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Tani
TIME
TAMIL TIMES
ISSN 0.266-448B
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION
UKW'India/SriLanka.............E9.00 All other countries.,..., E15/US$2.4
Published monthly by TAMIL TIMESLTD P.O. BOX 304 LOrdon WT39 CAN United Kingdom
CONTENTS
Editorial............. II . . . . 2 TULFDemands a Linguistic State,........ LL LLLL L L L L L SS SSSSS S SSSSSSS S SS .3
Campaign. For Release of Political Prisoners Gathers MOT EntLII m.........................
A Year of Peace, Amity and National Reconciliation...... 5
Cease-Fire....... ............,,,,..., "Saturday Review"
Appeals................ . . . . 8 Who Wants SAARC?. 9
Traditional Homelands...10
Nations, Nationalities, Traditional Homelands...11
The Prospects for Peace in Sri Larika ...... .ே 12
A Gangster's New Year, 13 Letters To The Editor. 14 Sri Lanka's Independent
Constitutioris ...... . . . . . . . 18 Classified Advertiseents... 21 Crisis. Mort For Sri Lanka ........... 24
es Expressed by contributors are not - Fil W t fil-self the Editu Fr ha
Fublishers: Limeno rasponsihility
| HT10fLIristolicited manuscripts, F-9"aphs and artwork.
F. E. Clar endon Printers Ltd, His field, Bucking harshire.
Make 1986 a yea Executive and Na This resolution fol of CWC and a cal quit if the long ovi that 400), ()()() of tht
President Jaya for a long time sa the "st: teless” Tal would be gra Recently there 5 tEl [er T1 eI 1 Tx; [h; t | referTed to the es time of operatio Siri Tnavo pact, in increase the num 400,000, Still, up (*Illy heen words. 'Widerice of an LX, L'ECLI tive: action.
Political circles See Tingly innocu
he EccTLyi advertisements i. ICWSpapers on f which included arly in seeks : |he bly war) after by mandate that pro (righter Luis Thess), t. should give up h clectio on I wa Viled Te:
Further pointed "W:l psychosis" in of the government a decision to : Cill I'll paigns of coitlict action" between January '86) and Tamil New Year ( ilchieve Outstant css'; L: cially that of Weight to this interp
The restive less
 
 

75p
WOI. W
No. 3 January 1986
PAIGN OFPRAYER
of peace, amity and national reconciliation, declared the ional Committees of the Ceylon Workers' Congress (CWC). lows the earlier announcement of Mr Thondanan, the leader binet minister of the Sri Lankan government, that he would 'rdue problems of the plantation workers, especially the fact In remain "stateless', are not solved by the end of 1985.
warden has been ying tha t 94), ( 1()() (of | Illil est: te wa Tkels Inted citizenship, had been Viglic LIII: '), inite made at the 1 of the Shastrithat with Illtural be is low at cut ti now these halwe There has been 1) y legislative of
wonder if the »us resolution und
Ing full page In several daily
i Deccl: 85, Пe stite ment "If
Dharmil Yılddit cing elected on a Tilised II) hirimist: hen that person is seat and stick |-ticket", hide :
references. 1. : he upper echel Ins in thic Illino Liced Lunch ** w:riy Luis “ete d'Ild practical Thai Pongal (l-4 the Sinhall and 15 April '86) to ding lemands, citizenship, give relatic Tn.
of the CWC is
uпtlerstandable. Some members have heel unhappy ahout M Thonda mais association with the Sri Lankan goveri Tent. His contention his hec Thit hic could ser we his, pcople het ter by heing in the government Tather than outside. The in human situation (of a large nu Tıther (os estate Workers W|10 continue (1 Tema diselt Thised Will Take the position of Mr Thonda Ilan more and TT|)re Luitenable,
What positiv: and productive actic call the CWC take in the present political situation when strikes and all ther forms of peaceful protests are disallowed? Observers point to the successful II se of ** prayer Illectings" during working hours by the CWC on an earlier (ccasion.
If the CWC goes ahead, the timing
Of their threat can be very embarrassing t President Jaya Wardene. He has th Tc:Tened
several times that hic will ret Li Tin tulo : military solution of the ethnic crisis if a political solutio, on his own terms. is not reached before the kind of 1985.
Clashes On the estales Will lot merely paralyse the Ica industry at this economically difficult time, but the slaughter of Tamil es Late Workers by the security forces or by stormtroops of the government, posing als "home guards", Will strengthen the de [Ina Inti iun Lhe Indi: L n state of Taimni | Nadu, for direct intervicIniti on by the Indian Army to protect Tamils in Sri Lanka.

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T THE time of enactment of the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) in Sri Lanka, knowledgeable sources warned that the provisions of the Act, though presented as a necessary evil to control Tamil militancy, would in time be used to suppress democratic rights all over the island.
This warning has now been proved correct by the recent arrests by the Sri Lankan security forces of a number of Sinhala youths on purely political grounds, that they oppose government policies. The "crime" they would appear to have committed is to attempt to bring about inter-racial harmony in Sri Lanka.
The PTA allows incommunicado detention up to eighteen months. Several international bodies have investigated and condemned the conditions in Sri Lankan jails and the torture that goes on there virtually all the time. The latest such report, which we published in detail in our November issue, is by Amnesty International.
The indications are clear. All those, whether in the North or in the South, whose political stance does not correspond with the Government's, are liable to imprisonment for unknown periods of time, the Sri Lankan government is prepared to fill its jails with all those opposed to it; the Sri Lankan security forces, with the backing of the Government, are prepared to go to any lengths to crush opposition.
What is especially disquieting is that those recently arrested are forward thinking persons and have been actively working to promote inter-communal harmony in the island.
It is a well known manoeuvre and practice of despots clinging on to power, whatever the cost, to divert the
Jayawardene's
HERE must be very few Sri Lanka Tamils who will see in the restoration of Mrs. Bandaranaike's civic rights anything to rejoice over, nothing much on which to nourish hopes of securing political justice in Sri Lanka by negotiation. The bitter history of her own past regime is too recent. The wounds remain unhealed from her introduction of discriminatory quotas in education, the squeeze upon Tamil opportunity in public employment and the gradual militarization of the "Tamil problem". The long years of draconian emergency rule, the gross violation of human rights by Mrs. Bandaranaike's state apparatus - as Amnesty Internitional regularly reportedand the repeal of minority safeguards under her 1972 Constitution can never be forgotten, nor forgiven, by the Tamil people. In a real sense, she is the fountain-head of today's torrents of bloodshed.
Moreover, the suspicion must be strong, indeed overwhelming, that it is a political manoeuvre, not a suddenly discovered respect for democratic norms and values, which has dictated President Jayawardene's recent move. After all, the front line of the struggle to defend Tamil lives and interests now stretches from Vavuniya to Trinco and Batticaloa and the battered United National Party ranks need all the political support they can lay their hands on, domestic and foreign.
Nevertheless, we should be cautious in our own response to this new development. For Mrs.
 

JANUARY 1986
2aSt Roатs South
attention of the populace elsewhere, if necessary creating such diversions and bogey threats, to justify internal suppression of critical evaluation of the regime. If the fantasy external threats provide the opportunity to physically strengthen itself and provide the pseudo-legal authority to suppress all opposition, so much the better, as far as the tyrants are concerned.
The population that gets carried away by the rhetoric of impending loss of beloved cultural possessions and threats to its existence soon finds that the authority it mistakenly granted to the war-mongers becomes the very chain the unsuspecting population itself gets tied up with. The Tamils of Sri Lanka have had and continue to have just and legitimate grievances. They have had no security of life, limb or property in a unitary Sri Lanka. They tried through discussions and peaceful political means to get redress for their genuine fears. The total absence of sincerity on the part of the rulers pushed the impatient youth, with no prospects for the future, ultimately to resort to militant activities.
Even at that stage, instead of examining, analysing and acknowledging the roots of the unrest, all that the government did was to obtain for itself more and more repressive authority, which it now not surprisingly is directing against the Sinhala people themselves. The beast of PTA that was unleashed against the Tamils in the North and East of Sri Lanka is now roaming South.
We condemn the arbitary deprivation of liberty. Tamil Times associates itself with the already expressed demand of other organisations - political, non-political, trade unions, religious leaders and intellectuals - "Charge them or Release them'.
Last Gamble?
Bandaranaike, however depressing her public playing to the Sinhalese gallery these last 18 months, has been surprisingly candid in her private conversations.
Well placed sources here have reported her apparently genuine anxieties about the gradual destruction of Sri Lanka's political institutions, economy and legal system as the result of the failure to find a solution to Tamil demands. She is even said, by a highly reliable witness, to have expressed her admiration, in private, of the heroism of Tamil youth, in particular Kuttimani. "If they are prepared to die for their cause', she reportedly declared, "then the Sinhalese must respect them, and” (as she put it) "do something more substantial'.
In the event, her own anti-Tamil chauvinism and ambition for power will no doubt overwhelm whatever she may have learned while in 'exile' of the disaster which is engulfing Sri Lanka. After all, a leopardess can no more change its spots than a leopard. But one thing she appears to have grasped, even if she only chooses to admit it in private, that the Tamil cause is serious and irreversible, and that Sri Lanka's economy and institutions are collapsing. Whether she now has the courage to distance herself from the suicidal policies of Colombo is another matter. But the writing is on the wall. And we know that, behind closed doors for five years, she has read it. 8 : . .

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JANUARY 1986
| TULF DEI LNGUST
REATION of a linguistic state with complete legisla powers in the subjects of law and order, land developme the demand of the Tamil United Liberation. Front (TULF).
At the request of the Indian authorities, particularly of the Indian Premier Rajiv Gandhi, the TULF has submitted al set of proposills On the effective devolution of powers to the Tamil people in Sri Lanka. These proposals also represent the response of the TULF to the Sri Lankan goveTin ment’s proposals which Were rejected by the TULF as not meeting Tamil aspirations. According to the TULF proposals, the Northern and Eastern provinces together will constitutica (Tamil) linguistic state in a federal set-up with the rest of the island. The state will hawe , as its constitutional head a Governor, appointed by the President. The legislative powers will be vested in an elected Assembly. The executive powers will be wested in a Council of Ministers headed by a Chief Minister, Each State will have a High Court and subordinate courts.
The TULF also suggests that all those who are not citizens of a foreign country and were i residen L. in Sri Lanka as of November 1981 should be granted Sri Lankan citizenship.
TULF suggests weight age in the State Assembly for the Muslims living in the Tamil linguistic region and adequa Le representation in the island's Parliament for Hill-country (estate) Tamils, who do not live in geographically contiguous äTeils.
History
The recent history of proposals and counter proposals for the solution of the ethnic problem in Sri Lanka goes thus: In the early fifties, the "Federal Party" proposed a federal system. (Hence the unofficial name of thc party).
Towards the latter part of that decade, the then Prime Minister of Ceylon, M T S W R D Bandaranaike drew up proposals for what was described as Regional Councils. The pact was unilaterally abrogated and the proposals were not implemented, In the sixties District Councils Were talked of, but nothing came out. In the latter part of the seventies J R Jayawardene it implemented El scheme of District Development Councils,
Even though the presented as a sc of power from implementation only empty shells.
After the 198 Tamils in Sri La agreed in New proposals, pop Annexure C propi wildet " de culler Provincial Councti harbour coming a dTlinistraticol. ( island, the Presid any attempts top to Parli:11ct, discussio 1s with other political, religious grouping After a ye; discussi, orıs, the P were once again with some opt described by the M Security, Mr. At clichthes, lic:s proposals could iւ հcing presente, լ էlt: "All Piլ implementation v The next stag India-arrangel Lankam gove InT and representativ and TULF, at Himalayan kingd government once off and presented Council propo: Councils auth bicycles, inspect dogs and dr talking about".
Not surprising rejected the pr proclaimed four which they Woul proposals. (1) T constitute a Nati home-land. (3) TI self-determinatic who have adopt motherland be citizenship,
After the

TAMILTIMES3
VMANDS A CSTATE
tive and executive it and education, is
ese were originally helle of dwbluti T1
the Centre, in they proved to be
3 July massacre of Ik:4. the President Delhi to a se of larly known as osals, being part of a it. It envisaged ils With TriT1C{jIl:lco g under Cent Tal in his return to thc ent. Without making resent the proposals intered into lengthy 'I`l_]L F : T1d W:ırib L15 quasi-political and
. ir of protracted resicle Il L's proposals 1 DistricL (CILLI1cils ions which were Ministerf Nati: 1 Lula thudali, als "a
II which Warious chung". In spite of d as the outcome of rty Conference, was postponed.
e started with the l:1|ks betwee11, Sri lcnt representatives cs of Tamil Tı ilitants Thimphu in the III of Bılı ultan. The : again blew the dust I the original District sals granting the brity to "license at Titles, shoot rabid lothing else worth
tly the Tamil groups posals outright and cardinal principles by ld assess any further Tails of Sri Lanka icon. (2) They hawe a They have the right of on, (4) All Tamils di Sri Lankal as thei T
eiled t full
breakdown of the
Thimphu talks, the Sri Lankan representative, Hector Jayawardene, the President's brother, stopped over at Delhi and presented to the Indian authorities a slightly modified proposal which allowed creation of a Prowicial (Culicil i hic Northern Province but only District Councils in the East, Again the powers granted were wery limited.
TULF and the militants rejected these too. The militant groups (LTTE, TELO, EROS & EPRLF) under the LIIIbrella Eelam National Liberation Front (ENLF) declared that they would no longer takt: part in any negotiations with the Sri Lankan government since the government continued to carry on with its military actions, using the talks only as a tactic to buy time; but thcy would not be a hindra ncc i to a Inyone i hawing discussions with the Sri Lankan government. Now the TULF has put forward in detail its own proposals. President Jayawardene found the ball in his court.
He ridiculed the idea of the Chief Minister of the State being sworn in by a Governor as opposed to his proposal of a Chief Executive being appointed by "an elected President", Mr. Amirthalingam, leader of the TULF, retorted that in the event of a conflict of opinion, a confrontation between the Chief Minister and thc til Heck || If the State will hy: , diffTelt significance | Լl confrontation between the regional body and the Country's President.
It is reported that the Government of India is trying to arrange further direct talks between the Sri Lankan government and Tal Ii representatives. It is acknowledged that a lot of spadework needs to be done before both parties meet. The Indian experts on Sri Lanka feel the TULF proposals are eminently reasonable since what is sought approximates to roughly tfie type of provincial autonominy provided for in the Indian Constitution. But some sections of opinion in Delhi. Would like to first narrow down the wide gap still existing between the Sri Lankan government's offer of limited devolution and the TULF delland for greater autonomy, before bringing the two sides to the negotiating table.

