Page 1
TAMIL TIMES
SSNO266-4-48B
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION
LUKWITIEWSri Laka ..... E9 USS5
All other countries...... E15/USS25
Published monthly by TAMIL TIMES LTD P.O. EOX 3D-4 LOIdo WW3 9N United Kingdom
CONTENTS
Edit C riiH l ...........................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2
Sk. f: Policy ..................... 3
THE MErgET ըf Nըrth aրը East , ե
- 구 = - = = 그리 HTT 7
La FlaS DE FILIAS || || || || || || || || || || || E
Dr K, Arumսgam ալ............
ThE Human Rights FatԼur in the Ethniը :
Conflict... |
Effects of Curuflict in II ECONOMINY in North Br||Sri Lankä|Pä T||„. 14
The Cylings: Peuple in Exile... 15
TOW är d5 3 CDT152|15 JIS? (Part II) ,,, ,,... 15
Latters to the Ecitor.............,,..., 18
Classified Ads..................
On the Madras Shooting Incident,..., 24
LLKLK LaLLLCLLLLLtC LLaLLaaaHuLC CLG Ga TIEr|Essarily Thr:Eiflh: Edituror the pILuEoli i5 hiEr:5,
The at Elish: ; issuing no responsibility
for return ofunstlicited Tianuscripts Eohip Erdograph sarı d Hrtwork.
Princid By Clair: I dari Print Fars Ltd. Beacos sfield, Buckinghamshire
OM I
THE GOVERNMENT
il the South II dia T S for the Sri Laikai T: series of dawn raids së Veral hundred Tar liberation groups, LT
וח |ווחE T Hוf thם Must Picked up frCITI thir hor Oli Stati Wher ti finger-print ed and p milita fit lëä der CITI TIgn realika petty Crimina
It is || SJ || E. HTTT that II raids Om ab Jut 15 Tillit: DCilico Salzed a large q iTI CILI ding Surface-to-ai |BLIIIth Eris, T a chine gur grerlades and heavy arti tiTE it became known th WETEin DOSSESSiOn of Sur
Most of the Tilitants TELEBSEd but ther lead HDLSE arrest and guards հըmlE.s
Immediate
The iTITI E diate causa agairst the Ti|itants W, shooting incident whic Nye Tibër at Cholair Lira IT in Madras. It is r broke DIt arising from a |QCa people and Some TE The EPRLF Ingribers WBr CFOWd Of IOC als and the f their residence and 0. defef|:e. A loca|| Socia|| || karasu, aged 24, was kill 'W','Pre in|Lifed, The inci. ŠEri Es (of rotests by the | demanded SC were action Terthers. Twly were ros]]fTEd thät soma (f charged with ITILIrder,
ClO3 om thë hiels Of ththPre Was än Other incider Thāna wuf district Linths: | involving some ITETIber. PLÖT. än Other Tämi||Tiilillä
According to a report PLOT members allegedly Willage and their Tishcha to by the local villagers. SCB II g h LIt later CarTië ErITĖ TIENI HII Taidd thi W10 WEr B Called IIl round:
 

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No. 1
No Weber 1986
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Colombo must be overjoyed by the sudden turn of events tate of Tar Til Nadu which has been regarded as a safe haven |mil TT ilitants. The Tartnil Nach Lu police in a well Co-ordinated :onducted on 9 November in and around Madras rounded up nil Tilitants, including the main leaders of the five Tamil TE, EPRLF, EROS, PLOT and TELO,
ilitant leade TS WEre 1Es and takes to the ey Were reportedly hotographed. One ted thà théy WBTE ls.
th? ÇOLITSE COf thĖSE int strongholds, the Lantity of Weapons, f TissilES. TDCkET is, auto Tatic rifles, |llery, IE Wäs the first at the TaT || ||Ti|itant S fa CE-to-air Tissil B5 detaired WWDC la ter 2rs WE TE put und Pr pla CeduLtside thair
Cause
of the Crackdown as attributed to a :h OCCLUTTEd In 1 nariu, Thirwa||LIWäreported that a fight disput: between the Tibers of the EPRLF, e Overwhelmed by a rre ritreated int) eled fire in self. Narker, Thirunayukled and LWO others lent sparked of a Dcal population who against the EPRLF
arrested drid it is
Thom hạVB Hệ:ạn
shooting incident, it near ratha fad in tight of 1 November 5 b El Origing to the nt grtյսբ.
iI Thië. Hindu, thir 23
went to a nearby,
with Lir W35 Objected The the left the back with several Willage. The police 2d up the raiders.
Mr. W. P. Chintin, CPIM1, MLA, who is generally supportive of the Sri Lankan Tamils, described the shooting incident as an a larming developmento. In a sta tenent he said, "In a shocking incident in Madras, two yQL this ha WB fällen Victi ITIS ICI UN prowok Ped firing by a group of Sri Lanka Tamil militants, Some Others are als reported to ha wD suffered injuries, Arms, including grenades, autoTatic rifles and shotguns appear to have bSEn seized fra Them,
"Another incident at Orathan ad where Some Tamil militants raided a village with ButDITlatic WBap Ons is als reported, A Few Weeks ago, the Tamil militants resorted to use of a fills at Vedaraya III against innocent Citizens. All the S9 are alarning developпепts The Tamil Nadu government and the Police must safeguard the lives of the people of the State by seizing all the fire arts from the militants in the State. The State Government should also grant immodiate relief to the families of the victims", Mr. Chinton added.
Democratic Opinion Outraged
The respected English daily, The Hindu, Which has generally the ISYF pathetic to the plight of the Sri Lankan Tamils, in regard to the shooting incident commented that those involved had "turned Turderously against civil Society in Madras ... When those professing | Oyäilty TO The gual of "national liberation', and also India's good offices in the Tatter of finding a way cut of a neighbouring country's ethnic crisis repay the hospitality the pempla of this nation hawa provided Un grLlidgingly with terroristic Tachine gunning Din the streets of Madras, de TOC ratic public opinion has every justification for fевling horribly outraged . ."
While these incidents of violence Inight be ragarded as contributory Cases ficf 1 hig police action against the Tamil militants, pulitical Ohseryers see a Tin Luch morë funda Tlantal TPasan behind the widas prgad natur B and scale Of the polic 2 Upérätinn in taking several hundred Tamil militants into Custody and SBizing their WBapons, Thé widB
Continued or hack flagg

Page 2
2 TAMILTIMES
MILITANTS IN
FOLLOWING the breakdown of the second round of talks in Bhutan between the delegations of the Sri Lankan government and Tamil groups in August 1985, the Indian government ordered the expulsion from India of three Sri Lankan Tamils, A. S. Balasingam, S. C. Chandrahasan and N. Satyendra. The reaction to the expulsion was unexpected and bewildered the Indian authorities. The opposition to this move was almost unanimous from all shades of political opinion in India. The Indian press was loud in its denunciation of the expulsions as a clumsy blunder. As far as Tamil Nadu was concerned, there were mass demonstrations and hartals demanding the withdrawal of the expulsion orders. The ruling AIADMK and the opposition DMK and other political parties in Tamil Nadu competed with each other in raising their powerful voices for the immediate return of the three expelled Sri Lankan Tamils. And New Delhi was compelled to relent in the face of this massive display of profound solidarity with the Sri Lanka Tamils. This was little over a year ago. - ;
This month, the Tamil Nadu police in a blitz-krieg-like operation raided several homes and strongholds of the Tamil militant groups in and around Madras, took into custody several hundred militants including their entire leadership and confiscated what was described as large quantities of weapons. According to sources close to the militant groups, those taken into custody, without exception, were finger-printed, photographed and treated in a shabby fashion.
That this operation was authorised by the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, M. G. Ramachandran, whose sympathy and support for the Sri Lankan Tamil cause has hitherto been unqualified, cannot be doubted. Nor could it be disputed that it had the complete approval of New Delhi.
Not a single political party at the national level or Tamil Nadu level voiced any serious objection to the action of the police. Even DMK leader, M. Karunanithi, who has been questioning the adequacy of the support given to alleviate the sufferings of the Tamil people and called for a more direct and strident stance against the Colombo a government, found himself unable to make any demonstrative move against the action of the Tamil Nadu police. Nedumaran, who had concentrated his political activity since July 1983 on the single issue of espousing the cause of the Sri Lanka Tamils, found himself in a helpless position. . - - М
The Sri Lankan Tamil issue has been the one and only issue on which all the political parties, from the extreme right to the extreme left, in India have adopted a uniform and united position. Whenever the issue was taken up for discussion or debate in the Indian Parliament, there was a virtual unanimity of opinion in expressing support and sympathy for the Tamil people and condemnation of the actions of the Sri Lankan government. However when the subject was recently raised in the Lok Sabha, only a few members belonging to the Congress(I) and AIADMK spoke, and they spoke in support of the action by the Tamil Nadu police against the Tamil militant leadership.
Most significant was the absence of any popular supportive reaction from the people of Tamil Nadu in opposition to the move against the Tamil militants. There
 

NOVEMBER 1986
TAML, NADU
were none of the familiar spontaneous angry scenes of several thousand Ordinary people marching and milling in the streets of Tamil Nadu. On the contrary, while the reaction of the people by and large was subdued, the response of the popular media has been one of justification of the police action. Some politicians and commentators even called for tougher action against the militants.
How come that the almost inexhaustible reservoir of support and goodwill for the Tamil people and the militants in India and in particular Tamil Nadu had been dissipated to such an extent ? The Tamil militant groups should examine themselves and their actions in seeking an answer to this question. The shooting incident in Madras on 1 November involving some members of the EPRLF only provided an excuse for a course of action which had already been predetermined. Leading members of some militant groups would appear to have forgotten that they are in another country. They seem to have ignored the elementary fact that the freedom of movement and action they enjoyed in India depended very much on their capacity to retain popular support. They would seem to have failed to ensure that their conduct and actions did not manifest an insensitivity to the feelings and opinions of the ordinary people of Tamil Nadu. Some of their actions have been described as an abuse of the generosity and hospitality they received. Many of their highly publicised pronouncements, claims and assertions have caused acute embarrassment to the Indian and Tamil Nadu governments.
Many Tamils may have been shocked and disturbed by the recent turn of events in Tamil Nadu and especially by the action taken against the Tamil militants. But to the discerning, it was neither surprising nor unpredictable.
The Indian government has unambiguously set out its. areas of interest as far as developments in Sri Lanka are concerned. It also has clearly stated the parameters within which it seeks to assist in the resolution of the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. In the context of the stalemate in its military confrontation with the Tamil militants, the Sri Lankan government has been virtually compelled much against its wish to come up with the latest set of proposals. These proposals have been amended many times following negotiations with the TULF and the government of India. The position of the Indian government in regard to these proposals has been made clear by no less a person than Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. -
As far as those who claim to lead the Tamil people in Sri Lanka are concerned, it is absolutely crucial that they approach the problems facing the Tamil people with a full and realistic appreciation of all the forces that are at work, both nationally and internationally, including the recent developments in Tamil Nadu concerning the Tamil militants. What is perceived as the best and the most just solution has to be viewed in the light of objective and subjective factors which predominate at a given politicohistorical conjuncture, recognising that these factors have a habit of determining the course of events not necessarily leading to the best and just solution as perceived or wished for by the people or the leaders concerned.

Page 3
NOVEMBER 1986
SRI LANKA : а confuse
INDIAN OFFICIAL POLICY, towards the Tamil question in Sri Lanka has got curioser and curioser, even if some of its proximate causes and motivations seem
quite transparent. What relation does the massive and undiscriminating police
action in Tamil Nadu against the Sri
Lankan Tamil militant , organisations, including their top leaders who have been
placed under house arrest under instructions from the Centre, bear to India's high policy-level effort to find a negotiated political way out of the neighbouring country's ethnic crisis? No one in the corridors of power in New
Delhi, or in the Tamil Nadu Government
for that matter, seems to have a clue to this riddle. Self-congratulation, or euphoria with respect to such moves bringing a political settlement nearer, is the last thing called for under the circumstances - which seem to demand urgent repair work or crisis management measures.
Whatever the intentions be behind the sensationalised crackdown on the militants, there are at least three apparent major effects at this point. In the first place, the action has clearly boosted the morale as well as the propaganda mills of the Jayawardene regime which continues to pursue its brutal military strategy against the Sri Lankan Tamils while professing commitment to a negotiated
about which only conveyed to the C the foreign policy aside in a manner How the AIADM allowed this operat legitimate law a triggered by the sections of the mili as though it were m matter divested content or implic reasonable explana The details now Delhi as much as that the operation c Nadu police was ha to the militant participated in discussion with th Minister only five did visible serious policy interests Prabakaran, the le organisation, the l police station for photographed fror 'a common c Balakumar, the E known not to hav slightest problem order' in the State humiliation, denie
political settlement. that even a convic
It is truly outrageous that Colombo has responded to whatever signal it has detected in the Tamil Nadu Government's move against the Tamil militants by unleashing a new round of atrocities - including aerial bombardment of villages in the vicinity of Jaffna - against the Tamils. The Government of India's policy must, giving up its vacillation, recognise and act against this brutal and treacherous element in the Sri Lankan State's response to the ethnic crisis. There is no question of India going along with the military course pursued by Messrs. Jayawardene, Athulathmudali & Co. - or their attempt to use the pressure of a failed, but not abandoned, military strategy to push down the negotiating level of the Tamils. But after the mess made of relations with the militant organisations and their top leaders, it would be necessary to make this policy line absolutely clear to the people of India as well as to the whole world.
The second effect relates to official Indian relations with the militant organisations. There should be no illusion that the militants have been softened in the direction of a negotiated political settlement - or indeed that the political or emotional leverage the Central and State Governments have had with them remains intact. (The analysis by a key militant leader, reported in THE HINDU underlines this point).
It is now clear that the so-called Operation Tiger which should be renamed Operation Disarm and Humiliate' was a Tamil Nadu police initiative
What law and or interest could poss by such crude meas The Tamil Nadu G. Ramachandra aSSure the LTTE le Tuesday that he action against presumably the brutal outrage in members of one resorted to mac Streets of Madras citizen - political turned against the II demand Some kind those responsible, did not feel threate the big question t and Humiliate ha for speculative disc is: in the light of r denials that arms w the militants, or a Indian Soil for bei areas of Sri Lank state's military ca revelations from t add up to? .
The third effect foster the impress continuity with pri 1983 official Ind } broken and also tha or consistency in This is reflected ir explanations that between Madras

TAML TIMES3
luncoordinated policy
the vaguest idea was entre in advance, with implications brushed
that strains credulity. IK State Government
ion - which involved a nd order component wild actions of some tants — to be conducted erely a technical police of serious political :ation seems to defy tion at this juncture.
available (from New Madras) make it clear 'arried out by the Tamil m-handed, humiliating leaders (who had a Serious political he Tamil Nadu Chief days before this), and damage to the larger pursued. Mr. V. ader of the key militant LTTE, was taken to a inane questioning and n different angles like criminal; Mr. V. EROS leader (who is a been involved in the relating to law and 2), was, on top of the d elementary facilities it is legally entitled to. der” or national policy
sibly have been served
ures? Chief Minister, Mr. M.
n, has done well to. aders whomhe met on.
would take suitable those responsible -
police. Following the
Madras - in which militant organisation hine-gunning on the and killed an Indian and popular opinion militants and seemed to of tough action against
so that Indian citizens
ned with weapons. But
hat "Operation Disarm
is raised Sensationally, ussion the world over, epeated Indian official vere being passed on to lowed to be stored on ng taken to the Tamil
a for use against the
mpaign, what do the he Tamil Nadu police
of the crackdown is to sion that the Sense of avious Strands of postian policy has been at there is no coherence the policy, framework. the clumsiness of the have been tossed and New Delhi,
along with his attempt to sell an inadequate package to
published on October 28.
including in Parliament - where the Minister of State for External Affairs, Mr. K. Natwar Singh, found himself making
the quite inaccurate Statement that no arrests were made of the militant leaders
and that they had only been advised to be available in Madras for consultation. (Actually, in a move nearly as clumsy as Operation Disarm and Humiliate, the Centre asked the State Government to place the top leaders of the militant
organisations under house arrest and, in the case of Mr. Uma Maheswaran, the
PLOT leader, had an order served on him
in New Delhi under the Foreigners
Registration Act).
Now that the deed has been done, the emphasis must be on the repair work which needs, in the first instance, to sort out the mess and then take constructive steps to move the situation back towards a serious and coherent search for a political settlement. Mr. Jayawardene must be informed authoritatively that he should not be under any illusion that India will go military strategy-led
the Tamils. This newspaper wishes to reiterate the points relating to the issues under negotiation, and the peace process, that it emphasised in its editorial
Measurable progress has been made it
- the India-aided efforts to find a political
settlement, but the gap between the two sides on some major issues - above all, on the unit of devolution - remains formidable. “Indian policy must persist intelligently, but without cutting corners, in its constructive endeavour of bridging
the gap . . . The key thing that Mr. Rajiv
Gandhi must remember - and act upon while meeting Mr. Jayawardene in Bangalore is that the Sri Lankan Tamils, moderates as well as militants, must be persuaded to accept a package by meaningful improvements in the package - not by anything that suggests forcing it down their throat.' ' く
Right now, the Prime Minister needs to pay priority attention to the task of getting
India's Sri Lankan policy back on track.
(The HINDU, Editorial, 13, 11.86)
TAMILMILITANTS,"
APOLOGISE FORINCIDENT
THE Sri Lankan Tamil Militant Group Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF), which opened fire on some local people in Madras killing one and injuring two, have apologised to the Tamil Nadu State Government and assured all Co-operation for any enquiry into the incident.
EPRILF leader K. Padrmanabha irn a statement, said 'whatever be the circumstances, the firing by EPRLF militants was an uncivilised and undisciplined act'. He also announced the expulsion of ten members involved in the firing incident. .

