கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Tamil Times 1990.11

Page 1
Vol IX No. 12 ISSN 0266-4488 15 NOVEME
ROOI O SE IT le E{C (BOG
". So Every Tami
is a Tiger
Making a Virtue of Brutality.
People and Politics
 

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EIO DOIS With a Warning
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2 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 3
15 NOVEMBER 1990
CONTENTS
Over 1000 houses destroyed. . . . . . . . . . 4
A billion dollars with a warning. . . . . . . . . 5
ANNUAL
Thousands seek asylum abroad. . . . . . . 6 UK/india/Sri
All other col
People and Politics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Pub The Muslim exodus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A.
P.O.
· · · · SUTTON, S So every Tamil is a Tiger. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 UNIT Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily Phone:
those of the editor or the publishers
THE ENFORCED
The conflict in Sri Lanka, particularly in the North-East assumed a new level of brutality when tens of thousands of Muslim people were compelled to evacuate from thei homes in the Jaffna, Mannar and Mullaitivu areas of the North and made to flee towards the south where they hac to be accommodated in hastily arranged "refugee Cen. tres. Whole families, including women and children, were
forced to abandon their homes. A letter dated 8 Novembey received from a catholic priest who was returning from Colombo to Jaffna stated, "On my journey to the north, witnessed thousands of innocent Muslins in lorries, tractors and carts wading their way through mud and rain to beat the . . . . deadline. I was reminded of the exodus and violence that preceded the partition of India into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. (The author of the letter himself has left the blank in this quotation). The fleeing Muslims were not permitted to take even their personal belongings, and following their enforced departure their homes were reportedly ransacked and looted.
Who was responsible for this Muslim exodus? Who were the armed persons who went about in pick-up trucks with loud-hailers calling upon the Muslims to evacuate? Who was responsible for setting the deadline for their departure? Who or which group could have had the required power in the areas concerned to cause such an enforced departure of so many thousands of people?
The reason for this enforced Muslim exodus is sought to be attributed to two factors, namely that the Muslim parties are demanding a separate Muslim Provincial Council, and that Muslim home guards are collaborating with government forces in a campaign of terror and murder against Tamils especially in the east of the island. No doubt these assertions are true. But the fact that these are true does not in any way justify the forcible uprooting of the general mass of Muslim population from areas in which they have lived for centuries and turn them into landless and homeless refugees.
What is worse is that this outrage has been committed purportedly in the name and interest of the Tamil community by those who claim to represent it. The Tamil community has itself gone through the agonising experience of producing over three hundred thousand refugees seeking shelter and security in foreign lands during recent years due to the violence unleashed against it merely because its political leaderships had raised on their behalf the right to self determination. Every member of the Tamil community must have by now known and experienced what it is to be an ethnic minority in a country where those in power fortified with the support of a numerical majority
 

TAMIL TIMES 3.
O266-4488
SUBSCRIPTION
anka. . . E10/USS20 tries. . . E15/USS30
shed by
TES LTD
BOX 121 JIRREY SM1 3 TD D KINGOOM
O81-644 0972
CONTENTS
Making a Virtue of Brutality. . . . . . . . . . . 11
Role of the State in the Ethnic Conflict. 13
Human Rights record under fire. . . . . . . 19
NewS Round Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Readers' Forum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Classified Advertisements. . . . . . . . . . . 24
The publishers assume no responsibility for return of unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and artwork.
MUSLIMEXODUS
decide to deal with demands raised by the minority not by political means but by force and military means.
The inhuman treatment meted out to the Muslim minority in compelling its members to evacuate from their homes in northern areas, merely because some Muslim organisations have raised the question of a separate Muslim Provincial Council, is not only a cowardly and shameless exercise of brute force, but also deserves the severest condemnation and unequivocal repudiation by all members of the Tamil community in whose name it was purportedly done. Just as Tamil political or militant groups had the right to raise the demand for autonomy, federalism or even a separate state, the Muslim political parties too have the same democratic right to raise their own demands. Whether these demands are justifiable or not, right or wrong, is not the question.
Besides the democratic, humanitarian, moral and ethicall aspects involved, it is politically a suicidal adventure which is bound to have long term adverse consequences for Tamil-Muslim relations. For some time now, forces in south Sri Lanka including those within the government have been trying to drive a wedge between the Tamils and Muslims so that the merged North-East province achieved through the much maligned Indo-Sri Lanka agreement could be bifurcated again. To this end, efforts have been made in the recent past to incite Muslim-Tamil clashes in the east. Some of the clashes, resulting in large scale loss of property and life among both communities, have been orchestrated with agent provocateurs being planted to ignite the flame. The feeling of resentment and insecurity among the Muslims of the east following the recent massacres in the two mosques at Katankudy constituted an opportunity gratuitously offered to the government to create and arm Muslim home guards tutored and directed to carry out the diabolical task of creating a permanent divide between the Tamil and Muslin Communities.
The case for a merged North-East provincial unit has been supported on the basis that the vast majority of the people - Tamils and Muslims - inhabiting the province are Tamil-speaking. While recognising and ensuring the protection of their separate cultural identities, a continuing alliance of both these communities is an absolutely essential prerequisite to make a successful endeavour to have the merged North-East intact and resist the efforts of those forces which want then delinked at any cost. The tragedy is that those responsible for the enforced evacuation of the Muslim population from northern areas have seriously undermined the prospect for amicable relations between the two communities thereby objectively and concretely helping those who want the North-East redivided again into two provinces.

Page 4
4 TAMIL TIMES
over 1000 Houses Dest in “Operation Jaya Sha
The military offensive code-named “Operation Jaya Shakthi” launched by the government during the third week of Oct o b er in the Pala i - Kankesanthurai sector in the Jaffna peninsula resulted in the destruction of over one thousand homes, the northern Army Commander, Major General Denzil Kobbekaduwa told a team of journalists who had flown to the area on 23 October.
The destruction of these houses had become necessary, according to him, in securing about forty kilometres of territory around the Sri Lanka Air Force base at Palali and the Naval Base at Kankesanthurai. In this operation the KKS cement factory which had previously been taken over by the Tigers was also recaptured by the forces after heavy fighting.
The visiting journalists reportedly
LTTE Spurns
LONDON - The chief of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), Velupillai Prabhakaran, has turned down offers of mediation of the civil war in Sri Lanka from more than 100 organizations, according to the internationall office of the LTTE here.
The former commander of LTTE forces in the Jaffna peninsula, Maj. S. Kittu, told India Abroad this week that about 120 groups had made negotiation offers to Prabhakaran through the London office of the LTTE.
"The offers have been turned down, Kittu said. Prabhakaran's view is that in view of the offensive by the Sri Lankan forces, there is nothing to talk about, and our resistance cannot stop'.
He said that Prabhakaran had told the organizations that the situation must first reach a point where there was reason to talk. Prabhakaran thanked the groups for the offer but told them the situation was not yet ripe', Kittu said.
He reported that the Australian and Norwegian governments had also offered to mediate, adding, "we understand that in any international mediation effort, India will be left out.
Kittu warned against efforts by the Sri Lankan government to involve Islamic nations against the LTTE. He added that Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi of Libya "Fortunately turned down a demand by a group of nine Muslim delegates from Sri Lanka for aid to the Sri Lankan forces”.
Muslim Role
A key member of the delegation, Kittu said, was Ashraf of the Sri
saw the KKS harbour navy gunboats in ancil nessed a navy gunboa airforce helicopter gu and bombarding alleg tions on land.
The Major had claim in large stretches of bu been fortified by the LT sive networks of concre bunkers and tunnels. T such fortifications had Palali, Vasavilan, Kat bachitti, Kankesanthu palai.
When the journalis area where the houses troyed, they did not se lian as that had been the offensive began. Tamil school recapture gers had a massive cc
Mediation of
Lankan Muslim Congr ber of Muslim Tamils - one million, and there to turn them against said.
In Amparai district, Home Guards trained the Sri Lankan forces than 2,000 Tamils.
“The Sri Lankan gove ing Tamil against Tar this into a Hindu-Mus said.
This could potential the Sri Lankan gover cated, adding. "Ashra called for a separate within Sri Lanka. But sion between Musli Tamils in the east is s north, he said.
He reiterated his del help the LTTE in t reported arming of Sr by the Pakistani and ments, and the possibl other countries.
According to Kittu office here is in cons Prabhakaran, the LT confident of countering offensive. He said Colo acquired T-85 tanks and Y-16 bombers fro
"Our military resea veloping Weaponsto c said. The developmer tion of weapons is directly by Prabhaka
– Sanjay Suri, India A

oyed kthi”
ully secure and orage and wit
backed by an ship pounding ed LTTE posi
ed that houses lt-up areas had TE with extene underground he houses with been located in uwan, Kurumrai and Telli
as visited the had been dese a single civivacated before The Vasavilan d from the Tincrete bunker
ers
ess. “The numnumbers about is a clear move
the LTTE', he
he said, Muslim and armed by
had killed more
rnment is turnnil and turning im fight, Kittu
ly turn against inment, he indiff has already
Muslim state meanwhile tenms and other preading to the
mand that India he face of the Lankan forces hinese governintervention of
who says his ant touch with TE supremo is the Sri Lankan mbo's forces had and Y-12, Y-13 In China. ch group is deunter these, he t and modificabeing overseen an, he added.
broad, 16.11.90.
15 NðVEsseR 1990
built in a class room. Tigers had also built a huge concrete trench six feet deep to a distance of over two kilometres in close proximity to the Palali airforce base to enable a full scale assault on the base. This trench had been built making use of the front compounds of houses.
Army Commander Lt. General Hamilton Wanasinghe said in another interview that 24 soldiers were killed and 228 injured in this offensive.
Headless Bodies Washed Ashore
A number of headless bodies of adult males have been washed ashore in Akkaraipattu and Tirukovil recently.
It appears that the necks have been cut with some guillotine type machine, as the cut appears very fine and smooth which is not possible with any sword.
Fifty-year-old Mrs. Periyathamby Marimuthu of Vinayagapuram identified one of the bodies washed ashore as one resembling that of her son called Rajendiran alias Raju aged 19. Accord
ing to eye-witnesses about 32 such
bodies had been washed ashore. Inquests were not held into these killings.
Whenever a body is washed ashore, the people living in the locality bury it on the beach itself. They explained that the law is dead in this area, and there is no person in authority to entertain such complaints.
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Page 5
15 NOVEMBER 1990
A BILLION DOLLAF
Donor countries pledged Sri Lanka $1 billion in aid for 1991 at their annual meeting at the World Bank offices in Paris on 25 October, but warned that future assistance could depend on Sri Lanka's human rights record.
The meeting commended Sri Lanka's careful adherence to the IMF-World Bank stabilisation programme for its economy, achieving 2.3% growth last year, the decline of fiscal deficits and an increase in foreign exchange reserves. There was concern, however, over the continuing climb in domestic inflation - officially 20%, unofficially 30% - and fears that the cost of the new war in the North and the Gulf crisis would leave Sri Lanka's economy in ruins.
Analysts say the war with the Tigers will have cost $250 million by the end of the year. The loss of remittances from 100,000 Sri Lankan workers in the Gulf, higher oil prices and lost tea exports will cost $100 million this year and a projected $400 million in 1991 - 25% of Sri Lanka's export income.
Emergency surgery in the public sector coupled with a tight rein on imports is the country's only hope. The Ceylon Petroleum Corporation currently loses $365,000 a day and there is a projected budget deficit this year of $1.5 billion.
Concern was governments ( effects of the W structural adju Sri Lanka's po study on povel ducted by the concluded that poor are unemp is disproporti among families
How many is average is four. Lanka's costl Pbverty Allev Janasaviya wh and small bus replaced by a na programme to t able.
The removal sidies on rice, fl earlier this yea) able hardship to spiralled.
Two days bef the 12 countries nomic Commur statement in E Lanka's human attention to th Richard de Zoys seizure of docur MP, Mahinda R
Canada Deplores Human Abuses in Sri Lank
Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs, Joe Clark, expressed his concern over continuing instances of human rights abuses in Sri Lanka and the attendant erosion of the rule of law. Mr. Clark also pointed to growing shortages of food and medicine in northern Sri Lanka as causing severe hardship to the civilian population, a
news release of the Canadian Secret
ary of State for External Affairs said.
The release added: "While there has been some improvement in the general human rights situation in recent months, it is evident that a greater commitment will be required to ensure respect for the law and to bring the perpetrators of human rights to justice. It remains the ultimate responsibility of the Government of Sri Lanka, as the duly constituted authority, to ensure that rights are respected and to set the patterns of conduct for others to follow', Mr. Clark said.
With the current intense fighting between the Sri Lankan army and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) there have been a significant number of civilian casualties resulting in a major exodus from much of the northern region. The distribution of
food and medi creasingly dif population is su and starvation
absence of medi
Mr. Clark urg Sri Lanka to e medicine are del distribution by t mittee of the F called on the LT humanitarian ei welfare of civilia
'We are witn situation in hu northern Sri Lal be made to ens lians in the nor tims of the curr
Mr. Clark call conflict to return most appropriat dispute and to civilians in the da, along with th ity and Nordic c ited States and marche" to the at the Consultat Development A the World Bank

