Page 1
Tamji
TM
WIll NO.1 ISSN 0.
INSEARCH OF PEACE
-- ** *:_- . . . . i * క్ల్లో ",'; ಥ್ರ:
(Courlesy: Suriday "
The Price for Peace -
k JWP rejects Peace Call
and Targets Tea
k Indian Troops
Leave Maldives
 

75p
66-4488 15 OCTOBER 1989
k Changing Scenario
in North-East
k Human Rights and Violence
sk Premadasa'a
Peace Committee
k Conscription of teenagers
* Beheaded b0dies
in University
Executive Presidency
k Record Budget Deficit
k Prelates Call
to End Killings

Page 2
2 TAMIL TIMES
CONTENTS
The Price for Peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JVC rejects peace Call. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. ISSN 02 ANNUAL SUE Varsity lecturer murdered in Jaffna. . . . . 5 UK/India/Sri Lanka - All other countrie
LTTE accepts PC as interim structure...7
Published The changing scenario in the North East 9 TAMIL TV
P.Ο. ΒOX Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily SUTTON, SURRE those of the editor or the publishers. UNITED KIN
PREMADASAsP
One of the main features of the joint declaration by the governments of India and Sri Lanka made last month concerning the projected pullout of the IPKF by the end of December is the setting up of a Peace Committee on the 20th September 1989 to afford an opportunity to all political and ethnic groups in the North-Eastern Province to come together to settle their differences through a process of consultation, compromise and Consensus and to bring all groups into the democratic process, thereby ending violence and improving conditions for the physical safety and security of all communities. The Peace Committee was expected to help restore normalcy and contribute to the effective functioning of the North-Eastern Provincial CounCil".
if the main purpose of the Peace Committee was to afford an opportunity to all political and ethnic groups in the North-East to come together to settle their differences, one would have reasonably expected that the Peace Committee would consist of those parties and groups which enjoy a certain measure of representative character among the people of the North-East and those whose views and actions have a direct bearing on any efforts to be made to restore normalcy and contribute to the effective functioning of the North-Eastern Provincial Council. By this criterion, it would have been natural for Tamil militant groups like the LTTE, EPRLF, EROS, ENDLF, TELO and PLOTE and political parties like the TULF, SLMC and Tamil Congress to be included in the Peace Committee. The fact that the UNP, SLFP and the USA parties had contested in these areas during the last two elections would have enabled them also to be considered for inclusion.
But what President Premadasa has done is to invite 28 political parties with three representatives each to participate in the sessions of the Peace Committee. He has converted the proposed Peace Committee into a replica of the presently ongoing All Party Conference (APC). By this action the President has virtually undermined the well defined purpose for which the idea of the Peace Committee was mooted in the first place - for the political and ethnic groups in the North-East to come together and Settle their differences.
Whatever views one may have about the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of July 1987 and the manner in which it has so far been implemented, it has to be conceded that certain issues of concern for the Tamil people which led to the ethnic conflict have been addressed during the last two years. First, legislative force has been given to the establishment of the Provincial Council system. Second, the Northern and Eastern Provinces have been merged into one single province. Third, The Tamil language also has been legislatively declared as an official language.
 

15 OCTOBER 1989
CONTENTS
NewS Round-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
56-4488 Violence & Human Rights. . . . . . . . . . . 16 SCRIPTION . . . E10/USS20 Natya Manjari. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . E15/USS30 by Peace Committee for North East. . . . . . 20 ES LTD Classified Advertisements . . . . . . . . . 22
121 s SM1 3 TD The publishers assume no responsibility for return of GDOM unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and artwork.
EACE COMMITTEE
Fourth, the substantial majority of the 'stateless” plantation Tamils have been granted citizenship rights. In spite of these measures, substantial Tamil opinion regards the extent of devolution of powers to the Provincial Council inadequate and that the issue of state-aided colonisation has not been satisfactorily resolved. The ongoing talks between the LTTE and the government should have demonstrated these Concerns to the President. What One expected from the proposed Peace Committee was that these concerns together with the existing internecine conflicts among the various political and ethnic groups would be addressed and a satisfactory negotiated Solution arrived at thereby ending violence and improving conditions for the physical safety and security of all communities' and enabling the restoration of normalcy and effective functioning of the North-Eastern Provincial Council.
By nominating to the Peace Committee extremist political groupings which totally reject the idea of devolution of powers, the Provincial Council system, the grant of official status to the Tamil language, the grant of citizenship rights to plantation Tamils etc., and imposing the precondition that all decisions of the Peace Committee shall be arrived at by consensus, the President has in effect not only frustrated in advance any possibility of reaching a solution, but also has gone back on this commitment contained in the joint declaration. The simple test is: How can one expect a Peace Committee composed of parties which stand for the total abolition of the Provincial Council system and devolution of powers to reach a decision by consensus on the question as to how to contribute to the effective functioning of the NorthEastern Provincial Council"?
Premadasa's Peace Committee has already run into trouble even before it has met. Its proposed first meeting scheduled to be held on 9 October has been postponed with no new date being announced. The LT TE has asked for more time to decide on the question as to whether it would participate. EROS/EPD has objected to its composition and made it clear that it would not participate. The EPRLF, ENDLFand TELOhave declared thatunless the LTTE came into the Peace Committee, they too would keep out of it. Even if these groups later decide to participate, President Premadasa has ensured that, by its very composition, his Peace Committee is doomed in advance to failure. One cannot resist the temptation to feel that Mr. Premadasa is using the device of an unwieldy Peace Committee, with the unedifying prospect of it indulging in interminable discussions without reaching any meaningful decision, to play for time until December 31 when the total withdrawal of the IPKF is to be completed, and thereafter begin playing partisan politics with the "Tamil problem' as has been done in the past,

Page 3
15 OCTOBER 1989
COLOMBO NEWSLETTER
Political parties in and outside Parliament got maximum exposure on state Television this last month as they sat in consultation with President Ranasinghe Premadasa under the auspices of the All-Party Conference.
In the conference room of the Presidential secretariat, an often impassive President Premadasa held court with the government fielding different members of the Cabinet for each sitting, and political parties of various hues articulating their solutions for the country's ills. Sitting in as observers were row upon row of members from other political parties. It was however the Sri Lanka Freedom Party led grouping of five opposition political parties that made the most significant impact by getting a firm committment from the President for holding a referendum to decide the acceptability of the Presidential system, the SLFP's bête noire.
The memorandum submitted by the five parties held, that it was the ruling United National Party and the executive Presidency that was the root cause for the upheaval in the country.
"Time is running out and speedy action is necessary. There is no time for endless discussion. Accept our proposals and take immediate steps to implement them' was the order the President was faced with.
The UNP working committee, at a special meeting on October first took the wind off the sails of the five party demand by recommending the dissolution of Parliament and the setting up of a caretaker government if certain conditions were met. Most important among them being conditions of peace and normalcy being returned to the country before fresh elections could be held.
If the SLFP was expected to fall in line with this offer the government
. was in for a surprise. Mrs Bandaranaike made it quite clear that a caretaker or national government was not what they had in mind. What they demanded was a provisional government for the specific purpose of bring about constitutional reform. The main demand being the abolishing of the executive Presidency and the return of those powers to a Parliament with the President merely the constitutional head of State.
The SLFP made it known that if the President was not going to accede to the request for the setting up of a provisional government, which would help create the conditions of peace and
normalcy after which fresh elections
could be held, then it would not attend
THE I - EXEG
by Rita Sebastia
the plenary session duled for October party positions are and a consensus ar
But events were turn when, at the co October sixth to w anaike again took grouping proposals, ly commit the Presi of a referendum an an interim admin specified time fram sensus will be reac of the referendum But referendum or indications are that reached on the aboli tive Presidency an Prime Ministerial
ance.
But the issue, cri sions, which was w Vimukti Peramuna shepremi Janatha into mainstream po headway. Not even mediaries, said to l munication to the J to elicit any respons A JVP statement as an Indian instig which they had no f known line of think
A six-day ceasefi sponse either. Hund ings and vehicles was a clear indicat the economy is par strategy. In a lette General of the Unit letters circulated to Colombo, the JVP boycott of the count and airport and the rights violations in alleging that an av dred civilians are day by the country'
The counter sub' called off during th again and vigilante the scene, and unide been surfacing acro:
The next step ac analysts is the hold tional conference th effect the changes s All Party consensus ground to be handle law and order mach
Meanwhile since ceasefire in the no fifty violations have the observer commi
 
 
 

- TAMIL TIMES 3
PRICE FOR PEACE
XUTIVE
n from Colombo
s of the APC schetwelfth, where the to be considered rived at. to take a dramatic onsultations held on which Mrs Bandarher five member the SLFP did finaldent to the holding d the setting up of istration within a e. But whether conhed on the holding is still to be seen. no referendum, all t consensus will be shing of the Execud a return to the system of govern
ucial to the discusooing the Janatha (JVP) and the DeViyaparaya (DJV) litics has made no the known interhave lines of comVP, have been able e from them.
dubbing the APC ated conference in aith was their only ing on this issue. re brought no rereds of state buildbeing burnt down ion that crippling t of the new JVP r to the Secretary ed Nations, and in foreign missions in has called for the ry's main harbour raising of human international fora, erage of two hunbeing killed every
security forces. rersive operations e ceasefire are on groups are back on ntified bodies have s the country. ording to political ing of a constituat will decide and ught through the the battle on the by the country's nery. he IPKF declared ch and east, over been reported to ;tee set up under
PRESIDENCY
the agreement signed between the governments of Sri Lanka and India on September eighteenth. Be that as it may the two main players, the LTTE and the EPRLF, still remain as widely distanced as before although they have been making conciliatory posturings in public.
North-East Provincial Council Chief Minister Varatharajah Perumal's offer to dissolve the Provincial Council in the North-East to let the LTTE come in, is conditional. Surrender arms before entering mainstream politics he demands. No way says the LTTE pointing to the arms carrying EPRLF, ENDLF and TELO cadres who roam the north-east at will.
In addition the forced conscription of youth, barely in their teens, has added another dimension to the highly militarised situation in the north-east. While holding out the olive branch EPRLF Chief Minister Perumal has warned of a Tamil National army, 30,000 strong that will, when the IPKF leaves, be ready to meet any internal threat, the threat, spelt out by politburo member L. Ketheeswaran last month, as being the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE.
Although the scheduled IPKF withdrawal is December end they don't seem to be in any hurry to withdraw troops, judging by conditions on the ground. India has at no time agreed with the Sri Lankan government position that the security in the north-east is an internal matter, to be resolved by the government. On the contrary India, whatever terminology it has chosen to use, has linked withdrawal with the safety and security of the communities in the north-east regions.
Chief Minister Perumal at a press conference last week in Colombo called on the Tigers for an open discussion with them. We are brothers, why do we need brokers to bring us together? he asked. The LTTE somehow does not seem to be in the mood to accept protestations ofbrotherly cordiality at face value.
Whether President Premadasa will be able to bring the two groups together to discuss the north-east situation is still to be seen. A peace committee envisaged under the agreement signed on the 18th that could have made this possible has been indefinitely postponed.
The Eelavar Democratic Front (EDF) (the former EROS) has been the first party to announce that it will not be participating in the committee. The reason being that the peace committee is substantially the same as the All

Page 4
4 TAMIL TIMES
Continued From Page 3
Party Conference, having both the same function and purpose, and jumping from one conference to another making the same points on the same issues would not help materially to affect the resolution of the national question
Although the LTTE is of the same mind about the non-effectivenes of a peace committee so composed, they
have not as yet mad to participate, publi Colombo governme. learnt not to appea the face of the exc tween them.
If the All-Party ged off by the sc exercise in politicki. change the struct and thereby appeas
ANOTHER PROMINENT BUDDHIST MONK KILLED
Ven. Thiranagama Ratnasara Thera, a prominent Buddhist monk was shot dead by an unidentified armed gang in the Hambantota district in south Sri Lanka in the early hours on 30 September. His murder occurred while he was in a privena at Thanamalwila, Angunnakolwewa, seventeen miles off the Lunugamwehera police station where he had arrived from Colombo only a few hours before the murder.
The identity of the killers had not been established. But a letter found near the body of the slain monk made it clear that he was killed for political
eaSOS.
The monk was engaged in archaeological work in many parts of the country and was the author of many books on the island's archaeological and historical sites.
APC CALL JVP FORTALKS
The All Party Conference, on 30 September, invited the Janatha Vim u kthi Peram una (JVP) to participate or appoint accredited representatives to participate in the Conference.
A communique issued by the APC stated, "The All Party conference while recognising that the departure of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna from the mainstream of democratic political activities was due to the proscription of the JVP on 30th July 1983 and convinced of the urgency to restore peace and normalcy welcomes:
(a) the deproscription of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna on 10th May 1988; and
(b) the decision of the government to grant all representatives attending the conference full protection and security and
Calling upon all groups who are outside the mainstream of the democratic process to eschew violence and achieve their goals through democratic means;
Invites the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna to participate or appoint accredited representatives to attend the All Party Conference on their behalf.
JVP RE PEACE AND COND
The All Party Conf an All Indian Party for the Sri Lanka S.D. Bandaranaike, it either directly or Indian imperialism financial and milita states a press politbureau of the Peramuna.
The motive of the national governm participants, giving other responsible hoodwink interna institutions and continue the administration. W Indian imperialism and all parties pa APC will help in patriots of this coul this truth, the Pres:
UNP leaders or t. stooges of Indian i bring about pea democracy and ens Neither do they w nor national freedor
should have any fai APC.
The educated you the working clas nation is fighting a lives today not f snatching execut Premadasa and h Sirima Bandarai fighting and layin for:- O The abrogation peace accord; ar Council system; O Free the country of Northern and E: O Drive away th armies; O Reverse the ch Indian armies aft and solve nat democractically interference, do av fascist administrat O Disband the ill ensure national fre and win the dem rights.