Page 4
4 TAM TIMES
The Church Sings
TO MOST people in the North (especially Christians) who were (mis) fortunate to Witness the spectacle on State Television's news spot, it was an unbelievable and unedifying sight. I refer, of course, to the ceremony held at a Roman Catholic Cathedral in Colombo last week during which the regimental colours of several battalions of the armed forces were blessed by Church leaders. The blessing of these battalions was prior to their departure to the war front where they would be rendering "dedicated and loyal service' to protect the 'people of this land' and where they would be involved in a righteous war against the Tamil 'terrorists' of the North and East. The Roman Catholic Archbishop, Rt. Rev. Nicholas Marcus Fernando, was assisted in this Service by the Anglican Bishop of Colombo, the Rt. Rev. Swithin Fernando and the President of the Methodist Conference, Rev. H. Fernando. (in) appropriately enough
'On Ward Christ
the processional hym Christian Soldiers, m war. . .''.
lt is intriguing tha where Buddhism is th that the Christian Chu such a prominent role the efforts of the Further, it is unbelie Church should be blessing the very sam whose efforts at decim population and whose killings have been we by organisations b abroad.
Memories are short these Church leader recalled the two Ro priests and the Metho who were cold-blood by Security personne tragic.
Only one deduction from this and that is t hierarchy of the Sout that, as in the past, it
THE CAN(N)ON BACKFRES
PEOPLE, even Canons, should stick to anecdotage when they are in their dotage. Unfortunately Canon Harold De Mel has chosen to ignore this prudent rule and has written a letter to the Bishop of Jaffna published on 7th October in the Ceylon Daily News.
He begins by saying that he has close connection with Tamils and drops names like the late Dr. D.T. Niles and his two sons. He also goes on to say that though he is an Anglican he has many Roman Catholic friends like the Bishop of Kandy. W
According to the Anglican Canon, every man is a pingo carrier. To quote his own words, "Into the basket in front he puts all the faults of others but all his own faults and those of his own kith and kin are in the basket behind.'
He wants the Bishop of Jaffna to turn the pingo right round and "peep into the basket you have behind.' í The good Canon would do well to tak his own advice. He refers to the killing of K. Kathiramalai and says: “The recent brutal murder of the Provincial Sarvodhya leader K. Kathiramalai compels me to write this letter to the Pontiff and religious head of the North.
This is the last straw. Enc It must open the eyes of folk who are not cowards
My, My! Where wei when this very same Mr. pregnant wife, father-inlaw and servant were shot forces in Vavuniya last ye We never saw you rush condemn this heinous crii Fr. Mary Bastian, a R Priest in the Vankalai Pa and Brother Wenceslaus Ashram at Tholakatty murdered by the securit was your pen doing then,
Hundreds and hundre Tamil civilians were a tortured and killed by forces. Did we hear a sq Canon? Only when the B rightly reflecting the moc here appealed to the U and stop genocide your becomes active.
Who is promoting chauvinism, you or Bisho Stick to Avocado Pea stop backfiring.
(Saturday Revie

NOVEMBER 1986
an Soldiers'
n was 'Onward narching as to
t in a country e State religion rch should play e in sanctifying armed forces. vable that the
involved in e armed forces lating the Tamil
2 atrocities and
l documented oth here and
lived or surely S would have pman Catholic dist clergyman edly murdered el. The irony is
can be made hat the Church th has decided
is wiser, more
popular and certainly safer to toe the official line. Whilst in most countries the Church in its fight for justice finds itself at loggerheads with the powers that be, here in Sri Lanka, we have the dismaying leaders falling over themselves in their eagerness to spout populist sentiment. reveal a total lack of sensitivity to the plight of the Tamil people who are also a 'people of this land'. The Tamil headline that 'The Church in Sri Lanka; More Sinhala, Less Christian' seems to be unfortunately borne out by such events.
It entails pain and sacrifice, especially in a society where Christianity is in the minority. That, however, is the cross that the Church, in all parts of this country, is called to bear. To witness to the truth - and to hell with the
consequences.
spectacle of Church
By their actions they
Times's recent editorial
To be a witnessing Church is not easy.
D.C.A. By courtesy of The Morning Star, 17 October 1986
bugh is enough
all courageous to see reality.' re you Canon Kathiramalai's law, mother-inby the security ar? ing into print to
e. oman Catholic rish in Manmar, of the Rosarian were brutally y forces? What Canon? :ds of innocent und are being the security ueak from you ishop of Jaffna, ld of the people N to intervene impotent pen
racism and p Deogupillai? rS, Canon, and
viv, 1 1 Octøber 1986)
Bloody Celebrations
The Sri Lankan Army at the Jaffna Fort celebrated its 38th Anniversary with a 'big bang - a salvo of cannon shells was fired into the heart of the town on the 10th evening and 11th morning of October.
In this firing three persons died including a one year old child who apparently died of shellShock. The others who lost their lives were 45 year old cook, Kalimuthu Karuppiah, a cook at Hotel Subhas whose head was completely decapitated and a tri-Shaw driver, Subramanian Jayapalan (30) of Moolai. 10 others were injured. A clinic at the Jaffna General Hospital was so damaged that the treatment at the clinic has been suspended. Another shell landed at the gates of the Jaffna Secretariat. Fortunately no one was injured, as it was a non-working day. Incidentally this shell fell far beyond the 1000 metre range.
In contrast to this 'bloody celebration, those at the Army Camp at Elephant Pass treated the passengers to Passion fruit cordial and sweets at the barrier.
What a difference in attitude among the higher echelons of the Army in the North of Sri Lankal
2OOARRESTED
In search operations conducted on 3 November by the security forces at Mahaladithivu, Kokkaddicholai, Porathivu and Padugamam in east Sri Lanka about 200 Tamil civilians were taken into custody and forced to march all the 30 miles or so from there to Batticaloa.

Page 5
NOVEMBER 1986
THE MERGER NORTH AND E
THIS issue of the merger of the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka has become central to the dispute, with Tamil opinion increasingly polarized in favour of the merger and Sinhalese opinion virtually unanimously opposed to it. Proposals have even been made to dismember the Eastern province to resolve the dispute. It does not appear that the long term consequences of the different opinions have been fully examined.
It is assumed that any possible solution must grant to the selfgoverning units adequate powers to control colonisation and maintain internal security. Anything less will be suicidal for the minorities. Given this assumption, there seems to be no significant advantages in merging the Northern and Eastern provinces. In the absence of coercion from outside, those already in the Eastern province will have a common interest in limiting
colonisation from outside and in
avoiding disturbing the ethnic proportions of the province. In particular, the Tamils and Muslims will be equally interested in ensuring that their population share of the province is not further reduced by Sinhalese colonisation. If there is to be
any colonisation from outside, that
must be negotiated by the centre with the provincial government which must first be given the necessary authority to control colonisation and the
numbers to be brought in from outside and their ethnic composition must be
approved by the provincial government. Such an arrangement will in fact give both the centre and the provinces incentives to cooperate and avoid discriminatory policies.
lf, on the other hand, the Northern and Eastern provinces are united, the predominant fear within the Eastern province will be domination by the Northern province. On this issue, the
Sinhalese and the Muslims of the
Eastern province will have common Cause to resist Tamil domination. Even the Eastern province Tamils may have occasion to join hands with them on certain communal and regional disharmony within the self-governing unit which
can be exploited by those who have political interests in fomenting such if the Eastern province remains as one unit, such
un rest. ln COntraSt,
unrest will be minimised and, in particular, the Tamil and Muslim populations will unite, not against the Sinhalese of the Eastern province, but against excessive Colonisation from outside the province.
The most disturbing aspect of the
unrestricted
issues. Thus there will be
problem is the s the Eastern pro Tannis and Mussi instance, the
demographic fe province militate Such a divisiot permanent as na feasible self-go over, it will
immigration intc unit, quickly and ing the demogr the province as Eastern provinc surely will be wh are found to
disjointed to be the new Eastern different to the
composition - absolute Sinhé demographic tré
BY S.
years of agitatio,
leaders has effe will be quickly ed unrestricted co provinces, albei the province on Muslims of th nothing could the long run. Th ing of commun Tamil militancy the province a national unity. U the losers.
Moreover, an cias boundaries ! the interests of the population control of one will therefore l provincial bou Under provin Sinhalese, Tam have vested int the minorities i
5,8.
The Australian visas to 5,832 during the three
The Minister Affairs Mr. Hurf by a member of Mr. Jul, in Sep breakdown of t given visas t purposes. Duri 4,457 Sri Lanka for family mig four for busi independent re eligibility and grounds.
In reply to a q these immigrat

TAMILTIMES5
ΟP AST
uggestion to break up Vince into Sinhalese, m sections. In the first geographical and atures of the Eastern against such division. is not likely to be Dne of the units vVill be verning units. Morepermit unrestricted ) at least the Sinhalese effectively transformaphic composition of a whole. When the e is reunified, as it en the broken up units be too small and affectively governable, ' province will be very present one in ethnic perhaps with an alese majority. The ansformation which 40
JEEVARAJ
n by Tamil and Muslim actively slowed down, fected in a few years of 'onisation from other t of certain sections of ly. For the Tamils and le Eastern province, be more disastrous in e inevitable heightenall friction will rekindle and harm everyone in nd cause damage to 'ltimately, vive vivillall be
V tampering of provinwill inevitably threaten significant sections of
transferred from the province to another. It pe vivise to leave the daries as they are. cial autonomy, the
ኣቃ§``
ils and Muslims will
erests in treating well the regions in which
they are a majority - for others of their community will be vulnerable minorities elsewhere. Any attempt to achieve ethnic segregation will not only be un workable, but will also have the most undesirable consequences for all.
Granting provincial autonomy need not rule out colonisation from the other provinces completely. For example, the centre should be able to negotiate with the Eastern province government for some small numbers of Sinhalese, Indian Tamils, Ceylon Tamils and Muslims from other regions to be settled there, in such a manner that the development of the province is promoted without damage to communal harmony and without harming the welfare of those already living in the province.
There are both short term and long term reasons for accepting the existing Northern and Eastern provincial boundaries rather than attempting to redraw them to cover disjointed pockets of land. In the short run, any redrawing of boundaries on an ethnic basis will inevitably generate intense tensions which may prevent or sabotage any agreement. In the long run, it is desirable that the 'Tamil' provinces (or regions) should not stand out as distinct from the others in such a manner as to draw their antagonism. In India, while state boundaries have been drawn broadly on a linguistic basis, each state is a contiguous region and does not include pockets of villages enclosed within other states. Such pockets, if detached from the surrounding region will not only be administratively difficult to govern, but will invite the resentment and hostility of the surrounding region, enhancing rather than overcoming the problems of the people residing in such pockets. Furthermore, if existing provincial boundaries are retained, the line up in future negotiations on devolution will not be Sinhalese versus Tamil, but the centre versus the 9 provinces. The latter will be more conducive to further devolution from the centre to the provinces.
32 Lankans Get Australian Visas
government has given Sri Lankans world wide year period 1983 to 1986. of Immigration and Ethnic ord replying to a question the Australian Parliament, tember this year gave the he figures of Sri Lankans D Australia for various ng the period in question ns had been issued visas ation, 601 skilled abour, hess purposes, asons, nine for special
750 on humanitarian
uestion as to how many of its could be classified as
six for .
belonging to the Tamil society, Sinhalese society and other sections of the Sri Lanka society, the Minister further stated that in line with the Australian government's non-discriminatory immigration policy no record is kept of ethnic, racial or religious backgrounds of persons applying for migration to Australia. ܫ
He also noted that in Colombo at the end of June 1986 (the most recent figures available) 368 applications accepted as prima facie eligible were awaiting formal assessment. A further 356 cases formally assessed were awaiting a final decision. Most of the latter group were awaiting finalisation of health and character checks, the Minister added.
t
liniai

Page 6
6 AML TIMES
3 TAMIL STUDENTS KL
NFIRE-BOMBATTAC
Police outside the burned out East Ham house where three Tamil men died in a
14 November.
THREE Sri Lankan Tamil students were killed in a fire-bomb attack on a
London. The attack took place at 3.30 a.m. on 14 November as they v upstairs of a house in Burgess Road. The fire-bomb started a fire and thi
to death.
The dead were named as K. Karunaharan Arithimoorthy, aged 23, a's 'science, his brother Gnanaharan, aged 25, an accountancy student at th Economics, and Nirmalan Selvanayagam aged 22 also an accountancy st it is learnt that a private feud was the cause of the attack and the dea
parties to this feud.
Five persons, all Sri Lankan Tamils, have now been charged with murd
s'DISAPPEARED REFUGEES
KILLED AS 'TERRORISTS'
31 October 1986 - Five of the refugees arrested by the security forces from the Kathira welly refugee camp and another from Ampanthanavely refugee camp in east Sri Lanka disappeared while in custody. Their names are: Sabapathy Mahendiran, Ramalingam Rudrakurmar, Kathirkamathamby Theivanayagam, Thambipillai Sivagnanasundaram: Kasinathan Kanthalingam and Sangaralingam. On 3 November the Sri Lankan TV announced that six terrorists have been shot dead, giving the names of these refugees,
Shell Kills Pregnant Woman
12 October 1986 - An 18 year old pregnant woman, Mrs. Selvanayakam, received a
direct hit and died when gunboats belonging to the Sri Lankan navy sailing off the Coast of Point Pedro in the northern Jaffna district fired shells from the sea,
PROTEST
Government employe Secretariat and other r staged a two hour sti protesting against the mortar shells from the in the Jaffna Fort, They
the army camp should
Jaffna town. Over thre participated in the prote
Hindu T
Bonn
The area surround Murikandy Pillaiyar Ten metres south of Jaffna i was subjected to a afternoon (31-10-86). S the vicinity including t, Temple Priest were bui ground. Several vehicl the temple were dam attack.
 
 
 

NOVEMBER 1986
fire-bomb attack on
house in East Ham, vere sleeping in the 2 victims were burnt
tudent of computer he London School of udent at the LSE.
d students were not
er.
STRIKE es of - the i Jaffna earby departments ike on 15 October
frequent firing of army camp situated also demanded that be moved from the e hundred officers staction.
emple bed
ng the famous ple situated 50 kilonorthern Sri Lanka evere air-raid last hops and houses in he residence of the nt and razed to the as parked opposite aged in the aerial
13 Tamils in BOat Hacked to Death
16 October 1986 - Thirteen Tamil civilians travelling on a boat to India were waylaid by
; naval personnel and stabbed and hacked to
death. This incident occurred near Kurikattuvan off the Jaffna coast in northern Sri Lanka. Those who fell victims to this gruesome massacre had set out from Gurunagar in Jaffna during the evening of 15 October with the intention of going to India.
The naval personnel, it is reported, had forced the boat full of passengers to sail near the bridge at Kurikattuvan where the inmates were hacked and stabbed to death. The blood stained boat in which the victims travelled was seen drifting along the coast of Pungudutivu.
MILITARY TRAINING FOR *HOMEGUARDS^
Around 150 Home Guard Wardens and SubWardens from the operational areas in the North and East will be the first batch to receive special military-type training commencing November 4, senior police sources said.
Approximately .150 Horne Guard Wardens and Sub-Wardens vil receive training at the Home Guard Training Camp in Kumbukke, under military instructors.
It was decided to train senior Home Guard personnel because they could in turn train their sub-ordinates and also because senior Home Guard personnel have to familiarise themselves with military strategy if they are to impart functional competence to their sub-ordinates.
Arrangements are being made to set up
training camps for Home Guards in at least
five more administrative districts.
NA VYCAPTURES FLETELWGREFUGEES .
29 October 1986 - A boat-load of Tamils, 20 women and 18 men who were on a boat off the coast of Mannar in north-west Sri Lanka were captured by the Navy and taken to the army camp. On the same day another boat was captured by the navy with 32 Tamils, 24 men, 6 women and 2 infants, and all of them were also taken to the army camp. The Tamils concerned were all refugees attempting to cross over to India in an effort to escape the army violence in the Mannar district.
Commandos Take Hostages
During search operations conducted on 1 November 1986 in the villages of Vella vely, Munaithivu and Kokkaddicholi in east Sri Lanka, hundreds of civilians were arrested and were detained as hostages in the newly opened police commando camp at Kokkaddicholi. Such hostages are being used by the forces for shielding them from attacks by Tamil militants during search operations.
1500 TAMILS FLEE so
1 November 1986 - Following a landmine explosion at Palukamam in Batticaloa on 1 November 1986 in which three police commandos were killed, the village was attacked by bomber planes and 5 houses were destroyed and over 1,500 Tamils have fled from there to Munaithivu.