... . . . TAMIL TIMES 5
RS WITH A WARNING
lso expressed by donor ver possible adverse Orld Bank's three-year tment programme om r and unemployed. A ty in Sri Lanka conBank earlier this year only 6% of Sri Lanka's loyed and that poverty nately concentrated with many children.
not clear - the national - but observers say Sri 7 and controversial "iation Programme, ich promotes saving tness is likely to be tional infant nutrition arget the most vulner
of Government subour, fuel and fertilizer has caused considermany people as prices
ore the Paris meeting, ; of the European Ecoity (EEC) released a Brussels deploring Sri rights record drawing e killing of journalist a in February and the ments from Opposition ajapakse on his way to
Rights
zine has become inficult. The civilian uffering from hunger and from a virtual cal services.
ed the Government of insure that food and ivered to the north for he International Comed Cross (ICRC). He TE not to hinder these forts to safeguard the
S. essing a very serious manitarian terms in nka. Every effort must ure that innocent civith do not become vicent conflict’. ed on both sides in the to negotiations as the means to resolve the ensure the safety of north and east. Canae European Communountries, and the UnAustralia made a 'deSri Lankan delegation ive Group meeting on ssistance chaired by in Paris on October 25.
Geneva to testify to the UN Commission on Human Rights.
Future aid to Sri Lanka could be conditional upon improvements in human rights the statement said, a view reiterated by European countries in the meeting. Sources in Brussels said European governments had decided that a series of private representations to the Sri Lankan Government had produced little effect and that it was time to go public.
At a news conference in Paris, lobbied by Tamil activists protesting genocide, Sri Lanka's Prime Minister D.B. Wijetunga said his Government had introduced constitutional reforms protecting fundamental rights and that foreign reports of atrocities in Sri Lanka were “grossly exaggerated”. Diplomatic sources estimate 30,000 people were killed in Sri Lanka last year by security forces and insurgents.
- Sri Lanka Monitor.
ABDUCTION OF KUGAMOORTHY
MIRJE expresses its deep concern regarding the abduction of Mr. K. Kugamoorthy, a programme producer of the Tamil service of the Sri Lankan Broadcasting Corporation and a member of the National Committee of the Movement for Inter Racial Justice and Equality.
Mr. Kugamoorthy was returning from work and was travelling on his motor bicycle down Jawatte Road on Thursday, 6th September at about 5.30pm when unidentified persons in a Mitsubishi jeep, bearing number 9 - 9164, including one person in khaki uniform, dragged him into the jeep and sped away.
The whereabouts of Mr. Kugamoorthy, are still unknown. MIRJE and other human rights activists have been attempting to locate him and have failed. A few days after his abduction his landlord is reported to have said that the Cinnamon Gardens Police informed him that Mr. Kugamoorthy's motor bicycle was at the Police Station and could be retrieved. The International Committee of the Red Cross has also recorded his case and is attempting to trace him.
Mr. Kugamoorthy was detained by the Mt. Lavinia Police for 24 hours in late July and released with no charges brought against him. Mr. Kugamoorthy himself was mystified by this incident and decided to disregard it. It is of all the more concern therefore why he had to be released from official custody only to be picked up in this underhand manner.
The MIRJE has written a letter to
Continued On Page 6

Page 6
6 TAM TIMES
Continued from Page 5
President Premadasa about his disappearance and released a press statement and urged all human rights activists to write to President Premadasa, The State Minister for Defence and The Inspector General of Police calling for an investigation into the disappearance of Mr. Kugamoorthy and ensure his safety and security.
Sri Lanka’s Unnoticed War
While the world watches the Persian Gulf for premonitions of a war to be waged with ballistic missiles and chemical Weapons, a vicious cycle of violence has recurred on the island paradise of Sri Lanka, where government troops use Iraqi helicopters and howitzers and Israeli speedboats to attack the guerrillas of a secessionist movement called the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
For civilian suffering, intercommunal hatreds and sheer savagery, the conflict in Sri Lanka matches those in Lebanon, Azerbaijan or Northern Ireland. At present, the government of President Ranasinghe Premadasa seeks to extirpate the separatist Tigers by an aerial bombardment and strafing of civilian areas in Sri Lanka's northeastern province.
The toll on the civilians has been heart-rending. Thousands have been killed or injured. Nearly a million Tamils of the north have been driven from their homes, and the state minister of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu says that 90,000 Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka have fled to India. Since Premadasa cannot realistically hope to liquidate the fanatical Tigers by military means, his campaign of state terror against the Tamil population of the northeastern province amounts to little more than gratuitous cruelty.
The Tigers themselves are masters of such cruelty. They have massacred not only government forces but also innocent civilians - Sinhalese Buddhists, Tamil Moslems and Tamil Hindus who do not accept their terrorist tactics.
The solution to Sri Lanka's ethnic vendetta/civil war must be political. The central government should offer a true devolution of power in a new federal constitution that would maintain the unity of Sri Lanka while permitting the persecuted Tamils a large measure of autonomy.
Only then can Tamil moderates offer their people an alternative to terrorism. As a first step, Premadasa must cease the bombing of civilians. This is the message he should hear from Washington.
- Editorial, The Boston Globe, 23.10.90
meg
Thousanc
Almost 10,000 Tamia this year. That was refugees in north-east where 120,000 Sri Lan staging post for a new
Reports submitted to sion of the European ( Refugees and Exiles (E in late September say 1 an Tamils claimed poli Europe between Janu this year.
The major receiving tinue to be Germany plications and Switzerl The Swiss have a tou towards Tamils and h, turned 30 asylum-seek this year for abuse of dures and criminal offe In France, where th applications, the recog Tamils has fallen from year reflecting a har tudes as refugee figu) climb. Britain receive applications - close annual figure - and was another significant There are now 130,0 asylum-seekers in E France, less than 5% h status, but many other them, the ECRE meet the war in northern tinues. is .
Increased surveillan Sri Lankan naval pat) Strait cut the refuge India this month to refugees drowned in tw dents off the Tamil N October, when overcro sized after being cha Indian navy.
Sri Lankan naval an Indian trawler carr
Long Qu
by Thomas A
The queue starts to fo morning, and by 9am t line of several hundr and children standing side the Indian High C waiting for that magic passports that will a India.
A large number oft the visa queue are their way to India to e the north and east, an will get their visas. Bl bers of people do not, been loud grumbles a Commission by Tamil rejected for a visa.
"It is easier to cross

15 NOVEMBER 1990
s Seek Asylum Abroad
ylum-seekers arrived in Europe in the first six months of efore the June war and a million people were made Sri Lanka. If the Tigers mean to fight on, will south India, ans have fled the war in the last four months, become a flood of Tamil refugees to the West?
his year's sesonsultation on :RE) in Geneva ),000 Sri Lankical asylum in ary and June
countries con
with 2,503 ap
und with 2,400. gh new policy
ve forcibly re
ers to Colombo
asylum proce1C6S, ere were 1,304 nition rate for 37% to 41% this dening of atti'es continue to d 1,321 Tamil to last year's Holland's 1,404 , increase. )00 Sri Lankan urope. Outside ave full refugee s may try to join ing was told, if Sri Lanka con
:e by Indian and rols in the Palk flow to south 5,000. Over 70 To separate inciadu coast on 6 wded boats caplenged by the
atrols detained ying 3,000 litres
of diesel destined for the LTTE off Talaimannar two days later, and observers say the escape route across the Palk Strait is increasingly hazardous.
Over 120,000 Sri Lankan Tamils have arrived in south India since 11 June and there are another 100,000 who fled between 1985 and 1987. Tamil Nadu now has a policy of distributing Lankan refugees to a network of camps throughout the rural areas to diffuse the growing political and economic pressures in areas where arrivals are concentrated.
Mandapam camp near Rameswaram is a pressure point. After police arrested several refugees on 28 October, two refugees were wounded when police fired on a crowd gathered outside Mandapam police station. A number of policemen were also injured.
Middle class refugees avoid the camps, many of which are said to be under militant control, and after registration slip away to Madras or to family or friends. Many of those with assets or relatives in the West will inevitably seek sanctuary for their children away from the vortex of militant politics which has decimated a generation. They will not be put off, refugee workers say, by "Country of First Asylum' regulations in Western countries where their transit through India will invalidate refugee claims.
Hundreds now queue daily outside the Indian High Commission in Colombo for a visa. For some it will only be the first leg of a longer journey.
- Sri Lanka Monitor.”
eues for Visas to India
Draham rm early in the nere is a patient d men, women in the sun outommission here, stamp on their llow them into
ose standing in Tamils making cape the war in several of them t growing numand there have gainst the High who have been
jver illegally by
boat than toget a visa legally”, said one ; elderly Tamil from Jaffna who is now settled in Colombo. 'Why is India doing this to us?”
"They give visas to Muslims and Sinhalese without any problem, but it is impossible for a Jaffna Tamil to get a visa, complained another Tamil.
A former Tamil civil servant was moved to write to Mr. V.P. Singh complaining that 'our applications are totally rejected' by the Indian High Commission.
Deluge of applications: Harassed High Commission officials deluged by as many as 400 visa applications a day however, strongly reject any charges of bias, and point out they are only Continued On Page 21

Page 7
15 NOVEMEBER 1990
DIPLOMMATIC
EMBARRASSMENT -
At a time when the Sri Lankan government is making rather futile attempts to conceal its human rights record, it faces severe embarrassment in many western capitals as several Sinhala and Muslim officers attached to Sri Lanka embassies abroad have sought political asylum. Some officers posted to diplomatic missions in the United States, Canada and Australia have refused to return after completing their assignments and sought political asylum in these countries.
According to an official of the Foreign Ministry in Colombo, some of the officers had sought political asylum after sending in their resignations and others had gone on unauthorised or no-pay leave.
To add to the embarrassment of the Colombo government, the Canadian government has already refused to grant visas to two newly appointed officers of the Sri Lanka High Commission in Ottawa as the previous officers had not returned to Sri Lanka and still remain in Canada having sought political asylum.
y THE MOSSAD AFFAIR
Is President Premadasa engaged in an attempt to identify, expose and denigrate close associates of former President J.R. Jayawardene? It seems so from the wide publicity given in the state-owned newspapers to a recent detection of a smuggling attempt by a highly placed woman and the quick response on the part of Premadasa in appointing a Commission to probe the revelations about the Mossad role in Sri Lanka and leaks regarding possible links in this affair even before the investigations have officially commenced.
Mrs. Mahadevi Prasanga Menidivela, the daughter of Mr. W.M.P.B. Menidiwela who functioned as Secretary to former President Jayawardene, missed her flight to Singapore recently when she was caught by Customs Officers attempting to smuggle foreign currency amounting to 10,000 US dollars and 2000 Singapore dollars. The undeclared currency was forfeited and a fine of Rs.1,336,080 was imposed which has since been paid.
What is significant is not the attempt at smuggling by a person of such elevated connections - this is not something unusual or unexpected in Sri Lanka — but the wide and continuing publicity given to the incident and the subsequent investigations in the media. The media in Sri Lanka is usually coy about such normal journalistic practice.
The Commi tions contain Victor Ostrov Deception, wou its work in e. that the form Mahaveli Dev Dissanayake, Mahaveli Mini General of Pol Lankan arn Jayawardene, former Preside be interviewe connection wit Israeli Secret the Mahaveli to dishonestly World Bank fo for Israeli arm
The Israeli ombo was foi when the pre: tion, Mr. Lali doubling up a Security and fence. Followi secret visit by the Ministry ol las Liyanage, Whether thes figure in the p the President being speculat
Meanwhile, parliamentar Swamy, has cla first introduc Israelis which provided to LT an interview w "India Abroad LTTE represe States had m help through provide them
"I immediat Kimche, whom had met with contacts, and the director-ge ign Office, told touch with Da' political office Swamy said ac fact that Man LTTE repres strength of assured the L. help them in t Acknowledgi sympathiser 0 fallen out with attacked by L. Balasingham w a CIA agent', ham had made Swamy had pi he had put tog Indian Genera
 