15 OCTOBER 1989
their decision not Talking with the t the Tigers have un-cooperative in lent relations be
onference shrugptics as just an g could effectively ce of governance a large section of
the population, those who still refuse to come into the political mainstream could well be isolated.
Except for the Tigers other Tamil political parties have voiced both their dissatisfacion at the structure of government today and suggested changes that could resolve the national question. Now could well be the opportunity for all the political parties in the country to help achieve that.
JECTS CALL EMNS APC
Irence is in reality konference. Except Socialist Front of all other parties in indirectly approve
They depend on ry aid from India, release by the Janatha Vimukthi
APC is to form a ent with all the them cabinet and posts and thereby tional monetary obtain aid and illegal fascist hatever happens will gain victory rticipating in the their victory. All ntry should realise s release said. he parties who are mperialism cannot ce or safeguard ure human rights. ant human rights n.Therefore no one thin this so called
th of this country, and the entire hd sacrificing their r the purpose of ive power from anding it over to Laike. They are down their lives
f the Indo-Lankan d the Provincial
from the autocracy stern provinces;
Indian invading
anges brought by r their occupation onal problems without foreign ay with the illegal )n,
gal fascist forces, dom and integrity, cratic and human
In short the entire nation will fight against tyranny until national freedom and these aspirations are achieved, the Press release said.
PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT CALL ΡΕΙΤΕΡΑΤΕΙΟ
The United Socialist Alliance in a communique on its consultations with President R. Premadasa on 4 October, states that the principal proposal of the United Socialist Alliance for the resolution of the present national crisis is the setting up of a Provisional Government. The need for this first step is recognised in the joint statement of the parliamentary opposition dated 27.8.1989.
The communique saild: “The statement issued by the five opposition parties on 27th August 1989, identifies amo ng other matters the establishment of a Provisional Government charged with the
restoration of peace and normalcy and
the holding of free and fair elections and for the Executive Presidency to be replaced by a Prime Minister responsible to Parliament as some of the necessary structural changes for a satisfactory solution to the national crisis.
"This Alliance has proposed a Provisional Government because in its considered view the present government is incapable of reestablishing defnocratic processes of government and opposition. It further views this government as incapable of maintaining the unity, integrity, sovereignty and independence of this country in a situation in which the ethnic crisis remains unresolved.
"The idea of a National Government which appears to be favoured by the President is viewed with suspicion by the people. This Alliance cannot accept a Provisional Government as a substitute for the Provisional Government it has proposed'.
The President has made no response to the proposal for a provisional government.
The USA thinks that no proposal can be made through a bi-lateral discussion unless a favourable response from the President forms its basis. The USA will not participate in a bi-latera. discussion but reiterates its demand for a provisional government.

Page 5
15 OCTOBER 1989
VARSITY LECTURER V.URDERED IN JAFFNA
Dr. Rajini Thiranagama of the Anazomy Department of the University of Jaffna was shot dead near her home by an unidentified lone gunman on 21 September. At the time of her killing, she was the only lecturer attached to is Department and served as its nead.
No one has claimed responsibility for Rajini's murder, but the EPRLF and the LTTE has accused each other of this foul crime. Mother of two young daughters, 35 year old Rajini is the sister of the well known Mrs. Nirmala Nithiyanandan, was a member of the fna University Teachers for Human Rights and had co-authored many reports detailing human rights abuses by he IPKF and Tamil militant groups. In the last few months she had received threats and her home had been repeatedly raided by armed men who had taken away documents.
The South Asia Solidarity Group in the UK, with which Rajini had closely worked in the past, in a statement "The situation in northern Sri Lanka is so confused that although one can say why she was assassinated, we cannot place the blame on only one quarter...It is possible that Rajini's killer was acting on instructions from the IPKF or the Research and Analysis Wing — RAW (the Indian Secret Serice). However it may also be the work of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam which since the recent truce with the PKF is trying to eliminate all those aho have dared to criticise them'.
In condemning the murder of Rajini, the General Council of the Standing Committee of Tamils (SCOT) said, "The mindless murder of Dr. Rajini Thiranagama, a dedicated academic and huran rights activist, is an act of unvarned terrorism. Those who carried out this diabolical murder stand selfcondemned by their own cowardice and lack of courage to accept responsibility for what they have done. The untimely and tragic demise of Rajini is not only a loss for the Jaffna University, but also for the entire Tamil community'.
UNIVERSITY TEACHERS CONDEMN
RAJIN’S MURDER
The University of Jaffna Teachers' Association, in a statement to the press has condemned the murder of Dr Rajini Thiranagama. Head of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jaffna.
The Association said: "Dr Rajini hiranagama was the only lecturer
attached to the and served as
dedicated to he dents were in affected by the
"At a time wh situation, doctol try, when those are very relucta the University spurned all the way to live co stead she cho motherland to s "She was in the rian activities s tion of adversel the establishme She did not al
Rajani Thiranag killed?
political party or fearlessly and cr whoever violate strongly believe people's organisa man rights and that the atmosph to the establishr nisations.
“A very good ir to duty and the was the role she University re-op operations of Oc
"Mass murder regular uninvest killings in our ov have once agair portance of hum Rajini Thirana those instrumen man rights wor teachers in the ( Human Rights ing Amnesty Int national Alert) nowledged the in
 

TAMIL TIMES 5
Anatomy Department ts Head. She was so r work that the stuno way adversely shortage of lecturers.
en, due to the political s are leaving the counwho have gone abroad nt to return and serve , Dr. Thiranagama offers that came her nfortably abroad Ine to return to her }rve the community.
forefront of humanitauch as the rehabilita7 affected women and ut of democratic rights. gn herself with any
ama - why was she
group but spoke out itically whenever and human rights. She in the necessity of tions to safeguard huhe was grief-stricken ere was not conducive hent of people's orga
stance of her devotion institution she served played in getting the ned after the military ober 1987.
s in the South and igated and unclaimed yn part of the country
highlighted the iman rights groups. Dr. gama was amongst tal in organising huamongst university ountry. International rganisations (includ2rnational and Interave respectfully ackpartiality with which
she exposed violations by all groups and institutions.
"The murder of a socially committed and dedicated person like Dr. Rajini Thiranagama has shocked and dismayed us. Such murders don't concern only the individual and his or her family, they severely affect the whole community. But immersing the people in fear and servility, they are impediments in the march to freedom and human dignity. They blunt the people's heroic striving for freedom. Hence political murders like this should stop forthwith.
The statement added: "To achieve this goal, all political parties, liberation movements and organisations should get together and sincerely condemn such murders. They should concertedly take constructive steps to see that such murders are not committed in the future. Otherwise civilised life becomes impossible and higher educational institutions like the University may not be able to function in a normal and healthy atmosphere.
FEDERATION CONDEMNS KILLING
The Federation of University Teachers' Association of Sri Lanka condemning the assassination of Dr. (Mrs.) Rajini Thiranagama Head of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Jaffna has in a Press release stated that this death was yet another instance of violence being directed against the intellectuals of this country and particularly the University community.
The following is the full text of the Press release.
The Federation of University Teachers' Association views with deep shock and sorrow the killing of our colleague from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna Dr. (Mrs.) Rajini Thiranagama.
Dr. Thirinagama was a respected academic with a deep commitment in defending human and democratic rights of the people. She also played an active role in the Women's movement in this country.
This death is yet another instance of violence being directed against the intellectuals of this country and particularly the University community.
History has shown that reaction eventually directs its guns at the intellectuals of a country. We seem to be moving into such a phase.
FUTA condemns this assassination in the strongest terms. We tender our sincere condolences to the family of our late colleague and to the members of the University of Jaffna where she worked as Head of the Dept. of Anatomy.

Page 6
6 TAMIL TIMES
RS 42.8 BILLION BUDGET DEFICIT
Government will be facing a deficit of Rs. 42.8 billion in bridging its planned budgetary commitments for the financial year 1990 according to a Cabinet memorandum released to the press yesterday.
The memorandum states that total expenditure for 1990 is estimated at Rs. 103,043 million while revenue is estimated at Rs. 60,200 million leaving a deficit of Rs. 42,843 million.
The total expenditure comprises Rs. 60,323 million in recurrent expenditure and Rs. 40,720 million in capital expenditure. The appropriation Bill will be submitted in Parliament on November 7.
The last budget presented in May this year faced a deficit of Rs. 43,995 million of which Rs. 40 miilion was met through foreign aid, grants and domestic non-inflationary borrowing, leaving a gap of Rs. 3,395 million to be financed by borrowing from the banking system.
GOVT. UNDERMINING PCS - NSSP
The NSSP said in a statement issued on 2 October that the recent announcement by the government that district government agents and many district administration staff will not be brought under the Provincial Council, shows clearly that the government is bent on undermining the very objective of the Provincial Councils. "The central government agency that is necessary to look after the subject and functions of the reserve list and the interests in the concurrent list should be a provincial agency and not a set of district government agents. It is strange indeed to hear that a number of subjects in the concurrent list is to be controlled by the central government”, it said.
It added that the 13th Amendment itself was being interpreted by the central government to the disadvantage of the Provincial Councils, in effect against Tamils with no indication whatsoever for making any constitutional amendments, to provide for further devolution.
The statement added that "under these circumstances it is very unlikely that this government will be able to get the hand of Indian intervention dislodged from Sri Lanka. Even those Tamil organizations which have decided to move forward through Provincial Council reforms are getting more and more disillusioned and may prepare for agitation and struggle in the coming period. Obviously they have to defend themselves. LTTE which rejects Provincial Councils for separation, will not keep up the opportunist
friendship with the recently.
“Continuation of means continuous North and in the S. will be difficult for ment to detach itse ment in the North e Therefore the appe the removal of this provisional governm free elections is rele side of greater auto the right of self det Tamil speaking peo
RELE REFU
Nearly five lakhs affected by the eth 1983 in the North
In the Jaffna Dis lies were affected, in families, in Trincor lies, in Kilinochchi Mannar 26,472 fam vu 24,252 families, i families and in Am lies were affect Waratharaja Perum of the North-East P
He further said 418,588 cases had and family cardsh 35,783 families.
Nearly Rs. 800 m financial assistance for resettlement, houses and initiati said.
LONDON-BA APPEALS F
A London-based bo Sri Lanka Peace C Ven. Walpola Rahu Avebury) has issue a halt to killings ir others by former M Gunasekera who l cently after two o killed by unidentifi
The appeal state We, the unders cerned at the deter Sri Lanka, call upc community to app killings and attack parts of the countr The ever-mount mutilation of bod ances, harassment the breakdown oft ses of law, the prol education and int. services, the disin services and sever production and di are making life ordinary people of No-one's life is sa in fear, as neighbo

15 OCTOBER 1989
government forged
this government Inrest both in the uth. In addition it he Indian governf from its involveven if it wishes to. all made by us for
government by a ent capable of fair, vant even from the nomy, security and ermination for the ple”.
F FOR GEES
of families were nic violence since lastern Province. trict, 96,874 fami1 Batticaloa 90, 221 nalee 52,000 fami27,485 families, in ilies, in Mullaithin Vavuniya 23,300 parai 52,000 famied said Mr. A. al, Chief Minister rovince.
that out of this, been investigated ave been issued to
illion was given as to 535,000 families
construction of ng production, he
ASED BODY 'OR PEACE
dy styling itself the ommittee (Patron: la, Chairman: Lord a public appeal for Sri Lanka among Pand lawyer Prins :ft the country ref his juniors were 2d gunmen.
gned, deeply conorating situation in n the international al for a halt to the s on citizens in all
ng loss of life, the es, the disappearand intimidation, ne ordinary procesnged suspension of rruption of health egration of public disruption of the tribution of goods, ntolerable for the Sri Lanka.
e and all are living urs disappear, rela
tives are gunned down on their doorsteps, and menacing posters appear everywhere.
HOSPITAL STAFF STAGE DEMO
The entire staff of the Trincomalee hospital staged a four-hour demonstration on 3 October as a protest against the kidnapping of Dr. Gnanasekaran, a dental surgeon of the hospital by unknown men on September 30.
They later walked in procession to the office of the North-East Provincial Council and handed over a memorandum to Mr. Varatharaja Perumal, Chief Minister of the Province regarding the kidnapping incident. They resumed work four hours later.
The members of the public including school children staged a similar demonstration protesting against the kidnapping of the dental surgeon.
Both demonstrations were peaceful.
RESPECT FOR TEACHERS DECLINING
"The high traditions and the teacherstudent relationship maintained from the times of our ancestors in our areas are fast deteriorating. The simple life and the thinking capacity of our scholars are fast vanishing. Our students must regard teachers as their "guru” and respect them in every possible way'. This was stated by Prof. Dr. Alagaiya Thurairajah the ViceChancellor of the Jaffna University who was the chief guest at a ceremony held recently to mark the release of a book at the Kailasapathy Auditorium of the Jaffna University.
The book written by Prof. V. Sivasamy the Dean of the Department of Sanskrit at the University of Jaffna was released on the occasion.
Prof. C. Pathmanathan of the Department of History chaired the meeting.
Dr. P. Gopalakrishnan, Head of the Department of Hindu Civilization, said that Sanskrit had always been the basis for the progress of their culture and the promotion of the various studies. The role it played in the Hindu Kovils was tremendous.
Dr. N. Balakrishnan, Dean of the faculty of Arts said that Sanskrit was the gateway to culture.
REGG|E MICHAEL DEAD
Reggie Michael, a former Editor of the "Ceylon Daily Mirror' and a senior English Language journalist died or 25 September in Colombo at the age oi 67 after a brief illness.
R.L. Michael who began his journa

