கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Tamil Times 1988.06

Page 1
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Page 2
2 TAMIL TIMES
CONTENTS
Whither Human Rights?...................... 2
Colombo Newsletter............................. 3 ANNUAL SUE
UK/India/Sri Lank Save Kanthasamy Appeal.................... 4 All other countrie
IPKF Offensive Continues.................... 4 Published r
TAM, T Amnesty International Report.............. 5 SUTTON šu Madras Newsletter.............................. 7 ÚNITEDK
IPKF Soldier Released......................... 8 Views expressed by contrit those of the editor or the Pain, Agony and Fear.......................... 9 The publishers assume no
unsolicited manuscripts, pl
MWHITHER HU
it cannot be doubted that the action taken by the Indian government at various times before the United Nations Commission on Human Rights played a crucial role in turning the Spotlight on the human rights abuses committed by the Sri Lankan government and its security forces against the island's Tamil community. The Indian government's forthright condemnation of Sri Lanka's massive military attacks on Tamil civilian areas and its eventual decision to send its planes to drop humanitarian assistance' to the beleaguered Tamils went a long way towards preventing the Sri Lankan government from seeking the final military solution it was seeking.
With the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement came the India Peace Keeping Force. The agreement and the arrival of the IPKF were portrayed and projected as favours done by India for the Tamils. The Tamils welcomed the IPKF and thought there would be no more atrocities, no more civilian killings and no more human rights violations. But events have proved otherwise. The recent report of Amnesty International (see page 5) highlights, even though to a lesser extent than actually is the case, the violations to which the Tamil people are continuing to be subjected. It is ironic but true that, India which quoted Al reports in the past to support its denunciations of the Sri Lankan government for human rights violations against the Tamils now finds itself indicted on the same count by the same Al.
The Al report also draws attention to the dramatic increase in violations of human rights against members of the Sinhala community in Sri Lanka. In the past we warned the Sinhala people that the draconian and authoritarian structures - the Prevention of Terrorism Act, the Emergency Regulations, the para-military outfits like the Special Task Force, Counter-Subversion Unit, the Home Guards etc. - that were being constructed and increasingly employed against members of the Tamil community, would, sooner than later , be deployed against members of the Sinhala community. That is exactly what has been happening in the recent past. When Al spotlighted the abuses committed against the Tamils, there were many in the Sinhala community who labelled and denounced Al as a Tamil lobby' trying its utmost to tarnish the image of Sri Lanka. But today it is the Sam Al which has Come forward to focus attention on the abuses which members of the Sinhala community are being made to suffer.
The Tamils of Sri Lanka had a just cause against a government which was denying the basic and fundamental rights to which they were entitled. And to win back these rights, they launched a struggle, peaceful first
 

JUNE 1988
S CONTENTS 266-4488 Four Decades of Apartheid............... 10
SCRIPTION Readers Forum.................................. 12 . . . E10/US$20 s. . . E15/USS30 Dixit-LTTEAgreement........................ 13
onthly by Murder of Fr, C.Fernando.................... 15
S LTD
X 121 Open Letterto Rajiv........................... 16 EY SM1 3 TD INGDOM Mahabharata in Glasgow................... 17
t t ိုရှီမျိုးမျို” necessarily Concern for Refugees........................ 20
esponsibility for return of Nehru DOCumentary...................... 20
hotographs and artwork.
MAN RIGHTS?
and then armed. It is the human rights abuses which accompanied the attempt by the government to suppress that struggle by arbitrary and military means that attracted a measure of international legitimacy to the struggle of the Tamil people. The Tamil struggle for the restoration of their fundamental rights was fought on an international programme of human rights. And this platform was made possible and stronger not through the power that flowed through the barrel of an AK-47 or a T-56, but by the sheer hard and dedicated work of individual human rights activists. At great risk and cost to themselves, they Collected, Collated and documented Volumes upon Volumes of human rights abuses in Sri Lanka. Some Constituted themselves into Citizens Committees which became the only body to which the suffering and helpless Ordinary people could turn to Complain and seek assistance. It is to this rare category of individuals that Rey. Fr. Chandra Fernando belonged until he was brutally and callously gunned down reportedly by two Tamil gunmen within the precincts of his own church. The enduring testimony to this priest's contribution was the many thousand people who came to pay their last respects at his funeral. Their presence also constituted a testimony of condemnation and disgust with which they viewed this cowardly murder.
Now comes the tragic news of the abduction of another committed human rights activist and a dedicated rehabilitation social worker, Mr. K. Kanthasamy. The selfless and self-effacing Kanthasamy has carried on his work for the last 25 years or so without seeking publicity or position. Having earned the status of persona non grata with the government of Sri Lanka, he arrived in London to become the live Wire and backbone of the Tamil Information Centre. Although he shunned publicity, he was well known among members of the international human rights and humanitarian community. Kanthasamy returned to the island after the Indo-Sri Lanka acCOrd to Continue working for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the lives and livelihood of the Tamil people. But he was seen abducted by a group of Tamil men in Jaffna on 19 June and has not been seen since. His abductors have not yet had the courage to admit responsibility.
The Senseless murder of Rev. Fr. Chandra Fernando and the abduction and disappearance of Mr. Kanthasamy (there have been other cases too) compel the Tamil people to ask themselves some fundamental questions: can the platform of human rights that enabled the Tamil Cause to be advanced remain firm or valid when individual Tamils, dedicated human rights activists at that, are deprived of their most precious of human right, the right to life.

Page 3
JUNE 1988
COOMBONEWS
Southern PC Elections - a Political Defeat
THE recent round of provincial council elections in Sri Lanka, except in the north and east of the country, came to a close on 9 June when voters in the southern province went to the polls which were marked and marred by violence, intimidation and allegations of electoral malpractice including voterigging. The elections for the other six provinces had been completed, on 28 April and 2 June.
The JVP leader Rohana Wijeweera and his staunch henchmen hail from the southern province which, from JVP's inception, has been regarded as its strongest base. The elections in this province provided the setting for the test between the determination of the government to go ahead with its plans for establishing the Provincial Council system and the decision of the JVP to sabotage it.
The orgy of violence unleashed by the JWP prior to and during the 9 June elections ensured the lowest poll ever recorded in the island's history - a mere 27.9 per cent in the whole province. An abysmal 7.5 per cent voter turnout was reached in the Hambantota district. When counting began, it was noted that not a single vote was cast in ten ballot boxes and 16 ballot boxes were counted in just under 23 minutes.
Although the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) had called for a boycott of the elections, it cannot be doubted that the crucial factor contributing to the unprecedented low vote recorded was the campaign of violence unleashed by the JVP on election day and before. Candidates and supporters of the ruling United National Party (UNP) and the opposition United Socialist Alliance (USA) were ruthlessly gunned down in surprise attacks in their homes or as they went about campaigning. Government and security officials were shot. In some areas huge trees had been felled to ensure obstruction of roads. Buses belonging to the state transport board and private vehicles used for campaigning were set ablaze. Party offices and buildings earmarked for polling stations were attacked. Electrical installations were set on fire resulting in a cut to power supply in certain areas. On election day polling booths were stormed and polling officers attacked. Land mines exploded in certain public places striking terror to the hearts of many.
The scene in substantial areas of the southern province was as if a total curfew had been clamped down -
shops and resta vehicles were and very few their homes. O booths manne cials were see
Neither the legitimately cl who failed to cause. Besides and individual the JVP had ing to kill the appeared at p Worse was tha only to those also extended their families. the vote less
Oe,
The govern the security including the paramilitary ( prevent the d enSure a re. Although the efforts preven ment of the
The focus has pects and pr holding of pro in the Tamil-d of the country President Jaya their intentio) towards the e It is underst holding electic dominated the President an Minister, K.C ombo towards And it would
all aSSaCe government til erations woul normalcy to be east of the is undisrupted e July. Many w of the situation doubt that as New Delhi wo ity of an early the IPKF and stallation of a with a reasona in the Tamil a ment would h pects in the í Tamil Nadu.
The reporte on an informa officials and L Nadu, and th present dema composition a cial Councils, LTTE's accept
 

TAM L TIMES 3
aurants remained closed, missing from the roads people ventured out of ne after another, polling d by terror-stricken offin completely deserted.
SLFP nor the JVP can aim that the thousands vote supported their the generalised violence attacks it had launched, put up posters threatena first five persons who Iolling stations to vote. at this threat applied not who actually voted but to all the members of Not that the people love but they feared the gun
ment had mobilised all services at its disposal, army, navy, air force and outfits, in an attempt to isruption of the poll and asonable voter turnout. government's security ted a complete abandonelections, they did not
prove adequate to avoid substantial disruption or ensure a respectable showing in terms of voter turnout. Of the 1,289,000 registered voters, approximately 940,000 did not vote.
As Kendall Hopman of the "Sunday Times' (Colombo, 12 June 1988) put it, 'a military victory, a political defeat, is perhaps the most fitting epitaph for Thursday's provincial council elections in southern Sri Lanka. From a military perspective, the fact that the election was not disrupted was a victory for the government forces. Politically the under 30 per cent voter turnout was an
ignominious show of democracy versus the T-56.
Despite this political defeat, the outcome of the elections was that the UNP, having received only 22 per cent of the registered vote, has captured power in the southern provincial council with 38 seats (including two bonus seats) out of the total of 55 seats, and the USA taking 15 and the indepen
already captured power in the Western and Central Provincial Councils winning 52 and 35 respectively in the elections held on 2 June. Again the USA became the chief opposition force winning 42 and 18 in the respective councils.
Focus on the North and East
now turned on the prosoblems concerning the vincial council elections ominated north and east y. The government and awardene have expressed n to hold the elections nd of July this year. ood that the prospect of ons in the Tamil areas discussions between the d the Indian Defence Pant, who visited Colthe latter part of May. seem that Mr Pant gave on behalf of the Indian hat continued IPKF opd ensure conditions of created in the north and sland adequate to hold lections by the end of ho appreciate the reality h in these areas seriously s a realistic possibility. uld welcome the possibilend to hostilities between the LTTE and the incivilian administration ble return of normal life areas as such a developLelp Congress (II)’s prosorthcoming elections in
d ongoing talks, though ll basis, between Indian TTE stalwarts in Tamil e fact that the LTTE's nds are limited to the id powers of the Provin
are said to represent ance of the concept of the
Provincial Council system of devolution.
However, the Tamil militant groups and the more moderate TULF hold the view that the degree of devolution contemplated through the Provincial Council Law enacted by the government was inadequate and in many respects fall short of the previously agreed proposals. India too is of the same view, but it would appear that New Delhi sympathises with President Jayawardene’s position that negotiations for any further amendments concerning the powers of Provincial Councils could take place after the elections. That scenario is unacceptable to the Tamil groups.
In this context, the two options open are either to postpone the idea of holding elections until agreement is reached with the Tamil militant groups, and the LTTE in particular, or to go ahead with the PC elections without LTTE's agreement but with other Tamil groups participating. The first option is an unfavourable proposition to the government particularly in the context of the political situation in southern Sri Lanka. The continued presence of Indian troops on the island's soil is viewed with hostility amongst the majority Sinhalese, and is a point on which the government's opponents, particularly the SLFP, will score undoubted success. Ideally the government would like to see that the provincial council elections in the north and east are held and out of the way, and the IPKF is in a

Page 4
4 TAM L TIMES
SAVE KANTHASAMs APPEAL
Mr. K. Kanthasamy, an able Human Rights activist, founder-member of the Tamil Refugee Rehabilitation Organisation (TRRO: 1977). Director, Central British Fund for Tamil Refugee Rehabilitation (CBFTRR, London: 1978), and the prime mover in several outstanding ventures such as the Jaffna-based SATURDAY REVIEW (1982). Tamil Information Centres (London, Madras: 1983, Madurai: 1984). Movement for Integration of Refugees and Repatriates (MIRT, Madurai: 1984). Theepam Research Institute (Jaffna: 1980), is known to have been kidnapped by a group of persons from his Jaffna residence on Sunday, June 19. Even after five days, no information is available either about his safety or whereabouts.
The fact that Mr. Kanthasamy is a silent, tireless, self-effacing worker and that he shunned office and publicity does not make us forget the fact that no individual had given so much to the promotion of Human Rights in general and in particular to the alleviation of the sufferings of the Tamil Community as he had done for the past eleven years. At the time of the kidnapping. Mr. Kanthasamy, who had undergone a major heart surgery five years ago, was active in setting up a consortium of Nongovernmental organisations to undertake refugee rehabilitation programmes in North-East Sri-Lanka.
We, the signatories, who have known and appreciated his major contributions and his selfless service, hereby appeal to whoever is responsible for his kidnapping to release him safely so that he can
continue his services. W
that any harm done to hi mbered as an enormo inst society.
1. LORD AVEBURY : man Rights Group, UNI 2. KUMARRUPASINGH al Peace Research II NORWAY 3. JUSTICE. W.R.KRISH Retired Judge of the Sup INDIA
4. NIINAN KOSHIY : Col Churches on Internationa Council of Churches, Gel
LAND 5. WALTER KELLER Bureau, WEST GERMA 6. DUTCH ORGANISA NETHERLANDS F RIGHTS AND DEVELO 7. DESMOND FERN, Rights Movement, Colon 8. NILS SIVERSEN : fugee Council, NORWA 9. N.RAMAMURTHY : { Service, Friends House London UNITED KING) 10, MICHAEL HAWKES UNITED KINGOOM 11. JOB FEENEY : TF
LAND 12. CHARLES ABEYSE ment for Inter-Racial Ju: ity (MIRJE), SRI LANK 13. VICTOR KARUNAN Geneva SWITZERLAND 14. INTERNATIONAL OF JURISTS, Geneva
OFFENSIVE & TALKS' CONTINUE
“NOAGREEMENT YET" SAYS LTTE
The seven week offensive against the LTTE, in which an estimated 15,000 troops of the IPKF have been involved, in the Vavuniya and Mullaitivu districts in northern Sri Lanka is reported to be continuing with casualties on both sides.
Newspaper reports about the LTTE leader, V. Prabhakaran, and his deputy, Mahendrarajah (Mahathaya) being surrounded and trapped and their imminent capture by the IPKF would appear to have been exaggerated. Some accounts said that, although trapped at one stage, Prabhakaran known to be moving around freely under several disguises has given the slip to the IPKF.
The offensive and the reported attempt to capture the LTTE leader sparked off many demonstrations in Tamil Nadu where posters appeared saying, "If Prabhakaran is killed, Tamil Nadu will erupt like a volcano'.
Even as the IPKF offensive was continuing, there was confirmation about continuing negotiations between officials of the Indian Research and
Analysis Wing (RAW) leaders in Madras. The came to an abrupt end when one of LTTE's me was shot dead by the IF Vavuniya where he h mission initiated by In establish contact with Anand Narain, RAW portedly made several Nadu last month to oing negotiations.
A Reuter report da stated that, India and close to an agreement year conflict... and only points remained to b lengthy talks with Inc
In a press release, that the Indian gover reached an agreement on the issue of a ce informal talks have between its represer Krishnakumar (Kittu) cials. The statement that the story of an been purposely release and Sri Lankan govern the peaceful agitation Tamil people against sive and also to appeas ments of the people C The LTTE statemer had made an open com over weapons and co implementation of the agreement, but India the war refusing pleas

