Page 1
Tanni
TIME
TAMIL TIMES
ISSN 0.266.4488
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION
UKW'India WSri Lanka................ ÉS9.00 Al other"COL"trigs, ...... E15/USS24
Published monthly by TAMIL TIMESLTD P.O. BOX 3O4. LOrdon M13 9ON United Kingdom
CONTENTS
The Secret War..................... 3
UN Human Rights Commission................... 4
News from India.................. 11
T
Plight of Tamil Refugees....... 12
ST|Lik;EPTtE2 gt5T"
di....................................... 14
Il dia A CICLISES, Sri Lälkiä ...... -- 15 Around the world...is Book Reviews...17 ELLETS .18
News From Sri Lanka............. 19
Classified Ads......................
Views expressed by cont ributers aחEוםח necessarily those of the Editor or the pILI bolishi ars.
THE FLublish Eers assument resporisibility for at Lirnofunsolicited manuscripts, photograph, Sari da Ft Watki
Printed By Clarendon Printers Ltd, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire,
BC
AEFALATTACK галga ллогtarfiré репілSшla, аге ал ПошпСапаттt ! sшsрелded. Мал Victin 15 offese, TH1 Londom reported, "Drop Jaffna, the nor" Jaffna, and the will kill or injur 97% of Jaffna's The district is almost daily goverTTert's Ca President Julius "а пnilitaгү sol irħis LI TTE tip II.''
MWth Lowe
Once of the LII explod burbs weighing 55 long and TT; Heat ini di
Although the hawe been Erinpol in LU thickly pupLI
ht|15, EO recently after Pr a in Our Ced his di military victory tants, The Lot L. man Lufacture we 55 kilos and me and 1 feet in Craters of about besides en Surin buildings and ki and rëndër usel Wegetation.
Although the Security clairts these abria bCo hideouts', the wi been civiliars. | attack Carried O. fishing settleme Jaffna peninsul and injured sewel included a 10 ye house and his ne 52 year old retir his wife, The inju
 

75р
VO. W. No. 6 April 1986
ombing And Shelling
Continue
L0S TLT CCL CCCCCCCCLCL TTCCL LCa TCLLSCkHCL CLCM LCT LL CCCCLLCCC CCCLLLCCLL LL aLLCCLCS CCTLTCCCL CCLaL LLTLTTT
сопtiлшiлg oп ал
frtensified scale
despite the recent
y the Minister of Mational Security thaf such aftacks would be CTTCCCCC eTTCCCCS TkTT kMMTC CCTLCLCCLCS CCLCCCCLLCLCC
Eta C5,
Economist (8 March a bomb oп a village in ther most district of charices are that you El TafThis, MOTE: Lhall
population is Tamil. now being bombed
as part of the paign to achieve, as i Jaya Wardeme put It, Lutio LJ the Ti Ti|
rom Genera Zsa
led Pakista ni Tanufactured ilos and measuring d" feat
amater,
helicopter gLshis Oyed to spray bullets läted ärBä5 for Seyeral bings Corti Terced esident Jayawardere BeterminatiOn tO seek, a D'yer Lhe Tari This used are of Pakistani ighing approximately asuring 42 feet long diameter. They leave 200 square yards and, g the destruction of |ling of people, burn ess crops and other
Ministry of National
that the targets of Tibings are "terrorist ctims hawe invariably FLT i 15 tdr Le THE år ut of March 12 Corn a 2nt in the northern killed three people ra | Cothers. The wicti ITS Bar old boy froT one xt door neighbours, B ed prison officer and red included a 13 year
old girl. This attack was carried out by three planes which unloaded 12 bombs. When the planes left, two helicopters flew in and machine9 шппен (пе area,
What the government and the stateControlled media Call||Ti|itarnt "CarTips" or 'hideouts' are usually deserted and abandoned houses in Warious "zones' proclaimed by the security forces which the militants use for a day or two to Cook their food and then move away. The high mobility of the militants who move from one place to another very Swiftly makes the belated aerial attacks purposeless except for terrorising the civilian population. Soon after every attack, even without verification, the g0 Wern Tent USually ClairT15 to Have Hit a 'terrorist hideout' in which so many "terrorists" Fid EE || k || Ed,
The aėriä | ET bär dr Tent:5 Ed the enforcement of "prohibited' or 'SECILI Tity" ZOTIES Of One kird Jr är other have had the effect of driving people from the Coastal areas into the interior towns in search of shelter, Mary of these 'refugees' are without any POSSESSions Whatsoever and hawe to depend on the charity of various Linofficial Organisations, which put ther up in improvised "refugee CarTips'. So The times, whole villages, WhiChi ha WÈ. EJEET EJUT Eyed Tore thal aHLHaLLLLSS SLLLLLLaL S SLLLLLCCLCLLLLL S S LLLLL S LLLS in habitants hawe field.
Tha Earlier relaxatior of thia "prohibited zone" round the northern Coast to allow fishing up to half a Tila of the shore has been withdraw resulting in the total destructio of the fishing industry, with the far milies which followed this occupation stranded and without employment or means of susta ining the Insel was,
The government has established "Security zones' within a radius of Da kilometre of every army Camp in the north and east, Troops are authorised
Corfir 7L Cid Cort bäck page

Page 2
NO F
I DIPLOMACY was governed by the human rights sections of foreign ministries - in Ottawa, The Hague, Stockholm, or even Washington and London - Sri Lanka, a leper nation by every moral standard, would now stand isolated and condemned by the Western democracies. Instead, the truth is that Amnesty International and the rest of the international human rights lobby, valiant though their increasing efforts on behalf of the suffering Tamils are, cut little ice in the world of foreign policy, where national self interest, not morality, dictates government to government decisions.
This is one of the reasons why Colombo's bloodstained thuggery, attempting in vain to squeeze the life out of an heroic people, continues to get away with murder. But it is also the reason why, report after report and protest after protest notwithstanding, Tamils seeking sanctuary in Switzerland, or Holland, or West Germany, or Britain, to name only four countries, find it increasingly difficult to rest their heads in peace and safety, or are subject to cruel new restrictions, as with Britain's demand for entry visas; or are constantly in threat of being pushed back into the bloody nightmare of Sri Lanka, where to be a young Tamil is to have lost the right to a future.
And how much longer must the Tamils - like the Jews before them - increasingly strangers in their own country as well as exiles in the countries of their adoption, tolerate the judgments of this or that foreign office spokesman that it is 'safe' for Tamils to return to Sri Lanka, judgments that the situation, in fact a whirlpool of butchery, fear and violence masked from the 3-day official visitor, is "normal; or that Tamil refugees are in search of economic opportunity rather than political-that is physicalasylum? Racism, obviously, plays some part, and more in some ... countries like Switzerland, notoriously xenophobic, than others. After all, these foreign office 'experts' and immigration officials would never accept for themselves, or their families, conditions - of risk of death, of cruel discrimination, of
Economic Sanction
E RECENT call for economic sanctions against Sri Lanka and a halt to foreign aid is most appropriate and opportune. That the call should emanate from no less a person than Dame Judith Hart, the Chair Person of International Alert, is most significant. An acknowledged friend of Sri Lanka, Dame Judith was the person who approved of the allocation of £100,000,000 of aid towards the Victoria Dam project in Sri Lanka while she was Minister of Overseas Development in the last UK Labour government.
The persistent gross violation of human rights and the preferred option of the Sri Lankan government for a military 'solution' of the ethnic conflict in that country have rightly become a matter of concern for the international community. The fact that nearly 200,000 people belonging to the island's Tamil community have been forced to flee the country to escape the oppressive actions of the government and atrocities committed by its security forces, and seek refuge in many countries, demonstrates that the country's problems have ceased to be an internal matter.
Even though the Sri Lankan regime has, in the past, adopted a cavalier and dismissive attitude to the many authoritative reports from reputable international human rights organisations, it certainly cannot continue to do so, when even the US State Department, in its 1985 Country Reports, has devoted a number of pages to catalogue a series of gross breaches of human rights, including summary executions, disappearances, torture, incommunicado detention and destruction of property by Sri Lankan armed forces.
Democracy in Sri Lanka has received a severe beating since the present regime came to power in 1977. The Tamil community has been subjected to unprecedented violence. The Anglo-American publication, Raymond Gaskill's "Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1984-1985 stated, "... there has been increasingly private violence against
 

APRIL 1986
OOM AT THE INN
destroyed careers, of lives rotting away in Sri Lankan refugee camps - to which they are so ready and willing to condemn those Tamils who have come to their countries in panic and desperation.
But racism, however strong a factor, is not the major issue. The major issue, until the tide turns fully and sweeps away a Duvalier or a Marcos or a Jayawardene, is that business is business, that a rupee (even if smudged with Colombo's bloody fingerprints), or a Voice of America broadcasting station, or an overpriced dam-building contract, count for far more in the market than the agonies of a people.
: As long as this is so, Western state terrorism - which is what it is - will always be tempted to sell yet one more sharpened knife to the butcher in the name of law and order, while Western economic interests will always be tempted to make a fast buck as long as there is a fast buck to be made, whatever the protests of . the ICJ, or the Indian delegate to the UN Commission on Human Rights, or Amnesty International.
The tide, true, has now begun to turn for Colombo: dharmista rule, even if Athulathmudali (temporarily) succeeds to the High Priest's saffron mantle, cannot last forever, while the squeeze on aid for a beleaguered regime intensifies with every month that passes. And as the day of Tamil sovereignty in its Sri Lankan homelands also draws nearer, at immense sacrifice, the Tamils will remember who their friends were, public and private, in their hour of tribulation. Moreover, there was another people, before the Tamils, who also were told ("with great regret, "we are so sorry' etc., etc.) that there was no room for them at the inn, told by the British among others. And six million of them died to prove that the Nazis had been in earnest, they really meant it. So, please, tellus how many more Tamils must pay the same price as the Jews, before the foreign chancelleries take notice? Five hundred? Five thousand? One hundred thousand? One million? Tellus, how many?
sA gainst Sri Lanka
the Tamils, and the government has been unable to protect them or even remain neutral . . . Private rights to movement, residence, religion and occupation are respected in theory, but gangs and even the army have been guilty of widespread looting, destruction and killing in Tamil areas'.
The country reeks of corruption with government party politicos lining their pockets and fattening themselves on the misery of the people. Democratic and trade union rights are ruthlessly suppressed under a never-ending state of emergency.
The Sri Lankan regime has also undertaken a massive programme of militarisation while undermining democratic institutions. An unprecedented 'defence' allocation of over Rs. 6,000,000,000 in the recently announced budget has been increased by a further 2.5 billion rupees thereby making the total 'defence' allocation for 1986 of 8.6 billion rupees or 13 per cent of the total budget. All this money is being wantonly wasted on building up a war machine to wreak death and destruction in the northern and eastern Tamil areas. The government continues with its indiscriminate aerial bombardments of civilian centres in the north and east resulting in many civilian casualties. While Jayawardene's so-called Home Guards are no better than Duvalier's Ton Ton Macoutes, the Mossad trained Commandos of the Special Task Force and the Pakistanitrained black-uniformed Commandos are engaged in a brutal campaign of annihilation like Hitler's storm-troopers.
The Sri Lanka Aid Consortium which is due to meet shortly must realise that every cent of aid that is provided to the present Sri Lankan regime for the ostensible purpose of balancing its huge budget deficit will in reality be applied to finance a brutal and genocidal war against a section of the country's population, the Tamil community, and for the suppression of human rights, the Rule of Law and democracy. That is why the Consortium and other countries that provide aid to Sri Lanka should respond to the call for economic sanctions against Sri Lanka.

Page 3
APRIL 1986
iTHE SECRET
HE CURRENT joke doing the rounds in Colombo is a remark attributed to President Jayawardene. "I have had 43 years of practical experience in politics. Rajiv Gandhi is not yet 43 years old.' Despite the obvious truth of that statement, it has now acquired a macabre mien. While Colombo continues to skeep stalling New Delhi on its supposed quest for peace proposals and a political solution to Sri Lanka's ethnic problem, the septuagenarian Sri Lankan President's security forces are already halfway through implementing a military solution in the eastern province which has left hundreds of innocent civilians dead and ían equal number missing. * Jayawardene's secret war was launched last November when the Sri Lankan security forces escalated their offensive in the eastern province against Tamil militants, with one crucial difference - this time the targets were all Tamil youths between the ages of 14 and 40. The most visible scars of the new assault are to be seen in the small, decrepit town of Batticaloa, which today resembles a war zone with trenches
dotting the main roads and machine gun
emplacements at street corners. i; it is clearly a one-sided encounter. Under the state-of-emergency facade, all Tamil houses in the vicinity of the air base have been bulldozed overnight and their occupants herded into shacks. They were given compensation of a niggardly Rs 2,000 even though most of the houses were worth several hundred thousand Sri Lankan rupees. Further, all garden walls in the town have been demolished on the excuse
that they could provide potential cover for an
ambush, and replaced with barbed wire.
Simultaneously, the security forces have launched a two-pronged offensive that is nothing short of barbaric. Any retaliation by Tamil militant forces is a signal for a sweeping search and cordon operation in the area. Security forces cordon off the area and swarm through all the houses in the vicinity and pick up any Tamil who is in the 14-40 age group.
The sequel is described in the words of a government employee from Trincomalee: “They took us to the army camp and made us stand in a queue according to age and occupation. Then a man with a sack on his head who they said was an informer but looked like a member of the security forces pointed to youngsters who were made to stand in a 'separate line. One of them was my nephew who had just finished his studies at a technological college and obtained a job with a Japanese firm. They said he was a terroristand they were taken away to the detention centre at Boosa.'
What happens there is anybody's guess. There is not a single family in the eastern province which has not had a brother, son or husband taken away to the detention centres. Houses gutted in Batticaloa.
Sam Thambim committee in Ba two or three wo report a missing alone. “We on about missing p and we already SO BRUTA a crackdown and that all they cau out the litany of On January killed in an am cordon and seal youths were g labourers, stuc church workers church. Accordi priest, the three run and then sho On Decembe an army jeep ki five innocent Ta houses burned Kandapar Jeev Kulanthavel, 34 Veerakulasingh Kandaswamy, 3 Nine Tamily Lake Road, Bat Among them we their A levels, Sritharan Socka
Says Father driver was arres he has lost the u
... is so bad that I w
peace proposals ages of 14 and eastern province That, howeve security forces v over the last six repression by s provinces rathe north - has one t dilute the Tamil and east into a this movement.
This is essent brutality on the months has cent port city that hol
* Sri Lankan st
Trincomalee is Sinhalese, Musli few months hu have been attacl an attempt te According to In in Colombo, the refugee camps i
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

WAR
uthu, head of the citizen's tticaloa, says that an average of . men come to him every day to relative in the Batticaloa area ly started compiling statistics eople about three months ago have 186 names.' ' nd reprehensible has been the ' ,
eprisals on the terrified Tamils .
1 do now is unemotionally list the dead. . . . . . . . 9, 1986, two policemen were bush in Iruthyapuram. In the ch operation that followed, 23 unned down. They included lents, watchmen and three from the local Sacred Heart ng to an eyewitness, the parish. church workers were told to it in the back.
1, 1985, a grenade thrown at led one officer. Subsequently, mil men were killed and their and looted. They were anandam, 40, Selvanayagam 4, Velupillai Ponnudarai, 35, am, 30, Pillanayanthamby 6. ,- ouths were shot dead gn the ticaloa, on November 11, 1985. 're two schoolboys studying for Jude Koviliparampil, 17, and tingam, 17.
Chandra Fernando, whose ted and tortured so badly that se of one hand: “The situation vould say before we can talk of all Tamil males between the 40 must be taken out of the
r, seems to be exactly what the vant. The Sri Lankan strategy months - to concentrate the ecurity forces in the eastern r than the Tamill-dominated basic and obvious objective. To demand for linkage of the north single linguistic province with
ially why the crackdown and : Tamil population in recent ered around Trincomalee, the ds the key to the success of the rategy. The population of
equally divided between ms and Tamils and in the past ndreds of Tamil settlements ked and razed to the ground in drive them northwards.
lian High Commission sources re are currently 8,645 Tamils in the Trincomalee district and
ambivalence.
February when it
... draft
far. ༣
TAMILTIMES3
another 19,800 whose livelihood has been seriously threatened.
What is less easier to understand is the strategy of the Indian Government in virtually turning a blind eye to the atrocities and banking heavily on the eventual success of the peace negotiations. The Indian High Commission in Colombo has been sending detailed accounts of
the repression of the last few months but so far New Delhi has played a wait and watch game.
Diplomatic sources say that Indian High Commissioner i J.N.-e. Dixit is, is becoming increasingly , frustrated at New Delhi's
The body of schoolboy Jude.
There is increasing agreement in Colombo's diplomatic circles that New Delhi is having the wool pulled over its eyes by the Jayawardene Government where the peace proposals are concerned. This was clearly evidenced by the last minute cancellation of foreign secretary Romesh Bhandari's visit to Colombo in early was discovered that Jayawardene's 57-page response to the TULF proposals contained not a single concession to the three main demands. -
Meanwhile, the hardliners in the Sri Lankan Government seem to be gaining increasing
support in their call for a military solution to the
problem from the majority Sinhalese, the Buddhist clergy and the opposition parties. In Kandy, the Asgiriya Mahanayake, one of the five Buddhist head monks, told INDIA TODAY that the main Tamil demands were totally untenable. “Asking for the north and east to be linked is virtually creating a separate country containing two thirds of our coastline. As for their own police force, they will use it only to go
to war with us." Leader of the Opposition in Parliament, Anura Bandaranaike added that in
his view military repression “was necessary to control terrorism'.
National Security
Minister Lalith
: Athulathmudali, however, continues to deny
that innocent Tamils are being killed. Referring
to the Iruthyapuram massacre, he exploded:
“Who told you they were innocent? This is typical of the Tamil disinformation service in Madras. It is simply not true. Everyone who was killed in Iruthyapuram was a terrorist.”
Clearly, the Sri Lankan Government is convinced that the Tamil militants will have to be dealt with as a military problem quite separate from the political negotiations for ethnic peace. The militants, on their part, are convinced that they can hold out and eventually win in an armed struggle. With both sides unyielding, Sri Lanka is further away from solving the ethnic crisis than it was a year ago. There was, however, some indication last fortnight that the Indian Government had finally woken up to the fact that Colombo's pious posturing on the ethnic issue is merely an excuse to buy time. The foreign office is now busy undertaking a major review of its Sri Lankan policy and there are indications that in its future dealings with Colombo, New Delhi will take an infinitely harder line than it has so
Gourtesy:NDA: Top4Y, March 15, 1985