Page 7
15 OCTOBER 1989
listic career at Lake House earned a reputation for his flamboyant writing best represented by the "Opinion' colunn which he wrote as Editor of the "Daily Mirror'. In the 1960's which was the heyday of his career he had a wide following among middle-class English readers.
After leaving the Times he founded and edited his own newspaper. After 1977 he also served as media consultant to several (Government agencies and at the time of his death was Public Relations Consultant to the National Water Supply and Drainage Board. He conducted a popular journalism course at Aquinas College. I
Mr. Michael also contributed Columns to II any newspapers including 'the Island" among them "Ravi Reporting a column of light humour.
He leaves his wife and only son. The funeral will take place today.
PRELATES CALL FOR END TO ON-GOING KILLINGS
The Buddhist Mahanayakes, in their letter to President Premada sa hawe called for an immediate end to the оп-going killings.
The letter, signed by the i Mahanayake Theras of Amarapura and Ramanya Nikayas, the Mahanayake Thera of Asgiriya Chapter and two an unayakes of Malwatte Chapter, dated September 14 also lamented over the large scale arrests, killings, torture, burning with tyres and disrobing of Buddhist monks taking place in the country today.
It further said:
"These killings and violence whether they are by indisciplined members of the security forces or subversives in hiding or private parties who want to avenge previous incidents, the scores of corpses littering the roads - of the clergy and laity, men and women, young and old-cause great distress to L.
"People pass their time in shock, fear, want and utter distress in homes, temples and on the road. The victims are mostly Sinhalese buddhists,
There are reports about an invisible power behind the present action to discredit Buddhist monks and laymen. The order given by the Secretary to the Defence Ministry to inform i Mahanayake Theras of the arrests of monks and related particulars through the Secretary to the Buddha Sasana Ministry is not being implemented.
"There are accepted laws to punish offenders, whether they are monks or laymen. No one has the right to override them and slaughter human beings like cats and dogs under the cover of curfew and immunity for actions, under the Emergency. We condemn the capture or the retention of power
through the mass;
"We expect all support the action dent to enable the out fear and get ah "While the All looking for ways a ing these objective Government to pri end to the killings: prevent the furth of lives. We appeal leaders and the in these proposals',
EVERYLAN RS. 13,00 WMO
The Sri Lankan g bted to other count Rs. 13,870 for ewe at the beginning ol Central Balk stati The report reve foreign and local 221,917 millions 222 billions).
The local debt c( Rs. 98,780 million , froIn the IMF ar sources was Rs. 12.
LTTE TO A AS 'N' ADMINIS STRU(
"We will prove very Tigers are the aut tives of our people and our people W elections when app of peace and norn said Anton Balasil dited spokes man fi intervice w with Ch Guardian in Colom Mr. Balasingham other delegates of third round of talks sa government, and participate in elec sponse to an off Varatharaja Perun of the EPRLF dom Provincial Council.
Mr. Perumal told held in Trincomale that the EPRLF-E be willing for the l cial Council to be di for fresh elections and parties in th represented in the out that peace coul the province only political parties uni
"The LTTE ho groups and hawe a i in the North and enters the democ ready to face fresh

acre of people.
political parties to taken by the Presipeople to live without with their work. Party Conference is nd means of achiev. 2s, we appeal to the opose al inmediate at the very outset, to 2T loss of thousands also to other party militants to support
KAN OWES Ο TO THE RLD
Üvernment is indelries, to the tuIle of yone of its citizens 1989, according to stics, . ܦ
alled that the total debt stood at Rs. approximately RS.
ImplOrleIt exceeded while the borrowing ld Warious foreign 3,130) Imilliol,
CCEPT PC TERIM TRATIWE CTURE
Soon that the Tamil hentic representa. Our OrganisatioIII fill definitely face rop Tiate Conditions halcy are created", ligham, the accre. ir the LTTE in a 1 risi Nuttall of The
is in Colombo with the LTTE for the with the Prernadathe LTTE's offer to ions came in rear. Inade by Mr. „al, Chief Minister inated North-East
a press conference on 26 September DLF-TELO would lorth-East Provinissolved and stand nabling all groups 2 province to be ouncil. He pointed be established in by all groups and ing. ld join with all ordial relationship last. If the LTTE atic path we are PC-elections and
TAMIL TIMES 7
form a provincial council which is represented by all groups, the Chief Minister added.
Mr. Balasingham conveying the sincerity of the LTTE said, "We are sincere in the sense that our people have suffered so much at the hands of the Indian forces. There is a demand for peace and a return to normalcy'. He added that the Tigers were prepared to accept the North-Eastern Provincial Council as an interin administrative structure, and that they would contest elections once it was dissolved and within six IIonths of the Indian departLITü.
CONSCRIPTION FOR "TRAINING IN NORTH-EAST
Reports from various parts of the North-East Province in Sri Lanka confirm that Tamil militant groups, EPRLF, ENDLF and TELO, are engaged in the conscription of teenage boys for training in the use of weapons and other related matters, The Conscription has been intensified particularly since the announcement that the IPKF would pullout by the end of December this year,
School attendance has dropped and parents are er Inploying every meth0d possible to send their teenage children out of the North-East to Colombo, and if possible abroad, to avoid them being
Continued on Page 19
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8 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 9
15 OCTOBER 1989
THE CHANGINGS
The joint communique signed in Colombo on the 18th September in a sartorial atmosphere of light and shade - by Indian High Commissioner L.L. Mehrotra dressed in casual summer wear and Sri Lankan Foreign Secretary Bernard Tilekeratne in dark suit - has been variously headlined in the media as an "agreement', 'accord' and “pact', and widely welcomed with eager enthusiasm. THE HINDU of Madras even ran the exciting headline: DAWN OF PEACE IN NORTH-EAST SRI LANKA, (Sept. 21) little realising the irony that lay behind the words - that Peace should "dawn' over the intended departure of a Peace Keeping Force
Apart from the fact that the bad smells of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement (or 'accord' or "pact) of July 29, 1987 have still not left us, it would be erring on the side of optimism to call or this rambling communique by any of these names - so couched it is with vagueness and inexactitudes, and so riddled with loopholes. At best, the communique could be termed as a mutual expression of intentions. But even there, one would be inclined to pose before both parties the traditional question that many a sensible father asks the suitor who asks for his daughter's hand: 'Young man are your intentions honourable?". The task of translating the words of the communique into action is already taking the form of a dialogue between the deaf and the dumb; with New Delhi getting slightly deaf on the question of a total IPKF withdrawal by December 31, and Colombo somewhat dumb on the matter of the effective functioning of the NorthEast Provincial Council.
The quibbling over the quid pro quos on both sides began in right earnest even before the ink on the communique had dried. An External Affairs Ministry spokesman in New Delhi started the ball rolling the very same day by saying that the communique "did not contain iron-clad guarantees on the part of India to complete withdrawal of its remaining forces by December 31'. The LTTE in a statement released in London kicked the ball back by saying that it was "disappointed to observe that the commentaries and interpretations made by Indian Foreign Ministry officials in Delhi seem to contradict the contents of thejoint communique . ...' On the 22nd, Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Ranjan Wijeratne joined the ball game in Colombo with the categorical statement that there was no question of a linkage between "the ensuring of the safety of the Tamils and the maintenance of law and order in the northeastern province' and the withdrawal of the IPKF by December 31. Not to be outdone, Indian Minister of State for
NORTH
by S. Sivar
External Affairs Na ing before a consu tary Committee i clear', according to the ensuring of the and maintenance o the north-east coul with the question o (withdrawal, to yo IPKF. It was left madasa to kick the on the 23rd, whi convocation ceremo anaike Centre for dies in Colombo h country had succee securing the withdr “we cannot rest ur succeeded in fact. however close, or any nation may be, control other nation dictate our policies unwelcome presenc blood of Sri Lankan has not been shed t country'.
In an age of d where no politiciani what he says or sa President Premad would naturally fall of what fashionable tators call 'rhetoric'. be more rhetoric' Delhi drags its feet drawal process, wh will. Given the bac very signing of the delayed by 48 hou: "changing of commas is also likely that a c clowning with the ("de-induction', 'inte the Indian side, and promise, and conse madasa's) will persi tractions may be con What is of the essenc tive change has alre in Indo-Sri Lankare ground situation in which may not be a now, but the impac felt only in the comi has been paved - 1 munique - for new north-east, the const would in all likeliho hands of President P pling with the securi south-west.
Even a cursory re munique reveals tha mitments on the Ind ly time-bound, the ' Lankan obligations out offer ample scope

TAMIL TIMES 9
CENARIO IN THE
- EAST
ауаgапт
twar Singh speaktative ParliamenDelhi "made it a UNI report, that afety of the Tamils law and order in d not be delinked f the "de-induction' 1 and me) of the to President Preball furthest when e addressing the ny of the BandarInternational Stue said while the ded in principle in awal of the IPKF, til we have fully
However far, or however powerful it has no right to s. It has no right to or maintain an e on our soil. The s past and present (o subordinate our
evious diplomacy s expected to mean y what he means, asa's statements into the category political commenThere is bound to every time New on the IPKF withich predictably it kground that the communique was rs because of the ; here and there', it ertain clinging and
Queen's English gral documento on consultation, comnsus’ on Mr Prest. But these disveniently ignored. e is that a qualitaady occurred both lations and in the the north-east, parent to the eye of which will be ng year. The way hrough the com
equations in the 2cuences of which bd strengthen the remadasa in grapty situation in the
ading of the comit while the coman side are largeway that the Sri have been spelt for prevarication.
In contrast, the most tangible part of the communique with a definitive ring about it was the one that said; "The Indian side stated that the suspension of offensive military operations by the IPKF will come into effect at 0600 hours (6 a.m. to you and me) on the 20th September, 1989'. That has already come into effect, and there cannot be any going back on it. The unfortunate chapter of Indian military intervention is now closed. There is no need to rub in the fact that it represents a "handsome victory for President Premadasa', as a Bombay paper commented editorially. But the point must not be missed that the main beneficiary of this handsome victory will not be President Premadasa himself but the LTTE. The jungle need not be their forte; the ground is opening to them.
One does not of course imply by this that from now on everything is going to be tickety-boo for either Mr. Premadasa or for the LTTE. It only means that the first round has gone in their favour. The next round involves several imponderables: firstly, tiding over the process of bickering over the complete "de-induction' of the IPKF, a question on which both Minister Natwar Singh and General Kalkat can be expected to offer a last-ditch stand; secondly, the degree of success that President Premadasa can achieve in meeting the JVP threat; thirdly, the nature of the stances the other actors in this blood-spilling drama are going to adopt - the JVP primarily, the SLFP, the USA, the EROS, EPRLF and other sundry Tamil groups that today enjoy IPKF patronage, which in varying degrees would have a bearing on the course of events.
On the question of the IPKF pullout, the communique says: “.. . . .the process of de-induction of the IPKF, which recommenced on 29th July, 1989, will be continued on an expeditious schedule. All efforts will be made to accelerate the de-induction of the IPKF to complete de-induction by 31st December 1989”. What does the process of de-induction which recommenced on 29th July mean in terms of numbers? Here is the record: July 29: 600 troops from Trinco; August 7: 900 of the 35th CRPF battalion from KKS: August 8: 700 of the Gorkha battalion from Trinco; August 22:51 Engineering Regim e n t ( number s not announced); August 27: 500 paratroopers from Jaffna; September 4: 700 of an Infantry battalion; and September 23: 600 of the Parachute Regiment (not to forget two Jaffnabred Pomeranian pups that were inducted into Indian soil). That incidentally was the first batch of troops to be withdrawn after the Colombo com
munique. Roughly, the numbers tot up