Vy
e feel strongly n will be remeLs crime aga
Chairman, Hu"ED KINGDOM E: Internationnstitute, Oslo,
NA YER reme Court
mmission of the l Affairs, World hewa SWITZER
: South Asia Y
N ATION : THE 0 R HUMAN PMENT ANDO : Civil bo SRI LANKA Norwegian Re
Ruaker Peace & , Euston Road, DOM
: Christian Aid,
OCAIRE' IRE
KERA : Movestice and EqualKA
: Pax Ramona,
JUNE 1988
15. W.SURYANARAYAN : Professor, Centre for South and South East Asian Studies, University of Madras, INDIA 16. MARTIN ENNALS : Director, International Alert, UNITED KINGDOM 17. REV.F.R.MICHAEL IDE MORTER : Orions Asian Centre, BELGIUM 18. MARTIN BARBER : Director, Bristish Refugee Council, UNITED
KINGSJOM 19. REW.HAHN: Director, Bread for the World, WEST GERMANY 20. Y.DAVID : President, Samuthuya Samuthaya Iyakkam, Madras, INDIA 21. S.V.PERINPANAYAGAM. : Chairman, Central British Fund for Tamil Refugee Rehabilitation, London, UNITED KINGDOM 22. R. SATHIYAMURTHY VicePresident, National Y.M.C.A. New Delhi,
INDA 23. P.RAJANAYAGAM : President, Standing Committee of Tamils (SCOT) UNITED KINGOOM 24. T.N.GOPALAN : Peoples' Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), Madurai, INDIA 25. CANADAN COUNCIL FOR REFUGEES, CANADA 26. JUSTICE AND RIGHTS : UNITED KINGOOM 27. HENRI TITMAGNE : Organising Secretary, Peoples' Union for Civil Liberties, Tamilnadu, INDIA 28. KSACHITHANANDAN : Non-Violent Direct Action Group, Chavakachcheri, Jaffna, SRI LANKA 29. MAHESWARY VEL AUTHAM : Secretary, Movement for Integration of Refugees and Repatriates (MIRR), Madurai, INDIA former Director, Tamil Information Centre, Madurai, INDIA 30. S.S.IVANAYAGAM: Founder-Editor, SATURDAY REVIEW, Jaffna and for
COMMISSION mer Editor/Director Tamil Information SWITZERLAND & Research Unit, Madras, INDIA
and the LTTE
previous talks Two months ago mbers, Johnny, KFin northern lad gone on a dian officials to Prabhakaran. chief, has retrips to Tamil versee the ong
(elined 16 June the LTTE are o end the five two important decided after ian officials'. the LTTE said nment had not with the LTTE sefire though been going on tatives led by and Indian offifurther alleged agreement had by the Indian ments to divert aunched by the he IPKF offenaroused senti* Tamil Nadu. t added that it hitment to hand operate in the Indo-Sri Lanka was continuing for a ceasefsire.
TAM TIMES
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Page 5
JUNE 1988
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL ON
RIGHTS VOLATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER THE INDO-SF
ACCORD
DETENTION, TORTU DSAPPEARANCE CONTINUE IN SRI LA
Human rights abuses, including arbitrary detentions, disappearances and torture continue to be reported in Sri Lanka, the world-wide human rights body, the Amnesty International said in a report released on 21 June.
While the report notes that there was a reduction in the scale of human rights abuses in the north and east of the country following the July 1987 IndoSri Lanka Agreement, Amnesty International states that, since the beginning of hostilities between the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) stationed in the Tamil areas and the LTTE, it has received reports alleging that members of the IPKF have been responsible for rape and other acts of brutality including killing of unarmed civilians in reprisal. It also received reports of "disappearance' of persons belonging to the Tamil community after having been taken into custody by the IPKF.
The AI report further reflects a dramatic increase in human rights abuses in the south of the island where hundreds of men and women belonging to the Sinhalese community have been arrested and detained for alleged connection with the Peoples Liberation Front (JVP) - the proscription of which was recently lifted - which has been accused of acts of violence including the killing of government officials and others who support the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement. There have been disturbing reports of many 'disappearances' among those taken into custody from this group.
Amnesty International has expressed concern at the refusal of the Sri Lankan government to permit an AI mission to visit the island although its President had previously given an assurance that such a mission would be permitted in the course of an interview with the BBC broadcast in February this year.
685 DSAPPEARANCES
The AI report states that the Sri Lankan security forces were responsible for the 'disappearance' of 685 persons belonging to the island's Tamil community between 1983 and July 1987 and, having listed the names and other details of all 685 cases, states that none of the victims have been accounted for by the government despite the fact that the United Nations Working Group on disappearances had called for explanation from the government of Sri Lanka.
The AI states that there is evidence that many of the 'disappeared' had been tortured while they were held
incommunicado shot dead and t in secret.
Among the m oners released ir the signing of Accord, Amnes also documented which the victim prolonged tort forces. Some of have submitted they had also w other detainee Several released fied that they ha bodies of detaine Task Force (ST
been present wł
died in custody.
DEATHS IN
One released de in June, he was Tirukovil when brought in with face, chest and th walk or eat foc tainees that he h and pickaxes, h. sand and had ha with needles. H camp in late Jun to see him. On tainees were or which firewood a Several detainee tortured man be police comman heard and them were told that ' Another detai: provisions of agreement swor seven months of dead bodies of men brought as at Akkairaipatt man arrested in detention were d charge of the ST and fellow detai fellow detainees taken to a place ter house whe tortured, after w rate from other two others. On detainees in th being fired fron this, one detain taken food to t their cell stated take food for ol also said he as:

TAM L TIMES 5
LANKA
RE & ES NIKA
and others had been heir bodies disposed of
any thousands of prisan amnesty following
the Indo-Sri Lanka ty International has
a number of cases in shad been subjected to ure by the security he released detainees sworn testimony that itnessed the deaths of s following torture.
prisoners have testiad been forced to bury es shot by the Special F) and that they had len tortured prisoners
CUSTODY
tainee described how, } in the STF camp at another detainee was multiple injuries on his highs; he was unable to d. He told other dehad been hit with clubs ad been buried in hot ad his genitals pricked is mother visited the Le, but was not allowed 28 June, fellow dedered to dig a pit to nd tyres were brought. es saw the body of the ing taken to the pit by dos. Gunshots were en who had dug the pit three had been shot'. nee released under the the Indo-Sri Lankan e that during the first 1987 he had burnt the 25 youths whom STF suspects to their camp u. One of them was a June whose arrest and enied by the officer-inF camp where relatives nees saw him. In June saw how this man was nicknamed "the slaughre he was apparently hich he was kept sepadetainees in a cell with the night of 2 July, he camp heard shots in the backyard. After ee, who had previously he three detainees in that he had been told to nly two. This detainee sisted the next day in
taking the fingerprints of four bodies, one of whom he identified as that of the detainee who had previously been held in the separate cell. All four bodies bore gunshot wounds. That evening, detainees were ordered to carry firewood, coconut husks and tyres to a place where after dark the four bodies were seen carried for burning.
TORTURE, A ROUTINE
The sworn testimony, the photographic and medical evidence produced by AI establishes beyond doubt that detainees were subjected to torture as a matter of routine. Nearly all those who testified after release gave detailed accounts of repeated prolonged torture by security service personnel, especially the STF in the eastern province which confirmed evidence previously received by AI. Many of them bore marks of torture. One of them had marks all over the body of severe burns consistent with his allegations that melted foam rubber was made to drip on his body. Another released detainee described how he had been beaten while being suspended from his thumbs tied behind his back, and was made to inhale fumes from a pot of burning coal which was later placed on various sensitive parts of his body. This man, who, to Amnesty International's knowledge, was never charged with any offence, suffered severe burns and said that he was unable to walk and work effectively, complaining of frequent headaches and an inability to concentrate. Many others complained of aftereffects and physical and mental disabilities, resulting in their inability to work.
The AI report also notes that, despite the fact that the July 1987 Indo-Sri Lanka agreement provided for release of detainees, over 800 Tamils continue to remain in detention without trial under the Prevention of Terrorism Act and the country's Public Security Emergency Regulations.
VIOLATIONS IN THE SOUTH
The AI report states that during 1987 hundreds of members belonging to the Sinhalese community were reported to have been arrested and detained without charge or trial under Emergency Regulations which provide for indefinite detention.
In May 1987, according to the police, 500 members of the proscribed JVP were arrested and held under the Emergency Regulations. Many were arrested for putting up posters or painting slogans. That same month, the Chief Justice granted compensation to three men whom the Supreme Court ruled had been illegally detained by the police in connection with the alleged distribution of pamphlets (Emergency Regulation 28 requires that prior permission must be obtained from the Inspector General of Police to display posters or distribute leaflets.) The Court observed that ER 28 gives the Police absolute discretionary power to control the right of citizens to exercise their right of expression . . . It is

Page 6
6 TAM L TIMES
unconstitutionally overbroad. It strikes at the foundation of the fundamental rights of speech and expression by subjecting it to prior permission. Hence that Regulation is invalid and cannot form the basis of an offence in law'. But arrests continued to be made under these and other provisions of the ER. (ER 28 has since been amended: although the prohibition to publish or distribute posters considered to be prejudicial to public security interests remains, prior permission from the Inspector General of Police is no longer required for publication).
After the signing of the July accord, many more arrests were made under the ER, especially among people alleged to be members or supporters of the JVP and the Deshapremi Janata Viyaparaya (People's Patriotic Movement (DJJV), with which the JVP is closely linked. Both parties strongly opposed the peace accord. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party and the Communist Party issued a statement saying some of their supporters had been arrested and denying that they were involved in the violence which occurred after the signing of the accord.
By mid-August 2,000 arrests had re
portedly been made, apparently under the ER, in the south sincethesigning of the accord, and although many detainees were later released, hundreds of alleged JVP supporters continued to be held on suspicion of opposing the accord, giving classes about the JVP, possessing explosives or participating in acts of violence. In October the government announced that persons held under the ER without" positive evidence of the commission of any offence would be released, but added that this would not apply to members of proscribed organizations' such as the JVP. The President was reported to have stated in December that members of the JVP had to be eliminated and offered the security forces immunity from prosecution for any action taken in combat.
DISAPPEARANCES
IN THE SOUTH
Arrests in the south were made by the police and after July, by the Special Task Force, a paramilitary group earlier based in eastern Sri Lanka where it had been accused of serious human rights violations. After the July accord many STF members were stationed in the south, especially in areas where the JVP is believed to be active. Many of those arrested were reportedly held in police stations for months without being brought before a magistrate. Family members, including wives and aged parents, were reportedly arrested if the police could not find the wanted person; relatives were often not informed about arrests or places of detention and were often unable to establish detainees' whereabouts, at least during the initial detention period.
Scores of Sinhalese men arrested have "disappeared' while the security forces either denied knowledge of their arrest or whereabouts or said they had been released. The three instances cited in the AI report are typical of the
many cases of disa Ariyasena, aged 30, so of Kahawatte village
Lanka was taken ir
November 1987 at brother, Dayaratne ag in search of his arrest also taken into custod wards. The security for any knowledge of the (2) Leslie Ranasingh Ruhuna University w Talawa on 21 Octobe 4.30 pm. His father vi while in detention, bu occasion he was told th released but never retu his whereabouts are stil S.Wannigama, a lectur na University and rep pathiser of the JVP was Mideniya police in th district on 13 Novembe whereabouts remain a security forces deny th arrested.
WIOLATO BY THE
After its forces had ent the IPKF faced increa human rights violation it started its military arm the LTTE. Many tions were made by the most could not be subs hard to have corrobora dent observers. Never first hand and indep became available of su particular, members of accused of raping Tam deliberately killing doz Tamil civilians, amon people, women and though Indian Governn said that those killed w the LTTE or civilians killed in 'crossfire', ev. that in several cases t non-combatant civilis: shot without provocatio for the killing of IPK LTTE. No such compla against the IPKF, h their most recent milit February, when they c jor search operation for in Batticaloa.
For example, on the October Indian comma by helicopter to captur near Jaffna Univers Kokuvil, two miles fro) course of a major India. tion launched to obtai Jaffna peninsula frc Twenty-nine Indian col reported shot dead by several others fled and an estimated 40 non-c civilians living in the a the victims said that soldiers took refuge in and shot inhabitants range, including wome an elderly couple, shot their homes at Pira Kokuvil. Allegations that India ately killed non-com

