Page 1
Wo IX No. ISSN 0266-4488 15 M.
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OSecurity of Tamils,
O 5000 To Be In Ja
NINTTH YEAR: 0|= UININTTT
 

Internal Matter - Gujral
il For Life - Minister
RRUPTED PUBLICATION

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2 TAMILTIMES
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15 MAY 1990
CONTENTS
Security of Tamils is internal Matter. . . . . 4
Call for more varsity intake. . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ISSN
ANNUAL S لى Dissolution of N-E Council delayed. . . . . 7 UK/India/Sri La All other count Indo-Sri Lanka Friendship Treaty. . . . . . . 9 Publis Tamil Refugees in U.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 TAಖ್ಖ
SUTTON, Su UNITED Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily Phone: 0
those of the editor or the publishers.
MAYDAY 1990 - O
As everyone knows, May Day is normally expected to be celebrated mainly by workers and their organisations to display a sense of solidarity and unity. Traditionally, at least until 1956, it was the preserve of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) and the Communist Party (CP) and their affiliated trade unions to demonstrate their numbers and strength. From 1956, The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and the Mahajana Eksath Party (MEP), also got into the act. A defeated and demoralised United National Party (UNP) also entered the May Day scene in a manifest attempt to show itself also as a party in touch with the workers and the common man. Ever since, May Day has been an occasion for almost all political parties and their affiliates to demonstrate their strength and numbers with processions and rallies.
What of May Day 1990? A newcomer to the scene was the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). With its virtual total control of the North-East, the LTTE (and its political wing, the Peoples Front of Liberation Tigers, PFLT) celebrated its May Day with processions and meetings, in which several thousands took part, and which were marked by an impressive display of Colour and pageantry. It is said, never before has May Day been celebrated in the Tamil areas with so many people participating.
In the South, President Premadasa employed the vast resources of the State and its machinery to bring out an estimated one million people to the Colombo Galle Face Green for a "National May Day'. It was morean ostentatious carnival than a May Day celebration in its traditional sense. Film stars and artistes - singers and dancers - from India, several from Tamil Nadu performed in an ostensible display of Premadasa's newly discovered commitment to a multi-ethnic Society in Sri Lanka. Incidentally, UNP's normal sole green Colour had given way to a mixture of green and red, and even the voluble State Minister for Defence Ranjan Wijeratne was seen sporting a green and red Shirt
May Day 1990 also revealed the appalling disarray among the parties that constitute the opposition. The SLFP, USA, (United Socialist Alliance), NSSP, MEP, SLMP, and several trade unions had their own separate processions and meetings in a tragic and shameless display of their divisions. Even counted together, the total number participating in opposition meetings did not approximate even to a third of that which gathered at the Galle Face Green. Even making a Substantial allowance to the fact that the use of enormous resources of the State ensured a much larger turn-out there than the UNP could ever dream of mustering on its own steam, May Day 1990 was a total
 

TAMIL TIMES 3.
CONTENTS
Whither Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
O266-4488 NewS Round Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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PPOSITION IN DISARRAY
disaster for the opposition parties. It reflected not only their relative weakness, but also the lamentable incapacity of its leaders to establish a sense of unity and provide a credible opposition to the Premadasa Government.
The more pathetic was the state of affairs concerning the USA which comprised the SLMP, LSSP, CP and NSSP. The first major shock and loss it suffered was when the charismatic leader of the SLMP, Vijaya Kumaranatunga was gunned down by the JVP. His widow, Mrs Chandrika Vijayakumaranatunga, having assumed the leadership of the SLMP and the USA, went abroad with her children and stayed away for security reasons for almost two years during which period the USA remained leaderless. Her absence and the festering division within the SLMP were another factor that affected the progress of the USA. The much raised expectations that her return would produce an upward curve in the fortunes of the USA were dashed when the SLMP's split was formalised structurally with Mr. Ossie Abeygoonesekera leading one camp and Mrs. C. Kumaranatunga leading the other. A near mortal blow was struck at the very existence of the USA when the LSSP and CP decided, in defiance of the opposition of the NSSP, to keep Mr. Abeygoonesekera's faction out and hold the USA's May Day rally chaired by Mrs. Kumaranatunga. NSSP and Mr. A's faction of the SLMP promptly proceeded to hold their own separate May Day meetings. The much lamented split in the SLMP and the much desired return of Mrs. Kumarantunga to the island had brought about a disastrous division in the USA at a time When unity among opposition parties was most needed to offer an effective challenge to President Premadasa who appears to have succeeded in consolidating his own and his government's position in recent months.
The leaders of the opposition parties have miserably failed to measure up to their responsibilities not only by the people, but also by their own followers and party members. On the other hand, having broken the back of the JVP and eliminated virtually its entire leadership, Premadasa gives the appearance of a supremely Confident man. Such is his confidence, there is reliable speculation that, taking advantage of an opposition in chaotic disarray, the President would dissolve parliament to seek a mandate for a new government with an assured two-thirds majority needed to effect changes in the Constitution he wants enacted. If that were to happen, with another term of five years, the UNP would have been ruling for a record unbroken spell of 18 years, a prospect that may not be good for the restoration of democratic norms and practices which have suffered serious erosion in recent years.

Page 4
4 TAM TIMES
Security of Tamils is an Internal Matter' - Gujral
India's External Affairs Minister, Inder Kumar Gujral, echoing a significant departure from the policies of the previous government of Rajiv Gandhi, has reiterated that the Indian government would never send its army to intervene militarily abroad and stressed that Tamil security and welfare was ultimately the responsibility of the Sri Lankan government.
Gujral, who spoke to this correspondent, was categoric in his assertiom that he foresaw "no circumstances' that could be grounds for Indian military intervention in another country.
When asked specifically whether India would not be prepared to intervene militarily to defend Indian interests abroad, including Indians settled in other countries, Gujral replied emphatically "definitely not, never. He went on to say that those who have tried to send armies abroad were not very happy today, but did not elaborate.
He also said that he hoped the Sri Lankan government had learnt from the lessons of history and would not henceforth deny the country's ethnic minorities their due.
Government's responsibility
"Tamils are living in Sri Lanka. Their security and welfare is ultimately the responsibility of the Sri Lankans. And I do hope and believe that the Sri Lankan government and Sri Lankan polity has learnt from its history that by not giving their ethnic groups their due, it has....harmed everybody', Gujral said.
The interview was conducted a few hours before Gujral left for New York to attend the U.N. session and talks with Pakistani counterpart Sahibzada Yakub Khan.
The Gandhi government held the view that because of the close emotional and cultural ties between Sri Lankan Tamils and India's Tamils, India could not isolate itself from concerns about the island's Tamils and this was the raison d'etre forwarded for the extended stay of the IPKF in Sri Lanka.
In fact, then minister for state for external affairs Kanwar Natwar Singh said categorically in parliament that the question of IPKF withdrawal could not be delinked from the question of safety and security of the Tamils and maintenance of law and order in the northeastern province.
Gujral gave the instance of Sri Lanka to stress the point how the National Front government had succeeded in improving good neighbourliness between the two countries. Our relations with the neighbours were the major area of aberrations (during the previous regime), Gujral said. "That is
where correctives (by this government
PRABHAKAR PRESIDENTS
GENUINE
The LTTE has urge
to intensify the pac and reconstruction North and East com LTTE support to th of these programn future of the Sinhal the North and East at a meeting that and Higher Educati had with a LTTE de Velupillai Prabhaka ing the weekend 14.
Mr. Prabhakarar that the LTTE was development prog North and East wi early as possible', a munique said.
The communique Hameed, Minister o: er Education and North-East Peace Jaffna and met Leader of the LTTE
The meeting laste Prabhakaran and M sed the important the North and the
Mr. Hameed exp Mr. Prabhakaran th dent Premadasa t solution to the ethr ensure the minoriti
Mr. Prabhakaran that he appreciated and genuine effort, and that the LTTE fullest co-operation initiatives to achie ment of the ethnic p peace and normalcy island.
The political futu and the Muslims in East was also dis decided that certai taken early to re. problems faced by t
Mr. Prabhakara that the LTTE wa rehabilitation and r rammes for the N said that he was ke ment programmes early as possible a would give all sup these programmes speedily as possible
The circumstanc police stations nam Velvattiturai were sed and it was ag police stations wou 48 hours.
Associated with

15 MAY 1990
ave been applied '.
AN THANKS
SINCERE & FFORTS
d the government of rehabilitation rogrammes in the mitting the fullest e implementation es. The political se and Muslimsin was also discussed finister of Justice in, A.C.S. Hameed egation led by Mr. ran, in Jaffna dur15 April.
told Mr. Hameed keen to see that rammes for the re carried out as government com
added: "Mr. A.C.S. Justice and HighChairman of the Committee visited Mr. Prabhakaran, , on July 12. d three hours. Mr. Ir. Hameed discusissues now facing East. lained in detail to ne policies of Presio find a durable nic problem and to es a fair deal.
told Mr. Hameed greatly the sincere s of the President would extend the to the President's re a lasting settleroblem and ensure in all parts of the
re of the Sinhalese the North and the ussed and it was n steps should be solve some of the he Muslims.
told Mr. Hameed s interested in the econstruction progorth and East. He in that the developwere carried out as nd that the LTTE bort to ensure that were completed as
es under which two ely Point Pedro and closed were discusreed that the two d be opened within
Mr. Prabhakaran at
the talks were Mr. Kopalasami Mahendrarajah (Mahattaya), Mr. Anton Balasingham, Mr. Yogaratnam Yogi, Mrs. Adele Balasingham, Mr. Dominic and Mr. Banu.
Talks on Estate Tamilis' Future Sought
The leader of the Tamil estate workers and Minister for Rural Industrial Development, Mr. S. Thondaman, has urged the Indian and Sri Lankan Governments to meet soon to decide the fate of 160,000 plantation workers and their families, who have either received Indian passports, but who have not been repatriated, or who have applied for, but have not yet taken their Indian passports.
This is the last problem remaining as far as the citizenship of the estate workers was concerned and Mr. Thondaman said it was time that both the Governments met to resolve this "in a humanitarian way'.
The Minister said that of the 160,000, roughly 80,000 had received their Indian passports, but did not wish to go to India, as only their fathers and grandfathers had applied for Indian citizenship 25 years ago. Most of those who had applied for Indian citizenship originally were no longer alive and it was the next generation which was now faced with the prospect of being repatriated. There were around 80,000 people who were waiting for their Indian passports, but reluctant to be repatriated since their parents were the ones who had applied for passports in the first place.
Discussion at Commission meeting
Mr. Thondaman said the Sri Lankan Government had agreed to discuss this problem with the Government of India when the Indo-Sri Lanka Joint Economic Commission met next, but said he did not know what the Indian Government's response was. He said he had raised the issue with the External Affairs Minister, Mr. I.K. Gujral, during a recent visit to Delhi. He was quite sympathetic', Mr. Thondaman said.
The veteran trade union leader said it was essential for the Ceylon Workers Congress, as representatives of the estate Tamils, to be present at these talks. During the negotiations on the Sirimavo-Shastri pact, "the two Governments did not think it fit to call any representatives of the plantation Tamils' and the result was a legacy of problems.
"India's failure'
Mr. Thondaman was also critical of India's failure to rehabilitate properly those who had been repatriated to India. "Most of them are destitute' he