Page 10
iO TAMIL TIMES
aišie
to 4500 troops withdrawn within a period of two months. The 'expeditious schedule” referred to in the communiue may not be worked out until the Peace Committee meets on October 9 and reviews the cease-fire. Presuming that the strength of the remaining forces is around 45,000 (or even 40,000) it would mean the colossal task of an average DALY pull-out of 500 troops within the 80 days between 10th October and 31st December - an unlikely undertaking even if all efforts are made to accelerate the process.
Apart from troop withdrawal, how about tanks, armoured personnel carriers, artillery pieces and a whole gamut of other hardware? A correspondent of a New Delhi weekly (SUNDAY MAIL, Sept. 24-30), reports that Army Headquarters considers the December 31 deadline as 'unrealistic'. One officer had lamented; “Ultimately the decision will not be ours. If the exercise had commenced when the Sri Lankan President said we should leave by July 29, we might have been out by December-end. As things stand now, it seems impossible'. It was pointed out that the induction of the IPKF which at peak strength comprised about 50,000 troops, took nearly a year. If the de-induction is to take place by air, that has to be on a war footing the costs of which would be astronomical and at considerable disruption of traf. fic at several Indian airports, which however does not seem to be the intention of New Delhi while signing the joint communique. It can therefore be concluded that there will be an IPKF presence that President Premadasa and the LTTE will have to put up with until some period in the coming year; not only because of the logistics of de-induction but more possibly because of what Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi once referred to as "preserving the gains of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of 1987. The only factor that could induce a change in this scenario is the impending Indian election.
If at least the bulk of the Indian forces is withdrawn by year-end, that should give enough elbow room to Mr. Premadasa to move with a heavier hand on the JVP, should the latter fail to revise their strategies. Much is made of the contention that the JVP being anti-systemic, an IPKF withdrawal alone cannot counter the threat it poses to the Sri Lanka establishment. But when it comes to the crunch, no force, however intimidatory it may seem at the moment, could possibly succeed in overthrowing a system unless the vast mass of the people share that outlook. What pervades Sinhala society today is not an anarchic impulse, but the very fear of anarchy. There is a difference between the reality of power and the illusion of power; where the JVP has succeeded, is in convincing the mass of the Sinhala
people of the illusion distressing is the ( failure, both on the as well as the politi address their miı damentals of crisis-n the present internal bolised by floating co bodies) has its ant external mind-set a has yet to be realise meaning radicals dis truth by trotting out from the book. If the has grasped this tru indications that he h he is with intellectu lies the hope for both Tamils.
Considering the f madasa assumed of odds (unlike his pre had to inherit the leg cessor's 11-year mi Tamil separatist thn east, a resurgent Si in the south-west, presence, a rapid mi entire society, a slow democratic values, going downhill); that paddle his own cano gues within his own to stand up to diplon pressures from a reg with no support eit senior party colleag democratic Opposit month tenure in offic did contrast to M eleven year misadve fact that one suspect to the Sinhala consc at the popular level perceptions of th ligentsia. Should som break up into two, o Ruhuna reasserting the face of failure ti rule, it is not Mr. Ph be to blame, but t who would have f support at a critical history.
On the north-eas the Tamil groups under the protectiv IPKF persist in aggressive postures, ally be living on b( happily there is induction of striden tempered by an anx future. The cease-f there is every possi hold in the main, n. lated acts of violen counter-charges of cent statement of C daraja Perumal tha to step down from Council and hold fi LTTE gave up viol democratic mainsti face of it as a welc

15 OCTOBER 1989
fpower. Equally ntinued Sinhala art of the people
ans in power, to
ls to the funanagement. That ed tragedy (sympses and charred edence in their ainst the Tamils , with even wellracting from this conomic theories present President n- and there are Ls — unfettered as l baggage, there
;he Sinhalese and
ct that Mr. Preice under heavy lecessor); that he acies of his prede
rule (a growing
eat in the north
inhala insurgency
an alien military litarization of the disintegration of and an economy , he was forced to 2 because of intriparty; that he had natic and military ional super-power ner from his own gues or from the on, his brief 9ze stands in splenr. Jayewardene’s nture - a glaring s has yet to seep in iousness not only , but even in the
Sinhala intel
he day the country reven three, with its ancient will in stem Tamil selfemadasa who will e Sinhala people illed to lend him point in their own
ern front, should now functioning umbrella of the linging to their they would naturrrowed time. But a gradual "dey in their outlook, 2us concern of the re has held, and ility that it would withstanding isoand charges and iolations. The reief Minister Vara
he was prepared ffice, dissolve the sh elections if the ice and joined the am sounds on the me gesture in the
right direction. Quite apart from the certainty that it will not evoke any serious response from the LTTE, at least not until the last Indian jawan has left, there is a significant undertone in the statement that should not be missed. It could be a bid to entice the LTTE away from the "embrace' in Colombo, on the basis of an acceptance of LTTE supremacy, and an invitation for joint efforts to wrest more powers from the Centre. But having lost credibility among the people, both at the leadership and cadre levels, one cannot foresee any great political future for either the EPRLF or the other groups associated with it. The frequent references to the ensuring of the security and safety of the Tamils once the IPKF departs, are largely red herrings across the trail. What is relevant is not the projected spectre of the Sri Lankar army waiting to pounce on the Tamils but the avoidance of another round of bloodshed in the north-east arising from internecine warfare among the groups, in which unarmed civilians may themselves get sucked in. It is not often recognised that there is a basic difference between the past Sri Lankan army presence in the north-east and that of the IPKF. While the formel was engaged in attempting forays from inside army camps, culminating in an open offensive at Vadamarachchi (an operation that President Jayewardene then claimed was the result of years of planning) the Indian troop presence, bigger in numbers than the total strength of the Sri Lankan army, was all-pervasive - saturating the entire length and breadth of populated areas, and regulating the daily life of the civilian population. The removal of such a presence will certainly create a vacuum that cannot possibly be filled by the Sri Lankan army (one does not see any such intention anyway) nor by any one Tamil group as at present. The Civilian Volunteer Force constituted in dubious circumstances may prove to be more a wrecker of peace than a preserver. There are no signs of the emergence of a Police Force either. In such a situation, there would be no point in blaming the Premadasa Government. The key to peace would effectively lie in the hands of the Tamil armed groups and the resourcefulness of the larger public in standing up to gun culture.
While one has to be realistic and accept the position that in a violenceprone society, with guns in the hands of an assorted section of youths, both disciplined and indisciplined, ready to pull the trigger for a variety of reasons. Peace cannot dawn suddenly. But making due allowance for this debilitating factor, there is every reason to believe that the changing scenario in the north-east has opened a new chapter hopefully the penultimate chapter before law and order and stability return.

Page 11
5 OCTOBER 1989
NEWS ROUND-UP
O ALL UNCULTIVATED lands would be taken over by the state from January next year thus reviving a law that had remained dormant for nearly 15 years, the Minister of Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives, Lalith Athulathmudali told a press conference on 15 September. A new strategy for agricultural development in the country had been mapped out taking account of the fact that Sri Lanka had a small-holding agricultural set-up, a large number of people had less than two acres of land, landlessness was growing in the context of an expanding population and although agricultural production had gone up, the income of the farmers had not increased, the Minister said.
O A GOVERNMENT communique issued on 17 September stated: "The ongoing security operations have become necessary only to bring under control acts of violence against the people and destruction of property. This is a duty cast upon the security forces during the period of an emergency. If the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) and their associate the Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya (DJV) communicate their willingness to respond positively to the repeated call of the government for the restoration of peace and normalcy, then there will be no need for the forces to continue their ongoing security operations. In such an event the Government is prepared to set up a Committee to monitor the effective maintenance of the cessation of violence'.
O SEVERAL BODIES of youth were found at eight different places at Kamburupitiya on 15 September according to security reports. In the same area, on 16 September, five post offices and ticket collectors of five state-owned buses were robbed by armed gangs. At Pujapitiya in Kandy, a suspected JVP gang of youth set fire to two sub-post offices. Several 'anti-government subversives' were arrested - nine at Ambewela in Nuwara Eliya, 110 from St. Topaz Estate, and five at Kattiangala in Anuradhapura. An unidentified armed gang shot dead Mr. Sumanadasa Peiris, the Principal of the Handapangoda Maha Vidyalaya in Padukka. An Assistant Director of Janawasama, K.P.P. Karunanayake, was shot dead at Elagala. Four bodies of youths dumped at the Mapegama bus stop in Kurunegala on 15 September had not been removed till the morning of 17 September and dogs were seen devouring the badly mutilated bodies. Seven bodies were found smouldering on the morning of 16 September at Kapuhenapola. Similar scenes were witnessed at Mabotuwana and Wakwella. At Wakunagoda in the Galle district, Premaratna Perera, a former private bodyguard of a UNP Matara District MP was shot dead. During the previous week, police recovered fifty-five bodies of youth from the Panadura river. The youths had been killed and dumped in the river by unidentified groups wearing uniforms and carrying firearms. Large crowds had gathered around the Panadura bridge to see the bodies floating in the river. Three unidentified bodies of young persons were found burning by the roadside along Galle Road at Moligoda in Wadduwa on the morning of 17 September.
O TRAIN SERVICES on most lines remained paralysed for ten consecutive days as railway guards and engine drivers continued to refrain from their duties on the ground of lack of security. According to a statement made on 17 September by a Transport official, only about 10 to 15 trains operated on a day during these days as against the normal 90 that should operate daily. Reports from outstations indicated that a large number of railway stations throughout the country were virtually closed as most trains were not operating.
O AREUTER REPORT datelined 18 September, quoting a senior Indian government official stated that a complete withdrawal of Indian troops from Sri Lanka by the end of the year will depend on whether the island's Tamils get the
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 11
required assurances about their safety. Stressing that the agreement between the Sri Lankan and Indian governments repeatedly referred to the safety and security of the people in the Tamil dominated North-East, the official said, "Both sides have seen it as central to the whole arrangement. It is an integral document. You cannot take one paragraph on its own and delink it from any other paragraph'. O PRESIDENT OF MALDIVES, Maymoon Abdul Gayoom, has commuted to life imprisonment the death sentences passed on four Maldivians and twelve Sri Lankan Tamils, alleged to be former members of the Tamil militant group PLOT, who took part in an attempted coup d'etat against the government on 3 November 1988. Addressing the nation om radio and television, the President said that he had made the decision after considering the issue when the sixteen convicted persons appealed for clemency. He said that his decision was made in the best long term interest of the nation and on humanitarian grounds.
O FN A SIX-DAY military operation ending on September 16, the IPKF launched attacks on nine LTTE camps in Kottukulam in the Trincomalee district killing 40 and wounding 28 LTTE cadres, a press release from the Indian High Commission claimed. Five IPKF men were killed and 16 others wounded; the CVF which also participated in the operation lost the lives of two men and 16 were wounded: and large quantities of ammunition and explosives were captured, the press release added. : OTHENSSP (Nava Sama Samaja Party) led by Vasudeva Nanaykkara in a statement issued on 18 September stated that on September 15 an armed gang abducted three of its party members, who are also trade union leaders, from the headquarters of the Janaraja Saukiya Seva Sangamaya. šis
O AN OFFICE of a tea estate in Badulla belonging to the state-owned JEDB was set on fire by an unidentified gang on the night of 17 September. The damage caused is estimated to be around one million rupees. ;
O THREE CIVILIANS were killed and 25 others including eight policemen wounded when a time bomb placed in a private van exploded near the Gampaha police station on 19 September. The explosion caused severe damage to adjoining shops and to the police station. The driver of the van is believed to have escaped after parking the vehicle about 15 yards from the police station. wm O ABOUT TWENTY government buildings including fourteen sub-post offices were set on fire in the Matara and Anuradhapura districts on 18 September. The grama sevaka office at Bamunugama east in the Matara district was also set on fire. Eight suspected 'subversives were killed and over 245 youths were taken into custody on 18 September. In another operation in Kurunegala 125 youths were rounded up and 19 of them were detained suspected of being connected with the JVP. A suspected JVP gang set fire to the telephone exchange at Wattegama on the same day. At Muddaragama in the Mirigama area eleven youths were killed and their bodies were set on fire by an armed gang. O SECURITY FORCES, on 18 September, shot dead two suspected JVP men who were alleged to have attempted to flee after setting fire to a sub-post office at Dodanpahala in the Dickwella area. At Katoyawa (Track 9) in the Anuradhapura district, bodies of eight persons were recovered after being slashed to death by an armed gang. At Kandana, one youth was shot dead and his body set on fire by army personnel. Gunmen shot dead E.A. Siyadoris, a resident of Welligama Batawala colony on 18 September. O A GOVERNMENT communique issued on 19 September stated that 39 'subversives' surrendered to the security forces in Colombo Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Puttalam. H.D. Jinadasa, "a subversive leader' who escaped from the Magazine prison in Colombo last December surrendered with 13 others in Anamaduwa. In the Passara area, security forces recovered 375 stolen national identity cards,