Page 7
NOVEMBĒR 1986
"A Place where We
"On Visiting a Refugee Ce
CHRISTMAS 1984: In keeping with the demands offilial piety, P.C. paid a visit to the home of his parents in Jaffna to spend the holidays together with his family. Although the fourth oldest son, he now bore the main responsibility for the support of his father and mother, as his brothers were all married and had families of their own. His younger brother was also married and until recently a successful businessman. Besides owning a small store, he was also in possession of a transport van. No small sign of material affluence in a poor country. Yet his wealth also proved to be the source of his downfall. One night the van was stolen by the “boys', i.e. members of the guerilla movement, and used for some special purpose. The next morning it was parked in front of the store again - with bullet holes in the body. The young merchant reported the incident to the police and promptly came under suspicion as a sympathiser and was arrested. Altogether he was arrested three times before he decided to secretly leave the country. From that day on, P.C. took over the responsibility for the welfare of the wife and three children of his brother as well. The duty towards one's family is deeply rooted among the Tamils in Sri Lanka.
Yet the unwritten moral law of piety also has its disadvantages. During the Christmas holidays, an armoured vehicle suddenly stopped in front of the family house. Soldiers rushed into the courtyard and demanded the younger Son. Upon hearing that he was not there, they took P.C. along instead. He was taken to a military base, interrogated, and tortured. Two weeks later his family was finally able to gain his release through bribery.
I have now heard and translated this story several times. P.C., who has been living in a refugee centre in Chur (Switzerland) for the past five months, has told it to school classes and in church communities. As my mother tongue is English and P.C. has just begun to learn German, I was asked to translate. Every time when he speaks about his past, new details emerge. Thus, I learned for instance, that P.C. had been a candidate for the priesthood, that he had studied at the Catholic Seminary in Kandy, which is in the Sinhalese part of the country, and that for this reason he had also known many Sinhalese as fellow students and counted them as friends. So it was at least, until the riots in 1977 spread distrust and open emnity between the two ethnic groups throughout the country. At that time thousands of Tamils sought refuge in
the northern part of the country. On a
different occasion, I learned that P.C. had worked for a time as a social worker in a Catholic refugee camp. He mentioned this during the interrogation, and it was the reason given when he was arrested several
months later for t being released aga together with his children, who had b fear of reprisals S husband. After a d journey they finally last year and trave. brother had alreac asylum.
One person's fat this a genuine refugee?
I never asked my is so often raised in there must be anot
we measure a hum
occasions which translator, I think something of the di a person who is future. The distres
Stranger in a strang
language and cu understand, but v clearly enough that as a rule, howev Sorrow - homesick) able to read in the spoke. Something translate, but nee
think that others w
have felt something seemed to know all ever having met one
by Jonat
Perhaps that wa wife and I were S. conflicting emotion led us through th Loestrasse, , showi room where stones been thrown throug assembly hall w celebration was pla doors of the dining the former School b poor and sad im correspondence wit again and again fro standard of living o kept at a minimum the attractiveness land of refuge. In th the asylum policy Seems to be a Succes
It was only after the attic that it bec refuge in a foreign c them. There bene the Tamils have bui a temple as the initiative and own pastel-coloured, sv two altars face one walls: The dancing crucifix above the

"fAMILTIMES7
Can FeelAt Home"
intre in Chuir (Switzerland) ** *
e second time. After n, he fled the country
sister-in-law and the
een living in continual nce the flight of her ifficult and exhausting
arrived in Switzerland .
led to Chur where - his ly entered a plea for
2 among thousands. Is or a non-genuine
self this question which the media, as I believe her standard by which an being. On the few served P.C. as a
I was able to sense asperation which grips uncertain of his own s which one feels as a e land — a land whose lture he does not which lets him know he is at best tolerated, r, deported. Fear – ness. That much I was eyes of P.C. while he
which I could not
ded no translation. I ho were present must
similar - people who
about refugees before
han Sisson
s the reason why my
o deeply troubled by s one day when P.C. he refugee centre in ng us the television
and beer bottles had h the windows, the old here the Christmas nned, and the locked room. At first sight, uilding makes a rather pression in apparent h the message we hear
m the authorities: The
f the refugees must be level in order to lower
of Switzerland as a
is one respect, at least,
of the government
S. 。
P.C. had led us up into ame clear to me what ountry really meant to th the roofing beams
it a small prayer room,
7 call it, at their own expense. In the red ectly scented room, another on opposite , Siva on one and a other. It is here that
W INDIA 'S PERMANENT representative to
they come when they wish to be alone. Mornings and evenings for a moment of quiet and prayer; each to his own god. I have seldom entered a room which So plainly and simply testifies to such a deeply felt popular belief. We did not stay long. The room is not heated and the children (ours) were restless. As we went down the stairs, I thought of the aversion which Tamil refugees meet in this country and which contrasts so crassly with the tolerance for those of a different faith practised in that little room.
Later when I met P.C. in the centre on another occasion, I told him my impressions of the visit that day, how the room under the beams in the midst of such gloomy Surroundings seemed to Shine like a precious jewel and of the feeling of mutual respect pervading therein. He looked at me for a long moment and then said softly, It's a place where we can feel
at home.'
Krishnan Appointed Rajiv's Special envoy
the United Nations, N. Krishnan, who retired last week from the Foreign Service, is being appointed special envoy of the Prime Minister on Southern Africa. . . . . V
Official sources said Mr. Krishnan will be in charge of the Africa Fund set up at the Harare Non-Aligned Summit to assist the Southern African Frontline. States affected by trade and economic blockade imposed by the racist Pretoria regime. India is Chairman of the fund.
mental
Third World Academy
Of Sciences Prize For E. C.G. Sudarshan
Prof. E. C. G. Sudarshan, Director of the institute of Mathematical Sciences, Madras, has been awarded the 1985 physics prize by
the Third. World Academy of Sciences,
which has its headquarters in the : International Centre for Theoretical Physics
inTrieste, Italy. :
This is in recognition Of Prof. Sudarshan's funda
contribu- : tion to the understanding of the weak nuclear force and particularly for his part in the formulation of the "universa - . A theory". . . . . . .
童望

Page 8
8 TAMILTIMES
“'r AMNESTY INTE REBUTS SRI LANK
Amnesty International published in September 1986 a c hundreds of cases of enforced disappearances, including taken into custody by the Sri Lankan security forct Athulathmudali, summarily dismissed allegations in the "have not found any evidence to support those allegations' Rebutting the denials of the government and pointing out other cases of 'disappearances' since the publication of the Al, Mr. Ian Martin, has challenged the Sri Lankan gov on Enforced or involuntary Disappearances to carry out inv
The Hon Lalith Athu llathmu dali Minister of National Security, Ministry of Defence, Republic Building Colombo 1, Sri Lanka
14 October 1986
Dear Minister
In interviews with the national and foreign press following the publication, on 10 September, 1986, of the Amnesty International Report 'Disappearances' in Sri Lanka, you have expressed regret that the report did not cover all aspects of the problem of 'disappearances' in the country as it failed to take account of information the government had provided to the United Nations Working Group on Disappearances; you also suggested that Amnesty International should forward complaints regarding individual cases to the Inspector General of Police. Subsequently the Chairman of the Media Centre, Department of Information, said that Amnesty International should initiate legal action in the Sri Lankan courts about 'disappearances'.
will respond to these suggestions below but first I would like to express Amnesty International's grave concern about the sorrow and anguish which the families of the 'disappeared' continue to experience because the fate of their missing relatives, or their whereabouts, remain, to date, uncertain. One month after the publication of the report listing data on 272 cases of 'disappearances' - most of which had already been drawn to the government's attention on previous occasions - none of these cases have been clarified by the Sri Lanka Government (although Amnesty International was glad to receive confirmation from other sources that two of them, Sittu Nagalingam and Karunakaran Subramaniam, alias Vadivel, are now held in Welikada Prison). You may recall that, since August 1985, Amnesty International had repeatedly asked to receive such information. Nor has an independent impartial investigation been established into the grave allegations that in all these cases there are strong reasons to believe that members of the
Sri Lanka security forces have taken these persons away,
subsequently to deny any knowledge of their arrest and whereabouts. This is especially disturbing since, after the publication of the Amnesty International Report, over 30 more cases of 'disappearances' have been reported to Amnesty International, details of which will shortly be conveying to your office.
Allow me now, Your Excellency, to address the main issues which have arisen in public comments made by government officials. You may recall have already sent a commentary on some of the points initially raised by you in radio interviews of 10 September, 1986. In view of queries our organisation continues to receive about the various government statements made in respect of 'disappearances' in Sri Lanka, and in order to clarify Amnesty International's position thereon. Amnesty International pians to make the information in this letter publicly available on 23 October, 1986.
ty
1. The evidence of 'disappearances' presented in the
report
Amnesty International is greatly disappointed that, despite the detailed eye-witness testimony offered in its report, some of which has also been relied upon by the Sri Lankan courts, the government has dismissed some particularly well documented reports of 'disappearances' out of hand. For example, in a radio interview with the British Broadcasting Corporation of 10 September, you

NOVEMBER 1986
RNATIONAL AS DENALS
omprehensive (90 pages) Report containing several cases of torture and deaths in detention, of persons s. The Minister of National Security, Mr. Lalith Report suggesting that the Sri Lankan government
that AI had received further evidence of more than 30 its September 1986 report, the Secretary General of rnment to invite the United Nations Working Group estigations into the allegations.
were asked about the 'disappearances' on 17 May, 1985 of some 4u. foung men, most of them from Naipattimunai in the Eastern Province, alleged to have been taken away by Special Task Force personnel, ordered to dig their own graves, shot, their bodies subsequently being disposed of in Secret. In response, you stated hat the allegations were "uttery false' and suggested that the place where the men were allegedly killed was searched and nothing was ound.
These observations, Amnesty International believes, contradict he evidence put on record and accepted by the High Court judge rying Paul Nalanayagam, the President of the Kalmunai Citizens committee, who was recently acquitted of charges of making false statements and spreading rumours brought after he spoke to the
same forward to testify about the arrest of the 'disappeared' by Special Task Force personnel - without their statements being hallenged by the prosecution. Evidence was put on record that a bolice party and some of the parents had found an unidentified body and the shirt and identity card bearing the name of one of the “disappeared”, Thambimuthu Packiarajah (case no. 213 in the Amnesty International Report), at the place where the alleged secret cillings took place. Amnesty International is concerned that the government appears to have disregarded the serious reservations which the High Court judge trying Paul Nallanayagam expressed about the case as put by the state counsel. The judge said he doubted hat the state counsel could be believed when denying that the Special Task Force had made any arrests in the area on that day.
Amnesty international respectfully recommends that the government now order a review of the substantial evidence put on ecord during the trial of Paul Nallanayagam about the occurrence of 'disappearances' in the Eastern Province, the area from which most 'disappearances' are now reported. Available information should be put before a fully independent body to impartially investigate hese and other reports of 'disappearances' described in Amnesty nternational's Report. I would like, respectfully, to reiterate that Amnesty International believes it is important that such a body be liven effective powers to enforce the attendance and co-operation f witnesses, together with the means to protect them and to make n-site investigations. In accordance with Sri Lanka's obligations I nder relevant United Nations resolutions, the government should, Amnesty International respectfully recommends, ensure the legal coountability of security authorities responsible for human rights buses causing people to "disappear".
!. The suggestion that Amnesty International file
complaints in the local courts and with the Inspector General of Police
In a statement of 29 September, the Chairman of the Media Centre |uestioned the validity of the source material relied upon in the mnesty International report, notably the value of sworn statements y relatives and others testifying to 'disappearances'. He uggested that Amnesty International should bring such cases to the ourts in Sri Lanka, so that witnesses could be subjected to Crossxamination by counsel for the government.
As described above, during the trial of Paul Nallanayagam, several fitnesses came forward to testify to the arrest of persons whose disappearance' was also described in the Amnesty International eport. Amnesty International believes it is significant that on no ccasion did the counsel for the state take the opportunity to crossxamine these witnesses on the evidence they had given about the rrest of the 'disappeared' and thus make an attempt to question he validity of the statements they had made that they had seen

Page 9
NOWEMBER 1986
"disappeared" persons being taken away by the Special Task Force. A Timesty International helieves that Sworn Cvidence by gygLaaaaL0LLLLLLL LLL C LLLLCLCLLL aLa LLLGGLLaLLL LaLLLHL LL LLLLLLLL LLLLLL "disappearances" in Sri Lanka, apart from the other sources Amnesty International has relied upon in order to cross-check the detailËd information presentad ir its repart about thĘ 27? :F5F5 of "disappearances".
While welcoming the statement by the Chairman of the Media Centre that the safety of witnesses filing petitions in the Sri Lankan Courts will be guaranteed, Amnesty International believes that the Tain reason why relatives have not felt able to approach the Sri Lankan courts is the widespread fear of repercussions they have expressed if they were to make statements in court implicating LLLLLLLaL LL LT CLaLLLLLLLS LLLLCC0 LLaL LLLLLaLLL LLL LLaaaaaaa LHHLLL Subsequently "disappeared", Nearly all relatives or other witnesses LtLa kLLaaLCLaLLLLL LLLLLLLCCLCCS LLLLLCLLLLLLL HLL LLLLL LLaLLL LaaLaLaL Working Group an Enforced or Inyoluntary Disappearances haya expressed fears of repercussions if their identities were disclosed and Amnesty International indeed believes they would face the risk of being arrested, tortured or themselves being made to "disappear".
LCLL LLLCC CLLmCHCLS LLLLLL aLaLLLLL LL LC aCCCLL LLLCLLL HH 0 aCLCCCCLLLLLSS 1985 by One of the relatives of the fifty-three persons whose "disappearance" from the willage of Cheddik Lula T con 2 DECE TEEr, 1984 is described in the Amrasty International Report:
SLCT 0aLaLTL MCCCCaMLL LL LTT LLLGGHGGGGGL DLHLHHaCtLLLL TtMTTaaL aCGG HHHL CCCCLCuaLaLL HCk rOLEEaaLLL LaL LLLLLS LLLLT LLCaL LLG HLL LLkLL LLLCaa LGLGL LLLLLL HLHLLGGGGSSLL LLHH aLaaaLTLS L aa L LCCG GMCCCMt HCOLOLL0H LaL LLLLL LHa LLGGlLLLLSLL tLtLLL HLL LLLLLL CGGGLaatLLL LLL aLGGaCLa LL LLLC LCLLCLC LLLLLL LLLLtCTHLL LLTMTS LaaL HLCLL LGGGGGLL HLaLaL OLHaaHL LC TGGTL aLTTaCCCL kHkH LCC CCLtLL tLt HLaLa EEaaaa LLLLLLLL LkLCLL LCSLaLCLC LLCLLL LLGLLL LLLL LLLLLL GG LLLH LHGGG GGG
a Truck Cori) Ž. 72. 7984 fra T1 Cheddikjari37, ** Furtherrihçre, İrı your Statement of 10: Sopternber, you suggesteci that Amnesty International complair to the Inspector General of Police. Amnesty International wrote on 18 SepternbGr to the Inspector General of Police submitting available data about "disappearances" detailed in its report, as you suggested, and is still awaiting the Inspector General's reply. Arresty International is LLGLCCS LaGLLaLCCS S aLaLL LLL CCCCLLLL LLLLCCCL L LaLLC LaLttLa LaLS Overal responsibility for the Conduct of the Army, Air Forca and Special Task Force, which are most often alleged to be responsible for "disappearam Ces" ir Sri Lank H. His powers to in westigate a Igged CoffeñCes är c:d institute appropriate crimira|| proceeding5 any becorn.E. Effective orice aleged offendars have been identified, However, in Armfesty International's experience with the few cases LL SLLLLCCCCCCCCHLaLLLLSSS LLLLC Laa LrLLLLHLLLLLLL LLL LLGLHaHCCuL LLa investigations were carrit: ut by the police or army, the autcome of such irivestigations was invariably not publishad. Meither did such investigations by the police or arrty into alleged abuses by their own LaaaaLLL LLLL LLLL C LLLLLL LLLLLLLLmmLtmLLLH L SLLtttLLHCtaLtLHLCAAS LLLL L the identification of the individuals allegedly responsible.
Further rigore, for Warious reasons as described in Section E if its Report, Amnesty International does not believe that existing legal reme digs, such as filing habeas corpus petitions in the Sri Lankar . LaLLLCLS LCC CC LCLLL CHCt CLaL LLLL LLLL LSL LLLLL LLLCCLGLL LLL LLLLt "disappeared" in Sri Lanka and provide prompt relief to the wictims armid thibeiro farTnilies, ^, mi mesty Inter mationa | Fhas confirrteuild that thea Chairman of the Bar Curicil's Sub-Committee om the rights of aLaCCLLL LL LLL LLLLmaLaLLLLL LLLL LLLaLaL aa LaLaLtLLa LL CLLLLLGGLLLL LLLLLL Connected matters has found, in his Interirt Report, that a "habeas COrpLus applicatiri di jęsi i tot 5 Erwe expEditiously in obtaining of relief where the police have exceeded the 24 hour rule of detention of a person Without a charge". In fact, the Interist Report suggests that 0sLLLT 0L LL LLL TLLLLLLL LL LLLLLta LLLLLaLLLLLLLaa LLLL SaLLLLL LLLLLL suitably attended to empower a judge of the High Court or a magistrate to imir Thadiately inquire into any complaint regarding the Custody and or death of any suspect ...". The Interist Report was accepted by the Bar Council in a meeting of 26 April, 1986.
The failure of existing legal procedures to give relief to relatives 0LaLLLLLLLaaO LLTL LLLL SLLLLCCCCCCCLLSSS LLL00L LLLLLLL LLaL Laa sLCLa LCL0CLLLLCL LL LLL LLHHLLtLC LaaLLaLLmmLLLaLLLL LLLLHlLLLS LLL LL L LLLLLL SLFP member, Ananda Sunil (case 10, 2 in the report), in which a habeas corpus petition was brought and hearings complated. An appeal is currently being heard. These proceedings failed to clarify LaLLLaCCCLLL LkL LCtLLLLtL CCLL LLLLLLa LLLLLL CLGaLLL LLaaL aL tLL been arrested by the police on 2 July, 1983. In fact, the magistrate fO und théré was Evidence that witnesses Originally tL stifying they had seen him being taken away by the Kotahtna police had been LLLLaaCLLLL aL LLLLLaLC HHLLLLL LLH HLHHOLL aaLLLHH LLLLLLL LLaL L0aLLLL E'IEE.