Page 5
15 MAY 1990
said. If the Government can spend so much on Tamils from the north and the east, they should do at least that, much for people who have gone to India at the invitation of the Government”, he said.
CALL FOR MORE VARSITY INTΑΚΕ
"Every year an average of five lakhs of students in the age group of 14 to 16 sit the GCE (O/L) Examination and only 25 per cent qualify to follow the GCE (A/L) classes. At the GCE (A/L) Examination an average of 36,000 or 5 per cent only qualify for admission to the universities. But only 6,000 or 1.2 per cent are actually admitted to the universities. In the end, every year 98.8 per cent of youths between the age group 16 to 18 are shut out of further education. Our tertiary education is not diversified enough to absorb them. Our Open University system also is not in a position to absorb them. This is a result of bad planning of our education. The educational system ceases to be education for life and adequate socio-economic mobility'.
This was stated by Prof. A. Thurairajah, Vice-Chancellor, University of Jaffna, who presided over a seminar on "Aspects of Higher Education' organised by the Thani Nayagam Institute of Culture and Society.
The seminar was held recently at the Ramanathan Hindu Ladies College, Bambalapitiya, and was attended by educationists, teachers and A/L students.
Prof. Thurairajah said: "Our intake into universities was about 5000 in 1965 and in 1990 it is only around 6000. This is not sufficient. The intake must be increased. We spend 4.5 per cent of the GNP on education. It is the highest in SAARC and some ASEAN countries. But our intake into universities is poor when compared to these countries.
“We must increase our admissions to universities. We must upgrade and update the Provincial Technical Colleges and also diversify the tertiary education. We must have colleges for fisheries, agriculture etc., affiliated to the universities. Otherwise the purpose of education and the resultant socio-economic mobility will collapse and add more fuel to the burning question of youth unrest.
"The present system has made the GCE (A/L) highly competitive making students to lean heavily on tuition. We fail to realise that this is destroying their initiative originality. Our educational system has to be thoroughly re-structured if we are to benefit by the money spent on education and the youth engaged in education'.
Mr. S. Sandarasegaram, Head of the Dept. of Social Science Education of the Faculty of Education, Colombo
University, le theme 'Aspec He focussed a comings in th followed by a discussion.
More Tam,
The Tamil N soon take a de cash dole paid
refugees living tapattu camps to sources deae Representatio) made for an in cash dole paic from Rs. 110 dren from Rs.
The Sri Lan. be classified in camp refugees various parts o depend on dole selves with th ances from th living in the U Australia etc. up grocery stor and printing pri practising as ac
There are a refugees in the 10,000 are in di about 2,000 are they are living way, not looki Union Governn were about on fugees but abou to the Northea Lanka in the la
Cam
The second istered, camp re Mandapam cam district and th Tiruchi district doles every fort buy groceries a shops in the cal
There are 2, dapam includir and 783 in Kot new arrivals. those who start waram or Na. IPKF started Lanka from A new arrival, w tween Septemb year, swelled t January and Many of ther EPRLF, ENDL the groups riv whose hands th eastern provinc sides the refugi Kottapattu, the kept in the twc and Satiguda ir

TAMIL TIMES 5
the discussion on the of Higher Education'. tention on many shortpresent system. It was hought provoking lively
Money for Refugees
du Government may ision on increasing the o the Sri Lankan Tamil in Mandapam and Kotin the State, according ing with the refugees. s have already been rease in the fortnightly
to the adult refugees o Rs. 150 and for chil8 to Rs 75.
an Tamil refugees can to two categories: nonare those who live in Tamil Nadu but do not . They maintain themhelp of cash remittir relatives or friends .S., the U.K., Canada, Some of them have set es, video cassette shops esses. A few of them are lvocates and doctors. pout 85,000 non-camp State. Of this, about re financial straits and almost destitute. But quietly in their own ng up to the State or ments for help. There e lakh non-camp ret 15,000 have returned Lstern province of Sri st few months.
p refugees
category is the regfugees, who live in the p in Ramanathapuram ! Kottapattu camp in They are paid cash light, with which they d fuel in the fair price ps. 161 refugees at Mang 2,636 new arrivals apattu including 586 he new refugees are ld arriving in Ramesapattinam after the ulling out from Sri gust last year. This ich was a trickle ber and December last more than 3,000 in ebruary this year. are supporters of , PLOT and TELO, to the LTTE into control of the Northhas passed now. Beis at Mandapam and 2 are 1,631 refugees camps at Malkangiri Drissa.
EDF URGES REPEAL OF '' 6TH AMENDMENT .
During their meeting recently in Colombo with President R. Premadasa and Minister of Justice A.C.S. Hameed, the MP for the Eelavur Democratic Front in Trincomalee S. Ratnarajah and General Secretary V. Balakumar had reiterated that their organisation continues to be committed to Sri Lanka as a unitary state, S. Ratnarajah said.
During an interview, he said that EDF encouraged the repeal of the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution as this would eliminate suspicions by any government about the country's sovereignty and unity.
Mr. Ratnarajah emphasised that "the relationship between the people and their government grew not only on the basis of written law but more on unwritten agreements which in due course of time would reap benefits for both'. 2
Repeal of the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution would, moreover be an assurance to the Tamil-speaking minorities in Sri Lanka that they too belonged to the unitary state.
Asked why Tamil militant groups had earlier campaigned for a separate state in the northern and eastern provinces, Mr. Ratnarajah replied that previous governments had suppressed the Tamil-speaking minority instead of considering them also as a part of a unitary Sri Lanka.
North-East Must Be Accepted As Tamil Homelands'
Until the government accepts that the North and East is the homeland of the Tamil speaking people there will be no basis for the solution of the problem of the Tamil speaking people', Mahendrarajah Mahatthaya the leader of the Peoples Front of Liberation Tigers told a public rally attended by over 20,000 people at the Trincomalee Esplanade near Kali Kovil in Trincomalee on 18 April.
A tall wooden pandal of the map of Sri Lanka with Tamil Eelam in red lettering had been erected near the stage.
The PFLT leader pointed out that the colonisation of Sinhalese in areas such as Allai Kanthalai, and allong the Anuradhapura Trincomalee roads have upset the population ratio of the Sinhalese and Tamils. "In 1977 there were just 6 per cent Sinhalese in the district whereas now there were 27 per cent.
"You are expecting a lot from us and we will give our best in the realisation of our goals' Mahatthaya assured the Tamil speaking people.
Continued On Page 6

Page 6
6 TAM TIMES
From Page 5
Going on to the question of the surrender of arms he said: "Prabhakaran has categorically stated that we had to take up arms to protect the Tamil speaking people and until our problems are resolved we will not give up our arms at any cost he said. -
He said that talks were going on with the government regarding the problems of the Tamil speaking people.
He said he had "Trust and hope on the Tamil speaking people being fully behind us in finding a durable solution of the problem of the Tamil speaking people'.
MP CALLS FORTALKS
Mr. K. Premachandran, an MP for the EPRLF representing Jaffna District, has called upon President R. Premadasa to initiate a process of negotiations with all the Tamil political parties and groups as soon as possible to ensure that the Tamil-speaking people lived: with self-respect within the framework of a united Sri Lanka.
In a news release Mr. Premachandran has noted that the 19-point programme put forward by the EPRLF was a symbol of the groups earnest desire to seek a political solution to the country's ethnic problem within the framework of a united Sri Lanka. That had been endorsed by an overwhelming majority of members of the NorthEast Provincial Council.
He says that the President had been having a dialogue with the LTTE for over 10 months with a sincere desire to find a political solution. Neither the country nor the EPRLF (the ruling party in the North-East Province) knew what really transpired at the talks and that may be due to the sensitive nature of those discussions.
The MP further notes:
'Your outstanding political experience and acumen will make you to agree with us, if we emphasise that there should be a collective effort immediately launched, to counter the impending catastrophe that is the cul
s
minating process of the policies fol
lowed by the people who hitherto ruled Sri Lanka, in view of the existing conditions of the attempted solutions to the problems of the nationalities of our country.
“We have had enough and bitter
experiences to find out a lasting politicall solution, totally due to the lack of political statesmanship.
“We firmly believe that you will generate enough political courage to comprehend the letter and spirit of the 19-point programme which is the embodiment of the resultant experiences of all the factors and forces that contributed immensely to the political solution of the problem that affects our social fabric as a cancer, the problem of nationalities.
5000 To Be In J - Minis Certain amendments duced shortly to inca for the rest of their liv persons who are am detained at present in 'subversive' activities with maximum securi built to hold those per will expect the goverr If they were set free t under your beds' and everybody, Plantat Minister and State M fence, Ranjan Wijera ment on 26 April.
Winding up the 9/2 the extension of the Minister said that u passed to incarcerate t emergency would ha Provision should be m the arrested criminals were 2500 Red Brig incarcerated for life.
“OFFENSIVE OF SUSPENI
All offensive military be suspended with effe with the setting up of Surrender Committe forces would be inoper er notice but the polic their normal law enfor the country, Planta Minister and State M fence, Ranjan Wijerat 19 April.
The Minister told th news briefing held Office that instruction to the security forces sive operations. “Buto body tries to be fun grenade or opening fil the works”,” he adde forces would not go and those who do wrol with by the police und land, he said.
Asked for the numb government expected der with the formatio tee, Mr. Wijeratne s anybody's guess. Th dered earlier were no tated in ten camps. Ir of detenues being rel exceeded the numb Last week about 1 themselves up, but April) alone 80 deten from Polonnaruwa, h
'Over 600 M says EPR
The names of over ported missing in the the Indian Army wa the region would

15 MAY 1990
For Life
9r
will be intro2erate virtually s 4,000 to 5,000 ng those being 2onnection with A new prison y will have to be ons, who no one ment to release. hey would creep pose a threat to on Industries (inister for Dene told Parlia
hour debate on emergency, the ntil laws were hose persons the je to continue. ade to deal with . In Italy there ade men being
ERATIONS DED
operations will ect from 20 April the Independent 2. The security ative until furthwould continue cement duties in tion Industries Minister for Dene announced on
e weekly cabinet at the Cabinet s had been given to halt all offenf course, if somehy by lobbing a te, he would "get d. The security nounding people ng would be dealt er the laws of the
er ofpersons, the would surrenh of the Commitaid that it was pse who surrenw being rehabilifact the number eased (in stages) er surrendering. 4 persons gave
yesterday (19 es were released
said.
Vissing” LF MP
600 persons reNorth-East since
withdrawn from pe submitted to
Amnesty International by the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF) shortly, a Member of Parliament of the party, Ganeshasankari Yogasangari disclosed recently.
He said that he had already called for affidavits from the families of those who had disappeared and no sooner they were received the matter would be placed before Amnesty International. "In fact I have already sounded AI on this grave matter and they wanted me to forward the case to the London office', he added.
Among those who had disappeared in Jaffna was a National List MP of the party at the last Parliamentary election. Identified as Nadesu, the man had been dragged away from his Chankanai residence and taken away in a vehicle by an armed gang last month.
The MP said that even his clerk, a man of 72 years identified as Nellainathan, had been abducted and shot dead. "The poor man worked for the late MP, W. Yogeswaran and was out of job. He was not involved in politics. I gave him a job because he was out of employment, Mr. Yogasangari added.
Security sources assert that in Jaff. na district alone over 100 persons, mostly members and supporters of the TULF and other Tamil groups had been abducted since the IPKF quit the region. According to reports reaching security authorities, most of them had been done to death.
Some former Members of the Jaffna Municipal Council who supported the TULF were also missing. It looks as if our party cadres in the North-East are being wiped off the face of the earth', the TULF MP noted.
ABORTION RATETHREE A DAY IN SRI LANKA
The newly inducted President of the Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Dr. S. P. Kularatne, speaking on “Criminal and Septic Abortion' noted that every couple, married or unmarried, might attempt to prevent a pregnancy going to term, at some stage of their life. He put the abortion rate in Sri Lanka at three cases per day.
Illegal abortions might be caused by drugs, instruments and other means, Dr. Kularatne said. .
Speaking of abortions caused by drugs he pointed out Epsom Salts, Ergot antimalaria drugs, Stilboestrol, tender pineapple, tender papaw, the pith of plantain trees and mushrooms are used for abortions in Sri Lanka. Among the instruments used in abortion which Dr. Kularatne revealed was the insertion of castro stems into the uterus. Hot water baths, Hip baths, and vigorous exercise were also used
Continued On Page 19