Page 12
12 TAML TIMES
NEWSROUNDUE
108 radio licences and 41 TV licences from a 'subversive hideout'. At Udurawana in the Wattegama area, shotguns, cartridges, several rounds of ammunition, army batons, cap and collar badges of the Gemunu Regiment were recovered. In the Kurunegala district, 'subversives' set fire to the Muwankanda rubber factory and several government buildings. At Muriyankulama Mee Oya in the Puttalam area, security forces killed two 'subversives' and recovered shotguns, 80 kgs of explosives, cartridges, 24 detonators, batteries, wires and police and army uniforms. In the Trincomalee sector, the IPKF recovered a large number of mines and wires from LTTE bases. Four LTTE men who attempted to place a 10 kilo time bomb at the entrance to the Vavuniya Kachcheri building were fired upon by CVF personnel.
O TWENTY TWO BODES were recovered from different parts of the country on 19 September - eleven bodies from Matale district, three at Habarana and five from Polonnaruwa and Matara districts. A chopped body believed to be that of N.R. Udenis, a resident of Hakmana was also found on the same day. Three bodies with gunshot injuries were found on Galle Road in Ratmalana on the morning of 19 September. O ANARMED GANG set fire to all documents in the offices of the Mayor and the Legal Officer of the Dehiwala-Mount Laviniya Municipal Council on 19 September. The Mayor who arrived at his office when the attackers were inside the offices was threatened at gun-point. O IN ACCORDANCE with the agreement between India and Sri Lanka, the IPKF suspended offensive military operations against the LTTE from 0600 hours on 20 September. General A.S. Kalkat, Commander of the IPKF in a press statement issued on 19 September stated that the IPKF would however (a) take appropriate action to ensure maintenance of law and order and security; (b) take action against any person or party indulging in military activity or attempting to disrupt normal life or communal harmony; and (c) take action against any person or parties carrying weapons/grenades/explosives, except as is necessary for the protection of leaders, MPs and Provincial Council Members. In such cases, prior intimation should be given to the local IPKF authorities. The statement added, "It is my earnest hope that all groups will adhere to the conditions laid down for the suspension of offensive military operations by the IPKF and contribute towards ushering in an era of peace stability and progress in the North-East province of Sri Lanka”. O 1800 SUPPORTERS and activists of political parties of whom 1600 belonged to the ruling United National Party had been killed since August 1987 by anti-government 'subversives', the Minister of industries Ranil Wickremasinghe told Parliament on 19 September. Unidentified gunmen attacked the residence of Sarath Gunawardene, a UNP Provincial Council Member, in Hikkaduwa on 19 September. At Morawaka, suspected JVP men set fire to three houses belonging to security service personnel after the occupants had been chased away. At Kottawa fifteen youths were killed and their bodies set fire reportedly by pro-government death squads. At Mabima close to Sapugaskanda, a number of unidentified bodies with burn injuries were recovered. O THE LIBERATION Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in a statement issued on 20 September stated, "The LTTE has already indicated its willingness to effect a ceasefire with the Indian army. We will observe ceasefire if the Indians cease all armed operations against our cadres. We reserve the right to self-defence if the Indian army or its quisling armed groups launch any armed action against the LTTE. . . .Though we have our own reservations with regard to the ulterior motives of the Indian strategy in Sri

15 OCTOBER 1989
Lanka, we hope that the Government of India will complete he withdrawal of troops by the 31st of December 1989, which will facilitate the resumption of peace and normalcy n the Tamil speaking region. We also wish to point out that he LTTE reserves the right to reconsider its decisions and e-evaluate its strategy in case the Government of India everses the course of peace and de-escalation of conflict and opt for the policy of military occupation by suspending the agreed process of troop withdrawal'.
O A FAMILY OF SEVEN including five children were shot and hacked to death by an armed gang at Colombara in the Uda Walawe area on 20 September. The victims have been identified as A. Wijesundara, A. Adrawathie and their children, three boys and two girls. The assailants set fire to the dead bodies before they fled. In a separate incident at Essalla in Veyangoda, the residence of a security forces commander was set on fire. An unidentified armed gang of youths raided the residence of SLFP MP, Gunawathie Dissanayake and shot dead a police constable and seriously wounded two others before setting fire to the house in Moneragala. O M. SIRIPALA, described as a local leader of the JVP, was shot dead on 20 September by the security forces while allegedly trying to escape after stabbing an army officer attached to the Angunukolapalessa. At Piliyandala, gunmen shot dead V.U. Ranasinghe, a former member of the JVP. On the same day, a young Buddhist monk with alleged JVP sympathies residing in a temple at Maha Vihara Road, Wadduwa, was kidnapped by an armed gang. A producer of the Sri Lanka Rupavahini (TV) Corporation, Rohan Welivita was abducted from his Padukka residence on 20 September by an unidentified gang when he was with his family. His whereabouts are not known.
O A GOVERNMENT communique issued on 21 September stated that security forces conducting cordon and search operations throughout the island took into custody 528 'subversives, 250 of them from the Ratmala area. In the Gampaha area several sub-post offices were robbed and set on fire. At Hiriwadunna in Kegalle District security forces on ambush killed one subversive and recovered three rifles, shotgun cartridges and ammunition from a 'subversive hideout'. At Kottegoda in the Dickwella area, an unidentified armed gang stabbed to death a family of four.
O THE LTTE in a statement issued on 21 September accused the Indian government 'of calculated actions to violate the ceasefire agreement'. The Indian armed forces had constructed new army camps at Urithirapuram, Kandapuram, Akarayanjunction and Kanagapuram; they rounded up villagers in Kopay and Varani on 20 September for investigations; and the Indian army and the EPRLF have warned the Tamil public that capital punishment would be meted out to all those who participated in the second anniversary celebrations to Thileepan which fell on 26 September, the statement added.
O FOUR GIRLS were among forty others killed in violence in separate incidents on 21 September. At Badagamuwa on the Kurunegala-Dambulla road, three girls were hacked and shot to death; the bodies of two young men were also recovered at the same spot; the faces of the victims were disfigured making identification difficult. At Dambokka, three miles off Kurunegala, eight youths were shot dead and their bodies set on fire by an armed gang. At Naiwala in the Pethiyagoda area 31 persons including women were killed by unidentified armed persons; the victims had been shot with automatic weapons at point-blank range before the killers set fire to their bodies. All these killings are believed to have been carried out by death squads associated with the security forces. An armed gang, allegedly belonging to the JVP, set fire to the headquarters of the Primary Courts in the Kurunegala District; all work in the Kurunegala, Dodangaslanda and Kadulawa have come to a standstill. In an attempt to disrupt the tea industry, armed JVP gangs set fire to tea factories in the Kamburupitiya

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15 OCTOBER 1989
Maraweala areas in the south. Enforced strikes organised by the JVP have brought disruption to tea production in the Uva province
O A GOVERNMENT communique issued on 21 September announced a 72 hour ceasefire beginning 6 am on 27 September. It stated, "The Government and Opposition delegation discussed measures that would further expedite the restoration of peace. It was agreed as an immediate step to call upon all armed militant groups to desist from acts of violence and sabotage. At the same time, the Security Forces will observe a suspension of counter subversive military operations for 72 hours commencing from 0600 hours Wednesday the 27th of September in the first instance. If the armed militant groups respond favourably to thisjoint call and refrain from acts of violence and sabotage, this period of three days would be further extended.
: During this period all steps will be taken to receive those who wish to make use of this opportunity to give themselves up. They could do so by reporting to the Government Agents, Assistant Government Agents, Army Camps and Police Stations. All such persons will be afforded adequate protection and rehabilitation facilities'. An independent Committee would be established immediately in consultation with the Opposition Parties to monitor the steps taken, the statement added.
O THREE SOLDIERS and a couple were wounded when a gang of 10 "subversives' who arrived at a house adjoining the Boralesgamuwa-Dehiwala Road, held the family members hostage for several hours until they mounted an attack on an army patrol. An Elf van abandoned by the attackers was fitted with two improvised guns capable of hurling several kilos of shrapnel at a pursuing vehicle.
O IN HAMBANTOTA an armed group allegedly belonging to the JVP set fire to the buildings of an oil mill and many vehicles belonging to Cabinet Minister Dr. Ranjith Atapattu on 22 September causing damage estimated at two-anda-half million rupees. In Gampaha, 'subversives' set fire to the Galthoramulla Electricity Board building along with nine lorries. In a separate incident at Kalutara the Relawatta Tea Factory and a lorry were set on fire. In the course of a cordon and search operation in Moneragala, two 'subversives' were killed by the security forces and 50 detonators, 90 torch batteries, 15 electric switches, locally made hand bombs, shotguns, gelignite and a quantity of explosive material were recovered, according to a government communique. On the same day, a laboratory employee of the General Hospital Blood Bank, R. Wijeratne, was shot dead by three gunmen close to the De Soysa Maternity Hospital in Colombo.
OELEVEN DEAD BODIES of youth with gunshot injuries were found at Kundasale and Cemetery Road, Mahaiayawa in Kandy on 23 September - eight were found in Kundasale and three at Cemetery Road. A house belonging to a police officer was burnt at Heerasgala following the killing of eleven youths on 21 September. Earlier it was found that the father of a serviceman had been killed in the same area. People living in the vicinity were reported to be fleeing their homes fearing violence from both 'subversives' and death squads. An attempt by 'subversives' to burn down the cabin room of the Kandy railway station was thwarted by the police when they opened fire; several were arrested while some escaped. In a separate incident, the stores of Produce Transport Co. in Peradeniya, one of the leading transporters of tea were burnt down. Two lorries loaded with tea and a parked van also were set ablaze. At Enderamulla four more dead bodies of youths were recovered; they had been shot and set on fire.
O SEVENTEEN POLICE constables and four civilians were wounded when an unidentified gang flung hand bombs at a group of policemen at Matara on 22 September. In a separate incident in the same area, an armed gang hacked two brothers and set fire to their homes. Attackers had also