Page 4
4TAMILMES
UN UMANI RIGHTS COMMISSION
Sri Lanka on Trial
} ** * . ŠRI LANKA was not an item on the agenda. Even the attempt by some human rights Non-Governmental Organisations to get a resolution placed on the agenda did not materialise. However, Sri Lanka's record of gross abuse of human rights, the indiscriminate excesses committed by its security forces against Tamil civilians and the government's aerial bombardment of Tamil areas figured prominently before the recently held (February-March 1986) 42nd sessions of the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva. * . :.
Speaker after speaker referred to the escalation of violence, the breakdown in negotiations, army excesses, arbitrary killing of civilians, systematic use of torture, involuntary disappearance of persons and the senseless aerial attacks on thickly populated civilian centres in the Tamil areas of Sri Lanka.
While the open clash between India and Sri Lanka before this prestigious international forum reflected the growing chasm in relations between the two countries, the fact that not a single country or Non-Governmental Organisation made any statement, even remotely supportive of the Sri Lankan government, demonstrated the growing concern of all countries about the rapid deterioration of the situation in Sri Lanka in general, and its human rights record in particular.
The International Emergency Committee on Sri Lanka, an arm of International Alert founded in 1985, with such eminent figures as Bishop Desmond Tutu, Andrew Young, Dame Judith Hart, Niall MacDermot, Ben Whitaker, Theo van Boven and Martin Ennals in its ranks, "to focus attention on problems of group conflict which violate human rights, inhibit development, and result in mass killings and even genocide', came out with its first publication, "Emergency Sri Lanka, 1986" in time for this year's Human Rights Commission's sittings. In the Preface to this publication, Dame Judith Hart stated: “Events during the past few years have brought Sri Lanka to the centre of international concern. It is a tragedy that a country which has made such progress since independence in its economic and social development - with its tremendous achievements in literacy and health - should now be so deeply torn by strife. It is even more tragic that it has become a country where human rights are no longer respected. Given the well-documented and authoritative evidence on this, the best friends of Sri Lanka cannot be other than deeply concerned and anxious for its future."
Not content with a mere publication, Dame Judith Hart, who as Minister for Overseas Development in the last British Labour government approved £100,000,000 as aid to Sri Lanka for irrigation projects; appeared at a press conference held on 23 February 1986 within the premises of the UN Headquarters at Geneva and called for a halt to economic aid to Sri Lanka in view of the record of gross abuse of human rights and violence against the Tamil minority in that country. The blind rage and paranoia with which the Sri Lankan leadership is afflicted, and its total lack of sensitivity in respect of criticism coming from even its best friends were demonstrated in ample measure when Mr. H. W. Jayawardene, the Sri Lankan President's brother, reacted in his statement on 5 March 1986 before the Human Rights Commission as follows: "We will, Mr. Chairman, continue to safeguard our independence and unity no matter whether there be threats against us or diabolical attempts in certain quarters to deny us international economic assistance. We take pride in our history and achievements, however small they may be, but we refuse to be coerced or intimidated by foreigners who pose as human rights activists.' That this was a clear reference to Dame Judith Hart's call for boycott of economic aid to Sri Lanka is beyond doubt.
Many Non-Governmental Organisations, enjoying consultative status with the United Nations, had expressed a continuing concern about the gross violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Sri Lanka in the context of the escalating ethnic conflict. A document titled "Govi. Turns Towards Military Option, Peace Efforts End and Human Rights
4} 。
 

APRIL 1986
By our Geneva correspondent
Violations Continue' signed by eleven Non-Governmental Organisations was circulated among delegates and observers who attended the Commission's sessions.
Mr. H. W. Jayawardene, who , headed the Sri Lankan delegation, in an attempt to forestall any discussion on the human rights situation in his country, sought to divert the attention of those attending the Commission by concentrating his verbal onslaught on so-called 'separatist terrorists' and 'narcotic peddlers' etc. He also appeared to take delight in denigrating the several thousands of Tamils who had fled from military terror in Sri Lanka and found refuge in European countries by branding them as “economic refugees', connecting them with the narcotic trade' and describing them as "purveyors of lingering death to the youth in Western European states'. This he did in callous and contemptuous disregard for the plight of the Tamils who had abandoned their homes, their kith and kin, and their worldly possessions in the land of their birth and sought refuge in foreign lands, very often living in conditions of severe hardship and not infrequently incurring the displeasure and sometimes resentment of some sections of society in the host countries. That the attempt of the Sri Lankan delegate, in the person of the President's own brother, to use the occasion of the Human Rights Commission's sessions to incite hatred and inflame opinion against Tamil refugees by wildly exaggerated accounts of the 'narcotic connection' was seen by many as indicative of the complete lack of concern and consideration on the part of the government of Sri Lanka for the Tamil people of that country. - . .
While the Human Rights Commission was in session, reports appeared in the Swiss press about the Swiss government's decision to compulsorily return Tamil refugees to Sri Lanka on the ground that conditions in south Sri Lanka were safe for them.
That this announcement of the Swiss government was immediately preceded by a visit to Switzerland by the Sri Lankan Foreign Minister, Mr. Shahul Hameed, requesting that the Tamils be returned was seen as not unrelated to the Swiss government's sudden volte face on the question of Tamil refugees. Unfortunately for the Swiss government and the Sri Lankan Foreign Minister, immediately following the announcement to compulsorily return the Tamil refugees, details of a secret report by two senior Swiss government officials, who visited Sri Lanka in December 1985, were “leaked and appeared in the Swiss press. Among other matters, the secret report stated: (a) “the security forces are following a policy of terror”; (b) The Secretary to the Ministry of Defence, General Attygala, told the Swiss delegation, "All those who are requesting asylum are criminals who have left the country to avoid pursuit. 70% of those repatriated will be considered to be terrorists. . .'; and (c) “This mission rejects the possibility that Tamils from the north and east could set foot in the south: "Anyone who is visited by a Tamil is denounced to the police. Mistrust between the different ethnic groups is too great '.
Following the appearance of details of the secret report by the Swiss mission to Sri Lanka, many Non-Governmental Organisations voiced serious criticism of the Swiss government's decision before the Human Rights Commission, and challenged it to make the report available to the Commission so that it might better understand the true situation in Sri Lanka. Although Switzerland is not a member of the United Nations, and therefore has no status to participate or speak before the Human Rights Commission, embarrassed by the leaking of the secret report and stung by the severe criticism levelled at it, the Swiss government sought and was granted special permission by the Chairman of the Commission to make a statement in which the Swiss delegate undertook to give serious and careful consideration before any Tamil was compulsorily returned to Sri Lanka.
Burdened with over 125,000 Sri Lankan Tamil refugees within its territory, and incensed that its genuine efforts to assist in bringing about a peaceful resolution of the ethnic conflict had

Page 5
APRIL'1986
been reciprocated only with intransigence, delaying tactics declarations of seeking a military solution by the Sri Lar government, the Indian delegation's interventions before Commission were forthright and blunt in their criticism of th Lankan regime. Replying on every occasion Sri Lanka took floor, India charged that the “violence directed against the T minorities is indiscriminate and makes no distinction betw those engaged in conflict and innocent civilians, whether r women or even children. This is a matter of the utmost concer us in India. . . The stories related by the hapless and torme refugees arriving on our shores make it clear that the actions o government of Sri Lanka have resulted in serious violations o human rights of Sri Lanka's Tamil citizens living in the Nort and Eastern provinces of that country. The blatant killing innocent civilians, through ground, naval and air actions, beginning to look like the victimisation of the entire communi Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sri Lankan security forces. Attack innocent civilians have been repeated too often, with e increasing severity. They have been picked up on mere suspic brutally tortured and some even killed.'
Accusing the Sri Lankan government of evading the is through misrepresentation of the real situation be international forums, the Indian delegation pointed out: “Th Lanka representative has questioned the authenticity of rep on human rights violations by the Sri Lanka security foi
The Tamil Commun
Statement by Dr. G.S. Dhillon, Leader of UN Human
THE COMMISSION on Human Rights is meeting at a time v the condition of minorities in Sri Lanka has become precarious. The Commission has in its deliberations in the shown its concern for the minorities in Sri Lanka. The very sel escalation in the violence in the Northern and Eastern provi of Sri Lanka, however, poses a challenge now to all those in Commission who are concerned with the human rights.
There is very clear evidence now emanating that viol directed against the Tamil minorities is indiscriminate and m no distinction between those engaged in conflict and inno civilians, whether men, women or even children. This is a matt the utmost concern for us in India. Over one hundred and tw five thousand Sri Lankan Tamils have sought refuge in India, around forty five thousand more, here in Western Europe. U present circumstances, there is no prospect of their being ab return to their homes in safety and dignity. The influx of refu not only continues unabated, but threatens to cont indefinitely. The stories related by the hapless and torme refugees arriving on our shores make it clear that the actions o Government of Sri Lanka have resulted in serious violation the human rights of Sri Lanka's Tamil citizens living in Northern and Eastern provinces of that country. The bla killings of innocent civilians, through ground, navaland air act are beginning to look like the victimisation of the entire comm of Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sri Lankansecurity forces. Attack 'innocent civilians have been repeated too often, with e increasing severity. They have been picked up on mere suspic brutally tortured and some even killed.
For us, and for , all the friends of Sri Lanka, these developments that we view with justified disquiet and une You will recall, Mr. Chairman, that this Commission, at its session, appealed to all parties in Sri Lanka to continue to necessary measures to strengthen and maintain peace and res harmony among the people of Sri Lanka.
There had been some grounds for optimism towards the mi of last year when a de-facto cease-fire had been arranged betw Government forces and the Tamil militants, and, through good offices of the Government of India, talks had been

TAMILTIMES5
UNHUMANRGETS COMMISSION
and nkan the
e Sri
the amil
VEC
men, n for nted f the f the hern is of
3I「● ty of SO
W€ICion,
sües fore e Sri OrtS rces.
Reports about violations of human rights have been based on incontrovertible evidence collected by objective international observers. The human rights problem of Sri Lanka is inevitably of grave concern to the international community as a whole and to India in particular and we remain convinced that it can be addressed only through urgently needed constructive political actions on the ground . . .''.
Among the various Non-Governmental Organisations which intervened, the Anti-Slavery Society, the International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples, the Procedural Aspects of International Law Institute, Pax Romana and Pax Christi International made substantial interventions dealing in detail with the gross abuse of human rights in Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan regime's recent crack-down against Sinhalese political and civil rights activists in the south of the country, including their incommunicado detention under the provisions of the Prevention of Terrorism Act and Emergency Regulations, was raised for the first time before a UN forum by the representative of the AntiSlavery Society. ; :
Although no judgment was pronounced by the Human Rights Commission this year, there was no doubt that Sri Lanka was on trial. And those concerned with human rights and fundamental freedoms would appear to be determined to prosecute this trial to its logical conclusion in the next session. -
ity - Blatantly Victimised the Indian Delegation, on 5 March 1986 before the
Rights Commission
vhen
very past rious
TCCS this
eCe akes cent er of enty and nder le tO
gees
inue.
nted f the ns of
the tant tions Inity SO
Vercion,
。3「●
aSt. 1984 take tOTC
ddle
Wee
the held
between the parties to the ethnic conflict. Subsequently, a Ceasefire Monitoring Committee was set up by the Government of Sri Lanka with the participation of representatives of the Tamil minority. These were all heartening developments.
Unfortunately, from the last quarter of 1985, the process of seeking a peaceful solution to the ethnic problem in Sri Lanka has received a serious set-back. The cease-fire appears to have broken down, and the continuing violence has led to an appalling loss of life among the civilian minority population. Tamil confidence in the credibility of the Ceasefire Monitoring Committee has been eroded by the resignation of two of the three Tamil members, who left on the grounds that the Committee was not being allowed to function independently. This is a matter of great concern. The peace process appears to have floundered, and a number of recent statements attributed to the highest levels of the Sri Lankan leadership indicate that the Government of Sri Lanka is determined to first pursue a military solution to this problem. These statements provide the explanation why the peace process has not made much progress, namely, the lack of a firm commitment to a political solution on the part of the Sri Lankan authorities. ;
India has traditionally had close and cordial ties with Sri Lanka. : We value these links. We share a common culture, religious heritage and ethnic background with both the majority and the minority communities in Sri Lanka. We have been, and are, totally opposed to all forms of violence, and we firmly support the unity and territorial integrity of Sri Lanka. We have extended our good offices to bring the parties to the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka together so that a peaceful settlement could be worked out. This is the only path to a solution and it is our earnest hope that all parties in Sri Lanka will renounce the use of arms to solve what is essentially a social and political problem.
In any such situation the major responsibility for restoring the confidence of the aggrieved Tamil minority lies with the Government of Sri Lanka. Conditions have to be created which will enable the minorities to live in harmony and equality with the majority in Sri Lanka as the island is the home of all these communities.