Page 7
15 MAY 1990
Dissolution of N
Rita Sebastia
With the future of the North-East
Provincial Council still to be resolved, the LTTE seems to be getting impatient. A hurried visit to Colombo last fortnight was to impress on the Gov
ernment the need for an early dissolu
tion of the Council and fresh elections that would help legitimise their de facto control of the region.
They are also not particularly pleased with Colombo for agreeing to accommodate the EPRLF in a dialogue on the basis of their 19-point demands. Where the EPRLF is concerned the LTTE has not changed its position that the provincial unit was administered by a "puppet regime' set up by India in a fraudulent election. It has also taken the position that the provincial unit ceased to exist when the leadership abandoned it, and Chief Minister Varatharajah Perumal fled, to a still, undisclosed destination. The Government is in a quandary because there is no provision in the constitution for dissolving the Council unless recommended by the Chief Minister.
The only other option is to bide its time and wait until three months lapse without a meeting of the Council and
let the law take its own course. But: while a kind of inertia seems to have
set in, over the constitutional processes that will have to be set in motion before fresh elections are held, incidents, large and small have been surfacing in the region that are causing considerable unease in the South.
As the Tigers continue consolidating their ground control of the region, they have come up against a barrage of criticism for alleged extortion and unauthorised levies on the civilian
population. Although Colombo got an
assurance from the LTTE leadership that no levies will be made, orders if any, do not seem to have trickled down to the rank and file for, complaints keep pouring in of groups of LTTE cadres intimidating people into paying "unauthorised taxes'. Lorry owners transporting flour from the Prima
flour milling factory in eastern Trincomalee have complained of LTTE levies that have forced them off the roads. As a direct result bakers in Colombo and the outskirts who depend on stocks of flour from the Prima factory have been deprived of their quotas.
The hardest hit are the fishermen. This is the season for fishing on the Eastern Seaboard and migratory fishermen from the South inhabit the fishing villages during the season, sending their catch to Colombo. With the LTTE's alleged levies on fishermen
as well as the lo fish to Colomb marked drop in t shortage of fishi being laid direct LTTE.
While some m. responsible for fu have openly adr compelled to coll their cadres, ot down and desc contributions.
Hundreds of ployed today as army and police rein on the secur North-East regio guards for their points and provi have to be fed a the Tigers and I don’t have the fu who were benefi ernment largesse Besides levies ances, specially LTTE cadres hav displacing the occ considerable rese
These are prob LTTE that wil solved when the gets dissolved, fr the necessary la ery in the regic provincial police LTTE cadres an army is expected the financial bu Incidents in th shrugged off mo Minister for D jeratne as “over LTTE rank and being perceived demonstration of imescapable reali writ that runs ir this strength th: build on.
They have no that in any fà region it is they winners. The dis East Provincial ( of the Sixth Ann cial issues that w the North-East. I that happen. The are tied at the n is no provision i dissolving the C mended by the what after dissc the hurdle of th

TAMIL TIMES 7
E Council Delayed
Fron Colombo
rries transporting the , there has been a he fish catch, with the n the Colombo market ly at the door of the
embers of the LTTE, nd raising in Colombo hitted that they were ect funds to maintain hers have played it ibed it as voluntary
LTTE cadres are de the LTTE's 'unofficial force' keeping a tight ity compulsions of the n. They serve as body leaders, man check de sentry duty. They hd looked after, argue money is needed. “We inds like other groups ciaries of Indian Gov
there are also instin the North where removed into houses, 2upants and incurring ntment.
lems according to the get automatically reNorth-East Council esh elections held and w and order machinIn gets functional. A force that will absorb d recruitment to the to relieve the LTTE of rden of their cadres. e North-East region, st times by the State efence, Ranjan Wienthusiasm by the file' are increasingly in the South as a Tiger strength, of the ty that it is the Tiger the region. And it is at the Tigers want to
doubts whatsoever ture election in the who will emerge the solving of the North'ouncil and the repeal endment are the cruill decide the future of But then how soon will Government's hands Loment because there the constitution for ouncil unless recomChief Minister. But lution. There is still e Sixth Amendment.
EROS leader Vellupillai Balakumar met with leaders of Sinhala political parties as well as Muslim leaders to canvass support for the repeal of the Sixth Amendment. While the main opposition Sri Lanka Freedom Party, which is the Government's biggest critic over what it charges as accommodation of LTTE demands at the cost. of the Sinhala majority, is most unlikely to support any such move, the traditional left would however vote. with the Government.
Sri Lanka Muslim Congress leader M. Asraff wants the LTTE to concede devolution of power in the region on the basis of ethnicity. Accusing the
LTTE of unleashing a campaign of terror, Ashraff is in no mood to accommodate the LTTE even if he feels
that the LTTE request for a repeal of the Amendment is justified.
Political analysts seem to think that the Government might just about make it. If it does, then there will be nothing in the way of the LTTE entering the political mainstream.
The LTTE would then have a chance of proving its bonafides.

Page 8
8 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 9
15 MAY 1990
Indo-Sri Lank
Friendship Tre
In normal circumstances a debate on an international treaty takes place when it is presented to Parliament for ratification. The elected representatives of the people are then given an opportunity of examining the terms of the agreement before committing the country to it.
The stated Sri Lankan position that the Indo-Lanka friendship treaty should be debated before it is signed is unusual and in many ways unprecedented. The circumstances in which the July 1987 accord was signed perhaps makes it necessary for any government in Sri Lanka to involve all sections of political opinion and find consensus before committing itself to an agreement.
In the examination of the two drafts, the Sri Lankan draft could be described as a very basic document. The
essence of the set out in Arti follows:
i) The ports o be used in a the security i ii) Each count territory to be commit terron advocate sepa and will depo. person is a na country, to th
Whilst this is
Article III sets ( lems "can only sion and dialog
i) Declare the adherence to
problems thro negotiations C
Agreement to consolidate and extend the friendly relations and cooperation between the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and The Republic of India.
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Republic of India,
— Recognising, the special relationship that exists between them based on close historic links and traditional ties.
- Desirous of strengthening, consolidating and expanding the existing friendly relations between them.
- Reaffirming their commitment to the principles of the UN charter, and also the Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations contained in UN Resolution 2625 (XXV).
- Recalling their commitment to the fundamental principles of the Non-Aligned Movement of respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence, equal relations bet w e en Stat e s, non - interference in internal affairs of States, non-use of force or threat of force, peaceful coexistence and the peaceful settlement of disputes.
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Article I: The Democrátic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Republic of India (hereinafter referred to as the Two Countries) solemnly declared
The Sri Lankan
their respect f sovereignty, ter unity of the oth commitment to friendship betwe
Article : In
Countries agre thening of good between them, mutual trust a remove any hil these objectives operation.
Article : Th
vinced that bil; only be resolv dialogue -
(i) declare the adherence to problems thr negotiation o sovereign equi (ii) declare th directly or in intervene in each other.
Article V:
further agree t
(i) the Ports o be used in an to the interes
(ii) each coun territory to b to commit te: advocate sepa and will depo person is a na country, to th
 
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 9
Sri Lankan position is le IV which reads as
one country shall not hanner prejudicial to hterests of the other. ry will not permit its used by any person to ist activities or to ratism in the other, t such person if such tional of the other at country.
the meat of the Treaty, ut that bilateral probbe resolved by discusle – ir commitment and solving bilateral ugh discussion and in the basis of their
or the independence, ritorial integrity and er and re-affirm their
enduring peace and een them.
this spirit, the Two e, through the strengneighbourly relations
to consolidate their nd confidence and to hdrances to achieving , through friendly co
e Two Countries, conateral problems could ed by discussion and
ir commitment and solving bilateral ugh discussion and n the basis of their ality; and at they will not either tirectly interfere or he internal affairs of
The Two Countries Lat'one country shall not y manner prejudicial is of the other; |ry will not permit its used by any person rorist activities or to ratism in the other, t such person, if such tional of the other at country.
sovereign equality. ii) Declare that they will not either directly or indirectly interfere or intervene in the internal affairs of each other'.
The Indian draft is a far more comprehensive document which seeks to bring the whole gamut of Indo-Sri Lanka relations within its orbit, and it is also much more specific.
The Indian counter draft refers to a 'special relationship'. The question arises as to whether conceding a special relationship confers certain rights per se — this is a matter that has to be examined. Following from this are references in the preambular section to 'cross border links and sensitivities' which are said to 'draft affect democratic evolution and national consolidation of the two countries'.
As stated earlier the Indian draft is specific in many respects. Article I requires the parties to reaffirm their determination to implement in its totality the Indo-Sri Lanka agreement and the annexures thereto.
Continued On Page 10
Article V: The Two Countries affirm their commitment to the consolidation and extension of the friendly relations and mutual co-operation that have traditionally existed between them. Towards this end, they agree to promote active co-operation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, technical, scientific and other fields as mutually agreed.
Article VI: This Agreement shall be subject to ratification and shall enter into force upon the exchange of Instruments of Ratification.
Article Vill: This Agreement shall remain in force until either country declares its intention to terminate it by giving the other six months written notice.
Article VIII: The Two Countries shall consult each other with regard to any amendment or modification of this Agreement and such amendment or modification shall be effected in writing as mutually agreed and shall be subject to ratification. Such amendment or modification shall enter into force upon exchange of Instruments of Ratification.
Article IX: This Agreement shall supercede the Agreement contained in the Exchange of Letters between the President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of the Republic of India dated 29 July 1987.
Article X: Any difference of interpretation or application of this Agreement that may arise between the Two Countries shall be settled between them in a spirit of mutual trust and understanding.

Page 10
10 TAMIL TIMES
The text of the Indian counter draft of the friendship treaty as sent to the Sri Lankan government is as follows. Agreement to consolidate and extend friendly relations and cooperation between the Republic of India and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. ,
The Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, being the high contracting parties to this treaty.
Conscious of the special relationship and friendship that exists between the two countries stretching over two millennia:
— Desirous of consolidating, strengthening, and expanding the traditionalties of friendship:
- Inspired by the common ideals of peace, secularism and democracy:
- Reaffirming their shared commitment to the aims and principles of the UN charter, to the fundamental principles of the non-aligned movement, to peaceful co-existence and sovereign equality of states.
- Recognising the multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and multi-religious character of the societies in the two countries, and the need to foster conditions in their states in which all citizens can live in equality, safety and harmony and fulfil their aspirations, which in turn would contribute to the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of their two countries:
- Conscious of the fact that the process of democratic evolution and national consolidation in their respective countries, are affected by cross border links and sensitivities that have their origin in history: .
- Believing that the traditiona friendship between the two countries can be strengthened by weaving a new pattern of cooperative relationship responsive to each others COCCS:
— Recalling the significant contribution made to these ends by the IndoSri Lanka Agreement to restore peace and normalcy in Sri Lanka of July 29, 1987:
Have agreed as follows: ܐܝܢ
Article 1: The parties reaffirm their determination to implement in its
totality, the Indo-Sri Lanka Agree
The Indian Drafi
ment and the annexu cluded on 29 July 198
Article ill: The parti clare their respect f independence, soverei integrity and unity ar commitment to endu friendship between th
In this spirit, the consolidate their mu confidence and to rem ties in the way of : objectives through good neighbourly friendly cooperation.
Article Ili: All proble States shall be settled amicably through co. negotiations on the ba equality and mutual
Article IV: Should stability of either state by external aggres threat, the high con shall immediately ent tions and take appr.
eaSureS.
Article V: In confo traditional friendshi two States, neither p into or participate it alliance directed again
Article VI: The parti refrain from any act against the other an the use of their ter commission of any inflict military dama party.
Article VII: The p; permit their territoric any person to commit ity directed against The parties shall cons extradition of any pe terrorist activity in existing arrangement
Article VIII: The h parties undertake n third party, any use as a military base ( facility of a similar c
Article IX: Each || party shall ensure th territory will not be for military use by a in a manner prejudic interests of the othe
Continued From Page 9
- The Indo-Sri Lanka agreement and the annexures relate to the domestic situation in Sri Lanka, and this was a
matter which not only the opposition in Sri Lanka, but members of the then
government, including the present President objected to.
Contentio It was their col constitutes a gross internal affairs of S any agreement rela tic situation in Sri been between Sri I should not have country. Therefore
 