TAMIL TIMES 13
NEWS ROUND-UP
shot dead a person near the residence of Dayananda Wickremasinghe, Minister of State for Textile Industries. At Hinuduma, the Grama Sevaka of Weerapana, identified as D.K. Dharmasena, was killed by an armed gang. At Katukurunda in Haraduwa police found the bullet-riddled body of an unidentified man. At Kamburupitiya, police found the headless body of a man. At Walasgala in Dickwella, a businessman identified as D.N. Muthukumarana was shot dead. Three sub-post offices were set on fire at Puwakgandawa in Beliatte. Offices of Grama Sevakas in a number of villages in Beliatte and Hambantota were also set on fire.
翠 O A PATIENT TRANSFERRED from the Prison Hospital to the General Hospital in Colombo was shot on the head on 23 September. The victim Wijewardene who police claimed to be a 'subversive' had been admitted to the Prison Hospital. Because of the seriousness of his condition he was transferred to the General Hospital. Shortly after his admission a gang of six persons went to the ward and shot him. The victim, identified as Bandula Wijeyawardene was believed to have been involved in the killing of prominent UNP politicians, according to police sources. Questions have been raised as to how the killing was carried out when a six-man police team was in charge of protecting him in the hospital.
O THE UNP ORGANISER of Panakaduwa in Urubokka, Premasiri Abewickrema was shot dead at his residence allegedly by a JVP gang on 23 September. At Kotegoda, the Sarvodaya Centre was set on fire while at Mawarella the sub-post office was set ablaze. At Beralapanatara two dead bodies were recovered, one of which had been identified as that of A. Piyadasa. At Poddala in Galle a businessman identified as R.M. Rukman was shot dead by unknown persons.
O THE LTTE in a statement dated 24 September has
complained of ceasefire violations by the IPKF. It alleged
that on 20 September two civilians were killed in Vavuniya by EPRLF members who were in the company of IPKF personnel; on the same day Indian soldiers confiscated boats belonging to fishermen in the Batticaloa district; and on 21st in the same district 10 civilians were arrested by the IPKF. O A LADY DOCTOR identified as Mrs. Gunawathie Rantanayke was among twenty persons killed in violent incidents on 24 September. The doctor was reported to have been shot and hacked to death by an unknown gang at Walasmulla. A government communique claimed that twelve houses and three government buildings were set on fire and destroyed in the southern and central areas. The houses were set on fire in the Werapitya area. Nine youths were killed by armed persons; of the nine six were killed at Bembmulla in the Gampaha district and the bodies of the victims had been set on fire. The other three were killed in Ragama and Badulla. The Principal of a leading school in Moronthuduwa in the Wadduwa, identified as L. Amaradasa Alwis, aged 52, was gunned down by an unidentified gang at his residence.
OPOLITICAL ADVISOR to Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation (TELO), Mr. Sri Kanth saidin a pressinterview on 24 September that it was imperative that the LTTE be brought into the North-East administrative process. If the LTTE agreed to enter the democratic process, the TELO would even agree to the North-East Provincial Council being dissolved and fresh elections called to accommodate the LTTE.
O THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH is presently considering a proposal to obtain the services of foreign Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialists to overcome the current shortage. There are presently only 10 ENT specialists for the whole island who are serving in the Colombo, Kalutara,
Continued on Page 15
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Page 15
15 OCTOBER 1989
NEWS ROUND-UP
O ALL UNCULTIVATED lands would be taken over by the state from January next year thus reviving a law that had remained dormant for nearly 15 years, the Minister of Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives, Lalith Athulathmudali told a press conference on 15 September. A new strategy for agricultural development in the country had been mapped out taking account of the fact that Sri Lanka had a small-holding agricultural set-up, a large number of people had less than two acres of land, landlessness was growing in the context of an expanding population and although agricultural production had gone up, the income of the farmers had not increased, the Minister said.
OA GOWERNMENT communique issued on 17 September stated: "The ongoing security operations have become necessary only to bring under control acts of violence against the people and destruction of property. This is a duty cast upon the security forces during the period of an emergency. If the Janatha WinInukthi Peramuna (JWP) and their associate the Deshapremi Janatha Wiyaparaya (DJW) communicate their willingness to respond positively to the repeated call of the government for the restoration of peace and normalcy, then there will be no need for the forces to continue their ongoing security operations. In such an event the Government is prepared to set up a Committee to monitor the effective maintenance of the cessation of wiolence'.
O SEVERAL BODIES of youth were found at eight different places at Kamburupitiya on 15 September according to security reports. In the same area, on 16 September, five post offices and ticket collectors of five state-owned buses were robbed by armed gangs. At Pujapitiya in Kandy, a suspected JWP gang of youth set fire to two sub-post offices. Several 'anti-government subversives' were a Trested — mine at Ambewela in Nuwara Eliya, 110 from St. Topaz Estate, and five at Kattiangala in Anuradhapura. An unidentified armed gang shot dead Mr. Sumanada sa Peiris, the Principal of the Handapangoda Maha Widyalaya in Padukka. Am Assistant Director of Janawasama, K.P.P. Karunanayake, was shot dead at Elagala. Four bodies of youths dumped at the Mapegama bus stop in Kurunegala on 15 September had not been removed till the morning of 17 September and dogs were seen devouring the badly mutilated bodies, Seven bodies were found smouldering on the morning of 16 September at Kapuhenapola. Similar scenes were witnessed at Mabotuwana and Wakwella. At Wakunagoda in the Galle district, Premaratna Perera, a former private bodyguard of a UNP Matara District MP was shot dead. During the previous week, police recovered fifty-five bodies of youth from the Panadura river. The youths had been killed and dumped in the river by unidentified groups wearing uniforms and carrying firearms, Large crowds had gathered around the Panadura bridge to see the bodies floating in the river. Three unidentified bodies of young persons were found burning by the roadside along Galle Road at Molligoda in Wadduwa on the morning of 17 September.
O TRAIN SERVICES on most lines remained paralysed for ten consecutive days as railway guards and engine drivers continued to refrain from their duties on the ground of lack of security. According to a statement made on 17 September by a Transport official, only about 10 to 15 trains operated on a day during these days as against the normal 90 that should operate daily. Reports from outstations indicated that a large number of railway stations throughout the country were virtually closed as most trains were not operating.
OAREUTER REPORT datelined 18 September, quoting a senior Indian government official stated that a complete withdrawal of Indian troops from Sri Lanka by the end of the year will depend on whether the island's Tamils get the

TAMIL TIMES 11
required assurances about their safety. Stressing that the agreement between the Sri Lankan and Indian governInents repeatedly referred to the safety and security of the people in the Tamil dominated North-East, the official said, "Both sides have seen it as central to the whole arrangement. It is an integral document. You cannot take one paragraph on its own and delink it from any other paragraphi'. O PRESIDENT OF MALDIVES, Maymoon Abdul Gayoom, has commuted to life imprisonment the death sentences passed on four Maldivians and twelve Sri Lankan Tamils, alleged to be for Iner members of the Tamil militant group PLOT, who took part in an attempted coup d'etat against the government on 3 November 1988. Addressing the nation om radio and television, the President said that he had made the decision after considering the issue when the sixteen convicted persons appealed for clemency. He said that his decision was made in the best long term interest of the nation and on humanitarian grounds,
PIN A Six-DAY. military operation ending on September 16, the IPKF launched attacks on nine LTTE camps in Kottukulam in the Trincomalee district killing 40 and wounding 28 LTTE cadres, a press release from the Indian High Commission claimed. Five IPKF Inlen were killed and 16 others wounded; the CWF which also participated in the operation lost the lives of two men and 16 were wounded: and large quantities of ammunition and explosives were captured, the press release added.
OTHENSSP (Nava Sama Samaja Party) led by Wasudeva Nanaykkara in a statement issued on 18 September stated that on September 15 an armed gang abducted three of its party members, who are also trade union leaders, from the headquarters of the Janaraja Saukiya Seva Sangamaya.
O AN OFFICE of a tea estate in Badulla belonging to the state-owned JEDB was set or fire by an unidentified gang on the night of 17 September, The damage caused is estimated to be around one million rupees,
O THREE CIVILIANS were killed and 25 others including eight policemen wounded when a time bomb placed in a private Wan exploded near the Gampaha police station on 19 September, The explosion caused severe damage to adjoining shops and to the police station. The driver of the wan is believed to have escaped after parking the vehicle about 15 yards from the police station. O ABOUT TWENTY government buildings including fourteen sub-post offices were set on fire in the Matara and Anu Tadhapura districts on 18 September, The grama Sewaka office at Bamun ugama east in the Matara district was also set on fire. Eight suspected "subversives' were killed and over 245 youths were taken into custody on 18 September. In another operation in Kurunegala 125 youths Were rounded up and 19 of then were detained suspected of being connected with the JWP. A suspected JWP gang set fire to the telephone exchange at Wattega Ina on the same day. At Muddaragama in the Mirigama area eleven youths were killed and their bodies were set on fire by an armed gaIn프. OSECURITY FORCES, on 18 September, shot dead two Suspected JWP men who were alleged to have attempted to flee after setting fire to a sub-post office at Dodanpahala in the Dick Wella area. At Katoyawa (Track 9) in the Anuradhapura district, bodies of eight persons were recovered after being slashed to death by an armed gang. At Kandana, one youth was shot dead and his body set on fire by army personnel. Gunmen shot dead E.A. Siyadoris, a Tesident of Welligama Batawala colomy om 18 September. 9 AGOWERNMENT communique issuedon 19 September stated that 39 'subversives' surrendered to the security forces in Colombo Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Puttalam, H.D. Jinadasa, "a subversive leader' who escaped from the Magazine prison in Colombo last December surrendered with 13 others in Anamaduwa. In the Passara arca, Security forces recovered 375 stolen national identity cards,

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16 TAMIL TIMES
VOLENCE AND
Reggie Siriw
I should like to begin by referring to the fact that the Kanthasamy Commemoration Committee has included at the end of its memorial volume my poem 'Waiting for the Soldier'. The reason for its inclusion apparently is that a friend sent it to him in Jaffna shortly before his tragic end. The poem was written towards the end of 1987 at a time when the hopes of peace kindled by the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord were guttering low as violence swept the country again. What the poem expresses is a sense of impotence to influence the public world - a feeling that one could only withdraw into one's intellectual interests, while being aware that one's private life might at any moment be overwhelmed by the disorder and violence outside. Why I refer to the subject of the poem here is that Kanthasamy's life offered an example of a very different response to the dark time through which we are living. Here was a man to whom it was open to devote his outstanding talents and abundant energies wholly to his professional vocation, and to enjoy the satisfaction and success to be derived from it. He chose instead to dedicate himself to the cause of fighting injustice and succouring the victims, of tirelessly striving against the erosion of humanity and reason in our society; and for that dedication he paid with his life. No, the only thing that Kanthasamy's death has in common with that of Archimedes is the triumph of brute force over the civilised virtues, and "Waiting for the Soldier' therefore can't really be an epitaph for him. Perhaps I may offer instead these lines of the English poet W.H. Auden as an expression of my own feelings about his life and death. The modest and muted tones of Auden's lines seem to me appropriate to this man who did so much quietly and unassumingly and shunned heroic and rhetoric:
When there are so many we shall have to mourn, when grief has been made so public, and exposed to the critique of a whole epoch the frailty of our conscience and anguish
of whom shall uve speak? For every day they die among us, those who were doing us some good, uho knew it was never enough but hope to improve a little by living.
When I had the honour of being invited by the Kanthasamy Commemoration Committee to deliver this lecture, I chose 'Violence and Human Rights' as my subject. I selected it as being best fitted to commemorate a man who lived to protect the rights of his fellow human beings and who died by violence in doing so. But I chose it also because no subject can be of more pressing concern to us at a time when the most fundamental of human rights - the right to exist - is violated each day in our country. The form of this lecture is determined by the very nature of the situation we confront. Human rights are violated today by the agents of the State in the name of democracy or of the protection of the security and integrity of the country. They are violated also by militant groups in the name of national or social liberation. It would be evasive and dishonest to deal with one and not with the other. My lecture therefore will fall naturally into two parts, in which I discuss first State violence, and secondly, militant violence. But before I proceed to deal with this dual nature of the violence in our society, there are some preliminary considerations I wish to present.
It is possible, in looking at the phenomenon of violence in Sri Lanka, to examine its larger social causes - to analyse the struggle of different ethnic groups and economic classes for distribution of power and resources, for social mobility and for control of the State. I don't question either the

15 OCTOBER 1989
HUMAN RIGHTS
lrdena
K. Kanthasamy, lawyer, relief and rehabilitation worker and human rights activist, was abducted in Jaffna on 19 June, 1988, and is presumed to have been killed.
Reggie Siriwardena's lecture on Violence and Human Rights was delivered at Colombo on 19 June, 1989 to mark the first anniversary of the abduction, and the release of a Commemoration book.
validity or the necessity for such analyses. But this is not the way in which I shall be looking at the phenomenon of violence. The underlying social causes making for division and conflict in our society are very real. But there is no fatalism about the way in which these conditions, and the issues arising out of them, translate themselves into widespread and continuing violence. The transition from conflict to violence of that nature is dependent on decisions made by the choice and will of leaders - of those in control of the apparatus of the State as well as those contending against it. It is dependent on judgments made by the former about what is legitimate in maintaining the security of the State and by the latter about what is justified in opposing or in subverting it. Often the decisions in this respect by one of these forces evoke a countervailing reaction from the other, as we have seen in the cycles of State violence and anti-State violence in recent times. It is this area where conscious decisions, which can raise or reduce the level of violence in our society, are made by political actors that I am concerned with in this lecture.
When I say 'conscious decisions', I am not claiming that the decisive agent - the head of a government, the leader of a militant group, or any other - is always aware of the ultimate consequences of his actions. His decisions are often motivated by considerations of immediate expediency. But it is all the more important, therefore, to bring into focus the wider and long term consequences of such decisions.
Let us consider, for instance, the fateful day in 1956 when the Official Language Act was introduced in Parliament. The adoption of the Sinhala only policy was itself one of those momentous decisions that have changed the course of Sri Lanka's history. Some of us may wish that S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike had possessed the courage and consistency of his liberal principles that Jawaharlal Nehru showed when he desisted from imposing Hindi on the South. But it isn't this aspect of the events of 1956 I want to discuss but another which has a more direct bearing on the question of violence. On that same day when the Bill was introduced Tamil opponents of the Bill staged a peaceful satyagraha on Galle Face green, and were assaulted by thugs who had been transported there. The head of the government not only permitted this to happen but ordered the police away when of their own volition they had arrived to keep the peace. This was the first of a series of occasions in the fifties and sixties when peaceful protest by Tamil political groups would be met with violence. The long-term consequences of this response would become apparent in the seventies and eighties when a younger and more militant Tamil generation emerged to pursue their struggle by other means.
Let me compare these events with others which took place in the area not of ethnic but of socio-economic conflict. In 1978 and 1979 there were several cases where striking and picketing workers and demonstrating students on the university campuses were attacked by thugs, sometimes with extreme brutality. The right to picket and the right peacefully to demonstrate had until then been regarded as normal democratic rights. They were now met with violence.