TAMIL TIMES 9
Irishler rational hurian rights law, the Sri Lanka Government has a responsibility, emphasised by the UN General Assertibly in LCLCLCaLaLH 00S000 LL LLLCLLLLLLL S 0LLLS H Ha LLLLL LHHLLLLLC LLLLa gffective steps to clarify the whereabouts of the 'disappeared". A Timesty International, threef rei, respectfully LurgĘ5, the government to establish a fully independent and impartial LLaLaCLCC aL GLLmmLaCL CLLLL CLLLLL SKLLHlCaLC LLaLLLLSS LLL LLLL L LLL TBI ti'. S for "Wyiti
3. The suggestion that the Amnesty International Report
did not cover all aspects of "disappearances"
You have also stated that Amnesty International failed in its Report LL LSllL aLLLLLLLaL LLL LLLLtLLHLLLLH LLL a LLLLLLLgL LLLLLLLHtLaL LtLtmtL Pr Lwird Erdt the JNWorking Group on DisappLarances.
L aLLL LaLLa LaL La L S CLCCLCLLLCLL LLL00S SLLLLLLLLS LLLLLLGLLLCCL Cxplained that it could not include any such information in its Report CLaaL0L LLLLLLtLLLLaLmmLaLLL LLLLLL LLLLLLG LLLCLCLL LLL LLLLCCuLLLCLLaLCHu by the Sri Lanka Government, and information governments supply LGL LL aLLL LLaaaLL LLLLLL aaLa aaaLLa LLLLLL C LLLLCLCLLHLLCL CLLLaaLLL LL LLLLLLaCCaLS a LLLLLLLLLLC LHHLLLLLLL LLLLLtLtLLLLLaL LLLLLaaatmLLL LaaaaLL aL refer to information the Sri Lanka Government supplied to the UN Working Group with a standate to investigate cases of SLCCCCCCCLLS CLLLCCL0CS S LLLLL LLaaLLLL SLaLLLLtLlLLLLLS repeated requests made in urgent messages of 11, 18 and 25 CCLaaLLLLLLLSS 0K0L L CGaGLL GLLLLLLS CH LaLLLL LLtLLLaaLLLL LLLLLaL LaaL received from the government so far, I would greatly appreciate your LcSaaaaLLaL L GLLLLLLLa LLLLLLa LLLLLLLLtttLLmaG aLLtLLLLLLL LLL LLLLLLLaaaLE Internatitinal at Wour earliest com','emierice.
4. The in witation to investigate alleged violations of human
rights
AIT Testy International Welcomes the invitation extended by the aaLLKCHHHCCCL LaLLaaLaH LL LLL LLLCCCLLHLLCL LLL LaLLLLLLDLLaLH HLL 00 Septerriller inviting "anybody to investigate any mater in regard to terrorist or any other activity which refers to any violations of human rights", although Arlinesty International understands from the state Tent you made earlier in the interview with the BBC that such an invitation may riot be extended to Artinesty International,
LSuu LCGGG LLLLLaLLLLLLLS LL LLLLLttaaLLL LaLaaLLLL LLLLL LLaaaLLLLL LL LLL LLLLL LCLLLL LLL those whose "disappearances" are described in the Amnesty Interrational Report, should be speedily informed of the whereabouts or fate of their missing relatives. The United Nations General ASSerTibly ha 5 ex pre55ed i t5 deep Concerri about the KaCCL CLL LaLLGLaLLC CKCaCLaaLLLL LLL LLLLLLL LL LLLLSLLLLCCCCCLLCCLLS in the face of persistent failure by the authorities to acknowledge the "disappeared" are in their custody or otherwise to account for ther th: the international community has repeatedly emphasised that families have a right ta k now the fa te of their relativos,
To that effect, Tay I respectfully request that, parding the stablish lient, in Sri Lanka itself, of an independert and in partial ma Chinery to Carry out Such invästigation5, the government Considers in witing the L M Working Group on Erforced of Irwoluntary Dişçippe arances to Visit Sri Lanka, The Working Group has Been
tLLLLLLL LLOtS S S C LLL LLLLaLS LL LLLLLLLHHLLLLHHLLLLLLL S TL LCLLLLLLL0 LLLLLLL "disapp F Frances” hawe been reported. Such an irivitation would be an importarit rĽŠČIrisĖ3 to the desire expTF:55ed by the internatiorial kLLCLGLTLCGL Caaaa LLLLL aaLLL LaLLaL LLaLL aaLLaLLLLLCLLL LLL GSauHS operate with the UN Group and could, moreover, substantially LLLLaCCC LLL aaCLCLLL LL LL LLCLLLLL LLLLHaSLLLL aLELS LLacaL LLLLLaLLLLLLL wair for their relatives who have "disappeared".
Minister, I apologise for writing to you at such length. I thought, hic Weyer, that the issues which have begri raised in racent weeks in Connection With " (disappeah rahmaters'' in Sri Lanka required a Substantial response. I hope you will find the suggestions Thade by Amnesty International Era Eue a positive contribution towards ho ongoing debate in Sri Lanka about how hurtar rights can be effectively protected, of which the recent government statements aLLLLLL LLLLCG LLLLGLLLLCCLCS CLLmHmHaaLL aLLLLLLLLtttLLLLLLaL LCLLLL LaCLlL LLLLLLaL LLLLL this debate Continues gyar) in thg difficul circLIT15tances prew'ailing ir Sri Lanki itpresent.
Yours respectfully and since rely
| Miti Secretary Garra

Page 10
. OFAMILTIMES
FOUR KILLED AND 32 INJU
IN SHELL-FIRE
29 October 1986- One of the many shells fired towards the Jaffna Gener main entrance to the Hospital last noon killing 4 civilians and seriously ir Policemen and Hospital employees. . ۰ ی
it was a strange coincidence that Army shells fell at the entrance of the meeting considering the measures and steps for the prevention of conti on the same institution was in progress.
Providentially, the missile deviated from its track by striking against t thus a major catastrophe was avoided as otherwise it would have hit thi adjacent Women's Ward resulting in heavy casualties. Moreover, had t minutes earlier, it would have taken a heavy toll of lives as friends and re entrance in large numbers for the bell.
. Jaffna's Grand-Bazaar was a hive of activity at the time with crowds of "I anticipation of the Hindu Festival on 1st November.
19-year old T. Jegatheeswaran, an Engineering Student, whilst entering motor cycle to see his ailing uncle was killed on the spot. Three others were also killed in the explosion. -
A Police Sergeant and 2 Constables on their way to the Jaffna Police St
injured. Several of the injured had come to visit patients in the hospital.
ARMY ONKILLING SPREE
11 November 1986 - Twenty Tamils who had taken refuge in-house at Pullunudai were dragged out by the security forces, lined-up and shot dead. The two women among them were initially separated, taken away and raped and later found shot dead. Among the dead vivere members of 3 families and included 5 Women and 70 children. 25 more Tamil civilians taken away at the same time by the security forces have gone missing . It is believed they too have been killed.
a hostel
BoMBING RESUMES
11 November 1986 - Many towns and villages in Vadamarachchi, Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka were bombed from attack aircraft and strafed from helicopter gunships. Six civilians were killed and 42 were injured. The injured were taken to the Jaffna General Hospital.
Wards numbers 1 and 2 and the canteen at the Manthikai Hospital were severely damaged as a result of the bombing.
Citizens Committee Calls For End To Bombing
lin a memorandum addressed to President |
Jayawardene, the Batticaloa-Amparai Citizens Committee has said that civilian areas in the Batticaloa district have been subjected to aerial bombing and that innocent civilians have lost their homes and become refugees. The Committee has appealed to stop bombing of civilian areas,
AERIALATTACKIN BATTICALOA
Periya-Porativu in the Batticaloa District in eastern Sri Lanka was subjected to a severe aerial attack last morning (2-11-86) - bombing and mortar shell firing - by planes and helicopters. 20 houses were damaged and several civilians are feared killed in the attack. More than a thousand have been rendered homeless.
At the same time, about 60 Tamil employees in Sea Street, Colombo who returned to their native Periya-Porativu to attend a religious festival were arrested on arrival and have been detained as hostages in the temporary Army Camps in Kokaddicholai and Paduvvankarai vivhich areas are to be cordoned off and searched shortly by the Forces.
WARSITY STUDEN
3. No verber 1986 - undergraduate from Jaffna in northern Sri La by a group of arme belonging to a Tamilmi time of his kidnapping,
of the Uni Chancellor of the Uni Mothers Front and Citiz several other organisati for the victim's releast University will underta November appealing for
Army Uses Shiel
15 November 1986 - Th nearly 200 Tamil civilian a "Human Shield' in the operation in Dharm Kilinochchi area in north Nadarajah Mahendran v shot dead by the army, taken into custody in the It may be recalled thi district too, the security y "human shields' in thei
' operations.
Refugee Bc
6 November 1986 - 17 have been found was Thalainmannar coast in ni On 7 November the reported them to be refugees who were dr boat capsized while re. But the previous report v 3 women were intercep Vankalai. However it
, according to a survivorn
hospital, a boat carrying fleeing to India as re by the navy.
Telephone Exch
28 October 1986 - A gr arrived at the Te 'Exchange in Trincomale tied up the security gu duty and placed explos them resulting in a which severely damage cation exchange.

RED
| Hospital fell at the juring 32, including
hospital just when a nued firing of shells
lephone wires and Main Office or the he shells been fired atives waited at the
)eevali' shoppers in
the Hospital on his on similar missions
ation were severely
TKIDNAPPED
Vaseetharan, - an the University of nka was kidnapped d men reportedly
litant group. At the
Waseetharan was in versity. The Vice versity, the Jaffna ens Committee and ons have appealed 2. Students of the ke a fast from 18 his release.
"Human d
earmy rounded up s and used them as course of a search lapuram in the, hern Sri Lanka. One vho ran in fear wvas Six persons were operation. at in the Batticaloa forces have used search and arrest
at Sunk
" bodies Of Tamils ned ashore at the orth vivest Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan media
bodies of Tamil Dwned when their urning from India.
vas that 22 men and
ted by the navy off
is reported that ow being treated in a group of people 'ugees were sunk
ange Blasted
pup of armed men lecommunications in north Sri Lanka, ards who were on ves and detonated nassive explosion
the telecommuni
NOWEMBER 1986
The Late ך
DR. K. ARUMUGAM
it is with deep regret the Sri Lankan community in Britain and the world over learnt of the passing away so suddenly of Dr. K. Arumugam, renowned academic and 'friend, philosopher and guide" to successive generations of students.
His name was synonymous with the City University to most Sri Lankans. He was a father figure and mentor to young people and a willing adviser to their anxious parents. In his dealings with the humblest person in society as with professional and political leaders with whom he conferred on many important questions, he maintained a sense of humour and affability. A man with the courage of his convictions, his premature departure will be mourned by generations of his students, both in Peradeniya and in London. Many of them today lead the struggle against injustice and intolerance both in the north and in the south of Sri Lanka.
His clarity of thought and precise expression have often accelerated and smoothed decision-making in the many organisations he helped to create and others in which he actively participated in the defence and welfare of his people, He was a man without prejudice or rancour who risked his own health for the benefit of his community and country. Those of us who worked closely with him will not only miss him as a friend but also a source of strength and wisdom for the accomplishment of the difficult tasks that confront us in our fight for justice and equality.
Aru, our dear friend, all of us will miss you immensely. So will your devoted wife and daughter, to whom we extend our profound sympathy and support.
Saudi Arabia 30th October 1986
Dr. R. Sri-Pathnanathan
Two Deported Youths Remanded
TWO TAMIL YOUTHS who were deported from Australia and France were remanded to fiscal custody on Tuesday by Fort Magistrate, Ouintus Perera pending investigation by the CID as to their bona fides.
Court was informed by the CID that suspect T. Wesley Dominique was deported from Australia and suspect Kandiah Pareendran from France. They were arrested on arrival at the Katunayake Airport,
CID moved that the suspects be remanded pending reports on them from police in Vavuniya, Jaffna and sWannar.
The Magistrate allowed the application, and remanded the suspects to fiscal custody till October 28.
(Fronn the island, 24.11.86)
三エ三ー圭三手三三ー手三手エ手エ手

Page 11
NOVEMBER 1986
D r K A R
The beaming smile visible miles away is no more. The benevolent face that greeted friends, kinsmen and i strangers alike with equal warmth is no more,
The ringing voice that exuded enthusiasm and genuine interest and which was alwaysfull of good advice
is no more. - Aru was a man who saw only goodness or the potential for it in everyone whom he came across. This lack of malice and the lack of any internal conflicts resulted in the glow he radiated.
All that is gone now. Alight has indeed gone out of our lives.
Born in Thirunelveli village, in the now strife-torn Jaffna peninsula of Sri Lanka, of none too prosperous parents, Aru, by the full exercise and application of the intellectual power he was endowed with, rose to stride the academic institutions the world over. Sri Lanka's loss became the City University's and the world's gain.
His research studies into water resources, especially the impact of large scale irrigation projects, took him all over the world. The friends and acquaintances he gathered along the way remain loyal and affectionate towards him. Many students from different countries remain thankful to him for his guidance in
their post-graduate work.
Having studied, in many countries of the world, the total impact of all the prestigious large scale dam and irrigation projects, which are always dear to the hearts of the politicians, Aru was to a certain extent disenchanted by the diminishing agricultural returns and gradual environmental and social disasters that eventually followed in the Wake of such projects.
He became an ardent supporter of low technology projects for the developing countries, in Sri Lanka too, he had travelled to almost every nook and corner.
His contact with all the various social groups in that island and his contact with the different communities around the world, confirmed him in his conviction - a conviction that had always been present since his student days - that he should play whatever part he could, irrespective of however small or big it turns out to be, to facilitate the development of an appropriate socio-economic order for the human society all over the world.
His dedication was only to such a system of political and socioeconomic structure that would benefit the humble peasant and the ordinary man as much as the intellectually endowed and the financially strong,
接
Undoubtedly it is hard on the immediate family, other relatives and friends YOU have left behind; but it must be of satisfaction to you, ARU, that your last task was one in the service of your community and your last moments were within the hallowed walls of a temple of learning.
You saw your service to humanity as part of your duty to your
BOOK REMEMW
TAMIL VALKKAI VARALARRU ILAK. KIYAM: by Dr. S. Sivakami The
personal knowledg of his work and t biographist on th materials as to wha the work did whe Others had said a
International Institute of Tamil វារ៉ា Studies, Taramani, Madras-600113. iographist himse, Rs. 35. much later.
The attempt oj
DR. S. SI VAKAMI has taken considerable pains to produce this well-documented and exhaustive work on Tamil Biography.
In the introductory portion, she clearly brings out the difference between history and biography on one hand and biography and autobiography on the other.
Even with regard to biography, the author points out the distinction between the one written by a person who had
Testament
biographical aspec dealir Prophets and in P. poets and bards valour, i heroic e generosity, literary and rulers, deserve is worthy of apprec As a natter O. portion of the boc list of what the a
 

ፕAእWIL TINNES ዝ ዝ
UMUGAM .
"
community and the service to your community as part of your duty to humanity. There was no conflict between the two. You brought together many members of our community and instilled into us the idea that developing the land is the first step in nurturing the nation.
in a relatively peaceful time in Sri Lanka, in the year 1974, you caused in UK the creation of an appropriate organisational structure, among the expatriate Sri Lankan Tamils, dedicated to developing the land - at a time when the need for voluntary organisations to undertake such a task was not evident to everyone.
In 1977, after a man-made disaster in Sri Lanka, you found yourself at the helm of an unruly vessel, buffetted by emotional tides and therefore listing and swaying in all directions. You guided it wisely, - - ܝ - ܓ ܝ ܝ ܥ
In parallel, you instilled enthusiasm and dedication into manya youngster of our community - an enthusiasm that made them and continues to make them endure many hardships.
You disliked exploitation of one man by another. Your ambition was to see our community on par with all other communities,
-free of all oppression
-free to be able to stretch its arms and legs, throw back its
head and sing and dance in joy
-free to develop and mature
nota master ofanyone, nora slave ofanyone.
On this errand you trundled the streets of Delhi in the scorching heat and endured the blowing sand of Deccan. You meekly hung around in the ante-rooms of men whose only credentials were that they had some political influence, to explain to them the distress of our community. .
You also walked the scented paths of supreme power and thankfully found sympathy at the highest levels.
Your dedication to the nationhood of our community;
-to the rehabilitation of the displaced; -to the welfare of the repatriates,
deceptively sent from the lush tea estates of Sri Lanka to languish in the barren regions of India where they are undergoing severe hardships; -to continuing research into the socio-economic
conditions affecting life; and
-to revolution in ideas - was boundless.
Your intention was not to be content with long distance advice from a faraway place but to live among the suffering young men and women of our community; to share their suffering and be in a better position to guide them.
Our community has been traumatically deprived of that privilege. The searing laceration will take ages to heal. You have achieved liberation of a sort. We salute you. Even from a non-physical state, you will continue to guide us.
R. Thaya Paran
3.
te of the subject-matter he other written by a le basis of recorded at the subject-matter of in he lived and what ind written about the vements, since the lf connes on the scene
the author to find ts or parts even in Old
g with Kings and
urananooru vvhere the had sung about the 'xploits, compassion, ptronage of chieftains as special mention and fation. f fact a considerable k gives an exhaustive uthor considers to be
biographical works in Tamil language.
One may feel that a more discriminating
approach could have been adopted in
preparing the list; yet the exhaustive list
containing any work approaching a
biography, or part of a biography, will be.
useful as a source material for further examination, investigation and research.
In whatever way one may look at the work, the book under review is a commendable one, showing a wealth of learning, untiring investigation, an exemplary desire to be as exhaustive as possible and an emulation-worthy enthusiasm, to do justice to the task undertaken and therefore the Author
deserves every congratulation and her
work is certain to be useful for the pursuit of further studies in the field of biography in Tani.
M.M.I.