15 MAY 1990
thereto, con
3 solemnly deeach other's nty, territorial reaffirm their ng peace and
Ω.
rties agree to ual trust and ve any difficul'hieving these strengthening elations and
ms between the bilaterally and sultations and sis of sovereign espect. he security or be endangered sion or other racting parties er into consultapriate counter
rmity with the between the arty shall enter in any military inst the other.
es undertake to of aggression d not to permit ritories for the act that might ge on the other
rties shall not s to be used by
terrorist activhe other party. der requests for son involved in ccordance with
3.
gh contracting t to give to a f their territory for any other aracter.
igh contracting t any port in its made available y third country
Article X: The parties undertake not to permit the presence on their territory of foreign mercenaries or military or intelligence personnel with a view to ensuring that such presences do not prejudice Indo-Sri Lanka relations.
Article XI: The parties undertake to ensure that any facilities set up on their territory by foreign broadcasting organisations are used solely as public broadcasting facilities and not for any military or intelligence purposes.
Article XII: The high contracting parties affirm their commitment to the consolidation and extension of friendly relations and mutual cooperation that have traditionally existed between them. Towards this end they shall continue to strengthen and widen their cooperation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, technical, scientific and other fields on the basis of the principles of equality and mutual benefit. In this spirit the high contracting parties agree to develop the Trincomalee oil tank farm as a joint venture between them.
Article XIII: The parties shall establish a joint consultative mechanism to review matters of common concern in light of the objectives of this treaty, which will meet at least once a year.
Article XIV: Any differences in interpretation and application of this treaty shall be settled through consultation and negotiation in a spirit of mutual trust and understanding.
Article XV: The present treaty shall replace the letters exchanged by the President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of India on July 29, 1987.
Article XVI: This treaty is concluded for a period of twenty years and will be automatically extended for subsequent periods of five years at a time unless either of the parties declares its intention to terminate it by giving notice in writing to the other party, twelve months prior to the expiration of any such period.
Article XVII: Any amendment or modification to this treaty can be i effected through mutual agreement in writing. Such amendment or modification shall enter into force upon exchange of instruments of ratification.
Article XVIII: This treaty shall be subject to ratification and shall enter
l to the security into force upon the exchange of in
struments ofratification. S issues in the Indian draft indicates that the
ention that this terference in the
Lanka, and that ng to the domesnka, should have nkan parties and nvolved another e inclusion of this
Indian side has not taken into consideration the sensitivities and the objections raised in many circles in Colombo, which were all known.
The next contentious issue relates to the intent of Article III wherein the Indian draft states that all problems Continued on Page 21

Page 11
15 MAY 1990
- TAMIL REFUGEESIN TE
by K.S. Nathan LL.B (London) O.C.
A number of Tamils from Sri Lanka who arrived in this country since 1987 were refused permission to stay in the United Kingdom as refugees within the terms of the 1951 Convention and Protocol relating to the status of refugees.
The Convention is contained in an International Treaty and the United Kingdom has acceded to the Convention which, for all practical purposes, has been incorporated into the current United Kingdom Immigration Rules.
Many of the Tamils who arrived were within the age group of 19 to 25, who claimed that they had 'a wellfounded fear within the Convention. As soon as they were refused leave to enter the United Kingdom, each of them instituted proceedings in the Divisional Court for Judicial Review.
- In view of the large number of Tamil asylum seekers bringing proceedings in the High Court at that time, the Divisional Court selected about 10 cases as test cases, to determine the asylum issue which included Sikhs as well, in principle. Therefore, the rest of the Tamil cases were adjourned sine die and to date, there are still a large number of outstanding Tamil cases pending in the Divisional Court.
The test case in the Divisional Court on these matters was R. v Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Grumeet Singh and Others, determined on 22nd May 1987. The judgment of this case gave certain guidelines and how those pending cases in the Divisional Court should be scrutinised both by the legal advisers and the Treasury solicitors, to see whether or not the pending applications for Judicial Review ought to proceed.
The House of Lords considered the question of Tamil "refugee' within Article 1A(2) of the Convention and Protocol relating to the status of refugees in the case of R. v Secretary of State for the Home Department ex parte Sivakumaran and Others 1988 1. Appeal Cases page 958, and concluded that the test of “well-founded fear' should be
determined obje the circumstance try of his natio) Lords, in that ca: Applicant's fear be well-founded : demonstrate a 1 likelihood that h for a convention to Sri Lanka.
The Home Offi ly reviewing thes ing the Applican the United King within the Conve leave to remain in outside the Immi ly for a period of
The terms of the Tamil refuge tional leave has event of refusal o leave to remain dom, there will b an Adjudicator.
As the extensio tionally outside th the rights of app ised, to what e. Authority will be the issue remains
The Court of decided that the p of the European man Rights is not but as the 1951 vention relating fugees has been i Immigration Rule ment can be adva binding in the En
Under the Imm sons admitted are the United Kingd ployment, to set employment, or as dent means, an a the time limit re. concerned has ren Kingdom for 4 ye the Home Office cluded applying t exceptional leave sure that those
20,000 Tamils claim European asylu
Over 20,000 Sri Lankan Tamils arrived in European countries last year seeking political asylum, a meeting of the European Consultation on Refugees and Exiles was told in Paris in late March.
The major receiving countries were West Germany with 7,758 applications and France with 3,326. Switzerland had a record 4,809 applications from Sri Lankans many of whom had ar
rived illegally fr countries.
Acquiring refu Lankans in Eurol task, observers number of coun arrivals have France remains an assiduous pub paign on Sri Lai has raised the rec

E U.K.
tively in the light of s existing in the counLality. The House of e, concluded that the of persecution should means that he has to easonable degree of e will be persecuted d reason if returned
te have been gradual2 cases and are grants leave to remain in dom, not as refugees ntion but exceptional the United Kingdom gration Rules, initial12 months. he letter granted to es by way of excepguaranteed, in the f further extension of in the United Kinge a right of appeal to
ns are granted excephe rules and although eal have been promktent the Appellant able to adjudicate on
to be seen.
Appeal has already rovisions of Article 8 Convention on Hupart of English Law United Nations Conto the status of rencorporated into the es, a powerful argunced that it should be glish Courts.
nigration Rules, perallowed to remain in Dm for approved emup in business, selfa person of indepenpplication may have moved if the person hained in the United ars. The reason why has specifically exhe rules and giving is presumably to en
persons who are
TAMIL TIMES 11
allowed to remain in the United Kingdom exceptionally do not qualify for permanent residence in the United Kingdom.
The fact is that these Tamils who have been granted exceptional leave in the United Kingdom are now in a position, if they choose, to travel to Sri Lanka without any problems. Moreover, had they been granted refugee status, their passports would have been taken away and they would have been granted travel documents as refugees under the terms of the 1951 United Nations Convention.
This is not the first time the problem has arisen, as far as the United Kingdom is concerned, with regard to political refugees. In the case of persons who arrived in the United Kingdom as a result of problems in Cyprus, a large number of them were in fact allowed to remain in the United Kingdom when the problem in Cyprus was resolved. It is left to be seen how the United Kingdom will resolve the problems of the Tamils if and when the Tamil problem is resolved in Sri Lanka.
Many of the Tamils who are in the United Kingdom are young male Tamils between the ages of 21 and 35 who formed a 'sub-social group' within the meaning of the Convention. It is a point on which there has been no direct judicial intepretation by the Courts of this country. In the numerous applications made to the Divisional Court, Court of Appeal and the House of Lords in connection with the Tamils, well documented Amnesty International reports played a significant part in supporting their cases.
Apart from that report, a report was also obtained from the report of the parliamentary group which visited Sri Lanka to find out about the atrocities sustained by the Tamils. Both these reports indicated that Tamils not only received torture, but also were persecuted, particularly in the Jaffna area.
In conclusion, although there are no exact figures, it is estimated that there are about 7,000 Tamil refugees who have been granted exceptional leave in the United Kingdom. This is only a temporary measure and their future will no doubt depend on the attitude of the British Government and the political situation as it develops in Sri Lanka.
m in 1989
pm other European
gee status for Sri le remains a difficult say, especially in a ries where refugee loubled this year. he exception where lic information camka's ethnic conflict ognition rate to 63%.
In Germany, where there are over 30,000 Tamil asylum-seekers, a recent Federal Court decision that individual political persecution cannot be ruled out by the existence of civil war conditions in Sri Lanka may have a positive bearing on a number of cases, legal sources Say.
There are now close to 120,000 Sri Lankan asylum-seekers in Europe, refugee authorities say. Around 2% of this year's 20,000 influx may be Continued On Page 15

Page 12
12 TAM TIMES
Whither Sri Lanka
Four Major Areas for Immediate Re
by Prof. C. Suriyakumaran
Every newspaper on the recent Independence Day was full of the 40 years of our national losses, of wasted opportunities and hopes for the future. We were confident, each of us, in our opinionations during crucial periods of these 40 years — especially the politicians and kindred leaderships - and would not listen. We are all now talking of reversing all this.
Are we still with such opinionations, though different in form, confident as before about their correctness - and not listening? Sadly, that seems to be the case, with all of us going into another 40 years of the same, if we really do not try. Right now, there loom four major areas of such inadequate thinking and this appeal is a humble plea for their immediate consideration by all concerned. Those 388S ae
The decision on the "75% Ethnic Ratio for the Sinhalese' in all Central Services irrespective of merit;
The pervasive disillusionment of youth (in fact the people at large) and the well-meaning plethora of recommendations of the Youth Commission's Report;
The crucial aspect of fiscal devolution and development for the provincial councils; and
The ever-continuing reality of national dependence, debt and poverty in the next 40 years.
On them, together, depend the realisation of long-term prosperity, unity and independence.
I. The 75%. Ethnic Ratio'
Perhaps, not since the legislation for Sinhala only, has a measure been introduced, so retrogade and so potentially divisive. It is amazing that no political or other groups or individuals have had anything to say on this. Those who were responsible for it may perhaps not have been even fully aware of its future implications for the country. The only difference is that, unlike the Sinhala Only Bill, this measure, when brought, would work as much against the Sinhalese themselves in the present National context, as against the Tamils or other communities.
On the face of it, the proposal looks a simple national scale application of provincial level criteria. What is good for the provinces, is good for the country as a whole. It seems fair, even non-discriminatory. In effect, it is much worse - for it will, in the end, be divisive, the last thing a central government at least should want.
We may leave asi certain other consic say, the need for a 1 speaking staff for a branch, even it be ce or its effects om at sector; or that it is e than the old notoriou and so on. What is thing far more, viz. v as a whole, is a pa munities in ratios; state.
Leaving aside p countries that are than Sri Lanka wi herself, wherein ce without ratios and ment, we can see ho here in terms of inti by the periphery, munities than the dominant and run reality, recruitment and provincial Serv merit and not rati proviso that in all areas and in all Tau respectively, the pa proficiency is a cond Let us, for the centre. The effect policy would soon b the Tamil-speaking centre, lack of inte eventually suspicior the centre 'rules th the end the defeat concept. This is the Sinhalese would w. not something that to engineer. The however, in seen Sinhalese right, ha bomb on the very d unity and identity. lieve it of the Sinh will we refuse to bel Related to this is a the status of the ca in a devolutionary, I we have now. It is the same reasons demarcated Greate set apart as a ‘Ce city (on the lines of in other countries outlook, focus and creation of federal per se; if the capita Jaffna city, the sa habitation by all c ity and national po This matter, of Ethnic Ratios' for so vital to the futu be a party' matter