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15 OCTOBER 1989
What was the thinking behind those in power when th dealt in this manner with minority satyagrahis, work and students? Perhaps they said to themselves, "We'll tea them a lesson they won't forget'. But the lesson learnt w very different from the one intended. The leadership oft Tamil political movement and of the working class a student movements had been drawn from parties a organisations which worked within the constitutional a democratic framework. The effect of the violence us against them was to undermine their credibility. crushing democratic and peaceful opposition, it promot the belief that the only effective weapon against a Sta ready to resort to violence was counter-violence. Ti notorious referendum of 1982, with the widespread vi lence unleashed on the Government side, extended th conviction into a far-reaching scepticism about the ma mechanism of democracy - the electoral process itse Thus, in both North and South, State violence actual promoted extremism and strengthened those who methods of dissent were the AK-47 and the T-56.
Once the State was faced with armed insurgency,
different rationale was adopted to justify the resort unrestrained violence. The very survival of the State wa threatened; therefore all methods were permissible again those who sought to subvert it. "There are no rules in wal one often heard this self-justifying maxim from those wh held the power of life and death over the people. On th: basis, torture, arbitrary killings, use of terror agains non-combatants, could all be legitimized as necessary whe the State had to fight for its existence.
There is in fact a deadly symmetry between this logic ruling powers and the logic of militant groups engaged i mortal combat with them. Both believe that the en justifies the means. In the one case, it is the end preserving democracy, restoring law and order, protectin national integrity; in the other case, it is the end of nationa liberation or social liberation. In either case, the lives ( individual human beings are considered to be a small pric to exact for the cherished end.
What makes this logic unacceptable are not just human considerations, which some people will dismiss as ser timental moral squeamishness. It is the fact that the mean you use determine the end you reach. As the Germa socialist Lasalle wrote in the last century:
Show us not the aim without the way. For ends and means on earth are so entangled That changing one, you change the other too. Each different path brings other ends in view.
I shall deal later with the practice of militant groups, bu first, the insane logic of preserving democracy by undemic cratic methods and upholding law and order by breakin the law must be questioned. An elected government ha certainly the right to defend itself against attempts t overthrow it by force. But a democratic state cannot us illegitimate methods even in fighting terrorism and ir surgency without becoming indistinguishable from what is fighting. Consquently, in resorting to such methods alienates the sympathy and co-operation of those whom i claims to be defending. Civil wars are won not merely b guns but by the support of the people. In that politica battle every victim of torture, every person arbitraril executed, every village terrorised, is (whatever the short term effects) again for the other side in the long run. Tha was demonstrated in the North and East; it has since bee confirmed in other parts of the country.
I must now confront the logic of militant groups who chosen method of political struggle is violence. The issu which arise here are different, in certain important r spects, from those which relate to State violence. Gover ments which are elected within the parliamentary dem cratic framework claim to adhere to political principles th exclude arbitrary violence. When they resort to illeg

t
l
蛾、
TAMIL TIMES 17
terror, one may argue with them on the basis of their professed principles. But militant groups make no secret of the fact that violence is their means, and that they hold this to be the necessary way of changing society.
Militant groups in fact present themselves in the aura of . a historical tradition of revolution as an act of liberation. Next month, France and the world will commemorate the bicentenary of a great revolution, and the Russian and Chinese Revolutions, and yet others after them, all make the same appeal to our faith in the right of people to overthrow unjust and oppressive rulers. Whether everything that happened in those revolutions was desirable can be questioned. But, with whatever qualifications, the liberating character of the great revolutions has to be recognised - not least, in their capacity to reassert and regenerate themselves after periods of reaction. How then can we take the position that violence in all forms and in all circumstances is to be condemned? Or must we, on the other hand, concede the claim of militant groups that whenever violence is committed in the name of liberation, it has to be accepted as justified?
I am not one of those who regard Marxist theory as a body of sacred scriptures whose canonical authority can't be questioned. In fact I don't like today even to hang a label round my neck and call myself a 'Marxist'. But on this specific question of violence, I think there is a great deal that is valid and useful in the thinking of the classical Marxists, and that can guide us in making a judgment about the violence of militant groups today.
The classical Marxists made a clear distinction between popular revolutions in which the broad masses intervene to overthrow the existing state, and all forms of coups, putsches and conspiracies in which an organised minority acts to take control of the state into its own hands. They also distinguished between the methods used in one and the other form of overthrowing the state. Mass agitation, demonstrations and other actions involving popular participation, the mass uprising, are revolutionary forms: terrorist acts, such as explosions of bombs in public places, sabotage and assassination of individuals, are the work of groups seeking to substitute themselves for the people as the agents of chance. This doesn't mean that in popular revolutions people acted with pure spontaneity: they were always organised and led. But people in the mass don't rise unless it is clear to them that they have no other means of changing their condition. This is the moral justification of the violence of a popular revolution when it occurs: that the masses, by their action, have shown that they have no other way out.
But when a minority, determined and ruthless as it may be, seeks by its own terror and violence to change society, with the people as onlookers, then we must ask not only, “Does the end justify the means?' But also, in terms of Lassalle's question, "Do the means lead to the end? If the end is liberation - which, if anything, must signify a freer, more just and humane society - can this be achieved by planting bombs regardless of whom they may kill, by massacring defenceless and innocent civilians because they speak a different language, or by eliminating those who are in a different political camp, and even wiping out their families? The practice of this indiscriminate and unrestrained violence coarsens and brutalises those who participate in it, those who order it and those who carry it out, and if they come to power it will leave its stamp on the society they create. What kind of society can that be except a regimented one, run by a political leadership freed of popular control in which all dissent will be ruthlessly stamped out? To call that "liberation' is possible only in . accordance with the linguistic practice of Lewis Carroll's Humpty-Dumpty for whom words meant just what he: chose to make them mean.
I should like to dwell a little on the subject of individual assassinations because it is relevant to the fate of the man.
-ജു Continued on Page 19

Page 18
V8 TAM MÊS
The Commonwealth institute and its auditorium — costily situated among the surroundings of the Kensington suburbia very rarely sees a Tamil Cultura performance where Tamils gather in large numbers. Nearly ten years ago the Institute's Hall with its projection theatre was used for the screening of Tamil films imported from Madras by Tamil entrepreneurs in London. But with the dawn of the video era the screening of Tamil films at public places has died a natural death.
So, it was a welcome change for many Tamils to gather once again at the posh surroundings of Kensington, enter the air Conditioned auditorium and to sit in the sloped seats with rear stalls at a higher elevation than the front stalls. The event was Natya Manjari presented by Laxmi Arts Centre. Srimathi Selvaluxmy Ramakrishnan, the directress of the Arts Centre who has the credit of producing some of the finest young dancers in the field today, presented this variety programme and thrilled the audience, who had more or less packed the auditorium, for nearly two hours. The chief guest for the evening was Mr Ranjit Dheer the deputy leader of the Ealing Council.
The first half of the programme consisted of items in the traditional order of Bharatha Natyam with the Thillana just prior to the interval. The second half commenced with two folk dances. The first a Krishna with Gopis dance which was the most appreciated by the audience maybe because the Krishna and Gopis with their dazzling colourful costumes were barely older than eight years! The
NATYA M
VANATHI, SUMATHI SCene from THRUS
next item also was a fic Nadu – Pinnal Kollat performed in this countr see the young dancers ropes and dancing to (Stick).
The climax of the e drama (a ballet titled T an unusual item in UK story with Navarathrirc story is about the dilemn to what was importan Education? Weath? O shown in the form of a three Goddesses Sara
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ANJARI
8. SAPNA in a \KTH (ballet)
ilk dance from Tamil am which is rarely 1. It was interesting to holding the coloured the tune of the Kol
fening was a dance hiru - Sakthi), again , but an appropriate und the COrner. The na of Mother Tamil as t to her children - r Courage? This is rivalry between the aswathi, Luxmi and
Durga competing to bless the Tamil children. A conciliation is brought about and Parasakthi who is a Combined form of the three GoddesSes blesses the Children. Chithra Satkunananthan as Mother Tamil is unforgettable. Her facial expressions were superb. The same must be said of the other three dancers, Vanathi Nithiananthan as Luxmi, Sapna Billimoria as Saraswathi, and Sumathy Ponnampalam as Durga. Credit should be given to the Luxmi Arts Centre for the dramatic (or rather was it cinematic?) smoke effect created during the scene in which the three goddesses appeared and danced. I wish more and more dance organisers utilise the latest facilities to create special effects in stages like Commonwealth Institute, Logan Hall and the like.
The entire performance was brilliantly choreographed by Srimathi Selvaluxmy Ramakrishnan. Sri Lankas "melodious voice” Srimathi Ambika Thamotheram rendered the songs for the performance. Her son Dr T. Nimalraj relatively a newcomer to the London stage, but now a very sought after performer provided accompaniment on the flute. Dr Srimathi Lakshmi Jayan and Sri Muthu Sivarajah an exponent from Trincomalee provided notable performances on their violin and mirudangam respectively.
Last but not least the timekeeping of the Laxmi Arts Centre should be commended and should be followed by other organisers. The performance scheduled to start at 7pm started around 7.02pm and ended by 9pm.
MVinmal Sockanathan
Standing Committee of Tamil Speaking People
Deepavali Lunch & Entertainment Sunday, 29th October 1989 at 1 p.m. At Lola Jones Hall, Tooting Leisure Centre, Greaves Place off Garratt Lane, London SW17 For tickets and information, please contact:
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Telephone: 01-422-8984.
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Page 19
15 OCTOBER 1989
Continued From Page 17
we are commemorating today. I think everything we hav,
gone through in the last decade confirms the wisdom o
those who ruled out assassination as a legitimate methodo
pursuing liberation of any kind. You may start by killing
unpopular politicians or oppressive agents of the State, anc
claim that their killing is just retribution for their crimes
and perhaps few people will shed tears for the victims. But once you have started on this slippery slope, there is no possibility of stopping anywhere. You will go on to eliminating police informants and feel justified again. But you won't stop there because you have already convinced yourself that the sacred end of liberation justifies the killing of anybody who is an obstacle in the way. And you are also certain that you and your group possess the only right formula for achieving liberation. The combination of complete certainty of your infallibility and total ruthlessness with regard to your means is a terrifying thing. So, armed with this logic, you will go on to kill even members of other parties or groups who claim to be working for the same ends but are doing so (according to you) by the wrong methods. But you won't stop there either. Because by the same logic, even those who disagree with you in your own group are traitors to the cause and must therefore be eliminated. And there is no reason to suppose that this process will end with the seizure of power. What it prepares the way for is a society of permanent purges, torture chambers and execution camps.
In this light we can see why Kandiah Kanthasamy had to die. He believed in the freedom of the individual conscience and judgment, and was not prepared to sub
Continued From Page 7
forcibly recruited. EPRLF sources denied that any force was being used; unless they consented they were not recruited; and students in particular were allowed to leave if they wished. Despite these denials, residents in the North-East confirm that conscription was continuing, but they admit that it was being done more discreetly now. A Batticaloa resident was quoted as saying, 'What is happening here is tragic and heart-rending. Young boys are being forcibly driven into militant training camps while grieving parents watch helplessly.
Initially, the recruitment was for the Citizens Volunteer Force (CVF) which was done by the provincial administration with the blessings of the Sri Lankan government which provided the required funds for the purpose of setting up a force to carry out law and order functions. The recruits to the CVF were paid a monthly salary. However, now the intentions of these militant groups have become clear; statements by some of their leaders make it apparent that they want to set up a Tamil National Army to take charge of security matters in the north-east once the IPKF leaves and that they do not want the return of the Sri Lankan security forces.
But the main reason for these groups to mobilise such a large number of recruits and put them through a course of training in the use of weapons is attributed to their fear that, once the IPKF departs, the militarily superior LTTE would seek to
physically elin groups have be mination by the and the proscrip LTTE against t not been rescino munity leaders Tamils are bein militarisation a cannon fodder spread armed co militant groups. A religious le who was relucta that the answer lay with the T "they should get at least they m the use of wea themselves; a from the LTTE attack the other leaves will go a ongoing tragedy
18 BEHEA PO UNIVERS
Eighteen unid were found at Peradeniya cam of the dead bo tated and the found elsewhe Whether the b out while the after they were established.
It is believed t carried out by d