ision to probe the allegad in ex-Mossad agent sky's book By Way of ld appear to have begun irnest. Reports indicate ær Cabinet Minister for elopment, Mr. Gamini former Secretary of the stry, a Deputy Inspector ce, a Brigadier in the Sri ly and Mrs. Penny the daughter-in-law of nt Jayawardene, are to d and investigated in h the revelation that the Service, Mossad caused Development Authority obtain funds from the r the purpose of paying S. Interest Section in Colmally opened in 1984 sent Minister of Educath Athulathmudali was is Minister of National Deputy Minister for Deng the revelation of a the former Secretary to f Information, Mr. Doughe resigned his position. e gentlemen will also resent investigations by ial Commission is also ed.
the maverick Indian ian, Dr. Subramania aimed that it was he who ed the LTTE to the later led to the training TE cadres by Mossad. In 'ith the correspondent of , Dr. Swamy said that ntatives in the United et him and sought his his Israeli contacts to with military training. ely telephoned David I knew very well, and
through my Harvard Kimche, who was then neral of the Israeli Foreme to put these guys in id Mantai vhovas the r in Washington', Dr. ding that he knew for a tai then met with the ntatives and on the Kimche's backing had TE that Mossad would heir training. ng that he had been a f the LTTE, but had the group after he was TTE spokesman Anton ho'accused me of being he said that Balasingthese charges when Dr. blicly announced that 2ther a team of retired s who had promised to
TAMIL TIMES 7
train Tamil militants. He claimed that LTTE leader V. Prabhakaran had subsequently sent several messages to him apologising for Balasingham's statement and imploring him to continue to help them in their efforts. “But I have absolutely no sympathy for them now and I believe that the LTTE has been responsible for all the misery of the Tamils in Sri Lanka'.
Dr. Swamy further claiming that h was 'still in touch with my friends in
Israel' said that the LTTE as recently
'as five months ago had asked the Israelis to help them once again, but the Israelis turned them down'.
Ar WHITHER TAMIL MILITANTS
There was a time all Tamil militant groups were fighting the Sri Lankan government and its forces. At that time, all of them received official and unofficial Indian backing and support. Subsequent to the commencement of its honeymoon with President Premadasa and his government, the LTTE spokesman Mr. Anton Balasingham even went to the extent of alleging that the Indian government was once using the LTTE as a "mercenary force' to destabilise Sri Lanka. At this time, the other militant groups, PLOTE, EPRLF, ENDLF and TELO were characterised as "traitors' and “Indian Quislings” by the LTTE. With the help and support from the Sri Lankan forces, the LTTE progressively smashed most of the bases and camps of its rival groups. At this time as the LTTE was acclaimed by the Colombo media as a "patriotic force' taking the "foreign Indian occupation force' on the battlefield, the other Tamil militant groups accused the LTTE of being “Quislings’ of Premadasa.
With the departure of the IPKF i March this year and the virtual takeover of the North-East by the LTTE with the consent of the government, there appeared to be some clarity in the coalition of forces on either side. The traditional enemies, the government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE, had come together on an anti-Indian platform to settle all outstanding issues by friendly negotiations. The other Tamil militant groups, weakened and beaten badly by the combined government and LTTE alliance and struggling for mere survival, were united, if not organisationally, on an anti-LTTEPremadasa platform, but could do very little.
Since the outbreak of the Government-LTTE war on June 11 this year, the situation has been completely reversed. The 'war to the finish' between the government and the LTTE is continuing. The LTTE has been repeatedly calling for Indian support to resist
Continued On Page 21

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Page 9
15 NOVEMBER 1990
THE MUSLIMExor
Rita Sebastian Fron Colombo
Deteriorating Tamil-Muslim relations was further aggravated when, in the last week of October, the Tigers ordered over 50,000 Muslims out of the northern districts. The People's Front of The Liberation Tigers (PFLT), the LTTE's political wing, denied the ultimatum given to the Muslims to move out of the north, or face the consequences. The threat was implicit. Deputy leader of the PFLT, Karikalan said in Batticaloa that it was the Tamils in the Eastern Province, angered over Muslims ravaging their villages, specially in the Eastern Batticaloa District, and Muslim homeguards massacring hundreds of innocent Tamil civilians, who had moved to the north and ordered the Muslims out.
Thousands of Muslims who arrived in the south however had a different story to relate. While some charged groups of armed LTTE cadres going around Muslim villages with hailers, and ordering them to hand over the valuables at the village mosque and leave within a given date, others spoke of being ordered to lock their valuables inside their homes, hand over the keys, and leave. They presented a most distressing sight, arriving in boats and in tightly packed lorries, most of them clutching plastic bags with a change of clothes. Some with only the clothes on their backs.
The Tigers as well as a large segment of the Muslims lay the present Tamil-Muslim conflict at the door of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress. SLMC President, A.M. Ashraff is looked on as the villain of the piece who, by demanding a separate Muslim Council in a merged North-East Province is accused of playing divisive politics, driving a wedge between the two communities, who until now have been accommodated within the broad definition of a Tamil speaking people.
Ashraff refuted the allegation making it known that SLMC went to the parliamentary polls in February 1989 asking for a mandate for the creation of a separate Muslim Council in the North-East Region. And what was more, he said, Mannar District had voted in an SLMC member to parliament.
Ashraff counter charged the government of not providing protection to the people and attributed the plight of the Muslims in the north to the absence of the government writ in the north. The Tiger leadership in the Eastern Province seems to be taking a different line to the northern leadership if one is to go by what they have been saying in the east.
"There are more innocent Muslims than guilty ones' says Batticaloa Tiger
Muslims arriving
When the Tigers
leaving the pen. early October, 15 Vavuniya, many 1 ing at the Gove before proceedin of refugees has Capital with 200 by police on 10 terrorist links.
A greater exot October, when 7 areas in pickaffOurCed Jaffn Muslims Should October and 35, District by 1 Nove were that all gold left at the neares
By late Octobe town and its refu 602 inhabitants overflowing. Man igolewa, a Musli niya or for Kal Puttalam peninsu lins have left observers say. F len with 10,000 A the east after LT 7 udy and Eravur i
Muslims seek vathurai, Said t then because tinued to ask for á East and a cont dominated areas The Tigers' motiv Muslims are tra and their assets ferS.
On 1 Novemb and sea forces aSSault On Man allow the Muslin the District. Incre Palk Strait has refugees escap. South India this r
 

TAMIL TIMES 9
)US
from Mannar
lifted a ban on people insula for three days in 5,000 people flooded into held for two days' screenrnment refugee complex g to Colombo. The influx increased tension in the Tamil youths rounded up October for suspected
dus was to follow On 23 iger youths touring rural ps with loudspeakers a and Mullaitivu's 25,000 leave the North by 28 OOO who live in Mannar 2mber. LT TE instructionS and valuables should be it mosque.
Pr, Vavuniya was a boom gee camps with a modest on 6 October, filled to y others headed for Ikkirm village south of Vavupitiya at the tip of the illa. At least 30,000 MusLTTE-controlled areas, Puttalam is already swolMuslim refugees who fled E massacres at Kattankn August.
(ing sanctuary at Silahe Tigers had expelled Muslim politicians cona separate province in the olling interest in Muslimof Mannar and Puttalan. /es are unclear but many ders and buSineSSmen will replenish LTTE cof.
er, Sri Lankan air, land is mounted a massive nar island, ostensibly to population to return to ased surveillance in the meant fewer than 5,000 ed through Mannar to nOnth.
- Sri Lanka Monitor.
leader Newton who says the Tamils want to live in peace with the Muslims and are willing to concede a separate unit of administration for the Muslims if they so desire.
But it is peace that has been badly shattered and the two communities view each other with suspicion as well as a growing anger. Friends have turned combatants as thousands of refugees of both communities huddle inside refugee camps, their homes destroyed, their worldly possessions looted. w
Although the government claims to have cleared Mannar Island and invited the Muslims to return to the homes they fled, offering them the protection of homeguards and security forces, the Muslims have refused to return, until the "Tigers are completely wiped out. A tall order considering that the Tigers who claim to have taken on the world's fourth largest army and won, feel they are indestructible. "No power on earth can defeat us says Karikalan. But taking
on the Tigers seem to pose no problems for rival groups as evidenced by TELO and PLOTE cadres, not forgetting the EPDP, the breakaway faction of the EPRLF who seem to have upstaged all the other Tamil groups in Colombo, who have put themselves into the field alongside the Sri Lankan forces, to hunt down the Tigers.
State Minister for Defence, Ranjan Wijeratne, vehemently opposed to arming Tamil youth, even Tamil homeguards, seems to have done a re-think.
The new strategy according to Wijeratne was to prevent innocent Tamils being identified as Tigers, Tiger supporters or sympathisers by the Muslims who have upto now played the role of the dreaded "hooded informers' whose nod either damned you, or let you free. But the Tamil "identifiers are no more welcome than the Muslims.
Civilians totally apolitical have, in almost a decade of unprecedented violence in the North-East got trapped between various forces and often compelled, not so much to take sides, as to fall in line with those who hold the reins of power, however temporary.
A change in the political equation, as it happened when the Indians withdrew and the Tigers took defacto control of the region meant, another set of 'rulers' and a different ball game. Thirteen months later the scene changed again and with fresh hostilities erupting between the government and the Tigers it is the innocent civilians, men and women, young and old, who live in dread of being unfairly identified as sympathisers or supporters of the Tigers and therefore victimised. Pas
sing through security check points under the watchful eye of an unofficial
Continued On Page 10

Page 10
10 TAMIL TIMES
Continued From Page 9
militia in the form of armed Tamil groups has unnerved the civilian population in the North-East Region. People are quick to draw parallels between the Tamil National Army (TNA), trained and armed by India, during the last months of Indian troop occupation of the island's North-East Provinces, and the new militia that
seems to have replac
Complicating the i military Muslim h have according to rep unto themselves. Th ger would be an a: tween the armed Tar Muslim homeguards they say, to protect munities.
A hundred thousand refugees in over 600 camps. A statistic on official records. But neither Arumugam, Ranmenika or Nasirah are just a statistic. They are the unwilling victims of the north-east war, forced into refugee camps, and into the indignities of communal living.
Home, to Arumugam, a 34-year-old railway worker and his family of four, is floor space in an airport hanger in Clapepenberg, Trincomalee. He shares the high-roofed, zinc-sheeted, airless hanger with 167 other families. Each family's privacy coming from sarees that provide temporary walls. And each room doubling up as kitchen and bedroom.
In Ullkulama, 20 miles east of Vavuniya the monsoon rains lash the oneroomed cadjan hut Ranmenika shares with her husband and two young children. The family fled their home when Tigers attacked nearby Arantalawa.
For Nasirah and her four children the corner of a school verandah in Vavuniya is now home.
How long will it be before they can go back to the homes they fled and to livelihoods they abandoned?
According to Brigadier Lucky Wijeratne of the Trincomalee Command it is only a question of time before Arumugam and his family return to their village. A number of families of all three communities have already been resettled in their original areas of habitation, he says.
The ghost town that Trincomalee appeared to be in July, a month after fresh hostilities broke out between the Tigers and the Government, has quietly disappeared, and been replaced by a bustling township, with most of the security barriers removed, and the military having acquired a new image for itself.
Brigadier Wijeratine's claim to have brought large areas of the Trincomalee district within the security perimeter is no idle boast. "There are areas still to be “cleared' but they are low priority areas and we are tackling them', he says.
Arbitrary arrests
But inspite of the Brigadier's efforts of returning the town to normalcy some of the earlier irritants still remain. People still talk in whispers of arbitrary arrests.
“SO EWI
Twentythree-year. month old son has n The man, a laboure custody from a re although his wife wa released he hasn't be
In all 278 persons h missing from Trinco 15, their ages rangi six of them wome documented evidenc citizens committee. S have been taken in forces, others by around the town in u alleged by resident homeguards.
The modalities of also being questione of Trincomalee com being settled in temp earlier identified as allegation Brigadier ses as not being cor
We found Tangav. near the Tamil vil We ask him about h tears stream down his answer.
Sriyawathie outsi tlement of Sirimap the government fo
doling out money
their damaged hous "We are still wait
ance promised', s
clothes at the comm the roadside. “We h since 1987 when t arrived. We are re government that promises'.
The measure of returned to Trinco Batticaloa. “Half th district has been percent of them liv says an official w identified. Whether official or private ci to be identified.
The massacre of tankudy and Eravu people has added a the Tiger-Governm