Page 4
4TAMILTIMES
Campaign for Release of P Prisoners Gathers Mome
THERE has been a disturbing new development in recent weeks: the widespread arrests of youths in South, apparently on political grounds. Reports regarding some of these arrests have appeared in the press and the Minister of National Security has also made reference to them in Parliament. Yet there is no exact information regarding the number of people taken in or the places where they are detained. Reports that trickle through indicate that some of the detainees were taken into custody on the streets or removed from their homes by night. There are also reports that when a person wanted could not be found by the security organisations, members of his family had been taken in as hostages.
Since these arrests have taken place
under the special powers that the government wields, both under Emergency regulations and the
Prevention of Terrorism Act, there are serious questions which arise regarding the rights as well as the safety of persons taken into custody. Detainees can under these powers be kept in any place the authorities choose, so that they do not enjoy the minimum rights and safeguards enjoyed by those held in normal prisons. They can at the will of the authorities be cut off from access to relatives, friends and lawyers, who remain ignorant even of their place of detention. Under these conditions they can be defenceless against torture or even deprivation of life.
Further where the government is free to arrest and detain persons without the obligation which exists under the normal law to produce them before the courts, there is a grave danger that these powers can be used against members of opposition parties and other organisations which are viewed with disfavour by the authorities so as to stamp out legitimate democratic rights of dissent and criticism.
A meeting of representatives of progressive and democratic organisations, political parties, trade unions and intellectuals which met to discuss the threat to civil liberties and democratic rights presented by this new wave of arrests decided to launch a broad-based campaign to compel the government to act in conformity with the normal processes of law. This is particularly so in view of the fact that no valid evidence has so far been produced to justify the application of Emergency laws or of the provisions of the Prevention of Terrorism Act, to the arrests referred to. We strongly urge the government to desist from the use of these laws to persecute their political opponents.
In the meantime, we call upon the government to make public the names of all those arrested, to give due access to families and lawyers, to ensure that they
are held in humane c from harassment, p torture and death. W inquiries and inv expeditiously condu detainees either relea before the judiciary, laws.
* STOPTHE WITC POLITICALOP
* RELEASE ALL PRISON
* GUARANTEE SA AND IMMUNI HARASSMENT, ILI AND TORTURE O PRISON)
Charles Abeysekera, CROPP, GCSU Buil Road, Colombo 2. 11 D
Convenors of the first held on 9th December 1"
Rev. Batapola Anomadassi Hig Gnanabbiwansa Thero, Rev. Yoh Dodangoda M. P., Reggie Si Jayawardene, Prof. Carlo Fonseka Vivienne Gunawardene, Jayarath Gunawardene, Vijaya Kumaratung Premasiri Kemadasa, Vasudev Gunaratne, Dr. Newton Gunasing Charles Abeysekera, Gunasena Ma Dayan Jayatilleka, H.N. Fernan Abeysekera.
Signatories to the Attac
Rev. Tissa Balasuriya, Centre Frank Jayasinghe, International Radhika Coomaraswamy, Intern Studies, Edmund Samarakkody, R Y. P. de Silva, Sri Lanka M Jayasuriya, Nava Samasarmaja Workers Marxist League, Redley Racial Justice & Equality, Lux Christian Movement, G. D. Dah Guru Sangamaya, Rev. Buddiya Humanitarian Bhikku Organisatic Action Committee, Rani Saverim Fernando, NCC - Developm Abeysekera, Christian Workers Community Education Centre, Industrial Transport & General Palliyaguru, Ceylon Teachers , Journalist, S. R. Winifreeda, Ju Kalpana ISSAC, Journalist, leel: Silva, University Student, Ajit Ser Thisarani Gunesekera, Universi University Student, Laxman Ga Fellowship, D. S. Mallawaa Sarnithiya, Saman Jayalath, Kottegoda, international Centre Salgado International Centre f Chudawansa, L. B. C. L., Ana Peace Commission, Sunanda De Defence of Democratic Rights, Media, T. B. C. Fernando, Ceyl Fernando, Student Christian Mo Christian Movement, Pulsara Committee, Richard Dias, Citiz Harmony, Ainsley Samarajeewa. Democratic Rights, Anand IS Lecturer, G. W. Adams, Univer, Hema Matharage, Wonnen Centri Wanniarachchi, D. A. Gunawa Kunludini Samuel, Movement Equality.
9 December 1985

olitical ntum
hditions and free ysical coercion, ; also urge that 'stigations are led and the ed or produced nder the normal
H-HUNT OF PONENTS
POLITICAL ERS
FETY OF LIFE [Y FROM
TREATMENT F POLITICAL ERS
Co-ordinator, ding, 90 Parsons ecember 1985.
CROPP meeting }85
h Priest, Rev. Wellawatte an Devanamda, Amarasiri riwardena, Prof. Kumari , Prof. Osmund Jayaratne, na Maliyagoda. Sumithra e, Dharmasena Pathirajah, a Nanayakkara, Vijitha he, Dr. Willie Senanayake, hanama, S. G. Punchihewa, do, Sunil Bastian, Sunila
hed Statement:
or Society & Religion, Dr. Centre for Ethinic Studies, ational Centre for Ethinic 2 volutionary Workers Party, ahajana Party, Siritunghe Party, Meryl Fernando, Silva, Movement for Inter man Gunasekera, Student inayaka, Sri Lanka Jathika ama Chandaratana Thero, n, Audrey Rebera, Woment uttu, Sathyodaya, Nimalka ent Commission, Jeffrey Fellowship, Paul Perera, W. L. D. Anton Marcus, Workers Union, Padmini "nion, D. B. S. Jeyaraj, tice & Peace Commission, ISSAC, Lecturer, Primal de undere, University Student, Student, L. K. Gamage, singhe, Christian Workers Ichchi, Eksath Kamkaru iniversity student, Sepali or Ethnic Studies, Nirmala r Ethnic Studies, W. T. da Lal Liyanage. Justice & hapriya, Movement for the riyani Perera, Women and Teachers Union, Marshall ment, Hiran Nomis, Student iyanage, Women Action is Committee for National 4ovement for the Defence of AC, Bandra Senanayake, y Student, Wimal Gamage, R. P. D. Dayananda, W. T. ene, Janaka Wimalaratne, or Inter Racial Justice &
JANJARY 1986
over 200 Sinhala Youths Arrested
INA widespread sweep of the southern, predominantly Sinhala areas of Sri Lanka, the security forces have taken into custody a large number of Sinhalese. The arrests appear to be the start of a general crackdown on all types of opposition to the government. The authorities showed their determination by executing the detentions not only under emergency regulations but under the Prevention of Terrorism Act. Some youths were taken into custody at Dambadeniya for allegedly putting up posters carrying anti-government slogans. Among those arrested is Mr Indika Gunawardena, general secretary of the Movement for Inter Racial Justice and Equality (MIRJE), son of the veteran left leader Philip Gunawardena and brother of Dinesh Gunawardena MP.
Government Version
Official reports allege that those arrested in South Sri Lanka belonged to “New Tendency” faction of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) and conspired to overthrow the government. Another allegation is that this faction was involved with a Tamil militant group in the Nikawaratiya police station raid.
According to Sri Lankan security forces, a raid on a house at Wattegama near Kandy, revealed a cache of arms. Uduwarage Henry Perera, leads this group, according to police sources.
Arrests Under PTA
Since the arrests were under the PTA, the detentions are likely to be for indefinite periods and in the course of their detention some or all of them are likely to be exposed to varying degrees of torture that has become almost a constant accompaniment of detention in Sri Lanka.
Suicide Two months ago, one Sinhala political prisoner, kept and tortured for more than two months, was found mysteriously hanging inside the bathroom, to which prisoners do not have ready access. Doubts were raised as to whether the "hanging” was a cover-up operation.
Official communiques lack So much credibility, that the proverbial pinch of salt is thought to be totally insufficient. If the allegation of a “North-South” connection is true, undoubtedly it introduces a new dimension to the crisis in Sri Lanka. With the tea estate workers also threatening disruptive actions, the government is likely to feel under seige. It has the option of a very disastrous confrontation or a just solution to the ethnic and economic problems.
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Page 5
JANUARY 1986
A DECLAF CEYLONV
1986篇器 NATIOI
The following declaration was adopted at a the CEYLON WORKERS CONGRESS held on President Mr. S.
This joint Illicting of the National Council & Executive Council of the Ceylon Workers Congress held on December 3, 1985 has LLLLLL LLLLLL a LLLLaS LLLLaL LLLLLLLHHLS LL LLL LLGLGLLaa LLL LLSLLLLLLaL Eiction ti Ihleet the clingers and difficulties that presently threaten the plantation workers as well as the other sections of the population,
Why the CWC joined...
The Ceylon Workers Congress joined the Government of His Excclency J. R. Jayewardene and supportcd il through troubled times in the hope and belief that it would solve, among other Thatters, the communal question now popularly known as the ethnic problem. Together with this is the statelessness of 4(X), ()() plantation workers of Tamil origin. Eight years have gone by since this government came to power but these and many other problems still rei Illain un resolved. More thaLIna nything clsc people want peace and security and this they do not now have,
The failure of the government to solve the communal problem no soon crit came to power has brought into being an extremist HHHHLHHH LHHLLLL LLL LLLL LL LLLLL LLLLaLL LLL LLLLLLL separate Tamil state. All thic efforts to solve Sinhalal-Tamil communal differences as a prelude to ending the violence have not so far heen successful. The resulting position is that today the LLLCL mmaaaLLLLL mLmaLGDS a LaL LLLL LLLS LLLL LLLC LL CLLLLC LL virtual sicge with armed extremists, attacking and killing members of thic ScCurity forces who also indulge in similar acts of killing and terror.
Life in the North and East
This is not the time at the place te o apportion i blane || (or responsibility for what has happened but we cannot get away frt II the fact that life in the North and East has been completely disrupt ed., What is disturbing is that there are indications 1hat similar conditions might encroach into the plantation areas. But even IIllyric disturbing is that many Sinhalese have been picrsuaded by extremists among them that cvery Tamil, or at least 99% of them, are with the terrorists and that a war should be waged to exterminate ther,
President Jayewardene, who has taken great pains to find a LLaLLL La LLL aLaL LLLLLLLLS LLLLCL LaaLaLLL LLLL LLLLLLCL LLLLL Tell I Tecting of the government parliament group that only a significantly small percentage of Tamils were terrorists and that the Sinhalese should not fall prey to the "foolish propaganda" that a solution to the ethnic problem lay in killing all the Tamils. It has also been very correctly pointed out that to brand and regard all Tamils as terrorists would only drive more and Thore of them to tu in against the Government.
The CWC SOLI tion
The Ceylon Workers Congress is convinced that violence neither by the Tamil extremists nor the Government Security Forces can solve the ethnic or any other problem. The CWC believes in non-violence and a peaceful dialogue in the Tanner taught by Mahat ina Gandhi and all the great religious leaders of the World. The first thing that IImust be donc immediately by the Government, together with all men and women of goodwill in this СпшпIгу, is to stup this irisane talk about war.
This talk of war is reminiscent of the cry of Dharma Yuddha - a kind of Holy War - by certain extremist politicians which had let
 

TAMILTIMES5
ATIONBY THE NORKERS' CONGRESS
OF PEACE, AMITY AND NAL RECONCILIATION
meeting of the National & Executive Council of December 3, 1985 under the chairmanship of its THONDAMAN, M.P.
to the holocaust of July 1983. This cry of Dharma Yuddha was first LGLLLaLL LLL aaLa K LLLL LLLLtL S SEeCCCL LaL LLLLL CLCMCCLLS published by the ScTLI wil: SicTLtd (City II)cyclopment Society. Ils this slogan heing raised once again. The questic in must also h. asked whether any person who was elected to parliament on the Inandal of the Dharmista program The His Excellency J. R. Jayew: rdene and now cills for Wii Tshoull 1) resign hissea and LLaLLL LaSLLLLCS LLLLt aca LLLa0S L ttt CLLLLL LLL LLLLHCS LLLa LLLS LL LLa aa LLLLLCLLLLL LL LC LL COCLtCCLLL LLL LLLLLS aLSLLLLLLLa mLLLLLL CLLLaLaLaaLaLLaLaL LLLLLL a LLLLLL LLLL LaaLLL LaLL aLaLLLLL LL LLLLLaLLS COTTI ITILI Inity which is. Els ITILIch a part of this multi-racial. Inı Lultireligious and multi-linguistic country is any other community.
D:ly by day the situation is getting Worse, In the circulstances the Ceylon Workers Congress feels that it can no longer remain a spectat Chr waliting for thers ( c) s(olve the problem facing the nation. All these years the CWC has wholeheartcully supported the Government in its efforts to solve the communal prohlem, hut no worthwhile results have been forthcoming. The CWC, LaLLLLLLLS LLL LLL LLLL LLLLLLL SLLLLL LaaLaL aaaL atLLLLLLL LLLLLL but that it illust adopt active. Theisures for positive action thring peace" and HII Inity, between the two communities. The I CILI Intry is today in the throes of a chronic stalcinate in all matters. It has become the duty of every person - workers, peasants, LLLLaLLLLLLLS LLLLLLLC LLLLL LLLLLLa LLLL LLL LLLLHLLLLLLLLK S aa LLLL initiatives to create a new climate that will promote peace, amity and national harmony and thereby solve all outstanding Problems.
The Path of Meditation and Prayer
The way in which the Ceylon Workers Congress can mobilise GCLLLLL LLLLLLaL LL LLLLLLaL LLLLLLLLS LL LLLLLLCL LLLlH LLL LLLLm Tea Thingsul steps to cistablish pcacc and harmony has cingagcd Lur attention for so the time, Ever since the three days of prayer and meditation we had organised in June this year to preparc CILI Tselves with di wie gracę for the task before: Lis, Weh: Yebec) ile increasingly convinced that at this junct lire the path of meditiition and prayer is the only way to steel ourselves for the tasks head and be ready for the sacrifices that may become necessary for LIT non-violent cindicaveurs te o bring pica cc and har II131 y 1 ) ( bur strifictor 1 COLIII try, III Peace, amity and harmony can come about only through a process of national reconciliation. And reconciliation can become a reality only when there is acceptance in thought, word and deed that this island belongs to Eill communities. The Ceylon Workers Congress is fully conscious of thenced to carry the message (f Panchi-Sila, of Dha Tlista, of Peace and National Ricconciliation te o every section of the population, One: if the Tajur stui Tıbbling LLLLLL LLLLHHLLLLLLLS LLatLLL LLLL LLLLHHtlL L LLLLaLaaaL0L LLLLL LLLLLLa LLL Illust be coupled the civic disabilities imposed on certain TLLLLaLLLL LLL LLLGaLGLL LLaaLLL La LLLLLLLCCCC LLLLS CLLaLaLLLL00 LLaaLLLL LL LLLLLLa C LLLLLCCL LLaaLLLL a HLluS LLL a LLLLLLaHa plantation Workers, Statelessness, a result of political victimisation, was legitimised over 35 years ago, and it must he removed forth with for any real improvement in the lot of all plantatin Workers.
LLL LLttLLLLLLL LLLLLLaL LLLL LL LLLLLLLLS LL LLLLLLLCL LLLLLL a declare the year 1986 to be a year of Peace, A Tity and National Reconciliation. From time to time, during the course of the year,
('PFI fired orr Page fi

Page 6
6TAMILTMES
MUTUR BURNS AND B
WE REPRODUCE a letter by Mr. S. Shanmuganathan of Kaddaiparichchan in Mutur and also signed by 430 other chief occupants from Chemaiyoor, Kadatkaraichenai, Sambur, Koonitheevu and Kaddaiparichchan to the Government Agent, Trincomalee.
Copies of the letter have also been sent to the Assistant Government Agent, Mutur; Co-ordinating Officer, Trincomalee; the Cease-fire Monitoring Committee; Mr. E. A. Mahroof, M.P., Mutur; and Mr. Sarath Muttetuwegama, M. P. Kalawana. We, the people of Kaddaiparichan, Chenaiyoor, Kadatkaraichchenai, Sambur and Kunitheevu beg to bring the following facts for your kind and most sympathetic consideration and help.
The people of the above mentioned village are innocent and very peace-loving type. The security forces came into our villages several times and burnt houses, clothes, jewels, vehicles and furniture and caught many of our innocent and guiltless
youngsters and famili and shot them to deat On 27th Novembe forces came to our v twenty-one innocent them to death at Sa took refuge in the S. jungles. Some of til Chenaiyoor temple Security forces from
it injured persons nu
getting Government hospital
treatment
People of these vill in their houses or jungles. Even we are our houses to the fielc
Therefore we take beg of your kind h protection and save u
Though we lost belongings, the distr foodstuffs as relief months ago.
Indian PM Should be a W
“THE final agreement between the Sri Lankan President and the duly authorised representatives of Sri Lanka Tamils should be signed with the Indian Prime Minister present in Colombo", said Mr. Thomas Abraham, former Indian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka. He continued, "the Indian Prime Minister should be present at such an occasion, not as an overlord but as a witness to the historic occasion, to show India's interest and concern for the future well-being of India's neighbour. There should be a
reference to the visit Minister in the joint communique should li Lankan and Indian pa should be a solemn ar that India would no movement that aimec part of the territory Such a secession did t India's attitude, India the new State till Sri first'. '
1986 AYEAR OF PEACE Continued from Page 5
the CWC will announce various campaigns to be undertaken to make
peace and national reconciliation arity,
reality. Directives will also be issued as to how these campaigns should be conducted.
The First Phase of CWC Programme
For a start, as the first phase of the 1986 programme, the CWC has decided to observe the period from January 14, 1986 to April 15, 1986, that is from Thai Pongal Day to the Sinhalese and Tamil New Year Day, as a period of meditation, prayer and meaningful preparation for our campaign to achieve national conciliation through non-violence and peaceful dialogue.
The entire body of plantation workers will be called upon to participate in the CWC programme. Over the years the plantation workers have devoted their time and energy for the prosperity of the industry unmindful of the difficulties and disabilities under which they laboured.
This has been misco blind support for th because of the benefit This relationship of true and can no long plantation workers no their own and enjo privileges and benefit in Sri Lanka enjoy. '' necessary for the pl devote their time forenoon to the pro by the CWC. If tl arranges the workir work without loss of June 1985, continui ensured. •
We are confident workers with the peace-loving people successfully make 1 Peace, Amity Reconciliation.