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Human Rights Vio a Matter of Inter
Statement by Dr, G. S. Dhillon, Leader of the Ir - UN Human Rig
IT IS a matter of deep dismay and regret for the delegation of India that in his statement this morning the Sri Lanka representative elected to characterise our statements of March 5 as one of “ill grace'. I had, Mr. Chairman, spoken on that occasion on a careful, considered, objective and factual basis so that the Human Rights Commission could acquaint itself with the problem and extent of human rights violations in Sri Lanka. The statement of the representative of Sri Lanka constitutes a negation of the spirit of constructive dialogue which has characterised exchanges between our two Governments on the ethnic issue in Sri Lanka and to which the representative of Sri Lanka had himself earlier made generous reference. We made our statement on the human rights situation in Sri Lanka on the basis of our knowledge of the situation and our consequential concern and not in response to statements made by individual delegations. I am now taking the floor to respond to some of the points made by the representative of Sri Lanka in order to set the record straight. - - -a- ... YThe Sri Lanka representative has questioned the authenticity of reports on human rights violations by the Sri Lanka security forces. Reports about violations of human rights have been based on incontrovertible evidence collected by objective international. observers. The human rights problem of Sri Lanka is inevitably of grave concern to the international community as a whole and to India in particular and we remain convinced that it can be addressed only through urgently needed constructive political actions on the ground rather than through efforts to evade the issue through misrepresentation of the situation in international organisations. - y
We have noted that the Sri Lankan representative has affirmed that his Government remains committed to seeking a political situation to the ongoing ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka. My Government has repeatedly stressed, including at the highest level, the imperative necessity of ending violence and engaging in constructive dialogue. The crux of the problem lies not in the extermination of those holding legitimately different views but in
Sri Lanka, Hell Ben: Statement by D. Wanderweid, representative of : . . . . . ; before the UN Huma
MR. CHAIRMAN, last night the distinguished delegate of Sri Lanka made a long statement about his government's attempts to seek a political Solution and the human rights situation in that country. Even as he was delivering his statement, the unarmed and defenceless Tamil civilians of the small island lying two or three miles off the northern coast of Jaffna were counting the casualties, the victims, the damage and the destruction inflicted by the indiscriminate lethal blows of the Sri Lankan security forces.
We are in possession of a telex message of the happenings which took place yesterday (4 March 1986) morning. In ruthless retaliation to a land mine explosion presumably planted by a group of Tamil militants in a naval boat, the Sri Lankan navy went on a rampage in this island of Nainativu - they set fire to an ancient Hindu temple; several shops and houses were set ablaze; at least f 10 people were killed and scores of civilians were injured as the navy ran berserk in an uncontrolled orgy of indiscriminate machine gun fire. The Assistant Government Agent caused the injured civilians to be admitted to the Jaffna General Hospital.
i

APRIL 1986
'ations in Sri Lanka, national Concern dian Delegation, on 10 March 1986 before the
hts Commission
seeking a political understanding with a view to meeting the legitimate demands of all sections of Sri Lankan society, including the ethnic minority in Sri Lanka. Our Prime Minister has pointed out that it is one thing to deal with terrorists but quite another to victimise huge segments of the population just because they happen to belong to a particular ethnic group. Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi stated only last week, on the 5th of March, that India wanted the Sri Lanka Government not merely to profess that it desired a political solution to the ethnic problem but also to take specific action towards that solution. 1
The causes of the exodus of refugees from Sri Lanka, to which we in India have to bear an unacceptable burden, have been fully documented and established by a number of Governments and respectable international human rights organisations. Not only did refugees feel obliged to flee their homes because of violence visited on them, including by police and military authorities, but it has been also conclusively established that conditions for their return in dignity and honour to Sri Lanka have not been created by the authorities. The exodus of refugees is continuing and they
have perforce to live outside their country for what now appears
to be an indefinite period.
The Government of India basheen and continues to be totally
opposed to all forms of violence in dealing with the ethnic conflict
or prepared on our territory.
in Sri Lanka and has taken all the necessary steps to ensure that no
action of violence against a neighbouring country can be planned
f I would like to reiterate. Mr. Chairman, that we have a deèp and abiding interest in restoring communal amity in Sri Lanka
with whom we have had traditionally close and cordial ties. We
shall continue our endeavour to ensure that all parties concerned adhere to the path of engaging in constructive negotiations without further delay and loss of life. We have very recently been constrained to convey to the Sri Lanka Government in the plainest terms that their present attitude and policies would only
result in prolongation of the agony and tragedy faced by its people. It is our determined endeavour to reverse this situation.
s
ton Military Option
the Anti-Slavery Society, made on 5 March 1986 In Rights Commission s
Over 350 families have been rendered homeless.
Mr. Chairman, this type of indiscriminate violence carried out by the Sri Lankan armed forces against civilians and their property is one of the main causes of concern for international human rights groups. Let me assure the distinguished Sri Lankan delegate that we are duped neither by the propaganda of the Tamil militants or separatists, nor that of the Sri Lanka government. : ; : '', , , , '" . ء’’
Mr. Chairman, the violence and violations of human rights have escalated during the last year. Last year, when the Commission met, there was a remote possibility of negotiations between the parties initiated with the good offices of India. Unfortunately, as the Commission meets this year, the developments in Sri Lanka have assumed a purely military dimension. This is best illustrated by the government's use of helicopters and attack aircraft to carry out aerial bombardments into thickly populated civilian centres in what are described as
search and destroy missions resulting in many civilian casualties.

Page 7
APRIL 1986
The Financial Times (London) of 28 February 1986, in
reporting of these air attacks, said:
"Sri Lanka aircraft and helicopter gunships conducted ai strikes in the northern peninsula yesterday in what the Defence Ministry called pre-emptive strikes. This is the second time the government has admitted the use of aircraft, although Tamil citizens committees have complained of air attacks since last year. In yesterday's action, three persons were killed and several injured.
"In an air strike last week, the government said eight rebels and five civilians were killed. An independent Tamil daily in Colombo said that a Hindu priest and a 60 year old woman were among those killed.'
The Indian Foreign Minister, in the Indian Parliament, described these aerial bombardments in which innocent Tamil civilians are killed as manifesting "elements of genocide. - In spite of the protestations of the Sri Lankan delegate that his government is dedicated to a negotiated peaceful solution, the recent statements of the Sri Lankan President demonstrate that the government is hell bent on a military option. In an interview
Incommunicado De
Intervention by P. Rajanayagam, Secretary, Η : Anti-Slavery Socie
MR. CHAIRMAN, wè welcome the report of the Special Rapporter on Torture as a step in the right direction. Particularly most welcome is his victim-oriented approach to his task as well as his identification of a common link between torture, enforced or involuntary disappearances and summary or arbitrary executions, all of which are facilitated by prolonged incommunicado detentions.
Mr. Chairman, almost all the conditions under which torture is practised and listed by the Special Rapporter, are prevalent in Sri Lanka, which make it an ideal example for a case study. The provisions of the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) and the Emergency Regulations promulgated under the Public Security Ordinance under which Sri Lanka has been ruled for some years create the ideal and classic conditions under which the interrelated violations of human rights such as torture, disappearances and excecutions occur. s i
The PTA authorises detention of persons up to 18 months and the Emergency Regulations for an indefinite period. Detention orders are theoretically made by the Minister of Defence, a portfolio held by the President. However, Paul Sieghart, Chairman of Justice, the British Section of the International Commission of Jurists, who visited Sri Lanka on an ICJ mission in February 1984 concluded, "I am regretfully left with the impression that neither the Secretary nor the Minister in practice do much more than accede to the routine applications that are put before them, without either testing the case that is put, or laying down firm policy directives . . ."
The PTA and the Emergency Regulations authorise incommunicado detention in such places and under such conditions as the government determines. Detainees under the PTA are invariably held in army camps located in various parts of the country. They can be, and in fact they are, transferred or taken from one place of detention to another without any information being given to the relatives or legal advisers regarding the whereabouts of detainees. In fact, one of the standard conditions prescribed for PTA detainees provides, “The suspect will not be permitted to have any visitors'. : ; ; ;
Referring to the arrest and incommunicado detention of nearly 200 persons, this time mostly Sinhalese political and civil rights activists from South Sri Lanka, carried out in December 1985, the Civil Rights Movement of Sri Lanka pointed out that those

TAMITIMES 7
UN HUMANI RIGHTS COMMISSION
published in the magazine, “India Today' of 15 December 1985, the President said: ܗܝ
“The Tamil problem is more a military problem and any military problem has to be tackled militarily ... We were not ready earlier. Now we are acquiring arms and getting our soldiers trained. We are getting ready for a decisive military action if nothing comes out of the negotiations . . . Already there is a strong feeling that we should stop all these talks and strike again.” The cost to human lives in adopting such a military option is clearly incalculable. Already over 200,000 Tamil refugees are dispersed throughout the world undergoing severe hardship. And India has clearly shown its eagerness and commitment to helping Sri Lanka in arriving at a negotiated political solution. Until such a solution is reached, and the gross violation of human rights, including arbitrary killings, involuntary disappearances and systematic use of torture practised in Sri Lanka and documented in meticulous detail by international human rights groups, including Amnesty International, we as a Non-Governmental Organisation, together with others, will continue to express our concern. n
*tention and Torture
3 Rights Council S.C.O.T. on behalf of the ety on 12 March 1986
detained were being held in various police stations, often under acutely uncomfortable physical conditions, and in general without the right of access to family members or lawyers. In many instances, the families of the detainees had not been informed regarding their whereabouts.
The fact that persons are held in detention for prolonged periods without their being charged or brought to trial constitutes a clear violation of Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. SS S SS S SDDS SJSS - s Detainees under the PTA are also held in conditions which amount to no less than terture, or degrading or inhuman treatment. There is documented evidence that detainees have been kept in a handcuffed position on the floor or kept chained to the walls for several months. In this process, several of the provisions of the United Nations Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners have been flagrantly violated.
. Both the PTA and Emergency Regulations prohibit any judicial challenge of detention orders. Section 10 of the PTA provides that a detention order made by the Minister shall be final and not be called into question in any court or tribunal by way of writor otherwise. The government of Sri Lanka seeks to mitigate the criticism levelled at this prohibition of judicial challenge by drawing attention to the availability of habeas corpus petitions and Article 126 of the Constitution under which a person whose fundamental rights are infringed can apply to court for redress. In practice, these remedies have not only been ineffective, but also unavailable to the vast majority of the victims of arbitrary and incommunicado detention. In this connection, in a recent statement reported in a Colombo English daily, “The Island of 20 January 1986, the President of the Law Society of Sri Lanka stated, “Since it is a tedious legal process which entails inordinate delays, a Habeas Corpus application does not serve the intended purpose. Ouite a large number of applications in respect of persons about whom nothing is known after arrest is still pending in the Appeal Court.' ; : * . . . . . . -
The Sri Lankan government's claim that the provision in the PTA and Emergency Regulations enabling detainees or their relatives to make representations to an Advisory Board appointed by the President provides a sufficient remedial mechanism for aggrieved detainees is rather tenuous. A delegation of the UK Parliamentary Human Rights Group which
拓K猩“

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UN HUMAN RGHTS COMMISSION
visited Sri Lanka in February 1985 stated, “The problem is that it frequently takes several months for the parent's letter requesting a review to reach the Advisory Board via the Ministry of Defence. And, once the Board has made its recommendation, it takes several more months before the Ministry of Defence acts upon it. When presented with this situation, the Minister of National Security first discounted it. Then, on being presented with several dozen cases, the Minister pleaded that there was a shortage of clerks. We found this attitude extremely disturbing.'
Mr. Chairman, if one is asked to single out the most important factor which has contributed to a systematic practice of torture in Sri Lanka, it is the provision that enables the use of confessions extracted during detention in evidence not only against the person who makes it, but also against third parties. The provisions of the PTA and Emergency Regulations are similar in this regard. As noted by the Special Rapporter, incommunicado detention under oppressive conditions makes the situation conducive, and the detainees most vulnerable, to torture, while the practice of torture becomes worthwhile and rewarding when information or confessions are made admissible in evidence. This is exactly what the PTA and Emergency Regulations do in Sri Lanka. In an attempt to deflect criticism on this point, the government of Sri Lanka has often suggested that there were provisions in these laws to exclude evidence if it is proved that such evidence was by the use of torture. I can only recall what the Special Rapporter has said on this point. He said that torture by its very nature takes place in isolation in interrogation centres, in places of detention and in prisons where detainees are normally held. In most cases, there are no eye-witnesses other than the victims and the torturers. Secrecy surrounds the practice of torture and this secrecy is created and protected most effectively by incommunicado detention. There are also a considerable number of techniques of torture which leave no traceable marks on the body, although they invariably leave permanent marks on the mind. In cases where the victim is still under detention, it is impossible to obtain conclusive evidence they had been tortured. Mr. Chairman, the Sri Lankan delegate categorically denied that any person arrested had been tortured or executed. If this distinguished Commission were to believe that denial, then it
The Swiss Secret Repor
Statement by Mr. Hurst Hannum on behalf of 11 Non | before the UN Human ۔۔۔۔۔۔
MR. CHAIRMAN, this brief statement expresses the views of the following non-governmental organisations, in addition to the Procedural Aspects of International Law Institute: International Commission of Jurists, International Association of Democratic Lawyers, International League for Human Rights, Arab Lawyers Union, International Federation of Human Rights, Human Rights Advocates, International Fellowship of Reconciliation, International Human Rights Law Group, Anti-Slavery Society, International League for Rights and Liberation of Peoples. ... We must express our dismay at the decision of the Government of Switzerland this week to reverse its 1984 decision, reaffirmed late last year, not to repatriate Tamil refugees to Sri Lanka. Some 289 Tamils are immediately subject to deportation, and another 5,193 Tamil applications for refugee status are still pending. The seriousness of the situation in Sri Lanka, including the Sri Lankan Government's admitted aerial bombardment of Tamil areas, has been described to the Commission over the past few days by, among others, the delegations of Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
In view of this deteriorating situation, we urge the Government of Switzerland to reconsider its action in this matter.
While this concludes my prepared statement, I would like to bring to the attention of the Commission two relevant press reports that appeared in this morning's edition of Le Matin and La Tribune Geneve. Both refer to a report prepared by a delegation of the Swiss Federal Police which visited Sri Lanka from 14-24
I
t

APRIL 1986
ould also believe that the Nazis never persecuted the Jews. The est Amnesty International's Sri Lanka File on Torture blished in October 1985 documents a depressing and distressing talogue of torture systematically practised in Sri Lanka. I will tly cite one example from that report. In this case, the victim was :tained in an army camp in late December 1983. He claimed that was beaten for several hours with rifles, iron rods and plastic pes. He was suspended with a rope with his arms being tied gether. A tray of burning coal was placed directly under him. e was beaten and hit on the soles of his feet. A paste made of illi powder and water was applied into his eyes and ears and pon his genitals. Ten months later, a medical examination onducted on the victim at the request of the Amnesty Iternational found, "... the remaining physical scars confirm e essential story. The multiple faint scars criss-crossing his back e typical of a beating. The scars above each elbow are consistent ith abrasions caused by a restraining rope tying the arms gether. Paralysis in the median and radial nerve distribution on le left was confirmed at this medical examination in 1984'. As for the Sri Lankan delegate's denial of deaths in custody, Ir. Chairman, here is one example cited in the same Amnesty eport: A young man named W.A. Dayaratne arrested on uspicion of theft died in custody on 28 March 1985. At the quest, the Magistrate held he died as a result of police assault. Mr. Chairman, despite the protestations to the contrary by the overnment of Sri Lanka, the use of torture is widespread and niversally practised in that country, particularly those held under he PTA and Emergency Regulations. The use of torture is so idespread that it can no longer be regarded the result of hdividual excesses, nor simply as an over-reaction by enthusiastic fficers. The fact that the use of torture is not an exception but has eveloped into almost a routine is a reflection of the reality that it as become an integral part of the institutionalised repressive hachinery of the State. . . .
The government of Sri Lanka has attempted to divert the ttention of delegates of this Commission by raising the spectre of eparatism and terrorism, instead of responding to the several letailed allegations of gross violations of human rights including orture, involuntary disappearances and summary executions.
t' and Tamil Refugees
-Governmental Organisations on 12 March 1986 Rights Commission
)ecember 1985 in order to assess the situation there. < x.
As stated in La Tribune de Geneve, "The confidential report of e two experts is frightening and largely contradicts Monday's peech by Federal Counselor Elisabeth Kopp concerning the apatriation of Tamils.' With respect to the situation in the north of ri Lanka, the Swiss report indicates that ". . . the security forces re following a policy of terror'.
The delegation spoke with officials of the Sri Lankan overnment including the person responsible for defence and 2curity. He (General Attygalla) reportedly told the delegation hat “all those who are requesting asylum are criminals who have :ft the country to avoid pursuit. 70% of those repatriated will be onsidered to be terrorists . . .' Le Matin specifies further that: “The mission rejects the ossibility that Tamils from the north and east could set foot in the outh; “Anyone who is visited by a Tamil is denounced to the police. 1istrust between the different ethnic groups is too great.' ' ; The Procedural Aspects of International Law Institute can only apport the conclusion of the Swiss Federal Police that Tamil 2fugees returned to the north or east of Sri Lanka would be xposed to "great risks'. We would respectfully call upon the wiss government not only to reconsider the implications of the 2port of its own federal police, but also to consider providing opies of that report to members of the Commission on Human lights, so that the Commission might understand the present tuation in Sri Lanka.

