are welcome. w The Council is determined to ensure that this policy is effectively
implemented and monitored.
The County Council is also committed to equal opportunities in the delivery of services to the public. Vacancies are advertised in the local press, in the appropriate professional journals, at Job Centres, Careers Offices, a variety of community/voluntary organisations and in the minority press. Should you require any further information about the County Council's equal opportunities policy please contact our Ethnic Relations and Equal Opportunities Adviser, Mr. Sushel Ohri, tel: 021-300 7295/7823.

Page 22
22 TAMILTIMES
FROM PAGE 18
friends. That they are some 200 very difficult miles away may mean that such visits would, in any case, be infrequent, though that is a case for locating the camp in a more accessible place.'
“We should also say that it was alleged to us that relatives could only obtain for burial the body of someone killed by the police or army in the North if they first signed a form to say that their relative was a terrorist. This served, it was put to us, as an ex post facto legitimation of the action of the army in killing the person.'
OBITUARY
Dr K. Dr Krishnapil Rajagopal, MB (Ceylon), a Ge ral Practitioner Enfield, Middles died suddenly June 3, 1985.
Borm in Kokk vil, Jaffna, in S Lanka in Novem cated at Kokkuv later at Jaffna graduated from College in 1964. rious capacities,
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Mother seeks qualified Tamil Hindu bridegroom for her attractive 28-year-old accountant daughter. Box M31 C/o Tami Times. Seeking suitably qualified bridgroom Sri Lankan or Malaysian Hindu for niece, 28 years, fair complexion, graduate (Sri Lanka) studying in UK. BOX M37 C/O Tami TimeS.
Mother seeks Hindu partners for professionally qualified son settled abroad aged 34 and daughter partly qualified, 27, dowry available. Box M38 C/o Tami TimeS. Brothers seek suitable bridegroom for Hindu Tamil lady doctor, 30 years, working in Britain. Please send details and horoscope. Box M39 c/o Tamil Times.
Mother seeks suitable bride for graduate accountant son in his thirties, permanent resident in
Britain. Doctor or professional preferred. Please
send horoscope and other particulars. Box M40 cio Tamil Times.
Parent seeks Hindu professional groom for daughter aged 29 from Valvettiturai, professionally qualified engineer, now government Servant in Australia. Box M41 C/o Tamil Times. . .
and chest medici Lanka in 1974 for scholarship.
Although he int Lanka, due to th there Rajagopal UK. Having um general practice, handed General own practice in E ed for the DHSS Enfield and Hari Committee. Ra known and very colleagues.
Known to his fri a man of wit a helped many wor of which is the Lea University of Jaff missed by his ma
Rajagopal leav anee and two chi suing higher educ
- Bharata Natyam & | ses by Vijayambigai li Road, Tooting Bec, BeC;bus routes 49,24 Kumar. Phone: (0277
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er 1936, he was eduHindu College and :entral College. He the Ceylon Medical aving served in vancluding community e, Rajagopal left Sri he UK having won a
inded to return to Sri
unstable conditions ecided to stay in the ergone training in he became a singleractitioner with his afield. He also workas a member of the ngey Local Medical jagopal was well
much liked by his
ands as Raja, he was
nd energy. He has thwhile causes, one gue of Friends of the na. He will be dearly any friends. es his wife Selvarldren who are puration.
T. Raj Chandran
Kuchipudi dance clasdra Kumar at 41, Trinity SW17 (Tube: Tooting 9,19). Contact Mrs Indra 213241, extension: 75.
JULY 1985
Shangita Na+ masivayam, a talented dar cer from the Kalakshetra College of fin
arts, Madras, delighted an appreciativ
audience of art lovers by her scintillating performance of Bharatha Natyam at the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, London W14. recently.
Dr K. Rajagopal: Wife Selvarani and children wish to thank relatives and friends for their floral tributes, messages of sympathy and who helped in other ways on the sad loss of their loving husband and father.
DR VEERAVAGU NADARAJAH We regret to announce the death of Dr V. Nadarajah formerly Chief Medical Officer of 零魏爵零 Health, Colombo %్యళ Municipality, on & ပ္ရပ္ကုိ Monday 15th July. He is the son of late Veeravagu, Notary, husband of Rupavathy, brother of late Mrs Saraswathi Sambantham, Justice Sivasubramaniam, late Navaratnarajah, Mrs Meena Vythilingam, Kandasamy, Dr Rajadurai. father of Dr Manoharan, Nirmala. Shamala and Dr Aruna, father-in-law of Indrani, la te Dr Pu van Eswaran (Malaysia), Dr Vijendra (Eastbourne. UK and Perumal (Dubai). Funeral took place in Colombo on Wednesday 17th July.
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Page 23
JULY 1985
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