JANUARY 1986
LEEDS
d men and students :
.
1985, the security llages and arrested
people and shot
nbur. The villagers hools, temples and
le refugees in the were attacked by helicopters and the mbering eight are
at the Mutur
ges are afraid to live 'chenas' or in the afraid to go out of s or to our gardens. their opportunity to onour to grant us from this disaster. our houses and ibution of essential were stopped three
itness
of the Indian Prime
communique. This pe placed both in Sri arliaments and there ld binding assurance ot aid or abet any i at secession of any of Sri Lanka and if ake place in spite of would not recognise Lanka recognised it
nstrued by many as e economic policies
s derived therefrom.
make-believe is not er be sustained. The
w want to come into
y the same rights, s other communities. to achieve this, it is intation workers to every day up to rammes formulated e management reg hours and offers ages, as was done in y of work will be
that the plantation 'o-operation of all in this country will 86 truly a year of
and
A
TROUBLED PARADISE
National
WILLAGESEWACUATED
PEOPLE living close to Nilveli and Kalawanchchikudy police stations in Sri Lanka have been “advised' to evacuate their houses on the grounds that the authorities are expecting attacks by militants. It is reported that the expectation of the attack is based on the recent series of attacks on public buildings in the Eastern Province. Mills belonging to the Paddy Marketing Board had recently been razed to the ground. Buildings in a large government farm at Karadiyan Aru also had been demolished.
Train Service Suspended
TRAIN service to North Sri Lanka, beyond Anuradhapura, has been suspended since mid December, following a bomb blast in a train that was returning to the yard at Maradana after a run from KKS. The blast damaged a carriage and smashed the axles and wheels.
Assassination Attempton LTTE Spokesman
A POWERFUL time bomb exploded at 5 am on 23rd December at the Madras residence of Mr. A. S. Balasingham. He escaped unharmed and accused the Sri Lankan Government of trying to assassinate him and create confusion among the militants.
The bomb ripped through a bedroom wall and tore a hole in the ceiling. The bomb probably was planted on a terrace above the first floor bedroom which Mr. Balasingham had occupied until recentlyThe blast was so powerful that it shattered windows in the neighbourhood and was heard about two miles away.
"It was an assassination attempt against me by agents of the Sri Lankan Government now roaming the streets of Madras,” charged Mr. Balasingham.
South African Armoured
Cars in Sri Lanka
THE SRI LANKAN security forces are using South African made armoured cars, high ranking security sources confirmed in Colombo. It was denied that 48 such vehicles were deployed in the Tamil areas as alleged by the militant group EPRLF. The authorities said that the number of vehicles used was fewer but did not disclose the exact number.
According to the National Security
Minister, the security forces had increased
in number and had been supplied with more sophisticated arms.
Sri Lanka has bought US built helicopters, Italian fighter planes, Israeli patrol craft, British scout cars and Chinese small arms as well as South African armoured cars.

Page 7
JANUARY 1986
CEASE-FIR Strengthens And We
by N. SANMUGATHASAN a veteran Sri Lankan polifician
NYONE observing the ethnic front in Sri Lanka today could be
pardon cd if he were ovcircome with a se 1 se of confusion. There is supposed to he a cease-fire in operation since 18 June 1985, but the two sides see II to have different interpretations about how the cease-fire operates. Although conditions and cu u Inter-conditions weru i bandical about, no onc knows definitely, what the final accepted conditions were or whether there were any conditions at all. After a lot of Wrangling, a cease-fire monitoring commit tec has been appointed although its composition has not been to the satisfaction of the militants,
Both sides have repeatedly and wchemently accused each other of serious violations of the cease-fire. To an observict, even judging from biased reporting in the controlled press, it is clear that the armcd forces are continuing their "scarch and dc stroy operations. As a result, a large number of militants as well as a greater in Limbu (finnocents - whose Ilu Inbers it is impossible to estimate-have been killed. A large Inu Inbcr of houses have been burnt and damage to property has been considerable.
Already one of thc more militant groups is said to have declared that it would not observe the cease-fire. Some of the militant groups have violated the cease-fire on the plea that they are retaliating against the army's offensive. While this can bc understood, the senseless killing of civilianshy militants cannot be condoned, My fervent hope is that these arc actions of ill mature. irregular groups functioning outside the control of the main militant groups. The duty clearly falls on the main groups to disciplinic the miscreants so that the whole movement is not brought into disrepute.
Why Kill?
Wiolence by thc security forces seeins to have been Worst in the Trincoln alcc, Mulaitiwu and Wawuniya districts. These lipTEL dations halwe bee caTTied out on the theory that the militants were getting ready for an offensive and therefore the military had to act. A great number of those killed Inay in reality be totally innocent civilians. No inquiry has ever been held to find out how many of the people’so killed ever had fire-arms with the I.
One question no one seems to have had the guts to raise - why is it necessary to shoot to kill? Surely, can't they be mained by shooting below the knce and captured" Infortunately, il sccms to have be come
the practice to shoot and kill even motor
cyclists, without any proven-political
associations, for having ohcyed the the security force whelläIll thLIs | Slı(yuki Hıt bitkilci
Strengthened
Was it agreed a canne into operati detenus in the E wuld be released" done. When the committee visited that the detenus, si detained for over til clothing.
Everyone is awa haь шsted thс орpног to strengthen its är sophisticated är ms the cease-fire has be of the governme. militants.
Disadvantage The Tilitants ti against their own of the heavy pre Indian governmen government wante it had been drive some breathing tin In the Tuc interi Presiden dicclaT climinate the "ter Clearly 'hic does no of a peaceful soluti The militant grol have rejected-and the last proposal Lankan governme provincial councils demand for a single based on the Incrg. Eist; and støTful II such an area. Cle: continuation of t| slight,
Soured relatio This uncertain pi government in anol sprca di confusion a I also soured rel: Tiliants and th Linfortunate but ine of military and polit by a period of in Hippear 10 (o hav strengthen the 1st militarily. On the c have allowed their people to deteriora

TAMILITMES 7
bakens
ht: silnole fall Lull of nel 'signal to stop. Cannot si direct the fire at the kde mobilise the rider?
Government
the time the cease-fire I thil hic: sl)) ir Tigre li pos ili detention , caI Imp. If so this has not been Ce:Se-fire monitoring the camp, they found omne of whic T1 had bccm year, had no change of
r: that the gover IIIlent Turnity if the ceilse-fire Imed forces Ind import -There is no doubt that 'en more in the interests Int, than that of the
di Militats gTeed to a ccase-fire, interests, only because ssure exerted by the [... BLIt, ' the Sri LihTk it case-fireles 1t & IgT | it reele le to recoup its losses, Wiew with BBC the di thilf The would Iorists" within a year. It havc the possibilities I) I1 i I u II IiIII. ipsas well as the TU TILF |rightly SC in my wiew – but forward hy the Sri it. They have rejected and Icicr:lted their Tamillinguistic region :T (bf thé:"Naʼır[hid thc "egional autonomy for irly, the basis for the he cease-fire is very
S.
:riod has benefited the her Way as well. It has Tit Ing the milit:Arhts a Iud tions between the e people. This is -vitable when a period ical activity is followed tivity. The militants : Lised this period to :lves politically and on trary, thcy seem to
relationship with the ...
Political Immaturity
This is due to Ilothing but political iTITL1: turity al Intl ta 1 hic lack of understanding of the correct relations that should exist betwccin a guerilla army and the people. Many of the militant groups profess to the Marxist-Licminists hutoit is doubtful how much of it they have understood and digested.
Even at this stage they should understand the correct relations that should exist between an army that fights for the people and the people. Nobody has explained this question better ihan Challirrhina II Math Tsct LIng. It was he which trained a Peoples' Army to fight a Peoples' War while leading the protracted Chinese Revolution which he led to total victory in 1949. Hic taught "the ar Tiny must become one with the people so that they sce it as their own army. Such an arily will be invincible." "Again, "wherever, our Cor 11 racles go, they must build good rclatik ons with the II mässics, he concerilletl for them and help them overcome their difficultics. We must unite with the Ilasses; the Ilore if the Tissis. We unit with the Ene :T,"
Chairman Mac paid such importance to this quest in that he formulated three main rules of discipline and cight points for attention of the Peoples' Liberation Army (then called the Red Army). "They formed an important part of the political work of the Red Army and played a great role in building the peoples' armed forces, handling relations within the army correctly, forging Lity with the Tlassics of the people and laying down the correct policy of the pcoples" :Ermyl towards captives. From the earliest days of the Red ArTTny, Comrade Mao Tsetung required soldiers to spcak politely to the misses, pay fairly for all purchases and never impress people into forced labour or hit or swear at pe pole,"
The three main rules of discipline which Were set out in the spring of 1928 Were as fill Wys:
s!) ČJoeyarder, in all ναr r λειτία η και,
(2) Dorict rake a single needle or piece of I read/ror the Flasses, TT
(3) Turt in everything captured,
The eight points for attention set out in the summer of 1928 were als follows:
( ) Speak positely, (2) Puy fairly for Hohur you huy. (3) Resurreverything you lorrow. (4) Pay for dryf hingyar dariage. (5 It To hit or swear at people, (Ċ) II Do rior darriage εrυμς, "" t (7) Dr Jr frke Eeries with worrier. (8) (), "Tror il-freer caprives. It is because the Chinese Peoples' Liberation Army was huilt hy Man on such sound principles that it became a real Peoples' Army which was welcomed and supported by the people wherever it went.
Lorinà ಬಿಳಿಚಿಕ್ಜೆ**

Page 8
8 FARMËTIMES
Cease-Fire
Continued from page 7
Unless the Tamil militants digest these wise teachings of Mao, they are going to face serious difficulties in their path.
However distorted may be the reports we get about recent happenings in the North, there can be no doubt that some of the militant groups or other forces acting in the guise of militant groups have indulged in serious anti-social and antipeople activities which have earned the
righteous indignation of the ordinary man. .
There is no need for us to be specific. We only wish to stress that unless this kind of anti-social and anti-peoples' activities are not put an end to there would be a severe strain on the good relations that once existed between the militants and the people. The militants cannot be complacent about such an outcome. The only beneficiary would be the government.
Another question over which the militants have repeatedly blundered is that of how to solve contradictions among the people. It was Mao again who taught us that there are two types of contradictionsone between the people and the enemy and the other that among the people - and that these two are totally different in their nature and that they have to be handled differently. He taught that the contradictions between ourselves and the enemy are antagonistic contradictions while, within the ranks of the people, contradictions are non-antagonistic and should be resolved by different means. He also taught that the only way to settle questions of an ideological nature or controversial issues among the people is by the democratic method of discussions, of criticism, of persuasion and education, and mot by the method of coercion and repression.
He also warned that if the nonantagonistic contradictions among the people are not handled properly, they could turn into antagonistic ones. That is why we like to point out that kidnapping, torture and execution of comrades who differ from usin one form or another is not a method of solving contradictions and must be condemned. Such methods only make the contradictions more acute and earn a bad name for the movement that indulges in such activities.
It is to be hoped that the militants will self-criticise themselves and learn not to repeat these mistakes. Too many precious lives have been unnecessarily lost.
JOB MARKETSHRINKS
Shadows are falling across the job market in the Middle East. Failing oil revenue is one reason. But more significant is the fact that about two million Arab students in schools and universities outside Middle Eastern countries will be seeking employment in a year or two. After that, expatriates will be needed in these countries only for non-skilled jobs.
"SATU
One consequence ethnic conflict in Sri L. of thousands of refuge gigantic relief and reh for President Jayewarc The total number since the anti-Tamil vi Lanka in July 1983 i 250,000.
About 40,000 of th majority Sinhalese con been driven out of thei the northern and eas Tamil guerrillas fight state in what they cal homelands'.
The others are Tam of whom have take southern Indian state c The rest are scatt camps scattered throu and eastern provinc heartland of the Ta taking the bulk of then In September anc Jaffna had to accomm refugees (4,534 famili and Trincomalee distr forces had run riot, u on civilians, and whe several attacks by gue refugees come on top C people who have been since 1983.
The Sinhalese refug who had been settled i for decades and mig They have been fairly political reasons the G prompt in instituting r The media, too, has to their plight so that moved to join in the rel But the Tamils unfortunate. Many pe not even aware that a such magnitude exist east because the m ignored them, high guerrilla attacks, parti civilians.
Government assi confined to providing value of Rs.55 a week up to Rs. 200 for a fam time when a half-k RS.2.75.
At a conference cor problems of the nor government administ Panchalingam, con refugee problem h magnitude that it had seek the helping governmental agenci after the welfare of effectively. What wa way of aid by the go' adequate to meet th refugees.” w
The independent, Saturday Review, ha for international as

JANUARY 1986
RDAY REVIEW" APPEALS
the continuing ka is the creation , who now pose a ilitation problem
ne's Government.
indered homeless lence in south Sri stimated at over
m belong to the nunity. They have homes and jobs in ern provinces by g for a separate their “traditional
ls, nearly 100,000 refuge in the Tamil Nadu.
red in makeshift hout the northern es, with Jaffna, mils, temporarily
October alone, odate 19,000 new es) from Vavuniya cts where security nleashing reprisals e there have been
rrillas. These new
f the steady flow of fleeing the violence
ees include people n the two provinces gratory fishermen. lucky, because for bvernment has been
lief measures. given wide publicity the public has been ief effort. have been very ple in the south are refugee problem of in the north and dia has generally ighting only the
‘ularly on Sinhalese
tance is mostly iry rations - to the to a single person, ly of eight. This at a o of bread costs
fened to discuss the hern refugees, the ator of Jaffna, M. assed that "the grown to such
ecome necessary to
hand of nons in order to look e displaced people made available by rnment was hardly basic needs of the
fina-based journal launched an appeal tance through the
foreign diplomatic missions in Colombo - to tackle what it described as "a mindboggling situation'.
It said: "Almost all the affected people fled their homes with only the clothes they were wearing. Most of them have to get into their birthday suits to do a change of clothing - tattered shirts, sarongs, trousers and sarees, which they wash and hang to dry while they sit in their corners pondering their cruel fate. In some camps the women do not have even such things as sanitary pads or substitutes . . ."
The Saturday Review has launched its own relief fund which has netted Rs.400,000 so far. But, as we said in an editorial comment, this amount is a "drop - a tear-drop in the ocean - compared to the immensity of the problem.”
Food, clothes, fuel and drugs are required immediately. The danger of disease breaking out in the camps is everpresent. Most of the camps are school and temple premises where water and sanitation facilities are grossly inadequate. There have been about 50 deaths from dysentery and diarrhoea. Most affected are the children, who are badly in need of milk foods.
Talks between the guerrilla leaders and the Government have been going on since June but even after an accord on the ethnic problem is worked out the long-term problem of re-settling the uprooted people, by providing housing and unemployment, will remain.
This will need resources that the Government cannot find unless it cuts its development programme, imposes more taxes, borrows still more heavily abroad or prunes defence expenditure. The defence bill this year is expected to reach Rs.5.5 billion — 12 per cent of the total government budget.
The resettlement cost for 100 families has been worked out by some private relief organisations as Rs. 1.3 million. This is an indication of the vast amounts that. would be required to rehabilitate all the: affected people.
Oxfam, Redd Barna, Norad and several other non-governmental organisations have come forward with assistance for both short-term and long-term relief, but much more is needed. . . .
“Help, please; help immediately" is the plea of the Saturday Review to the international community.
SCOT RESPONDS
in the issue dated 21 December 1985, "The Saturday Review" carried the following account
There are kind and caring sauls all over the World, who will rush to the rescue of people who are affected by calamities of one sort or another.
Like the Standing Committee of Tamilspeaking-People (SCOT) of London, which has sent f3,000 (Rs 120,000), the highest individual donation so far to the Saturday Review Refugee Relief Fund.
an