Page 9
APRIL 1986
On Disappearan
Statement by Verena Graf, representative of the Int Peoples, on 11 March 1986 before t
f : . . . . MAY WE draw the attention of distinguished delegates to our written statement dated 14 February 1985, E/CN.4/1985/NGO/ 23, in which our organization expressed its deep concern about the widespread use of the practice of "enforced or involuntary disappearances' in many parts of the world. We pointed out that this practice is totally incompatible with the fundamental principles of human rights and freedoms of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations.
... We now take this opportunity to deal specifically with Sri Lanka where the practice of enforced or involuntary disappearances would appear to be assuming alarming proportions. As an organization concerned with the rights and liberation of peoples, we are particularly disturbed that this undesirable practice is taking place in Sri Lanka in the context of an ethnic conflict, the main victims of this practice being the Tamil people. In this connection, we wish to invite the attention of distinguished delegates to the Report of the Working Group on this subject, namely E/CN.4/1986/18 of 24 January 1986, page 78 to 82.
* The response of the government of Sri Lanka to the 197 cases of disappearances referred to it by the Working Group, is most shocking. In only three cases has the government provided satisfactory explanations as to their whereabouts. In two cases the government claimed that they were in detention, but did not provide any indication as to their whereabouts. Thus of the 197 cases referred to the Working Group, the government of Sri Lanka has failed to furnish any explanation in regard to 194 cases. According to the evidences submitted to the Working Group, most of the persons who had disappeared were arrested at their homes or in the compound or area where they lived or at their work places. Of the 130 cases of disappearance in 1984, almost all of them related to persons arrested on 2 December 1984. The largest number of arrests concerning 99 men took place in Chemamadu and Cheddikulam in northern Sri Lanka on this day. Members of the security forces carried out the arrests and took the persons in trucks to unknown destinations. The chief government official of the area, the Government Agent, had expressed doubt whether any of those persons were still alive. In any event, these 99 persons, all of them Tamils, have disappeared.
On 4 December 1984, another group of persons were taken into custody. Although it had been announced that they were released, a number of persons were shot by the army the very same day and their dead bodies burnt thus leaving no trace of their identity.
The Working Group also identified over 100 cases in respect of which inquiries made of the government agent, the police and army authorities produced only denials that they were arrested; and in certain cases, it was admitted that they had been taken to the capital for interrogations. However, the relatives could not locate those persons in any of the detention centres in the capital, und consequently they have disappeared. : : "Mجمج
The Working Group also has referred to another 24 persons \rrested on 17 May 1985 in a village in the eastern province in Sri anka by the Special Task Force. The whereabouts of these persons are not known. w : . . .
The case of a 17 year old Tamil youth illustrates the practice of inacknowledged detention in Sri Lanka. Despite efforts by his ather to trace his son's whereabouts, the various government gencies repeatedly denied that his son was in custody. However, after one and a half months, his son was released from inacknowledged detention. It would appear that he had been mistakenly arrested by the army. The boy in question has, in an affidavit, given a detailed account of the interrogation methods, including torture. تي . " ";" ' *
Besides the cases of disappearances referred to in the report of .he Working Group, there are many other cases, running into

2FAMLTIMES-9
UN UMANI RIGHTS COMMISSION
¿es and Torture
ክእክ) ፳ፍ : ", : - S S SESSE S SS S SS S SiiiiiS 'rnational League for the Rights and Liberation of e UNHuman Rights Commission, . . . . . . . . . .
hundreds, which have been brought to the attention of our organisation. A human rights monitoring body operating within Sri Lanka has produced details of as many as 448 all of them belonging to the Tamil community, who had gone missing in just two months - November and December 1985. By any standards, this is a frightening situation. . The International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples also wishes to raise the subject of the widespread use of torture in Sri Lanka. Although Article 11 of the Constitution of Sri Lanka in conformity with Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, prohibit torture and inhuman treatment, reports by reputed human rights organisations confirm the continued, systematic and widespread use of torture in Sri Lanka.
The death of K. Navaratnaraja, aged 28, is one of the most flagrant examples of the extent of torture practised in Sri Lanka. He was taken into custody on 27 March 1983 and held under the Prevention of Terrorism Act at the Gurunagar Army Camp in northern Jaffna. He died while in custody on 10 April 1983 with 35 injuries on his body. The Medical Officer who gave evidence at the inquest held on 27 April 1983 stated as follows:
"The clothing was stained with faecal matter. The deceased was dehydrated. He had in all 25 external injuries. There were 1 ty internal injurries. ܐ- . . . . ::.:... ' فہ
None of these injuries is of recent origin; they have been caused in stages 7 or 10 days before death. '' These are injuries caused by a blunt elongated weapon; it can be a club or a baton or some round object. Of the lung injuries, at least one on the left side, which had a corresponding overlying external injury, could have been caused either by a blow or could be due to an explosion of some kind. He had lost roughly 2 pints of blood as a result of internal bleeding . . . Manacles could have caused the injury on the arm.' . . . . . . . . . . . " . In this case, Mr. Chairman, the Magistrate who held the inquest returned a verdict of homocide on 31 May 1983 and the details of the case was widely publicised. Within four days, that is, on June 3, 1983, the government promulgated new emergency regulations authorising the disposal of bodies of persons who died in custody or as a result of army or police action without inquests or postmortems. By doing so, it would seem that the government, far from preventing the use of torture, had in fact given official authorisation and sanction for the continuation of this practice to the extent of even causing death. . نمبر The Report of the International Commission of Jurists of August 1983, stated, “it is almost the universal practice of the military authorities to physically assault and mistreat these persons (detainees) who have been in their custody with the principal locations for that assault being Elephant Pass Army Camp and the Panagoda Army Camp in Colombo'.
Amnesty International has identified the following methods of torture as being practised in Sri Lanka: - by being hung upside down and beaten; - by prolonged and repeated beatings with heavy sticks, pipes and fists, especially on the soles of the feet, around the head and shoulders, on the stomach and back, so badly that in some cases bones were broken, w - by being stripped naked and beaten on the genitals, シ - by having needles inserted under the nails offingers and toes or in
the arms, « r - by having chilli inserted into sensitive parts of the body and being forced to drink heavily salted and chilli-infused water until they vomited - by being burned with cigarettes and (in one case) having the, pubic hair burned; - - - ... &
pamama

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- by being forced to lie on the floor for as long as six months while chained to the wall; 善、 " * * . عة
- Snakes (pythons) being thrust into the mouth and ears and made
to coil around the bodies of detainees; - - Beaten with loaded S/lon pipes all over the body; - Detainees made to carry naked corpses of persons who had already died of torture, - - Detainees made to drink urine when they asked for water.
On 14 April 1985, the London Observer carried the account of the torture to which a 23 year old Tamil youth named Mahendra Kesivapilla was subjected to by commandos of the Special Task Force. According to the reporter who interviewed the victim and tdoctors at the Batticaloa Hospital where he has been a patient since March 1985. The following is the account given by the victim:
“They handcuffed and blindfolded me and pushed me out of the door. I know I screamed at once because they smashed a rifle butt into my left foot. I could hear my bones breaking. First I was taken to a camp at Kalvanchi, then another camp of theirs
Extracts from Six M
AUSTRALIA (5 March 1986) The Australian Government shares the widespread international disappointment at the recent deterioration in the communal conflict in Sri Lanka. We continue to watch developments closely. In the spirit of our longstanding friendship with that country, we have several times expressed our concern to the Sri Lankan Government that the human rights of all Sri Lankans should be respected.
We stress our hope that all in Sri Lanka will eschew violence and renew their efforts towards a peaceful political solution.
CANADA (5 March 1986) In Sri Lanka, we are saddened by recent reports of bombings by the Air Force in the densely populated Jaffna Peninsula. We deeply regret the loss of life of innocent civilians on both sides in the current conflict and urge the Sri Lankan Government to make its best efforts to find a peaceful political settlement.
RELAND (6 March 1986) Recent months have seen an increasing spiral of violence. Terrorist attacks have brought the deaths of numerous civilians and members of the security forces. It is reported that hundreds have died as a result of indiscriminate, retaliatory action by members of the security forces. My delegation unreservedly condemns all such killings, no matter who the perpetrators may be. 。之 ܫ ܢ ܀ -
UNITED KINGDOM (6 March 1986) Like other delegations who have spoken in this debate, we ar
concerned by the situation in Sri Lanka and the human rights abuses that are being committed by the security forces. We have consistently pressed on the Sri Lankan Government the need for a
MEDIA FILE lfsome
THE SRI LANKAN Minister of Finance Mr. Ronnie de Mel has warned that if the conflict with Tamil separatists does not end soon
foreign aid to the country would be cut. He said
that peace was fundamental to Sri Lanka's economy and, as Humphrey Hawksley reports (March 2) from Colombo, his comments have put added pressure on the government to start talks with Tamil leaders.
"Mr. de Mel's grim warning comes at a time
when Sri Lanka is being condemned abroad for.
main peacemaker in the con wants to see a workable sett by the end of this month. A officials are scoffing at India Mel made it clear that if sor soon Sri Lanka's economy He specifically referred to a the country's main aid-d believe, agreed to continu year only because peace ta the Himalayan kingdom of an early settlement were (
talks broke down and Mr. d.
alleged human rights violations and when the
 

APRIL 1986
called Kalladi. One day they slit my left wrist with a razorblade, packed it with chillipowder and bandaged it. Another time they hammered nails into my heels. They would say, “Tell us where are the terrorists'. They even threatened to burn me with a metal rod.' In this case, doctors had confirmed that the victim had been bjected to unbelievable cruelty. There were burn marks on his ttocks and arms. Two bones in his arm, the radius and ulna, ve been so badly damaged after being ripped apart, he would ver recover the use of his arms. Amnesty International, in its latest Sri Lanka File on Torture leased in October 1985, catalogues several harrowing instances torture confirming the unabated widespread practice of torture Sri Lanka. Mr. Chairman, the International League for the Rights and beration of Peoples believes that in the matter of involuntary or forced disappearances and the widespread and systematic use torture, Sri Lanka is in breach of its international obligations, in spect of which, in our view, Sri Lanka must be called to account.
ore Statements
litical rather than a military solution to the ethnic tensions in Sri nka. We will continue to do so and to discourage them from the ea that the Tamil insurgency can or should be dealt with by ilitary means. We will also continue to urge on the Sri Lankan overnment the urgent need to take firm action to stop human ghts abuses by the security forces. Similarly we will continue to mphasise in our contacts with opposition leaders in Sri Lanka at a negotiated settlement is the only solution. We are sappointed that there have so far been no signs of progress wards such a settlement.
AX CHRISTI INTERNATIONAL (11 March 1986) " za rticle 3 of the International Convention against Torture events the parties from expelling persons towards third untries where they will run the risk of being subjected to rture. In this regard, Pax Christi was astonished to learn of the :cision, announced yesterday, 10 March, by the Swiss vernment to repatriate Tamil asylum seekers whose plications for asylum have been rejected. We dare believe that e Swiss government, which has just proposed to the Swiss rliament to ratify the International Convention against orture, is also informed about the current situation in Sri Lanka. r from improving, this situation has deteriorated these past Onths.
ERNATONA COMMSSON OFJURSTS March 1986) view of the publicly stated goal of the Government to eliminate terrorist groups before the end of this year by intensified ilitary action, it would seem optimistic to expect the suffering of e Tamils to diminish during the rest of this year. We fear that it so will be intensified. . . .
thing is not done soon...
if a solution was not in sight at this year's
flict India has said it lement on the table meeting then the confidence in Sri Lanka would though Sri Lankan be undermined. He said that the present level
sultimatum Mr. de
nething is not done would be badly hit. meeting in June of onors who, many e the package last ks were starting in Bhutan. Hopes of lashed when those e Mel admitted that
of development was due to massive foreign aid and if the aid was curtailed some projects would have to be stopped. He said the effect would be felt within the next six months should the Tamil separatist war continue.
Another major problem, he said, was defence which accounted for 17 percent of total expenditure and was ten times higher than when the government came to power in 1977'- Humphrey Hawksley, BBC, Colombo, w sri

Page 11
APRIL 1986
NEWS FROM INDA
(By courtesy of India Weekly) Narayanan urges political solution
to Sri Lanka issue
INDIA's MINISTER OF STATE for External Affairs, Mr. K.R. Narayanan, said that the ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka could be solved politically and with the 'touch of Buddha' and warned that otherwise the island republic would get into a very "difficult knot which will be impossible to unravel'.
'I have no doubt that the wisdom of the politicians and leaders and the people of Sri
Lanka will assert itself and realise that in
their own interests it was better to follow a political path," he told the Lok Sahba (the
lower House of the Indian Parliament).
Intervening in a discussion on the demand for a grant for the External Affairs Ministry, Mr. Narayanan said that India was playing its role in solving the problem but was not prepared to do it interminably.
India was ready to offer its good offices in aiding a solution whenever conditions in Sri Lanka 'improved and good sense prevailed," he said. ء ۔ ء ڈ
Mr. Narayanan said that he had faith that the people of Sri Lanka, especially the Tamils, would be able to overcome their difficulties with the support from the rest of the world.
He said 'there is no doubt that the situation in Sri Lanka is trying for us. Though it is an internal problem it impinges on us and will impinge on the region."
NEW FOREIGN SECRETARY
MR. A.P. VENKATESWARAN, Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs, takes over as Foreign Secretary from Mr. Romesh Bhandari when he retires at the end of March. . . v . . . . .
Mr. Venkateswaran was born on 2nd June, 1930. He did his B.Sc and M.A. (Econ) from Madras University, and joined the Indian Foreign Service in April, 1952, serving in various capacities in Indian Missions in Prague, New York, Addis Ababa, Moscow and Bonn. He served as Commissioner/High Commissioner, Suva from May, 1969 to June, 1971 with concurrent accreditation to Tonga and South Pacific territories; Joint Secretary (East Europe) from July, 1971 to September, 1974; Fellow, Centre for international Affairs, Harvard University from September, 1974 to June, 1975; Minister and Deputy Chief of Mission, Embassy of India, Washington from August 1975 to September, 1977; Ambassador of India, Damascus from October, 1977 to May, 1980; Ambassador and Permanent Representative of India to the UN Offices in Geneva from May, 1980 to August, 1982; Ambassador of India to the People's Republic of China from September, 1982 to January, 1985; Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs from February, 1985 to date.
In
WO'Se
MPs VOICED. gr. Worsening situati Lower House of th the Indian Govern steps to resolve th the lives of innoce
Participating in On March 24 on di External Affairs M both Prime Minist Congress (I) and ( upon the governi "vigorous' and 's the genocide in Sri Any delay by could cost man' cautioned an opp Dravida Munnetra said that Pakis "surreptitious” rol Lanka.
He wanted to k stand on the rep Lankan President would go in foram the Tamil problem
New dimensio
Another Congr lighted a new di problem in the isla nexus between Pa the presence of thi navy in Karachi.
A member of t India (Marxist) sa Pakistan were b behind the scene b their own benefit.
He said Preside
who is the main was in Israel recen led the security for eastern region.
He said the Sir trying to seek a ethnic crisis. The observed, had inc defence by 130 mi| militants.
Ramali
2
PROF. V. RAMA General of the in Research (ICMR) the Royal Society
Currently, Cha Advisory Commit of the World H Ramalingaswami Associate of the Sciences of the Un Member of the US
Prof. Ramalinga Indian medical sci after Dr. A.S. Pair Chest Institute in
 

TAMITMES 13
dian MPsconcernat ning Sri Lanka situation
ve, concern over the on in Sri Lanka in the e parliament and urged ment to take "concrete" e ethnic issue and save it Tamils in the Island. , the resumed discussion mands for grants of the linistry, members from er Rajiv Gandhi's ruling pposition parties called ment to take a "firm", tiff" stand in combating Lanka. he Indian Government f lives in Sri Lanka, position All India Anna Kazagham member. He tan was playing a e in providing arms to Sri
:now the Government's orted statement of Sri I.R. Jayawardene that he ilitary solution to resolve
ess (I) member highmension in the ethnic nd following the reported kistan and Sri Lanka and 2 Seventh Fleet of the US
he Communist Party of lid both Sri Lanka and eing encouraged from y the Western powers for
ent Jayawardene's son, negotiator for weapons, tly and he had personally ces against Tamils in the
Lankan president was military solution to the
island Government, he reased the allocation for lion dollars to curb Tamil
ngaswamy
e IFRS
LINGASWAMI, Director dian Council of Medical as been made Fellow of fLondon.
irman of the Global ee on Medical Research balth Organisation, Dr. is already a Foreign National Academy of ted States, and a Foreign SR Academy of Sciences. swamy, 64, is the second entist to receive the FRS tal, Director of the Patel elhi.
Meanwhile, the Organisation for Pro
tection of Tamils of Eelam from Genocide (PROTEG) said in Madras that at least 50 Hindu priests had been killed and nearly 150 Hindu temples desecrated and destroyed in Sri Lanka during the regime of President Jayawardene.
In its publication, Plight of Hindus in Lanka the PROTEG said several curbs had been placed on the conduct of daily offerings and annual festivals in Hindu temples.
In recent years, many temples had been burnt down, decorated chariots set on fire, several Hindu priests burnt to death and expensive and rare idols stolen.
External Affairs Minister Bali Ram Bhagat said Sri Lanka must desist from seeking a military solution to the ethnic crisis on the island and that it could count onlndia's help in seeking a political settlement.
Tamils in Sri Lanka 'must attain their aspirations and their legitimate demands must be met," he said, while winding up the two-day debate on the demand for grants to his Ministry in the lower house of parliament (Lok Sabha).
'They (Sri Lanka) are more and more isolated and at the same time another wrong policy is being pursued by it to induct the most hated Israeli Mossad mercenaries and reportedly mercenaries from South Africa'.
Mr. Bhagat also defended the Government's stand in the Ministry's Annual Report that there was a military nexus between Sri Lanka and Pakistan.
Mr. Bhagat said the Sri Lankan government should talk to its own people and settle the problem. 'You can't suppress and annihilate the Tamils'.
Responding to the opposition's criticism of his observation that relations between Sri Lanka and India were good, Mr. Bhagat said if relations had not been good Sri Lanka would not have asked india to use its good offices to solve the ethnic problem. He urged restraint and patience when told by a member from South India that there would be no Tamils by the time a solution was found.
۔۔ء
A world authority on the pathology of
fiutritional disorders, two decades of his
basic work on experimental protein
malnutrition along with his colleague Dr.
M.G. Deo, have led to a better understanding of malnutrition affecting
millions in the Third World. o Prof. E.C.G. Sudarshan, Director of thể Institute of Mathematical Sciences,
Madras, has been awarded the 1985
Physics Prize by the Third World Academy
of Sciences, which has its headquarters at
the International Centre for Theoretical
Physics in Trieste, Italy, in recognition of
Prof. Sudarshan's fundamental contri
bution to the understanding of the weak
nuclear force and particularly for his part in
the formulation of the 'Universal Val"
theory.
Continued on page 15