15 MAY 1990
2 hinking
le for the moment erations such as 00 per cent Tamil Tamil translation ntral government; ld in the private ven more effective s standardisation; at stake is somewhether the 'State' teh-work of comor, is a unitary
arallels, in other even more federal shes to admit for ntral services are on merit recruitw this would work erest in the centre where other comSinhalese are pretheir affairs. In ;s to both central ices should be on os, with only the Sinhala-speaking mil-speaking areas articular language lition. time, look at the of an ethnic ratio be a “distancing” of areas from the rest and concern, and hostility (for, e country), and in of a "unitary state' last thing that the ant; and certainly Tamils would want present proposal hing assertion of as placed a timeoorstep of national We refused to beala Only Bill then; ieve it of this now?
lack of thought on pital city, Colombo, pluralistic set-up as vital, mutually, for as above, that a r Colombo area be ntral Government' all similar capitals ) with a national eatures. It is not a sm”, or of Colombo of Sri Lanka were me principles - of ommunities, equalicy - would apply.
the new proposed Central Services is re that it must not and should not be
controversial. It must be approached not as an 'adversarial' issue but as a consensual one. It is essential that all those who think alike on this matter, Sinhala or Tamil speaking, should get together as a group.
ll. Public Disenchantment and Youth Commission Recommendations
The diagnosis of the malaise by the Youth Commission's Report, at least as so far made available, is mot new, not in dispute, and is ably made. Its wellintentioned, numerous recommendations may however not take us much beyond the present. The following urgent observations are made in the light of this need:
There is a surfeit of recommendations for setting up of various Commissions or other bodies on various topics, including a commission to set up these Commissions. Apart from inherent considerations, neither commissions nor ombudsmen, as designed, can be expected to reduce youth or people's disillusionment with the 'system' in its various areas and aspects. In Administration the mass of people want accessibility, speedy solutions (not more problems) and convenience (certainly lack of harassment). For livelihood' (i.e. the economic side) they want silent, solid creation of employment opportunities that last, and their association in the process.
(i) Starting from the village areas, up, the first reform should be acceptance of the principle that, for any resident, no need (administrative, welfare, economic) that arises in the village area should have to go outside that area for solution.
The dispensing of all these should be by election of a village area group of citizens who will handle, through agencies and cooperative societies and their local officers, all their functions - of receiving supplies or ideas from top, and furnishing them to the people.
At the village area level in the forties under S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, a short-lived Development Plan preparation System was launched in one district using entirely local leaders to undertake the planning of their areas, with truly revealing results and inspiration. The whole exercise obviously being decades before its time, it came in for immediate opposition from entrenched bureaucracy and did not proceed further.
Any needs that arise at the Pradeshiya (former D.R.O./A.G.A.) level should be dispensed at that level. Rarely should the villager have to go to a Kachcheri (Provincial Council Secretariat) and hopefully never to Colombo, with officials coming down to the village areas as far as possible. This is as a permanent system, to be distinguished from a mobile secretariat.
(ii) This means that all matters, including such as permits, certificates

Page 13
15 MAY 1990
or licences, seed or fertiliser and others should be so handled. In all cases, especially where items are reserved for provincial or Colombo “administration’ it should be accepted as a principle, (a) that the citizen should not have to queue either in the sun or rain, unwanted; and (b) should be served on a 'one-stop' basis. Where endorsements or signatures etc. are required within an office, the citizen should not have to run from pillar to post (and as usual be harassed), but the officer at the OneStop desk should be equipped to have the paper go round his office. (c) Where “windows' are clearly not enough (e.g. for road licences, passport issuance, customs entries) it is the windows that must expand and not the queue. Where needed, e.g. for all public utilities payments, taxes and the like, banks and post offices should be freely authorized to receive such payments, at which point the transaction for the citizen should be final. In all these cases, from the village agriculturist and artisan to the urban worker and ratepayer, it is the citizen who is doing a favour to the Government and not the officials to the citizen, as the officials often think.
(d) The departmental premises of Government and other agencies are often widely and irrationally dispersed, difficult of access and inside, unkempt, disorderly and uninspiring. It is not such a diffuclt task as those who perpetuate it may think, to streamline all this - with little additional cost and enormous enhancement of office competence and morale and public benefit.
(iii) There are already competent bodies or points of authority in some crucial areas where the Youth Commission's Report calls for brand new commissions or bodies. But there is another consideration as well. Commissions and ombudsmen designed to "look out' and to receive complaints will end up only being ad hoc in approach, uncertain in results and illogical in
'design. Instead, what those at the
receiving end look to is a commission or ombudsman, with the right staff, responsible only to the president, to reform the functioning of key offices of "Government' - e.g. transport, telecommunications, power at the Centre and for supplies of input and offtake of produce to the market, including educational, health and other services, at the village area level - and to make them really function smoothly.
Such a change would transform ther
whole relationship and produce the awareness that the people matter and are being served. (This should include the old rule of 'an acknowledgement to any request in 3 days, and a solution in a fortnight; else it shall be specifically explained")
(iv) The law may not be as much of 'an ass as the proverb states, but the inane delay of justice has been tanta
mount to betra all the foregoin the severer the the dignity and ary should be
expansion of ca to the village le to people is ba eliminate thes pervades this Commission Re aspect in su Boards and the
(v) If these sense of exclu English speaki1 would disappea to get their ger their real prol education or ir they knew Eng. same problems especially if thi teaching of En sued for its own vehicle for enh. opportunities ( Commission ha mendations in t
It is only pro with the remarl of admiration b. the Youth Co devotion with w their task.
(vi) Finally, number of com vices, if the la continue to be against the ord for self sustenal support or facili ment hawkers, the poor who al ters, are examp provide alterna of the poor mu supported, rath example, in th vironmental la much holy mo villager, say, th silage, he will cuted; but silag converted into reSource StarV change burden is the "crimina State? Many e. type with our sc mainly indulgir suits, or awake too late and toc
(vii) While ol against corrupt ated or greatl commissions. A U.N. meeting, t in rich countrie the poor. The d could afford it, we must rem warning, that f developing cour than by bribe

TAMIL TIMES 3
ral of basic right. As in above, along with what we have to say
, the poorer the people, below under Poverty', should help far plight. The adulation of more. pageantry of the judici- (viii) There are also several other ,
abandoned and a vast pacity as needed, down vel, and honest relating ly required in order to inse of frustration that domain. (The Youth port does touch on this gesting Conciliation like). were done, the keen sion felt by the nong masses of the people r; for it is the inability uine needs met that is lem — in services, in employment. Even if ish they would face the , given the 'system'; y were also poor. The glish can then be pursake, particularly as a ancing the educational f youth. (The Youth s made useful recomhis regard).
per to end this Section k that one remains full oth for the members of mmission and for the hich they had set about
here is no use for any missions and other de|w and administration interpreted, and used, inary people struggling nce despite lack ofstate ties. The view on pave
slum dwellers, or on e environmental pollules. Until the state can tives, the honest efforts st be recognised, even er than harassed. For e enforcement of enw in which there is so uthing, where a poor rows away fish wastepe hounded and proseis a waste that can be xcellent fertiliser (in a ed and a foreign exd economy). Who then - the citizen or the amples abound of this ience institutes as well, g in other fanciful purning to the former only
slowly.
e must remain totally on, it cannot be elimin
reduced by creating s was once stated in a nere is corruption even , perhaps more than in fference was that they out we could not. Also ember Arthur Lewis r more has been lost to tries by "poor decisions' y. What we set out
areas, e.g. public transport and the future of private cars, and others. Neither space nor sense recommend that we go into them now. It is enough if what we set out for the present can be carried through.
ill. Fiscal Devolution and Development
There have been enough accusations that the provincial councils system is not being allowed to function effectively. True or not, the full and successful functioning of the North East Provincial Council is an essential foundation of future satisfaction and national unity. While there are other aspects (specific issues like colonisation and the like) that of fiscal devolution is a key to good faith as well as good functioning.
Basic to this is that devolution must imply "a sharing of the national financial resources' between the centre and the periphery, taken as a whole, and not a hand out by the centre. A basic element of this sharing is the allocation of shares of income tax and excise revenues to the periphery in agreed proportion, as a basis for the councils' financial autonomy and freedom from the restrictions of unilateral central whims. Upto now, the councils have received only grants and may continue to be given only these as their basis of financing. (The tax sources at present provided in the 13th Amendment to the Provincial Councils are negligible).
The allocation of shared taxes as above is fundamental to devolution, which must be sharply distinguished from decentralisation which the present financing practice reflects, and de-concentration. The 13th Amendment talks of an "allocation from the annual budget' (not a grant from the Consolidated Fund) and this should provide a basis for carrying immediately the principle of 'sharing income and excise taxes; if it does not, the provision must be amended to make clear the accommodation of 'shared’ taxes as a legitimate and essential source and basis of financing and functioning of the provincial councils. (An overall institutional need in this connection is that the Finance Commission should not contain any government servants, preferably headed by a senior retired judge, with others of recognised standing in fields essential to the task). Collateral with this must be effective freedom to the provincial councils to formulate area development plans and through them to explore and attract investment capital for their development. There should be no short-sighted confusion of the umbrella "policy prerogatives that the centre enjoys under List II of the 13th Amendment, with
Continued On Page 15 ལྟེ་

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14 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 15
15 ΜΑΥ 1990
NEWSROUNDUE
O SINHALESE PILGRMS from the south and elsewhere have once again begun visiting the historic Nagadipa Vihare at Ninativu in the Jaffna district after nearly seven years. Foreign tourists too have begun to make their way into Jaffna in considerable numbers.
O GAMIN DISSANAYAKE, recently ousted from President Premadasa's cabinet has suffered further victimisation - he has been removed from the ruling United National Party's Working Committee and also removed from his post of President of the Lanka Jathika Estate Workers Union. Ranjan Wijeratne, the Minister for Plantations and State Minister for Defence has taken Mr. Dissanayake's place in the Union.
O FORTY-SEVEN POLICEMEN who were attached to the Batticaloa police station were transferred on 16 April along with Sub-Inspector, Mr. Senanayake, in consequence of a dispute between the police and the LTTE. According to the LTTE spokesman, some policemen had behaved in an improper manner by cracking jokes at some women of the area who were returning home after attending Mass a few days earlier. LTTE armed cadres had surrounded the police station to question the men concerned at which point shots were fired from inside the police station. The LTTE apprehended four policemen and had detained them for questioning in this connection and released them later.
O MIGRANT SINHALA AND TAMIL fishermen from Negombo and Chilaw who arrive during the fishing season and reside along the coast of Trincomalee have been told by the LTTE that they must pay up to Rs.50,000 collected from among all at each “wadiya' for each fishing season. The payment was for the duration of the entire fishing season which would last about ten months. Meanwhile the LTTE is maintaining a 24-hour check on the fishing operations by each wadiya to calculate the quantities of fish being netted with each catch. According to Fisheries Department officials, the LTTE was also assisting them to settle disputes among fishermen which arose when these fishermen often drifted into each other's fishing areas.
O A MASS RECRUITMENT programme to take in over 6000 personnel as police reservists in the North-East of Sri Lanka commenced on 19 April. 6000 Tamil and Muslim personnel would be recruited to service in police stations in
T
From Page 13
use of it to delay, retard or otherwise dampen provincial drive or imitiatives.
The foregoing two matters may look like operational ones not likely to be of national significance. In reality, when the process of devolution and development in the regions begins to be created, these two, more than any other issue could well prove to be the most important causes of disillusionment with the Centre and the collapse of the entire fabric of National consensus. Wisdom and understanding are needed now and cannot be summoned later after the damage has been done. We had the case of the District Development Councils (DDCs).
IV. National Debt and Poverty
None of the development policies on board so far, however beneficial in their limited ways, will pull the country out of the trap of dependence on foreign aid and increased debt and continued poverty, unless an essential fundamental policy of manufacture of selected ranges of machinery, tools and
equipment drawr (agricultural, indu services) is launch try-wide at small, levels.
Failing this, 40
shall be as we w Independence. The ties must be dedic ramme, along wit stated above. It is the domestic produ such policy that wi dependence on imp ment inputs, raise the only meaningf and eventually ch our internationald exchange balanc poverty permaner for them are avail can be achieved - do so. It is the failu in fact has created other areas such above. (The Youth a similar sentimen "time-bombs', this