15 NOVEMBER 990
d it.
sue are the para
meguards who rts become a law
! imminent dan
med conflict beil cadres and the both committed their own com
Finding a durable political solution to the Tamil question has now to contend with the new Muslim demand for equal status with the Tamil minority.
What form it will finally take is still unclear. What is apparent however is that political solutions seem to have receded further and further away into some distant and uncertain future.
ERY TAMIL IS A TIGER”
By Rita Sebastian
old Emilia’s two it seen his father. r was taken into ugee camp and s told that he was en seen since.
ave been listed as malee since June ng from 15 to 65, 'n, according to e by the town's Ome are alleged to
by the security persons moving nmarked vehicles s to be Muslim
resettlement are d. A senior citizen plains of Sinhalese ble lands that were Tamil areas. An Wijeratne dismisrect.
elu, oldand feeble, lage of Uppuvelli. is family, and the his face. That was
de the Sinhala setura lashes out at foot-dragging in for reconstructing
BS
ing for the assisthe says washing unal standpipe by ave been refugees he Indian soldiers ugees still with a nas not kept its
ormalcy that has malee has eluded population of the displaced and 90 e on free rations' ho refuses to be it is a government izen nobody wants
Muslims at Kataccording to most new dimension to ent confrontation.
While the Muslims at Kattankudy
haven't yet got over the grief of having
members of their families brutally
gunned down, Tamils in the refugee
camps in Batticaloa are anguished over Tamil villages being ravaged by
Muslim homeguards.
Even the invitation by the Muslims to the Tamils to return to their villages is being viewed with suspicion.
Whole villages that were predominantly Tamil inhabited along the Batticaloa-Vallaichenai road have been abandoned. Just bare walls and twisted metal remain of villages that were once thriving communities.
Some 1115 persons have been documented as missing from Batticaloa district since June. Last week there was mounting anger over the disappearance of the first officially confirmed figure of 144 persons taken into custody from the Wandaramoolai camp in the Eastern University premises, being reduced to 32.
"The government now says that only 32 were taken and that they were subsequently released. But not one of them has returned says one of the men who was in the camp at the time of the arrests and who has a figure of 158.
Muslim traders from Kattankudy come into Batticaloa only for a few hours. Shops put up their shutters early and a 'curfew imposed by the citizens takes over Batticaloa town.
War surgery that was 80 percent in the early stages of the conflict is almost non-existent now says a doctor from medicines sans frontiers (the French medical team) that provides a dedicated Humanitarian service in the North-East region.
Most of the security check points on the road to Vavuniya have also been dismantled these past weeks. Like Batticaloa only a few shops open for business. Owners are still caught up in the uncertainty of the war across the border.
To Sarogini Sithamparapillai, the young electrical foreman in Vavuniya, restoring the electrical supply to the
Continued On Page20

Page 11
15 NOVEMBER 1990
MAKING A VIR
OF BRUTALT
- S.Sivasegaram
Mass liberation novenients cannot be secret Societies able to the people whom they claim to represent. liberation struggle has been that the leading organ avoided mass politics and denied the people a role in m. matters which directly concern their lives. Intellectuals h ity towards the development of a healthy and progre Those who not only defend, but also make a virtue of br the Tamil national struggle and to the social and moral
people cherish and take great pride in.
Oppression tends to brutalise the vici tim. The struggle for liberation cannot be plain brutal response to oppression and needs to be directed against brutalisation too. Failure to distinguish between the principal enemy and potential friends results in the weakening of the struggle and isolation from forces which can be helpful. Recent events in the North and the East have caused dismay to many supporters and sympathisers of the liberation struggle of the Tamil people and isolated the forces of liberation from potential allies. Feuds between rival movements have done little good to any of them and the real beneficiaries seem to be the very forces against whom the struggle should have been directed. We have witnessed an absurd situation where rival movements switched alliances to spite each other, with each accusing the other of treachery and deceit. The truth is that all the leading movements have displayed great hunger for power and have, to varying degrees, subjected the needs of the people to sectarian interests.
The assumption that Tamil liberation is the same as the setting up of an independent sovereign state of Tamil Eelam has led to the fallacy that the struggle for Tamil liberation implies unqualified support for a particular movement. Some even assume that an opponent or critic of that movement is an enemy of the liberation struggle and of the Tamil people and therefore a traitor who deserves to be eliminated. Such parochial and arrogant attitudes have been responsible for the killing of a number of innocent civilians whose apparent crime was to seem to be critical of one movement or another. None of the major liberation movements is above blame in this respect although some have been particularly notorious. These grievous mistakes have exacted a large price from the liberation struggle by dividing the people and strengthening the enemy. Today no movement is able to inspire the Tamil masses to struggle and what the people seem to want most is shelter from the ongoing battle. The attitude of rival movements towards the cur
rent situation i some intellect port one move ΠΠΟΥΘ COIYηΙΥ1θη( the part of so many of who entirely new a response to ev even to differel
When the m lians took plac 1985, very few lectuals expres, act of brutality concern amon Sinhala back shame it broug of the Tamil pe an intellectual with the mover massacre but in organisation se the rival group statement stro killings. He a failed to act. others who eve the butchery a tactical move. T in 1986 by the k young men and TELO and, a several intellec pendent on the the individuals a number of incidents inclu stand bombing Madras airport sad blunder, an Sinhalese villa the East whic nounced in tl terms by all ge] Tamil cause bu be seen against the mid-80s th; organisation er Tamils was dep of Sinhalese it l Attacks on M from time to ti ments have be matched the r mosque either

TAM TIMES 11
UE Υ
which are not answerhe bane of the Tamil sations hitherto have king decisions even in ave a great responsibilisive social outlook. . . Itality do great harm to values which the Tamil
s unhealthy and that of als who claim to supment or another is no lable. Such attitude on me Tamil intellectuals, m live abroad, is not nd is reflected in their ents, to criticism and hce of opinion.
assacre of innocent civice in Anuradhapura in Tamil nationalist intelsed any criticism of that . In fact, there was more g some about possible lash than about the ght on the just struggle ople. I remember asking who was not associated ment responsible for the nvolved in a broad front eking to unite some of is in London to issue a ngly condemning the greed in principle but There were, of course, in saw a positive side to djustified it as a great his horror was followed illing of over a hundred boys belonging to the gain, the response of tuals was heavily depolitical sympathies of concerned. There were ther such deplorable ing the Colombo busthe explosion at the which was of course a | the killing of innocent ers in the North and deserved to be dee strongest possible uine supporters of the were not. This should the prevalent view in t the support that an oyed among overseas indent on the number
lled. uslims have occurred he and various movein accused, but none cent killings in the in scale or in horror,
and, despite vehement denials by the suspected Tamil movement and the counterclaim that the operation was organised by the Sri Lankan armed forces, few Muslims believe the denials. The rift between the Tamil and the Muslim communities in the East has never been deeper than at present. The very fact that the Muslims are willing to believe that the Tamils are responsible for the mosque killings deserves serious attention. The liberation struggle had the potential to bring the two communities together against Sinhala chauvinist oppression, but it failed. The attitude of the Tamil nationalist leadership towards the Muslims since the years preceding independence from British rule has not been very helpful. Claims that Muslims were part of the Tamil nation have been made without consideration of the views of the Muslims and solutions sought by the Tamil nationalist leadership for the national problem failed to take into account the just fears and suspicions of the Muslims about Tamil domination. The claim that the Tamil nationalist leadership had the right to speak on behalf of the Muslims, regardless of the views of the Muslims on the subject, was arrogant and the demand that the Muslims should be part of a Tamil dominated state or autonomous region without any guarantee of their right to withdraw from such a union was totally unjust. While it is true that it is in the interest of the Muslims and Tamils to unite within one regional administration, the interest of neither community is served when the views of the Muslim minority are not respected. 's There are some who are of the view that the plight of the Muslims and Sinhalese within a Tamil dominated state is no concern of the Tamil liberation struggle, and some who would even go to the extent of claiming that non-Tamil minorities within the Tamil territories who cannot accept the diktat of the Tamil nationalist leadership should be encouraged to leave. These views run contrary to the very spirit of the just struggle of the Tamil people for liberation and to defend their right to self determination.
Killing of individuals for political reasons started in the North with that of Alfred Duraiappa and the lack of a firm response to that murder from the Tamil nationalist leadership of that day was seen as a sign of encouragement by some of the militants. Other killings followed, again without condemnation by the Tamil leadership. (In fact, when certain leaders of the TULF were killed in subsequent years by a militant group, an important leader of the TULF lamented that these people who served the Tamil cause well had been killed while certain "traitors' had been spared). It did not take long for political killings to become an
Continued On Page 12

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
Continued From Page 11
epidemic. Persons who filed nominations to contest District Council elections in 1982 were threatened or killed and this became a pattern during subsequent elections. Killings were not restricted to politicians and armed personnel, and soon government officials and social workers who refused to be cooperative with one movement or another too fell victim to the whims and fancies of young men carrying guns in the names of these movements. What was shameful about the attitude of some intellectuals was that, not only did they fail to denounce the crimes but also tried to justify them. Recent correspondence in publications
in the west such as the Tamil Times,
bear testimony to this.
I remember in particular the crude response of one correspondent to a letter by David Selbourne, a great supporter of the Tamil liberation cause, denouncing the killers of Amirthalingam and Yogeswaran. David Selbourne appears to have treated that pile of abuse with the contempt it
deserved by ignoring it. Several Sinhalese intellectuals and leaders who have consistently defended the
rights of the Tamil people have been abused for their plea against secession
and for expressing the view that the
settlement of the national question should include disarming the militants. While one need not agree with some of their views, one has to be able to distinguish friend from foe. Interestingly, the very individuals who abused the more sympathetic Sinhalese chose to ignore the killings in the South and sang the praise of Mr. Premadasa, who did not take long to turn on the Tamils of the North and East. There have also been several instances where people have justified atrocities committed by one organisation by comparison with those by its rivals and on the basis of precedents. They do not, however, bother to find out whether liberation organisations elsewhere take pride in attacking civilians and their supporters and bend over backwards to defend every act of inhumanity committed in the name of the struggle.
Attacks on civilians and abuse of basic human and democratic rights by liberation movements are largely ignored by their supporters abroad. It was disappointing to read communications pleading for unqualified support for the LTTE in view of its struggle against the government. The concern for these people is understandable and their position is possibly different from that of some others who believe that the LTTE should be supported unconditionally simply because they have become the dominant force in Tamil politics, but it is only one delicate step away from the view that denies the Tamil people the democratic right to
dissent and brands e differs from that viev enemy. I certainly d view that the LTTE defeated or humiliate against the governm disapprove the activit viduals and organis scores with the LTTE with the government the Tamil people on fighting the LTTE. those who criticised collaborating with th fight the IPKF and precisely that to aven tion. The choice for t cannot simply be n between cooperation ment and unqualifiec LTTE. This apparen seems to be the produ political shortsighted Tamil nationalist polit days. It was this which made the Tamil ership portray the population as its ene recognise glaring diff the most reactionary Sinhala chauvinists a sive forces among thi liberation struggle in appeared to generate enlightenment wh swamped by the narro the class which domir tics. The brutalisatic intellectuals too may this political outlook.
Is it not time that w of the past assump determined the cour national struggle? No rosanct in the stru society and it is t questioning and critic gle makes progress. F will lead to stagnatio
Some important is: desire of the Tamil determination. What mination did the Tam the past? Which sect speaking population the Tamil nationalist claim to represent? N clear mandate for se there was one, do the it? Should not they h ity to consider possil the Tamil nation h: outside the expresse Tamil people? Is end in itself? Does t means? Should the again allow a regiona a “solution” on the TI Can the Tamil natior to ignore the strug against oppression? of human and dem every part of the concern to the Ta

15 NOVI в., Бја"1990
ery person who a traitor or an not share the deserves to be in its struggle nt and strongly es of some inditions to settle by cooperating its war against the pretext of t is wrong for the LTTE for government to its allies to do fe their humiliahe Tamil people arrowed to one with the governsupport for the , lack of choice ct of the kind of less which ailed ics since its early shortsightedness nationalist leadentire Sinhala ny and refuse to erences between section of the und the progres2 Sinhalese. The its early stages some degree of ich was soon w nationalism of nated Tamil polion of the Tamil find its origins in
fe reviewed some tions that have se of the Tamil thing can be sacggle for a free rough repeated ism that a strugailing to question
and decay.
sues concern the
people for self orm of self deteril people want in on of the Tamiln Sri Lanka can leadership truly Was there ever a cession? Even if people still want ave an opportunle options? Does ve an existence d wishes of the Tamil Eelam an e end justify the amil people once power to impose amil nationality? al struggle afford le in the South re not questions cratic rights in land matters of mil nationality?
Should not the struggle for Tamil national liberation be linked with the struggle for equality and justice? These questions have become all the more important today since the struggle of the Tamil people in the North and the East has become one for civil and human rights and mere survival in many instances. It is time that any movement which claims to fight for the Tamil people recognizes that people are more precious than sectarian interests and quest for power.
Anyone who is serious about the task of restoring the basic rights of the Tamil people and winning their just demands will recognize the need for unity among all forces that can be united against the oppressor. It is unrealistic and foolish to depend on external forces to solve the problem facing the Tamil nationality while finding every possible excuse to divide the forces which could and should be united in struggle. Such unity can be achieved only through the democratisation of the struggle and encouraging the Tamil masses to have a greater say in the conduct of the struggle. It also requires a spirit of mutual tolerance and understanding and the accommodation of divergent views in the interest of greater unity. Mass liberation movements cannot be secret societies which are not answerable to the people whom they claim to represent. The bane of the Tamil liberation struggle has been that the leading organisations hitherto have avoided mass politics and denied the people a role in making decisions even in matters which directly concern their own lives.
Intellectuals have a great responsibility towards the development of a healthy and progressive social outlook. They can also play a valuable role in the popularisation and democratisation of the struggle by participation in civilised debate and discussion and by supporting resistance to every form of intimidation. Those who not only defend but make a virtue of brutality do great harm to the Tamil national struggle and to the social and moral values which the Tamil people cherish and take great pride in.
British Columbian Tamil Sangam 3rd Annual Carol Service Saturday, 22nd December 1990 at 5.00 pm
ot Kerrisdale Community Centre, Wancouver
All Welcome