JUNE 1988
pearances: (1) n of B.G.Siothis in south Sri to custody in Beliatte. His 2d 24 who went ed brother was
y shortly after
ces have denied r whereabouts; , aged 30, of as arrested at r 1987 around sited him twice it on the third at he had been Irned home and not known; (3) er at the RuhuKortedly a symarrested by the Le Hambantota »r 1987, but his mystery as the at he was ever
tered Sri Lanka sing charges of is, notably after pffensive to disof these allegaLTTE itself and tantiated, being ted by indepentheless, several endent reports ch violations. In the IPKF were til women and of ens of unarmed g them elderly children. Even ment spokesmen rere members of
who had been idence mounted he victims were ins apparently in or in repraisal (F men by the ints were made owever, during ary operation in onducted a maLTTE members
night of 12/13 indos descended e an LTTE base ity campus at m Jaffna, in the n military operan control of the om the LTTE. mmandoes were the LTTE, but allegedly killed Jombatant Tamil rea. Relatives of , several IPKF nearby houses at point blank in, children and on 13 October in impaday Lane,
n forces deliberbatant civilians
were also made in the Indian press. On 27 October, for example, Indian forces launched their first aerial attack on the LTTE stronghold of Chavakachcheri. An Indian journalist present in the area reported that the IPKF had deliberately struck at civilian targets. At least 20 civilians were reported killed and witnesses were reported as saying
... that many of the victims were non
combatant civilians shot at the local market.
In eastern Sri Lanka Tamils as well as Muslims were alleged to be victims of such indiscriminate or repraisal killings. In many cases, there were conflicting reports about the nature of these killings and who carried them out and specific allegations were difficult to confirm because of denial of access to outsiders. For example, the local citizens committee was denied access to the village of Kaluwanchikudy, 16 miles south of Batticaloa, to investigate allegations that 14 civilians had been killed in reprisal by the IPKF after four IPKF solidiers had been killed on 23 October in a landmine explosion. An Indian Government spokesmen claimed that only three people had been killed, and in fighting, not as a measure of reprisal. But an independent observer present in the village said that Indian soldiers had got out of control, and that civilians had been killed as a result.
The Indian Government assumed responsibility for one of these alleged extrajudicial killings: on 22 November it court-martialled a soldier who had the previous day killed two Muslims and wounded five others when he fired on a crowd near the Trincomalee clocktower. The Sri Lanka Government has been investigating conflicting reports of another incident in which at least 25 Muslim civilians were shot dead in the eastern village of Ottamawadi on 2 December. The IPKF maintained that victims were killed in crossfire, but residents said villagers were indiscriminately killed after nine Indian soldiers had been killed in an LTTE ambush. To Amnesty International's knowledge, this is the only instance of a Sri Lankan Government investigation into IPKF activities. And in no instance, it seems, has an impartial body attempted to carry out investigations into these and other alleged IPKF killings.
WOMEN RAPED
There have also been an increasing number of allegations that lower ranking IPKF personnel had raped Tamil women. Several dozen Tamil women, some of whom needed hospital treatment, have testified on oath that they were raped by IPKF personnel, for example in Kondavil East in the north and in Sathurkodanan and Morakkadanchenai villages in eastern Sri Lanka. Several of these allegations have been investigated by the IPKF itself, although the Indian Government continued to deny any such charges. But in December 1987 a local magistrate reportedly found the IPKF responsible for seven cases of rape. In
(contd. on page 7)

Page 7
JUNE 1988
MADRAS NEWSLETTER
by Arjuna
ISOPPRESSION INFEC
If anyone likes to know the answer as to how this vast democracy called India with its swarming population of 800 millions nearly half of which live below the poverty line keeps ticking, a part of the answer was provided by the distinguished economist and former U.S. envoy to India, John Kenneth Galbraith. He described the country as 'a functioning anarchy' But that of course is not an explanation; it is only an accurate description. So how does this "anarchy' "function'? One way it does is through a huge, mindless, thoughtless, insensate bureaucracy that has an octopus-like grip on the lives of the people and keeps the country going. Someone on the top, in Delhi, presses a policy button, and a clumsy set of officials take over the entire works. An inanimate machinery is set in motion, which mows down everything on the way - democratic rights, fundamental rights, human rights of every description, and ultimately when the damage is done, both to the system and the image of the country, no one becomes responsible, and not many seem to care.
Why these profound thoughts about India, you might ask? It is because the Sri Lankan Tamils who have sought refuge in this country, and who thought they were escaping from governmental oppression in their own country, are now getting a taste of it here. Various pinpricks, pressure moves and acts of open discrimination
(cont. from page 6)
January 1988, moreover, four Indian soldiers were discharged and sentenced by an Indian court martial to one year's imprisonment for raping Tamil women. Amnesty International also has been receiving reports of 'disappearances' of some Tamils taken into custody by the IPKF. AI has documented four such typical cases, all occurring in the northern Jaffna district in which young Tamil men reportedly arrested by the IPKF between November 1987 and February 1988 have 'disappeared'. The four persons concerned are: S.Varatharajah, aged 36, of Nallur arrested on 16 November 1987; M.Baburaj, aged 14, of Valvettiturai arrested on 16 November 1987; A.Thandauthapani, aged 40, of Vaddukoddai arrested on 8 January 1988; and N.Kirupakaran, aged 19, of Urelu arrested on 23 February 1988. In all these cases, the IPKF had confirmed the detention saying that they would be released after investigation. But the relatives have been unable to establish their fate or whereabouts, and it is feared that they might have died while in custody.
(A summarised review of Reports of Torture and Killings in Custody and Recent Allegations of "Disappearances" by Amnesty International released on 21 June 1988 prepared by the HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (SCOT)
are being emplo get back to Sri these is an ord Secretary to the Ministry of Hon of Internal Secu 22.3.88, which opportunities to Lankan Tamil schools, colleges versities. Unde students in scl should get back will be allowed t year until they who have com given admissior ties and polytec no new admissio students in coll sities. (5) Thos colleges and uni to complete the salt into the v further to say - sion of the st subject to the rents of such ch on staying back of completion of their wards'. (e The implicati many: (1) For denying facilitic to Sri Lankan thereby ending for over a hun graduate of the a Jaffna Tamil llai. (2) India is ] try and only c( shut out Sri Lar; The order specif Lankan Tamil the Sinhalese na humiliated the by attempting rifle butt is free has any and if Indian school ( these are a cons lanka Agreem India can clair was meant to
The order a Nadu state gov concluding para you could pleas number of stud in various scho stitutions in thi break-up there recognition for obtained by the cational institu teris being tak External Affair of Sri Lanka. W and when a dec example of put horse. One wo sensible step W due recognitior cates with the

TAM L TIMES 7
TIOUS?
ved to ensure that they Lanka. The latest of er made by the Joint Government of India, e Affairs, Department (rity New Delhi, dated shuts out educational a vast section of Sri students in Indian , polytechnics and unithis order - (1) All hools below Class XI (2) Those in Class XI o continue for one more omplete XII. (3) Those leted XII will not be to colleges, universihnics. (4) There will be ns to Sri Lankan Tamil ages, schools or univere who are already in versities will be allowed ir courses. As if to rub yound, the order goes - However, the extenudent visas would be condition that the paildren would not insist in India on the pretext the respective courses of mphasis ours)! ions of this order are the first time, India is es for higher education Tamil students, and a tradition that existed hdred years. The first Madras University was - Carol Viswanathapilprobably the first counpuntry in the world to kan Tamil students. (3) ically shuts out only Sri students. For example, aval rating who publicly Indian Prime Minister o bash his neck with a to admit his child (if he he is interested) to an or university (4) If all sequence of the Indo-Sri ent, one wonders how in that the Agreement benefit the Tamils! ddressed to the Tamil vernment states in the a: "I shall be grateful if e let us know the total lents who are studying pls/colleges/technical ine states, giving detailed of. For obtaining due the certificates/degrees ese students in the edutions in India, the maten up by the Ministry of 's with the Government Ie shall let you know as ision is taken'. A classic ting the cart before the uld have thought the Tould be to first obtain to Indian pass certifiSri Lanka government
and thereafter call upon the Tamil students to get back.
Several protests and appeals have been made over this order, by various organisations and individuals, but until the first week of June there has been no official response. The Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union in New Delhi has also joined in the appeals. But an Indian politician who took up the matter personally with officials concerned had an amazing experience - they appeared to be only vaguely aware of the order itself, and ignorant of its implications!
Meanwhile, visas have yet to be extended beyond June. But the pressures countinue. Late last year all Sri Lankan Tamils living outside camps were called upon to register themselves (under the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement). These included those on tourist visas. There was no talk of repatriation, only registration. The deadline fixed was December 31, 1987. Very few responded. The deadline was extended to February 29, 1988. Knowing how the Indian official mind works, and rightly suspecting that it was a trap to send them back, the majority did not respond even then. Veiled threats were made by some busybodies at certain official levels and the deadline was further extended to May 31. We are informed that up to now, only a quarter of the expected numbers have their names and addresses on the refugee register, not more than 15,000 out of a possible 60,000. The ones who thought that they would abide by the rules and registered themselves now regret their "foolishness'; they are being summoned through Radio and Television to report at the Mandapam camp - to be repatriated to Sri Lanka. The 45,000 who decided to defy the order are under no pressure whatever; privately, they chuckle and say that in India it is foolish to try to be upright. Greasing palms is the accepted method of solving problems
Talking of pressure, on the night of May 25, the Tamil news reader over the country's TV came out with a rude announcement. All Sri Lankan Tamils who had registered themselves should report at Mandapam camp before May 28, the announcement said, failing which stern action will be taken against them! Now imagine families in Madras with school and college going children, living in rented houses and flats, having paid advance deposits ranging from Rs.5000/- to Rs.10,000/- which advances vilnot bereturnedexceptvitha minimum of one month’s notice, abandoning home, advance, furniture, education and setting forth on a 12hour journey to Mandapam camp! And onwards to Jaffna where they might not have a house to move into! If that announcement was not an example of crass insensitivity on the part of some bureaucrat, what else was it? Was it a show of hostility?
What are the facts relating to the Sri Lankan Tamil refugee presence in Tamil Nadu in India? The influx began soon after the July-August 1983 massacres, the then government of India under Mrs.Indira Gandhi opened both doors to the fleeting Tamils - the front

Page 8
8 TAM IL TIMES
door via the airport and the back door via illegal country boats. The total number of refugees amounted to no more than one lakh and thirty thousand - in a State that has a population of over 55 million. The camp refugees were in a minority, a mere 30,000, housed in about 160 camps, mostly cyclone shelters meant for temporary use. The majority of one lakh persons were mostly those permitted to remain in the country on periodically extended tourist visas and a smaller number who came across the Palk Strait either in the then functioning Talaimannar-Rameswaram ferry boat or in hired boats, but living outside the camps and self-supporting.
Practically all the middle class families renting out houses and flats, and sending their children to Indian schools, colleges, universities and technical institutes in Madras, Madurai, Trichy, Coimbatore and other places are foreign exchange earners. They were not only not a burden on the Indian government; every paise of the money they received went to enrich that segment of society of which they became a part - the high-fee levying schools, the Postal Department, the banks, the house and flat owners, the grocer, the vegetable seller, the house broker, the autorickshaw man, many of whom even learnt to exploit the "Ceylon people'. A family in search of a house, having to overcome local prejudices against letting out houses to Ceylonese, and with no local contacts, is thrown at the mercy of unscrupulous house brokers who jack the rates to their own benefit (a month's rent as brokerage)
and the benefit of the Lankan Tamil refugees these, and anyway the They were prepared to their lives with money tion for their childrer from bombing and sh sions.
Today, as in early position is: there are no except two, the main on and the other at Kot Trichy district. All M have left; in fact about left on their own, betw of the Indo-Sri Lanka the IPKF operations ir about 7500 camp re those from Trincoma Batticaloa and elsewh Outside the camps appear to have left on t the 10 weeks of peace in following the Accord, leaving for foreign cou December '87 and no authorities have sent Talaimannar or to Kar out 15,000 persons, am about 2000 non-camp J Every Saturday a ship leave for Kankesantu Wednesday another or nar. The KKS ship ha take 1500, but the prepared to run it if gi of 300 passengers. Bu one scheduled for Sat June did not leave, be ren’t sufficient number So what does the Sr. refugee presence in In
IPKFSOLDIER RELEASED BY
Lance Naik Dilip Bali Shagakar, a soldier belonging to the Indian Peace Keeping Force operating in Sri Lanka, was released by the LTTE on May 13. The LTTE announced in Madras on May 11 that it was willing to release the Indian solider because of its love and respect for the people of India. The 26-year-old Shagakar, of the Army Service Corps, was captured by the Tigers on March 6 at Nellukulam village in Vavuniya district during a clash between the IPKF and the LTTE.
The handing over of the soldier was a brief and starkly simple affair, with no speeches - in an open field about a couple of hundred metres from a hamlet called Sastrikoolankulam, 5 km from Vavuniya town.
Earlier, in the morning, the IPKF had flown in five journalists from Madras to Vavuniya and the Sri Lankan Air Force had brought six journalists from Colombo. Three journalists from Vavuniya town also covered the event. To facilitate the coordination between the Madras-based LTTE representatives and those in Vavuniya, the IPKF flew in two middle-level LTTE members from: Madras - Castro and Visu, both in their twenties. Soon after their arrival in Vavuniya, Castro and Visu established contact with the local LTTE leadership for the release of Shagakar.
A helicopter brought the airfield in Vavuniy designated spot. Three pitched in the field for IPKF, the LTTE and t But there was hardly a as the journalists fell ti the IPKF officials.
Around 1.25 pm ‘an a five Tiger representati the pre-arranged loca cluded, besides Castro, Arjuna and Deepan. W a walkie-talkie, Inpan LTTE flag with the emblem and Deepan all armed with AK-47 ri officials offered them ti and there were discussi time, Castro left for ulam.
Around 2.05 pm, S walking to the designa panied by Castro, Visu the LTTE. He was h Col.P.S.Khanna of the nalists were given a co to take photographs of sed in a lungi and a carried a bag. The ha complete with Dinesh release marked the L respect for the people

JUNE 1988
owner. The Sri did not mind all had no choice. buy PEACE in
buy an educa, and freedom elling and ten
fune 1988, the refugee camps eat Mandapam tapattu in the annar refugees 10,000 of them een the signing Agreement and October. Only fugees remain, lee, Vavuniya,
re. , over 20,000 neir own during h the north-east some of them ntries. Between w, the Indian back either to kesanturai, abong whom were affna residents. is scheduled to (rai and every Le to TalaimanLs a capacity to authorities are ven a minimum t alas, the last urday the 4th cause there wes of passengers. i Lankan Tamil dia mean? Less
than 70,000, as compared to over 25,000 in the Federal Republic of Germany, over 20,000 in France, over 4000 in Switzerland, and probably another 10,000 in other Western countries, such as Holland, Denmark, Norway, United Kingdom etc. While a government like the Canadian had openly shown a human heart, it cannot be said that the German or French governments had shown the kind of hostility towards the Tamil refugees as what "Mother India' does now
Perhaps there is a moral in this. The last straw that led to the growth of youth militancy in Sri Lanka was the restrictions imposed on Tamil students in the field of higher education. It is happening in India now. Are governments imitative? Or is it that the Indian government having taken on the role of the Jayewardene government in suppressing Tamil nationalism (under the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement) now feels impelled to carry on the discriminatory policies that the Sri Lanka governments practised? Governments develop an itch to oppress; as innumerable examples in history have shown, leading to tragic chains of events - Tsarist Russia began oppressing Jews, Hitler continued the pogroms, which ultimately led to the growth of a militant Zionism and the establishment of a Jewish homeland, which itself has become a threat to peace in the region. Oppression anywhere is a threat to people everywhere, because unlike small pox and cholera, oppression is a virulent virus that infects nations
LTTE
reporters from ya town to the tents had been the use of the he press corps. ny use for them O chatting with
dvance party of ives arrived at tion. They inDinesh, Inpan, hile Dinesh had carried the red
yellow Tiger nd Arjuna were es. The IPKF ea and biscuits, ons. After some
Sastrikoolank
Shagakar came ted spot, accom1 and Nawaz of handed over to IPKF.The jouruple of minutes Shagakar, dreswhite shirt. He nding over was saying that the TTE's love and
of India.”
IPΚΡ OPERATION
N VADAMARADCH
The I.P.K.F. imposed a curfew in Vadamaradchi East comprising, Nagarkovil, Thaalaiyadi, Vettillaikerni and Alliyawallai, on the night of 30.4.88.
The curfew was continuous until lifted on 13.5.88. During the first few days, the IPKF discovered a cache of arms and a petrol bowser full with petrol buried underground. This led to IPKF men assaulting residents and torturing youth for information about militants. Shops and 20 schools in the area remained closed. The residents were on the point of starvation. People of neighbouring Valvettiturai township outraged by the ill-treatment of people in Vadamaradchi East took out a procession demonstrating against IPKF harassment in Vadamaradchi East.
The curfew was finally lifted to enable students to sit the Year-6 scholarship examination to be held on 14.5.88. Only a few students presented themselves for the examination. Whereas the people of Vadamaradchi suffered untold miseries at the hands of the Lanka Army during "Operation Liberation' in May, 1987, this year in May the IPKF has taken over the function of tormenting the people of Vadamaradchi.