Page 12
12TAMILTIMES
overLOADED SWISS A
neighbours. Report from Philip Jackson.
The citizens of Switzerland are in confusion: their tradition of offering on Swiss soil has gone sour. What was a trickle of communist refugee tide of Third MWorld political immigrants. The Swiss burghers are
O COME across picnickers in the mid
winter snow beside the motorway south of Stuttgart is somewhat unusual; it is more surprising still to discover, shivering inside hooded parkas, a dozen Tamils from Sri Lanka. Very nervous young men, as well they might be; they are on the last leg of a daunting journey that began half a world away. When nightfalls, escorts will lead them to one of the illegal crossing points on the heavily wooded border with Switzerland further along the road. The moment the group sets foot on Swiss soil, they will be entitled by law to present themselves to the authorities and merely by uttering, even on
a scrap of paper, the world “asylum', to remain
in the country until their requests have been formally considered. .
As these edgy Tamils are well aware, that should guarantee them a lengthy stay. The queue they are intent on joining grows longer every month as Turks, Chileans, Iranians and Iraqis, Africans (mostly from Zaire) and a stream of other Sri Lankans find their way over Switzerland’s “green' frontiers. The waiting list has already topped 23,000 and the delay in cases coming up for hearing can be up to five years. Plenty of time, in short, to look for a job, find a home, put down some roots that might help their application. Meanwhile, like most of the refugees before them, they can look forward to receiving regular financial support from the state, plus welfare services.
These are circumstances, it is fair to observe, which do not delight the average Swiss taxpayer, who tends to appreciate the value of a franc. Back in the Seventies, when applications for asylum rarely topped 1000 a year and came mainly from East Europeans fleeing from communist regimes, there was a certain pride in Switzerland's role as a haven for the politically oppressed (many thousands of Hungarians and Czechs were welcomed after the arrival of the Red Army in their countries). Since then the Swiss have become increasingly aware of- and uneasy about-the rapid growth of their foreign community. The last time anyone counted it numbered not far short of one million people, excluding seasonal workers, the staff of international organisations, and so on. That represents almost 16 per cent of the population. In all of Europe only Luxembourg, with its Common Market offices and financial exiles, supports a greater proportion of outsiders. The equivalent figure for Britain is about a third of that. . . . . . . % ܆ ܇ ܀ * ܟ݂ . ܊ ܕܶ *܆ ܀ ܆
Not long ago, a leaked report from the Swiss government revealed that the direct cost of supporting asylum-seekers was some £35 million a year and that the continued influx threatened to create grave social problems. There is already much grumbling about “false refugees' and “economic fugitives', drawn to Switzerland by nothing more than the lure of the good life. In this inward-looking, deeply conservative society, there is no great fund of sympathy for someone like the Kurdish refugee from Turkey who announced to officials: “By human rights I understand being able to sit in the sun all day and not being forced to work and that Switzerland is taking care of my livelihood.” -
Cold comfort indeed for the Tamils, who have provided a significant proportion of the new wave of arrivals and are, accordingly, very much in the sights of their reluctant hosts. Handicapped by language problems, troubled
by the fierce winters, few ha regular work, even within th labour force of foreigners w dirty and ill-paid jobs the Instead, you find young disconsolate groups aroun stations, eking out cigarette coffee to help pass long, unexpected side-effect ( inactivity has been a sudde the playing standards of the clubs for expatriates in matting wickets, one gathe those back in Sri Lanka.
A good many of the Tami new life in Switzerland n would greatly have preferr established community in t common to find people who turned away from Brita Thatcher government's ruli who claimed to be re intercommunal violence before they would be allo returning home, they say, around for some other dest thus lending some weigh complaints of the Swiss auth and the other nations. clamping down on immigra notably liberal Denma redirecting the growing po asylum-seekers toward t penetrated borders. Accord it was not long before “underground railroad” spr demand for access to West needless to say, no question For most, it begins w Colombo on the Sovie destination East Berlin via M there, obliging officials Checkpoint Charlie. Beyonc collected by professional r invariably Europeans, for West Germany and a final dark forests. It is an expensiv payments strictly in hard cu attraction for the comn involved). Most Tamils hea Berne before filing asylum grapevine reported these cit that looked after refugees than most. In Basle, for e package, comprising subsi dation costs and spending m some £300 per head a montl Sri Lanka, per capita incom can be a powerful attraction arrivals discover the huge di of living.
But while black and brow enough (if not exactly popula cities like Geneva and Zuri the German-speaking rural II there were plenty of Swiss w Sri Lanka's existence, let al. war that had brought the sli to their spick-and-span stri must have seemed like a space,' recalls Kandiah, school teacher in Jaffna. “ there were no racial insults o could see they were bewilde; what on earth these weird doing here." While we were

PRK
political asylum s has become a becoming bad
ve been able to find ne large clandestine 'ho take care of the Swiss won't touch. ğ Tamil men in d the big railway sand the occasional empty days. One of this enforced an improvement in handful of cricket
Switzerland. The rs, are not unlike
ls nowlookingfor a maintain that they ed to join the well his country. It was said they had been in following the ng that Sri Lankans fugees from the need entry visas wed in. Scared of they had looked ination in Europe, t to the discreet horities that Britain which have been tion (among them rk) are merely ol of Third World heir own easily ing to Tamils I met, a well-organised ang up to meet the ern Europe, with, S asked. ith a flight from t Aeroflot line, Moscow. On arrival usher them to i the Wall, they are efugee traffickers, the scurry across dash through the fe business, with all rrency (an obvious munist authoritieš ided for Basle and requests, when the ies were in cantons more generously xample, the basic stence, accommOoney, works out at n. In a country like e f210 a year, that - at least until new fference in the cost
n faces are familiar ar) in cosmopolitan ch, elsewhere — in regions especially -- ho hardly knew of one its bloody civil ght, dark strangers eets. "At first we liens from outer once a grammer Nobody was rude, r anything, but you red and wondering black fellows were talking, in a coffee
APRIL 1986
bar beneath the Hauptbahnhof in Berne, a iSwiss army reservist pretended to aim his
automatic rifle at a group of Tamils, saying
something that greatly amused his mates. There was an awkward pause, then the moment passed.
"Considering that most of us were smuggled into their country and live off their taxes, ordinary Swiss people are usually polite and helpful,” says Kandiah. “What depresses me increasingly is the feeling that I'm always going to be an outsider here. You never feel that anyone in Switzerland wants to know why we have left our own country or what we hope for the future.” For the purposes of the allimportant asylum request, virtually every male Tamil claims some connection, potentially fatal had he not fled, with “the boys' - the Tamil guerrillas fighting against i Sri Lankan government forces. The walls of their spartan lodgings, converted schools and army barracks, thoughtfully heated to the most demanding Swiss standards in winter, are plastered with guerrilla communiqués reporting great and unlikely victories. Some of them pose beneath garlanded portraits of fallen martyrs.
In the summer of 1984, the Swiss government
decided the Tamils whose requests for asylum had been rejected must be sent back to Sri Lanka. Church and human rights groups throughout the country protested vehemently and an organisation was swiftly established to provide "safe houses' for those facing repatriation and recruit a network of sympathisers to move them around ahead of the police. This would, of course, have involved deliberately flouting the law of the land, not something lightly undertaken in a society in which, it has been said, anything not forbidden is compulsory. Evidently impressed, the authorities backed down the day before the first expulsions were to begin: it was provisionally agreed that Tamils would not be forced to leave until it was certain they would be in no danger on their return.
"Considering that most of us were Smuggled into their country and live of their taxes, ordinary Swisspeople are usually polite and helpful. What depresses me increasingly is the feeling that I'm always going to be an outsider here * .م
; Rudolph Keller is president-elect of the unequivocally named National Campaign Against Foreign Infiltration of People and Homeland (the capital letters are clearly important). The Tamil decision was not at all to his liking, but he has high hopes of seeing the back of several hundred thousand Tamils, Turks, Zaireans and the rest before too long. Keller is confident that "the true Swiss' are at last awakening to the menace of the immigrants. A pale, thin fellow of 30 with a vaguely reminiscent hank of hair falling across his forehead, neatly attired as becomes an insurance executive from Basle, he points gleefully to the considerable gains made by his party, known as Nationale Aktion, and its equally right-wing allies Vigilance in local elections in Berne, Geneva and Lausanne.
"Since our formation almost 25 years ago, we have always drawn most votes from Swiss alarmed at the foreigners among us, but today we have so many from totally alien cultures, so conspicuous on our streets, that we are gaining in strength every day.' Although Nationale Aktion has only five MPs in the 20-seat federal parliament, Keller is convinced that Switzerland's tradition of legislation by referendum will enable it to achieve the cherished objective of reducing the immigrant

Page 13
APRIL 1986
community. A proposal to get rid of one third of them over the next 15 years has already received the 100,000 signatures needed for a referendum (a meatier version put forward unsuccessfully in the mid-Seventies sought to halve the immigrant population in a period of just five years). Keller expects the revised plan, "rather moderate we believe', to go before the 'nation by 1989 and is sure it will get the simple
majority required to become law.
With great seriousness, Keller explained to me the significance of the party's motto, Volk und Heimat.“ Volk, thisis the true Swisspeople and Heimat, that is how you would say, I think Homeland. For us, there is a sacred duty to defend the national way of life.' Opponents of Nationale Aktion have accused it of blatant racism, of being obsessed with preserving Swiss purity against immigrants with dark skins. Quite incorrect, says the president-elect. "Actually we are against all harmful foreign influences in Switzerland, whether it is Arabian millionaires buying up property here or Turks selling drugs in the streets of Basle-yes, Basle, imagine this - or Swiss children in classes containing a majority of Asians who don't speak a word of German or French.' It can only be a matter of time, one imagines, before the party discovers the recent World Health (Organisation report revealing that Switzerland stands second only to Belgium in the incidence of Aids in Europe.
It is significant, says Keller, that his party attracts its most fervent support from the elderly, who see the Switzerland they grew up in changing rapidly for the worse, and the young, increasingly resentful of the strain that the large immigrant community imposes on scarce housing resources and the job market. True, other European governments might consider that with unemployment hovering at
around 1 per cent foreign workforce
economy is not exa only a dozen years total of three Swiss
and they were so a
nameS Secret.
Towards the end Aktion rally in disrupted by angr against the party's : were exchanged, a nothing much b perhaps, but this st still shock the Sw placid school of p( clashes on this unavoidable. Ther among opponents prevent any rept involved in that Z. shameful days of la That dismissive surfaced in Switze world war. It wa influential figures i. to justify the return asylum to their fa after stern pressure other concerned authorities persu humanitarian polic book about this epi took the same char, a considerable Stir
The resurgence ( boats, heard inci newspapers and s normally associate Swiss human rig organisations. “M,
TAMIL REFUGEES
The Tamils fleeing from the guns of the
Sri Lankan Army have now entered West Germany, where they are seeking political asylum. HARISH MEHTA reports on the new Tamil refugee problem that threatens the Government of West Germany.
" HOUSANDS OF SRI LANKAN TAMILS HAVE escaped from President Jayawardene's pogrom and have arrived in
West Germany in search of political asylum." The Tamils are presently living in half a dozen
refugee camps in Lower Saxony, Hesse and Bavaria, the three West German districts that lie close to the East German border.
The Tamils arrived in West Germany last ear but have continued to pour into the စီမံthtt} in dribs and drabs since the January 1986 clashes in Sri Lanka. East Germany, in collusion with some socialist States, facilitated the movement of the Tamils to West Germany. Says Dr. Hans Albrecht Schwarz-Liebermann, the Chairman of the Commission of the Christian Democratic Union for Foreign Affairs: “When the clashes began in Sri Lanka between the Army and the Tamils, the refugees escaped to East Germany. They had no proper papers but East Germany, instead of sending them back, allowed them to stay in Berlin and then pushed them into West Germany."
Dr. Liebermann feels that East German secret agents operating in Sri Lanka promised the Tamils that they would give them sanctuary in Germany and once the Tamils arrived at East (Germany's Schoenefeld Airport in Berlin, the secret agents pushed them across the border into West Germany. “If East German agents can exist in Cuba and Mozambique, why not in . .
Sri Lanka'?' he ask
Said the German Martin Bangemani refuge to the Tamil in Germany. But th economic sanction added that althoug considerable press economy, his cou about the burden o
The Tamils are concrete shelters w War II to accomme fled Poland, Rum Reveals Dr. Liebi cases when hundre a single day and we in solid establish settlements, the Ta good food to keep
well as pocket mon
Currently, the ca are being consider that will decide whe granted to them. W true and genuine Tamils are thoroug will the Tamils be later also be helpec
While the Bor
several official pro
thrusting the Tamil Government's posi that it would assum Tamils who can pr are in danger in Sri
Meanwhile, viol
on January 30, 198
launched by Prabh

and a habit of pruning the in times of strain, the Swiss ctly at death's door. In fact have passed since a grand ; citizens were out of work, shamed that they kept their
of last year, a big Nationale Zurich was energetically y demonstrators protesting anti-immigrant views. Blows few noses were bloodied; y present-day standards, »rt of beer-hall crawling can iss, accustomed to a more blitical debate. And further combustible issue seem e is growing determination of the extreme right to at of what one student urich punch-up calls "those
barque est pleine". phrase - “the boat's full up' irland early in the second as used by powerful and n the political establishment of Jews desperately seeking te in Nazi Germany. Only : from Swiss churchmen and individuals were the aded to adopt a more y. In the late Seventies, a sode, and a subsequent film, ged phrase as a title, causing within the country. of this theme of over-loade reasingly in editorials of peeches of politicans not d with the far right, dismays hts workers and church y parents' generation often
IN WEST
Minister of Economics, Dr. n: “We will continue to give Ls, who number over 10,000, at does not mean we will use is against Sri Lanka.' He h the Tamils were exerting ure on the West German thtry "was not complaining f the refugees'. living in refugee camps in hich were used after World pdate the Germans who had hania and East Germany. rmann: "There have been ds of Tamils have arrived in 've had to put them up either ments or in tents. In the mil refugees are being given them properly nourished as еу. 99 - 1ses of these Tamil refugees ed in West German courts ther political asylum will be When the courts identify the asylum seekers after the thly interrogated, only then granted social security and in finding jobs. in Government has filed ests with East Germany for sat them, the West German tion on the Tamil question is e responsibility for all those ove that their life and limb
Lanka. ence returned to Sri Lanka 36 with a devastating attack lakaran's Liberation Tigers
TAMILTIMES 13
blame themselves for cold-shouldering the
Jews during the last war,' one young speaker told a Lausanne symposium on the right of asylum. “In another 10 or 20 years, are we also going to regret our reaction to those who now ask us to take them in?’
No way, retort the zealots of Nationale Aktion. To their gleeful, unconcealed satisfaction, the Swiss authorities have already braced themselves to take the tricky decision to expel some 60 African refugees, among them women and young children, to Zaire as part of “Operation Black Autumn'. Half had failed to leave the country after formally being refused asylum; others allegedly possessed phoney passports or had taken part in a rough-house with bodyguards of Zaire's President Mobutuhimself the owner of a magnificent villa in Lausanne and, opponents claim, some exceptionally healthy Swiss bank accounts - on the occasion of his 80th birthday celebrations at one of Geneva's luxury hotels. A squad of 120 gendarmes was assigned to escort the deportees, some of whom had to be forced, handcuffed, into the Swissair DC10 taking them away. , Fearing a similar fate, another hundred Africans sought the protection of religious groups in Geneva, moving into makeshift dormitories guarded around the clock by local sympathisers. Over in Zurich, a few dozen Chilean asylum-seekers threatened with deportation took refuge in a church - like the German Jews before them. The Tamil refugee community fears that its turn must come eventually. Yet from around the world, people of all colours, creeds and cultures are still trekking doggedly towards the borders of Switzerland, pinning their hopes on securing that vital first foothold, legally or otherwise.
Courtesy: The Sunday Times Magazine (March 23)
GERMANY
of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) on the island's Armed Forces in which 16 soldiers were killed. The Tamil militants foiled a joint air and land attack on Sri Lanka's Tamil population, claimed the
On the same day, the Sri Lankan President, J.R. Jayawardene, levelled serious allegations of complicity against the Indian Government, He said: “The Indian Government and the Government of Tamil Nadu are giving illegal refuge to the leaders of the terrorists of Sri Lanka, to still run training camps.'
Jayawardene's peace rhetoric has ended. Back in July 1985, in an interview with GENTLEMAN, Jayawardene spoke loftily, even sincerely, about truce in Sri Lanka and went so far as to state that he would "even talk to terrorists'. At that time Jayawardene said that he was very satisfied with the Indian Government's stand that did not envisage a separate State for the Tamils.
On the credit side, however, the Sri Lanka Government's grant of citizenship rights to 94,000 Tamil plantation workers was welcomed by India. But these flash-in-the-pan overtures paled into insignificance when Jayawardene himself stated that he campaigned for "winning' the war against Tamil militants, despite India's frequent appeals that a military solution to the ethnic problem was not possible. The Indian Government's main bones of contention are: the military assistance given to Sri Lanka by Israel and the US; the Voice Of America's broadcast station in Chilaw, Sri Lanka; the presence of the US naval task force - all of which are prickly thorns that further torment a solution. In the thick of these covert activities, Jayawardene's attitude can hardly be called contrite. Courtesy: Gentleman, March 1986