Page 9
JANUARY 1986
WHo WANTSSA
by K. R. Manikkan
On the eve of the inaugural meeting of South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC), the Pakistan President General Zia ul Haq said “India must play a positive role to allay the fears of the small neighbours and instil trust and confidence in them. With the recognition that there is nobody big or small, India must realise that all states are equal, independent and autonomous'. General Zia has also identified religion as a distinctive feature in the region. Three of the SAARC nations - Pakistan; Bangaladesh and Maldives - are Muslim majority areas; India also has a large Muslim population which is larger than Pakistan's, he said. : At the inaugural meeting President Jayawardene of Sri Lanka caused astonishment by calling upon the Indian Prime Minister to lead the organization, with the words - “On him we rest our hopes. He must not fail us. He cannot. Our duty is to help him to the utmost. He should tell us what each of us should do and we must respond as best as we can”.
It is quite clear who wants SAARC. India is more than twice the size of the other six countries put together and has more than three times their population. The association could not exist unless India agreed it should exist.
The display of public humility by the Sri Lankan President hides the real intentions. The smaller countries around India need SAARC more than India. They need it to feel that they too stand on level with the giant India.
wel, les See haw (fieh:Ziaქ0és QbOut expandii ič5
Scope. М
At the same the organisati which to cont Soon afte Bahadur Sha Minister of Congress Pa and persuade that time re Indira Gandh Their expecta promoted he amenable to t
Presidents Huq and othe Gandhi to a arena. Their likely to be expectations vis-a-vis Ind through their cannot fail to accordingly.
SAARC is Geographical associations linked groupil sacrosanct p. ideologies, ar stage in the p the whole wol the peoples of having com endogenous tı together for th for the upliftm
This noble allowed to be or corrupted glory-seeking that saw the around think
N
N
ܔܔܔܛܛ SSSSSANDSR š YJJA
NANTANAVA By Courtesy of The Hindu S Ñš
F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ARC2
time they also perceive on as an instrument with rol and restrain India.
the death of Lal stri, the Second Prime ndependent India, the ty bosses, encouraged d the reluctant and at latively inexperienced i to accept the top post. tion was that, since they , she would always be heir wishes.
Jayawardene, Zia ul irs are promoting Rajiv top position in a wider expectations are not far different from the of the Congress bosses ra Gandhi. She saw machinations. The Son see the parallel and act
if
s a noble concept. ly determined regional rather than distantly ngs based on supposedly olitical and economic e likely to be the next olitical development of ld. It is appropriate for f the SAARC countries, mon cultural and aditional links, to work heir own betterment and ment of all mankind. purpose should not be : diluted, circumvented by strutting, selfish despots. The turkey peacock dance whirled ing that it also could
TAMILTIMES9
dance equally well or even better, goes the ancient saying. A feeling of self-importance to justify their existence might be tolerable of small
countries. But a sinister plot to
dissipate the energies of a genial giant is not. 2。
There is room for further natural expansion of SAARC. It is surprising why Mauritius was left out of the inaugural gathering. Mauritius and Seychelles and perhaps at a later stage Afghanistan should be included in the South Asian Association.
"OCEAN PEACE CONFERENCE POSTPONED"
INDIA has expressed her deep disappointment at further postponement of the International Conference on the Indian Ocean, probably until 1988. India attached great importance to the early convening of the conference in Colombo as a necessary step for the implementation of the General Assembly declaration on the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace, said the Indian delegate to the UN General Assembly's ad hoc Committee on Indian Ocean
The tense situation in the Indian Ocean and its increasing militarisation made it imperative to pursue the concept of the Zone of Peace more vigorously than before. The conference would provide an appropriate forum to arrive at agreements that would govern the use of waters of the Indian Ocean solely for peaceful purposes and more importantly the reduction and eventual elimination of external military presence from the area. : The political committee adopted the consensus resolution that requests the ad hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean to complete preparatory work relating to the international conference during 1986 in order to enable the opening of the conference at Colombo at an early date soon thereafter but not later than 1988.
The consensus resolution implies agreement by all permanent members of the Security Council, the major maritime users of the Indian Ocean and the littoral and hinterland states for full and active participation and co-operation in the conference. . . . . . - The United States and other major Western powers have been insisting that the present international climate is not conducive to the holding of an international conference on the Indian Ocean.
The Indian delegate, Savitri Kumadi, reminded the Committee that it was the very seriousness of the situation in the Indian Ocean, caused by the military presence of great powers, which necessitated the early convening of the conference.

Page 10
10TAMILTIMES
TRADITIONAL
the truth and m
ANY SITUATION gives rise to vested
interests. Even
desperate
situations
provide particular individuals and groups with narrow advantages which they may try to exploit. The Sinhalese Tamil conflict has not shown itself to be an exception.
Some of the Tamil demands made at the Thimpu peace talks and the protests voiced both in Sri Lanka and India against the holding of those talks rather clearly reflected vested interests and not the true interests of the Sinhalese and Tamils.
Ironically enough, hardliners on both Sinhalese and Tamil themselves, temporarily perhaps, united in a long-distance marriage aimed at defeating the purpose of the talks: the
Tamil side by making,
government called, demands", and the Sinhalese by refusing to see any merit even in sitting down with
the Tamil groups.
sides
found
what the
“impossible
The four most controversial Tamil demands will be examined in this article.
They are the claims of nationality, self-determination, traditional homelands, and the amalgamation of the Northern and Eastern Provinces.
The two basic themes of this article are first, that these Tamil demands (or positions staked out) are not acceptable as presently articulated, but, second, that the Tamil rights (or interests) these demands are intended to promote are acceptable, and in fact will have to be given governmental recognition if any settlement reached is to be enduring.
distinct
National Self-determination
To those influenced by the Western (Anglo-American) political tradition, the elevation of an ethnic group into the more politicized category of a
provided an intellectual
"nation”
and moral
platform from which a struggle for national independence may be launched
and then justified.
The Ibos of Nigeria couched their struggle for Biafran independence on this basis. But neither in Nigeria nor for that matter in India or the United States were the aggrieved minorities recognized by their respective governments as nations. There were sound reasons for this.
In the Western tradition, a “nation" is generally agreed to be a grouping of people who share a common past and vision for the future that includes full promise of independence. In practical terms, a nation is the largest grouping that effectively commands the loyalty of the people.
Thus, if the Nigerian Ibos, Indian Sikhs or American Blacks had been recognised by their respective governments to be nations, it would have been a tacit
autonomy and
acknowledgment
the
that
their
primary
loyalty would not be to states, but to their own" obviously unacceptable. Now it may be true bitterness generated by the Tamils do not in towards the Sri Lankan : be true that a prev
conception of Sri Lank:
inspiration from chronic
past categorizes the
invaders.
Therefore, it coul
acknowledging the Tam
would be merely to reco
fact. But what exists tod the ideal to be "frozen'
the coming decades. In affiliations that a pe (ranging from family
country), the most enco is the ideal that should b
At this time in wo
realities of internation
established that the large country. Loyalty to Sri I. entity as a whole, shoulc primacy over other sectic
Perhaps at some futu loyalty will grow beyon
encompass a whole re South Asia composed, i
Lanka, of India, Pakis and Nepal) and from mankind as envisage
religions.
In contrast to the Wes an Eastern European pc which a nation is not s
such but rather as a creation or a "communi
In terms of this “nations" may coexist w
. structure. The Sov
Yugoslavia are example a multitude of ethnic gro are designated as “natio This has simply got t by the government a people. Sterile debates are justified or not in f do is no longer the poi satisfactorily resolve tragedy that afflicts mo To this end, the cl
may be given recogniti
manner: first, by ackr Lanka is composed of communities none c favoured by law; sec these communities is but together form ol each community po autonomy within a country. These princi and moral basis for fet separation.
. An alternative fo

JANUARY 1986
OMELANDS:
yths
heir respective tion'. This was
lat due to the he ethnic strife ct feel loyalty ate. It may also ling Sinhalese that derives its s of the ancient amils as alien
be argued, s to be a nation nize an existing y is by no means and carried into he hierarchy of son may have to village to mpassing loyalty striven for. - “ld history, the al politics have st such unit is the anka, the island, therefore, take bnal loyalties. re date the ideal d the country to gion (such as a in addition to Sri tan, Bangladesh hereon to all of i in the great
tern, there is also litical tradition in een politically as natural, cultural y of sentiment".
adition, several thin one political et Union and
of countries with ...
ups most of which s'. ޑި
hether the Tamils ling the way they - the point is to he most terrible erm Sri Lanka.
ms of the Tamils in the following wledging that Sri our major ethnic
which shall be
Id, that none of
itself a "nation”.
and third, that sses a right of ommonly shared s offer a political ation, but not for
ulation of these
by Jehan Perera
be acknowledged, d the Sinhalese
εί
same principles can be derived by using the distinction between "nation' and “nationality” drawn by Prof. H. W. Morris-Jones who recently lectured in Sri Lanka. According to him, a nationality refers to a group of people with a clear identity in terms of language and a homeland, but which is compatible with membership in a large nation. -
The use of the term “nationality" is therefore less controversial than "nation". In fact there is today a de facto recognition of the Sri Lankan communities as nationalities. Thus there could be explicit recognition of the Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims as nationalities with limited rights of self-determination, specifically excluding secession but emphasizing those rights that ensure security and the preservation of cultural identity.
Secessionist tendencies in ethnically divided countries such as Nigeria and Canada have more or less perished in such an environment.
: The Tamil demand with regard to traditional homelands is one that is presented in terms of a historical right. It bears a curious kinship to Sinhalese claims, for instance that the island is a “Sinhala-dveepa", and is similarly based on a mixture of fact and myth.
It must be remembered that history can be argued and interpreted in more than one way. For instance, Prof. Jerry Pieris, using data compiled in the British period, has shown that broadly speaking only a rather narrow coastal strip of the Eastern Province was occupied by Tamil settlements.
Thus, the Eastern Province has gained the status of a “homeland" in Tamil eyes partly because of recent events that have made clear to them their vulnerability in Sinhalese-majority areas.
But satisfying. ... these - political imperatives by “reserving” the Northern and Eastern Provinces for Tamils is hardly a practicable solution because it runs counter to any accepted concept of national unity or economic efficiency.
For instance, a study done by the Marga Institute has demonstrated that both the Northern and Eastern Provinces would suffer from a severe manpower shortage in a few years if future land colonization were to be reserved for Tamils because there simply are not enough Tamils to fill it up to its economic optimum without causing economic dislocations elsewhere. It is observable, however, that in ethnic conflicts, rationality falters before emotion. The process of coming to a conclusion on an emotion-charged issue seldom begins with a premise (or reasoned argument) from which a conclusion is subsequently worked out.
Continued on Page Ió

Page 11
JANUARY 1986
NAT
NATION
TRADITIONA
LL LLLLLL LHaLLL LaLLLLLLLaa LLLL LLL LL LLLLLS S S LaLLLLLLLS LLLLLL S HLLLaLLLLSS S HHat publicly acknowledges the alienation of the Tamils from the Sri Lankan polity and calls for a "governmental recognition of Tamil rights”, BLIt liberial inte titoris Te not synonymous with intellectual clarity Cur in-depth Lunderstanding of Sri Lanka's
national II phenomencon. Soilletics expressions of such intentions bec. Ille (thing more than journalistic baldı:TLdash.
According to chan Percra there is a certain "concept" of nation in the Western political tradition and a certain different Concept of nation in the East European tradition and since Sri Lanka is a dell cracy (sic) belonging the West: LITEdition the Tam il-5 pealking people CAT 1101 ble gıt Cd the stat.Lus (pf al "That iç ) n'. But he misses the most vital element, almost a self-sustaining clement in the whole concept of mai anlı ool. It is the C}nsciousness of and expression of that consciousness by the people concerned that Tallers. The nation can hardly be viewed as the conser Illent of a status on a people by an outside agency.
Whill is a nation Hugh Sea Wats önce of Tercd El seemingly simple answer: "Many people have tried to find a definition but it seeins to me, after a good deal of thought, that all that We can say is, that a nation exists. When an active and fairly. In Limicrous section of its illembers are C.I.Vinced that it exists. Not external objective charact cristics, but subjective conviction is the decisive factor. ... Notic that I do not even say, when the Inenbers belie'ye, but when a section of its III e Inbers helicve",
It is the Tamil speaking people who dcle:TIThille that they are al nation. Tot hem it : d'Ot:5. Il ut. IThat LCT wht:ther the Jayewardene brothers and the UNP government belong to the western political tradition, East European political tradition, no democratic political tradition at all Fifty years ago the Tamils dicl Iıut I c31siclcr therTı5elwe5 : 1:ıtichn. A. hLI Indred ycELTS sig, they w Luld not hai ve considered hemselves a nation. Tuday they consider themselves a nation. The periodisation will be appreciated by any one who knoWs what nationalism is all about.
it
EMERGENCE
The energence of nations has taken place is under differently historical circumstances. The circumstances were created, albeit uncv.cnly, in different
BW
A Replytc
places at differe etlin bc Lil tul Tall ml; expansion of th production or whi d's Tibc is Wirl Wi Lill: Si willultll titlt liiwլ: Conscitusness -- Cor Nii ti nalism is : particularistic. F. allis T1, Taa Illil nationalis III, Poli: turniversal Р particularising circumstances in in WestcITT I ELIT EasteIII i Europic A. Tigrica, Africa differ among the phemomenal of Sol many similarities One cannot dump in one academich to lit Sri La Inka.
Tertis. , terminology ini Situtions, or II phenomena of In Which are "corhy purposes should people, with con: There are la themselves with : Çorresponding Ilal who do not have may aspire to hay such groups ar. ntimilitie5.Si distinction betwee and Lnclear and CIIIl Illi II te IIIl "Il: a Lr Lully "national s än "unbirabil: complete nation There is : Sri L; Sri Linki nation" Lankan mation by
Tills is, 1 : [[];': 'W']['lu The Sikil at tenuated by des nationality, and in Tamil-speaking p restivci mercly bic
H