TAMIL TIMES 15
the Jaffna, Mannar, Vavuniya, Trincomalee and Batticaloa districts.
OTHE TAMIL NADU (South India) government has decided to set up a monument and a memorial hall in Valloor in honour and respect of the last King of Sri Lanka, Sri Wickrema Rajasingha. The State Government has allocated a sum of seven lakhs of rupees. The King was captured by the British in March 1815 and was exiled to Mauritius islands in February 1816. He passed away in 1824 in a prison and was buried in Walloor. The Indian central government had already approved the construction of the monument and memorial hall.
OMINISTER OF JUSTICE, A.C.S. Hameed had said that he would require more time to persuade the LTTE leadership. to hand back the Jaffna Head Quarters of the Tamil Congress located in northern Jaffna, according to its leader Mr. Kumar Ponnampalam.
O ANALLEGED JVP, 19-year-old activist who had admitted killing 70 persons including Mr. Thevis Guruge of the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation, Mrs. Gladys Jayawardene, sister of former President J.R. Jayawardene, and Mr. Gunaratnam, a prominent Tamil businessman was arrested by the police on 25 April, according to the State Minister for Defence, Mr. Ranjan Wijeratne. The alleged JVP man had been operating with nine other hitmen' and had also been responsible for the bomb attack on a Sri Lanka Airforce patrol in Colombo.
O THE POINT-PEDRO and Valvettithurai police stations which were forced to be closed down recently by the LTTE following alleged misbehaviour of some police officers towards a woman were reopened on April 20. The reopening of the stations manned by approximately 40 officers occurred following discussions between Justice Minister A.C.S. Hameed and the LTTE leader V. Prabhakaran, and the police had resumed providing some designated security tasks.
O THE NUMBER of lorries plying to the North-East are reported to have declined in the wake of the “taxes' levied upon them by the LTTE. An example of the decline is very much in evidence at the Prima Flour Milling factory at Trincomalee from where flour stocks are transported to the south, a spokesman for the factory is reported to have said that it may have to slow down or even cease production due to lack of storage facilities as lorry transporters from Colombo are reluctant to visit the factory.
from all sectors stry, transport and ed early and coun
medium and large
years from now, we rere 40 years after Decade of the Nineated to such a progh the other policies the enlargement of action base through ll remove our abject ports for all developour export values in ul sense of the term, ange the picture of ebt and zero foreign es and eliminate tly. The strategies able and the target given the decision to ure in this area that the pressures in the as those mentioned Commission echoes t). While they are all perhaps is the worst.
If we remain complacent, or seek only palliatives, not all the King's Commissions nor all the King's Ombudsmen would put the country back on its feet again. The chances of a different 40 years from now are in our hands. One can only be humble and hope that we will take the decision. Independence Day next year may tell us.
Continued From Page 11
Sinhalese fleeing the civil war in the South.
In Britain, where refugee figures trebled last year, 1,515 Sri Lankans arrived, claiming asylum. Provisional figures suggest almost no refused cases were deported as compared to 1988 when over 100 Sri Lankan Tamils were forcibly returned to Colombo.
Legal sources say few decisions are now being made on Tamil cases and immigration authorities are clearly adopting a wait-and-see policy in the light of the changing situation in the North-East Province of Sri Lanka.
w

Page 16
16 TAM TIMES:
by ARJUNA
Karunanidhi Weathe
Many a Storm
... Never before has Chief Minister
Muthuvel Karunanidhi been in the
centre of so many political storms as he has been within the past two months of March and April; and most of them involving the Eelam Tamils and the Liberation Tigers. Roundly and persistently criticised by both the Congress-I and the AIADMK, both within the Assembly and outside, both for what he did as well as what he failed to do, Mr. Karunanidhi has however weathered all the storms with considerable aplomb. In fact he has been exhibiting the kind of breezy confidence that was not so evident even when he staged a come-back to power over one year ago - after an enforced political 'vanavasam' of 13 years.
KARUNANIDHI
It all began when he refused to admit the EPRLF-ENDLF-TELOPLOT refugees into Tamil Nadu in early March, with the first of the two ships, the "Harsh Vardhan’ lying
anchored three miles away from the
Madras harbour for several hours and later in the east quay for several more hours. It was a rude surprise for the refugees who unlike normal refugees did not come on their own; they were brought to India officially, in ships
chartered by the Indian government
authorities themselves. An EPRLF leader, Mr. Premachandran told the Press that when the refugees left Trincomalee they were told they will disembark in Madras. "I do not know
what is going on. The Government of
India has organised this ship. Something is wrong in Tamil Nadu', he said. Whatever was wrong, Mr. Karunanidhi's response was a positive "NO". The rest of the story is known - how
the ship was divert nam in Andhra Pra gress-I government refused to admit t eventually the Biju ment in Orissa acce request from Prim Singh to harbour the ple. It was not really with Tamil Nadu, spokesman said. seriously wrong a arrangement. Who the refugees to Inc Central Government mot Mr. Karunanidh first place? If he wa the arrangement, w granted in the issue? nanidhi go back on Whichever it was, it of defiance of the C government - possil ance in the history relations where the was itself a constitue government in the ce operations were then various Indian age cross-purposes with was a classic instan the tail-end of the sto was repeated. It has that the problem oft yet remains unsolve
Mr. Karunanidhi troversy when her himself with the rec Madras harbour to t of the "de-inducted receive a force that the killings of 5,00 ity'? - he said in t Janata Dal leader their critical attitud tion of the IPKF b government, but in stick to form, and sagged morale of particularly when gathering over Ka. Singh deputed th Minister of Defence to do the formal h assisted by Govern himself received th contingent in Del the second act of de a State Chief Minis AIADMK and CPI nagging Mr. Karu at Assembly sess
 
 

15 MAY 1990
'S
d to Visakhaptesh, how a Conthat state also e refugees, and Patnaik governed to a personal Minister V.P. }e unwanted peosomething wrong as the EPRLF Something was pout the whole decided to bring ia - was it the ? If so, why was consulted in the s informed about as he taken for , Or did Mr. Karuan undertaking? was clearly an act entre by a State »ly the first instof Centre-State State government nt member of the entre. If the IPKF selves botched by
ncies working at
each other, here ce where even at ry, the same story to be remembered he Orissa refugees
.
next got into confused to associate eption accorded at ne final contingent IPKF. How can I was responsible for ) of "my communhe Assembly. The were known for to the very inductheir predecessor power they had to rotect the already he Indian Army, war clouds were hmir. So Mr. V.P. scientist Union Dr. Raja Ramanna nours in Madras, or Alexander, and specially air-flown l, while pocketing ance on the part of er. But Congress-I, members kept on anidhi on the issue ns. Defending his
absence at the reception, he said that
former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had misused the Indian Army, and pained by the consequences which cost the lives of 5000 Lankan Tamil lives and 1800 Indian lives including Tamils, he could not in all conscience honour the return of such an army. He went on to read out lengthy excerpts
from LTTE leader Mr. Prabhakaran's
letter written to him in 1988, wherein
the latter had contended that the IPKF was out to decimate his group
and the Rajiv Gandhi government was
spurning all offers for cease-fire and
talks.
The furore did not end there. It erupted in the Rajya Sabha in Delhi when Congress-I members alleged that Mr. Karunanidhi had first refused to take in Tamil refugees at the behest of the LTTE, and later made "unpatriotic remarks' about the Indian Army. With DMK firebrand V. Gopalaswamy asserting that "it was a fact that the IPKF had indulged in the killings of Tamils and other terrible acts', there was uproar in the House, while Sri Lankan Speaker Mr. Mohamed on a visit to India happened to be an interested spectator in the gallery. It took all the diplomatic skills of Government front-benchers like I.K. Gujral and Gurupadaswamy to bring order, while not letting down the IPKF on the one hand and on the other hand not accepting the condemnation of Mr. Karunanidhi either. Forced into such acts of tight-rope walking, the National Front government leaders do not seem to know how best to contain a constituent Chief Minister who is becoming increasingly aggressive. As for Mr. Karunanidhi, he appears to be sitting pretty, because he knows that as long as there is a strong nexus between the LTTE (in physical control of northeast Sri Lanka, and now apparently even the Palk Strait) and the government in Tamil Nadu, any Delhi government would be hard put to cross swords with him.
Which probably made him even conciliatory towards the LTTE, on an issue involving fishermen belonging to his own State. There was naturally a hue and cry when it was reported that over 300 fishermen of Nagapattinam who had gone out fishing on the high seas were missing. Mr. Karunanidhi conceded that they were taken away by the LTTE, admitted that the fishermen had violated maritime borders, and went on to describe in the Assembly how the fishermen were well treated by the LTTE, given good food and shelter for the night, treated to video shows, and sent back safely. Mr. Karunanidhi said that all this information was given to him by the fishermen themselves, who were advised by the LTTE to stick to their own maritime waters. The Chief Minister even punned on the name of the village on the
Continued on Page 17

Page 17
και 15 ΜΑΥ 1990
ACUTE SHORTAGE OF DRUGS
Several basic and essential drugs are out of stock. Medical authorities claim that the drugs have not been available for as much as six months.
High on the list are the essential low-cost drugs such as Aminophyllin tablets and Deriphyllin tablets, intravenous and Deriphyllin Retard tablets for asthma, Verapamil and Nifedapine preparations which are cardiac drugs, low cost vitamin preparations, and other drugs such as Perclorperazine, Promethazine, Trifluperazine and many others.
Instead the low cost drugs are availi able in preparations which cost the patient very much more. for example the cardiac drug Verapamil is current
From Page 16
northern coast to which the fishermen were taken - "Inburuthi' - a Tamil term meaning to make one happy. Soon after, another batch of 57 Tamil Nadu fishermen were reported to have been taken captive by the LTTE, and released again with a warning, after being detained at the Talaimannar LTTE camp and photographed. In the face of more criticism by Congress-I and AIADMK leaders who were determined to make political capital, Mr. Karunanidhi's response was muted. He said that he had appealed to the Centre to take the necessary initiative to demarcate clearly the ocean boundaries, so as to enable Indian fishermen to keep within the Indian zone. It is , therefore clear that he sticks to his position that while Indian fishermen continue to violate maritime boundaries, they cannot expect protection.
Meanwhile, the campaign against Mr. Karunanidhi on all four issues - his criticism of the IPKF, his refusal to participate in the reception, his refusal to admit the Orissa refugees, and his stand on the fishermen issue - is snowballing even outside Tamil Nadu. On May 2, the journalist-turned Congress-I politician and spokesman Mr. M.J. Akbar told correspondents in Delhi that the reported accusation by Mr. Karunanidhi that the IPKF had indulged in genocide in Sri Lanka as "the highest possible insult to the Armed Forces, and wanted the Prime Minister Mr. V.P. Singh to explain if he regards the charge as accurate. Stressing the point that the army should not be made an object of politicking, he accused Mr. Karunanidhi of 'kicking the Indian Army to serve his political moves'. Mr. Akbar was of course being far-fetched in his views in his anxiety to bring about a cleavage between the Centre and Tamil Nadu. In the first place, Mr. Karunanidhi never accused the IPKF of genocide pointedly. Mr. Akbar's former newspaper, The Telegraph had interpreted Mr. Karuna
ly available in over a rupee. Th costing 60 cts ha months, Vitami 10 cts per tablet Only 500mg. Vit expensive is ava
Worse affected depend on privat doctor. “Drug til only expensived profit, says the
Another docto State Pharmac (SPC) seems to tice. “They too se only the expens doctor.
"As far as the are not short of
Chairman, Mr
nidhi's remark found in the ca IPKF as implyin guilty of genoci was merely repe that effect made insinuation that encouraging se Nadu was a serio time when the t was increasingly - in Kashmir, Assam. While M on record as say: prepared to be di for exposing the he had to take charge of secessi effectively. Tam President Mr. W thy has been bus meetings that af DMK governme which had been d were active again Tigers were movi state canvassing mand for a separ that the militant the state and v training. Apart other political p and the BJP had gress-I chorus.
While oppositi be considered ex: it has also to b Karunanidhi's p new phase. The TI ism is already 1 perceptible influ nationalism. Mr much a formidab Nadu as he is Dravida Kazgaga mani is virtually force of the LTT nidhi cannot affic with the DK in tu P. Nedu maran a for the LTTE an Sabha M.P. Mr tinuing his fie