Page 14
14TAMILTIMES
SRI LANKA PROT
THE GOVERNMENT, concerned with the tone and content of about Sri Lanka by Mr. B.R. Bhagat, the Indian External Affa parliament, officially responded through a statement delivered Government by Sri Lanka's High Commissioner in New Delhi on
'a. The full text of the statement is as follows:
i 1. The Government has taken serious note of recent unfriendly Indian Government statements concerning Sri Lanka. In particular, the Government has learnt with surprise and deep disappointment of certain remarks of the External Affairs Minister of India, made in the course of proceedings in the Indian Parliament touching on our present situation.
2. There has been an allegation of genocide in connection with recent incidents here. The government notes with regret that, whilst the Indian Government has seen fit to use the term genocide in connection with the alleged killing of Tamil persons, it has not made any comment about the known recent killings of several Sinhalese and Muslim persons, including women and children, by terrorists. It may be that the Indian Government statement in this connection was constrained by the imperatives of parochial politics in India.
3. There has also been mention of the imposition by India of a time frame for the completion of certain actions by our government. It is of course, the case that, as the Indian Government has itself repeatedly emphasised, its good offices were offered in the context of facilitating the discharge of the Sri Lankan Government's exclusive responsibility for the resolution of an internal Sri Lankan problem. And the Government working within the framework of democratic polity has to proceed in its attempts at resolving current problems on the basis of consensual acceptance of such resolution by the entire polity here.
Moreover, a time frame cannot be conceived of unless such time frame is also applied to the interdiction and removal of Indian based terrorists against Sri Lanka. A time frame imposed on one party alone is no time frame at all but is an indiction of bias in approaching the
patter.
tea. There has also been an allegation that a committee of inquiry set up by Government following a recent incident in the Lahugala area represented an attempted "white-wash'. The government of India is, of course, aware that, as in other such instances, a police investigation had already been initiated in this case too.
The committee of inquiry under reference is additional thereto, and was established out of a sense of deference to those civil groups here and others who had made representation in the matter. From the evidence already available to the investigations, it would appear that the Indian External Affairs Minister has rushed in where others would have feared to tread.
5. The Government appreciates that the Indian Government has itself to take note of sentinents expressed in the Indian Parliament by representatives who reflect particular parochial and partisan interests there. However, the properties of good and correct bilateral relations cannot be diluted, far less vitiated, by pandering thereto. - - - : . . .
8
6. It is well known that the Government is vigorously engaged, as indeed it is its inescapable duty and obligation to do, in seeking to combat and overcome an armed terrorist challenge to its authority and to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. s
It is equally well known challenge stems from a mo logistical training and operat propagandist mechanisms an territory of the state of Tamil
The Government has mad and specific representation Government since 1983 in th repeatedly, in official bila various levels, proposed si administrative and other pl come the problem.
It is with deep regret that th re-state that up to now it h, response in that regard from India. To that extent, the val good offices of the Indian ( impaired and its credibility d
7. It is of course true, though it is, that in the Government's inescapable d overcome the aforemention authority and to the integrity measure of hardship even civilian life and damage to civ inevitably accrue. The proble from an initial terrorist chall Indian territory.
8. It would seem that the I propose to raise matters here Rights Commission at its Geneva.
The violation of human boundaries and has occurre situations and places. No mo could apply here than physic
9. The Indian Governmen Lankan refugees now in In return in safety and honour. now in India not because their by any actions of the Sri Lank because of the continuing it
SYS
 

APRIL 1986
ESTS TO INDIA
recent remarks irs Minister, in to the Indian March 1.
that such terrorist vement which has ional base facilities, da sanctuary in the Nadu, in India. e repeated, detailed is to the Indian at regard, and has teral exchanges at ecific and precise rocedures to over
te government must as had no positive the Government of ue of the proferred Government stands iluted.
deeply regrettable discharge of the uty to combat and 2d challenge to its y of the country, a involving loss of ilianproperty тиst 'm, however, stems enge fostered from
ndian Government before the Human current sittings in
rights transcends
ed in innumerable refitting comment iат, heal thyself”.
t has urged that Sri dia be enabled to These refugees are return is impaired a Government but ncidence of India
f : a
based terrorism in the areas from which they have fled. , , .
As is well known, large numbers both of Sri Lankan Tamils as well as of Indian passport holders continue to live in other parts of the Island, amongst Sinhalese, Muslims and other communities, in safety and honour. In fact, many of the Indian passport holders are even now overstaying beyond the period of their visas.
10. It is equally well known that the Government stands' committed to the political resolution of prevailing differences within the country, principally affecting the minority Tamil community. In that connection, the Government notes with considerable disappointment the evident bias in the Indian Government's recent statements under reference, which recognise only the so-called grievances and aspirations of the minority Tamil community, but not the aspirations, or indeed the fears the concerns both of the majority Sinhalese community or of the other significant minority Muslim comimunity in the Island.
There are, of course, yet further minority communities whose wishes and views must also necessarily be taken into account by any duly constituted government of the country in this connection.
II. The position in regard to the framework for a political settlement has also been clearly and repeatedly enunciated by the Government, namely, that devolution of power and other constitutional or administrative arrangements must not vitiate the essential unitary character of the Sri Lankan state or of its constituion.
12. The Government continues to look to the
edoperation and assistance both of the Indian
Government as well as all other friendly governments, in overcoming the twin problems currently affecting our country, namely, the defeat of the armed terrorists challenge to the state and to its duly constituted government on the one hand, and the harmonising of the aspirations, and indeed the fears and concerns of all sections of the Sri Lankan people, on the other.
Courtesy: Times of India

Page 15
APR1986
India Accuses sri Lar Camouflaging Its Real Ir
IN ANGRY response to Sri Lanka's diplomatic note of accused the Sri Lankan government of attempting to find a engage in constructive negotiations. India's reply, which w Lankan High Commissioner in New Delhi, who was sum Office on March 6, observed that the Sri Lankan not tendentious allegations using intemperate language includi on the External Affairs Minister, Mr. B.R. Bhagat. It also unnecessary and callous killing of civilians and destruction
The following is the full text of the Indian Government's reply.
The Government of India has taken note of the statement of the Government of Sri Lanka conveyed through its note of 1st March 1986. Baseless and tendentious allegations have been made in this note, and intemperate language used, including personal aspersions on the Foreign Minister of India. Government of India are both dismayed and regret the content and tenor of the note. It can hardly be conducive to overcoming the ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka.
The Government of India has traditionally had close and cordial ties with Sri Lanka. It is iri view of this close relationship that the Government of India has been exerting itself tirelessly to assist in bringing about a political solution to Sri Lanka's ethnic problem. It was through Indian efforts that a dialogue between the representatives of Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Tamil groups was initiated. Most unfortunately, this process has not made any headway and indeed suffered a setback due to the continuing violence in Sri Lanka and the totally unnecessary and callous killing of civilians and destruction of property. In view of these accusations against India and particularly the content of the aforementioned note, it appears to the Government of India that there is an attempt to find an alibi for the failure to engage in constructive negotiations.
The military actions of the Government of Sri Lanka and repeated statements by the leadership of the country in regard to seeking a military solution, suggest that the assertion of
Sri Lankan Gover cooperation and a Government in resol them, can only be 1 camouflage its real n The Government good offices to Sri crisis since 1983. It policy.
The Government committed to assisti through a settlemer minority communiti their legitimate : appropriate politica intact the unity and Lanka.
The Government Lankan Governmen criticise and dol compulsions of the well known that mol nationals, who havi their homes out o indiscriminate and Lankan security forc on India's soil. Desp refugees, which has India, the Governm restraint and atte traditional cordiali bilateral relations. T Sri Lankan Governi not reflect any recip Instead of indulgi contained in its
News From India Continued From page 11
Dinesh Singh for firmness on Sri Lanka
INDIA'S FORMER External Affairs Minister Dinesh Singh has favoured the Indian Government's adopting a "more firm' attitude towards Sri Lanka. . . . . . . Speaking in the Lower House of Parliament, Mr. Singh, who is a Congress-l.
member, said the genocide in Sri Lanka was
a matter of deep regret and concern to India. The Government of India, he said, had gone to the farthest lengths to try to assist that country to find a solution to the ethnic problem. But the Sri Lanka Government had made use of the time thus gained to find a military solution.
Mr. Singh said India should take a firm stand for finding a political solution, and not a military solution, to the ethnic problem there.
He said it was a matter of concern that the Sri Lanka Government had used the army, navy and the air force to kill its own people.
External
66
INDIA HAS voiced
"involvement of f
sations in Sri Lank
of 'the growing r Pakistan and Sri La
In its annual r
Affairs Government of li cerned at the acti and intelligence Lanka'.
The ministry too intelligence orga
Sri Lan
SRI LANKAN journalists by surp a 55 KG unexpl conference in Mac The nearly five-f was one of the 3C Lankan security f in Jaffna, in the is days from Februa

'ka Of tentions
March 1, India has alibi for its failure to
as delivered to the Sri moned to the Foreign e made baseless and g personal aspersions referred to the totally of property. ment that it seeks the ssistance of the Indian ving the crisis which besets egarded as an exercise to otivations.
of India have extended its Lanka to help resolve the stands committed to this
of India reiterate that it is the resolution of the crisis t which would enable the es in Sri Lanka to obtain Ispirations, through an framework which keeps territorial integrity of Sri
of India regret that the Sri t, in its note, has chosen to ubt the motives and Government of India. It is re than 125,000 Sri Lankami e been compelled to flee f terror at the repeated brutal actions of the Sri 'es, have had to take refuge ite the continuing influx of thrown a heavy burden on ent of India have acted with mpted to maintain the ty and cooperation in he tone and contents of the ment’s note of March 1 do rocation of this attempt. ng in polemics of the type note of March 1, the
TAMILTIMES15
M.JULIUS MELCHIOR & CO.
SOLICITORS
86 Willesden Lane, London NW67TA
Tel: 01-6245013
Mr. M.J. Melchior LL.B., B'Fhil.
... (formerly Barrister-at-Law) .
has resumed his legal practice full time and will concentrate on Litigation & Immigration Problems.
Cопогуancing ხy Sri Shanmuganathan, Solicitor, and his team.
Government of Sri Lanka should take note of
the continuing endeavours of India to ensure
that despite many obstacles in the way, all parties concerned adhere to the path of seeking a negotiated settlement without further delay
and loss of life.
If the Government of Sri Lanka persists in its present attitudes and policies, it would only
mean the prolongation of the agony and a
deepening of the tragedy faced by Sri Lanka and its people. .
Growing Military Nexus'
in Sri Lanka
serious concern over the preign security organia and spoke in particular military nexus' between nka.
port for 1985-86, the Ministry said, "the dia are seriously conrities of foreign security organisations in Sri
(note of reports of Israeli nisations and British
kan Pak-made
Tamil militants took rise when they displayed ded bomb at a press ras earlier this week.
et-high bomb, they said, O bombs dropped by Sri rces from fighter-planes and's north, during three y 19 to 21. The liberation
bomb shown in Madras
security experts being involved with the Srf Lankan security forces.
'The growing military nexus between Pakistan and Sri Lanka, following Mr. Jayawardene's visit to Pakistan in April 1985 and the visit of the President of Pakistan to Sri Lanka in December 1985 is being viewed with some concern,' it said.
The report, while mentioning 'involvement' of lsraeli and British security experts with Sri Lankan security forces, did not give any details.
Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) guerillas defused it after it failed to explode.
The LTTE spokesman Dr. A.S. Balasingam said the bomb, which they had brought to India by boat, was of Pakistani
: origin. A new Pakistan-Sri Lanka military
axis was emerging to help the island government in its attempt to wipe out the
: Tamils, he added.

Page 16
16TAMILTIMES
SWEDEN
Around The WOrd|
Swedish Aid to Sri Lanka is Res šIDA (Swedish International Development Authority) regards the intern Lanka as serious and has decided to shelve its aid program.
i. In an article in Dagens Nyheter of 13 March Thomas Bibin raises the question of continued aid to Sri Lanka. "Can we continue to give increasing aid on the receiver's terms to a country in which a repeatedly professed democracy is no longer extended to the largest minority - the Tamils?' - he enquires. Mr Bibin gives his view of the serious ethnic conflict between the Sinhalese majority and the Tamil minority in the country, but does not advocate a suspension of all aid to Sri Lanka.
He considers that we can qu more than crumbs to the pool today, i.e. to displaced pers "stateless' estate Tamils as
WOS.
During the next i few... da drafting a fresh aid agreeme for the next two financial period Sweden's commitm hydro-electric scheme at finalised. This implies that
CHINA
China has declined Colombo's request for
hilitary assistance to combat Tami militants. According to UNI, Sri Lanka made this request when Chinese President Li. Xinniang visited Colombo recently. Xinniang is reported to have impressed upon the Sri Lankan Government that any military assistance to Sri Lanka would undermine efforts to find a solution to the ethnic problem in the Island. He also lauded India's offer of good offices to bring the two sides together. He said induction of more arms by Government would aggravate the problem and would delay a solution to conflict. - - ܇ “.ܝܕ ܀ ܀ ܝ : ”
CANADA
350 Montreal Tamils March
'Montreal's Tamil community may not be very large, but today it was loud. The demonstrators began their march at Place
Victoria. They made their way along
Dorchester to the C.B.C. Building. They are unhappy with conditions in their homeland. In Sri Lanka there are about 3/2 million Tamils. They are a representatives of the community here say that the Tamils in Sri Lanka are being persecuted.' ; ; s
Mr. S. Sabanadesan, President of the Eelam Tamil Association of Ouebec, was interviewed at this stage. He said, 'The army is killing innocent Tamils because the Tamils are struggling for their right to live as a minority with equal rights with the Sinhalese majority over there. So the army is going around arresting young people and killing them, taking others into detention camps and torturing them. Naturally, the people are resisting the army occupation,
and just because they are resisting, they go
on killing innocent Tamils." བ་
The commentator concluded with these words, "The Tamil community here is trying to put pressure on the Canadian Government. They want Canada to cut off foreign aid to Sri Lanka, and they want Canada to bring up the issue at the United Nations.' ふ
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation report of March 22 :
minority, and
A USTRALIA
The Australian Central Branch Council of the r Labour Party (ALP) ha adopted a resolution c genocide taking place in Ce Concern over the continue Ceylon by Australia and cal of all Ceylon goods, su Resolution passed by t Council of ALP is reproduci The ACT Branch Cour condemns the genocideta Lanka, where the right win President Jayawardene ha dictatorship by expelling til opposition, and is using the the minority Tamil populat
We express concern continues to be a major and supplier of foreign a cidal regime, despite the Lankan Government 1 Australian Foreign Ministe visit any Tamil reigons on
This Branch Council calls Sri Lankan goods (such as
trade unions to support this
Labour Government anc Executive to, urgently cor opposing this brutal rep Supporting the struggle Tamils for civil libert determination. .
NETHERLANDS
Declaration on
On 25 February 1986 Netherlands, the Foreign M EC countries adopted declaration in the framew соорегation: 'The Twelve are following Sri Lanka closely and wish regret that the intensive about a reconciliation hay not yet been successful. They appeal to all partie continue their dialogue in o political solution, in the in and reconciliation within th united Sri Lanka. The Twelve value the fac agreement of the parties i. supporting the search
solution.'
 