TAMILTIMES 11
IALITIES,
LHOMELANDS
"AMALI
| Jehan Perera
Int tilles, in different trices by thic global e capitalist Inode of at some would prefer to
l-wide illustrialisatiril.
inhalics and the Tails acquired their present cWillved inlinatins. it conce universal and ele SihiltiTil tillis Welsh sh nationalism etc.. = 1 heIlenon With adjectives. The which Ilations cIncrged "Cape, un in Central and North and Slith and Asia, considerably :Tisy. Til till Ith Asian Countries bear and are comparahle. USA, India, Nigeria all asket and pull out a cap
wewer, a probleIn y cof dealing with different 1:111ifestations (If the äiti ylällisim. BLITT labels, Jenient for acadcmic n't blu flisted in : stitutional implications. ions which identify state and States wil huit ins, There il re na tirs heir Winstates. Or Who 'ch their yw Instites, and : conveniently called The scholars view the In the two s: Ilbiwallcrn L. prefer the use of a litional minoritics". But tate' remains the ideal, : symbiosis between a and a completic state". kali State, Where is the ol) es irle create a Sri describing the Sinhalese ionalities as opposed to Sinhala hegemony wer State ble in any way scribing the Sinhalese a It al II: tibi'?' ()r will iht: eople be rendered less cause they are granted
the status I of a na titirhiality to :Intl moi : Il ti'?
STATE-LESS MATOMS
Two or more nations Inay decide to live under a single state with appropriate constitutional arrangements. It is the Ilation which perceives itself to be the victim of (ppression and discrimination, which generally seeks to seccide from the oppressor state and establish a state of its WT, "The Luc TT1c of such "nätin Til liberation venture is often, if not always, determined by the relative strength of the two sides and the Tile if Lisicle forces. The outcomic may be a prolonged impasse,
But there is no general law, as Jehan Percra would appear to claim, when he says that "at this time in world history the realities of international politics have established that the largest (such) unit is the country". On the contrary, it may well he argued that it is the reality of nationstates which determine the course of international politics. The relationships Ilay well be described is dialectical The nation-states have been the building blocks of the present international system, As a rcisulti bf the ir termationalisation of capital, of industry and division of labour, the old criterion of economic viability for individual nation-states this becule redundant. This is the era if small states and Inini-Ih:ation:alisms , :and Th: Lis In-silia Les can survive withiu self-sufficient resources, without even a national mflrket, Illercly by Occupying, as Eric Hobsbawm has pointed out "a strategic position somewhere along the curilplex circuits of an integrated World economy" and exploiting it generate ana dellate Ina LibhalilCJIlle. In Cather worls, "it this time in World history", nations, which du rt have states of thcir wn and which Hr: victims of persistent discrimination and oppression, are less likely to be inhibited by considerati ırıs, of Size çır ecırıkırı iç Wizibility in deLilling 10 Work towards the establish ment of sepal Talte states.
Hi, w di Inähtien-sites :ig:Linst whom the separatist demands are raised, deal with such kide:Illi Ills, I'll thic II w:Thints, which give rise to them'? l will confirle III lyself to the 5-called two traditions referred to by Jehan Percra. One cannot speak of the Weste TT) political tradition and of Indial in Tela Iie III, 1) the rıHiinal ques Liturn Hill fail Lu Imeritio ii s LLC-h relev;rn L features { if thesco politics as the clherence to the principle (l secularism, ¿Vilance of linguistic
Prir Fried for Farge 7

Page 12
12TAMLTMS
THE PROSPECTS FOR
Professor A. Jeyaratnam Wilsor
. - • - - བ་ ། མ་ལྷ་ལ་གཞི་མ་ལ་མ་ས་ལ་ཟབ་
BEFORE we attempt an answer to this contemporaneous question, the evidence of historians must be invoked to establish the fact of the Tamil presence in Sri
Lanka. A. L. Basham states that
“Dravidian infiltration into Ceylon must have been going on from the earliest historical times and probably before" (in “Prince Vijaya and the Aryanization of Ceylon', The Ceylon Historical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3, January 1952, p.67), G. C. Mendis opines that the Waddas probably lived in southern India and walked across before the island got separated from the mainland by a stretch of sea (The Early History of Ceylon, Colombo, 1946, p.3). K. M. de Silva in his A History of Sri Lanka (London, 1981) is more explicit. He records that "in the second half of the
fourteenth century . . . Jaffna under the Aryacakravartis was much the most powerful kingdom in the island . . . their
tax collectors were at work on parts of the Gampola kingdom” (p.84). Of pertinence is his reference to the Vanni chieftaincies. These, de Silva writes, bordered the Tamil northern kingdom as well as “the eastern littoral outside the control of the two major kingdoms" (Sinhalese and Tamil, p.84). These chieftains, he states, “owed allegiance to one or other of the two major kingdoms," . . . which during much of this period, “meant an accommodation with the Tamil kingdom" (p.85). De Silva very kindly identifies these chieftaincies for us in page 85, footnote 6 of his history:
the Vanni chieftaincies may be classified under five groups: those of Jaffnapatam, of Trinconnalee on the East, the Mukkuva chieftaincies of Batticaloa on the East; the Puttalam on the North-west, the Vadda chieftaincies; and those of the Sinhalese Vanni
De Silva's conclusions were already sustained by K. Indrapala in his "The Origin of the Tamil Vanni Chieftaincies of Ceylon" (The Ceylon Journal of the Humanities, Vol. 1, No. 2, July 1970, pp. 111-40), by S. Pathmanathan's *Feudal Polity in Medieval Ceylon: An Examination of the Chieftaincies of the Vanni (The Ceylon Journal of Historical and Social Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2, July. December 1972, pp.118-30) and by S. Arasaratnam in "The Vanniar of North Ceylon: A study of feudal power and central authority, 1660-1760" (The Ceylon Journal of Historical and Social Studies; Vol. 9, No. 2, July-December 1966, pp. 101-12. K. M. de Silva notes that by the middle of the fourteenth century, “the Jaffna kingdom had an effective control over the north-west coast up to Puttalam” (op. cit., p.85). . * Another way of establishing the fact of the existence of an independent Tamil kingdom owing no allegiance to any superordinate all-island ruler is by determining whether such a kingdom has a separate coinage system of its own.
Professor A. Jeyar Professor of Politic University of Perade
Presently (since Wilson is Professor and Chairman of t Political Science, L Brunswick.
Professor Wilson from LSE, in 1956, awarded the earned of D.Sc.(Econ.) by London.
Professor Wilson Research Scholar, L. 65, he was Universit in Politics at Leic England. In 1970. Associate in M, Montreal and in 197 Research Fellow at Manchester. In 1977 was Senior Researc Columbia University York and Visiting Ft College, Oxford, lt, 1985, he was Visitit College.
Professor Wilson for 1986-87 as on Professors at th Manchester. The P. established in Manchester indust, of Wythenshawe.
Dr. Wilson is the standard works Cambridge Ur Macmillan, London and Company, lo Frances Pinter, Lon besides written :
learned journals).
H. A. I. Goonetilek is useful here. In hi: Ceylon Coins
Goonetileke refers ti "The forgotten coir Jaffna', C.A.L.R., 1920, pp. 172-79. C (The Ceylon Journ Social Studies, Vol.
the bull, crescent a Saivaite emblems. impression created
 

JANUARY 1986
PEACE IN SRI LANKA
University of New Brunswick
etnam MVilson was Il Science at the niya (1969).
1972), Professor f Political Science e Department of niversity of New
obtained his Ph.D.
In 1977, he was senior doctorate the University of
was a Leverhulme SE (1955). In 1964y Research Fellow ester University, -71, a Research cGill University, -72, Simon Senior the University of Professor Wilson h Associate at the in the City of New low, St. Antony's the summer of g Fellow, Nuffield
has been elected of three Simon 2 University of ofessorships were hemory of the alist, Lord Simon
author of several (Published by versity Press, Christopher Hurst don (edited) and on (edited). He has veral articles in
, the bibliographer,
“A Bibliography of
and Currency", S. Gnanaprakasar's ge of the Kings of
Vol. 5, Pt. 4, April onetileke observes
of Historical and No. 2, p.207)
trident are clearly The prima facie these features and
the Tamil characters of the legend is that the
coins belong to a line of Saivaite Tamil
kings ruling in Ceylon.
When Sri Lanka was declared a republic
in 1972 and framed its own constitution,
detailed provision for the use of the Tamil language in judicial proceedings in the Northern and Eastern provinces. was made in Article II, Subsections : 1-5. President Jayawardene's government was more specific in providing for the use of the Tamil language in the Second . Republican Constitution it framed in 1978. a
Unfortunately these provisions are observed more in the breach but nevertheless the proviso to Article 22 of the Constitution is worth noting. It states that "the Tamil Language shall also be used as the language of administration in the Northern and Eastern Provinces" while the proviso to Article 24 which deals with judicial affairs affirms that
the language of the courts exercising original jurisdiction in the Northern and Eastern Provinces shall also be Tamil and their records and proceedings shall be in the Tamil language. For all intents and purposes therefore the Jayawardene government and its predecessor government had in their constitutions recognized that the two provinces are linguistically Tamil.
The ongoing controversy is whether the two provinces should constitute one unit or two units. If the argument hinges on the sizeable Sinhala and Muslim (Tamilspeaking) presence in the Eastern Province, there is one way of handling the problem. This will be to detach the Tamil or Tamil-speaking areas in the Eastern Province and tack these to the Northern Province so as to provide for a single Tamil unit. r
That the governing party has a majority of MPs from Eastern Province is a tendentious plea. Two MPs elected on the separatist TULF platform crossed over to the government and the constitution was cynically tinkered with to legitimize their defections. The original provision authorised the party from which an MP defected to replace the MP with another of its choice. . . .
An important matter such as the creation of a single unit cannot be dealt with by sleight of hand; not even in a general election, for such elections are contested on a range of issues. A single question is best resolved by a referendum or plebiscite.
There is an open attempt to change the demographic character of the two provinces. In other parts of the world such attempts were made as during Stalin's regime but not since. After World War II, frontiers were altered and populations exchanged in Eastern and Central Europe. But this was after a world

Page 13
JANUARY 1986
A GANGSTE
NWHAT used to be "Sri Lanka' - and is now becoming, de sacro, a territorially diwidcd nation — Lille GowerInThem L., which has presided since 1977 over the gradual political, economic andculturalruin of the country, will be spending 5.8 billion rupees in 1986 on its defence budget. Further, it is anticipating in the current financial year a budget deficit of Rs.30 billions. The Finance Minister, R. de Mc, has himself called such a deficit "unsustainable".
It is als) expenditure in wain. For in the last twelve months if conflict, or combat. the front-line (whose inexorable movement southwards has so frightened Colombo) has now arrived in Trinico and Batticaloa; even Amparai is in the Tamils firing-line." The regime's M-19 rifles. helicopter gunships, the militarization of the state, the arming of Sinhalese settlers and gruesome human rights' violations have between them achieved to thing of substance, either to restore the writ of Colombo now lost in Wide areas of the North and East, or to quell the ardour of Tamil militants for that degree of selfdetermination which is necessary to protect the Tamils from Sinha lese rapine. Instead, brutality has bred brutality, and inter-communal vendetta has martyrck (with death, injury or homclessness) more thousands of innocents, Sinhalese and Tamil. Equally frightening, the speeches and actions of the Sinhalese leaders - the 'sly Jayawardene alıd thւ: linpot Athulathmudali, in particular with their falsehoods, their obsessiveness, their doublespeak and contradiction, suggest minds, as well as institutions, in breakdown. On one day, and in one speech, "the defence situation is improving'; on the next, "all-out struggle will alone save Sri Lanka'. In one place, at olc II noment, and to one au clience, "the correct path is non-violence"; at another, our pocket Napoleons (olive-branch in one hand, sub-machine gun in the other) warn their fellow Buddhists to "get ready for a decisive military action'.
"I LII) certain', the two-headed Jayawardene cynically declared last summer, 'that the Thimpu negotiations will be a success. Yet, at the very same time, he was refusing - and had always been intending to refuse- any serious concession to, or even consideration of.
DäWi
Tutor In Pili Oxford. Autho (Penguin). Thrը Glass (Zed Pres Practice". Essi Jayaprakash
University Pres
Contrio Luts to M
Tamil rights an while, bloating th with thic IImilitary
final solution" There could neve hlwc Eccl cither or meaningful, p. ther; and there
Nor, likewise, othегргuspect th the ficldi (by b{ freelance hold Tarmil), and clccp Lankan" excheq|| the spread of the letting to hit he reas of "Sri I estates a mong t now a politic Tansacked socii Buddhist war wit be defeat cd, " it imler Ilational: shadow of par Hindu racism' N les 5, than the cla population to democratic poli island. It is to di bankrupt state armed to the tee
The Prospects For Peace-continued
cataclysm. Will we reach such a point of Il TITI?
Our answer to the question of peace is partly answered in what we have already stated. There are other factors that need to be taken into account. To expect the Tamils to be reconciled with those Sinhalese racists who have injured their dignity is as difficult as asking the Israelis to forgive the Nazis, The crimes are just as
serious. The qui tactic. Will a ce: a temporary. i single Tamill devolution p rcckoning? Oui seeped deep it history, warsh periods of time, ar for i hundre may have to le even though a
 

TAMILTIMES13
RS NEW YEAR
Selbourne
ics, Ruskim College, of An Eye to India Lugh the Indian Looking i) and "In Theory and In ys on the Politics of Магауап (Oxford s). He is also a regular Iew Society London.
i 1ør rors; and, all the e already bankrupt state means for a hoped-for f the Tamil problem, r, in such circumstances, a casefire. It rational, litical dialogue between las been Ieither, does 1986 holl out any 1am further birbiris II in 5th sides, including by luITis, Sinhalese and er bankruptcy of the "Sri Ier; nothing other than : conflict, and its bloodto relatively untouched zanka', the up-country hel 1. Moreover, this is illy and cconomically ity, pursuing a holy han enemy which refuses ind what is the enemy? Is LubwcIsion's it the dark Tamil nationalis II1, cor (), iis thing renor Ins of the Tamil minority physical security and ical entitle IIlents on the feat these claims that the or what is left of it) has h; and will be compelled
to spend Rs. 1.3 billion, in 198s, I deli
servicing alone, as inflation worsens and
the economic difficulties of the people - Sinhalese and Tamil alike-deepen,
Instead of a just and judicious accommodation of Tamil demands. the chillingly Orwellian state-rhetoric of “flushing out" and "mopping up'"terrorists - cuphemisms, in most cases, for thic coldblooded state-massacre of civilians - has become Colombo's political hallmark. But then with a daily military expenditur.c now of some 18 million rupees, truth itself must become a base metal. Yet the Finance Minister has declared that "Sri Lanki", "faces disaster if the ethmic COIllici contines". Intliced. "Sri Lanka’s” rewcTiu e is insufficicht even to meet current expenditurc, While almost all our capital expenditure has to be met by foreign aid and loans". :ls de Mel hirnself ha. admitted.
Whistling in thic dark, President Jayawardene, with his own time surely running out, has in conscquence again been driven to promise, in the name of "national salvation", "Conc more year", un til victory over terrorism is gained, while at the same time trying to associate Mrs. Bandaral naik c. in a cross-party CrLisa de against thc Tamil movement. But it is Rajiv Gandhi's support for Jayawardene, and the former's real hostility to Eelamshared by his late mother - which is encouraging Jayawardcne not to political settlement, but to further violent folly. lindcccl, those Tau IInils who continue to harbour naive illusions about Delhi's intentions should note that Rajiv Gandhi, no friend to Tamil aspiration, (penly declared to Jayawardene in 1985 that "we are with you in your struggle".
Yet Jayawardene's "one IIloc year' is
itself a useless and empty promise", as his
Sinhalese audience itself surely knows. For thc "traditional victory over tour enemics", for which Ath Lulathin udali, the Minister of National Insecurity, has called (through one side of his mouth) is further away than ever, as the political and military chaos Worsens. Instead, a still higher price in sorrow and hardship than has already been paid in 1985 will be paid in 1986 for the gangsterism in Colombo. It is a gangsterism which is bleeding the people to death, one Way or another; and bleeding to death Sinhalese and Tamil
together,
!stion how cwer is onc cof eless ceasefire help? Will 1provisation such as a 1 it with a IIlcàsure of stpone the day of view is that hatred has lo the body politic. In we hecn fought for long ometimes for thirty years years. Sri Lanka's Tamils In to live with this fact Wichy-style government
could be set Lup in Jaffna. Thcrc have bc.cn such phenomena as irredent ist (the demand for the return of stolen territory) movements in the recent past. The Tamils of Sri Lanka Could Wel| fall in to this category. That is why we arc in doubt that military solutions will provide any answer, If they did, we would never have had World War II. No for that Thatter would the Israelis have withdrawn frill south Lebanon. The West Bank would have ceased to be the festering score that it is.