Page 13
15 NOVEMBER 1990
RoLE of THE STATE ETHNIC CONFLICT OF SI
- Urmila Phadnis -
Professor, South Asian Studies, School of Internation
Nehru University, New Delhi.
(Continued from last issue)
V
, This scenario can be traced to mass politics asserting itself in the electoral arena. The first rub of such a SinhalaTamil divide had come in the promulgation of Sinhala only as the official language in 1956 instead of the parity of Tamil and Sinhala as had been promised by the two dominantly Sinhalese parties namely, the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) only to be abnegated later by both. Such a move symbolised a reassertion of the Sinhalese nationalism and, a new dignity to its Sinhalese educated middle strata with race, religion and language providing a strong conglomerate to such a Sinhala consciousness marked by a thrust on its distinctiveness as well as its pre-eminence vis-a- vis other minority communities."
While the Burghers, in view of their small numbers found greener pastures in other countries in the wake of such Sinhalese-Buddhist thrust of the Sri Lankan State, the Muslims appeared to reconcile with such a situation. Besides, dispersed as they were all over the island (except in the eastern region) and with business and trade being the major avocation of a large number of them, the linguistic-cultural assertion of the majority community did not create a major crisis for them.
However, for the Tamils, particularly Sri Lankan Tamils of the north, the promulgation of the Sinhalese only as the official language was perceived as catastrophic for subjective as much as objective reasons. Denial of Tamil the official status was perceived as a slur to their language - one of the oldest languages - as much as to their linguistic-cultural distinctiveness. Besides, the status of the Tamils as an advantaged community hinged on their high share in governmental jobs as well as some of the other prestigious professions like law and medicine. In the Sri Lankan situation, with state emerging as the largest employer, they feared that with the replacement of Sinhalese over English as the official language, their employment prospects would shrink, more so because political spoils system, as elsewhere, was in any case bound to restrict their chances. That their fears were well-founded was evident from their shrinking numbers in government jobs.'
Added to this Tamils sense o education, colo) autonomy whic. tensive over the realm of educat tongue being th tion from school after 1960, it wa ly difficult for th Tamil youth to confidence in thi
Worse still, in ing to power, the ment decided to criteria for adm weightage which Sinhalese stude system of standa fied a system o higher for stude and lower in ti aspirants.
The ultimate and standardisa progressive decli in the science ba earlier, they ha Though the situa to Some extent ( ime, the discrimi SLFP policies w the Tamil psyche
Alongside edu land settlement o of the earlier go ceived with mis tained by the Tan Sinhalese domini tlement policy w the demographi Tamil homeland east."
Last but not th ofregional auton the Tamils had so Omy as a struc ameliorate their g provide a certain ance at provinc since 1956, even were made by the tended to be abor UNP and the SL opposition - spare on Sinhalese Buc ments, with the effort towards fed a danger to n abrogation of Chelvanayagam regional councils the abortive deba

TAM TIMES 13
INTHE
| LANKA
Studies, Jawaharlal
was the Sri Lankan grievance regarding isation and regional I got increasingly indecades. Thus, in the ion, with the mother mode of communicato the University level becoming increasinge university educated cope with the old job market. 1970, soon after comUnited Front Governreplace merit as the ission by a system of worked in favour of nts. It introduced a rdisation which specif credits which were ints writing in Tamil he case of Sinhalese
result of the quotas tion system was a ne of Tamil students ised courses in which ud done very well." tion was ameliorated luring the UNP regnatory aspects of the ere deeply etched in
cational policies, the r colonisation policies vernments were pertrust. It was mainhill leadership that the ated state's land setas a device to dilute c character of the
in the north and
eleast was the issue my. Time and again, ught regional autonural mechanism to rievance as well as to autonomy in governal levels. However,
when these efforts ruling regimes, they ive because both the FP - as and when in d no efforts to cash in dhist populist sentiplea being that any eralisation signalled tional unity. The he BandaranaikePact in 1957 on the n the north and east, e on the formation of
District Council during the 60s and 70s. reiterated the same story."
Though the induction of Provincial Councils in 1988 was arrived at it is noteworthy that the major opposition party - the SLFP - boycotted these elections. The Provincial Councils even when established in the northeastern region could hardly be functional. In the North-Eastern Province for instance, the issues involved were not merely that of delineating the jurisdiction of the Centre and the Province but that of the credibility and confidence of one in the other. Thus, though creating the Provincial Council in somewhat exceptional circumstances, the state leadership could hardly harmonise its activities with the Provincial Council and vice-versa.'
VI
During the initial five years of the UNP regime (1977-83), its policies towards Tamils appeared to be a mix of cooption and coercion, with coercion having an edge over its promise of "national reconciliation'. The reasons for the government's inability to contain the Tamil militancy were partly because of contending perceptions for a’ solution within its own party and partly due to the pressures and pulls from the major opposition party - the SLFP - trying, as the UNP had done in the past - to make political capital out of the ethnic issue through its political intransigence and at times ambivalence. Also, the intensity of the Tamil militants' sense of grievance was presumably inadequately appraised by the ruling regime despite repeated warnings on this point by the TULF in parliament which, had emerged in an unenviable position after 1977 elections. With a bare 18 seats in the legislature of 168 members, it emerged as the largest opposition party. With Eelam being its major election slogan, the TULF could hardly perform the old oppositional role in an era of new types of militancy and violence in which the state-initiated and sponsored violence increasingly had got deadlocked with the violence of the Tamil militants.
While the UNP constitution of 1978 did ascribe Tamil the status of “national language', it still fell short of the earlier demand of the Tamil federalists for its parity with Sinhala as the official language. Besides, its proposal for the formation of District Development Councils, providing a certain degree of regional autonomy was such as to rupture the TULF with its youth wing perceiving it as a subversive step vis-a-vis the Eelam. In due course the moderate Tamils were sidetracked by the militant Eelamists.
Moreover, violence and counter violence took an ethnic turn in 1977, 1979, 1981 and 1983. While the communal violence of 1977 had engulfed large parts of the country, in 1979 it
Continued On Page 14

Page 14
4 TAMIL TIMES
Continued From Page 13
was principally in the Northern Province. The insurgents' hit and run activities coupled with bank robberies resulted in the proscription of the Tamil Tigers in 1978, the Prevention of Terrorism Act in 1979 and the promulgation of emergency in Jaffna in 1979. During the insurgency, the highhandedness of police and armed forces kept the ethnic cauldron simmering. And though the major explosion came in 1983, by this time, the dialogue between Colombo and the TULF had virtually broken down. The military operations in Jaffna had become increasingly harsher with a sudden swoop on the civilians, arrest of young men and even discriminate burning of places (like Jaffna library) and burning of property particularly when a segment of them was incensed by the terrorist killings of their compatriots.” The triggering of the anti-Tamil riots on July 20, 1983 after the ambush and killing of 13 Sinhalese soldiers is a story too well known and well documented, highlighting the indifference of the police and armed forces on the one hand and the complicity of a segment of the ruling party in the killings, looting and burnings of the Tamils and their property.'
The ferocity of the Sinhalese chauvinist elements with tacit approvall of the state apparatus reached such proportions that the entire Tamil leadership found itself with no option but to flee the north and northeastern provinces and seek refuge in Tamil Nadu. Moreover, with the government simultaneously intensifying its military operations, thousands of refugees also sought refuge in Tamil Nadu.
This was the prelude for the emergence of the India factor in the domestic Sri Lankan ethnic strife. Initially, New Delhi had watched with cautious concern the inability of Colombo to find a negotiated settlement of the Tamil Question with the Sri Lankan Tamil leadership. But the events of 1983 were such that the government of India could no longer remain a passive spectator because of the arousal of the Tamil sentiments in Tamil Nadu.
The immediate impetus of Delhi to act was the July 23rd massacre of Tamils in Colombo and elsewhere in the southern parts of the island. There was a public outcry in Tamil Nadu against these killings with an implicit prodding on the Government of India that it should intervene militarily in Sri Lanka as it had done in the case of erstwhile East Pakistan in 1971. Far from doing so however, the Indian effort was to make an attempt to prevail upon the Government in Sri Lanka not to seek a military solution but to secure a politically negotiated settlement.
It needs to be noted here that while India publicly maintained its stance
雙
that it stood for the t
of the island-state a secession of the Tam not refrained from separatist elements
port besides providin extremist elements
continue their inst with the major prem Sri Lankan Govern the security-foreign prejudicial to its se Added to the India f support which the from the Tamil ex which resulted in a source endowment t Eelam than had bee
It is in the totalit situation that the Ir in Sri Lanka has to
VI
This phase of Indo tions began when th Gandhi, the then Pri the initiative of gett the then Sri Lanka Jayewardene with th offices to help Colom ated settlement of th This was followed personal envoy, G. Colombo, and the con Party Conference to consensus on the Tar however proved abo subsequent attempts
An explanation for be found on the O increasing militancy chauvinist elements the equally intransi the Tamil militants LTTE, to a negotiat cidentally, the main both the Sinhalese a tremists was that a tlement would sub' anti-systemic objecti
Meanwhile, the S. ment went ahead o against the Tamil though it did succeed clearing the Easte stronghold of the LT Northern Province beyond the reach of and Colombo's writ With such advanta forces could gain in vince the Sri Lanka cided to concentrate the Northern Provil heavy civilian casu in Jaffna. The gov imposed an economi 1987 which did cau civilians. This was the government o involvement began air dropping of sup peninsula flouti airspace.”

15 NOVEMBER 1990
YRW7-kv771
rritorial integrity d was against the provinces, it had encouraging the "ith material sup; sanctuary to the n, Tamil Nadu to rgency activities se being that the ment’s moves on policy front were urity concerns." ictor was also the hilitants received patriates all of much greater rethe struggle for hitherto.
y of this complex dian intervention pe evaluated.
-Sri Lankan relaa late Mrs. Indira me Minister, took ng in touch with In President Mr. e offer of her good ıbo find a negotie Tamil Question. by a visit of her Parthasarathy to nvening of the All evolve a national mil Question. This rtive as also the
this failure has to ine hand in the
of the Sinhalese and on the other, gent approach of
particularly the ed settlement. Inmotivation behind ind the Tamil exly negotiated setvert their stated ves.
i Lankan Governwith its offensive insurgents and to some extent in rn Province, the TE which was the continued to be the security forces hardly ran there. fe as the security the Eastern Pron Government deits forces against (ce which entailed lties, particularly rnment had also blockade in early e hardship to the he stage in which India's military with the symbolic lies to the Jaffna ng Sri Lankan
Whether it was so intended or not, President Jayewardene seemed to have taken this as a signal of India's intention to come to the rescue of the Tamils militarily. Forthwith Mr. Jayewardene appears to have considered it to be more prudent to come to an understanding with India partly because of his apprehensions of a coup against his regime in Sri Lanka itself and partly because of his fears of India's intentions as well as the unwillingness of extra-regional powers to get involved in Sri Lanka's ethnic strife partly because of the possible repercussions it might have in their relations with India. Instructively in this regard there was a marked tendency on the part of both the super powers to let India handle the situation.
This was the background to the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord which the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi signed with President Jayewardene in Colombo on July 29, 1987. Under the Accord, India agreed to secure arms surrender from the Tamil militants while the Sri Lankan Government agreed to take steps not only to meet the Tamil aspirations for selfgovernment but also tacitly to concede to the demand of the concept of a Tamil homeland, namely, an amalgamated single unit of Northern and Eastern Provinces.
The immediate aftermath of the Accord did not seem to be conducive to the termination of the conflict between the Sri Lankan and the Tamil militants. On the one hand, the LTTE refused to go beyond a formal surrender ofarms and on the other it generated a Sinhalese Buddhist backlash with Mr. Jayewardene's Prime Minister, Mr. Premadasa, himself abstaining from the signing ceremony of the Accord. Thus, if the Indian Government found itself unable to fulfil its commitment to disarm the militants, except by initiating military action against the LTTE, Mr. Jayewardene found that the Accord had fuelled further the conflagration which had been ignited by the JVP by touching the Sinhalese Buddhist sentiments on the raw of a national offence committed by the presence of foreign troops on the Sri Lankan soil.”
In a rather feeble attempt to head off the JVP's appeal to the Sinhalese sentiments, Mr. Jayewardene's successor, Mr. Premadasa, made the withdrawal of the IPKF one of the major issues in his presidential election campaign in 1988.
As it happened, a change of government in New Delhi and the assumption of power by the opposition National Front, which had questioned the wisdom of Mr. Gandhi having committed Indian troops, to Sri Lanka helped Mr. Premadasa to redeem his electoral pledge and the IPKF was duly withdrawn from the island in March 1990.