TAMIL TIMES 17
preparations costing le less expensive form s been out of stock for C tablets which cost
are also out of stock. amin C which is more ilable.
are the patients who (e medical care, says a raders are importing rugs as they get more doctor. r says that even the euticals Corporation be following this pracem to be getting down sive drugs, says the
SPC is concerned we any drugs', says SPC . Lakshman Rana
singhe.
But many are still not satisfied. At Osu Sala outlets many of the inexpensive drugs are not available and patients have to spend more on expensive formulations of the same drug.
“Even the international drug concerns sell inexpensive drugs together with the expensive drugs for the convenience of the people rather than selling only the expensive drugs for profit. Something should be done for it to be so in Sri Lanka too' says another doctor.
Meanwhile the Independent Medical Practitioners Association and the College of General Practitioners, Sri Lanka, have informed the Chairman of the State Pharmaceuticals Corporation on the shortage.
that "skeletons were mps vacated by the ng that the IPKF was de. Mr. Karunanidhi ating a statement to by the LTTE. The Mr. Karunanidhi was essionism in Tamil ous political ploy, at a hreat of secessionism being felt in the north
in Punjab, and in r. Karunanidhi went ing that he was even smissed by the Centre misdeeds of the IPKF, care to see that the onism was countered il Nadu Congress-I 'azhapadi Ramamursy alleging at various ter the advent of the nt, separatist forces
ormant for some time
h; that the Liberation ng about freely in the support for their deate Tamil Eelam; and s had set up camps in vere providing arms from the AIADMK, arties like the CPM
also joined the Con
on allegations might uggerated politicking, e accepted that Mr. olitics is entering a amil Eelam nationalbeginning to have a ence on Tamil Nadu
Prabhakaran is as le influence in Tamil in Sri Lanka. The um under Mr. Veera
acting as a link-up E, and Mr. Karunard to strain his links rn. With men like M. ctively campaigning with his own Rajya
Gopalaswamy cony support for Mr.
Prabhakaran, it can even be said that there is no choice as far as Mr. Karunanidhi is concerned. His very stay in power and his image as a Tamil leader cannot be sustained, except by linking forces with an increasingly dominant LTTE. He is also aware that the National Front government, besieged as it is with overwhelming national problems in the north, is in no position to take him on in the south, even if it wishes to. As for the frenzied campaign against him by opposition political forces, it had hardly any impact on the people. The Tamil-language Press, both the dailies and the periodicals, are by and large aligned with the DMK, with at least three dailies, the "THINKARAN, MURASOLI' and "MALAIMURASU” controlled by the party. At the same time there are three Tamil weeklies, JUNIOR VIKATAN”, “NAKKEERAN” and “DEVI” which have consistently projected the LTTE and Mr. Prabhakaran in their columns. Even the long-standing, popular weekly, the ANANDA VIKATAN” had displayed admirable empathy with the Eelam Tamils’ cause. Given all these factors, it could be said that he is right now on velvet. He looks good enough to ride many more storms.
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Page 19
f 15 MAY 1990
From Page 6
for abortions according to Dr. Kularatne.
He told his fellow doctors Women would come, hold your arms and promise you heaven and hell, but never perform an abortion'.
326 Undergrads Missing
Three hundred and twenty-six university students are reported to have disappeared, according to the latest reports of the University Grants Commission (UGC).
The largest number of missing students - 101 - is reported from the University of Peradeniya while 65, 52, 51, 40 and 17 students are reported to have disappeared from the universities of Sri Jayawardanepura, Ruhuna, Kelaniya, Colombo and Moratuwa, respectively.
Meanwhile, 251 University students are still held in custody by the security authorities, although the Universities here reopened in January. Sixty-eight of these are being held in the Kalapaluwava rehabilitation camp while 45 are at the Welisara Navy Camp. The Boosa and Pelawatta detention camps hold 16 and four university students, respectively, while a single bhikku student of the University of Kelaniya is detained in the Poonani detention camp.
The rest of the University students in custody are detained at various police stations and in security forces camps throughout the country.
Of the total of 251 in custody seventy students are from the University of Peradeniya while the Universities of Ruhuna, Sri Jayawardanepura, Kelaniya, Colombo and Moratuwa have 61, 59, 30, 19 and 12 of their student population in the custody of security authorities. -
UGC sources also revealed that 74 University students had been released and handed over to their parents since December last year by the Ministry of Defence, through the UGC. This number included 56 from the University of Ruhuna, nine from the University of Colombo, four from the University of Peradeniya and two each from the Universities of Sri Jayawardanepura
d Moratuwa.
LTTE BAN ON PUBLIC COMPLAINTS TO POLICE
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) has imposed an immediate ban on public lodging complaints with the police in the North-East and warned the people that they would be fined if their order was violated in any form.
Fines ranging from Rs. 100 to Rs. 1.000 would be levied on violators, depending on the nature of the complants made to the Police, residents in
the region had imposed have to LTTE “political obtained, it is le All types of of der were being and in most are merged Province specially told th their duty to l plaints, security indicated.
A prominentl asked not to be n now at home e been “salted awa closed and his p standstill. “The II now, he added.
An Officer-in-C tion in the N. admitted that t complaints had r He said that co Lanka Police in futile exercise as grossly restricted
The LTTE “arr plaints made an detained until complete. After t produced before t either sentenced
guilty.
Brahm, Of 750
Early Brahmi wri ing back to 750 BC pura in association to the pre-Devan created a sensati circles.
Prof. P. E. Fell * epigraphist, and
atne, former Archaeology, who ters on pottery a they belong to the Prakrit — an Indi other than Sansk
Further scientil the USA have in of writing in Bral several centuries believed.
Scholars have that writing first and then in Sri La of Emperor Asok test on a sample indicated an age (Sunday Times, But radio-carbon now confirm this
Dr. S.U. Dera Commissioner of Director of the A excavation project rent that writing were practised in around 750 BC.

been told. The fines be paid to the nearest office' and a receipt rint.
ences, including murlandled by the LTTE is of the temporarilythe Police have been at it was not part of ok into public comOfficials in the region
wyer in the East who amed said that he was risting on what had y’ as the courts were actice had come to a TTE is doing the job
harge of a Police Staorth-Eastern region he number of public 2corded a sharp drop. mplaining to the Sri the province was a their functionswere
ested' people on comd the suspects were investigations were hat the suspects were he LTTE Courts and | or fined, if found
ni Writing BC Found
tings on pottery datfound in Anuradhawith finds assigned ampiyatissa era has on in archaeological
nando an eminent Mr. W.S. KarunarCommissioner of examined these letre of the view that ancient Indo-Aryan language or dialect it. ic tests conducted in licated the existence miscripts to a date arlier than hitherto
until recently held appeared in India nka during the reign around 250 BC. A of the layer earlier of 5th century BC, 'ebruary 18, 1990). (ests from the USA ge to be 750 BC. " hiyagala, Assistant Archaeology, and uradhapura citadel said: "It is now appain Brahmi script Anuradhapura at
: TAMIL TIMES 19
The results of the tests which were conducted at Beta Analytical Laboratories, Florida are expected to make a major breakthrough in the South Asian history and archaeology, and also revolutionize our ideas as to the beginnings of writing not only in Sri Lanka, but the entire Indian Subcontinent as well.
The excavations were conducted by Dr. Deraniyagala, and was assisted by Dr. C. Raymond of the Sorborne University and the school of Far Eastern Studies, Paris.
Salaries Stopped
The government has stopped the payment of salaries to all 365 personal security officers of Ministers and members of the North-East Provincial Council with effect from March 1.
The Deputy Inspector-General in charge of the North-Eastern Range, T.E. Anandarajah, had in a letter dated March 21, 1990, addressed to the Leader of the Opposition of the 73member council indicated that he had been "directed by higher authorities to terminate all payments to the personal security officers of the North-East PC with effect from March 1, 1990.
Mr. Anandarajah had requested the Opposition Leader to inform all members of the council of this decision.
Each PC member was provided with five personal security officers who were hand picked by them. The men were given arms training by the security authorities and all payments, salaries, allowances, etc., were made by the Central Government. -
Transport Minister of the NorthEast PC M. Abu Yusuf said that the security personnel had not received last month's salary and as a result of the stoppage of dues, the councillors had to pocket out'. -
"I am a PC Minister but I don't have any security now. There are threats. What are we to do? I have only my willpower, he added.
Mr. Yusuf noted that they were now in a helpless position and with the termination of salaries to the security officers assigned to members the risk the councillors faced had become a matter for concern.
Opposition Leader Cegu Issadeen said that the members had to either pay out of their pockets for their security or have no security at all and be exposed to threats.
The payment of wages to the personal security officers of the solitary UNP member in the council, M. Mashoor Moulana, had also been stopped following this decision.
The North-East PC consists of 55 EPRLF-ENDLF members, 17 SLMC members and 1 UNP councillor.

Page 20
20 TAMILTMES
OUT OF BONDAGE by T. Sabaratnam (Published by the Sri Lanka Indian Community Council. Rs: 250/=)
The book "Out of Bondage', a biography of S. Thondaman by T. Sabaratnam, a senior journalist in the Lake House, was released on the 26th February, 1990. The book was published by the Indian Community Council to mark the 50th anniversary of Mr. Thondaman's service to the people of this country especially to the Tamils of recent Indian origin. This is the third book about the life of Mr. Thondaman. The first was an autobiography in English 'My Life and Times' (Volume 1) and it was released on March 2, 1988. The second was a biography in Tamil by S. Sivanayagam titled "Thalaivar Thondaman' which was released in 1989.
The book "Out of Bondage' consists of 13 chapters in 248 pages. The author sums up Thondaman's life as a dedicated trade union leader and an astute politician. He had covered Mr. Thondaman's activities for over three decades and had preserved notes of his meet
ings and interviews with Mr Thondama introductory note th the few journalists
Thondaman's gradu trade union leader to
This book traces who has won the r munities in this c political biography o during the last 50 fascinating about th author recounts a anecdotes and incide: "insider's' view of the Thondaman conduct veloped his qualiti Readers will find i information about il events of this count Thondaman was inv landmarks of Mr. Th well known to man refers to some of th journalistic style in v
Mr. Sabaratnam Thondaman’s greate secure citizenship ri who had been rendel 1948; and, he was ab after many years of s He also lays emphas which Mr. Thondar
$90 Million From World Bank
Aid giving nations are expected to chip in with more assistance to Sri Lanka outside what they have already pledged at the last Aid Group meeting.
Informed financial analysts disclosed
recently that the World Bank would lead a drive to obtain more funds for Sri Lanka's economic development with next week's approval by the World Bank Board of Directors of a US $90 million loan to Colombo.
This crucial economic recovery loan, which is being granted at very low interest, is a reward for Colombo implementing key structural changes in the economy demanded by both the IMF and World Bank.
Among the reforms the Sri Lanka Government has undertaken to implement are the removal of subsidies, restructuring of the public service and privatisation of state owned business undertakings.
At the last Sri Lanka Aid Group meeting held in Paris last October, these nations pledged a record US $740 million in assistance.
This massive loan of Rs. 3.6 billion from the World Bank, was also without any strings attached, sources said. And Sri Lanka was free to spend it as she likes.
Meanwhile a top level delegation from the Treasury and Central Bank is expected to leave for Washington next week to attend the spring meetings of
the World Bank anc
Both Treasury Se alingam and Centr Dr. H.N.S. Karunat to be in the team.
DAMAGE BY VOLENCE OV
Plantation Indust State Minister for Wijeratne yesterd tentative damage property outside th result of subversiv 935.66 million.
He told the we briefing on 19 Apr ment hoped to obta ign donors to me involved in the rec
Cabinet had dec tries should set a their budget for re. within their purvie
Mr. Wijeratne damage was much other reports from He said that US had been given sp struction work in
The Minister plantations sect amounting to Rs. 8 destroyed. Forty burnt.