Page 12
12 TAMILTIMES
SRI LANKA: A Review Of The D
THE HUMAN RI IN THE ETHN
'Is is too late for an attempt to evolve an inter-communalap language question and the related matters of education and it would be a pity if the Sri Lankan leadership wait for boml and for the Prisons to fill up again, before conceding that the re-assurance that they have a place in the future of the
Walter Schwarz in 'The Tamils of Sri Lanka' Minority C
London Report No. 25
How prophetic has been this statement made just 11 years ago? Sri Lanka is now seen and described as a paradise disturbed, almost lost, never to regain its former splendour.
This Seminar has its focus of attention on the human rights issues in situations of ethnic conflict; even so, it cannot preclude
(a) The nature of the ethnic or racial or
religious conflict;
(b) The goals and interests of the
parties;
(c) Human rights violations as causes
of confrontation,
(d) The strategies of the parties to the
conflict,
(e) The dynamics of the conflict itself; (f) The impact on the methods of
confrontation and of the means used in the conflict; (g) Nature and causes of foreign
involverment,
(h) Efforts at majorsettlement; and
(i) Human rights requirements to the
Content of a settlement.
In this context, any contribution on Sri Lanka will have to neccessarily deal with how the violation of human rights actually constitutes the core of the problem and how such violations have determined the attitudes and actions of the affected party, namely the Tamils, towards not only the
State but also towards the character of the
political solution itself.
Such a discussion calls for, at the outset, a statement on the current situation of the conflict.
While discussing the ethnic conflagrations in Sri Lanka it has become within the last 3 years, almost a convention, to refer to the 1983 riots as the most decisive and epochmaking event in the history of the ethnic struggle. With perhaps a heavy consciousness of the grim tragedies that took place in 1983, there has virtually been a lexical exhaustion to describe it - terms like "holocaust' and "pogrom' have very often been used.
1983, A LANDMARK
The post-1983 events showed that it was not so much of a holocaust or a deluge, More things were yet to come; it was a water-shed, a turning-point. Looking back bt the July 1983 riots in clinical historical terms, its significance lies in that it was the year in which the Tamils in Sri Lanka learnt
conclusively that they any area as their undue areas of residence exc been used to describin homelands'; they hac residences in other are: the 'traditional' areas 1983 therefore constit the history of the establishing the fact North and East that th could fall back. This wo plantation Tamils, for r even in mid and displaced and the s plantation area had to northern and eastern di The history of the from the Tamil point history of their attempt areas with politica Constitutional acceptan It would therefore delineate first, the curre how it fits into the log post-1983 period,
The current situation c thus:
At the political leve being conducted for through the good off understood that the an India to solve this probl most important motiv continuity and effe negotiations. It is gene that the Tami United L
open political force tha
the Tamils in Parliam proscribed Party, is no enough to pledge th settlement that has got at the mass level. It is r without the participati the militants, no impl agreement is possible.
As for the militants' si [Eelam National Liber was the umbrella orga major militant groups, and it is the L.T.T.E. Tamil Eelam) led by Pr the major force, wit Revolutionary Organisa (Eelam People's Revol Front coming next.
FORGING
At the military level, n have no relevance at negotiations for talks

evelopments Since July 1983
GHTS FACTOR IC CONFLICT
NOVEMBER 1986
proach to the employment? is to explode Tamils need a Island. '
roups Publication, fSeptember 1975.
cannot lay claim to stionably legitimate ept those they have as their 'traditional to abandon their is and seek refuge in in large numbers. utes a landmark in ethnic conflict in that it was to the e Sri Lankan Tamils uld even apply to the lot only in 1983, but ate seventies, the uperfluous in the seek shelter in the stricts. post-1983 phase is, of view, also the to hold on to those sanction, and C6,
be advisable to nt situation and see
jic of events of the
ould be summarised
l, negotiations are political situation ices of India. It is xiety on the part of em has become the ating factor in the ctiveness of the rally accepted now iberation Front, the t used to represent ent and is now a more representative 1e Tamils to any to be implemented ow made clear that on and sanction of ementation of any
tuation, the E.N.L.F. ation Front which nisation for all the s no more in force, iberation Tigers of abhakaran which is E.R.O.S. (Eelam tion) and E.P.R.L.F. utionary Liberation
OF TES
2gotiations seem to II. While talks and are going on, the
by Prof. K. Sivathamby (University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka)
Army attacks have been severe in the East, especially Trincomalee and Batticaloa, and air attacks all over the North and East have now become frequent phenomena. However, it is generally agreed that the militants have now grown into an important military force, so much so that, within the Jaffna Peninsula, they have been able to contain the Army without allowing it to move freely outside its barracks. Outside the Peninsula, the movements of the army have been restrained. There have been instances of open battles between the army and the militants in certain areas in North and East, An important feature of the current situation is that due to the activities of the armed forces, especially the attack on civilians and air attacks, there has been a forging of ties between the people at large and the militants, for it is the militants with their sentry-system and with return-attacks who save the people from military attacks. This is creating a new and interesting situation in the relationship between the militants and the people. With the war becoming a total one, affiliations of the people are no more in doubt,
Human rights violations continue to increase with large numbers of Tamil youths, especially from the eastern part, being sent to the Detention Camps in Sinhala areas. The number of disappearances of Tamil people after arrests is very high in the East. The problem of the violation of human rights is no more confined to the Tamils alone. Some Sinhala youth too have been arrested. There had been a spate of such arrests in recent times, a number of them allegedly suspected to be of marxist persuasion have been questioned and quite a number of activists have been detained. There is an uneasy silence about these arrests in the Sinhala areas. The State media do not refer to them.
In reviewing the current situation, the most important feature one has to highlight
is the character of the discussion on the
-nature of the settlement. It is said that the maximum the government could give is Provincial Councils only. The minimum Tamil demand is for a bringing together of all traditional Tamil-speaking regions of Sri Lanka, namely the North and East. It has already been expressed on the moderate Tamil side that the quantum of devolution should have relevance to the real needs of the Tamils, who have borne with a new found political fortitude all the losses of life and the disruption.
POSITION OF MUSLIMS
This, of course, has also led to the discussion on the constitutional position o Muslims in the country - whether they should have a separate terrain for them in the Amparai district or not. This also raises an equally-important question about the place of the Muslim in the Tamil-speaking areas, for there are, besides the southern

Page 13
NOWEMBER 1985
part of the Eastern Frowin CE, ather aras like Mannar where Muslims live in substantial numbers. As things stand September, October 1986 ther sets to bric chance of a major breakthrough, With the distinct possibility now of Sri Lanka becoming eligible to receive American assistance against "terrorism", things can only ሄሳኔ'& }ሸ፨[..ff1.
This situation has a risen out of the impact of the events that have taken place since 1983, tha date boy which the Tannils had to confine the Iselves politically to the northern and eastern parts of the country,
The 1980s r Tıark the Laegimnings cof an increäsing involver Thent of rThiilitant youth organisations in obtaining a political Solution to the polight of the Tar Tills, A5 had been shown earlier' the militants cartie into thg rrainstraar af political life due to the collapse of the parliamentary system, especially the collapse of faith in the electural system - first in 1981 there was LLLCCLLOSLLLLLLLL LLLLCCaLLLLL LL LC LLLLCLLL process in the Elections for the District Development Councils which the TULF had accepted as politically enough at that time,
| rn H:t, it has EEE claired that the 1983 riots were a reprisal to the killing of 13 soldiers in Jaffna by the militants' and understandably enough the state began combing-out operations in the north and east immediately after the 1983 riots, Looking bäck, it is now becoming increasingly clear that there was a two-fold attack by the government made in these a reas sa ) in relation to gutting rid of the rtilitants; and b) directed towards the roblem of the Sinhala settlers in the North and East,
GOVERNMENT'S EFFORTS
The following constitutes sorne of the important efforts undertaken by the state to gain full controlower the Tamillä reas: ( 7 y Třine er fire Sri Larikan "Tārami regian kepf u fider Corfiri Lepus sig fil-Çlir fEW, with intermit të rif day and night curre vs. LLELLaCGGGLGLL LLL LLLL L aHLLLLLLL LL LL LLCCLLLLS S T districts affected by these were Jaffna, Kiliriachichi, Martriar. Valvuriya, Mullaitivu, Tirconialec, Barticaloa arid the A.G.A.'s DivisiorsG &f Thiru kewis' and Akkar är at f. LEYLL LLLCLCLL LGGLLLLLLaL LLLLLL 000LYLSLCCCL 000S (2) Fu surveillance of Tarts in the ionTar?irl #ra35, espécially fin Coloribo and thg Lբ-քountry. (3) Declarartir of Security Zar E 5 Grid LLLLaaCuLLL LLLLLLaCCLSLLH 0S 0SEk0 SLtLMM KCLLe Kif irmochich i wera declara Security Żome district 5. People coll:not en fer Gr leave The LTLTCtGL LtLLaaL HGGGtatLHGTL CCC LLLGLaLCHCCCHHS Following Lovere sorte of třie regulations
Josed the Jaffa districf:- | H | Ban Corn all privat El Totor wehicles and even pada | cycles. The only public transport available was the bus service and that too on certain routes Orly. (b) Rationing of fuel, but fuel was not brought into the zone. (c) Legal ban on the flow and direction of traffic for n within the area, MC) wehicles could en ter the Jaffna town after 8.30 a.m.
CtTtLgLLCaLLLHGE YSaSaLLYELL LLLLLL taaaaLaLLLLL 000SL00L CLCLL LLLLLL CC C LLLL L0taaLLLLL LLLL HHHr LLaL LLLLLL taLL L LLOLLLS LLL LLL 00 LS LLLLLL 0000S LLLLLL Guardiam Dec: Tiber 1983 ind. In maro 1934. 0SS C LL LLaGGL LLLLLLLLS LcLLLLL LLHk LLLLLL LLLLLLL
provocatirinihan - au::e.
(4) The entire pro/ lftfaras Hreg Wirfisr! iridii is and 5 Mu // Ffiwr fó a MMär easter, for that i rrigárif that fishing pagiganoT jc ältriloffy imorpedia felly, Ther racassify Is Jit rFSclerc:F.
Because of the prohibited zone reg acute food and fuel: break, duw1 -- in thn C. agrarian sector significarnt is the di system where stair schools in the areas
In the non-peninsL and the East the following operation: (1) Driving the Тал !гät Ifiіопя! habїїагі Thaглалтагаura civiл
2. Massalvacuator in fh5 heàr klards of and Muaitivu, to : YıEra Tů Cyrir Lea, i Wayar and Kun 7 Julai disfr.f5; Wyer affect n. m1 bé3 r of 5LJ:1 rEefL
gf : : r) af 7.
"CORDON
ARRI
One of the rics und Ertük Er by the är
how is the 'Cordo which, it was told, W, to book the militant These operations led ar fasts if yra Luth 5 DE and 25; the operatio männer thät Luité Oft were also arrested. ya Luth Were sent t detention, and thus a Atdded to all theag oppression there was Stater Ent:5 ||Tāde
Taintaining populati the CULuntry at Or rigi the ethnic groups. militarisation of the were given basic rhill of home guards wer Հi r Eէtlէ: ,
A highly specialise was established in 1 the security oрғага province. This unit, C swerities of both the hä5 berh a Č: Luis Ed Cof the "disappearante de tenus.
Treas rol activities and there 3rd Tid-1985 tw0 g the character of the et In DScérTb8r 1984 Farris in til Mk attack o d by the mili "peasant settlers' lave. Therc tās ba character of theses that in August 1984 | were originally Tam over for the Pris rehabilitation of prisi brought rout that, oth rehabilitated, there For the Settlers. The firm

TAMIL TIMES 13
Jited Zone covered the a rrr of Orreras Ties seawards from iar alang the northve 5'53"7 CGGf. Tf7 5 Wyf ichi i WWE, 5 ffie! Thai i'r In this region, ceased was ever the legal f1 : Certific5!é (f
ecurity zone and the lätions, thor! :r)5ean hortage and virtually H health services. The o suffered, Equally ruption of the school he of the important ad to be closed. la regions of the North, lilitary under took the
її villagers frorп theјг r, 5 st T5. C "ho časť COG5ť.
of enrir Tarif wages a mi) areas of Vavuniya fläi ''El Siri) fäsa sa Terry, he villages of Kokilai, TILIrtai in the Mu'astivu :Id iri this i rianrigir. Thit geě5 excepděř 20 000
AND-SEARCH ESTS" t Oppressive actions Yn y and Corn tir muezzi e werth n-and-search arrests' as undertaken to bring Luths who are at large. to mass indiscriminate tween the ages of 17 was i drie in Such a Er rit HIF:s from 1A1 to 35 Most of these arrested Sirih H | areas for 'case the Boosa Campo. E Tiësur H5 Qf dir Elt ; during this tir The open by Ministers about in levels in all parts of r the mati Oral ratio of There was also the Siri hald Settler 5, who tary training and units - förr Thad in the bardET
Special Task Forca 384 to take charge of ls ir he Easter mbining within it the
army and the police, being responsible for
i" of many Tamil
ng continuity of these occurrerd in latg-1984 ents which changed
nic willence. the Dollar and Kent laitiwi District were
arts Hrd the Sihala re Worg ris t ār arqur Thént Over HE :lertents, for it is told hese two farms which | owned were taken 5 pārtrtent for T Crs. It Was als läter r tham prisøn Hrs to be Pere als C1 50 Time drylitants' position was
that these were places where trained Sinhala ex-convicts were being settled to elect the Tamil willagers of the area. This
was the hatt land of the Tra Thi | Warni.
The other major event was the incident at Anuradhapura. The Sri Lankan Ambassador LL S LLS LLSLL S 0LaSaLLLLLLLaLaa S LL S LLC Prevention of discrimination and protection of minorities, described the event thus:-
*“A more seriaus inciderar ook place orn Mag w Tafth wheer | Tarmi terrorists; ri5gi5edas Securify Forces enfred Sacrai iy If Arādāpurā, hallowed by Buddhists as the world OWE, arid opened fire a rado. 1 or crowds of Lur75uspecting civilians including a group) Jf pilgriferis engaged in religious worship, killing o yer a hundred puledUp We — merı. yw'r prif 1aernard chi i'r dren **
It was corthmon knowledge at that tir The that this was the response to the killing of about 7Ü Tär i civiliaris Ht Walwettiturai arrested after cordan and search är rests ård huddlec up in à srfall community Centre room and blasted,
GAME OF REPRIS ALS
From this time onwards, the game of reprisals has been taking a sewere toll. During the early part of 1985, hundreds of unarmed civilians were reported killed in retaliation for attacks on Security Force personnel of Sinhala civiliaris. "An estimated FE Talli civiliars were killed on 9.5.85 in Walwettiturai allegedly in retaliation for the killing of an Arthy Major. 48 passengers on a ferry boat from Delft were killed allegedly by Navy personnel or 15, 5,85 in retaliation for the killing of 146 Sinhala civilians including worther and children by arted Tartill groups the previous day; and over a hundred civilians were killed in and around Wavuniya in retaliation for a land nine explosion at the Wavuniya Army Carthp on 16th August."
Events of this type brought the ethnic wiolence and its post-1983 manifestations to the door-step of every home in Sri Lanka, and understandably there was so the political pressure for a settlement.
With India acting as mediator, there was a ceasefire arranged between the militants' organisation and the Sri Lankan Government, Ewer though the terms of the Casefire were newer officially är i nounced by the Sri Lankan Government, it had taken actium to Testrict the Army ta bũrrack5, to lif1 the curfew which was in force in districts ir the north of Sri Lanka and to lift restrictions in fisherr. There was also the release of some detenues. According to the terms of the céä5 Efire publish Ed in Iridià it was to consist of four phases during which negotiations would lead to political settlement and a cessation of hostilities.
STTCLLHGLC LS TLkkLLLLLL LCLCEaEkk LHCkMCCCL of Sri Lanka or Yi subject of Preversion of TlLLeLGLMMaL aaLLLLLLLLekGHLHE LLL TaGTLOLOLS 0LGGL Session, ALgLS 25. S85, 3er Flä,
LMHLHaaELE LLCLLeMetaaatS LtHLHOGL HLH SCTT LkLkLMS SSSSSS LaaLLL LLaakaHHL LCCHLLLL LaL EKLGCSMMTlCMS LGaOOLLSS Sefferrifstir 'S8Sta March 138éi,
To be сол тілшесі
"The armed struggle was forced on us by the Government. And if they warnt us to give it up tow, the ba) is in ther court.'
Nelson Mandela

Page 14
r14 TAMILTIMES
Effects of Conflict on Econo
This is the second part of the study undertaken by Dr. Paul Seabright in Northern Sri Lanka during the latter half of 1985. The third instalment will appear in the December issue. Dr. Seabright is presently attached to Churchill College, Cambridge.
(Continued from lastissue)
Agriculture: The Jaffna peninsula is a dryland region with no rivers and poor drainage. Nevertheless it has a sophisticated dryland agriculture with most land irrigated by kerosene of diesel pumpsets, and most ploughing operations performed mechanically, with either tractors or (more commonly) power tillers. Draught cattle are very few. Shortages of fuel have therefore had a severe effect upon cultivation of principal crops: last year's paddy production for the Maha (winter) season was approximately 60 per cent of normal, and rice imports to the peninsula began in October 1985 instead of as usual, in December. Estimated area under paddy for the present Maha season is 10,800 hectares, a mere 34 per cent of the arca sown two years ago. Yields per hectare are likely to be reduced by shortages of fertiliser and other inputs (the fertiliser supply situation has eased due to some government consignments by sea, but it is unlikely that farmers will have had access to fertiliser in sufficient time). They will also be affected by heavy flooding in Jaffna during November 1985, the extent of the damage from which has yet to be assessed. The repercussions for overall rice supply in the country will be discussed below. -
In the minor food crop sector, both acreages and yields have been correspondingly hit. The CBRE indicates that production of red onions in Sri Lanka (nearly all produced in Jaffna) was in 1984 at only 12.2 per cent of its 1983 level, due to a 67.8per cent fall in area sown anda 60 per cent fall in yield. National production of potatoes was just over half that in 1983, under cultivation in Jaffna district having fallen by about 80 per cent. National production of manioc, red chillies and groundnut, other principal Jaffna crops, also recorded large falls in 1984, though it should be emphasised that other factors are doubtless at work here besides disturbances in the North, and that in any case statistics for this sector are of poor reliability. In 1985 these trends can only have worsened, with unavailability of kerosene during the Jaffna curfew and deterioration of security in other areas of the North and East. The ceasefire has led to a small resurgence of cultivation of minor crops in Jaffna itself, but not on any significant scale, and the marketing difficulties experienced this year may well discourage optimism even if direct constraints on production have been eased. Notably it is "among the perennial crops (grapes, mangoes, coconuts), whose cultivators paid most for scarce irrigation fuel and resisted acreage reductions, that the greatest fall in producer prices has occurred this year, and the lesson has not been lost on other cultivators. 'We used to pray for a good harvest, reported one farmer. "Now we have to pray that we can get it to market too.'
As a result of these developments, real incomes in the agricultural sector have been seriously reduced. I have no way to estimate the size of this effect on farmers, but about earnings of agricultural labourers there is better information. The Rural Labourers' Union, an
association of Some 2.00 (and a few small tenant fa in average monthly earnin per cent since before the su of work per month are between ten and fifteen or 30 before; the nominal c however, been reduced previous level of Rs 40 per 25 for women. But there incidence of contract lab 1983 was a widespread ph men between Rs 50 an Contractual arrangement protect employers against shortage at the times of cru apparently become superf the emergence of a labour has not, however, been change the force of cus setting the daily nominal v open-market rice price hi Some real wage decline).
Until recently the labo due entirely to a fall in der refugees from Vavuniya province in recent months ( influx which consisted engaged in urban occupa
an early date. It is sy
conditions of physical insec two members of the RLU : been killed by the se remainder of the members earnings so heavily reduce be some exaggeration in thi me, their general level implausible in the light of v the decline in cultivation are In the face of these ch labourers have few resourc. New bank credit has ef Jaffna, and banks have c payments (due to the high robberies in 1983 and 198 markets do not appear to ha this: despite a rise in report rates from 3 per cent per mc month, amounts of credit a have declined.
This is of course judgment, but it accords W "expect given the diminished and the unpredictability of involved. If accurate, Such with the common tendenc a markets to increase the vol.
times of the agricultural that prompts the followin the discontinuity betwe 'abnormal conditions: (a when borrower risk is relat the lender, credit vol determined along a rising higher demand raising interest rates (the latter t lower opportunity costs to t season, and due no dou position as well as to some risk); (b) in 'abnormal' t borrowers and lenders are c or unpredictable or both, h informal sector leads to h but the supply curve bei credit rationing ensues. In normal informational adva informal over formal sect disappear. More mundan true that in conditions of