Page 15
15 NOVEMBER 1990
Not illogically, there was a congruence of immediate objectives between Mr. Premadasa and the LTTE which had been fighting the IPKF as an 'army of occupation' in the Tamil homeland. After a brief interlude of unofficial contacts starting in April 1988 the Sri Lankan Government and the LTTE leadership decided to come round to negotiations on finding a peaceful settlement. There were several rounds of formal talks lasting severalmonths which took place in Colombo between government representatives and the LTTE leaders.
However, despite the conciliatory gestures of Colombo which included, the abrogation of the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution," dissolution of the Provincial Council (which had come into being as a result of elections held under the terms of the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord) and fresh provincial elections, the LTTE could not be persuaded to carry on the talks to a successful conclusion. Its leadership preferred to return to its quest for a total dominance of the Tamil areas through the resumption of its insurgency. ދ′
This quest for dominance in the past had included physical elimination of all the Tamil groups which were contest
ing its sole claim for power." Its con- *
frontation with Colombo on a somewhat trivial issue leading to its take over of some of the police stations brought it in direct military confrontation with the armed forces as in 1983 but with one major difference. The conciliatory gesture of Colombo had already been internationally publicised and though the Tamil political groups were sharply divided on the rationale or justification of the LTTE's confrontation with Colombo the aerial bombing by the state in the north did evoke a criticism of government action from the oppositional Sinhalese as well as Tamil parties and groups."
VII
The role of the state in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka has been, in effect, a manifestation of the various facets of the structural crisis of the Sri Lankan state. Embedded in such a crisis have been two levels of class and ethnicity. Initially they seemed to be imutually reinforcing as was evident from the political coalitions and patterns of power sharing in the institutions of power and authority of the 'state by the elite of the two communities.
In the post-independence era, with mass politics gaining ascendancy and the Sinhalese Buddhist lower middle strata, perceiving itself as deprived as well as discriminated against vis-a-vis the alien as well as minority group interests, had succeeded in pushing Sri Lankan politics to endow it a majoritarian thrust through the agency of
Party politi such that t ties became avowedly
Sinhalese ideology of state.
This was cern by th community well as grou its interest the other c. but not as ethnicity. I sharing a prompted til ity commun politically choosing, s. select symb and focus a the referent
Ironically tics and pol operative in majority-mi
ly a zero-su
the 70s whe lower middl longing to st like karaiya not only the based Tan against the the JVP had
With an developed ec society, the Lankan stat interests th gamation tenuous. Col flicting perc marked the one end of perspective Sinhalese B and on the perspective separate Tau
In such pluralism th majority do measures w the Tamil se if they did t hardly impl wake of the Tamil secess military me chronised w
alleviate sor
The military on both th cleavage. Tl tants theire to hit the s increase of a lated defenc escalation w tottering ecc Lanka, in t militant gro

s. Electoral dynamics were le two major political parincreasingly partisan and moving towards the
uddhist ideology as the
Sri Lankan nation and
ܕ ܙ ܊
viewed with serious conelite of the most forward
for identity assertion as p mobilisation to safeguard . However, identity, as in uses, has been a significant ufficient requisite to evoke was the interest in power ld its management that he power elite of the minority to mobilise an already conscious community by lecting and standardising ols for its identity assertion sense of grievance vis-a-vis :e group i.e., the Sinhalese. , the ethnicisation of poliiticisation of ethnicity was a manner as to make the nority relationship virtualm game, particularly since in the vernacular educated e strata of the Tamils beome of the emergent castes rs decided to revolt against high caste and upper class hill leadership but also
state power-structure as d done earlier.
overheated polity, a malonomy and a multi-ethnic earlier equilibrium of Sri e - of mediating competing "ough alignments or amal
became increasingly htending perspectives, conptions and misperceptions increasing chasm. On the
this continuum lay the of the Sri Lankan (i.e., uddhist) "nation' in siege
other end emerged the of Eelam — the vision of a mil state.
a clash of identity and ere is no doubt that the minated regimes adopted ich could hardly mitigate nse of grievance and even some extent, they were mented. Besides, in the
violent activities of the ionists, the government's asures were hardly synth political measures to e of the Tamil demands. content of external inputs sides exacerbated the us, as regards the milihanced capacity and skill ate apparatus led to an med forces and an escaexpenditure." If such s inimical to the already nomic development of Sri e case of some of the ps, the nexus of arms
TAMIL TIMES 15
with drugs imparted a pernicious angle to the ethnic strife.
Besides, whether on the Sinhalese or on the Tamil side, the phenomena of political violence has been such as to encompass particularly in recent years, the shadowy extra legal vigilante groups on the Sinhalese side. The subterranean currents of political violence have been equally strong leading to insurgent, guerrilla like warfare at random, not to speak of the open war being waged at this juncture in the north between the state forces and the LTTE.
Unless and until the state policies and measures are radically restructured and politically reoriented, the Sri Lankan forces in the north may at best have a pyrrhic victory. In this respect, the major challenge of President Premadasa's regime continues to be that of bringing the Tamil in the mainstream politics in order to recreate their stakes in the Sri Lankan political system. Eelam has not only been an ideology but a movement for liberation for which Tamils - young and old - have lost their lives and continue to do so. The edge of the struggle can be blunted only through political solution and not through military recourse, a point on which most of the Sri Lankans agree - but find themselves hapless to get it effected.
Besides, with the majority-minority, relationship cleaved further during the past decade, the bridging of the ethnic divide as has been stated earlier, can be brought about only in the overall gamut of the crisis of the state on the one hand and imperatives of peace on the other. It is noteworthy, that during the past few years the Muslim community in Sri Lanka too has felt deeply aggrieved and insecure as perhaps never before during the post colonial ΘI3.
At present, the state machinery is hardly operative in the north and is limping in the east. The first prerequisite thus of the mitigation of ethnic divide has to be the need for action for restoration of law and order and civil authority.
Going by the experience of the other Provincial Councils, the Provincial administrative set-up seems to be a going concern. To what extent and in what way can Colombo help ensure the installation of a functioning institutional structure is going to be its major challenge. So is the effectivity of devolution, taking into consideration the lacunae therein as repeated by the first chief minister of the region, Varatharaja Perumal.
Equally significant measures for an enduring peace in the island are the devices for greater inter-ethnic group interaction. In this respect, the promised quota system for the minorities will have to be worked out with cir
Continued On Page 17

Page 16
16 TAM TIMES
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Page 17
L KeTekSkeCSL0S BcS S q eqLASAAqq TTeSeSBS gBeS0SeST zSeqSqSK KSTSY zTiAiqg YYYA
15 NOVEMBER 1990
Continued From Page 15
cumspection lest it may intensify Jaffna-Colombo cleavage and may not, in the long run, foster the majorityminority harmony either.
Some of the recommendations of the youth commission, highlighting the damage due to political interference and spoils system, the mismatch between employment and education, the Sinhalese-Tamil divide as a result of linguistic dualism, the racial bias in the text books, particularly the Sinhalese ones, the need to harmonise values of pluralism over identity are no doubt commendable but in the civil society of Sri Lanka afflicted by fear of the known/unknown adversary and uncertainties regarding the future, the laws of the jungle seem to attract the youth more than the yearnings for a just and peaceful political order. This is particularly so with the Tamil (and to some extent Sinhalese youth) who have been virtually grown in an environment of alienation and aggression with the collective manifestation being political violence not merely vis-a-vis Sinhala but also Tamils.
Not only this, the events during the past years - violation of human rights, 'disappearances' and killings of political dissenters – connote a disturbing trend with the state increasingly assuming the features of a "National Security State' as has happened in a number of Latin American countries. The comment of the Civil Rights Movement in Sri Lanka are pertinent in this respect: the state needs to be particularly circumspect in the use of its coercive power. "If the state acts or is popularly believed to act, with the same degree of contempt for law and human values as its adversaries, then it undermines its own moral, ethical
* :34
and legal basis.
With the N nisations in S continuous pl quarters, the Sri Lanka net through collect of similar org. more significal appears to hav antithetical rel the state instit tification.
Will the stat occasion to fulf al conciliation. promise'? This question which will vindicate in
(
17. For a general discus in James Manor, ed.,
(London: Croom and H tion, Ethnicity and Soc Social Scientist Associa na, Ethnic and Class C Lanka, Centre for Socia
18. For empirical data o of Sri Lanka (London report No. 25, 1983), Representation in the Scientist Association, E Lanka, n.17, pp. 179-19 Representation in Cem Sinhalese - Tamil Rel Goldman and A.J. Wils Statehood: Managing Asian States (London: and Chelvadurai Manog ciliation in Sri Lanka (ł 1987), pp.127-137. 19. C.R. de Silva. The | Review of Some Aspec Lanka, 1971-78, Sri La vol.1, no.2, December 1
20. Manogaran, n. 18, pp.
21. libid., pp. 153-165. A Development Councils ir no.1, November 1982, p.
22. in fact, a number C north-eastern governmer coordination group durin ing in this respect. Also | the Chief Minister of no Perumal had maintainec northeast had hardly ha« gence of Colombo. An a Context was Colombo's
I am sorry, I couldn't meet you In Colombo as I promised. I hope you are happier in Wales Than you were in Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka is not really a hell, But was really a Paradise For a long time in her history, Not only for her people But also for the foreign visitors
Sri Lanka is beautiful Her mountains and rivers Her forests and valleys Her birds and animals Her mornings and evenings Her nights and noons Are still beautiful.
At the age of yours We - your father and your uncles Your mother and your aunts Were enjoying the winds and waters The Sand and the dust of this land We were free and were going freely Wherever we wanted
: Dear Kamil and Shamil
Now the times ha We can't move fr People are afraid People are missin We lost one of ou You lost one of ya
Now we hear not Not the sounds of But the Sound of Now we see not t But the terror of di The time you wer Our peaceful Para Temporarily a hell
My dear children As you know
There will be a da And the bright sur Aта hope tо те in a real Paradise
- Fron
+ #జ్వy #జ: బ్లూజ5 జైనs: 24. ఖ:
 
 