Page 9
JUNE 1988
Dear Friends
I have lost count of the days I don't know the day or the date
That is what we live
When people die in lots? When you find them Dead like flies - not one, tuvo Left by the roadside In Kopay, in town
In there, over here
Neighbours in their own garden?
For almost a month
And people shit just outside?
With your children, immobile Listening to the sound of boots
Not even a candle you light
household
What else? We have no electricity We have no money
Our workplaces are flattened out We have no functioning hospital No drugs, no fuel
Fear? Now we know of Rape
All of us are scattered
Pain, agony and fear - alluvays fear
I ask you, could you write straight
In Kolkuluil, Rasaueethi, Urumpirai
When you certify death and bury your
Marching up and down your road
The pain, agony andf
I know it's more than a month since the war started You want events, numbers, case histories? Not now please, because my mind is strangled I know it's strange, but, that is what I feel
Left on the hospital corridors, to the elements For the birds and dogs to scavenge?
When people - thousands and thousands Always more than ten thousand are Herded into kovils, churches and schools
When the beautiful sandy precinct of the temple Becomes nothing but one whole shit dump A hell hole with a teeming mass of people When doctors are removing shrapnel and giving drips
If night after night, you lay under the table
For a shadow or even a sound could kill the whole
The majority of the people have hardly any food
I'd like to get together with other women But I know of nobody to get in touch with
The Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) has submitted a memorandum to Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi regarding the Lankan Government's continued policy of creating state aided Sinhala colonies in Tamil areas and its renewed efforts in this direction.
The TULF has also supplied a list of proposed tank-based settlements in Tamil areas where Sinhalese are to be settled and states that arrangements are being made for this purpose. Special legislation is being enacted and statutory bodies hurriedly set up to create the new settlements.
TULF ONC
The TULF ha case of Wellioya. the Mullaitivu Sinhalese have referring to th name Wellioya, the general pub traditional Sin pared by the S bear the Tam (Sandy River) settlement is su lages like Suriyanaaru. T and surroundi

*TAM L TIMES 9
ar of a people trapped
The Indian army is everywhere Walking, in trucks In open vehicles, closed vehicles The Gurkhas are even trying out bicycles And enjoying our livestock Chickens, goats, everything "Came hunting tigers
catching goats now' The people still have their sense of humour
The Gurkhas, the turbanned Sikhs The southern Indians from various states, speaking Tamil Such a diverse people - brought to you Booted, with arms in their hands
Rajiv clearly says, we have gone to Sri Lanka For our nations's goal Our middle classes have always been saying India won't allow Jaffna to be taken Nouv India has taken us Any street you have walked Any building you have been in All have been shelled So thorough is the destruction The Indian army learns how to smash an urban guerilla mOUement Sure to come in handy
On top of all
No one cares for the people The Sri Lankan government, the Indian army Not even the tigers nor the other movements Today we are a trapped people We are made to walk this suicidal trip Our great brave defenders and freedom fighters Dure the enemy
Right to our doorstep To the inside of the hospital
Start a fight
Ignite a landmine Fire from each and every refugee camp Escape to safety And then come the shells whizzing, whizzing Bloody hell
Tigers have withdrawn, while We the sacrificial lambs
Drop dead in lots
15 years of war
And now a hopeless halt Our society has no will to organise It is totally crumbled There isn't a single civilian structure to connect up with The era has demised vith
So much loss
And bitterness all round
Jafna, Nov.18th 1987
OLONISATION'
s also specially cited the Colonisation scheme in District where 25,000 been settled lately. By area by the Sinhala the Government wants lic to believe that it is a hala area. Maps preurvey Department yet l name "Manal-Aaru' or the area. The new rrounded by Tamil vilOthiya malai and amils from Manal-Aaru ng areas were chased
away and a large number massacred by the Lankan Army in Decemebr, 1984. The settlers are exclusively supplied with water from 10 tanks for their new agricultural holdings. The Tamil inhabitants have now to depend on rain for cultivation. The Government's further aim in creating this settlement is also to erect a Sinhala barrier to the contiguity of the Northern and Eastern Provinces. Provincial Councils would have no power to prevent such colonisation. The Lankan Government's recent colonisation efforts amount to a breach of faith on its part.

Page 10
10 TAM L TIMES
FOUR DECADES Ol APARTHEID AND ΑΡΑΤΗΥ
Sachi.Sri Kantha (University of Tokyo
Almost forty years had passed since the presently ruling United National Party bulldozed through the First Parliament of Ceylon, three notorious legislations which deprived the citizenship rights of Tamils of recent Indian origin. These three non-humanistic legislations were: 1. 1948 Citizenship Act, which in effect converted the resident Tamils of recent Indian origin into a stateless minority. 2. 1949 Indian and Pakistani Residents (Citizenship) Act, enacted for the purpose of registering Tamils of Indian origin and Pakistanis as citizens. The administration of this Act deprived citizenship rights of over 95% of the Indian Tamils. 3. 1949 Ceylon (Parliamentary) Election Amendment Act, which deprived voting rights of the resident Tamils of Indian origin. It should be remembered that in the 1947 First Parliamentary elections, eight members representing Indian Tamils (out of a total elected membership of 95) were elected by the plantation workers. Almost all the leading politicians of the First Parliament of Ceylon who had opposed or defended the rights of Indian Tamils in Sri Lanka had died or retired from active politics. However still three veterans (J.R.Jeyewardene, W.Dahanayake and S.Thondaman) are politically active. The irony is that then Jayewardene was in the ruling camp while Dahanayake and Thondaman defended the rights of Indian Tamils. Now, both Dahanayake and Thondaman have accepted Jayewardene's leadership and serve him without much fuss.
Against helotry
The best criticism delivered against the three undemocratic laws was then made by the veteran Trotskyist, Dr.Colvin R.de Silva, whose party also enjoyed the popular support of the Indian Tamils in the 1947 General Electrion. His 1949 pamphlet entitled, "Against helotry' (consisting of two speeches on the Citizenship Bill and the Immigrants and Emigrants Bill) has to be cherished by the human rights activists. But, how do the contemporary Sinhalese historians interpret these drastic infringement of human rights? Historian laureate of UNP, Prof. Kingsley de Silva writes,
"Stephen Senanayake's policies for the transfer of power in the early years of independence were based on his acceptance of the reality of a plural society. He sought the reconciliation of the legitimate interests of the majority and minority ethnic and religious groups within the context of an all-island polity. This held out
the prospect of pea in the vital first pendence...” (refe EAST AND AU 1987, 18th ed, Eu tions, Ltd, p. 908) I can label this my sheer nonsense. Butt is being written th Lankan academics W ruling politicians,
Tamil spl
The passage of th Bills also saw the sp leadership of the in Tamils. S.J.V.Chelva able lieutenant C.Va the Tamil congres G.G.Ponnambalam Federal Party in la nayakam then made ment: “Those who th the neck of Indian Ta the same thing to i tomorrow'. Howevel North and East didn' this prophecy. They mirage of post-indel and the availability English education status. How the ir were indifferent to th Tamils could be seen the 1952 General Federal Party candid leader Chelvanayaka liating defeats in th Vanniasingham (Kopi Rajavarothayam(Tri rate) were elected on The subsequent al which occurred in 1 Chelvanayakam's pr and he was enthrone leader of the Tamil
Indian political ob compared the arbitra laration delivered on to the apartheid syst can government. By racial segregation of first formalized in th Nationalist Party pla the right to vote was of Indian origin who island for nearly a Africa, the right to v non-whites. The diffe South African situat an situation was tha Africa received inte for its racist policy granted a dignified st ing country with i potential'. South Af creasingly ostracized many international Lanka was allowed t bership of same inter tions. Whereas the Sc et team was elimina tional test cricket, cricket team was g.

e and stability hase of inde(, THE FAR STRALASIA uropa Publica
opic view only as nis is how history ese days by Sri ho are slaves to
its e three notorious lit in the political ligenous (Ceylon) nayakam and his Inniasingham left s Party led by and formed the te 1949. Chelvaa prophetic stateust the knife into mils today, will do ndigenous Tamils , the Tamils of t care much about were living in the pendent euphoria of facilities for io enhance their ndigenous Tamils he plight of Indian from the results of Election. Many ates, including the m suffered humiat election. Onlyay electorate) and ncomalee electothe FP platform. nti-Tamil events mid-1950s proved ophecy to be true d as the visionary cause in Ceylon. servers of 1950s ury “stateless” decthe Indian Tamils em of South Africoincidence, the partheid was also e 1948 Afrikaner tform. In Ceylon, denied to citizens had lived in the 'entury. In South ote was demied to rence between the on and Sri Lankt, whereas South national censure Sri Lanka was atus as a “developmuch democratic ica had been inand expelled from bodies but Sri » retain the memnational organizauth African crickted from internathe Sri Lankan 'anted entry into
JUN 988
test match clique. What happened to the impartiality and statesmanship of international political leaders including that of Britain?
It was to the credit of Jawaharlal Nehru that till his death in 1964, he maintained that the Ceylon government should confer citizenship on the Indian Tamils in Sri Lanka. Having grasped the socio-political aspirations and realities of the plantation Tamils, who had settled in Ceylon for more than three generations, Nehru (true statesman that he was) steadfastly refused to enter into any repatriation agreemant with any of the five prime ministers of Ceylon he had to deal with. Nehru, by his majesty and global stature virtually dwarfed the Ceylonese prime ministers between 1948 and 1964. Following the death of Nehru, his successor Lal Bahadur Shastri succumbed to the subtle political pressure exerted by the then Pakistani General Ayub Khan and SLFP leader Sirimavo Bandaranaike. The first repatriation agreement between Ceylon and India (popularly known as Sirimavo-Shastri Pact) was signed by the two prime ministers without consulting the wishes of the entire Indian Tamil population living in the island. According to this lop-sided agreement, India agreed to confer citizenship on 525,000 persons of Indian origin in exchange of conferment of Ceylonese citizenship on 325,000 persons, on the ratio of 7:4. The Sirimavo-Shastri Pact left the status and future of 150,000 persons and their natural increase undecided. A second agreement between Sirimavo Bandaranaike and Indira Gandhi (the then prime ministers of Sri Lanka and India) in January 1974 solved this question whereby Sri Lanka opted to grant citizenship to 75,000 and India to 75,000 persons.
“The beggars”
The Land Reform Act of 1974 caused much turmoil among the Indian Tamil plantation workers. By this Act, the State Plantation Corporation took over 153 tea and tubber plantations covering 165,000 acres. Sociologist Prof. .Nandasena Ratnapala observed in his book, “THE BEGGARS IN SRI LANKA'(1979).
"The nationalisation of estates resulted in throwing out a vast number of workers of Indian origin, some of whom fitted into the role of beggars...The workers of Indian Tamil origin found no place or possessions in the estates. As no immediate relief was found for those thus thrown out, they had no alternative but to sell whatever they had, maintained themselves thereby as long as they could, and as a last resort to come to the nearby towns and start begging thereafter. . . According to Vasudeva Nanayakkara, who himself had represented a plantation electorate, Kiriella, in the 1970-77 Ceylonese parliament,
“. . .The Land Reform in many areas created a new breed of bureaucrats and hardly benefit