TAMILTIMES 19
sw*wiwitawrwsiw Missor******MNowh ...-- SS SSAASS SLkLkAkLALS SLALLSASqSqSqLEkSAE SSeAiLALAAA LrLTLTTSeLS
ordinate it to any political group or leader. In reading the memorial volume, I have been particularly struck by some passages from his own hand, which I could not have read earlier, and which state precisely and forthrightly his commitment to independent and unfettered thought and activity. One is his admirable memorandum and project
proposal for the founding of 'Saturday Review'. In the course of it he wrote:
This is not intended to be a political paper, nor a partisan one. It will be a forum for all opinions so far as they concern Tamil rights and race relations in this country, but yet not parochial in content... While the style of journalism will be individualistic, the approach will be liberal and catholic.
Later he said in a letter:
We should take extreme care to preserve the freedom of the press which is achieved more by publishing conflicting views rather than suppressing any.
And three weeks before his abduction, already facing threats to his life, he wrote regarding the TRRO:
If we cannot carry on as a free organisation, we should close it down.
It isn't difficult to see that the very existence of such a man was a challenge to any group which was seeking to enforce a coerced uniformity of opinion. Kanthasamy can rightly be honoured as a martyr in a cause which too few
people are prepared to defend today in this country.
hinate them. These en the target for eliLTTE prior to 1987 tion order made by the hese groups have still led. Parents and comfear that these young g subjected to enforced hd will simply become in the event of widenflict among the Tamil
ader from Batticaloa, ht to be identified, said o this human problem amil militant groups. together; if they can't ust publicly renounce pons or force among Kategorical assurance that they would not groups after the IPKF long way to stop the
he added.
DED BODES
ND IN TY CAMPUS
ntified dead bodies arious spots in the us on 5 October. Most es had been decapievered heads were e in the campus. Leading was carried tims were alive or ot dead has not been
Lt these killings were th squads consisting
of security service personnel or socalled anti-JVP vigilantes in retaliation for the murder allegedly by a JVP gang of an Assistant Registrar of the Peradeniya University, Mr. D. E. Nagahawatte, on 4 October, Mr. Nagahawatte was also a Captain in the Second Battalion of the Sinha Regiment (Volunteers).
Fifteen more dead bodies were recovered from the Kandy district on 6 October - two from Leula Ketawela in the Ampitiya police area, 11 on the Peradeniya Gampola Road, and 2 on
the Kadugannawa - Alla watu goda Road.
In separate incidents on 6 October, the Hakmana Branches of the Peoples Bank, Bank of Ceylon and the National Savings Bank were set on fire, a few minutes before the banks opened for the day, allegedly by JVP/DJV gangs. The buildings continued to burn for several hours causing extensive
damage.
Continued on Page20
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Page 20
2O TAMIL TIMES
PEACE COMMITTEE FOR NORTH-EAST
President Premadasa has appointed the "Peace Committee' envisaged in paragraph 4 of the Agreement dated 18 October between the governments of India and Sri Lanka (see Tamil Times September 89).
A communique issuedfrom the Presidential Secretariat dated 20 September invited 17 political parties to nominate three representatives from each party. But a further communique issued three days later added a list of a further 11 political parties to be included in the Peace Committee. Hence the Peace Committee is now composed of 28 political parties which would be entitled to nominate three representatives each.
The political parties invited to participate in the Committee are:
All Ceylon Muslim League Ealam National Democratic Libera
tion Front
Ealam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front
Ealam Revolutionary Organisation of Students
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Ealam s.
Sri Lanka Freedom Party Sri Lanka Muslim Congress Tamil Ealam Liberation Organization
All Ceylon Tamil Congress Tamil United Liberation Front United National Party Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya United Socialist Alliance Mahajana Eksath Peramuna Democratic Workers Congress People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam
Ceylon Workers' Congress Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi Eksath Lanka Janatha Pakshaya (ELJP)
Peoples Liberation Front (JVP) Desha Vimukthi Janatha Pakshaya Nava Sama Samaja Party (NSSP) Democratic People's Liberation Front
Muslim United Liberation Front , Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP)
YOGA. & CO
Solicitors & AdminstratorS Of Oaths
47 Booth Road, Colindale, London NW95JS Telephone: O1-205 O899
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The Liberal Part Sri Lanka Praga Communist Part
The Secretary of tee will be extendir representatives of ties to attend sittin commencing with the 9th of October, The terms of re. committee shall be (1) recommend m amity among all I groups within the s (2) review the pro mentation of the 1 the Sri Lanka Con (3) recommend ste! cial councils more e (4) work towards t the aspirations of northern and easte preserving the uni Sri Lanka. (5) recommend mea physical safety an inhabitants of the ern provinces. (6) recommend to t thorities measures democratic framew interests in the no provinces who had the Provincial Co 1988, and the Parli of 1989. (7) and such other a as the committee levant.
The said commit by Mr. A.C.S. Ha Higher Education, nology.
All decisions will of the consensus of which the chairmar shall not be a party
INDIAN T LEAVEM
One hundred and soldiers, the last of rushed to crush a dent Abdul Gayoo months ago, will November 3.
This was anno himself at a press c evening at the el official visit to Indi
The President of island nation said arrived in Male November 4 last after a group of Lanka Tamils trie ernment.
The conspirators the Indian Air F landing at the airp captured by the In

15 OCTOBER 1989
nisheeli Peramuna
of Sri Lanka
he Peace Commitg invitations to the hese Political Pars of the Committee he first sitting on 1989. erence of the said to asures to achieve olitical and ethnic aid provinces. ress in the impleth Amendment to titution. s to make provinffective. he achievement of the people of the rn provinces while y and integrity of
sures to ensure the d security of the northern and east
he appropriate auto bring within the ork all groups and thern and eastern not participated in uncil Elections of amentary Elections
ind further matters may consider re
tee will be chaired meed, Minister of Science and Tech
be on the principle the membership to and the secretary
ROOPS ALDIVES
sixty-two Indian the 1,200 who were >oup against Presim, ten and a half return home on
unced by Gayoom onference here this hd of his two-day
al.
the Indian Ocean the Indian troops at his request on year, within hours Maldivians and Sri to topple his gov
fled the capital as orce planes began rt. They were later dian Navy. After a
long trial, 4 Maldivians and 12 Sri Lankan Tamils (belong to the People's Liberation Organisation for Tamil Eelam — PLOTE) were sentenced to death. However on September 17, Gayoom committed them to life imprisOnment.
Seven hundred of the Indian troops returned home on the very evening of November 4 after averting the coup. India kept 500 of its soldiers back in the Maldives at Gayoom's request.
This number came down to 250 and to 162 six months ago. The troops stayed back while the trial was in progress. a.
During their stay in that country the Maldivians took their help to reorganise their security forces.
Now that the trial of the conspirators is over and the President has stayed their execution by converting it to life imprisonment, the Maldivians feel confident enough to let the Indians return home.
Gayoom said he decided against executing the criminals because “we do not have the tradition of executing people to death'. The last time a man was executed was in 1951 for committing a murder.
CONSCRIPTS TO BE RELEASED FOR STUDES
The EPRLF, TELO and the ENDLF were among the organisations present at a recent meeting convened at the Jaffna Secretariat to discuss the forcible conscription of young men for military training.
The meeting, chaired by the Jaffna District Political Co-ordinator, A. Muruganesan, decided that students already under training will be released this week if they wish to continue their studies. Their parents and representatives of the Schools Development Societies Union will be present on thjs occasion.
Other participants at the meeting were representatives of the Jaffna GA, school principals, divisional educationall officers and schools development societies.
It was decided that schoolgoers will not be forcibly conscripted for military training; those arrested on suspicion will be released after inquiries; and those students already under training will be released if they wished to continue their studies.
It was stated at the meeting that 138 students were conscripted by militant groups other than those who attended the meeting at the secretariat. It was urged that they should be released too
The meeting also decided that al. students must attend school and advised parents to send their children to school without fear.

Page 21
15 OCTOBER 1989
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Page 22
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WEDDING BELLS
We congratu/a/e (/he/ollowing couples on s/heir recent marriage.
Mohanadas son of the late Mr. & Mrs. Arulampalam, Notary's Lane, Navalar Road, Jaffna and Saraswathy (Baby) daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Sabaratnam, formerly of 36th Lane, Wellawatte, Sri Lanka at Archway Murugan Temple, London N6 on 10.9.89.
Raviraj son of the late Dr. T.Tharmaratnam and Mrs K. Tharmaratnam of Ramakrishna School Lane, Kondavil East, Sri Lanka and Malathi daughter of Mr & Mrs N. Gunaratnam, Periya Vilan, Sri Lanka at St John's Church Hall, London SW19 on 16.9.89.
OBITUARIES
M.V. Rajaratnaam of Kokuvil and formerly of C.G. R. Sri Lanka, husband of Kanmany Urumpirai, Sri Lanka), father of Dr. Natkunam (Mt Isa Base Hospital, Queensland 4825, Australia), Satkunam, Accountant (Zesco, Lusaka) and Nitkunan, Engineer (104 Muns
ter Avenue, Hounslow, Middx TW/4 5 EBJ, ir
UK), father-in-law of Dr. Annalakshmi, Malini, and Uma: grandfather of Dr. Ketheesan, YaSodha, Unma, Radha, Ananthahi, Arani and Tharani died in Australia. On 7.9.89 and was Cremated there.
Navaratnam Brodie retired Police officer, Sri Lanka, son of the late Mr. & Mrs A.M. Brodie, beloved husband of Luxshumi; father of Dinesh brother of Mrs Leela Sabaratnam (Sri Lanka), Mrs Kamala Johnpillai (Bermuda). Mrs Saras Kanagasabapathy (Canada). A.M. Brodie (Australia), Thiru (Sri Lanka), Mrs Pathma Yogarajah, Mrs Gunawathie Shakespeare (both of U.K.), the late Singarajah, & Mrs Pushpa Kandiah (Sri Lanka); uncle of several nephews and nieces passed away on 14.10.89 in Gampola, Sri Lanka - 296 Alexandra Avenue, South Harrow, Middx HAO 9DA, UK.
CASSFED ADS
Sivakumarano (Bhoja Samuel & Sons Ltd., (K late Sivagnanam (D.O. and Mrs Sivagnanam band of Kamalambika, brother of Sivarajan (Ne palan, Sivakanthan, á Sahathevan (all of U.K. was Cremated in Colc 7.9.89 - 49 Byworth London N194BN.
The Nol
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15 ocTOBER 1989
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
November 5 7.30 p.m. Violin by Dr. L. Subramaniam With K. Shekar and Ustad Alla Rahka at Queen Elizabeth Hall, South Bank Centre, London SE1. Box Office 01-92888OO.
At Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 4A Castletown Road, London W14 9HQ Tel: 01-381 3036/ 4608 Nov 3 745 p.m. Sitar, Sarod, Tabla by Parthasarathy, Shuendu Rao & Abhiman Kaushal. Nov. 56.30 p.m. Kathak by Pandit Durgalai & musicians from India. Nov 10 7.45 p.m. Odissi by Sanjukta Panigrahi with musicians from India. Nov 12 6.30 p.m. Flute by Hariprasad
Chaurasia.
) formerly of M/S A CALENDAR PROBLEM linochchi), son of the I seek the assistance of your readers to V., P. W.D., Sri Lanka) solve the following problem without using "U.K.); beloved hus- а сотрuter. father of Sivajanani; There are 31 times 7 equals 217 bags. w Zealand), Dr. Siva- They are numbered thus:- Sunday 1,
nd Mrs Sivatharin Sunday 2, Sunday 3 and so on up to ) died on 3,989 and Sunday 31. The remaining bags are nummbo, Sri Lanka on bered in the same way using the remainWalk, Sussex Way, ing days of the week.
Imagine that a coin was put in bag numbered Monday 1 on 1st January 1900, which was a Monday, another coin was put in bag numbered Tuesday 2 on 2nd January 1900 and a third coin was put in
mads bag numbered Wednesday 3 on 3rd Janume so far, ary 1900. This process was continued ld, shining star, regularly every day for 400 years from 1st
January 1900 to 31st December 2299.
erged. How many coins would there be in each mething more bag? Life. S. Vaithianathan, Ananthahi Nitkunan 10 Kendor Avenue e Heathland School Epsom,
London Surrey.
IN MEMORUM
alar Rajasingham - Rajasingham Manoharan 7. 1922. BOT) 30.07.1949
Kied: 16.10.1987
ou both more than uve could have ever thought. ay dawns the despair and the anger grous. treacherous hand that killed you both Peace Keeping Force', and bodies seven long days for dogs to feast, ed to reveal his role in these murders most foul, 8 иrill kтои по реace.
hat your souls have found the peace we so sadly lack
their second death anniversary by Manoharan, Saratha and Priyan Manoharan, Dr. Narendran, Manohari endran, Neela Navaratnaraj, Jayadevan and Gowri Surendrakumar.

Page 23
15 OCTOBER 1989
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LSC burn House purn High Road on NW629J ed Kingdom re. 01-328.9966
LET G Fox:01-6244100

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24 TAMIL TIMES
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GENERAL & BUS 55 RATHBON E PLACE, LON
Ệà> BRITIS ARLAN >AVحترھ 1 x 1 Faso
SOME OF OUR BEST FARES
LONDON TO COLOMBO (Direct flights) LONDONE - DUBAI — COLOMBO LONDON. COLOMBO - MADRAS LONDON - DUBA - COLOMBO-MADRAS LONDON - COLOMBO. TRICHY LONDON COLOMBO - SINGAPORE LONDON - DUBA - COLOMBO - SINGAPORE LONDON - COLOMBO - KUALA LUMPUR LONDON - DUBA
CIRCLE TRIPS FROM LONDON LONDON-BANGKOK-SINGAPORE-COLOMBO-L LONDON-BANGKOK-KUALA LUMPUR-SINGAP LONDON-BANGKOK-MANILA-KUALA LUMPUR LONDON - ZURCH - COLOMBO LONDON
SPECIAL AUSTRALA FARES LONDON — COLOMBO -- KUJA, LALUMPUR — PE LONDON — COLOMBO — KUALA LUMPUR — SY
WE HAWE SPECIAL DISCOWMWTED FA WE HAVE WIDE RANGE OF CHEA
IF YOU WANT TO FIND MORE DE
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KGREAN AIR
We occept all mojor credit cords - Wisc WE ARE NOW OPENSATURDAY BET
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15 OCTOBER 1989 LSLSLSL
days Limited
SINESS TRAVEL
DON WTP 1 AB ENGLAND
HAIRWAYS
一プ
ONE WAY RETURN
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RETURN ONDON E560 RE-COLOMBO-LONDON £579 SINGAPORE-LONDON Eĉ504 E55
RTH - LOINDON E708 DNEY - LONDON E809
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