NOVEMBER 1986
my in Northern Sri Lanka
landle SS labourers mers), reports a fall gs of some 60 to 70 mmer of 1983. Days reported down to average from 25 to aily wage has not. but remains at its day for men and Rs has been a fall in ur, which prior to enomenon, earning d Rs 75 per day. , which inter alia the risk of labour sial operations, have luous to them after urplus. This surplus severe enough to tomary practice in vage (the rise in the as of course meant
ur surplus has been mand, but inflows of and the Eastern unlike the post-1983 primarily of those tions) may add to lement is possible at mptomatic of the nic disruption in urity that while only are reported to have curity forces, the hip has seen its real d. While there may e figures reported to is certainly not what is known about
a. . . . anges, farmers and es to fall back upon. fectively ceased in eased making cash incidence of bank 4). Informal credit ave compensated for ed normal'interest onth to 5 per cent per dvanced are said to
an impressionistic 'ith what one might | availability of each the borrower risks
a finding contrasts y of informal credit ume of credit at lean fear, a discrepancy g hypothesis about en normal and | in normal times ively well known to ume is demandsupply curve, with both volume and ypically in spite of he lender in the lean bt to a monopoly
increase in default mes when risks to ither unusually high igher demand in the gher interest rates, 1ds backWards and the latter cases the ntages possessed by or enders tend to :ly, it may also be
insecurity, private
money-lending as an activity combining high visibility with often low popular goodwill, is no longer so attractive to potential leaders.
I have no estimates of the incidence of land mortgage or distress sale, but anecdotal information suggests the land market to be very stagnant. Land can function as a security in distress only when adverse circumstances strike the economy unevenly, leaving certain groups in a position to demand the land that others need to sell: in conditions such as those in Jaffna where the agricultural economy has suffered very widespread stress, land is of little use. The cases of distress land transfer reported to me concern mortgage contracts made in the past, of which the repayment conditions have become suddenly burdensome due to recent circumstances, such as a family's loss of breadwinner. Concerning livestock, however, the rise in price of mutton and chicken (both mainly local products) suggests that increased domestic consumption and sale in 1984 (motivated both by family needs and by the shortage of fodder and grain for consumption) may have resulted in a reduction in the current stock. When economic distress is widely enough diffused (and economic risks sufficiently closely correlated), assets that can be costlessly consumed are more useful than those that have to be transferred or that yield consumption benefits only at a cost.
Industry and Public Services
It is difficult to find useful aggregate information on industrial production in individual districts of Sri Lanka, and Jaffna is no exception. It is in any case not one of the country's significant industrial areas, and the effect of the troubles on its industry must be guessed from examples. The cement plant at Kankesanthurai, which in 1982 produced 39 per cent of the country's output, is now reported running at 10 per cent capacity and a large rise in investment by its parent corporation in 1984 suggests that it intends to shift its capacity elsewhere. A large Sigma Pump manufacturing plant has closed, and its premises are now occupied by the security forces. There have been many closures of small engineering concerns, including workshops and garages, due to a combination of high costs (especially of fuel), shortage of skilled labour (many technicians and engineers have joined the migration abroad) and low demand. Construction is virtually at a halt in the housing sector, since houses are usually the first target for security forces reprisals. In the public sector, roadworks are at 40 per cent of normal after a year and a half (January 1984 to July 1985) of no roadworks at all, except some undertaken by militant organisations using pilfered supplies. Contractors have abandoned work on a town water supply system in Point Pedro. In the words of a public servant, there is no investment, nothing, anywhere'.
Of the major public services, transport is the one on which the effects of the disturbances are most visible in published statistics. CBRE reports that in 1984, as a result of security difficulties in operating bus services, “Northern and Eastern Regional Transport Boards (RTBs) each lost approximately 40 per cent of the scheduled kilometrage, while the North Central RTB lost around 30 per cent”. The 1985 performance will certainly have deteriorated. Similarly, total passenger kilometrage on Sri Lanka Railways in 1984 was 27 per cent down on its 1982 level.
Continued opposite

Page 15
NOVEMBER"1986
1'THE CEYLOWESE
Living here in exile, amidst nearly 500,000 of our island's workers who have been driven out of their Island home by various pacts and agreements and their now considerable natural increase, has led to some of their despair and alienation as exiles, having rubbed off on those of us who have taken the trouble to make contact with them and study their situation to the extent possible. Like most of us, most of them too arrived here much against their will and definitely against their better judgement.
Like most of us, most of them too had known little or nothing of this country or its people and like most of us, most of them too spoke a language that had evolved its own individuality and which would consequently mark them out as foreigners. Like us, most of them found to their dismay, that the citizenship they had fought for in their Island home but had never been recognised or accepted by the majority in their own homeland, was now forced upon them making them alien Ceylon Refugees in this country where they had hoped to find acceptance and welcome as its own children returning from a lengthy sojourn in foreign lands. Thus they have for over one and a half decades remained as *Ceylon Refugees', to be pitied, to be assisted, to be tolerated . . . but to whom acceptance has so far been denied and whose alienation will in all likelihood be passed on to be borne by. coming generations within this Indian context that demands that all declare their caste, clam or other social grouping. Hence, they will for long remain Sri Lankan Repatriates'. They will continue to live in Ceylon Colonies. The Classified Advertisements calling for marriage partners has recently begun to:
carry the sloga . . .’ We are liv formation of 1 Ceylonese peop of the statement a note of discorc of this letter.
The statemen "Although not solution to the UNP Governn cleverly made u workers voted Congress and therefore as a inimical to na political life) th by the progre country to be so stateless positit There appears disorientation i statement itse doubts have be upon the prog progressive sec referred to ther raises can be sta were these prog the " nation's pri which will of c these progressiv According to progressives cor that legitimise t workers, as bei on the stateless p This would me. these progressiv better off facing deportation th continued live country. Moreov was considered
Effects of Conflict on
Disruption to educational services is impossible to measure, but has clearly been important in the conditions of the last two years. To take only one indicator, there were 44 robberies of schools in 1983, 64 in 1984 and 19 in the first ten months of 1985, totalling more than one robbery for every four schools in the district. There are also reports that significant numbers of recruits to militant organisations are still of School age.
Finally, health services are under strain due to a combination of restricted supplies, difficult operating conditions and increased demand. At Jaffna General Hospital, for instance, there are recurrent shortages of drugs (especially antibiotics and anti-epileptic drugs) and of other supplies such as food supplements, intravenous Solutions and especially oxygen. Oxygen must come daily from Colombo by train, and each of the frequent cancellations of the service means cancellation of operations. Conditions of work have eased significantly since the ceasefire, for the curfew involved restrictions on movement in Jaffna that made it hard to transport patients and supplies.
Although some exemptions were in theory permitted for medical purposes, confusion over the interpretation of these exemptions resulted
Economy
in shootings by the of the restrictions spite of the 'w emergencies, the
Jaffna Hopsital aft days of December
197 in the same
majority of ni emergencies). Trai ber 1985 were bett for the hospital's commandeered by two vans are on p. also a shortage of normal operating (normal in the con shortage of staff), the current di consultants. Given services due to th physical injury, co and psychiatric illr risen though it is no the large number from elsewhere ir evidently under sig
Tol

TAMLTMES 15
PEOPLE IN EXILE
In “Wanted Sri Lankam
ing in the midst of the ***
lew people "The le in Exile. Hence one s in your comment raises
l, prompting the writing 4 "
concerned is as follows: the perfect or ideal’ problem created by the hent in 1984 (which se of the fact that these for the Ceylon Indian sought to brand them foreign Indian element ional interests in our 2 agreements were seen ssive sections of the me improvement on the pn of these people'. to be some perceptual in the view behind the lf, and considerable en cast by its content, ressive' nature of the tions of the Country ein. In fact the issue it ted as "In what direction gressives trying to steer ogress? the answer to ourse reveal just who eS 2IrC.
this statement, these sidered the agreements he deportation of these ng “some improvement position of these people'. an that in the view of "es these workers were the prospect of forced an the prospect of lihood in their own er since this deportation by these progressives to
continued
security forces so the effect remained. For example, in hite flag” exemption for number of admissions to er 6 pm during the first ten E984 was seven, compared to period a year earlier (the ght-time admissions are nsport conditions in Novemer but by mo means normal, ambulance is occasionally militant organisations and termanent "loan'. There is staff to contend with. Of a strength of 80 doctors text of a general nationwide ourteen have left because of fficulties, including six a rising demand for medical crisis (admission rates for ronary failure, malnutrition ess are all reported to have t clearby how much), and to of refugees entering Jaffna the island, i resources afe nificant strain.
econtinued
3 &
stateless people . .
be an improvement on the stateless position of these workers, it would mean that they considered it better for these workers to be thrown out of their homeland rather than that they be allowed to remain there without their citizenship rights. Hence these progressives were able to see as progress, the reduction in the number of these workers through their forced deportation.
This reduction in the number of these workers amounting to approximately
500,000 persons along with their ever
increasing natural increase, would mean a lessening of the numbers of the working class population and a diminishing of its political strength. The
removal of these workers from the
Island on the basis that they were alien
Tamils also served to help the Island progress towards its potential development as the Sinhala Buddhist state that
had been portrayed by certain elements within the Buddhist revival movements and which continues to be projected by various interests even today.
Hence it becomes clear that the progressive sections of the Country' who saw the agreements legitimising the deportation of these workers as an improvement in their stateless position were in actuality only seeing, and no doubt deriving some satisfaction from seeing, the country progress' towards the elimination of all 'alien elements and towards the realisation of itself as
the Sinhala Buddhist Nation that its national myths and ideology demanded.
The fruits of this progress have been the creation of a new category of those whose interests are no longer catered for by the
'..state and whose aspirations have earned them its enmity - the community of 'Ceylonese people in Exile.
The existence of these Exiles will be accompanied by all the political unrest and problems their unsettled situation will throw up. These problems can only
be solved by their return to their Island
home. Nirmalan Dhas By courtesy of CHRISTIAN WORKER(Colombo)
PHILOMIN & C0. SOLICTORS
For All Legal Services
And Conveyancing
Legal AidWork Undertaken
109 BELL STREET MARYLEBONE LONDONNW16TL TELEPHONE: 01-7233018
Mariampillai Philomin, LLIB, MBIM.

Page 16
16 TAMITMES
(Continued fra
TOWARDS A CONSENSUS
III - WHAT HAS FORMED A BASIS FOR CONSENSUS
14. Having looked at what is not there for use to comment upon, we should perhaps move onto what provisions are included, and which ones appear to form a basis for consensus in light of publicly stated comments and the TULF working paper:
(1) Constitutional Basis:
The first basis that both parties appear to agree on is that the PPCs should take the form of a constitutional amendment which allows for a substantial amount of devolution within a unitary constitution. The nature and extent of devolution and whether it should have a federal spirit within a unitary structure is the possible area of contention. Many people including Jehan Perera, the NSSP etc. . . have stated openly that Sinhala fear about the use of the word federalism is unfounded and actually inhibits a solution. The need to balance unitary against federal aspects so as to avoid a referendum is an approach which is a basic premise of the negotiation The Supreme Court will finally decide the outcome but a lot of the juggling and wording of provisions is done with this concern in mind. This leads to awkward documents and prevents a truly effective give and take.
(2) Legislative Power
There is also agreement on the structure of legislative power that should be devolved to the units and that the councils should be the product of elections. There is also agreement that the Chief Minister of the Council should be one from aparty which commands a majority of the house. He should also be generally responsible for the day to day administration of the province.
(3) Judiciary: There is also agreement about the structure of the Judiciary, the presence of a high court in each province and the location of the courts of appeal in Colombo.
(4) Subjects to be Devolved:
There also appear to be some agreement on the nature of the subjects to be devolved. Those included in the DDC schedule along with certain aspects of lands and land settlement and law and order. The details of the devolution have yet to be worked out.
In other words, though there are some minor disagreements, there appears to be a consensus on the principles in the areas outlined above. Most of the principles relate to the structure of the devolved units, the elections to take place and the list of subjects.
IV. WHAT ARE THE AREAS OF
CONTENTION Now let us come to the areas of contention among the parties. They are indeed
formidable, but perhaps not unbridgeable. In analysing these areas I think we have to accept the basic principle behind a process of negotiation. There can never be agreement on bottom line principles or on rhetorical
declarations. Creativity in n the formulations of alternati will satisfy aspirations on bo constructive spirit that I w contentious areas of negotia
Merger of North & East 16. The first area of conter, area on which the peace p issue of the merger of the n provinces. The proposals separate province for the n province for the east with ordination. The Tamil grc hand want the recognition o region and a merger of the into one provincial council.
The government proposa of the Eastern province, es of recent events in an ext position. The request of th merger make the Musli populations of the Eastern vulnerable. A decision eithe east a centre for greater conf fighting. Is there any alterna alternative, it must rest in a provinces. We do not have lines of administration. A de be ideal, but will in the conflict and contention amol within the respective provinc A suggestion for delimitat some NGO's recently s Northern province extend to Batticaloa but that Trinco environs be under Cen authority, and that Seri Trincomalee become part o' Province. A narrow corr connect Trincomalee Distric given the recent fighting in t a deserted uninhabited corr is suggested that Amparal province and perhaps to between the Sinhalese a Amparal electorate could Momeragala.
There is also a suggestio the Eastern province be de predominantly Sinhala, pre predominantly Muslim and of years a decision on delim Meanwhile inter-province co the means of operation. suggestions.
I know that there is great type of map drawing. There i the entrenchment of ethnic b we have an alternative? Is i make this new type of del: contain conflict So as to m councils viable in the east, C undergo a series of dissolutic peace will automatically co the natural, I mean natural a aided, movements of popul
make the ethnic charact boundaries non-antagonis compatible.
 

om last issue)
egotiation requires ve principles which thsides. It is in this ill go through the ion.
tion and I think the rocess rests is the rthern and eastern as such accept a orth and a separate inter-province coups on the other fa Tamil Linguistic north and the East
ls leave the Tamils pecially in the light remely vulnerable e Tamil groups for m and Sinhalese Province extremely r way will make the lict and internecine ative? If there is an new delimitation of e to accept British limitation may not long-term lessen, ng the communities ’es. ion put forward by uggests that the include areas upto malee Port and its tral Government uwila District of f the North Central dor will have to it to Batticaloa but his area it is already idor. In addition it become a separate minimise conflict nd the Muslims, become a part of
put forward that limited into three, lominantly Tamil,
itation take place. -ordination can be
These are only
resistance to this s also resistance to oundaries. But do t not necessary to mitation so as to ke the provincial therwise they will ons and any fragile Llapse. With time s opposed to state ation will perhaps eristics of these tic and more
„kweswv
NVENBER'' 1986
Executive Power
17. A new area of contention is that with regard to executive powers and the role of the governor. The Tamil groups had earlier suggested the presence of a governor as an intermediary between the President and the provincial council. The Chiddambaram papers envisioned the governor as a ceremonial ambassador of the Centre in the periphery who may aquire certain powers only during times of emergency. The government proposals on the other hand move far away from such a suggestion and delegate, (not even devolve) executive power to the Governor. He exercises executive power in the province, as an appointee of the President. This, given the intensity of political conflict in our society will prove to be not only unsalable but also unworkable. In fact it will result in the ultimate centralisation of power. The governor as an effective instrument of the Centre in the Province will lead to the creation of a presidential administration at the local level; going against legislative power of parliament and the provincial councils. It will destroy the democratic potential of any solution. It is in this regard that I think the only feasible alternative is a ceremonial governor, who may acquire some executive powers only during times of emergency. In normal times executive power could be devolved on the Governor but he would then be required to call upon the Chief Minister to execute such powers with regard to provincial administration.
In India, the governor has no powers except during emergency. He may, however, comment on bills passed by the State legislature. The final decision rests with the provincial council. On matters which may be of national importance, however the bill is reserved by the Governor for the consideration of President who may then submit it for consideration by the national judiciary or national legislature. This Indian formulation can be another alternative which would help prevent the governor from becoming an antidemocratic force within the scheme of provincial councils. However the power of reservation should be only present if the bills appear unconstitutional or ultra-vires.
Emergency
18. Emergency power is another area which will be of contention between the parties to the
negotiation. In the proposals, it is said that in
times of emergency, the president can assume the executive powers of the province. The formulation has yet to be worked out so one cannot comment in detail. However, it is envisioned that the provincial Council law will contain emergency provisions, perhaps different from those contained in the Constitution. In such a context, I think it is necessary that we do not take provincial emergency power in isolation. We already have a framework for repression which is quite substantial. We have the public Security Ordinance. We have the PTA and now we are about to work in emergency provincial councils and provincial administration. This tripledecker framework for repression may make sense in piece-meal but taken together can result in a further thrust toward authoritarianism. One should therefore be extremely wary about emergency powers appearing in all areas of the law. The public Security Ordinance may be amended to include the possibility of emergency in the provinces, but one law of emergency, and one standard for emergency formulations exist throughout the country. Emergency should be precisely that the term means - an exception to the normal processes
Continued opposite