n-Governmental Orgai Lanka being under issures from various peace constituency in ds to be strengthened ve support and efforts
nisations abroad. But .
tly, in such a task it an ambivalent if not tionship with some of tions which needs rec
leadership rise to the
its promise of "nationconsensus and comremains a daunting only its performance
I the years to come.
concluded)
sion on this point see various papers Sri Lanka in Change and Crisis Irm, 1984): Social Scientist Associaat Change in Sri Lanka (Colombo: tion, 1984), and Kumari Jayawardeonflicts in Sri Lanka (Dehiwala, Sri
Analysis, 1986).
this point see W. Schwarz. Tannils
The Minority Rights Groups d., p. 13, Charles Abeysekera, "Ethnic Higher Civil Services' in Social thnicity and Social Change in Sri 5; S.W.R. de Samansinghe, "Ethnic tral Government Employment and ations in Sri Lanka' in Robert B. son, eds., From lindependence to Ethnic Conflict in Five African and Frances Pinter, 1984), pp.173-184 aran, Ethnic Conflict and Reconionolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
Politics of University Admissions: A its of the Admission Policy in Sri Inka Journal of Social Sciences, 978, pp.85-112.
1.78-114.
so see Bruce Matthews, 'District Sri Lanka, Asian Survey, vol.22, p. 1117-34.
f position papers prepared by the it on implementation of the Security
g September-December are reveal
in a statement dated January 1990, rtheastern province A. Varatharaja that the devolution process in the a take-off because of the intransidclitional political component in this parleys with the LTTE since April
LSLSLSCLSLSS
ve changed ely, pf everything
fine brothers Lur uncles.
he songs of the birds the music he gun. e beauty of the land ath.
here was such dise has become
!ሃዘገ
you here again
your Uncle in Jaffna
TAM TIMES 17
1989 which had been waging war with the IPKF since September 1987 and had described the EPRLF dominated government in the region as "Indian stooges'.
23. For details see Virginia A. Leary, Ethnic Conflict and Violence in Sri Lanka. Report of a Commission in Sri Lanka in July-August 1981, on behalf of the international Commission of Jurists. With a supplement by the ICJ staff for the period 1981-83 (Geneva, International Commission of Jur
sists, August 1983); Paul Sieghart, Sri Lanka - A Mounting,
Tragedy of Errors (ICJ Report, 1984); "Sri Lanka — Racism , and Authoritarian State', Race and Class, vol.26, no.1, 1984.
24. See for instance Gananath Obeysekera, Political Violence and the future of Democracy in Sri Lanka, in Committee for Rational development. Sri Lanka: The Ethnic Conflict Myths, Realities and Perspectives (Delhi: Navarang, 1984), pp.87-89. Also see the various issues of Logos, a Quarterly journal published by the Centre of Society and Religion, Colombo. 25. See various articles in Shelton U. Kodikara, ed., Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of July 1987 (Dehiwala, Sri Lanka, Sri Devi Printers, 1989). Also see P. Sahadevan, India and the Tamil Problem in Sri Lanka, 1965-1985, M.Phil. Disserta-3 tion, Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 1986. Typed.
26. For a brief account of the activities of the Tamil
expatriates vis-a-vis the Eelamist movement see Sudha, Ramachandran, Tamil lnsurgency in Sri Lanka, M.Phil.
Dissertation, Centre for South, Central, South-East Asian
and South-West Pacific Studies, JNU, New Delhi, 1989. Typed.
27. For a background to India's role in the ethnic conflict during 1983-87 see Kodikara, n.26. Also see, P. Venkatesh
wara Rao, “Ethnic Conflict in india — india's Role and Perception', Asian Survey, vol.28, no.4, April 1988, pp.419436; R. Premadas and S.W. R. de Samarasinghe; "Sri; lanka's Ethnic Conflict - The Indo-lanka Peace Accord, Asian Survey, vol.28, no.6, June 1988, pp.676-689 and Dagmar Hellman-Rajanayagam, The Tamil Militants Before the Accord and After, Pacific Affairs, vol.61, no.4, 1989, pp.603-619. 28. See J.R. Jayewardene's interview in Lanka Guardian, vol. 13, no.5, July 1, 1990, pp.3-4.
29. For the linkages of the ascendancy of the JVP with the presence of the IPKF see Bryan Pfaffenberger, Sri Lanka in 1987 - Indian Intervention and Resurgence of the JVP, Asian Survey, vol.28, no.2, February 1988, pp. 137-147; Shelton U. Kodikara, The Continuing Crisis in Sri Lanka - the JVP, the Indian Troops and Tamil Politics, Asian Survey, vol.29, no.7, July 1989, pp.716-724. Also see Bruce Matthews, 'Sinhala Cultural and Buddhist Patriotic Organisation in Contemporary Sri Lanka, Pacific Affairs, vol.61,
no.4, 1989, pp. 620-633 and Bruce Matthews, The Janatha.
Vimukthi Peramuna and the Politics of Underground in Sri Lanka, Round Table, no.312, 1989, pp.425-439.
30, enacted in 1983 in the wake of the ethnic conflict the amendment requires MPs and other high government officials to take an oath of allegiance, forswearing separatism and pledging for the unity and territorial integrity of Sri Lanka.
31. The LTTE's strategies in tackling its adversaries has led
to a fratricidal war going back to shootout between the LTTE and PLOTE (People's Liberation of Tamil Eelam) leaders
Pirbhakaran and Maheshwaran in Pondi Bazar at Madras in .
1982, the LTTE's attack on TELO (Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization) and more recently, the killings of the TULF leaders in Colombo in early this year, the shooting of the EPRLF (Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front) MP, Sam Tambimuthu in May in Colombo and the virtual wiping out of the EPRLF leadership in June 1990 including its Secretary General, K. Padmanabha.
32. For a brief account of the LTTE's action om a trivial issue see 'How the Miniwar began', Ceylon Daily News, 13 June 1990. Also see Mervyn de Silva's articles im Lanka Guardian, Ibid., pp.3-4 and vol.13, no.9, September 1, 1990, pp.3-4. For the text of the statement of six opposition parties See Ibid., p.5. 33. In 1970-71 for instance, the defence expenditure was about Rs.362 million accounting for a miniscule percentage of the budgetary expenditure. This was virtually doubled in 1978. During 1987-88 it shot up to Rs.11 billion accounting for 16.4 per cent of its national budget. During 1988-89, with the IPKF's operations in the North and Eastern provinces it was reduced to about 9 billion, to shoot up again in 1990. particularly after the IPKF's withdrawal and an additional defence grant of Rs.5 billion added in June 1990 to its earlier estimates of about Rs.10 billion, accounting thereby for about 15% of its total budgetary expenditure. The hike was accompanied with the increase in the army, navy and air force personnel alongside the acquisition of sophisticated equipment to contain the Tamil insurgents. For details see Vikram Simha Rao, Militarisation of Sri Lanka: A Tabular Study', Strategic Analysis, vol.11, no. 12, March 1987, pp. 1447-60, Mayan Vije, Militarisation in Sri Lanka (London: Tamil information Centre, 1986), pp.21-26. Also see for figures in 1987-1989, Economic Review, vol. 14, no. 12, March 1989, Table 1, p.3. For 1990 figures see Hindustan Times, 26 June 1990 and 4 July 1990.
34. Civil Rights Movement of Sri Lanka, "Continuing Violence', document 01/12/89; Amnesty International. Sri Lanka: Summary of Human Rights Concern, February 1990 (London: Amnesty International, 1990). also, see News from Asia Watch, March 8, 1990, regarding the alleged complicity of police officials in the killing of journalist Richard de Zoysa.
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15 NOVEMBER 1990
Sri Lanka’s Human F ReCOrd Under Fi
A four-member investigative mission comprising two Members of the European Parliament, Christine Oddy and Alex Smith, a Belgian lawyer Bernad Dewitt and a Dutch lawyer Corjan Schoor into the question of widespread violation of human rights visited Sri Lanka from 27 October to 4 November.
The following are extracts from the mission's report: In order to obtain the widest possible view of the current situation in human rights, we met Members of Parliament across the political spectrum, the State Minister of Defence, the Army Commander, and representatives of a number of human rights organisations.
We met about 250 relatives of disappeared people and interviewed about 50 families. We have obtained at least 1500 written documented cases of people who have disappeared. Conclusions and findings in this report are restricted to information which was verifiable by verbal testimony or written report. Names and details of address have been omitted to protect the people involved and their relatives.
FINDINGS
Reports were received of people who have been taken and their bodies later discovered often burned or mutilated. Other people were taken into custody and disappeared after release from custody. In many cases, people have disappeared without any trace. Families seeking information about their relatives from the police station receive no information and are still waiting to hear.
Various estimates we have received suggest that at least 60,000 people disappeared in the South of Sri Lanka since 1987. This represents about one in every 250 of the population. This excludes the North and East of Sri Lanka. During our stay, we received reports of continuing disappearances, for example between 20 and 50 per week in the Kandy area since 1990.
A large number of reports were received alleging direct or indirect involvement of the police and armed forces. Sometimes, it appeared that vigilante forces operating on behalf of armed forces and police took away relatives at night. Sometimes police in uniform, or police in plain clothes but known to be police took away relatives. The Prevention of Terrorism Act and Emergency Powers Regulations appear to be abused.
When we asked the Minister of
Defence and the explanations of appearances, the buted some killin and people dismi The Minister of D there had been s Jaffna area and d rection, but state police investigatic
We were appa brutality. For ex one account of publicly shot and lated by police (s front of a bank fo bank. Two boys custody at the til and it was, ther them to have take another case, a n her son had been a hours of the mor later his head w home.
In addition, w groups are restric tions. For exampl not operate in the are intimidated if dustrial action els jith disappeared a plaint about dar Lawyers are thr habeas corpus app. people who have di lawyers have ac themselves. Journ cise extreme caut disappeared as a the human rights s of journalist Rich disappearance of UNP municipal c Lavinia, co-author are significant bec consciousness of Colombo to the gra
CONCLUSIONS
1) Although the a deny responsibility disappearances, th the State cannot responsibility. Th failed in its duty t order or has condo the security forces
2) The Governm JVP problem was ber 1989. It claim of violence are n North and East of ing to the Governir normalised in th apparent that ma appearances conti

TAMIL TIMES 19
ights e
Chief of Army for he killings and disChief of Army attriis to army deserters sed from the Army. 2fence admitted that ome excesses in the uring the JVP insurd that there was a n underway.
led by accounts of ample, we received six boys who were beheaded and mutiome in uniform) in r allegedly raiding a had been in police ne of the bank raid fore, impossible for n part in the raid. In other reported that bducted in the early ning and two days as left outside her
e discovered many cted in their opera2, trade unions may free trade zones and taking part in insewhere. H.M. Ranfter making a comgerous machinery. latened who make lications on behalf of sappeared and some tually disappeared alists have to exerion and some have result of publicising ituation. The killing ard de Zoysa and
Lakshman Perera,
uncillor for Mount s of a satirical play
ause this raised the
the middleclass of vity of the situation.
my and authorities for the killings and a scale is such that be absolved from State has either maintain law and ned the activities of
nt claims that the resolved in Decemthat any problems w restricted to the Sri Lanka. Accordent, the situation is South, but it is ly killings and dis
le.
3) It seems clear to the delegation that many people are affected by a climate of fear and terror in the country. If this continues, it is feared that there will be retaliation and blood baths in the future.
4) Fear of economic collapse has fuelled the intimidation and the continuation of the underlying climate of violence and repression. 5) The growth of human rights groups illustrates an increasing will to find a solution to the problems of the country through peaceful and democratic
eaS.
6) For a lasting solution, mutual trust and harmony among various communities should be promoted. No distinction should be made on the basis of caste, race, ethnicity, religion or language. Human, civil and democratic rights of all communities should be guaranteed in actual practice by the state, legal process and law and order forces in the country.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1) According to President Premadasa the latest foreign aid package to Sri Lanka shows that the Government's programmes and policies are endorsed by the whole world. (Reported in the Sri Lanka Daily News, Monday October 29th, 1990). Despite the European Council of Ministers’ Declaration of October 1990 linking aid to human rights in Sri Lanka, which we welcome, we feel that there must be a real mechanism to identify progress in human rights and law and order, before any further aid packages are agreed.
2) We support the visit of the United Nations sub-committee on Disappearances and Human Rights vhich vas accepted by the Minister of Defence for February 1991.
3) We support an investigation into disappearances by an independent body and would support the resolution of the Sri Lankan Bar Council for an enquiry by an independent Commission.
4) We wish to encourage increased cooperation between the Government and the International Red Cross.
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Page 20
20 TAMIL TIMES
Continued From Page 10
district, damaged during the early weeks of the confrontation, has been a job priority. She shrugs off the conflict as not part of her job. We met Sarojini in the office of Colonel Cyril Ratnayake, the retired army officer turned Civil Affairs Officer of the district. Sarojini was discussing the repair of a water pump at the police station.
Alienating the people
Colonel Ratnayake seems to be the repository of complaints of missing persons and those taken into custody. Speaking Tamil with the same fluency as he does Sinhalese, he listens patiently to the men and women who have members of their family missing or arrested by the security forces.
It is the same sad tale. "My husband has been taken in by the army. And I don't know where he is, wails a young woman with an infant in her arms.
We make the same plea to Col. Ratnayake that we did to officialdom and the army in other places. Take people into custody if you have to but let their families know why they are being held, and where, even if you don't let them have access to them. That seems to be
the first step in buildi the state machinery. uncertainty is only alia ple, driving them into
"We are fighting a w, army colonel in Vav senseless war where each other'. He refus into a discussion of pol ary solutions, but in tried to bridge the fra communal divide. “I was talking to an ol ger. He was about asked him whether he had only a few more ye he said. I asked him ti believed in re-birth. Ye What if you were born next birth. He looked understood what I wa across to him.
It was something w through to the survivor massacre at Tanthrim grief a young man at hall in Yasodagama, a where the incident oc anger directed at every are Tamils, so every Ta To him there was no ol It momentarily unnerv to him.
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confidence in The fear and ating the peoe other camp. says a young niya. It is a re are killing
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Tamil. "Tigers mil is a Tigerʼ. her reasoning. 2d me listening
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Page 21
15 NOVEMBER 1990
NEWS ROUND-UP
O THE CAR IN WHICHEPRLF leader and Member of Parliament S. Premachandran was travelling with an escort jeep was followed by a jeep belonging to the army with armed persons who used foul and abusive language and displayed their weapons in a threatening manner on 12 October. On the following day the jeep belonging to the EPRLF Vanni MP, Mr. Kuganeswaran was hijacked in the vicinity of the Borella market in Colombo and its two occupants, the driver and the MP's bodyguard were abducted. In a statement, the EPRLF leader said that he had sufficient reasons to suspect sections of the security forces were employing terror-tactics against the EPRLF and threatened that its MPs would quit parliament if these type of incidents were repeated. O ALTHOUGH THE LITTE has lost men and territory, the war would continue until Tamil Eelam was achieved. "Bombs can destroy buildings, houses, places of worship and schools, but not moral power and courage', said LTTE leader Veluppillai Prabhakaran in a statement read out at a mass meeting held in Vadamarachchi in northern Jaffna on October 15 to commemorate the suicide of 12 LTTE leaders in October 1987. LTTE spokesman Anton Balasingham told the assembled crowd that the Tigers were prepared to talk with Colombo but on their own terms. "There can be no cease-fire. Talks can be held while the fighting goes on'. O AT LEAST 20 CIVILIANS were shot dead by the Special Task Force (STF) on October 13 at Karaitivu in the eastern Amparai district after a group of prisoners escaped from a STF camp. A spokesman for the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation (TELO) said that STF personnel ran amok in the Karaitivu village after a group of Muslim youths in custody at the local STF camp escaped in a waiting car and the shooting took place shortly afterwards. The residents counted 18 bodies in the village and said that two more people were shot on the periphery of the village. O GOVERNMENT SOURCES claimed that the Kankesanthurai Cement Factory and the Harbour were taken back from LTTE control by security forces in a combined army-navy-airforce operation on 22 October. A Reuter report said that 30 Tigers and seven soldiers were killed in the operation. The army claimed to have captured the small town of Myliddy, the eighth town to fall since the offensive began a week earlier.
O TWELVE SINHALA civilians, including three women and five children, were hacked and shot to death on 23 October in the
Continued From Page 6
applying the normal rules for entry into India.
"People here seem to think they have a God-given right to come to India and get upset when we try and ask them why they want to go, and how they intend to support themselves', said one official.
The High Commission receive on an average 400 applications and grants between 275 to 300 visas every day, which on a rough calculation would mean that 25 per cent of applicants are rejected.
Indian diplomats admit that young men from the north and east are screened carefully, and are asked to show that they had the means to support themselves in India. "There is an awful lot of drug trafficking and gold smuggling going on, and we are very careful to try and screen out people who could be couriers'.
High Commission officials also point out that it is extremely easy to get a passport in Sri Lanka, and there are a number of people who have three and four passports. 'We have to be careful not to allow into India anyone who we feel might indulge in anything illegal', he said. -
Local Tamils say get a visa to Indi back, and feel that ment has definitely Lankan Tamils col cially after the ki leaders in Madras
Peculiar relatio complaints about t trate the peculiar r na man has witl outbreak of the wa north and east wh India when the IP once again start “mother India', an India has a respon Tamils in Sri Lan not abdicate. As p bility, they feel the to travel freely to In petty visa restrictio
South Londor Christmas (
Saturday, 22nd at 3. at St Nich Church Lane,
For further deta Mr. Ashbury ol