Page 14
14TAMILTIMES
Letters To The Editor
ACROSS THE BORDERS
Sir,
THREE recent events have a direct connection with the destiny of the people of Tamil Eelam. One is regional, the second local and the third historical. ر
The idea of federal or confederal Governments coming into being on a regional basis has now taken its first step insofar as the seven South Asian countries are concerned. On the 8th December, the seven South Asian countries including India and Sri Lanka formed the SAARC, the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation.
Speaking on the occasion, the Sri Lankan President, Mr. Jayawardene, is reported to have declared that the six other countries of the region are prepared and willing to abide by whatever decisions India takes. In other words, India leads, the others follow. In this background, we Tamils must create the necessary momentum for the solution of the Tamil Eelam crisis by openly declaring that we too are keen to join India in a political link-up. To make this declaration, it is not essential that there should be in the first place a Tamil Eelam Nation State.
The other event is the Anglo-Irish Agreement. For the first time in the history of international Agreements, a precedent has been created in that a foreign Government is legally permitted to have a say in the affairs of one's own Government. The Anglo-Irish Agreement provides a role for the Irish Government in the affairs of Northern Ireland. What is more, this Agreement is now registered with the United Nations, thus giving it sanctity and the force of international law. Tamils can profit from this precedent by persuading India to upgrade its continuing negotiations with the Sri Lankan Government, by eventually entering into an Indo-Sri Lankan agreement giving Delhi (and
possibly Madras also) a r affairs of the Tamil pec Everyone knows to what e. Madras are already invo. What is proposed here is n some legal form. This is b. absence of any other viable, The other event re. commemoration of Arun recently in London. Naval freedom fighter and, althou spent more years of his Navalar School in Chi flourishing, like the one he His contribution to the monumental. His greatests his life's mission which loc Tamil world as one Nadu, . The Seven Nation Sun between the British and Iris the great vision of Navalar one way (as far as Tamils that is we must take immed Indo-Tamil Eelam politica step is for all Tamil political to make a public declaratio,
Tamils demie
A consignment of vital dr a lakh of rupees is repor Anuradhapura. These dri A.T. injections, bandage meant for base ho dispensaries in the Mullai Mannar districts. These to have arrived at the An station by goods train in idling for over three r patients in the above dis (The Island- 17/12)
A BUILDING, contractor is working by floodlight in a drive to open Colombo's first strip-tease hotel and bring the city nearer becoming one of Asia's top sex capitals to rival Bangkok. Sri Lanka traditionally has been sold to foreign visitors as a paradise island, with dusky village maidens smiling out of glossy brochures. Today the focus is on boys as well as girls - indeed, Colombo's known male prostitute population far exceeds females.
With cheap drugs and high society gambling too, the city is heavily advertised in European travel magazines offering package sex tours. The preoccupation of the police with Tamil militancy and lax prostitution laws have meant little opposition to the trend, which has boosted the inflow and use of drugs such as LSD, heroin and cocaine. The country is now a key transit point for narcotics flowing from producing countries to European and American consumers. With normal drug trafficking routes disrupted by the war in Afghanistan, most narcotics from Afghanistan and Pakistan reach the West via Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan drug squad detectives say some 600 kg (1,350 lb) of cannabis alone reach the United States annually from the Indian Ocean island. Large consignments of heroin, cocaine and cannabis have been intercepted in the Port of Colombo over the past few years. *
DEBAUCH
But Colombo's new boc a tourist resort area about city, police found that or employees was a male pri estimate the island has prostitutes; police records Colombo alone. Police murder of an elderly B1 existence of a homosexu England formen past reti 30 were living in Sri L. residence visas. Complai activities are seldom inv foreigners buy off th complainant.
An international hom "Spartacus", published described Sri Lanka as a listed street names, loca numbers for homosexual (
Health authorities in C population of 500,000 f Acquired Immune Di (AIDS). Some 16.000 peo seek treatment in gove hospitals for sexually-t includingan advanced str An investigation by til newspaper revealed that high Society married wo

le and a say in the ple of Sri Lanka. tent both Delhi and ved in our affairs. erely to put them in ing advanced in the olution to the crisis. erred to is the uga Navalar Day. r was the first Tamil |h born in Jaffna, he fe in Tamil Nadu. lambaram is still stablished in Jaffna. Tamil language is ingle legacy for us is ked upon the whole 'ne single State. mit, the Agreement Governments, and - all these point only are concerned) and ate steps towards an ll link-up. The first leaders and activists
in support.
K. Vaikunthavasan
ddrugs
ugs valued at over ted to be idling at ugs, which include s, plasters etc. are spitals and 42 tivu, Vavuniya and irugs are reported radhapura railway September but are months while the tricts are suffering
ERY IN:
m industry is sex. In 25 km south of the e in every six hotel stitute. Sociologists round 15,000 male ay there are 1,500 in investigating the ton discovered the l society formed in ement age. At least nka on permanent its about the men's estigated, since the 2 police or any
sexual guidebook, n West Germany, "Gay Paradise" and ions and telephone: }ntactS. -
lombo, which has a ar an outbreak of iciency Syndrome le a month currently nment and private Insmitted diseases, in of genital herpes.: 2 weekend "Sun" op fashion models, en, schoolboys and
JANUARY 1986 THE SOUTHAFRICAN
PARALLEL AHw Mı
!) th
A FURCRE is sought to be created over remarks made by Mr. John Howard, the Leader of the Opposition in the Australian Parliament comparing Sri Lanka to South Africa. Before this could die down, another leader of international eminence, Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India, has done the same thing by putting Sri Lanka and South Africa on the same plane, in a speech to the Lok Sabha recently. Responsible leaders like Howard and Gandhi weigh every word of what they say in public, especially when it is not complimentary of another country. Their words, therefore, cannot be far from the truth.
But in my opinion such comparison is only an understatement of reality. No doubt there is discrimination in South Africa but definitely less death and destruction than in Sri Lanka. For example, the Blacks cannot sit in the park benches reserved for whites but only in those reserved for blacks. There are other forms of discrimination too. But in Sri Lanka the Sinhalese and Tamils are supposed to be equal before the law but killing goes on merrily on a daily basis. I do not think that the number of blacks killed in South Africa which is a vast country can in any way approach the figures in Sri Lanka, the little Island of ours.
My humble opinion is that under present circumstances Sri Lanka can be compared to only one other country i.e. Nazi Germany of Hitler and Goebbels who murdered people only because they were Jews. Can anyone say that such a situation does not exist in Sri Lanka where racist killing is the order of the day? If Sri Lanka does not improve her much-tarnished image quickly, I am afraid more world leaders are going to say in public what they have been feeling privately all these days.
R. L. Thevathasan
Sir,
SRI LANKA
rugby players were "on call 24 hours" in many of Colombo's top tourist hotels. Male and female prostitutes were graded to cost from SL RS.100 to SL RS.3,000 ($3.75 to $110). The newspapers claimed six high class gambling clubs employed waiters and waitresses who became available for paid sex after midnight.
Police deputy inspector-general Heema Weerasinghe said the police department was not to blame for the situation. “We have very limited resources, and most of our men are busy investigating more serious crime,” he said. “Our inquiries into petty crimes are superficial because only a very limited number of persons are available for routine crime and vice investigation, and they have far too many cases to handle.”
Prostitution has traditionally been a minor offence in Sri Lanka - punished with short jail terms, small fines or simply warnings. Police usually charge suspects under the "wrongful gain” section of the Sri Lankan penal code which gives magistrates no choice but to treat defendants leniently. * -
Last year the authorities authorised the death penalty and life imprisonment for persons convicted of possessing large amounts of narcotics, but neither sentence has yet been imposed.
– Courtesy Compass News Features

Page 15
JANUARY 1986
SRI LANKAN STATEMA
(Report: Tamil Time
 
 
 

TAMITMES 15
ASSACREAT MURUGAPUR
is, November 1985, Page 17)

Page 16
16TAMILTIMES
TRADITIONAL HOMELANDscu,
Rather, things begin the other way around - with a conclusion more or less vaguely formed, for which reasons are found later. Each side rationalizes its own beliefs, however unreasonable they might be, confident that events will prove them right.
But this is a totally unconstructive attitude because more than anything else both sides need to compromise - a solution that is unfair to one side will be resented and will eventually be undermined by that side.
It was the harsh treatment of Germany by the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the First World War that paved the way for Hitler and the Second World War. This is an absolutely vital point that the
Tamils must realize, as much as the
Sinhalese.
A mutually acceptable compromise on the “homelands" question could be to acknowledge both the present political need of the Tamils to preserve their numerical preponderance in the Northern and Eastern provinces, and the existence of land hunger in other parts of the country.
A practical policy would be to structure the colonization of the two provinces for, say, the next 25 years on the basis of the existing population ratios in the respective
provinces. After that agreed upon period elapses, the land colonization policy
should be restructured by a joint Central and provincial government-sponsored commission. I There is a sense in which the three Tamil demands examined above are primarily rhetorical and propagandist. The three demands may be conceded on paper by the government but with little tangible gains to the Tamils were it to be accompanied by a larger army presence rather than by a real sharing of power.
To give an example, the Palestinians remain stateless even though a great majority of countries officially recognize
ten UOS and
them to be a nation v Self-determination and a
Whatever the Sinh Front” and its leadersh can be no military sc
guerilla warfare- an aut
the present army co Seneviratne has said Solutions have contain activities and terrorism least, of preserving natio Contrary to popular uninformed opinion, nowhere led to separat terrorist operations, w into state terrorism, had There are a variety power may be distribu centre to regional minor which is the commonly ( a political mechanism primary focus the national unity with the regional and minority ri In a federal system t central government are to certain agreed upon ( education, land settle1 powers. Some powers
central government, v
shared by the two levels given in full to governments. This is n nor a first step to it.
Where, as in Sri Lan
are territorially intermi
conflict at the nation obtained by the creatio (or provinces) with a mi: When ethnic proporti country, a group that is centre may be a majorit states as the Tamils are and Eastern Provinces. position to determine provinces which should resentment their small i exclusion, from the cent
DON"T MAKE TAM
HOSTAGES
DON'T send back to Sri Lanka the Tamil youths who have sought asylum in Switzerland, until the ethnic problem is settled.
This was the urgent plea made by a delegation of the Jaffna Citizens' Committee when it met representatives of the Swiss Government at Hotel Ashok on Thursday (19th December).
The Citizens' Committee delegation also told the Swiss representatives that the idea of transferring the Tamil youths in Switzerland to special camps in the South of Sri Lanka was dangerous as these youths would virtually become hostages to the tender mercies of the Sri Lankan Government.
A delegation of the Front also met the Swis and handed over a mem Amnesty Internatio appealed to the Swiss G send back the Lankan they would be subject to The Swiss representa refugee camps duringth Jaffna.
The two Swiss rep visited Jaffna, accom Kaufmann, acting Char
the Swiss Embassy, were
and Dr. M. Zuchschwer

ued from Page 10
ith the rights to
country. |alese "National p may say, there blution to Tamil hority no less than mmander Nalin so. But political ed both guerilla to the extent, at )nal unity.
and stubbornly federalism has ion; but counterhich degenerated led to separation. of ways in which ted out from the ities. Federalism, mployed form, is that has as its econciliation of maintenance of ghts. he powers of the limited in regard categories such as ment and police are kept by the while others are of government or the provincial either separation
ka, ethnic groups xed, reduction in al level may be of federal states xed population.
ons vary over the a minority at the ty in one or more in the Northern They will be in a policies in these mitigate whatever influence, or even recauses them.
LSLSLSLSLS
S
Jaffna Mothers' is representatives orandum. hal has already Overnment not to Tamil youths as reprisals. lives visited some air two-day stay in
resentatives who panied by Mr. ge de Affaires of Dr. S. Werenfels dt.
JANUARY 1986
West London Tamil
School Christmas Party
One hundred and fifty pupils, their 24 teachers and parents, most of them Hindus, joined in carol singing led by Packian Perinparaja and his wife Punitham. Rev. Swaminathan Jacob, Area Secretary for Asia and the Pacific of the Methodist Church Overseas Division, spoke on the significance of Christmas. Mr. Anthony Rampton of the Hilden Charitable Trust, one of whose principal interests is the welfare of the ethnic minorities, spoke of the importance of mother tongue teaching. He emphasised the importance of language in preserving the identity of a minority. "The first endeavours of the majority community are always directed at suppressing the language of the minority" he said. Mr. Rampton concluded by expressing his sympathy with Tamils in Britain in their concern for their unfortunate compatriots in Sri Lanka and condemned the recent UK Government decision to impose visa requirements on Tamil refugees.
Among others who spoke were Mr. Harry Greenway, MP for North Ealing and Mr. Michael Elliott, MEP for West London. All the children were given Christmas gifts and special awards were made to Shenika Shakespeare and Lakshmi Ganeson for their dazzling performance at their respective Arangethrams, and to Jeevan Manickavasagan for winning the Borough of Ealing Community Languages Association essay competition.
=
April Election Planned
There is growing speculation in Sri Lanka that President Jayawardene is planning a snap election around April.
Analysts say the granting of a pardon to the opposition leader Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike on Wednesday was the first indication. Her civic rights were taken away in 1980 after she was found guilty of abuse of power during her term of office as Prime Minister from 1970 to 1977.
Press reports said that the pardon came as India pressed Sri Lanka to consider proposals by the moderate Tamil United Liberation Front to resolve the island's ethnic crisis.
it wants amalgamation of the northern and eastern provinces and for them to be given autonomy. The Government refuses to consider this saying that Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims live in almost equal numbers in the eastern province.
An election will not affect the position of President Jayawardene, who was re-elected in 1982 to serve till 1990.