Page 11
JUNE 1988
ted the peasantry. The so-called cooperative estates were run by inefficient, untrained SLFP stooges who trampled on practically every right that the estate workers had won (especially those of Tamil workers of recent Indian origin). Many of the skilled workers were thrown out, their places being taken by SLFP stooges. Consequently productivity took a sharp drop.” (source: THE WAY FORWARD FOR SRI LANKA’S LEFT, Sama Samaja Publications, No.2, 1979) Comparative figures of tea and rubber production during the last 25 years reveal the pathetic depletion in productivity. Till 1964, tea, rubber and coconut products accounted for 90% or more of Ceylonese exports. Annual output of tea reached the maximum record harvest of 228.000 metric tons in 1965. It has never been matched since. In 1978, tea, rubber and coconut together contributed about 70% of Sri Lanka's total export earnings. In 1985, the earnings from the exports of these three primary products had fallen to 48% (16,863 million Rs.).
Tilt for UNP
In the 1977 General Election, in nearly 20 electorates, the Indian Tamil vote (amounting to not more than 7% of total vote) tilted in favour of UNP and contributed to the election of at least 25 UNP parliamentarians. Eyen the "Leftfortresses' like Yatiyantota, Ruwanwella, Kalawana, Deraniyagala (Dehiowita) and Deniyaya which had traditionally voted for socialist and communist candidates for 30 years since 1947, turned in favour of the UNP. Thondaman also got elected for the second time in his long career (first in 1947 election; then between 1960 and 1970, he was a nominated MP to look after the interests of the Indian Tamils) as the 3rd MP for Nuwara EliyaMaskeliya electorate. After sitting for one year in the Opposition benches in the parliament as a surviving TULF president, he crossed over to the government ranks to accept a cabinet position with the induction of the Constitution of the Second Republic of Sri Lanka in 1978. Prof.Kingsley de Silva applauds the 1978 Jayewardene's Constitution as follows:
"...Important was the abolition of the distinction between citizens by descent and citizens by registration, such as the Indian Tamils, thus removing the stigma of second-class citizenship attached to the latter. Combined with the lifting, in Dec.1977, of the bar on plantation workers resident on estates, voting in local government elections, which had been in force since the 1930s, this ensured that citizens of Indian origin, in the main plantation workers, were treated on a par with Sri Lankan citizens by descent...” (same source cited above) By emphasizing the so-called merits of the 1978 Constituion, Prof.de Silva had tacitly accepted that the 1946 Soulbury Constitution and the 1972
First Republica Constitution oft ated the Indian' (or is it third ( Jayewardene wa the ruling UNP 1965-70) which bury Constitutio
Tab
ethnic
Sinhal Ceylor Indian Ceylor Malay: Burgh Europa Others
Table 1 shows xion of the ethn in the past 35 Ceylon Tamil a had doubled. (ii. tion had decrea 1953 figures. (ij minorities (Ma "Others') had st decreasing due turation and Feb.1986, the legislation, “Gra Stateless Persor Lanka's much-a aim of this legis) problem of sta months of the da Act'. But still, lians remain st Whereas the 1 Pact stipulated grant citizenship Indian origin, ceived the citiz Lanka after 24y ly 9, 170 persons the snail-speed Sinhalese legisl belonging to both It is not hard to of politicians. If citizenship was c changed the ele strategic 'Sinhal Matale, Nawala Badula) in favc
Derogator
Let us also not nous Tamils al blamed for the p Tamils in Sri La was fashionable Jaffna to have p '(servants) from Derogatory epitl ni’, ‘thotta kaat referring to Inc very common in the high caste eration of indige that they wer ideals and un LTTE “podiyan their fort. Butt Tamils in planta only lip service

TAM L TIMES 11
n (Sirimavo-Colvin) ne island virtually treTamils as second class lass?) paraiahs. And s a cabinet member of
(1947-56 and again ဒုd ratified the Soul
.
caste eradication. The younger generation of Tamils had proved far better in accommodating the Indian Tamils in the common struggle for liberation.
Albert Einstein wrote in 1934: "If we Jews can learn anything from these politically sad times, it is the fact that destiny has bound us together, a fact
le 1: Post-Independent Census Figures of Sri Lanka
groups 1953 1971 1981 eSe 5,616,512 9,131,000 10,986,000 | Tamils 884,703 1,424,000 1,872,000 Tamils 1,021,560 1,175,000 825,000 Moors 463,963 828,000 1,057,000 s 25,464 42,000 43,000 ers & Eurasians 45,950 44,000 38,000
28S 6,508
(Veddhas etc) 33,042 46,000 29,000
Total 8,097,895 12,690,000 14,850,000
the changing compleic groups in Sri Lanka years. (i) Sinhalese, hd Muslim populations Indian Tamil populaised by 19% from the i) Population of other lays, Burghers and abilised or seem to be to emigration, acculaccumulation. In UNP passed another ant of Citizenship to ls Act No.5 in the Sri bused parliament. The lation was to 'solve the telessness within 18 te ofenactment of this nearly 500,000 Tamiateless in Sri Lanka. 964 Sirimavo-Shastri that Sri Lanka will ) to 375,000 persons of only 220,000 had rezenship status in Sri ears; i.e., approximateper year. So much for action taken by the ators and bureaucrats, the SLFP and the UNP. grasp the sinister motive mass-scale granting of 'arried out, it would have ctoral constituencies of ese strongholds” (Kandy, pitiya, Ratnapura, and pur of Indian Tamils.
/ Epithets
forget that the indigeso have to be partly resent plight of Indian nka. Not so long ago, it among the elites in bodiyans' and podichisthe plantation areas. nets such as 'kalla thotaan”, “vadakathaiyan' lian Tamils were also n conversation among Tamils. The older gennous Tamils may boast e following Gandhi's like the present-day s', non-violence was hey treated the Indian tions as 'dirts' and paid to Gandhi's ideals on
which in times of quiet and security, we often so easily and gladly forget. We are accustomed to lay too much emphasis on the differences that divide the Jews of different lands and different religious views. And we forget often that it is the concern of every Jew, when anywhere the Jew is hated and treated unjustly, when politicians with flexible consciences set into motion against us the old prejudices, in order to concoct political schemes at our expense'.
Substitute the word, Tamil for ‘Jew’ in the above passage and then read it again. Einstein's thoughts fits well for the present plight of Tamils too. The enforcement of Indian Citizenship Acts in 1948 and 1949 split the indigenous Tamil leadership into two camps. G.G.Ponnambalam and S.J.V.Chelvanayakam (equally talented legal eagles who complemented each other in charisma, dexterity, political skills and popularity) parted company. And when they joined together in their twilight years in 1976, so much damage had been done not only to the Indian Tamil population, but also to the Tamil cause in general. It is a lesson for the younger generation of Tamil militant leaders too. The old Tamil adage, 'Adampan kodiyum thirandaal midukku” has much practical meaning in it.
Let us also remember that the most famous among those born in the Sri Lankan tea plantations was the late Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, M.G.Ramachandran. If not for his mother's foresight, who took her suffering family to Kumbakonam in 1920, MGR would have foregone his chances for great success in life.
If MGR had been forced to stay in Kandy, what career would he have taken? With perseverence and hard work, he could have become a kanakkapillai (accounts clerk) or an estate school teacher. If lady luck had smiled on him, he could have become a labour leader like Thondaman. One shudders to think how many MGRs could have developed among the Indian Tamil population in Sri Lanka, if proper educational, recreational and health facilities and guidance were at their disposal!

Page 12
12 TAMILTIMES
NEWSABOUT TAML, NADU
Of late, I find that you are giving a certain amount of coverage to events in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. This is most welcome for two reasons.
Firstly, events and developments in the sub-continent have a direct bearing on Sri Lankan affairs and the role of India in them plays an increasingly important part as has been amply demonstrated in the recent past.
Secondly, your journal is called Tamil Times' and not "Sri Lanka Tamil Times'. About 55 million Tamils live in India and I think it should devote adequate space to cover news and views about them to justify its name.
Tamil Times may not have much readership in Tamil Nadu or among Tamils of south Indian origin living abroad. But I hope and wish, given your willingness to broaden spectrum of coverage, Tamil Times could progressively gain wider readership among them too. I wish you all the best.
M. Mathialagan Madras, South India.
TAMIL DOCTORS
AND THE FUTURE?
We thank you for the introduction, that appeared in your valued journal (March '88),of an "Organisation of Tamil Doctors' in the UK. However, on behalf of the Convenors, I must stress that this effort is still in its nascent state and a steering Committee is working on its progress.
Though the factual objectives were well tabulated in your report there was a slight but important deficiency of the emotive content of exercise.
As one of the Convenors, I wish to clarify this, in order to prevent any misconceptions that may surface among our Medical colleagues and other well wishers.
The quest for freedom by the Tamils is, no doubt, of paramount importance. However, lately it is begining to occupy our thoughts to such an extent that we
are in danger of missing all other
aspects that go hand in hand to evolve a successful society.
Education and specially Professional
learning have always been our
strength. This is now beginning to
falter due to:
1) A sharp disruption of our social values. 2) Diversion of our meagre resources to other more urgent needs. 3) A rapid lowering of our Teaching standards due to destruction of our Institutions of learning and poor availability of qualified Teachers.
If we do not stem this trend swiftly,
| READERS FORU
soon we may lose o community which s excellence, in a varie disciplines.
How do we do this We feel that the w the Professionals amo unite in to viable grou further education of a meaningful way.
Doctors do appear t numbers among the ' als in this Country. It can set the pace for brothers in other Pri The birth of this "n was indeed a culm above thoughts.
We feel that our aim course of time, an Inst Professionals, which coordinated fashion Standards and nurt potential of our Com on to the future gen Our cherished drea one day when our lanc long it may take, we v us, the necessary l
Academic ranks who
build an infrastructu land of ours stand sucess in the contem
Medical Inst Ilford Essex IG1 3LL
The great failing of has seemed to me to people with a commo together unitedly to a This has been evident attempts to improve oppressive governmer is all too obvious in th tion of many expatri which, while having titles, achieve little of display the names prominently on their er. It may therefore know that I was heal the formation of ye organisation here in formation of a Tamil tion as reported in y At a time when T Lanka are confused their efforts to help th time when our many tions here seem evel and rudderless, the f an organisation seem us a way of practical helping our people. S tion comprising of which there are all t the U.K., could be on cance to our people. in which the organis service were outlined I would here like to suggestions to add ti
The Tamil areas f qualified consultants
 
 

JUNE 1988
Ir identity, as a ood out for its y of Professional
ay forward is for ng the Tamils to ps that can foster ur youngsters in
be in significant amil Professionmay be that, we the rest of our ofessions. ew” Organisation nation of these
should be, in the itute of the Tamil will function in a to maintain our ure the genetic munity to pass it erations. m shall be, that is born, however vill have amongst Professional and will move in to re to make this proud as a total porary world.
S Mahendran Convenor titute of Tamils
the Tamil people be the inability of In purpose to get chieve their aims. especially in our
our lot against ht in Sri Lanka. It he great proliferaate Tamil groups ; grand, lengthy substance save to of a few people
official letter pap
surprise you to rtened to learn of t another Tamil the U.K.i.e. the Doctor’s Associatour journal. amils outside Sri and helpless in hose at home, at a political organisan more enfeebled ormation of such is, to me, to show ly and effectively Buch an organisaCamil doctors, of ioo many here in he of geat signifiSome of the ways ation could be of in their aims, but make a few more o that list.
ace a lack of both in our major hos
pitals and junior medical personnel in most others. This can be solved only by many of us who have come here for training returning at the end of it, and also by the Jaffna medical faculty regularly graduating well trained young doctors. The Jaffna faculty has therefore a vital role to play in providing the best of medical education and establishing high standards of medical practice. To achieve this, needs modern facilities and teaching staff well acquainted with the latest developments in medicine and surgery. The doctors' association here could be in an excellent position to help in both regards. (a) by helping to raise funds for the purpose of equipment both for teaching purposes and for the hospitals (b) arrange for willing Tamil consultants here to be able to spend 6 months or 1 year sabbaticals in the Tamil areas to teach and help update medical knowledge there. It is cheaper for one Tamil consultant from here to go and train a few junior surgeons there in the latest advances than for all to come here. It is also possible for consultants here to arrange sponsored posts in the U.K. for promising young physicians and surgeons from the Tamil areas. Such arranged postings will also sidestep the requirement for the PLAB examination and enable these doctors to receive a two to four year training period before returning home. (c) this association could also act as a think tank making suggestions as to how improve health facilities and the teaching of medecine at home.
With an imaginative and dedicated programme there is much that an association can do. At a time when our medical institutions and personnel have literally been under attack there
is much that can be done to alleviate
the problem. Why not have an association of Tamil teachers in the UK, of engineers, of accountants and businessmen? These could channel, advise and help directly to aid in the fields of education, development etc. Even in the midst of uncertainty efforts have to be made to help rehabilitate our shattered land. And if such associations could then come under an umbrella body while retaining their independence of action we would be able to provide coherent, coordinated and effective help to our suffering coun
trymen.
Obviously there will be many more suggestions that could be made and implemented. Journals such as yours
would seem an excellent forum to air them.
Dr. D.C.Ambalavanar
Black Notley Hospital Braintree, Essex CM7 8NF
CHANGE OF ADDRESS Please send all Communications to the following new address TAMILTMES P.O. BOX 121 SUTTON, SURREY SM13TD UNITED KINGOOM

Page 13
JUNE 1988
FOR THE RECO
1.
2.
HEADQUARTERS INDIANPEA
FORCE, PALAL
SECRET
AGREEDMINUTES OF DISCUSSIC BETWEEN HIS EXCELLENCY, TI COMMISSIONER OF INDIA, SHRIJN HIS DELEGATION AND MR V PIRAE LEADER OF THE LTTE AND HISDE ON 23, 26 AND 28 SEPTEMBER
A list of those present is at Annexure attached. The High Commissioner informed Mr V Pirabhakaran that President Jayawardene has agreed to establish an Interim Administrative Council for the Northern and Eastern provinces, as per the following composition:- (a) Chief Administrator/Administrator in Council - One of the three persons included in the list submitted by the LTTE to be appointed.
(i) LTTE - 5
(ii) TULF -2 (iii) Muslims -2
(to include one nominee of LTTE)
(iv) Sinhalese - 2
Total - 12
... Mr Pirabhakaran agreed to the
composition of the Interim Administrative Council as indicated above.
. The High Commissioner Shri JN
Dixit informed Mr V Pirabhakaran that President Jayawardene had agreed to delegate his executive powers, as envisaged in paras 10.1 and 10.2 of the Bangalore proposals to the Administratorin Council during the interim period ie, till elections to the provincial councils are held.
. The Administrator in Council would
accordingly be responsible for the maintenance of Law and Order and other responsibilities as outlined in the relevant paragraphs.
. It was agreed that the establish
ment of an Interim Administration would facilitate the fulfilment of the five demands put forward by the LTTE in its resolution conveyed on 13 Sep 87 to the High Commissioner.
... Mr Pirabhakaran said that the
LTTE would fully cooperate in the implementation of the Indo-Sri Lanka agreement subject to assurances given to him by the Prime Minister of India in July 1987.
... Mr Pirabhakaran said that the
LTTE would surrender the remaining arms ie, other than the person-al arms for the security of their leaders once condition of security for their leaders and cadres are created.
. Mr Pirabhakaran agreed that the
LTTE will cooperate fully and ensure smooth functioning of all
aspects of tion, includ police force 10. Mr Pirab
and fair e council w LT"TE Wi process. 11. High Com Mr Pirab LTTE a media wo criticism. 12. In view of reached ol Sri Lan
Oce Interim within 48 the Agre 13. It was als
ments of formally points of 14. Upon thi would ma out the w and fastir
Signed (Ms PURI ) ( First Secreta
HIGH COM COLOMBO
28 September
TRAIN
RC
An unidentifi held up the C. train on 11 J Kurunegala p passengers of valuables.
The men a knives had sw when it halte way station a on a looting sp threatened an their valuable at the station cause of the
Any passen sistence was r who fled the arrived.
 