Page 17
NOVENBER 986
Liberation Tigers (LTTE), at Mannar, was killed whilst engaged in a direct confrontation between the Tigers and the security forces of the Sri Lankan Government on the 11th October, at Adampan in Mannar, north Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan army suffered heavy casualties resulting in the death of nine Sri Lankan soldiers and the capture of two who are still being held hostage. The bodies of the dead soldiers were returned to the Sri Lankan army barracks in Jaffna Fort where Captain Kotalawala gratefully took charge within full public view.
The body of Victor was brought to Jaffna on the 13th and was lying in state at
Mass was sung. "Elders and young ones thronged the precincts of the church which was crowded to full capacity. Frequent appeals had to be made through the public address system to ensure order', said the Saturday Review, in reporting the event.
'The whole atmosphere was charged with emotion' and young and old wept
of law and due processes - not a necessary amendment to every piece of legislation.
Land
19. Another area of contention which has begun to lose its contentious quality is the area of Lands and Land Settlement. The Sinhalese groups have unanimously agreed “that interprovincial settlement projects should be based on national ethnic quotas. The Tamil groups have been equally vehement that the concept of "Tamil traditional homelands" be recognised and that no settlement should take place which alters the ethnic balance of the North East. Some type of compromise appears to have been worked out at the practical level. Though the government proposals state that the interprovincial irrigation projects should be based on a national ethnic quota, in practical terms the only project in existence is the Mahaweli, For that particular project, the government has accepted the fact that the ethnic balance of the North-East will not be altered. All Tamil allotments under the national ethnic quota will" be settled in the East and will not be altered. This practical accomodation will perhaps go a long way in bringing the parties together. However, Tamil demands with regard to "homelands' and the maintenance of the ethnic balance as of 1947 have been excluded. There are some other reservations. Though land is a devolved subject, statelands even with regard to projects cannot be alienated without presidential permission. Also, statelands involved in non-devolved subjects can be used by the Central Government without consultation of the provincial authorities. This appears to be somewhat arbitary and will lead to confusion. A more constructive Scheme for consultation and mutual agreement has to be worked out. I think we should pause for a noment on the subject of lands to note that the demands in this area a few years ago seemed to be irreconciliable. Today, agreement seems to be in the realm of the possible. Though I agree that this is only on paper and that it has yet to be implemented we can state that negotiations carried on between the Ministry of Lands and
Victor, the Area Commander of the
St. Mary's Cathedral, Jaffna. A Requiem,
JAFFNA PAYS HC
Mr. Chidambram reasonable alternati intractable problem.
Law and Order 20. Finally anothe is the question of lav accept the fact that " order is a devolved major step forwar creation of a mati provincials police provincial level, rec Chief Inspector and a panel in which ti Centre. There are th two representatives the province. Given police forces, given investigate in the pr IGP, given the eme the centre and the p the armed forces su force, weighing eve police in favour of til any form of mear provinces. The restr and will probabl negotiations are to si Discussion of the however, does not magnitude of the order. One cannot ( order without raisin How long will the a and the East after a that the Tamil milit and order situation of the East, what is invite them to lay d this Provincial Lav What is going to be up in the South who kill, like the STF, or such as the Hom dismantled? These i the proposals and ye determining for Sril
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

AVL VIEJO A
DMAGE TO VICTOR
have produced a more ve to what seemed to be an
. . . .
r major area of contention v and order. The proposals internal provincial law and subject." This in itself is a d. It would lead to the onal police force and a force. However, at the ruitment will be only up to the cadre will be chosen by he balance is held by the ree members of the panel, from the Centre one from the fact that there are two the fact that the CID can ovince under orders of the gency powers reserved for resident's right to bring in 1ch as army, navy and air n recruitment to provincial he centre in effect prevents ingful devolution to the ictions are quite substantial y be amended if the ucceed. ... " . se details of law, and orde
come to grips with the real problem of law and liscuss the issue of law and g some of the larger issues. 'med forces be in the North settlement? Given this fact ant groups control the law in the North and some parts the process envisioned to own their arms and accept v and Order framework? done to the new forces set have been either trained to who are para-military units e Guards. Will they be ssues are not even raised by t they are perhaps the most anka today.
aloud. "Jaffna did not see the like of it before", added the report.
The body was later taken in procession through Point Pedro, Valvettiturai, and Thikkam, in a motorcade flanked by members of the LTTE and a huge crowd followed carrying black flags, garlands and wreaths. All along the route people from a walks of life lined the route and paid silent tribute to the valiant soldier who so honourably acquitted himself in the fight for their liberation.
A twenty-one gun salute was given by the LTTE armed group at Point Pedro before a crowd, estimated at over twenty thousand, and a public meeting in his honour was addressed by religious dignitaries of the Hindu, Christian and, Muslim sects in a show of solidarity rarely witnessed in recent times. The overwhelming support this tragedy unveiled must necessarily leave the Tigers in no doubt as to the popular participation of the people whose cause they continue to espouse. The body of Victor later returned to his birthplace in Mannar for the final obsequies.
Conclusion
I have tried to raise some of the issues that have come to my head on the reading of the PPC proposals. They are by mieans complete but only an introduction to the type of problems and issues we face. I have been trained in the law and social science. The law has always made me optimistic, the legal system believes that for any given situation, there is a formulation for conflict resolution. The social sciences have taught me, that history is always more powerful than the law. If I am optimistic that something may result from this process, it is not an optimism based on scientific reasoning, it is only because I dare not be anything else. . . . . w
In considering these proposals, and the resultant peace process we must be acutely aware of the alternatives. We have had some experience of these in the past year. As I said before, we no longer have resource to innocence. ... We have also perhaps learnt relative and absolute truths as part of our collective experience. We have learnt that there are no ultimate solutions, especially to long-term ethnic problems, only relative issues of justice and injustice. However, we have also learnt some fundamental absolute truths. Though issues such as land policy, education structure, taxation, employment etc . . . are negotiable, human life is not. Even as we accept a new framework for the negotiation of political and economic power, we must do so with the realisation that fundamental human rights such as the right tó life and security, the right to the due process of law have to be secured and guaranteed. Any State which consistently refuses to give importance to these values will only lead our society toward national disaster. Conflicts that can be contained will become unmanageable, and problems which can be debated will become intractable. When a community believes that it is fighting for its physical survival, it will do so with a force and determination which cannot be easily repressed. Let us hope that all sides to this conflict have at least learnt these lessons fro the experience of the past few years. . . . . . .

Page 18
18TAMILTIMEs
eters to the Editor
Son of The Soil
ON 2ND OCTOBER I went to Vavuniya in north Sri Lanka to attend the funeral of a friend of mine. The shocking news reached me on 1st October and l decided to attend the funeral at any cost. He is dear to me and so are his parents.
The funeral was well attended by people 'of all communities and of all walks of life. Sadness and grief was written on all faces. The deceased was just 41 and a very successful farmer. His father was at Mamaduwa for a long time. They have lands there and the eldest son took to cultivation with enthusiasm. By hard work and experience he blossomed into a very successful farmer. Farmers of his calibre cannot be produced in months or weeks.
On Tuesday, 30th September he was loading the paddy in his tractor after threshing in his field at Mannaduwa. Some
unknown gunmen appeared on the scene
and demanded the tractor be given to them. He refused to hand over the tractor which was his main tool for his cultivation. It appears that they were able to get away with the tractor only after destroying him and his co-worker with their guns. On the following morning when the frantic mother went in search of her son to their fields, she saw him lying dead in the field. The soil that
nursed-ařħid nourished f got enriched by his blo night. Such traits shown be attributed to a farmer. His young widow wa, dead body of her husb daughter, just 7 years, th was heard to say 'Moth here to look after you'. the old block. The farm reflected in his child.
He had two tractors. O, by some young men a fe could not possibly give which would have mea farming land, his livelihc dedicated itself to produ rest.
We know of many cas gave up their tractors ar farming. But his case is ur be subdued but only des spirit that pervades our la There are many whic cannot expect peace and without a rich economy W the helm of affairs. There economy without prod may l appeal to all co farming community be hindered in the days to c limping, please do not unknowingly to sabotag people have to be fed. Let that goal.
Kilirnochchi
RAWK HYPOCRISY "
THE SRI LAN KAN Organisation of Professional Associations' President, Dr. Sirilal de Silva's letter to you has received 'boxed in' prominence in your issue of September, 1986.
The OPA's policy is to support the integrity and unity of the country and condemn any attempt at division or separation. To solve the ethnic problem the following are some of the methods contemplated by it and perhaps recommended to the Government. } { (a) Assuage the fears of the majority (b) Strengthen naval presence in the northern waters to assure the country's integrity. (c) Take steps to teach both languages in all schools (this is old hat repeated ad nauseam). (d) Tamils to re-think their political strategy and consider the benefits of the 'Muslim Model' of participation (this one is an insult to the Muslims as well as the Tamils). '
One would expect something more serious, more progressive, perhaps something original, from a body of professionals, who also form part of the intelligentsia of the country. North and East of Sri Lanka is in flames. Tamils irrespective of age and sex are being butchered daily. The OPA has not addressed its mind to this aspect. What the Sri Lankan Tamil wants today is "Freedom from FEAR". : .
Dr. de Silva, like a political baby, believes that this problem could be solved by 'dialogue', by dialogue, lacking sincerity and based on "rank hypocrisy', a dialogue that throws sand in the eyes of the unsuspecting, a dialogue repeated umpteen
number of times witout any result whatsoever. Thiru Vasagan, Jaffna K.S. Balla
LTTE, Genocid
MR. V. PRABAHARAN, in Newsweek, has said that t enough to take on the Lanka military (Tamil Ti '86, Page 5). Page 1 of the that 47 Tamils were killed Lankan security forces ir rampage followed a car. triggered-off by a milita Munai Road in Batticaloa.
Massacring innocent T tion for land-mine explo militant groups or in 'sear nothing new and has bee Tamil areas from 1983.
if the LTTE is strong eno Mr. Prabaharan, why coul
CA
THIS LETTER is in respon for readership participati you receive hundreds ( venture to hope that proportion of them will a, cause”, атd apportion necessary. . . . . .
There willobe SOrne W such as 'The Turks and Vaikunthavasan, I supp Turkish Government for h than addressing a meeting Sikh cry for Khalistant
As for Tamil Times, I f desire for 'peaceful co-e, Survival and Commitment There vivas a time I fir peaceful co-existence v difficult to achieve than Mlow li an not so sur determination, in a gen
 

m all these years d throughout the by him could only
wailing over the nd. Her youngest pet of her father, r, do not cry, I am his is the chip off ar's trait is again
e was taken away v months ago. He up the other too it the loss of his pd. The hand that ction was laid to
es where farmers d their interest in ique. He could not royed. This is the ld.
realise that we plenty in our land, hoever may be at cannot be a stable iction. Therefore ncerned that the not coerced or Ome. It is already act knowingly or e it further. The us strive towards
E.S.Theyagarajah
NOVEMBER 1986
Flying High
A recent Government communiqêe says that the widows and the children of terrorists victims have asked the Sri Lanka Government to fly them to Canada so that they may place their plight before the Canadian Government and the Canadiah public. This is no doubt afine idea. vn
It would be better, in my opinion if the parents of the 53 Tamil youths slaughtered inside the Welikade jail on the night of 23 July '83 are also given the same facility to explain to the Canadian public the fate that befell their beloved children.
am sure it would be best if the hundreds,
nay thousands of widows, widowers, and orphans created
in the Northern and Eastern provinces after the July '83 holocaust in Colombo and the South are also allowed the same facility so that not
only Canada but the whole world would
understand matters in their correct
perspective.
Instead of spending money in flying people to Canada, would advise them to read the repeated reports of Amnesty International, a fair and impartial body, tò understand what is taking place in Sri Lanka today. The latest effort of the Government iš an attempt to escape under a smoke screen after the Tissa Weeratunga episode and the foolish belief that attack is the best form of defence, which will convince none least the
nightened Canadians enlig e R. D. Thewathasan
Chun nakarn
and India
an interview with he LTTE is strong 51,000 strong Sri mes, September same issue states by rampaging Sri | Batticaloa. This -bormb explosion ant group along
amils, in retaliasions set off by h operations", is n going on in the
igh as claimed by d he not avert all
the carnage and bloodshed at the hands of marauding soldiers?
Mr. Prabaharan's argument that India's intervention may allow other international forces to meddle in Sri Lanka's affairs is untenable, since many countries - Pakistan, Israel, USA, to name a few - are already meddling in Sri Lanka's affairs. The bitter fact is that only India's military intervention can averta Tamil genocide in the island.
With due respect to Mr. Prabaharan, wish to state that he doesn't like an Indian military intervention, because in case India intervenes militarily, he won't have a say in Tamil Eelam's affairs and either a nominee of the Indian Government or an elected representative of citizens of Eelam will govern Tamil Eelam.
N.S.W., Australia S. Sivanathan
N WE AFFORD...?
ie to your appeal on. While I hope f letters, may I a fairly large alyse the 'Tamil blane where
the distinct ideas he Tamils' by K. pse asking the Ip is less harmful in support of the
lly support your istence, national a free society', ly believed that as much more separate State. If Tamil selfrally acceptable
iform, can be enshrined in the Sri Lankan constitution, the Sri Lankan Government should be given a chance to implement it. Many Tamils may oppose this point of view, but I believe the time has come for this issue at least to be discussed among Tamils. Some say, after going through all the sufferings, can we afford to give up the Eelam demand? On the question of suffering, what has happened in the past eleven years in Lebanon should compel us to ask: 'Can we afford to go on as we are at present?” As for Eelam, if it were to be achieved today, how many of us can put our hands on our hearts and say that there is enough concensus and goodwill amon Tamils to runan administration? Y
May I request Tamil Times to publish thought-provoking articles on the politica and economic future of Tamils. West Australia N. Karan

Page 19
NOVEMBER 1988
OTTAWA, Oct. 6 (Reuter)
The Canadian Government will reopen an investigation of charges against the Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Canada following fresh allegations against him of alleged torture and human right abuses, External Affairs Minister Joe Clark said today.
Clark said the investigation was reopened after the government received sworn statements from a Tamil refugee organisation in Canada with the new charges against Lt. General Tissa Weeratunga.
"I have just this morning received six
Commons. &
Clark told Opposition Party spokesmen he would personally interview the six Tamil refugees who filed the affida vits. ۔ تو ؟ *
Some of the refugees have asked for anonymity saying they feared reprisals
Lanka.
Clark said similar allegations, made
affidavits in question and I will naturally look into thern", Clark told the House of
against family members still in Sri
Canada Tolnvestigate Tc Charges Against Lankan
last month by a . Ta Paris, sparked a which did not turn corroborate the cha. Weeratunga den any of the incider Government backed Canadian officials Government was ul for checking the cl refused to say w protest would be la the investigation.
Canada is reco
refugees and was
medal from the Geneva. It was the Medal, which r refugees, was give than an individual. An External spokesman said sir been made by me community here -was accepted as An last March, but investigation was by
Refugee Situation
Since we last went to press and Within a matter of 14 days from the 8th October, the Tamil Times reliably understands that a further 48 Tamils have been killed and 280 arrested. Much more tragic, however, is the news that 770 families,
Province, have become refugees. These families are casualties of one is single operation at Sambalthivu by the Sri Lankan armed forces. . .
We give the position of the Refugees as it stood on 30.986.
all Tamils and Muslims in the Eastern
District No. of
Camps Trificomalee 23 Batticaloa eta 5 May to 8 Wawuniya -6.س Mannar 2 Kilinochchi 5 Kifríochchi . (outside camps) Jafna 11 Jafffa
soutside camps)
Total: 60
'CRISISIN SRI LAN
A CONFERENCE On ''Crisis in Sri Lanka' was convened jointly by the University of California, Los Angeles, and International Alert against genocide and mass killing on the
25th October at the University of California, Esos
Angeles, in an effort "to explore possible measures to restrain immediately the present indiscriminate mass killings and to lay the basis for ethnic concilitation which will release the productive energies of the country debilitated by the murderous conflict', as its a vowed purpose.
The Conference was chaired by Prof. Stanley Wolpert and the keynote address delivered by Lord Avebury, Chairman of the British Parliamentary Human Rights Group, who drev' attention to the gross violations of human rights by the Sri Lankan authorities in contravention of Ahe UN Human Rights Conventions, to vhich Sri Lanka was a signatory and the documented idence of hundreds of cases of torture, in voluntary disappearances, arbitrary arrests and detention without trial. Lord Avebury also putlined the possible approaches for solution to dhe ethnic crisis, based on meaningful ашопоту r the Tamil areas in Sri Lanka and pointed to of countries like Canada where sharing of power under a federal structure in
a bipolar polity Secessionist tendenci Cohesion and integrai any agreement betw needed the guaran Community and in special role to play, he Mr. David Hickle referred to the publications by AI ( contained carefully re arrests, illegal det disappearances of 1 deplored the lack ( Lankan Government for Such violations independent, Organ political position of acknowledged by the Mr. Paul Nallanay citizen, himself a v'iolations, lent emph and gave an eye i vitin (2/ Tamil youths by th and their secret buria grave in the Battica Lanka; it ". . .