 

tricted
situation in Sri
ite well give a bit restin Sri Lanka of ons and to the still : well as to destitute
ys SIDA will bé nt with Sri Lanka ears. During this ents to the great Kotmale will be the aid conditions
APRIL 1986
cover the next two years. Kotmale will be paid off with 150 and 103 million Skr. respectively. For the other projects, primarily rural
development and education, there remains to ibe paid another 20 million Swedish Crowns per
year. The assistance to Sri Lanka will therefore not increase as Mr. Bibin appears to imply, but will diminish according to a preconceived plan.
Mr. Bibin presents a simplified version of the ethnic conflict, but the fact remains that it is very serious and that there is no solution to the problem in sight. This situation has caused
SIDA to limit its planned aid to Sri Lanka after Kotmale project terminates i.e. July 1, 1988. We are recommending an increased drive if ... rural development and in education while plans
for support in other spheres will be deferred. With these aims in regard to the aid program we will be supporting those sections for which Mr. Bibin is pleading. 2 to
هر بر . "
BÖRJE LJUNGGRIỂN Departmental Chief, SIDA
Territory (ACT) uling Australian s unanimously ondemning the ylon, expressing d grant of aid to ling for a boycott ch as tea. The he ACT Branch ed bellow: ncil of the ALP king place in Sri g government of as established a he parliamentary Army to murder ion. . .
that Australia trading partner id to this geno'efusal of the Sri to allow the r, Bill Hayden, to his recent visit, s for a boycott of tea), and urges , and the Federal | ALP National sider means of iression and of of Sri Lankan lies and self
Sri Lanka
in the Hague, inisters of the 12 the following vork of political
developments in
to express their efforts to bring /e unfortunately
is concerned to roder to achieve a terests of peace e framework ofa
it that, with the nvolved, India is
for a political
NEWS IN BRIEF
Wirmalini Bartlett has been successful at the recent M.R.C.P. (London) examination, She is an old girl of Ladies College, Colombo and graduated in 1983 from the University of liverpool. She is a daughter of Dr. and Mrs. A.N. Bartlett of 9, Kinross Avenue, Colombo 4 and presently of London.
Co-Vice Principals for Jaffna College
The Board of Directors of Jaffna College has appointed Messrs. W.D. Kulathungam and S. Jebanesan as Co-Vice Principals fò succeed the retiring Vice-Principal, Mr. A. Rajasingam. They will assume duties when Mr. Rajasingam retires in May this year.
New Director for the Christian Institute for the
Study of Religion and 2 * R
Society
Mr. W.N.S. Samues, förmer Principai of Hartley College, has been appointed Director, C.I.S.R.S. Maruthanamadan; Chunnakam. . . . . . و
r
MASSACREBY HOME GUARDS
Six Tamils, including an infant, were
stabbed, cut and chopped to death at
Selvanayagapuram in Trincomalee by Home Guards, on 6th March.
صسسـ
The sole escapee, Murugaiah Santhakumar (24) was admitted to the Trinco General Hospital.
The bodies of Murugaiah Thavamani (42) and Rajan (19) were identified at the time of going to press.

Page 17
APRIL 1986
BOOKREVIEWS
THE SCIENCE OF BHARATANATYAM Saroja Vaidyanathan CC 11/61 Bapa Nagar, Dr. ZakirHussain, Marg, New Delhi 110003 1984 Rs 12580pp. 21.2 x 27.0cm. Hardcover
BHARATANAYAM -- THE TAM LANGUAGE Lakshmi Viswanathan Sri Kala Chakra Trust, 74 Kalakshetra Colony, AMadras 600090 1984 Rs 90 104pp.274 x 21.2cm. Glossycard cover
ADANCER ON DANCE V.P. Dhananjayan Bharatakalanjali, 8Jeevaratnam Nagar, Adyar, Madras 600020 -
1984 Rs 5078pp. 21.2 X 21.6cm. Cardcover
The traditional teachers of Bharatanatyam regarded questions as both impertinent and irrelevant. The student's duty was only to absorb what the guru decided to offer. In the last twenty years or so a more inquiring and intellectual attitude has emerged, as the dance has moved out of the preserve of the traditional Pillai families. The new students asked questions, found some answers, and having become teachers themselves are eager to provide a theoretical framework for the art. Three internationally-known Bharatanatyam dancers, who also teach, have published books recently. The herald of this trend was Mrinalini Sarabhai (Understanding Bharatanatyam, Darpana, Ahmedabad, 1981, Rs.50, but out of print, it seems). لائی۔ Mrinatini's book gives a good, thorough coverage of Bharatanatyam theory and practice; and if you want a single exposition åt any price, Dr Sunil Kothari's Bharatanatyam, Marg, 1979, Rs250, is the one to have. But the three reviewed here are complementary and will appeal to different readers, whether or not they have an Indian background.
The title of Saroja Vaidyanathan's book is very reasonable for every aspect of Natya, Indian dance and drama, has been analysed and codified by ancient writers. There are short but useful sections on the nine rasas, or emotions, on the musical instruments used, on rhythm and on the arangetram maiden performance). A reader not acquainted with Carnatic music may have to puta little effort into the chapter on talam, rhythm. Perhaps it would have been more useful if the talas actually used in dance - rupakam, ʼ adi, misra chapu — were exemplified, with some explanation of how they relate to the steps used in korvais and teerinaras.
There are no less than 59 photographs on
the costumes and jewellery; a pity though
that none are in colour. Throughout, the illustrations are copious; fine line drawings not only of the foot positions and of the
single and double hand gestures - these are
available in other publications - but, uniquely, of the head, neck and í eye movements. With each gesture is printed the relevant quotation (in Sanskrit) from Nandikeswara's Abhinaya Darpanam, but
what is useful is that Saroja gives the current interpretation. For example, the Abhinaya Darpanam gives the use of the
Alokita Drishti, open glance, as denoting the potter's wheet, indicating objects, and begging. Saroja, tells us it is used for expressing wonder, surprise or admiration.
The young Bharatanatyam dancer, practising or prospective, will find the book
an invaluable introd practice of the art alternative. Their grateful for a notwhat a course in Bh useful book for the adults seriously in Kothari worth the e more informative ar well printed on glos and index are succe: The title of Lakshi indicates a recent a usual to show hov Bharatanatyam rel dances and how al principles enshrin particularly the N denying these conn Bharatanatyam as product and relates Tamil country to its and literature. Our religion, history a dominated by the viewpoint and this corrective in presen a Dravidian, especi valuable addition to dance. Those not Indian art or dance, historical detail a litt The book is bea illustrated, with ma page black and wil severa superb colo are of paintings, br buildings of Tamil N are illustrative of til atmospheric. The some of Lakshmi's presenting Bharata glossary or index, terms are explained
Dhananjayan is p: male dancer of Bhar, book appears to be thoughts on dance, introduction for th many of the essentia and bhava. He gives of the art today, an answer section cov Westerner might w chapter on Kathakali is also an exponen that style with Bhar his analysis of the ni much into technical a very good fee Bharatanatyam and Concerns. In Co Viswanathan he stat "cannot be claimed , South Indian dance'. lndian dancers, liki be a prickly buncil humanity and gene clearly from these hard at times - at patronage for instan should appeal to dance, whatever th twelve pages of collages of Dhananj and their school, fou it is a pity that all the produced, should printing errors; th gremlins can out meticulous proof rea
5 Nadir Court, Blake Hal London E11

iction to the theory and Indeed, there is no arents too might be oo-detailed survey of aratanatyam entails. A school library; though erested will find Dr. tra cost, and Mrinalini d cheaper. The book is sy paper. The glossary ;sfully combined. ni Viswanathan's book pproach to the art. It is f the current form of ates to other Indian can be traced to the di in ancient texts, atya Sastra. Without 2ctions, Lakshmi views an essentially Tamil the forms of dance in architecture, sculpture appreciation of Indian nd art tends to be northern Sanskritic book provides a useful ting Bharatanatyam as atly Tamil, art. It is a the literature on Indian deeply interested in though, may find the e daunting. utifully produced and any marginal and full hite photographs and ur plates. The pictures onzes, sculptures and adu, and though not all he text, they are very book concludes with personal experience of natyam. There is no and not all the Tamil in the text. - robably the foremost atanatyam. Though his just a collection of his It is a remarkably good e layman. He covers | concepts, such as rasa his views on the state d has a question and 'ering many points a ant to ask. There is a of which Dhananjayan t, and one Comparing atanatyam. Apart from he rasas he does not go jetail; but he gives one for the spirit of for its contemporary ntrast to Lakshmi es that Bharatanatyam as a style particular to
2 artists anywhere, can l, but Dhananjayan's 'osity of spirit emerge pages, though he hits the abuse of official ce. A Dancer On Dance anyone interested in e variety. There are photographs, mainly Iyan, his wife, Shanta,
being in colour.
books, otherwise well ontain a number of pugh I know Indian
vit even the most der.
Road, John Palim
TAMITMES 17
Mr. S. Balakrishnan, B.D.S.
DENTAL SURGEON |
42, Oueensbury Station
s
Parade, Edgware Middx HA85NN
Tel: 01-952 1142
Surgery HoursMonday 9 a.m. - 1 p.m. Wednesday 8.
Friday 4 p.m. - 8 p.m.
Saturday 9.30 a.m. - 1 p.m.
ACADEMIC TRAILS
Karan Thapar has published a piece on 'Taming the Tamil Tigers: Sri Lanka's last chance to avoid the slide to civil war' in the conservative weekly The Spectator of 22 February, 1986. There is an interesting account of a conversation with Lalith Athlu llathrmudali. James Manor's long awaited book on the life of S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike will in all probability be published this year.
Yasmine Gooneratine's (a professor of English Literature at Macquarrie University; Australia) Relative Merits, a book which contains snippets on some of the leading figures in the Bandaranaike family will be published this summer by Christopher Hurst and Company, London. Gooneratine
is the daughter of Sammie Dias Bandaranaike, cousin of S. W.R.D. Bandaranaike.
Rajiva Wijesinha's Acts of Faith was published by Navrang, New Delhi in 1985. A fable, its central hero is his maternal uncle, the late Right Reverend Lakshman Wickremasinghe. It is highly critical of the present political order in Sri Lanka. Bruce Mathews' (of Acadia University, Canada) article on radicalisation of politics in the Tamil areas and the escalation of violence there will appear in the April/May issue of Pacific Affairs. Professor Edward R. Appathurai's (of York University, Canada) 'Communal Politics and National integration in Sri Lanka' was published in Milton israel's (editor), National Unity: The South Asian Experience (New Delhi, Promilla. and Company, 1983).

Page 18
18TAMITMES
ETTERS
Jayawardenes :
'Democracy'
MICHAEL HAMLYN-"reported in The Times of 15th March President Jayawardene's declaration that he was doing his “best to preserve the democratic system' in Sri Lanka. It was presumably in furtherance of his efforts to do so that President Jayawardene obtained undated letters of resignation from his Members of Parliament and postponed the general elections that were due in 1983 by resort to a referendum about which Patricia Hyndman of the prestigious Lawasia Human Rights Standing Committee commented in March 1985: “The referendum to extend the life of the Parliament was held under strictures which severely hampered the opposition campaign. Some opposition politicians were detained under emergency regulations, some had been stripped of their civic 蠶 some opposition papers were banned and some opposition presses were sealed, while the poll itself was marred by the harassment of electoral officers, candidates and voters'.
Again, it may be that it is in furtherance of his efforts to "preserve the democratic system' in Sri Lanka that President Jayawardene continues to have recourse to laws which moved Paul Sieghart; Chairman of the Executive Committee of Justice to say in April 1984: “No legislation conferring even remotely
comparable powers is inforce in any other
free democracy operating of law, however troubled politically motivated vic there is only one knowl impose restriction orders Lankan law) and that is t legislation currently in Africa. . . Such a provisio on the statute book ol country'.
And it may also be Jayawardene seeks to sec in Sri Lanka by methods which led Amnesty Intern in October 1985: "Allegati occurs in Sri Lanka have concern to AI. Over the however, the organisatio consistent reports, many sworn affidavits, which lea that the practice is. W persistent. Torture is us against political detainees, have died as a result, a criminal suspects'. . . . .
It may also be that it was democratic values that imp elected President to dec about a section of his ( newspaper interview on 11 am not worried about the Tamil people now . . . N think about them. Not abo their opinion about us'. A may be forgiven for won democracy may well have Sri Lanka by the strenuc President Jayawardene ha behalf. . . . . . .
- There remains, of cours of the Tamils in Sri Lanka. conflict has also withst Jayawardene’s “best effo solution. It was a regretta
\; ど
The following letter was addressed to the Editor of the Jaffna-based SATURDAY REVIEW by Dr. Ediriwira Sarachchandra, and was published in the 15th February issue of the paper under the headline: "Don's Helpless
ness'. - " ," ''' Dr. Ediriwira Sarachchandra was onetime Professor of Sinhala language and Literature at the University of Ceylon, Peradeniya. He is also well-known as a playwright and producer. He was Sri Lanka's ambassador in Paris. His play 'Maname' has come to remain as a major landmark in the evolution of
Sinhala Drama. : ༡་་ ༡
Reading your journal, the arrival of which I look forward. to eagerly, has made me a sadder but a wiser man. tis the misfortune of the human being that, although Truth is an ultimate Good, knowledge of the truth does not always bring him happiness. Ignorance is, often, bliss. I wonder how many people in the South realise the extent of the sufferings that our brethren, the Tamil people of this a country, have been undergoing for so long and are undergoing at the present moment. People to whom have spoken do not believe what say. Or they do not want to. Their senses are duled by the sound of the ... tamashas around them, the scores of the
THE VOICE OF A SINHA
Cricket matches, the baila: the State radio and Vindana comedies on T.V realise anything unti themselves touched by ti stalking the country.
, But what I feel most di with is a feeling of utterh the face of a this. M * Sivathamby asked me
appeal. But to whom?" A what? Merely to say, senseless killing' is not any avail. How many important than I am, ha There must be some form and this can be ev i, atmosphere of sanity obviously, no sanity now Forces have lost their bal Fear of unknown dea islandmines and their ow before the uriseen enem : them to this state.
The psychology that has reminds us of the My-Lai Vietnam war where, in a y, circumstances but on a regular army units v guerillas. Your journal ren incident, in May last yea soldier going berserk, shc people dead. Now it is Ki

under the rule i it may be by olence. Indeed n precedent to (under the Sri he comparable orce in South n is an ugly blot f any civilised
that President ure democracy of persuasion lational to state ons that torture ಗ್ದಣ್ಣ been of past five years, n has received in the form of d it to conclude idespread and ed particularly Some of whom hd also against
ihris Coracern for belled him as an clare his ... views lectorate in a th July 1983: “I
opinion of the ow We cannot ut their lives or And some of us dering whether come to die in bus efforts that as made on its
te, the problem But the ethnic ood President rts' to find a ble misfortune,
APRIL 1986
that about two weeks after President Jayawardene’s newspaper interview of 11th July 1983, an organised assault was launched on thousands of innocent Tamils living in Sinhala areas - an assault which led Paul Sieghart to comment: “Clearly this was not a spontaneous upsurge of communal hatred among the Sinhala people - nor was it, as has been suggested in some quarters, a popular response to the killing of 13 soldiers in an ambush by Tamil Tigers on the previous day, which was not even reported in the newspapers until after the riots began. It was a series of deliberate acts executed in accordance with a concerted plan, conceived and organised well in advance . . . But what I find most extraordinary is that to this day, there has been no attempt to find out the truth through an official, public and impartial inquiry, when the situation in the country cries out for nothing less'.
And now, in another newspaper interview, in his concern to do “his best', President Jayawardene ruminates
“thoughtfully' and almost sadly: “How to take Jaffna is a problem. . . It means the killing of innocent people'. But then again, President Jayawardene may gain strength from his own words in 1957: “The time has come for the whole Sinhala race which has existed for 2,500 years, jealously safeguarding their language and
religion, to fight without giving an quarter to save their birthright . . . I will lead the campaign'. . . .3
Michael reports that the President seemed in a baffled mood. And that, perhaps, is not surprising. A genocidal attack does have certain baffling aspectsparticularly in the international arena. And speaking to The Times does not resolve all of them. - T. V. Variar Hanwell, London W7
\LA INTELLECTUAL
s broadcast by the Nandana. . They will not. I they are: his Evil that is
ifficult to cope elplessness in My friend Dr. to make an und asking for “
'Stop this going to be of . people, more ave said this? hula for peace, oved in an . There is, . The Security lance of mind. ath-traps like wn impotence y have driven
s gripped them incident in the almost similar
larger scale, vere fighting minds us of the ar, in which a bt Seven Tamil linochchi, and
you have adduced incontrovertible evidence to show that it is not fabricated: the testimony of a Tami who was injured by the gun-shots, and of a Sinhalese who was an eye-witness.
don't presume to be able to propose a solution. Either the militants must lay down their arms, as the President says, so and he will withdraw the Security Forces, or the Security Forces must be withdrawn and the militants must agree to lay down their arms. Or, by agreement, these two events must take place simultaneously.
Of course, this is not easily done, as we saw from the fate of the Thimpu talks. While write, the killing is taking place in the mid-country as well, and members of the Tamil community as well as Sinhalese are suffering, and the economy may be badly hit.
I am raising my feeble voice among thousands of others to say that the Sinhalese do not want this war. We want to live in peace and amity with the Tamils and all other communities. Therefore, let whoever has the power to W stop this war, stop it. . .
Let him not waver, let him not procrastinate, let him take the bold step that is needed, and, in the end the forces of good and justice will be on his side.
Ediriwira Sarachchandra ,