TAMIL TIMES 13
CE KEEPING
ONS HELD HE HIGH I DIXIT AND BHAKARAN, LEGATION R 1987
the civil administristraing the functioning of the
nakaran agreed that free lections to the provincial ill be held and that the Il cooperate fully in the
missioner Shri Dixit and hakaran agreed that the hd the Indian Official ould desist from mutual
f agreement having been n Paras 2 to 11 above, the ka Government will the establishment of the Administrative Council hours of the signing of ed Minutes. o agreed that the GovernIndia and Sri Lanka will announce the salient the above agreement. s being done, the LTTE ke an announcement abithdrawal of its agitation ng unto death campaigns.
Signed KMAHENDRA RAJA) ty (Political)
DY Leader LTTE MISSION OF INDA
1987 28 September 1987
PASSENGERS
DBBED
ed gang of armed men olombo bound Yarl Devi” une at Ganewatte in the olice division and robbed cash, jewellery and other
armed with pistols and fooped down on the train d at the Ganewatte railround 5.30 pm and gone ree. Passengers had been d ordered to hand over all s. The train was delayed for over two hours behold-up.
ger who showed any re
oughed up by the raiders scene before the police
WHITE FLAG PROTEST
The call by Jaffna Municipal Commissioner, C.W.K.Sivagnanam, to fly white flags on June 15 as a demonstration to those who are presently engaged in armed hostilities has received widespread support in the north and east of Sri Lanka.
The main demands behind this white flag demonstration are: (a) an end to armed hostilities between the IPKF and the LTTE; (b) resumption of negotiations between the LTTE and India; and (c) restoration of peace.
In a statement issued, Mr.Sivagnanam said that the Tamil people have suffered enormously for a long time and they are yearning for peace and the whole country and the world should know this.
Mr.Sivagnanam said that the flying of the flag by the people would be a reminder to those who are presently engaged in hostilities to down arms and declare a ceasefire. It was not a 'hartal' or a protest action. It only meant peace and encouraging ways to achieve it. Transport, schools and work in government and private establishments would not be interrupted and would function normally. Shops would open. People would hoist white flags in their homes, on their vehicles and carry the flag wherever they moved, Mr.Sivagnanam added.
JAFFNABOUND BUSESBURNT
On the night of 4/5th May, 1988 two buses and a minibus plying between Colombo and Jaffna transporting passengers were burnt. The first one was burnt after the passengers, all bound to Jaffna, were asked to alight at a point 17 kilometers off Puttalam on the Puttalam — Anuradhapura road. The
, second bus also bound to Jaffna was
burnt within sight of the Lankan Army camp at Iraperiyakulam on the Anuradhapura — Vavuniya road. The mini bus also bound to Jaffna was burnt on the same road.
MILITARY BUILD-UP
CONTINUES
Militarism is on the march yet in Sri Lanka. About 2000 men will be recruited each year for the army according to military sources, 100 armed Sea and Coast-Guards have been appointed to Trincomalee and Puttalam. Arms withdrawn from Home Guards in the Amparai District will be returned to them. They will be known as Corps Protection Officers. 400 Home Guards have been appointed to protect Sinhala villagers in the Vavuniya District according to "The Sun' of 12.5.88. The Special Task Force (Commandos) strength is to be raised to 5000 from the present strength of 2300 men. - Island . 7.5.88. く

Page 14
14 TAMILTIMES
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Page 15
JUNE 1988
COMMENTARY
MURDEROFFR. CHANDRAFERNANDC
The funeral of Rev. Fr. Chandra Fernando was a moving event. The people of Batticaloa attended in large numbers. The pamphlet distributed by the EROS titled “Are you a Brutus” was well received. The death of the priest is the first of its kind to occur after the Accord. Earlier during the conflict between the Sri Lankan forces and the Tamil groups Catholic priests like Fr. Mary Bastian of Wankalai and Bro. Wenceslaus of Tholakatty have been killed. Priests like Frs. Singarayer and Sinnarasa have been arrested. The killing of Fr. Chandra was the first murder of a Catholic priest in the internecine warfare among the Tamil groups.
Fr. Chandra did yeoman service to the people of Batticaloa in his capacity as Joint Secretary of the Citizens Committee, earlier as Joint Secretary and later as President. Of the many incidents that occurred people recall with gratitude and admiration his performance during the ceasefire-monitoring panel sittings in Batticaloa, the Kokkaticholai massacre, and the Indian army killings in Valaichanai and Kumburumoolai. The man who had the courage to stand up to the might of the Sri Lankan and Indian states in the interests of his people has been gunned down by a section of his own people. Various reasons are adduced for the killing. The chief one is the allegation spread by interested parties that Fr. Chandra was a Tiger supporter. Earlier his brother, the president of a Batticaloa trade union federation, was detained by the Indian Army for a long time.
When elections to the Batticaloa Citizens Committee occurred last time, the LTTE allegedly interfered and saw to it that the new administration comprised people who were not hostile to the LTTE. Fr. Chandra was among those re-elected. Later when the Indian army had flushed the Tigers away from Batticaloa, other Tamil groups reemerged. The TELO, EPRLF and ENDLF began functioning openly in Batticaloa. Thanks to the benevolent patronage of the Indian forces in return for services rendered by 'singing information about LTTE, those groups walked freely in the land of the singing fish.
The EPRLF put pressure on the Citizens Committee to dissolve itself. When asked the reason, the EPRLF said that the Citizens Committee was not truely representative of the people and was a Tiger appendage. They had no objection to a genuinely independent people oriented Citizens Committee, the EPRLF Said. Fr. Chandra resisted pressures and continued to function until his death.
Before that rumours were spread that "Tigers' were being kept hidden in the Bishop's House by Fr. Chandra and another priest. When a Colombo-based
foreign corre vealed the 's the stories to pillai, the an rung up the
So now Fl EPRLF has condemning responsible f one point. “W Tigers, which ing all those practice, peo are not ordin have some s service to the are the peop opinion and dangerous. W when this pro ity will be de men with a independints In this con plight of Mr. was Joint S Committee w an abortive made by “Po Thambimuttu Colombo for
Mr. H.P. Ab article enti Ethnicism can the 30th and a demograph Sri Lankan T disparity in t Lankan Tami ity communit The following selves:
One of the fertility rate the absence his home for Generally his from his nat conditions p home as freq wise do. The tions prevaili of Lanka wou far worse tha be at the ce frequent eth loss of proper Lankan Ta' Lanka. There
 

TAM L TIMES 15
spondent innocently reource' who was planting Bishop Kingsley Swamgry prelate had allegedly source and berated him. . Chandra is dead. The ssued a public statement he killing. Whoever was r the killing has proven hen in' 'power' do as the in effect means eliminatwho disagree with you. In le who get killed usually ary people but those who ature, those who are of community etc. For these le who can shape public are therefore potentially that is saddening is that cess goes on the communprived of its leaders, the social commitment and pirit. text one also recalls the Sam Thambimuttu who ecretary of the Citizens rith Fr. Chandra earlier, attempt on his life was ttu' of the LTTE. Mr. had to come down to sometime. Today "Pottu'
has left the LTTE and gone abroad, but Mr. Thambinmuttu continues to live in Batticaloa.
The killing of Fr. Chandra also reminds one of the LTTE action against the TELO. When remonstrating with the then Jaffna leader "Kittu' about the massacre of TELO cadres. Kittus defence was a standard one. It was a preemptive strike. They were planning to wipe us out. We were quicker. Otherwise you would be remonstrating with Sri Sabaratnam about my death'. Today it seems that Kittu' was right after all. Despite all the glib talk and professed ideals, the group that killed Fr. Chandra has shown that basically there is no difference between them and the Tigers.
The complacent Colombo-types who casually dismiss the LTTE and JVP as Ethno Populists' and 'Neo-Fascists', and hail the pro-Indian groups as progressives would do well to take note of this killing. The vendetta against Tiger supporters goes on unabated in the East. Many people have died. To use a Churchillian phrase "the War of the Giants is over, the war of the pygmies has started'.
DOWNDLING TAM
POPULATION
eyesekera in a two part tled Demography and ried in the Daily News of 31st March, 1988 refers to ic trend observed among amils. The proportionate he increase / decrease of ls in relation to the majory shows a negative trend. figures speak for them
ever coming back to re-settle here. An estimated 20,000 Tamils have died by violence since 1981. Close to 50,000 young Tamil males are languishing in Europe as asylum seekers from about 1983. It is not unreasonable to assume that as many young Tamil females remain here without any prospects of marriage. In reckoning the untimely deaths in Jaffna during October/
PERCENTAGE FIGURES OF TWO ETHNIC GROUPS 1911-1981
1911 1921 1931 1946 1953 1963 1971 1981
Entire Population 100 100 Sinhalese 66.1 Lankan-Tamil 12.9 1.5
chief causes affecting the among Lankan Tamils is of the male worker from
relatively long periods.
work place is far away ive place and economic event him visiting his lently as he would otheron-going disturbed conding in the North and East d have made the position what it was observed to nsus year of 1981. The ic violence and damage/ y have resulted in many mils emigrating from
is no likelihood of their
100 100 100 100 100 100 67.0 65.3 69.4 69.3 71 72 74
110 10.9 11.0 11.2 12.7
November 1987, a large proportion of the dependants of the deceased were found to be unmarried young Tamil women. In a single instance an unmarried young woman came to report the killing of her retired phamacist father. She had five other sisters all above 21 and unmarried. They had lost their mother earlier. In the concluding paragraph of the article referred to above, the writer lists the various factors countervailing the creation of Eelam. He then goes on to state that even if all such factors failed to prevent the establishment of Eelam, the inevitable demographic trend among Lankan Tamils would do so.

Page 16
16 TAM L TIMES
AN OPEN LETTER TO RAJIV GANDHI
DO NOT BRING DESTRUCTION TOS,
LANKAAND DISCREDIT TO INDI,
if
I am writing to express my concern at your handling of the Sri Lankan situation. I am a Sinhalese and a doctor of medicine uninvolved in politics. I am a strong supporter of Amnesty International and as such, I am opposed to violence, be it the violence of armed groups or of governments.
Over the years I have closely moni- .
tored the escalating conflict in Sri Lanka and the tragic fate of the Tamil minority. I hoped that India would put some pressure on the repressive regime in Colombo to see that the Tamil minority were allowed to live with equality and without discrimination.
I was surprised and dismayed at the terms that you thought fit to sign in your Agreement with President Jayawardene. This was such a weak document that even those of us uninvolved in politics could not see how it could bring either peace or normalcy which you stated were your objectives. I have set out the weaknesses of the Accord in the review which I wrote a few weeks after you signed it. If you disagree with this analysis, I will be glad to take up any specific points.
In October 1987 I was appalled by the Indian military offensive which cost hundreds of civilian lives in Jaffna. Whatever the justification was for such an offensive, I think any reasonable person would conclude that it was conducted in a manner that violated every norm of responsible behaviour. There is no circumstance that permits such an offensive to be carried out with International Red Cross, Human Rights Groups and independent observers excluded from the area of conflict. It contravenes the Geneva Convention and all the laws that govern armed conflict.
Your government has persisted in a futile effort to settle the Sri Lankan problem by military might. You have not succeeded and you will not. I am not a supporter of the LTTE or any other militant group but I think it is naive and politically immature to believe that one can successfully disarm thousands of armed men who are prepared to die for a cause, by military force. Armed men can only be disarmed if the cause which prompted them to take up arms is properly addressed and corrected. State violence or the violence of a so-called Peace Keeping Force is not an option.
It amazes me that your government has not benefited from the history of armed conflict in Sri Lanka. Mrs. Bandaranaike tried just this in 1971 when she attempted to put down an armed revolt by militant Sinhalese youths by the exhibition of State violence - an
attempt, I am sad to say India. What has been years later the same yo armed even better that 1971, and are now on a Sri Lanka’s south.
It surprises me that w example in Sri Lankath not a way to disarm al your spectacular failure Punjab, your governmen efforts to disarm Tamil Lanka. Your attempt w successful than was anaike’s with the JV) Mr.Jayawardene's with tants from 1977 to the ti fighting his battle.
Sir, you have the nec strength to kill Mr.Pra even crush the LTTE. H. your military muscle in thing I am certain, you the legitimate and jysti the Tamil people to fr from Sinhalese dominat karan is killed, another more difficult to handle karan will rise and repla the reality of liberation armed conflict. If th crushed, as was the JV) will reform and rise up next year, the year after time. What you will ac misguided military adv Lanka is to damage the India and to compoun serious situation in S killing individuals, you ate the problem since O their place. You will or tyrs. You already have ofTamil martyrs, includ children. You are ber
ΠηOTθ.
In your pursuit of a tant group, it is worthw ing that these boys who in the process of liqui sons and daughters of til North and East. Do you civilians in the North ever accept that India k and daughters to bring malcy?
I would urge you to insane pursuit of a m which is what one has c dictators such as Jay hold meaningful talks sure the granting of a tion of power to the Ta' the distrusted an Sinhalese-dominated Colombo. I might add th who had a profound ul our so-called leaders in