FAM FIMES 9
ug:
orture - Y ***
”
D.P. L. స్కీతో * ズベ*
* If a
mil refugee living in preliminary inquiry, pany information to rges. ied involvement'h ts. The Sri Lankan di his denial. 5 said the Sri Lankan 'timately responsible harges. The officials /hether any formal unched as a result of
gnised for helping today awarded a United Nations in first time the Nansen ecognises aid to in to a nation rather
Affairs department nilar allegations had
nbers of the Tanil
before Weeratunga nbassador to Canada
that no official едит.
--
ത്ത
No. of No. of families persons
5,780 28,746 2,301 10,722 : 2,420 10,889 727- 3,127 233 1,047 280 11397
5,300 26,500
5,301ی سم 1,201 | 、一*14699。
18,242
102,428
IKA'
far from encouraging es, had only led to greater tion. Given the past history" een the two communities tee of the International this regard India had a 2 reiterated.
of Amnesty International numerous Studies ... and on Sri Lanka all of which searched cases of arbitrary ention and in voluntary amils in Sri Lanka and of response from the Sri to the explanations sought of human rights by an isation which had no affiliation whatever and International Community. agam, now a Canadian
victim of human rights
asis to the position of Al ess account of mass killing le Sri Lankan armedforcès
l without inquest in a mass
loa district in eastern Sri
Wimal 8 CoA
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s: Prof. Horowitz of the Duke University made a comparative and analytical sirvey of the ethnic problems in the newly emergent countries and drev attention to the Malaysiån model in successfully avoiding the ethnic convulsions that Sri Lanka has been plagued with. . is
Other speakers included Dr. Karlestiyan Artil - former associate Professor of Yale University, the TULF leader Mr. A. Amirthalingam, Dr. Brian Seniwiratne, Constilitant Physician and Human Rights activist of Brisbane, Australia, Professor Stanley. Thambiah, Chairman of Anthropology, Harvard University, Professor Leo Kuiper, Chairman Dept. of Sociology, UCLA, Professor Philip Trimble, International
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Page 20
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蠢義畿 緣。 « . The death occurred on 4th October, 1986 of MR. GUNARATNAM BALASINGAM, Estimator, G.E.C., Coventry. He was the second son of the late Mr. A. Gunaratnam, Chartered Accountant, British Civil Service, Burma and Mrs. Gunaratnam, brother of Jeyasingam, Rajamohan of Waddukoddai, the late Tharmarajah of Karaveddi, Nathan of Croydon, Mrs. S. P. Selvaratnam, Colombo and Mrs. M. Paramalingam, South Africa.
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SORNAM, wife of R. M. Gunaratnam, (Retd Vice-Principal, Hartley College), sister of K. Pooranampillai, K. Theivananthampillai (Fiji), " Gna ni Naliah, mother of Saroji ni Jayaratnam (UK), Marcus (Australia), David (Trinidad) and Thevi Shanmuganathan (France). 20 Perinpanayagam Lane, Chu ndiku li.
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APPRECATION
MANO KADIRGAMAR
MarnO Kadirgamar who suffered a heartattack in 1985 passed away on 19th October, 1986 after surgery at Harefield Hospital.
Any person's death is a d for those who survive, but Mano's departure is all the who knew him to be gregar extrovert by nature. Even ( he stubbornly maintainec remained a focal point f. friends who would never ha each other if not for. Mano required tremendous coura and he had this in ample me Mano had - most of his College where he exce achievements there in cr legendary. His great passio with him throughout his lif he suffered his heart attack the mixed doubles title tournament having won previous years. Also, for se singles title at his local Tithe
Mano made a career for which profession he held hi time with the Bank of Ceyl Bank where he was a ma Credit Department at the tin held in very high esteem predictably popular with his Mano was one of the earl in Harrow and many of tho remember with gratitude th which he gave everyone ah settled down. This kindness be of assistance, he exten touched his life. In recent y of us the concern for the pro Sri Lanka. He served a te Committee of SCOT and w any efforts to relieve the suf During a visit to Mano's h noticed a poster on one oft "Christianity is like tennis; cannot lose'. I felt it ad Mano's life. He served well those who survived him ha' a loving husband, Ajit and N all of us a very good friend.
SCO
Seasonal
(Net proceeds for Tam and Rehabili
Lola Jones Hall, G off Garratt Lane London S
Sumday; 21 D
commencin
Musical evening-l Adults £5, Childre
Suhday, 4 J Commencin Neu! Year Adults £4, Childre.
Tickets available from 1
SCOT, 181 Torbay Roa Middx. HA29QF(Tel: 0
 
 

iminishing experience : the sense of loss of more acute for those ious by instinct and an juring his long illness I this life style and or numerous mutual ave been in touch with 's binding force. This |ge and determination 3ՏԱ ré.
education at Jaffna led in sport. His icket and tennis are in for tennis remained 2. In the month before he was runner-up for in the Lloyds Bank the singles title in veral yers he held the Farm Club. himself in banking, in is own both during his on and later at Lloyds nager in the Exports he of his death. He was at his workplace and colleagues there. y Sri Lankan residents se who live here now he great pleasure with elping hand until they s and the great urge to ded to everyone who ears he shared with all blems of the Tamils in rm on the executive as very supportive for Ferings of the Tamils. house after his death, he doors which read - if you serve well you equately summed up - he did not lose. But we indeed lost - Ranee ina a caring father and
C.K.,
T
Events il Refugee Relief tation) : |
با reaves Place, 2, Tooting, W17
ecember
g 6pm
Dinner-Disco n under 12 f2
anuary g1pm.
Lunch m under 12 El
The Treasurer, d, Harrouv, 1-4228984).
NOVEMBER 1986
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
The Standing Committee of Tamil-speaking People (SCOT) has organised a Christmas gettogether for Sunday 21st December 1986 at Lofa Jones Hall, Greaves Place, off Garratt Lane, Tooting, London SW 17. The celebrations commence at 6pm with a musical evening, followed by dinner and disco dancing. Tickets priced at £5 for adults and £2 for children under 12 are available from The Treasurer, 181 Torbay Road, Harrow, Middx., Telephone: 01-4228984.
关 冷 兴
The SCOT New Year Lunch will be held on Sunday 4th January, 1987 at Lola Jones Hall, commencing at 1pm. Tickets f4 for adults and f1 for children under 12 are available from the reasurer, 181 Torbay Road, Harrow, Middx. Telephone 01-422 8984.
WEST LONDON TAMIL SCHOOL
Grade exams in Tamil, Bharata Natyam. Vocal Music, Violin, Veena, and Mirithangam (in accordance with the syllabus agreed at the Acton Mother Tongue Conference) will be held on 24 and 31 January, 1987. i
Youth Exchange Programme
(with Tamilnadu) July-August 1987. 15 students between 16 and 25 years will be offered subsidised airfares and other concessions for a 4 weeks cultural tour of South India.
Dance & Music Teachers
Vacancies exist for qualified teachers in Bharata Natyam (Kalakshetra Style) & Vocal Music. For further details, please write to The Headmaster, 179 Norval Rd., N. Wembley, Middx. HAO3SX. . . .
Nx *ኙ ;
FLUTEARANGETRAM
Mayura, daughter of Mr & Mrs R. Mahadevan of Malden Rd., New Maden, Surrey and student of Mrs Rudrani Balakrishnan entertained a packed audience of friends and well wishers at her Flute arangetram recital, on 18th October, 1986 at St. Mathews Hall, Spencer Rd., Wimbledon, Londo sw20. It was the first ever performance by a girl on the flute in the UK and Mayura excelled in her rendering of the different ragas much to the delight of her guru who accompanied her on the violin.

Page 23
N6)VEMBER 1986
Skanda Felicitates Its Past Principal
"Some educational institutions selected the pupils to whom they gave admission but admission to Skanda Varodaya College was based on the important promise that education was the inalienable night of every child, irrespective of background or ability. it was Mr. Subramanian's commitment to this concept that enabled him to offer places in Skanda to everyone in need, to continue his or her education.
What was a village school, became a special grade institution in the island, hitting the headlines with the highest number of entrants to the University from the Peninsula and with excellent achievements in the field of sports", said Mr. N. S. Kandiah speaking at a lunch organised to felicitate Mr. C. Subiramanian, Emeritus Principal, Skanda Varodaya College, Jaffna, held on Sunday 9th November, 1986 at Lola Jones Hall, Tooting, London SW17. Continuing Mr. Kandiah said, "it is often said that what a teacher achieves after several years of committed service to the community is not anything material, but the pleasure and satisfaction of seeing his or her students doing well in life. I believe Mr. Subramaniam would have had that pleasure and satisfaction in ample measure today".
Mr. P. Rajanayagam referred to his role in the political scene of Jaffna as Secretary of the Jaffna Youth Congress. Mr. Subramanian replying spoke on the steps he had taken to build up the College from its modest beginnings and thanked all those present for honouring him in that f7 marfer,
London Tamil Congregation Called
CHRISTMAS V− - Mr. Bala Nada
the Bermuda Ba
CAROL SERVICE the civil service. I
be leaving the ls/
at 3.45 p.m. with the Washir Hanson, O'Brian,
on Sunday, 14th December Mr. Nadarajah, the Bar in Sri Lan
WATCH-NGHT legal aspects of i
in Bermuda fc Ο fes. SERVICE . . . e.g.:
Wednesday, 31st December, father Mr. K. V.
lawyer in Sri Lan
at 11 p.m.
The Putney Methodist Church, Gwendolen Ave, London SW15
For Further information Please Contact: Chandra Sethurahan: 01-7435294
A Date ForYour Diary
Thanksgiving Weekend 20th/21st June, 1987
THE LEAGUE OFFRIENDS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF JAFFNA in Association With
NORTH LONDONTAMIL
NEIGHBOURHOODGATHERING
will be holding a Dinner Dance on Saturday 27th December 1986 at Forty Hall, Forty Lane, Enfield, Middx.
From 6.30pm till 11.00pm
For tickets: (Adults: fes, Children: E3)
please ring:
(O923)24927 O1-3986078 ത്ത (O923)23987 01-952 1558 Standing in front
(O623) 792531 01-4492018 the newest mem !
(0707).52819 Bala Nadarajah.
 
 
 
 

TAMILTIMES 23
二一
tOthe Bar
ajah was admitted to after seven years in dowever, he will soon and to take a position gton-based law firm Birney and Butler.
who is a member of ka, has worked on the international business or the Registrar of
is appointment to his Wadarajah, who was a (a for 54 years.
of the Supreme Court is er of the local Bar, Mr.
Appreciation
FR. PHILIPPONNIAH
A charismatic priest endowed with a pioneering skill and tactful leadership and with a long proud service of nearly half a century, Rev. Fr. Philip Ponniah now takes charge of Our Lady of Refuge, Jaffna in the evening of his life. . He has the distinction of having undergone the first Evangelical work under the internationally renowned polyglot Rev. Fr. Gnanapiragasar at Nallur.
He proceeded to Rome in 1945 where he was conferred a doctorate in Canon Law — summa Cum laude.
On returning to Jaffna in 1950, he was appointed the parish priest of Kayts. In 1953 he started a new mission at Cheddikulam where he built over twelve churches.
His erudition and untiring zeal elevated him. to the position of the director of St. Martin's Seminary and General Manager of Catholic Schools in the Diocese during the period 1956 to 1961.
After he served in Kilinochchi, Jaffna Cathedral, Vavuniya, Mankulam, Naranthanai, Kopay and Mathagal, in 1980, he was appointed as the first Rector, of St. Francis Xavier's Seminary, Colombagam which from its small beginnings, of five students, rose up to have a substantial student population with its faculties of Philosophy and Theology.
He had the distinction of having been the President of diocesan court for thirty long years and the counsellor for the Bishop of Jaffna.
While being Rector of the Seminary and the Director of Evangelical commission, he started two new missions at Maniyamthoddam and Uthayapuram in the suburb of Jaffna.
May the Almighty grant him longevity so that the people may have the fortune to avail themselves of his inexhaustible fund of knowledge and the benefits of his selfless service both in the spiritual and temporal spheres.
Karaveddi W. Mahalingam
By courtesy, Saturday Review 4th Oct, '86 Note: We sincerely regret the grievous error in our October issue and express
our unreserved apologies to Fr. Ponniah, and all concerned. Editor
Pupils at the West London Tamil school celebrated the Navaratri festival in honour of the patron of education, Goddess Saraswati, with dances, songs and music. The school's second London Tamil Reader, funded by a f 1,000 grant from the Council of Churches is available from the Headmaster at 179 Norwal Road, Wembley, Middlesex HAO 3SX, price E1.50,

Page 24
24 TAMIL TIMES
INDIAN CRACKDOWN ONTAMMILITANTS
Continued from page 1
publicity given to the police operation and the details of the weaponry seized add weight to the theory that there were more important reasons for this action.
The background to the crackdown against the Tamil militants, as seen by political observers in New Delhi, is the Indian government's view that the current set of proposals put forward by the Sri Lankan President for a political solution of the ethnic conflict contain many positive aspects which could form the basis for a resumption of meaningful negotiations. There is no doubt that the Tamil militant groups have incurred the displeasure of some influential quarters in New Delhi by summarily rejecting Sri Lanka's proposals in spite of the several attempts made by senior Indian Ministers and officials of the Central government to persuade the militants to agree to negotiate on the proposals. Even M. G. Ramachandran, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is reported to be displeased with the Tamil militants' response. Another factor precipitating the crackdown would appear to be the reported announcement by the LTTE that they were going to print and circulate their Own currency in the northern Tamil areas of Sri Lanka and their proposal to set up their own administration from January 1987, which has
been characterised as an act of unilateral
declaration of independence. It appears that President Jayawardene approached Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi to warn him of the danger posed by these announcements by the LTTE, and that unless the militants agreed to negotiations within a matter of weeks, he would have no alternative but to launch a major military offensive, including aerial bombardment of the northern Jaffna district. He is also reported to have told Rajiv Gandhi that something should be done by the time the President went to the SAARC Summit at Bangalore in mid-November.
While opinion in India is generally supportive of the limited action taken against the militants, New Delhi is acutely aware that it cannot afford to alienate the feelings of the mass of the Tamil people of South India by going all Out against the Tamil militants. In fact the government of India is keen to ensure that Colombo should not read the action taken against the militants "as evidence of any dimunition or withdrawal of Indian support for the Tamil position in the larger dispute over autonomy'. It is in pursuance of this line, India warned Sri Lanka On 14 November not to Over-estimate the Crackdown on Tamil militants as a licence to launch a new offensive in northern Sri Lanka amidst reports that Colombo had moved about 10,000 troops to the frontiers of northern Jaffna. The Indian warning was delivered by Foreign Minister, Mr. Narayan Dutt Tiwari during an hour's meeting with his Sri Lankan counterpart, Mr. Sahul Hameed. He is understood to have stressed that Indian public opinion remained sympathetic to the Tamil demand for a greater say in their own affairs, eventhough it might not supporta separate state of Eelam.
On the l
The news that certair to a particular Lib deemed it necessar crowd in India, in T recently, has taken t here and abroad by shame. Whatever however justified the We as Tamils cannot the use of force as weapon to resolve opinion or even confr may occur.
This is not to preac to maintain a tradit Cultural attitude that and in the name of v Struggle.
As for India, her ni become suspect, at le Sri Lankan gove intervention in our st and more as a delica of brinkmanship. Toa by injudicious and fo this nature is, to say ground under our ow To reiterate the accommodated the la Lankan refugees, aln fifty thousand, ever pogrom and even ear of the world Cou understanding and cause. All this said, a of civilians affected b un natural to find aberrations apart, wh misfortune in a mann believe as the most su different kettle of fish Lankan Tamil co condemns this actio totally unbecoming, v tion whatsoever.
Teache
NORTHERN PROVINCE tion has appealed to hold talks with Tamir endeavour to find a st problem.
This appeal was r general meeting hel College, Mr. T. F chaired.
ΒΟΥ Η
A FOURTEEN YEAR O, Somasunderam gave attempt to save a gil School who was about a coach which app, control. "I saw Kes gi push together out oft he disappeared", sa occupants of the coac dram was dragged coach with his legs bro Surgeons at Sa Hospital battled to sa later succumbed to father Dr B. Somasun to the Old Manor Hosp

NOVEMBER 1986
Madras Shooting Incident
members belonging ration Group had to open fire on a hiru Valluvar Nagar e Tamil community surprise, shock and
the provocation, arguments may be, nd will not submit to
the first available
a difference of ontation, wherever it
a homily but rather on and preserve a we are so proud of which we continue a
utrality has already ast in the eyes of the 'n ment and her uggle appears more e exercise in the art did to her difficulties olhardy incidents of the least, to cut the
feet. obvious, India has Irgest number of Sri ost a hundred and since the July '83 lier. In no other part ld we find such sympathy for our mong the hundreds y this strife, it is not a handful, mental to react to personal 2r they have come to coessful. But this is a altogether. The Sri mmunity roundly as abhorrent and vithout any reserva
India has since delivered such a stinging smack to all the liberation groups, not merely to the individuals or the particular group involved, that Creates the impression that there is more to it than meets the eye. The over-blown reaction and the disproportionate punishment meted out, despite the meek submission and expression of remorse by those concerned, and viewed against the backdrop of persistent militant refusal for a compromise on ideological attitudes against practical realities, the Prime Minister of India is perhaps convinced that his forthcoming meeting with Mr. J. R. Jayawardene in Bangalore, should produce the solution acceptable to India, if not to the Tamils themselves.
India's integrity and credentials have never been in doubt as far as the Tamils are concerned. Mr. Clean has always shown that he is pure in his intentions - clean almost to a fault. The credentials of the other negotiating party in the conflict have always been in doubt with the Tamils and the credibility gap created by the Uturn, after agreeing to the proposals contained in the since famous Annexure C, and the subsequent conduct and procrastination of the Sri Lankan Government, permits only a wild hope. Meanwhile to disarm the Militants whose strategy has thus far had the most telling effect in such a protracted conflict is to put the problem back to square one, besides throwing the Militants and the Tamils in general to the wolves, so to speak. If however this whole exercise is a piece of strategy in the achievement of the rights of the Tamils, then India has assumed an open responsibility for the welfare of the Sri Lankan Tamils which she cannot now shrug off. Ontario, Canada 15.11.86
S. K. Ratnam
rS Call For Talks With Militants
: Teachers' Associathe Government to militant groups in its ution to the ethnic
hade at its annual d at Jaffna Hindu 'uwanasunthararasa
Mr. H. N. Fernando, President of the Ceylon Teachers' Union stated that the proposed Provincial Councils would not satisfy the aspirations of the Tamil people.
He went on to state that the establishment of army camps in the North amid the civilian population in School premises or close to schools had caused irreparable damage to education.
ERO
Dschoolboy Kes his life in his fron the sanne to be run over by "rently had lost se the little girl a he way - but then id one of the 7. Kes Somasununderneath the en and crushed. isbury General a his legs but he nis injuries. Hiis eram is attached al, Salisbury.
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