Page 19
APRIL 1986
Government Spending in s North and East a
፹“ዪ`... ❖ °ጳ ጳ
Secrétaries of Ministries arèonow monitoring Government expenditure in the troubled areas of the North and East where terrorist activity has bitten deep into the civilian administration.
Authoritative official sources indicated : that there has been extensive damage to the intrastructure of these areas, which has considerably retarded progress in both development and maintenance work.
The government has decided that each Ministry should examine whether money spent in these areas by departments and other agencies under its control is costeffective. Y
Directions have gone out to all Secretaries of Ministries to examine ; whether the funds spent in the terrorist affected areas of the North and East 'are being properly used for worthwhile ipurposes".
'We've been asked to send these reports in early", one secretary said. Inland : Revenue Chief Hugh Moligoda said that tax collections in both the Jaffna and Batticaloa districts had dropped. -
"I certainly can't go to Jaffna or Batticaloa. We're not very popular in those areas", he said.
WeM/S From Sri La
.. دخة s - Mass Signature Campaign The Citizens' Committee in the north and east are busy collecting signatures protesting against the 1000 metre security zone around security camps. This signature campaign was inaugurated by Bishop D.J. Ambalavanar, Bishop S. Deogupillai, Kailasantha Kurukkal, Moulavi Sathahathulla, Emeritus University Lecturer K. Nesiah, Eela Nadu Editor N. Sabaratnam and Professor K. Sivathamby, Chairman of the Co-ordinating Committee of Citizens' Committees.
* Kamban Tamil Kottam
* ”The message of Kamba Ramayana is that righteousness ultimately triumphs over evil'. ---
Thus stated Wichi, Ghancellor, Jaffna kniversity Dr. S. Withiyananthan in his presidential address at a simple ceremony held to lay the foundation stone for the 'Kamban Tamil Kottam'.
President of Kamban Kalagam Mr. E. Jeyaraj in his welcome address stated that
facilities would be provided for a hall, a .
library of books on Kamban and for research on Kamba Ramayana.
Dr. S. Vithiyananthan continued that a greater part of the epic Kamba Ramayana took place in Sri Lanka. Sita was held a captive in this country. Rama brought his men from India, attacked the Lankan monarch and secured her release. Finally Rama won. Tamils can find solace in this message, he concluded.
Professor A. Sanmugathas, Dr. S. Monaguru, Mr. S. Sivalingarasa; Editor Uthayan Mr W.K. Kanamylnathan; Editor Eela Nadu Mr. N. Sabaratnam; Editor Amirtha Gangai Sembiyan Selvan, Mr. V.N. Sivaraja Registrar Jaffna Campus. Mr. V.K. Sivagnanam; Jaffna Municipal Commissioner also spoke. ر
harbouring
Soviet Po
The continued a LUnion from Colomb to a decline in price the trade. The Sovie the auctions in Dect been inactive since, halfofindias expor BOP prices declinec and five rupees per late last month. Sov 12 million kilograms Cent of Sri Lanka purchases dropped just over four per ce according to teatra Union's Indian purc increased steadily number one buyer pledged to buy 100
India in 1986. ... (Su
Eightdons
Eight senior acad University have s nations to ViceStanley Wijesund authorities to post opening of the scie year. The eight hea the failure of the au demands for a salar for their resigrat
sources said. . . (Sul
Repeal Thesa
Sunil Ranjan Jaya vvela) moving a priva repeal the Thesawal law was in contradi
the Constitution of
previous governme which is contrary
Constitution. The pri is nearly nine years ( existence, he said. " this law to divide applies even if a
property either in Ji
law violates the fur
people. Today we ca
let alone go to Jaffn anywhere. This is ut division perpetrate ruled Ceylon". . . (TF
Priest back to
Fr. Aparanam Si priest who stood in the High Court Co acquitted of the c information of the Pe bank robbery, that
him. But the pries
drove back to Welika charged in an Bauddha loka Mawai
on that case,
terrori information to the P. attack on the Chavak
Immediately Singarayer speaking prevention of Terr repealed. We are fre not Want to see t Sinhala brethren. . .
 
 

lika
licy hits tea
bsence of the Soviet o's tea auctions has led
s and raised concern in
it Union withdrew from imber last year and has
while pledging to buy s in the coming year... " by two rupees per kilo ilo for the bettergrades et buyers accounted for in 1984, nearly five per s sales. In 1985, the 'o 5.5 million kilograms, "nt of the total, exports, de statistics. The Soviet hases, mean While have
and it was india's
last year. It has also,
million kilograms from
n - 103.86)
cuit
emics of the Colombol. ubmitted their resig
Chancellor. Professor era compelling the pone indefinitely the nce faculty for the new
ds of department cited
thorities to grant their y increase, as a reason
ions, top university
n- 5.3.86)
walami — M.P.
akody (UNP — Polgahaate member's motion to amai Law, said that this ction to two articles of
Sri Lanka. None of the
ints changed this law to two articles of the esent UNP Government old but this law is still in
The British made use of
the people. This law resident of Jaffna has affna or outside it. This damental rights of the Innot buy land in Jaffna a, but they can buy land fair. This law is a caste d by the British who le lisland – 8.3.86)
Jail
garayer, the Catholic he dock for 180 days in lombo was yesterday harge of withholding lice about the Neerveli
was brought against , happy and smiling, da prison. He is already
adjoining Court at
ha.
e is charged vith its and withholding
lice about the terrorist achcheri Police Station }n his acquittal Fr. to the press said: 'The prism Act should be edom fighters. We do he bloodshed of our ' (The island - 4.3.86)
TAMITMES 19
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Progressive Sinhala writers strongly protest against the oppression in Chile,
Vietnam, Angola and in other countries.
But it is unfortunate that they remain dumb when atrocities are committed against the Tamils in their own country in the North.
Thus lamented Mr. Dominic Jeeva, Editor
of Tamil monthly magazine "Mallikai" at a
Seminar, on "Contemporary Tamil Literature' held under the auspices of the Jaffna Branch of Ceylon Progressive Somahanthan Presided.
Mr. Dominic Jeeva continued that it was encouraging that several creative Tamil writers have emerged from even among the most oppressed castes among the Tamil community in Sri Lanka, while it has not been so even in Tamil Nadu. General secretary l. Santhan proposed the vote of thanks. .

Page 20
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Page 22
Six
22TAMILTMES
CLASSIFIED
ADS
Death
To advertise in this section,
please send the
text of your advertisement with prei payment to Advertisement Manager, Tamil : Times, P.O. Box304, London W1390N. First 20 words cost f12 and each additional word 75 pence. If a box number is used, an additional f3 is payable. Deadline for each month's issue is the 1st. Cheques should be
drawn payable to Tamil Times.
MATRMONIAL
Sister's family settled in Britain seek Hindu
partners for graduate
brothers pro
ifessionally qualified, 36 and 32 years,
working
in London, British citizens.
Students considered. Apply with particulars
and photograph. Box M94.
Jaffna Hindu parents seek professionally qualified bridegroom for their attractive 22 i year old daughter, working in London as a
secretarial assistant. Box M95.
Jaffna Tamil Hindu electrical engineer, 38
years, widower, * Government job with : contract in Middle East.
no children.
Holds family status' Seeks suitable
partner. Please write with full particulars.
Box M96.
Tamil Hindu parents seek professionally qualified bridegroom under 30 years for 'professionally qualified working daughter,
British citizen, 24 years. Write with details.
Box M97.
WEDDINGS
The marriage of M. Kanagadevan (Bobby) to Raji Sabapathy (daughter of the late Mr. Sam Sabapathy and of Mrs. Sabapathy) was solemnized on March 22 at the Community Centre, Watford. Mr. Kanag
adevan is the son of the late Mr.
R.
Mahadeva (former General Secretary of
S.C.O.T.) and of Mrs.
Kanagalakshmi
Mahadeva, 69 Streatfield Road, Harrow,
Middx.
The wedding of Mr. T. Pathmanathan and Miss Mangayatkarasi Sinnadurai took place on 29.3.86 at the Shree Ganapathy Temple, Winbledon, London SW19. The bridegroom is a cousin of Mr. M.T. Manikkavasagan, Kenton, Harrow and the bride a sister of Mr. S. Navaratnarajah, Shirley
Park, Croydon.
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M.H. HARRISON, Dr. pass February in his home in A U.S.A. He taught at Jaff 1919-1930. He married M granddaughter of Dr. E.P. Principal of Jaffna College law of Grover Cleveland, o
of the U.S.A.
JEEVANAYAGAM. ܘܘܬ London of Glory Thiraviya A.V. Jeevanayagam, mot (London), and Ravi (Londo Avenue, Manor Park, ond
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Pathman. The ary 8 of Pathman superintendent of Ingest son of the rpenter CanagaJoduvil. He leaves lie, four sons, a ers - Messrs. gam and P.J.C. blic servants (CoMr. D.S.C. ital Secretary, ind a sister, Mrs.
ntly in UK.
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APRIL 1986
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There are many strands of Tamil life and experience but today only a few voices are heard. This is not because the others have nothing to say; they simply lack a place in which to say it.
The Tamil voice in Sri Lanka has been muted, almost stilled, by the burning of presses and libraries, banning of foreign journalists, censorship, draconian laws under continuous Emergency rule, intimidation,
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The Sinhalese voice is heard loud and clear as the Sri Lanka Government own and control not only much of the press but also radio and television and, above all, possess the full paraphernalia of propaganda and publicity.
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Page 24
24TAMILTMES
Bombing and Shelling-continued from page 1
to fire at will with automatic weapons and mortars within these zones as and when the security forces deem it necessary. Since there are about 60 army camps in the two provinces, virtually every town is threatened. It is estimated that just over 100,000 civilians are covered by 11 army camps in the Jaffna peninsula alone and 250,000 more in the northern part of the mainland. In the Jaffna city, 52,000 fall within the shadow of the garrison in the Dutch-built fort. The onekilometre zone embraces the general hospital, the bus station, municipal offices, bazaar, nine schools, 2120 shops and 2681 houses. 'They are
sitting ducks for mortar fire from inside
the camp', commented "The Hindu', the Indian English daily.
Diary Of Incidents
År 16.3.86: At Kilinochchi in north Sri Lanka, 7 Tamil civilians who were travelling in a tractor were shot dead,
and one was injured. At Muthur in the
eastern province, 5 Muslims were shot dead by the security forces and their bodies set on fire. A 18.3.86: The inhabitants of Myliddy, Palaly, Kankesanthurai and Karainagar in the Jaffna district have been fleeing from their homes because of continuous naval shelling.
★ 20.3 86: About 75 Tamil civilians,
while returning from work, were
arrested in eastern Batticaloa.
21.3.86: Canons were fired from within the army camps in Karainagar, Navatkuli and Jaffna resulting in the deaths of 3 persons and injury to 29 persons. Over 200 Tamils were arrested between Kalladippalam and
Manchanthoduwai in Batticaloa. . . . . .
素24386 Two Tamil civilians were shot dead by the security forces in Mannar.
* 25.386. At least 5 Tamil civilians were killed in Vavuniya when the army went about indiscriminately shooting in retaliation for a land mine explosion allegedly planted by a Tamil militant group. 3 soldiers were killed and 3 others injured when their vehicle hit a landmine on the HabaranaTrincomalee road. The Jaffna bound
AND CONCERT
The Mayor of Brent, Councillor Roger Stone, was the Chief Guest at the above seminar organised by the Tamil Association of Brent and chaired by its
MULTIRACIAL SEMINAR
。
Yari Devi train was blow fire at Omanthai pres Tamil militant group.
A 27.3.86: Telipalai i district was subjected ti by the security forces Tamil civilian was kille others injured. ۔ج.
* 28.3.86: At least 5 m security forces were kil more injured at Kinniya i
when their jeep hit a lan
THE NEDUNK
MASSAC
Up to 18 Tamils, includit pensioners, were killed troops on the morning of 2 an 'operation in the village Vavuniya, in northern Sri La According to eye-witt
• Soldiers dressedin black un, and surrounded the villa scores of houses, looted sh people began to flee, the indiscriminately.
Of the victims, five peo inside a shop. The troops bodies of seven persons, victims ranged from 25 to 6 woman aged 25. Three pe pensioners and a forty-five were seriously injured. . As usual, the Ministr Security has described 'terrorists.
Rampage in Na At last four civilians were 15 persons were injured army personnel, including commandos, went on Nainativu, an island a few northern Jaffna peninsul l, sacred by both Hindus and March. Many houses, she boats were set on fire, a chariots, the maniam, the doorway of the historic Amman Hindu temple wei course of this rampage. 7 looted many properties be to then.
The rampage was retaliation to the blasting of a sea-mine alleged to have a Tamil guerrilla group personnel were reportedl injured in the blast.
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President, Mr. P. Shanmug Aylestone School Hall, Lond March.
Rev. John Knight spoke ( faced by Sri Lankan Tami Lanka and as asylum-seeke argued that it was inhumanc Office to deport Tamils wł here, and unfair not to issue for those temporarily a deplored the Sri Lankan attempts to destroy Tamil Lanka and its bombing a innocent civilians. He sai should weed out rivalry, hatred from their hearts
 
 
 

help and set on
umably by a
n the Jaffna p aerial attack in which one d and several
embers of the led and some n TrinCOmalee dmine.
ERNY RE ? ? ?
ng women and by Sri Lankan 'O March during of Nedunkerny, Inka. less accounts, iforns noved in ge, set fire to ops, and as the y were shot at
ple were burnt took away the The ages of the Oand included a 'ople, two male year old woman
y of . National the victims as
inativu
(illed and about when navy and black-uniformed a rampage in y miles off the a regarded as Buddhists, on 3 ps and fishing nd two temple chapparaт атd Nagapooshani e gutted in the he troops also
fore setting fire
apparently in a naval boat by been planted by . Three naval y killed and 6
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APRIL 1986
LETTERS- continued Tamil Viewpoint in China and JapaA
YOUR THOUGHTFUL editoria “On the
Road to Nirvana with Zia' (February 1986) is
to be commended. In it, you had observed that the level of knowledge of the truth of what iš happening in Sri Lanka is also rising in the world's media. However, I sincerely feel that we (expatriate Tamils living outside Sri Lanka)
have to do much more to inform the world.
Let us consider the Asian region itself. Of the three dominant countries (India, China and
Japan), only India has come to understand the problems and sufferings of Tamils. How much
have we done to explain the Tamil point of view to the Chinese and Japanese? I know that we have limited resources. and that language is
another serious barrier.
The Sri Lankan government has its official resources to propagate its version of the fight against Tamil "terrorism'. When Jayawardene visited China and Japan, he had tried (successfully to a limited extent) to curry favour by projecting the Buddhistic image of his regime and suggesting that Tamils
(terrorists, to his Government) are supported
by the predominantly Hindu India. Whether Chinese and Japanese practise the Sri Lankan Theravada-style of Buddhism is a different matter altogether. However, Jayawardene had : intentionally pursued this 'Buddhistic path to receive military aid from China and economie aid from Japan.
Having recently arrived in Japan, I read, with not a little amusement, the February 4th Sri Lankan Independence Day messages which appeared in the English newspapers of Japan. Jayawardene and Premadasa, as usual, had promised to destroy and eradicate Tamil terrorists in Sri Lanka within this year. We will
have to wait and see how they are going to
But, ietus not live in a fool's paradise, that the plight of Sri Lankan Tamils is well known to
the rest of the world. We have hardly done
anything at all to inform the non-English speaking world about the Tamil struggle for
justice and equality.
I sincerely feel that an understanding and recognition by the Chinese and the Japanese of the Tamil liberation fight is very important, and should be urgently sought. In the fight for freedom and its subsequent recognition, Tamils should not leave any stone unturned.
Since I hold a Sri Lankan passport, to safeguard my professional interests, I should appreciate if you refrain from publishing my
name.
A Reader in Tokyo
Mafi ; : nathan, at the Om NW6 Om 15
of the hardship ls both in Sri rs abroad. He for the Home no are already work permits admitted. He Government's Culture in Sri nd strafing of d that Tamils
jealousy and and unite to
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(violin), Simt P. Ganesan (veena), Smt S.,
survive, and should let the world know that they are a people with a great history, a great culture and a great tradition.
The other speakers were Councillor. Ford (Deputy Mayor) who spoke on “Preserving one's own culture', Councillor M. Maglorie on “The struggle for racial equality', Mr. D.S. Monocha on “Racial Harmony', and Mr. S., Ramaligam on “Multiracial Britain'.
The programme ended with a concert in which the following artists took part. Smt K. Anandarajan (vocal), Dr. L. Jayan
Ramachandran (dance) and Sri R. Rajalingham (mirudangam).