Page 17
ANUARY 1986
Continued from page II
chauvinism, federal form of government, entrenchment of fundamental rights and their enforcement through al independent judiciary, bicameral
legislature, rule of law etc. It is not
necessary to discuss here the various steps taken by successive Indian governments to solve the internal aspects of India's national question from the setting up of the States Reorganisation by Nehru to the resolution of the Punjab problem by Rajiv Gandhi. Unlike the Soulbury Constitution and the two Republican Constitutions of Sri Lanka, the Indian Constitution was drafted, enacted and adopted with democratic consensus. Incidentally, the principle of the right of self-determination is not alien to Western political tradition. Additional "precedents' may yet emanate if Tom Nairn's sensational theses are proved right and if there is a further break-up of Britain'.
A TRAGEDY
In discussing the so-called East European political tradition, Jehan Perera has turned Lenin's theory of nationalism on its head. Perera speaks of "a tradition in which a nation is not seen politically as such . . .”. If one is speaking of a tradition one has to include the professed principles as well as the practice of honouring them even if it be in the breach. Trotsky hailed Lenin's legacy on the national question as one of the eternal treasures of mankind. It is a tragedy that his principles are being reneged by the so-called Marxist States, while the socalled non-Marxist States are throwing
away the (nati (Marxist) bath countenanced et But in this epoch of nations unde without any me. not have the free not mean that
should secede a the right of selfexist on paper a more than the man to eat from complete and 1 (Tamil) people
cannot cultivate the (Sri Lanka) nation got tied up to the (island) c with other (Sinh
TRADITION
The question is long past the si scoring points. insatiable land 1 masses that th against. Oh, whi the great divide patriots, when th tradition foughtf and gave it a leg fifties and later who opposed circumvented it have their llar demanding that villager be given a no-man’s land from reaching Co
A combinatio
lndia at Antarctica
The 87 member, fifth Indian scientific expedition to Antarctica sailed aboard the Swedish icebreaker, Thuleland, from Mormugao harbour recently on a four-month assignment.
Mr. M.K. Kaul, head of the team and glaciologist from the Geological Survey of India, was confident that the mission would be a success.
The expedition includes 24 scientists drawn from 13 disciplines. A total of 61 servicemen have joined the expedition.
Of the 87, nine members are repeating their voyage to Antarctica. They include Mr. Kaul, Dr. Miss Aditi Pant and Dr. V.K. Dhargalkar, who is deputy leader of the wintering team. Another woman member of the team is Miss Gowri Indersen.
Besides continuing the scientific programmes initiated by the previous four expeditions, the emphasis this time will be on diversifying the activities and concentrating attention more towards areas in the interior.
OU
TMIDITY and every aspect of electric light flick every other pu service to Colom
Development standstil. Farm quota of potato se has been cruel. T has severely dam There is a st interest in educat North. Parents v 1983 July riots tı to schools in Jaff thoughts. As to Universities now and Medina o Attendance at : unaffected by a generally low.
Will the largen going age in employed as conc attendants at pel chance to resum will be the ultima the community ol

onalist) baby with the
water. Lenin never ernal nationalism as such. of nation-states, equality a single state would be
ining if these nations do
dom to secede. This does each and every nation ld set up its own state or letermination could only nd in reality be nothing Iroverbial right of every a golden plate. Without neaningful equality the
belonging to the nation
any sense of belonging to
State with which their ), for whatever reason, or ountry which they share ula) nations.
ALHOMELANDS
of traditional homelands' age of being an arena for
It's not the seemingly munger of the Sinhalese e Tamils are fighting
ère and on which side of
were these great Sinhala ose in the Sama Samajist or land reform from 1935 all shape, first during the in the seventies? Those
it first, those who ater and those who now nds restored, are all
the innocent Sinhalese a shotgun and be sent to
to prevent the borders olombo!
TAMILTIMES 17
and the vested interests of commission agents and their beneficiaries has always characterised Sri Lanka's expensive and badly-managed colonisation schemes, more often than not undertaken with foreign aid, from the 1930's up till the present Mahaweli plan. It is sheer hypocrisy to interpret the question of traditional homelands as a matter of conflicting demands for historical rights between the Tamil-speaking people and the Sinhalese en masse. It is even worse hypocrisy to suggest that "Sri Lanka is a democracy belonging to the Western tradition" and hence the unacceptability of the Tamilian demands in their current form. Sri Lanka ceased to be a democracy, by its own past standards, even before July 1983. When Indira Gandhi imposed her notorious emergency rule in India, the universal indignation that greeted it was mobilised by the “free press in India and the Indian intelligentsia within and outside the country. Even in Sri Lanka the leading light of the UNP warned the country to beware of "the cow and the calf precedent". But today, the Colombo media and the bulk of the Sinhalese intelligentsia are rallying behind the UNP Government, in the name of fighting the Tamils, despite the Government's crippling blows to the island's democracy. It is to this aspect of Sri Lanka's contemporary crisis that the liberals, democrats and the leftists among the Sinhalese should address their minds and precipitate political action rather than resorting to journalistic hectoring towards the battered Tamils fighting for survival.
懿盛藻、 n of anti-Tamil polities
Courtesy of Saturday Review
RPOLITICAL DILEMMA
tentative actions cripple ife in Jaffna today. The (ers and falters. So does blic facility. The train bo has stopped now.
in the North is at a ers have not had their 'eds this year. Nature too he fortnight of downpour aged the paddy fields. ow erosion of parental ing their children in the who in the wake of the ansferred their children a are now having second igher education, Indian appear to be the Mecca f the Jaffna parent. schools, even in areas ny violent activity, is
umber of boys of schoolsaffna, who now are uctors in mini-buses and rol pumps, ever have a
: their education? What
te effect on the future of
such a situation?
Public concern for the plight and safety of the civilians emerges now and then, but it soon dies down for fear of collateral effects and the lack of the necessary organisational infrastructure strong enough to do anything meaningful. Political groups, instead of exploring avenues of agreement, appear to irrationally demonstrate a tendency for serious cleavages.
Normalcy will continue to be a dream if violation of a citizen's freedom cannot be challenged in a court of law. Violence has become the rhetoric of the period.
Very apt in our land now is the truth eloquently expressed by Prof. John C. Bennett
“Without order, especially in a complicated modern society, there can be no justice or freedom. Without a measure of freedom, no system of order can long be endured for it becomes a hateful tyranny”.
(Abridged from "Morning Star", Jaffna, Sri Lanka)

Page 18
18TAMILTIMES
SRI LANKA's i
CONSTITUTIONS 8
MINORITY
CEYLON (now Sri Lanka) obtained her Independence from Colonial rule in 1948. Ceylon became a Dominion under the
British Commonwealth. Independent Ceylon first functioned under the Soulbury Constitution whose chief
architect was Lord Soulbury who was the Chairman of the Royal Commission appointed to look into the question of granting Independence to Ceylon.
The Soulbury Constitution had certain entrenched clauses for protecting minority rights. Notwithstanding, there was clear proof of minority rights being eroded and even violated on very many occasions, by the majority Sinhalese governments.
In 1970 when Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the newly-elected Head of the Sinhalese government she decided to make Ceylon a Republic within the Commonwealth and do away with the Soulbury Constitution and draft a new Republican Constitution. The new Republican Constitution came into effect in May, 1972. Under the Republican Constitution Ceylon became known as Sri Lanka.
The present Jayawardene government which came into power in 1977 drafted another new Constitution for Sri Lanka which became operative in 1978. The net result of all this was that the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka became a disillusioned and discriminated lot.
The agitation by the then Tamil leaders for a separate State to be carved out for the Tamil minority comprising the Northern and Eastern provinces which have been the traditional homelands of the Tamils of Sri Lanka for generations was born out of a feeling that the Tamils had always been discriminated against by successive Sinhalese majority governments that ruled Sri Lanka since Independence.
The racial riots of 1958, and more lately those of August, 1977, and the still recent one of July, 1983, when the Tamil minority residents in the capital city of Colombo and other Sinhalese areas suffered heavy damage to life and property had only intensified this agitation. And now the militant youth among the Tamils appear to have reached a point of no retreat from the demand for a separate State. This is no doubt an unfortunate situation.
Certain enlightened sections among the minority community had expressed the view that while the Indian Constitution took over three years to draft, Sri Lanka's present Constitution was drafted within a matter of days. The Constituent Assembly that drafted the Indian Constitution, they said, was deliberately made an "India in
By Augustine
microcosm' ensuring minorities were wel major issues were characteristic India consensus and accon perhaps why the Indi remained stable and since India obtained 1947.
In the case of S. Constitution, they we apart from the haste i there was also an ele drafting the Constitut the people the free which is a basic dem their contention tha settlement should be consensus and not by parliament. Wise an come out of the interp varied opinions.
Some of them had view that the new from failing to fulfil th Tamil minority, w experiment in that t President from . o. cumbersome procedu might be well nigh i that if the holder of th was a corrupt per dictatorial tendencies Constitution would be Leave that as it m
remembered that Co.
by a Constitutional ex governments to prote minorities. It is for government exists. B realise this fact as a si on them. Power very temptation with whic to failure. Not only 1 others holding a enlightened opinion Sri Lanka's present C provided measly c. Tamils.
As stated earlier, safeguard the interes The present govern cannot be unaware present Constitution such a hurried and ha adequate safeguard provided to protect And within the s Constitution comir several amendments had to be enacted. A amendments will be is of course anyt nevertheless is not especially in a democ States, like men,

ANUARY 1986
NDEPENDENT
HE PLIGHT OF THE "TAMILS
Saverinutu
hat even the Small,
represented and li decided by the n concepts of modation. That is an Constitution has
almost unaltered er Independence in
i Lanka's present re of the view that which it was done ment of secrecy in on thereby denying dom of discussion cratic right. It was. t any worthwhile : by dialogue and a majority vote in d sober judgments lay of balanced and
even expressed the Constitution, apart le aspirations of the as a dangerous he removal of the ffice involved a re which in practice mpossible. That is, e office of President son or one with , then the slips in the gin to show.
lay, but it must be Institutions as stated bert, are designed by ct the rights of the his purpose that a ut few governments lemn duty imposed often is the supreme the elect are lured he Tamils but even unbiased and ure of the view that onstitution has only incessions for the
overnments exist to ts of the minorities. ment in Sri Lanka of this fact. The had been framed in hazard manner that had not been minority interests. hort time of the g into existence to the Constitution nd how many more nacted in the future Ddy's guess! This a healthy practice асу. . . . . . . . have their growth,
their manhood, their decreptitude and their decay. But national injustice (by which I mean injustice to a section of the nation) is the surest way to national downfall. Neither chauvinistic patriotism nor linguistic fanaticism should blind us to justice and reason. If the language question is not satisfactorily solved, Sri Lanka may one day find itself in a major linguistic crisis. That crisis has already started. Language is always an issue that raises passions for political purposes.
It would be worthwhile to recall what the late Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India had to say about language intolerance in India. He said, "Let us say that language is a delicate plant. But a plant does not grow by pulling out other plants. It grows on its own vitality.” The crisis at present in Sri Lanka is not merely a language crisis. That is long past. It has developed into an ethnic crisis. And a major one at that.
Political institutions are a superstructure resting on an economic foundation. And this economic foundation which is so vital to the stability of any political superstructure can never remain sound if a section of the people are discontented and therefore uncooperative.
Independence by itself does not change the world. Whether Sri Lanka is an Independent Dominion or Republic will bring about no significant change until and unless the right political atmosphere is created for a real effort of national regeneration. Constitutions will not provide all the economic and social tools that are needed to effect this national regeneration. Even evidence of good intentions will not do. They must be driven in with the hammer of determination. : There can be no national happiness when a section of the people are discontented and unhappy. There can be no national progress if the minorities are uncooperative or lack enthusiasm. It is only when every citizen feels that he can live with self-respect and assert his rights in the land of his birth that there can be true national progress and prosperity.
It must not be forgotten that the essence of all successful negotiations is compromise. And this compromise must come from both sides; the majority side and the minority side. Our willingness to solve a problem can be to compromise.
If only a real endeavour is made to find an answer to the minority problem in Sri Lanka there is no reason why an answer cannot be found and the problem be allowed to remain as a festering sore on the fair face of Sri Lanka. While the initiative must come from the government

Page 19
JANUARY 1986
side the minority leaders must respond
with a sincere willingness to come to terms with the government on a paramount natter of this nature. After all the minority problem in Sri Lanka is a national problem. And there is always a national answer to every national problem. The answer must be sought in a spirit of mutual trust, friendship, understanding and goodwill.
Disagreement is the essence of debate. Patience, persistence and persuasion should ultimately win. The future may be bleak for the Tamils in Sri Lanka and the struggle may be hard. But strength and firmness and the will to win not so much by defiance or violence but wherever possible by tolerance and tact, may eventually yield the desired results.
The Tamils in Sri Lanka are today a
leaderless race. Their position is akin to a rudderless ship tossed about perilously on.
the uncharted seas of violence, anxiety, uncertainty and despair.
A Constitution in the last analysis is organised opinion. And where there is little or no public opinion a Constitution cannot be deemed as valid. What comes from the operation of such a Constitution is bad government which sooner or later may become dictatorial government. .
In the present context of things in Sri Lanka it has become both imperative and inevitable for the Tamils to fight for their rights. But the battle is better fought in a non-violent and dignified manner. Hostility and aggressive resistance will invariably end in a way the aggressors neither planned nor expected. There is martyrdom of the Tamils that started as far back as 1958 that is still going on in a more violent form.
Whatever trials and tests Sri Lanka may have to face in the future the country's ultimate strength lies not in oppression, not in smug complacency, not in her resources or wealth, but in the unity of her people. For men may come and men may go but the nation must go on for ever.
And until justice is blind to race and religion, until it is unconcerned with the language one speaks, Sri Lanka's lately won freedom will only be a proclamation and not a fact. To the extent that this proclamation of her freedom lies unfulfilled, to that extent will her leaders have fallen short of assuring freedom to the free.
Scholarly Administrator DEVANESAN NESAH has been in Vited
by Harvard University, USA to research into the subject of "Preferential Policies in Divided
Societies'. As an officer of the Sri Lanka Administrative Services, Mr. Nesiah once was Government Agent of Jaffna. He just completed his MA thesis on "Public Administration' at the Kennedy School of Government. Now, in addition to research, he will also hold the appointment of Teaching Fellow and assist Professor Thomas Shelling.
SEA
from
In May, when
attended the til Congregation. As Church was ful o' the national probl Methodist Confer
What dare | tell to go back to the could contribute
With the prefac want to assure yo you and are pr Communities. remember you in
Rev. S. M. Jacc silver plated chali should be a gifts inscribed "For He
The gift of a ch and drink of that ( Coventry Cathed window with the forgiven their das ask for forgivenes He is to be our pea He comes in our C
Rev. Shelton de S in Sri Lanka.
) - Mr. W
Bernard Shaw Small men and th Siva Subramania away on 5.12.85, we could ill affor , the country is po distinguished an
He began life industry as them studies, at the Ba some of the high
He joined the Commissioner of Court, from whic
On his retirem earned. He willin fellow beings. He
Mr. Siva Subr teachings of saint and mastery of H written word. Th remarkable contr promotion and d
He adorned ma generous to the heart - a beautifu
ܢ ܠ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

TAMILTIMES 19
SONAL MESSAGE
Shelton de Silva, Methodist Church,
Kollupitiya, Sri Lanka
was in England for the British Methodist Conference, I
irteenth anniversary service of the London Tamil I had just arrived from Sri Lanka and the Putney Methodist Sri Lankan Tamils, some of whom had emigrated owing to em, was asked to give them the greetings of the Sri Lankan en Ce.
these Sri Lankan born Tamil Ch ristians, who were yearning and they loved? What could say to a hurt community that
little to that hurt being healed?
that they might find my words difficult to believe, said, "I u that there are Sinhalese Christians in Sri Lanka who love aying that peace will be restored between our two Vant to assure you that we care and we continually our prayers". i ob, minister of the London Tamil Congregation, wanted a ce from Sri Lanka and offered to pay for it. I thought that it ubscribed to by the Sinhalese Christians. The chalice was
is our Peace".
alice is a very significant token. When we eat of that bread up we proclaim the Lord's death till he comes. In bombed ral which the Nazis partly destroyed, is a stained glass egend, "Father forgive". This is not a plea that the Nazis be tardly deeds, but that all concerned forgive each other and is from each other. We too need to pray that same prayer if ace and we are to proclaim the Lord's birth and His death till lay in our land.
ilva is also an active member of the Civil Rights Movement
T. SIVASUBRAMANIAM IN
once said that there are great men who are great among ere are great men who are great among great men. Mr. V. m, retired (Sri Lankan) Supreme Court Judge who passed belonged to the latter group. He has left us at a time when d to lose him. Sri Lanka has lost a distinguished citizen and prer by his death. His was not merely a successful life but a
remarkable one.
like most boys from Jaffna with only intelligence a ain assets. Success followed him in school, in professional r, on the Bench and in public service. He made his way to st positions in the land through sheer merit.
Judicial Service in 1941; in 1962 he was appointed Assize. In 1966 he was appointed a Justice to the Supreme h office he retired in 1970.
ent he was not content to enjoy the leisure he had so well gly gave his services in the cause of the betterment of his took a keen interest in religious and educational activities.
amaniam was a devout Hindu steeped in the work and s, sages and the Bhagavad Gita. His knowledge of Saivaism indu philosophy were clear and manifest in his spoken and e Hindus of Sri Lanka will ever remain grateful for the ibution and selfless service rendered by him for the revival, velopment of Hinduism.
ny high public offices with distinction and honour. He was core. Such was Siva Subramaniam, a man of intellect and lly rounded personality.
C. M