RJ
A
, supported by the result? 15 uths are back,
they were in killing spree in
th this glaring at state force is med men and to do so in the it persists in its militants in Sri il be no more
Mrs. BandarP in 1971 or the Tamil milime you started
2ssary military bhakaran and Iowever strong hay be, of one will not crush fiable quest of 'ee themselves ion. If Prabha, perhaps even than Prabhace him. Such is
struggles and he LTTE are P in 1971, they again, perhaps or in five years hieve by your venture in Sri good name of d the already ri Lanka. By will not eliminthers will take ly create marcreated scores ing women and ht on creating
particular milihile rememberm you are now dating are the he people of the think that the and East will killed their sons peace and nor
abandon this ilitary solution ome to expect of awardene and which will engenuine devolumil people from d unreliable government in hat your mother nderstanding of Sri Lanka, had
JUNE 1988
the deepest possible distrust of, if not contempt for Jayawardene. This she expressed freely at a private gathering in New York shortly before her most unfortunate death.
By what can only be described as a gross mismanagement of the Sri Lankan situation, India is rapidly throwing away its chances of making a genuine contribution to solving the complex Sri Lankan ethnic problem. Your government is contributing to the creation of another Lebanon and is making a potentially solvable problem unsolvable. As a Sri Lankan, I urge you to stop assisting in the destruction of my country by attempting to prop up unpopular and corrupt regimes that have done so much damage to Sri Lanka over such a short time. You are in a position to put the necessary pressure on this regime and the one to follow, to see that the Tamil minority can live with equality and without discrimination in the country of their birth. I would urge you to do so and not bring destruction to Sri Lanka and discredit to India.
Yours sincerely,
Brian Senewiratne, Consultant Physician Princess Alexandra Hospital
Brisbane Australia
SEWEN IPKF MEN KILLED
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam had claimed that seven soldiers belonging to the IPKF were killed and an army vehicle destroyed by a landmine being detonated in the eastern province near Batticaloa.
The LTTE said in a statement that the soldiers were killed on 7 June at Panichankerni. It added that although the Indian government had announced a phased withdrawal of troops, in reality the IPKF had intensified its war against the LTTE and the people.
AID FOR REHABILITATION
The World Bank team that visited Sri Lanka lately has suggested that funds, to be allocated by the World Bank for Rehabilitation work in the North and East, should be transferred directly to the Provincial Councils of the area. That the Provincial Council should also execute the work for the funds provided by the World Bank.
The Lankan Government opposes the move and insists that such funds be channelled through its Rehabilitation Ministry which should also be responsible for carrying out the work for the allocated funds. The World Bank team's suggestion may have been influenced by an improper disbursement of funds provided by NORAD recently to the Higher Education Ministry.
Meanwhile the Canadian High Commissioner Ms. Carolyn McAskie announced that Canada had approved a grant of Canadian $500,000 (Rs. 12.4 million) to support Sri Lanka's returnee program in the North. The grant would be provided through the UNHCR.

Page 17
JUNE 1988
THE MAHABHARAT
GLASGOW
By Rosa Maria Carless
ON 17 APRIL, the first marathon performance of Peter Brook's production of "The Mahabharata' opened in Glasgow. It was a unique experience of the theatre.
As a painter, I enjoyed the visual side of the production particularly. Its setting was of great simplicity, emphasising the beauty of the colours: ochres, reds, saffron, magenta, rust and Orange.
A terracotta wall formed the back of the open stage and pink soil covered the whole of the arena. A stream ran across the back while a pool was up front.
The three elements were represented: earth, water and fire, which from time to time burst into flame with dramatic effect.
Most elegant were the men's quilted.
coats and the gold thread saris which adorned the women in a variety of patterns. Among the occasional props, textiles were used brilliantly in a profusion of dhurries, straw mats, rugs, carpets and canopies making a vivid display of the Indian weaver's craft. One felt the hand of genius; and, when during the first interval we congratulated Peter Brook on this display, he just said: "Well, this is India' and it was indeed.
Perhaps to show the universality of the story, Brook used an international team of 30 actors drawn from 4 continents. The Polish actor RYSZARD CIESLAK plays DHRITARASHTA, the blind king, Vittorio MEZZOGIORNO from Italy is the soft-hearted ARJUNA while JEFFERY KISSOON from Trinidad is KARNA. And so on. Some were difficult to understand and their pronunciation of names often seemed incomprehensible. Did they refer to BHIMA or to BHISHMA, or was it KRISHNA? There was little outstanding talent in the cast. . However, MALLIKA SARABHAI was a dignified and lovely DRAUPADI, the devoted wife of the five PANDAVAS, and BRUCE MYERS, in the double roles of GANESHA and KRISHNA, played both with confidence and skill.
The nine hours of this marathon, with only two intervals for tea and ; supper, was a memorable event. With a column in front of me, a chair of relative comfort and not much... self discipline, while I may have felt exhausted, I was also proud of my endurance and enriched and grateful to have been a member of the audience.
We have to thank the city of Glasgow and the many sponsors, among them the Hinduja Foundation, who made it possible to stage this great Indian epic at the Old Transport Museum. The doors of this vast museum were closed to the public only last year, when its collection of trains, locomotives and model ships were moved to larger premises at the Kelvin Hall.
After decades of industrial decline,
the city of Gla. with great vi outstanding c arts, with fest from all over
The Mahabh an ambitious mark Glasgow pean cultural
There is som the Mahabhar defeat, magi tragedy, predic and colour. No thing in the Ma What is not t specialists agre origin and thi KURUKSHET Some feel that pletely mytholc path for spiritu For example, on to the bat obstinacy of DU
INDIAN CLAS heard either strumental for instrumental m instrument whi the legendary cause it has bee India by famol Shankar.
It was, there classical Indian Carnatic variet, the violin in Ind who gave two r Vidya Bhavan was a sheer deli pretation of the ancient classic medium of the tially a Wester that point ofvi have a specials of other recitals van aspart oft the Bhavan.
On both th Jayaraman wae violin by his sol ter Vijaya La studied under skilled musicia with several so to their credit. the trio - fathe) with each othel scales and me interpretation them in the Ca violin trio, acco Ramabhadran :

A N
gow is now re-emerging our and becoming an ntre for the creative vals bringing the best he world. arata was at the top of rogramme of events to s nomination as Euro:apital in 1990. ething of everything in ata' love, war, victory, :, paradox, comedy, tion, philosophy, music wonder it is said "Everyhabharata is elsewhere. here is nowhere.' Most e that it has an historic ly place the battle of RA around 3,200 BC. the great epic is comgical. Others see it as a Lal initiation. when ARJUNA, forced lefield because of the JRYODHANA in refus
TAM L TIMES 17
ing to negotiate for peace, could no longer bear the thought of bringing death to his relatives, he confides his great anguish to KRISHNA and he surrenders to the teaching of his friend. The BHAGAVAD-GITA was spoken and ARJUNA fights under the direction of his Lord. The causes of ARJUNA's perplexities lay in his wish to protect members of his family. But through understanding the BhagavadGita, he is freed from anxiety.
Without trying to interpret the symbols of Hindu religion or to follow any exact historical or spiritual theme, Jean-Claude CARRIERE in his French adaptation of the Mahabharata and Peter Brook in his English translation have tried in this gigantic stage production to find a certain dramatic truth and to suggest the flavour of India. Their aim was not to make an imitation of the great epic poem, but rather to extract its essence. They have surely succeeded.
The uvriter uvas born in Sao Paulo where she was Social Director of the Museum of Art. Now well known as a painter she has held one-man exhibitions in Bonn, London, Buenos Aires, Caracas and elseuwhere.
LALGUDIJA YARAMMAN DAZZLES MMITH HIS VOLIN
SICAL MUSIC can be in the vocal or inm: when it comes to usic, the most common ch one sees and hears is sitar, particularly ben made popular outside is musicians like Ravi
fore, a delight to hear music especially of the played by that mast of ia, Lalgudi Jayaraman, citals at the Bharatiya on May 14 and 15. It
ght to listen to his inter
most difficult aspects of al ragas through the violin, which is esseninstrument; and from w Mr Lalgudi's recitals ignificance in the series
organised by the Bhahe jubilee programme of
ese days Mr Lalgudi s accompanied on the
, Krishnan and daugh
shuri, both of whom him and are already ns in their own right, ) performances in India Fascinating to listen to , son and daughter – vie in interpreting various odies in the intricate of pure ragas, most of natic style. Indeed, the mpanied by Mr. Vellore in the "Ganjira', present
a formidable ensemble in the very highest traditions of South India.
Carnatic music interpreted on the violin has been in the Lalgudi family for over four generations: Jayaraman's grandfather, and father wre both master craftsmen in the art of playing the violin; now the art has been carried into the fourth generation through Jayaraman's children the Lalgudi family can, thus, be said to have made greater contribution to establishing the tradition of the violin in South India more than any one else.
As Lata Mangeshkar said when she presented a citation to Jayaraman on 15 May, "The Lalgudi family are an institution in themselves, and indeed they have set new values to classical Indian music through their art of the violin, carried through four generations.
Lalgudi Jayaraman has earned several distinguished Indian and international awards: in 1965 he was presented an Italian violin by Sir Yehudi Monuhin at the Edinburgh Festival. He received a tremendous welcome when he played at the Festival of India in Moscow in 1987. During the last five or six years in their world wide tours, Jayaraman and his son and daughter have given recitals in all key cities in the United States, Europe and the Far East.
In his recital of 14 May, Jayaraman delighted the packed audience with harmonious rendering of a song, composed by Thagaraja, in the Hamsadha
(contd on page 20)

Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 19
JUNE 1988
NEws IN BRI
O Ponnudurai News agent for "The Hindu' an influential Indian daily, air lifted everyday to Jaffna was shot dead. LTTE claimed responsibility and stated that Ponnudurai was also agent for RAW, Indian Intelligence Agency. O Karunaiswaran (25) a Tamil youth walking along Manning Place Wellawatte, Colombo was shot dead on 25.5.88. The Assailant escaped. O Jaffna Commercial Banks and Municipal Offices work only three days of the week. Jaffna Government Secretariat works only during last week of every month. LTTE Writ is being faithfully carried out. O Parents of 194 youths held by IPKF at Vavuniya have protested to IPKF and District Citizens Committee. All youths are being held without being charged for over 6 months. President of District Citizens Committee Dr. Pararajasingham threatened to resign if there was no response by 15.6.88. O Anura Banadaranaike, Leader of the Opposition and leader of S.L.F.P. spoke at a Seminar in Gampola held on 21.5.88. He said that when the SLFP comes to power it
would abroga and with the raise the lior O Nadarajah Sevaka (Villa ippu in Vad arrested alor brother by father and br 17.5.88, Wher about Palanir Stated Palani 17.5.88. There nathan. O On 18.5.88 Jaffna Genel Hooded men IPKF pointec arrested. O. On 18.5.8 Nedunkerni ] and soldier w blast. O A lorry fro ment WaS StC on the nighto burnt. Two si the burnt pol lorry. O Law Court ceased functi
(cont. from page 3)
position to leave the island well before the deadline for the announcement of the Presidential elections which must be held before December this year. Then there is the question of the general election which must be held next year, but the President would like the opportunity of holding it either before or after the Presidential election, the crucial test being as to which course would help the governement. The presence of the IPKF in Sri Lanka during the run up to either the Presidential or general election would spell disaster for the electoral prospects of the present government.
The second option is fraught with no less danger. The presupposition of holding the election in Tamil areas without an agreement with the LTTE is that the military confrontation between the IPKF and the LTTE will continue with the associated and inevitable problem of a prolonged stay of the IPKF in the island. The military strength of the IPKF will be needed to enable not only the holding of the elections, but also the functioning of the elected provincial council and civil administration without disruption caused by the LTTE.
Another precondition for the exercise of the second option is that other Tamil groups, which are basically in agreement with the Indo-Sri Lanka accord, must agree to participate in the elections. Already some of the Tamil militant groups like the PLOT are on a collision course with the IPFK. Besides, it is doubtful whether any of the Tamil militant groups or the TULF would agree to participate in such elections in
the teeth of L experience, th LTTE is not allow them to interference tions.
The fact is t far undertake considerably v have failed eit or to force i weapons. The success in the sive is not cert holding out V. Prabhakara (Mahathaya), What of th who will be ( Over the year got used or co of the reques militant grou the groups c. particular da halt, shops offices cease ti boycotted etc. of “mourning black flags. that governel only on part ployees nor would attend For instance edicts that ba days a week - and Thursday offices should 30th of each without ques virtual contro so far failed normal open banks. The

TAM L TIMES 19
EF
e the Indo-Lanka Pact help of Armed Forces
flag in the North. Palaninathan, Grama e Headman) of Pokaramaradchi East was g with his father and PKF on 16.5.88. The other were released on inquiries were made athan on 19.5.88, IPKF lathan was released on is no trace of Palani
PKF men entered the al Hospital premises. who accompanied the out youths who were
8 on Puliyankulam"Oad an IPKF officer ere killed in a landmine
m Jaffna carrying Cepped at Madawachchi f 19.5.88. The lorry was keletons were found in tion of the cab of the
s in Trincomalee have oning from 19.5.88.
TE's opposition. By past ey should know that the going to sit back and
peacefully and without participate in the elec
hat the military efforts so n by the IPKF may have weakened the LTTE, but her to totally subjugate it t to hand over all its extent of the IPKF's recent Mullaitivu offenlain, but the LTTE is still and its main leaders, in and Mahenthirarajah
are still at large.
e ordinary Tamil people
'alled upon to vote? 's, the Tamil people have nditioned to act in terms ts or demands of Tamil ps, big or small. If any of alled for a 'hartal' on a y, transport grinds to a are shut, government function, schools remain If there is a call for a day , people obey it, flying f a declaration is made mnt offices may function cular days, neither emmembers of the publie such offices on other days. even now the LTTE's unks could open on three - Tuesdays, Wednesdays 's- and that government open between 22nd to the month are complied with tion. The IPKF, with its l of northern Jaffna, has in its efforts to force the ng hours of offices and PKF in a surprise move
O Mankaanai near Valvettiturai in Jaffna District was searched by IPKF from 8.45 p.m. on 20.5.88 till 5.00 a.m. next day. Two youths in a house committed suicide to avoid arrest. The owner of house, Mrs. Kandasamy was arrested by IPKF. During the course of the same search, Mrs. Selvarani Sambasivam was injured by gunfire. Her husband who tried to remove her to hospital was assaulted by IPKF. Both husband and wife were removed to IPKF Camp at Udupiddy. Next morning, the husband was released in presence of the Assistant Government Agent of the area and the body of Mrs. Sambasivam was handed over to the husband.
O Mr. Kamalanathan, a teacher of St. John's College, Jaffna was arrested and detained by the IPKF. The Students and Teachers' Guild of St. John's threatened to take out a procession protesting against the arrests detention. IPKF threatened to impose curfew if a procession was taken out. Later Mr. Kamalanathan was released after IPKF obtained statement that Kamalanathan was treated well. On being released Kamalanathan had to be taken to hospital as he could not even walk. Kamalanathan is still in hospital.
descended on the banks in force on 2 June and prevented the entire staff including the managers from leaving for their homes and kept them overnight within the bank's premises with the intention that banks could open for business the following day - Friday being a day when banks are prohibited from functioning in terms of the LTTE's standing order. The banks were opened for business on Friday 3 June with a massive show of IPKF presence. Not one customer showed to transact business. And finding that no useful purpose was being served, the IPKF itself suggested the closure of the banks by noon.
Whether the people comply with the requests or demands made by the Tamil militant groups due to the fact that they are in sympathy with the militant groups or through fear of consequences is not the question. The reality of the people's unquestioning compliance has to be recognised as a fact of life in Tamil areas.
In this context, if the government were to order provincial council elections in the Tamil areas and a call is made to the Tamil people by any one or more of the Tamil militant groups, or the LTTE in particular, to the effect that no one should submit nominations, no one should in any way participate in the elections or go to any polling booths
on election day, the reaction of the
people to such a call would appear to be predictable.
The government is no doubt faced with an apparently intractable problem in holding elections in the Tamil areas. The one and only solution would appear to be a negotiated agreement on outstanding issues before elections can even be announced.