15 MAY 1990
nich he has had He says in his , he was one of no watched Mr. evolution from a national leader. e life of a man pect of all comntry. It is the Mr. Thondaman years. What is book is that the urge number of Is which gives an vay in which Mr. himself and de; of leadership. it a wealth of portant political y in which Mr. lved. The major ndaman's life are and the author em in the fluent hich he writes. recalls that Mr. st wish was to ihts for all those ed stateless after le to achieve this trugggle in 1989. is on the way in nan regards his
work in the CWC. Although Mr. Thondaman has built up the CWC since 1940, he repeatedly says 'I never think that the CWC is there because of me. I believe that I am in this position because of the CWC and my people'.
The author also focuses attention on all the improvements he has brought about in the educational facilities for Tamil children in the plantations. Housing is another area where Mr. Thondaman wants to bring about improvement and that he has also constantly encouraged plantation youth to undertake self-employment schemes like dairy farming, poultry keeping, etc.
It should be pointed out that although the author has stated that Mr. Thondaman was sworn in as Cabinet Minister in 1975, the fact is that he was sworn in only in 1978. In this connection Mr. Sabaratnam quotes Mr. Thondaman as follows I have joined the Cabinet not for personal glory but to use my position to achieve the betterment of the plantation Tamils', Thondaman himself has repeatedly said, Mr. Sabaratnam has written, that he was not a yes man' in the Cabinet and would never fail to disagree with anyone in the Cabinet if he felt him wrong.
| the IMF.
cretary R. Paskaral Bank Governor illake are expected
SUBVERSIVE "ER RS.1935M”
ies Minister and
Defence, Ranjan ly said that the caused to public e North-East as a violence was Rs.
kly Cabinet news l that the governin funds from foret the expenditure nstruction process. led that all Minisart 25 per cent of onstruction coming
W. xplained that the more as there were Ministriesto come. ollars 500 million cifically for reconLe North-East.
lded that in the alone property 0 million had been actories had been
Mr. K. Paramothayan has been awarded the Ph.D degree (Comparative Education) by the University of London for his work on the Cooperative Movement in Jaffna. He Carried out an in depth comparative study with specific reference to Education under the supervision of Prof. Brian Holmes, the well known authority in the field of International Comparative Education. His thesis was highly commended by the exarՈInerS.
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Page 21
15 MAY 1990
Jaffna Hindu obtains best results in
The centenary year of Jaffna Hindu College has brought her rewards in the field of education. It has topped all the other schools in the North at the GCE Advanced Level examination held last year.
Four students secured A grade in all the four subjects. Three students got 3 As and 1 B. These are the best results in the Northern region this year.
The results further revealed Hartley College, Point Pedro, St John's College,
Jaffna, Methodist school, Point Pe school, Jaffna, S and Central Coll the second, thir sixth places in ol these schools the b grade A in fours
In all the leadin 50 percent qualif the university. Th ses in the comme than last year.
From Page 10 shall be settled bilaterally. This 'Simla' type formulation shuts out the right of Sri Lanka to take any dispute either to the UN or any other forum. For a small country which may have a dispute with a giant such as India, this does not represent a fair position in the eyes of many Sri Lankans.
Article IV is equally, if not more, unacceptable for it suggests that "if the security or stability of either state is in danger by external aggression or other threat the high contracting parties shall immediately enter into consultations and take appropriate measures'. The words "other threats' leave the door open for India to call for consultations in the event of any internal situation in Sri Lanka which she claims is a threat to her security.
This could create dangerous possibilities for interference of internal affairs of Sri Lanka. The rationale for the Indian position can, of course be understood in the context of recent events.
However Article VII states that requests for extradition of persons involved in terrorist activity will be given consideration, whereas the Sri Lanka draft (Art. IV (ii) is, very specific in calling for the deportation of such persons.
Article VIII which deals with military bases, Art. IV which relates to ports, Art. X which relates to the presence of foreign mercenaries or military or intelligence agencies, Art. XI the use of broadcasting facilities solely for public broadcasting, should all be acceptable in form and content and should not present any difficulties to the Sri Lanka side.
Article XII which refers to the consolidation and extension of friendly relations and mutual cooperation, states that the contracting parties should agree to developing the Trincomalee oil tank farm, as a joint venture in pursuance of this. This reference to a specific project is unprecedented and has no place in a treaty of this nature. It should rightly be part of an economic agreement between the two countries. Article XIII which relates to the establishment of a joint consultative mechanism and Article XIV which refers to the interpretation and ap
plication of the tre no difficulties.
Neither should refers to the fact of the letters excha. problem.
Article XVI whi year period for w applicable nor Artic which refer to mo fication of the agr sent no problems e. Politic These show that not too far apart a ences can be bridge is present. Sri Lank the principle of re co-existence non-ir internal affairs, sovereignty and eq in the context of the - and the non-us settlement of disput countries. These pr vide the framewor ment of relations on able basis between
It is a tautology agreement should possible acceptance spectrum of a col concluded. Hence th ident's unusual step on the agreement b
Sri Lanka first p) 1988 January. The to this from the Ind 1989 after the nev formed in Sri Lank submitted. India's months afterwards, ment of a new gove1 the period betwee persons and agencia tries, acting indep have indulged in p. games.
But despite the h has created, if th present it would be countries to enter acceptable treaty - only strengthen the is over 2500 years serve to eliminate f on both sides of the
(T

North
Mission Girls High dro, Vembadi Girls it. Patrick's College lege, Jaffna secured d, fourth, fifth and rder of merit. In all best performance was ubjects.
gJaffna schools over ied for admission to Le percentage of pasce subjects is higher
eaty should present
article XV, which the treaty replacing nged, present any
ch refers to the 20 hich the treaty is les XVII and XVIII dification and ratieement should preither. Cal Will , the two sides are and that the differd if the political will a seeks to establish ciprocity, peaceful terference in the respect for its uality (particularly infamous air-drop) e of force in the es between our two inciples would prok for the developa mutually acceptDur two countries.
to state that any have the widest across the political Intry before it is e Sri Lankan Presof wanting debate 2fore it is signed. oposed a treaty in e was no response tan side. In March government was a fresh draft was "esponse came 10 with the establishnment in Delhi. In then and now, s of the two counindently seem to lying transparent
ndicap which this political will is ossible for the two into a mutually which could not elationship which ld, but could also ars and suspicions Palk Strait.
e Sunday Times)
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Page 22
22 TAMIL TIMES
CLASSIFIED ADS
First 20 Words 10 Each additional word 60p. Charge for Box No. 3 (Wat 15% extra)
Prepayment essentia The Advertisement Manager Tamil Times Ltd, PO Box 121,
Sutton, Surrey SM 3TD 3
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MATRIMONIAL
Jaffna Hindu mother seeks partner for daughter, 29 years, slim, innocent divorcee without encumbrances, partly qualified accountancy, working in civil service. M 384 C/o Tamil Times.
Senior government official in retirement in Australia, seeks Hindu bridegroom for educated homely attractive daughter, 31, Australian citizen in government employment. Enclose horoscope with first letter. M 385 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Tamil parents seek partner for daughter, 28, British citizen, works as typist in London, owns house near London, is practise ng Jehovah's witness. Prospective partner should be or willing to be Jehovah's witness. Race, age no bar. M386 C/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu parents seek good looking girl, U.K. permanent resident, for son, 30, dentist. Reply with horoscope, details. M 387 c/o Tani Tinnes.
: Jaffna Hindu parents seek groom, 33-40, for attractive daughter, in high, permanent emisployment in London, British citizen holding master's degree. Details to M388 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu mother in Australia seeks preferably professional under 39 for daughter, 31, graduate, divorcee, no children, permanently settled and working in Australia. M 389 c/o Tamil Times.
OBITUARIES
Mrs Nesaratnam Navaratnarajah (73) beloved wife of the late T. Navaratnarajah, B.A. (Hons), London, Lecturer Jaffna Hindu College, sister of the late S. Sittampalam (Sri Lanka); mother of Balendra (U.K.), Sarojini, Lalitha (both of Sri Lanka); mother-in-law of Shanthi (U.K.), Buvanendran, Sothirajah (both of Sri Lanka), grandmother of Chrishanthi, Jasmin (UK), Gobika, Vaseekaran and Gajanthi (Sri Lanka) passed away at 'Nesastan", Konda vil East, Sri Lanka on 21.3.90 - 10 Hill Road, Pinner, Middx., HA5 1JZ. Tel: 01
429 1691. A poojah in her memory was held at the Highgate Murugan Temple, London N6 on 224.90.
j. Dr. Parameswaran Kandiah (51) of General Hospital, Hartlepool, U.K., formerly of Karavanella & Castle Street Hospitals, Sri Lanka, beloved husband of Pathmasani, father of Thayalan and Pathanjali; son-in-law of Mr. C. Subramaniam (Orator), Retired Principal, Skanda Varodaya College, Sri Lanka and Mrs. A. Subramaniam; brother of Col. Kan-: diah (U.S.A.), late Nirmalan, Sarawanan, Kuruparan, Mrs Yogam Nagendra (all of U.K.) passed away on 12.5.90 at Hartlepool. For funeral arrangements Tel: 0429 231201 — 29 Mounston Close, Hartside Grange, Hartlepool, TS26 OLR, U.K. .ー
次*
IN MEMOR
Maheswari Sabaratnam ies of a dearest num, in mother and great grand away on 21.5.89. All ou are with you always. Sad remembered with love sons-in-law, grand childr Children - 29 Fairlawn CC Estate, London SE7. Tel
i - June 17.30 p.m. Geetha of Bharatnatyam by Pr Kumari Nina & Students Lewisham, London SE13 Tel 081-6504796& 081,
- June 3 Novena at the A Gt. Peter Street, London 2895.
June6 7.00 p.m. League University ofJaffna Prese, by Valli Subbiah with mu, Claremont High School, Kenton, Harrow, Middx. F 225850.
June 96.15 p.m. Jaffna Boys' Association (U.K. Celebrations of Veena r ann, Drama & Dinner a Greaves Place, off Gat SMV17. For tickets Tel: 0 0427/478 ft 11.
A Delightfu
Snt PATHMINI GU Smit KALAIVANl ll
it is a rare sight to see a Tamil variety show in Lo still packed after the in occurrence. This was w Bharata Natyam and
show, presented by Nal Natha Vidyalaya at Cat WC1 on Saturday, 28
 
 
 

15 MAY 1990
Treasured memorother-in-law, grand nother who passed love and thoughts r missed and fondly y your daughters, 'n and great grand urt, Cherry Orchard O81-3192913.
ln everloving memory of Mr. S. R. Kanaganayagam on the first anniversary of his passing away on 15.5.89. Fondly remembered and sadly missed by his wife Sakthiammal (Sri Lanka), daughter Savitri Devi Balasubramaniam (Australia), sons KanagIsvaran (President's Counsel, Sri Lanka), Maheswaran (Australia) and all members of the family — 12 Fitzwilliam Road, Vaucluse, NSW2030, Australia.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
Layam - A concert akash Yadagudde, at Riverdale Hall, . Tickets & Details 291 2679.
sian Chaplaincy, 48 SMV1 Tel 07-222
of the Friends of the nts Bharatanatyam Sicians from India at Claremont Avenue, OrticketS Tel 0923
Hindu College Old Branch) Centenary ?cital, BharatanatyLola Jones Hall, ratt Lane, London 81-291 2679 / 843
| Evening
saw DRAKUMAR
acked audience at a idon. To see the hall rval is a very rare at happened at the instrumental Music nama Kalalaya and den Centre, London April 1990. It is
June 9 12 noon to 5 p.m. Sri Lankan Christian Association presents "A Summer Fair' at Art Gallery, Commonwealth Institute, Kensington High Street, London W8.
At Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 4A Castletown Road, London W14 9HQ Tel: 071-381 3036/ 4608. r May 26 6.30 p.m. London Kuzhu presents Tamil Play 'Under Secretary'. May 27 7.00 p.m. Classical Carnatic Vocal Recital by Isaiwani Smt Saraswathy Packiarajah. June 2 7 p.m. Sarangi by Pandit Ramnarayan. June 9 Bharatanatyam by Valli Subbiah with musicians from Kalakshetra, India. June 16 7 p.m. Katak by Nahid Siddiqui.
June 23 7 p.m. Sitar by Budhaditya Mukherjee.
commendable that the programmed commenced at the advertised time of 6.30 p.m.
Smt. Pathmini Gunaseelan and Smt.
Kalaivani Indrakumar, both being outstanding musicians had produced a memorable evening. Their combined effort was evident in all their productions. Pathmini's Dance Drama The Abduction of Sita' was very well conducted and the performing artistes were enchanting. Smt. Kalaivani's orchestra in which she was the main violinist, was lively and was well received by the audience including the main guests of the evening, who in their speeches paid high tribute to the high Standard of the items. All the artistes in the orchestra were young musicians and their dedication to the Divine Carnatic Music System gave the audience a good opportunity to enjoy the excellent, sacred and secular pieces rendered.
Smit Kalaivani lindrakumar also released a book, lsai Wazhi Murai, a Practical anc Theory book in English, much needed in the rapidly progressing eastern music environ. ment in the west.
The success of the evening was not only due to the untiring efforts of dance and music teachers who organised the show but also the unstinted cooperation of the parents, pupils and well wishers.
Mrs Saraswathy Packiarajah,

Page 23
15 MAY 1990
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taste of para dise
DENHAM RD SE26 blosed Mondays
(ᎧTᏱ స్త22 F్క s ཚུ་ う。 r s ^ * ނޯޙ/
نظام
爵
طب