Page 20
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Page 21
JANUARY 1986
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS MATRIMONIAL
To advertise in this section, please send the text of your advertisement with prepayment to Advertisement. Manager, Tami i Times, P. O Box 304, London W13 ON, First 20 Words cost E12 and each additional word 75 pence. If a box number is used, an additional f3 is payable. Deadline for each month's issue is the 5th, Chees should be drawn payable to Tamil Times.
Brother seeks bridegratum in la te 30's for sister permanently settled and working in the U.K. Religion, and caste immaterial. Box M73 Ç'u Tamil TirThes.
Hindu Sri Lankan parefnt seeks professionally qualified grutjm iri employment for working graduate
daughter, aged 28, British citizen, write with brief details, Box M74 Co Tar Til Times.
Jaffna Tamil Hindu parents, well-connected with at tractive daughter, only child 26 years, British qualified doctor, living and working in London with permanent right of residence, seek a professionally qualified bridegroom under 33 front U.K., Sri Lanka Or Swhare, Please 5End fu datailsit photograph, if possible. Box M75, Co Tamil Tırttığ5.
Mother seeks partner for daughter, age 2, working student and willing to settle abroad, Mars 7th House. Box M76, co Tamil Tries,
Family seeks bride for professional son settled in Australia, age 34 years. Box M7,
fi TaTi Tirres.
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VALTON, The rie January of W. A District Judge in his Larie. Jaffiria. He wi wife Kamala ng Ba behind in only dal of Dr. J. P. Mickasi
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CWC PROTESTS AGAINSTDY. MINISTER'S STATEMENT
The General Secretary of the Ceylon Workers Congress (CWC), Mr. M., Sellasamy, has protested to President Jayawardene against statements made hy Deputy Minister of Women's Affairs and Teaching Hospitals, Mr. Punchi Nilame.
In the memoranduill, the CWC drew the President's attention to Mr. Punchi Nilame's statement illeging that only one per cent if the Tamils in Sri Lanka were not with the "terists',
Mr, Punchi Nilame Waited in all out wir against terrorism lnd terrorists, Does it meall that the waar must he carrict Coul against 99 per cent of Tamils in the country, asked the CWC,
The memorandum pointed out that it W5 well 1) remember that titles such as those of Mr. Punchi Nilaine would drive more Tamils into the ranks of the political extreitlists and militants. The Ceylon Workers Congress could not be a party to a war against 99 per cent of the Tamils. The CWC on the other hand had explored every possible avenue towards smoothing the way for a political solution and will continue its efforts for unity and the peaceful co-existence of the several cmm IT LI Inities of this coii I Intry, the me 11 TE|Inclusi iddel,
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Page 22
22TAMILTIMES
THE SIKH
PARALLEL
by Dr. R. W. Crossette Thambiah, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
THE SIKH party Akali Dal won the September 1985 elections in Punjab state, India. Mr. Rajiv Gandhi described it as a defeat for his party, Indira Congress, but a victory for democracy and Mother India. On the same occasion he asked the Sri Lankan leaders to take note of how democracy won in Punjab state.
Let us compare how the two ethnic minorities - the Sikhs in India and the Tamils in Sri Lanka have fared. 1. The Punjab state, which the Sikhs densely occupy, has its legislative assembly which is in full charge of the State except for matters of all India concern like foreign affairs and defence.
The Sri Lankan Tamils densely occupy the Northern and Eastern provinces, asked for nearly thirty years that they be allowed to manage their internal affairs like local government, land, education, health services and the like. Agreements were reached with both the major Sinhalese parties but not honoured. 2. The Sikhs demanded greater autonomy and the demand for separation, Khalistan, was taken up by a growing number of Sikh extremists. The Sikh Golden Temple in Amritsar, the holiest shrine of the Sikh religion, was used as a military base and it became necessary to clean it up by force. The Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, who ordered the military action was gunned down by her own Sikh bodyguards. m
The Sri Lankan Tamil militants seeking to separate, gunned down no Prime Minister, in spite of the flower of their youth being gunned down culminating in the holocaust ofJuly '83. Indeed the Tamil militants scrupulously avoided any attack on Sinhalese civilians in or out of their provinces, for a number of years after the opening of the undeclared war against them. 3. The assassination of the Hindu Prime
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Minister by her trusted Sikh enraged the Hindu con innocent Sikhs were attack Delhi. The new Prime M Gandhi, the son of the slain visited the affected areas th pleaded "This madness m ordered a judicial inquiry.
In Sri Lanka, the July '85 allowed to run for days Lankan President spoke a expressed no sympathy to Tamils. To this day no ina ordered, not even about the, Tamil militant leaders while custody in the government jail. 4. The Indian Prime. discussions with the Akali 1 of whose demands was a c themselves, instead of a shar the neighbouring State.
In Sri Lanka the govern unable for eight years to themselves about the g meaningful devolution of Tamils of the North and Eas
5. To ascertain whether reached with the Sikhs is ac
'Amnesty Internationa Lanka urgently to sto government forces. I President Jayawardene t independent committee complaints of torture.
Amnesty issued its ap Lanka rejected a report it October, File on Torture "unfair, biased and untru lin its October rept published sworn testimc
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vodyguards so munity that ed, chiefly in inister, Rajiv Prine Minister next day and ust stop". He
አገገ08§0CWe WV08 efore the Sri ind even then the affected uiry has been laughter of 52 in government 8 WገጌO§፬ SeርLdre
Minister had Dal party, one apital city for ed capital with
ment has been agree атотg. rant of any power to the ernprovinces.
the agreement ceptable to the
JANUARY 1986
people of the Punjab State, where a large number of Hindus also live, the Prime Minister of India orderda general election in the Punjab State. He did not think it necessary to have a general election all over India. He felt it was the concern of only the people of the Punjab State to vote as to how they should be governed.
In Sri Lanka the government insists that any agreement with regard to how the Tamils grievances in the Northern and Eastern provinces are settled must be approved by all the provinces in Sri Lanka.
6. The people of Punjab have voted and even the Hindus who normally support Congress I party voted for Sikh Akali Dal party.
In the recent by-election in Mulkirigala in Sri Lanka the chief plank of the contesting Sinhalese parties was, who could eradicate Tamil "terrorism' more ruthlessly.
All the people of Punjab can now get together and work to develop the hitherto strife-torn State.
Rajiv Gandhi who loves democracy and Mother India is happy, though his party was defeated. He wants the Sri Lankan leaders to take a leaf from the Sikh experience of how a much more complicated ethnic minority problem in India was solved.
by courtesy of Lanka Guardian
PERSISTENT TORTURE
l urged - Sri p torture by t called on o establish an to investigate
opeal after Sri published last | Sri Lanka, as
g".
ort Amnesty
ony describing
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widespread and persistent torture.
Methods of torture reported included hanging people upside down while beating them all over the body, prolonged beatings on the soles of the feet and other parts of the body and insertion of chillipowder in the nostrils, mouth, and eyes and on the genitals.
Amnesty then expressed its deep concern at the Government's failure to respond positively to reports of torture.
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Page 23
JANUARY 1986
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Page 24
CRISIS MONTH, FOR SRI LANKA
L LS a aLLLL LLLLaa LHHLLLS HHHHLLLL divide the picoplc of South Asia, Ticine, perhaps, sucITs so intractable as the rift bpy:wce:rı Sri Larık's Siri hales: and Tihil communities. For the last two years the island has existed in the brinkuf civil War whilst the indisciplinedarined forces of the State and the equally merciless Tamil terrorists have indiscriminately it ticked innocent civilians. More than thousand pciple havL IIst their lives, Sri Lankā's fall Ted seren dipily has bic: In reduced ile ) Thayhem Hrld CHTT1Hge,
Hope for a slution surfaced six months ilg. When eace talks sponsored by Rajiv Gandhi's Indian government offered thic possibility of a resolution between the TaIThil demands for à separate country, Eelam, and the Sri Lankam government's determinatik in tí, ) retain central control WC the unit:yclitical St Lic Lic of the island. But now even that possibility is receding, Anxious efforts are presently Lunder Way in Coloribi ) [ pire : we: 1 1 1 1 li : Talks collapsing: It gether.
The probleIngles back to the country's independence in 1948, Under British rule the Tä mil co Iri1r11 LI11i [y, Whiu:h W:1s CInterprising and diligent, achieved considerable prominence in commercial and public life. After independence successive governments sought to promote the Imajority Sinhala community. The Tamils, Were mile y el discriminated. and over succeeding decides this slowly turned into alienation. In 1983 with the Lassacru o TaIInils in the southern half of the islands the links between its races snippled. Last year the Tamils demanded recognition of thcIls.clw.cs is a separate nation and their
Righ Res
President Junius R. J. LInexpected They we, hals to for Illic Prime | Banda Tanaik:. The p Bandaranalike a pard Tesume full political at year break.
Political analysts sa pri Theo IIIiiiniislcr, Was . major role in finding conflict between the people and the minori! MTS. Bandaranalike frum con tcsting elec public office since P. her civic rights and ex assembly for seven yea Mrs. Bindir:LI:like in a political clineback ge:Ticiral clicctin.
"The biggest prt: country Tuday is the el at her Colombi || Te: general electico Il LI1, tlէ:Litlլ: "
BLI t MTS. B:II1.l:äräII prime minister from again from 1970 to 197 guessing about her saying she hill not de
"step. The door is nic
Fe IшITI ILI PHIli ITIpp3.sition le:Lcler, a Il il future il IIlatters," said Tikiril leader of the rival Peo
The il constit Litir Bild:Indikc’s Sri La to ask one of its memb
province as a sep; Tate him cland. Since then the Linflict häls beer unrelenting. with both sitles seeking 1 military
slution if the rift. Worried, however, by the Inanner in which Sri Lanka's conflict might reverberate through India's own southern Tallil population, Mr. Gandhi last suITITier offiered tu sponsor peace talks. The Indians promised to try to persuade the Tarniils Lo give up | heit clai II1. [1] Eiela III : Il to accept a cease fire in return for a devolution of power by the government in Colombo. A ccas.cfire was agriccd. The Tamils informally indicated their Willing Iness, [4] , accop L :l: I log4li: 1 cd settlement but the Sri LankangoverIIITient his been relict: [ [ { if fer sui talle fern Ths. III November ift LT i SLrigs (f 1hrtive talks, President Jayawardene pirposed : measure of provincial auton Iny. He offered the Tamils a provincial council uIlder an elected chie ITiIlisler will powers to control subjects such as health, prill: Ty education and civic m:lintenance.
In Tamil eyes, however, it inadequate. They insisted upon two furthcroconditions: the linking of the north a Til east of Sri Lanka into a single TaiTTi ilspeaking province and powers for the
resign and nominate ht
provincial council sittle:Illint ind law : Indi:This Fı:H v T1 dit: cl; s4.IppH }rt Ilh c: T:H TInil :l:I realisticking point betw tle issue of greater pri Winicial ci : Luncil.
In theory this wo. resoluti III af ht: 'Il fili the C. Trier. III, TEActrict 1Wity is it Lever Was, Fr be an insi LIITTOLII til LInfortunately 10 h:1 Prcsident Jayawa Tider Ibut to reject II 1y ci propicosccl provincial pi [hiit the isl: Il (l's Sinha never accept such sh: | "With the Tills. He W Lild wic W it is. El ser. cherished identity, A who is nearly eighty, s the courage or the wi Stltll stiltiTritilts ill {
was it statesmanship.
At CT six Illinths if E Llvis Ishawclict it Eck L.A. Thkah it lì',': 111:11, 1 condition for a peace

JANUARY 1986
its of Bandaramaike stored in Sri Lanka
ayawardene, in all restoreil civic rights Minister Sirimal Llo resident gave Mrs. Jln. allowing her c } tivities after a five
it hit 1 fill expected to play a H solution to the [Inaj (brity Sinhalesco ly Tails.
had been irred tions and holding arli:a[11:I1t Tc:ITI.]'w:d pelled her fra III1 the
irs in October 1984).
licated she planned ini demanded :
thlcin facing the nic issue," she said sidence. "Have
let the people
läike, s', wh, w:s |Jf]] }} | : || "7, kept the country immediate plans, cided in the next w pcn för her L.) 11. over Hs The kl : l341 |play : Wit:Il nic Crisis Telıteki Banda Ila ngarat Ile. ple's Party,
illows L. Mrs. Inka Freedom Party T5 in Parliaillent to :Tais a replaccnncnt.
The country was speculating why Mr. Jayawardene decided at this time to allow his al Ich rival to Ictu III t.) Lctive politics. Mrs. Bandaranaike said she thought Mr. Jayawardene acted under intcr Ina titolal and local pressure. Sources said the Indian prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi, who is trying te o help find å stolution to thic ethnic conflict, had urged Mr. Jayawardene to Tel Lirn her rights.
LLLLLLLLS LSLLLLLLLLL LaLLLLS LL LLDLLLES
largest upposition party. Lild with uther help it would be difficult ti inimplement any decision Illicle by Mr. Jayawardene on the conflict, analysis said,
kS SLkkkLLkLEE T CLLHHLGGkkTTT SLLLkkTk LLLLLkkL LLkkGLLTLLL +, 'ሠጎሱዞ
El carril Hill II d Carler. As the ar that they do not i 11 ta' Lh Lc Lči sl. hic *:Il Illւ 1 աil sitlt: is:
powers for the
ill sluggest that : ict could bic: LII : il is in fact is far |r what tought mot 1{) |ç: hurclle Seeils We bec c. 1t appсагs to ble h: Icellent of th: y WIT&... H: hi: Worx l: ll Tills: W' Luld "ing of gover TT1 e 1 !
claims that they ilus threat to their. Tıd the Precisidıcı t, rečiliš, tt a laick, cithCT się II tu ris: HH1''' in act of national
ffort M. (iii's now I that if the Sri ciccts this primary fu SL Il:TL1:III Lhe
Indians will call off the peace process. Already Mr. (Gal II hi has lust considerable support frihm India's før 1y million Timils Hпоl faces growing opposition in his owп Congress party for his policies. They view the restraints he has placc.d on the Tamil gue Trillal grups in the he pic: Cassiccuring : del 15 un justified.
Ygt if the Peace process is galler i ff the conflict in STi l:n käl between its britterlydivided communitics will rapidly grow. The islai III could easily" succurumb to civil War. People are already talking f : possible Lebanonization of the country, Despite Indian protestations to the contrary, Mr. Gandhi may find it in possible to stand by if Sri Lanka's Ta Tils a Te killed in iTI creasing numbers.
January 1986 may well prove to be the last
« Ipp( b r t Lırıity [ | 5:1 We Sri L.Fırıka. The « 1Tn LI& restis squi:Arcly on President Jay: Wardene's shthullers. frorkuárir, Tir Irry !!uguro ತಿಳಿಸಿ
LL LLL GLkkL kTL LLLL LLLLGL LGLGLGGLL GHHS LGLT LLa CGLL LLL L S TGGS LLLLL LLLLLL CGGGGLLLLS S S lLLTTLL TTL LLLLLLLLS LLtGT TS KGCTGGG LkLLLaaGLGTT T LLLLLL LLLGGLLEETTGGGG K th
coffer irr Sri Larika. This is the kiri, a
Errrrrrrrrrrrle offrir F1 Ty'hrirl on of Freiko ir . ΗςrειξίμΕίν είΙγιεινή αντι μία επτα Ιε μr Prrgιιι"
* Frdபட்: the H' Fred El)