Page 20
20 TAM L TIMES
CONCERN GROW FOR RETURNINC REFUGEES
CONCERN has been steadily mounting over the welfare of some 2,000 Sri Lankan Tamil refugees returned to Jaffna from South India in the last few weeks despite the continuing lack of improvement in the situation in the north of the island.
The refugees have been arriving at Kankesanturai since early April as part of the Indian-sponsored repatriation programme carried out in cooperation with the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR). The programme has returned over 8,000 Tamils to the Mannar area since January.
Although UNHCR assistance supplies the refugees with an initial relief package of dry rations and cash subsidies, there is little sign that any of the initiatives originally envisaged by the programme to reconstruct essential services such as housing, agriculture, public health and education are underway.
Half of Jaffna is still in a state of shock - the other halfin a state of siege. Repairs urgently required for housing stocks, roads pitted with land-mine craters and the shattered public water supply remain hampered by the lack of civil administration. Government offices open only in the last week of every month.
In the absence of police, robbery and petty pilfering have become a daily event. Food stocks remain low. Relief supplies from Colombo, the staple means of survival for most of the population, are inadequate and continually delayed.
Operations by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) continue to have a high profile. The Vadamaratchy area was subject to a two-week search-andsweep operation in early May, drawing allegations of widespread intimidation and harassment by IPKF troops from the local Citizens Committee. Students due to sit the Fifth Standard scholarship examination in Vadamaratchy on 14 May were denied the opportunity as schools remained closed.
Some of the returnees to the Mannar area on the UNHCR programme have encountered other difficulties. On-thespot rehabilitation is largely carried out by voluntary and non governmental organisations (NGOs) who are often under-staffed and underfunded. Rebuilding a house means NGOs must supply half of the funds alloted by the Ministry of Rehabilitation. Housing assistance is only offered to those who already possess the land. Cement and tin sheeting are scarce and sell at inflated prices.
Others have found less assistance than they expected. Part of a group of 549 returnees to Mannar taken by UNHCR in late February to the Thirukeethswaram temple were subsequently refused accommodation by
temple authorities. T left outside the tem themselves. On the re of the UNHCR vehicle hijacked by member group.
A number of obser unconvinced of the vol the return of some island. Recent India. have drawn attention refugees evicted at gu run-down cyclone she as refugee camps in district of Tamil Nad Services in the large Mandapam are being down as many Indi withdraw, offering th
NEH
By Peter Pe
NATIONAL FILM T don, showed last week dit Nehru”, a three-ho on the life of Pandit Ja as highlights of the l (May 1-30) (Earlier Weekly of 13 May).
Pandit Nehru, one of among 11 films produc India's veteran film Benegal, is a maste co-production, base Nehrus writings anc rrated as a first perso) narrator being Saeed J divided into three Awakening (2) The S Freedom, traces the ev Nehru from his birth ending with his mamm cession and the scatte! into the elements and i and into the Ganga. I moving and authentic : ji's family life, and his national figure, a st necessarily an unquest Gandhiji; the intensify nationalism and the w tive of his world view successful fight for the against imperialist fo] the first Prime Ministe India in laying the fou nomic and social develc ernisation; his life-lo world peace which fou the leading part whic founding the Non-Alig The film is in technic splendid scenes and sti famous monuments ar apart from some prese hydro-electric dams, nt tions etc.
The film is a remarl co-production betweer and it is a pity that

s
NA Z
he refugees were ple , to fend for turn journey one es was reportedly s of a militant
vers also remain untary nature of refugees to the n press reports to allegations of n-point from the liters that double the South Arcot
Ա:
er camps such as g gradually run an-based NGOs le refugees little
JUNE 1988
choice. The inmates of several camps in Tamil Nadu have directly petitioned Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi to delay their return until an effective peace agreement has been reached. The London-based Tamil Refugee Action Group(TRAG) has appealed to UNHCR to look again at the programme, emphasising the continuing hostilities throughout the north and the uncertain logistics of the operation.
European agencies have expressed concern that UNHCR is not present at the point of departure making it impossible to effectively monitor the voluntary nature of the movement.
Over the last few months the World Alliance of YMCAs based in Geneva has drawn attention to what it considers to be the hasty and ill-timed nature of the programme and its underlying lack of consensus. Other agencies may also feel obliged to speak out if the prevailing conditions throughout northern Sri Lanka do not improve dramatically.
- British Refugee Council
RUDOCUMENTARY
endsay
HEATRE, Lon
(May 20), "Panur documentary waharlal Nehru Benegal Season. report in India
the films shown ed or directed by director Shyam rful Indo-Soviet d entierly on d speeches, nan biography, the affrey. The film, parts: (1) The struggle and (3) olution of Pandit through his life, noth funeral proring of his ashes nto the elements it portrays some scenes in Panditemergence as a aunch but not ioning disciple of ing process of his idening perspec; his part in the freedom of India rces; his role as r of Independent undations of ecoopment and modng passion for nd expression in h he played in gned Movement. 'olour, with some ll shots of India's ld tourists spots, int day sites like uclear power sta
kable example of two countries it has not been
shown to wider audiences in Britain and other countries, although it was first released in 1984.
(contd. from page 17)
vani raga this was followed by a Khamaj piece. After the interval he played the main raga of the evening, Kalyani, followed by lighter pieces in Kaphi and Dvijavali.
The recital on 15 May was dominated by songs of Thagaraja in rare ragas such as Bindumalini and Nasikabhushini; then followed Hindola and Abheri, all rendered with great skill and expertise. The Hindola was refreshing both to connoisseurs both to North Indian and Carnatic music.
In the words of one critic present on the second day, "Perhaps the highlight of the concert on the second day was the Raga Mohana and percussion recital which followed it. The Mridangam was talking to the Kanjira, and the dialogue made wonderful listening. To anyone listening from outside the hall Mohana flowed as a raga which only Lalgudi could play.' A Lalgudi was indeed behind that violin with the father Lalgudi watching with love and pride and satisfaction. Although much younger in her experience on the stage Vijayalaksmi proved her own prowess when her father drew her out with a quick succession of ragas prominent in the lower three notes in the octave; ri, ga, ma with ragas Anandabhairavi, Kanada, Shahana before going to Sama to play Mamasa Sancharare of Sadashiva Brahmendra.”
Some might say that violin is an instrument which is perhaps a neglected instrument in the Indian musical firmanent: the Lalgudi family may well get the credit for making violin popular among Indian critics and masses alike and bringing home the lesson that it has tremendous potential for popularising Indian classical music abroad.

Page 21
UNE 1988
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WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couples on their recent marriage Srikugan (son of Mr & Mrs M. Sathiapalan, Mylany, Chunnakam, Sri Lanka) and Prabadevi (daughter of Mr & Mrs E. Thillainayagam, "Gayathri", Chunnakam, Sri Lanka) on June 12 at Century Gardens Recreation Centre, Brampton, Ontario, Canada. Wigneswaran (son of the late Mr K.Kanagasabapathy and Mrs Kanagasabapathy, 48 Blakes Avenue, New malden, Surrey) and Ravini Devi(daughter of Mr & Mrs A. Chinniah) on June 18 at Highgate Murugan Temple, London N6
OBITUARY Mr Joseph Albert Selv Supdt. of Police (CID) A ( husband of Elsie Path a brief illness on 25 April ton, West Virginia USA were cremated and the sent to Sri Lanka for inte. nam was the eldest som and Mr W.Joseph, a spected advocate of the later a district judge in cial Service. Selvaratn and distinguished care service. He leaves behir tions, friends and well wi his loss. May his soul rest in pe
Dr. Paramanathy Nadara of Saraswathy, loving f Dr. Daya (New Jersey, Vathsala (UK) passed Lusaka, Zambia after Clavering Avenue, Bar 90X.
SS. Bastiampillai belové mee Lawrence, loving
Pathmini, & Rajan pas: - 81 Windsor Road, H UK.
Mr E. V. Ponnuthurai, Instructor, husband of Mahil Tambiah, Kirup Kanagasundaram, Karu Samuel and Chandra,
fully at Tellippalai on 5,
Nalliah Samuel Karunari of Ruth mee Muthavaloe Chandrakumar, Mohan and Rohan expired in 130 Hayes Lane, Kenley
Mrs. Kamala Devasagay Devasagayam, father of mi and Chryshanthi pas 1988 at Araly, Sri Lank
Mr. Samuel Alagathura husband of Jeevu, fathe and Yogini passed awa) Chundikuli, Sri Lanka.
Rev. S.T. Asirvatham bé late Gnanaratnam nee
of Dr. Thevaseyan, Mr Mr. Thevapiriyan callec 1988 in Sydney, Austri
FORTHCOM July 16 7.00 p.m. We London Veena Grou South Bank Centre, Li
At Bharatiya Vidya Bh Road, London W 14 4608) July 16 7.00 p.m. Cal votional Music by Dr barann
JAFFNACHRIS
The following were el 1988-89 of the Jaffna Annual General Mee building Jaffna on 14 President: J, Sarwanal Mr. R. Ariaratnam an Secretary: Rev. C.T. F Mr. S.P. Jeevananth Annappah; Auditor: M
EDUCATIO REMEME
Two of Jaffna's educat the veil recently - Mr. retired Principal, Jaffna
 

varatnam, Retd. olombo, beloved ma, died after 1988 in HuntingA. The remains ashes are being rert. Selvaratof the late Mrs leading and reJaffna Bar and the Ceyion Juliam had a long. er in the police ud a host of relaSher S to benn OEI
Ce.
W.S.
jah beloved husband ather of Mano UK), }, Vasuhi, Vanaja 8 away on 18.5.88 at a brief illness - 7 nes, London SW13
di husband of Ruby father of Vinothini, sed away on 146.88 arrow Weald, Middx,
retired Agricultural Nesamalar, father of ai Rasiah, Sugumam makaran, Punitham passed away peасе6.88.
ah, beloved husband father of Selvareen Devashantini Sinniah Jaffna on 26.6.88 -
, Surrey, UK.
am beloved wife of S.
Ranjith Rohan, Nimsed away on 16 May ca
i Champion beloved r of Rathini, Shiranee on 12 May 1988 at
loved husband of the Subramaniam, father . Thevamithiran, and to rest on 18 May alia.
NG EVENTS ena Concert by The p at Purcell Room, ondon S.E. 1.
avan, 4A Castletown (Phone 01-381 3086/
rnatic Vocal and DeSirkazhi Sivachidam
STAN UNION
ected office bearers for Christian Union at its ting held at Y.M.C.A.
May 1988.
nthan; Vice Presidents: d Rev. Sam Thampoe; oberts, Ast. Secretary: am Treasurer: Mr. G. r. A. Rajasingham.
NALISTS BERED
ionalists passed within
P.S. CumaraSwamy, Hindu College and Mr.
JUNE 1988
C. Vyramuttu, retired Vice-Principal, Vaideeswara College, Jaffna.
Mr. Cumaraswamy had the distinction of piloting two very large Hindu educational institutions in Jaffna - Mahajana College, Tellipalai and Jaffna Hindu College through difficult periods in the annals of education in Sri Lanka,
Mr. C. Vyramuttu along with the Principal Mr. R. Ambihaipahan, built up Vaideswara College, by sheer hard work and honesty of purpose. His four decades as teacher and Vice-Principal will always remain a glowing record in the annals of education in Jaffna.
JAFFNA BISHOPS SIXTIETH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATIONS
February 17 saw the impressive get-together of the friends, well-wishers and co-workers of Rt. Rev. D.J. Ambalavanar, Bishop of Jaffna, at Uduvil Girls' School, to felicitate him on his sixtieth birthday. The Bishop's brother Rev. D.R. Ambalavanar conducted the thanksgiving service, Dr. S. Jebanesan, Chairman, Children's Homes Board presided at the public meeting that followed. Tributes were paid by Prof. S. Withiananthan, Vice Chancellor, Jaffna University; Mr. J.M. Sabaratnam; Rev. Fr. Jebanesan of the Roman Catholic Church; Methodist Minister K.P. Govindaraj; Rev. J. Sarvananthan, Vicar, St. John's Church; Prof. S. Pathmanathan, Director, Evelyn Ratnam Institute; Rev. D.S. Thiyagarajah and Mr. G. Rajanayagam.
The Bishop in his reply thanked the members for organising the function and said that he would continue to serve God, the Church and the people.
KONCON VYFTIENISSEJJA
الم
The London Weena Group singing songs in praise of Lord Ganapathy and Goddess Saraswathy at the commencement of their annual cultura evening held on 5.6.88 at Lola Jones Hall, London SW17 under the patronage of the Deputy Mayor of the London Borough of Wandsworth,
AD VERTISEMENT
The publication of 'Saturday Review' has been suspended since 10th October, 1987.
Specialissues claimingto beSaturday Review published from Colombo are unauthorised.
Wevi resume publication of Saturday Review from Jaffna as early as possible.
NEW ERA PUBLICATIONS LTD
20th April, 1988

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