TAMIL TIMES 21
farming village of Kokabe in the Tantrimale district. About 50 armed men had stormed the village from the Medawachchiya and Mankulam jungles. Police sources accused the Tigers of being responsible for the massacre.
O THE NEWLY FORMED “Mothers Front, a human rights organisation, has received more than 100,000 letters from all over the country, giving details of people missing, or presumed dead. An appeal has been made by the Front calling for details of secondary and tertiary students who have been missing since 1987. A spokesman for the Front said that there were over 2000 letters giving details of people missing in Matara alone. O EVEN AFTER THIS WAR with the Tigers is over, the army will be supplemented with an additional 100,000 recruits, State Minister for Defence Ranjan Wijeratne said on 27 October addressing soldiers at the Palali Airforce base in Jaffna in the course of his tour of Vasavilan, Thellipalai and KKS Cement factory.
O FIVE SINHALA villagers were killed on 27 October at Suriyatenna in the Thanthrimale district. About 25 armed cadres stormed the village at about 11am as the farmers worked in the fields. Police blamed the Tigers for the attack.
O MORE THAN 50,000 Muslims had been chased out from Mannar with only the clothes they were wearing; 15,000 of them had fled in 300 boats in a rush to keep within the deadline of 31 October issued to them by the Tigers and sought refuge at Kalpitiya (90 kilometres away towards the south), Sri Lanka Muslim Congress said in a statement.
O SIX SOLDIERS and eleven villagers were killed in a Tiger ambush in the early hours of 1 November in a Sinhala settlement at Weli Oya in the Trincomalee district. O TWO ARMY BATTALIONS landed on the Mannar island on 1 November for a major military offensive against the LTTE. The Air Force was providing air cover, to advancing troops while naval gunboats secured the coast. Security forces were in the process of 'clearing the island and securing it to pave the way for the return of the thousands of Muslims who had fled their homes from the region, State Minister for Defence Ranjan Wijeratne said at a news conference in Colombo. ༈ O ARMY SOURCESCLAIMED that government forces had retaken control of the Mannar town while consolidating positions in the Pallimunai area; at the same time, soldiers from the Thalladi army camp had moved towards the Mannar causeway. The troops had located two LTTE offices in the Mannar Doctors' quarters and another building close to Mannar Kachcheri. An underground bunker was also located close to the Mannar railway station.
7 it was far easier to a a couple of years the Indian Governtightened up on Sri ming to India, espeling of the EPRLF by the LTTE.
nship: The Tamil he visa system illuselationship the Jaff. India. With the r, the Tamils of the o were so critical of KF was here, have ed talking about feel-strongly that sibility towards the ka which it should Art of this responsiy should be allowed dia untramelled by
S.
Tamil Church (arol Service
December 1990 30pm las Church, London SW17
's, please contact: 0815424737
Continued From Page 7
the 'genocidal war launched by the Premadasa government. On the other hand, Tamil militant groups PLOTE, ENDLF, TELO and EPDP have gravitated towards the government and are reported to be helping government forces in their war effort against the LTTE. In this new development, the EPDP under the leadership of Douglas Devananda is reported to have been heavily armed by the government and the cadres of this group are closely working with the Sri Lankan army. Recently, State Minister for Defence, Ranjan Wijeratne announced publicly that the government was supplying weapons to LTTE's rival Tamil groups.
However, it appears that the EPRLF has so far turned down overtures from the Minister to join forces. Recent threats to EPRLF MPs and the hijacking of the Vanni MP's vehicle and abduction of its occupants including the driver in the heart of Colombo allegedly by members of the armed forces would seem to be an indirect way of telling the EPRLF that unless it accepts the invitation to join forces with the government, the physical security of its leaders and MPs cannot be guaranteed.

Page 22
22 TAMIL TIMES
READERS
FORUM
HUMAN RIGHTS AND LITTE
SACHI SRI KANTHA has challenged (Readers Forum, Ta m i l Times, September '90) Jehan Perera to show a State which originated in the past two centuries without violating "the human
rights of other people'. Suggesting that
many States were established in their present form by violating the human rights of many powerless ethnic groups, he asks, "So what is this nonsense of hypothetical idealism of nonviolation of the "human rights of other people?”
The argument of Sachi Sri Kantha seems to be that it is nonsensical and hypothetical idealism to expect the LTTE not to violate the human rights of other people — Sinhalese and Muslims - in the pursuit of its aim to establish its independent State of Eelam, and therefore no one should condemn the LTTE for killing civilian Sinhalese not only in the North-East, but also those in the North Central province as they have done many times in the recent past. If this argument is right, then those extremist Sinhala chauvinist forces which want to turn Sri Lanka into a State of the Sinhala-Buddhists only can also without the fear of condemnation seek to kill or otherwise violate the human rights of Tamils, Muslims, Christians and Hindus in the pursuit of their aim!
Even though people like Sachi Sri Kantha may not be concerned about the human rights of other people', what has he got to say about the grave violations of the human rights, including killing, of the members of the Tamil community itself? Does he think it is justifiable in the pursuit of the struggle for the establishment of the
. Eelam State to:
(a) physically eliminate by killing members of other Tamil political parties and groups, militant or otherwise, on the basis of the claim by the LTTE to be the 'sole representatives of the Tamil people'?
(b) kill leaders of even unarmed political parties, for example, like the TULF leaders Mr. A. Amirthalingam and Mr. V. Yogeswaran? (I recall Sachi Sri Kantha once comparing Mr. Amirthalingam to Mahathma Gandhi and Mujibur Rahaman of Bangladesh);
(c) murder Tamil Government Agents like Panchalingam, Anthonipillai and Ramanathan and educationists like Principal Anandarajah and University don Dr. Rajini Thiranagama?
(d) kidnap Tamils and hold them until the demanded ransom is paid by relatives living abroad? Abduct Tamil
and Muslim busines amounting to million
(e) take over, con severe restrictions a all Tamil newspap Tamil areas?
(f) take control of and administration of Jaffna and appoint : armed young man t over the Vice Chance
(g) forcibly and ( Tamil children, girl young as ten and ele even reached the age force them into the lethal automatic weal cyanide capsules to c
(h) issue an order the effect that their attend school after th after which they shou effort;
(i) prevent people fr areas in search of ph compel them on pain tens of thousands of jewellery or quantities for issuing "visas' to e where they fear violen selves or their childre
(j) forcibly collect m refugees in westerr Switzerland, Germar nmark, Norway and
Kenton Lane, Kenton, UK.
GOING TOO FA
PARTS OF THE lette the Editor, congratul Tamil Times compl publication and comm on the present situa have been published heading, which needs
Along with the gre people, I have been and praying for thi L.T.T.E. in their herc us our legitimate righ to those who had laic and admiring the col they were unflinching ly pursuing their goa
As Mr. Sri Kant letter, "if the L.T.T.F Tamil people will be trials and tribulatio through all these y blood, the tears, the have shed, would pr would be plunged b from which they we Cle S.
I have lived throug was our dear land, communal riots, of vastation. I was in M when Senevaratn
 

5 NOVEMBER'1990
men for ransom of rupees?
ol, and impose censorship on s published in
he management he University of me ill-educated exercise control lor? herwise recruit and boys, as en, who had not of discretion and ractice of using ons and carrying mmit suicide? o all parents to inildren need not e eight standard d help in the war
om leaving Tamil sical safety and of death to give rupees and gold of gold in return scape from areas it death to themn? oney from Tamil | countries like ly, Holland, DeCanada?
K. Thambiah.
\R TORUN
r I had written to ating him on the ting nine years ending his views ;ion in our land, under the above
clarification.
at mass of Tamil ervently wishing
success of the
c struggle to win ts, paying tribute down their lives rage with which ly and relentless
S. han says in his is defeated, the lefeated'. All the s we have gone ars, the toil, the sweat our boys' ve futile and we ck into the gulf fighting to res
the inferno that ll these years of killings and deaha Oya in 1958,
was killed in
Valaichenai and witnessed the bloody backlash triggered by it and came to Point Pedro in a sailing boat along with many refugees.
In 1977 my daughter, husband and children, then living in Kegalle District, managed to escape with their lives when their house and all their belongings were set on fire and destroyed. In 1983, when a Ceylon Army truck was ambushed at Thirunelvely and thirteen soldiers were killed, the Ceylon Army went berserk and killed many people. About a dozen schoolboys returning from a tutory in a bus were pulled out, lined up and shot. Four of them were sons of my old pupils.
Then came the IPKF, whose brutalities and ruthlessness cast into shade those of the Ceylon Army.
From September 1987, for days and nights, almost at a stretch, they fired shells into residential areas and unleashed a massacre unknown in history. Panic-stricken men, women, chilldren and infants, who cowered into bunkers were killed and their corpses left to rot and decay. Relatives from other places, who had gone to see them after a month or two, saw to their horror, only skeletons.
On 18th October 1987, my 85th birthday, shells rained all round my house, some hitting a part of the house and it is a miracle I am living to tell the tale - hundreds of people perished during this period. Many of my relatives and friends were among them. Pictures of these gruesome sights appeared in the newspapers.
This reign of terror continued unabated till the first part of 1988 and continued, in a lesser degree, till the end of the year - then, when the President of Sri Lanka and the 'L.T.T.E. began talking to each other in a climate of mutual trust, we breathed sighs of relief and hoped that the nightmarish days had ended.
1989 was a year of economic growth and tranquility. Happiness shone in peoples' faces, signs of prosperity were seen everywhere, plenty of money flowed in the country, most of it being Gulf money, and there were record crowds of worshippers in temples during the festival seasons.
Then, when the year-old negotiations failed and fighting erupted, there was despair and disappointment, We shuddered to think of a return to the sufferings of the past - we had hoped that a truce, however short it might have been, would give us a much needed respite to rebuild our economy which was in shambles and rehabilitate ourselves, and that the L.T.T.E. could re-start their fight for Eelam after two or three years.
But it was not to be. When Rita Sebastian wrote, "It would be tragic if the L.T.T.E. should let the opportunity of entering mainstream politics slip out

Page 23
15 NOVEMBER 1990
of their hands', she was really voicing the feelings of old people like me and that prompted me to write to the Editor, but I did not mean to say that we would go to ruin.
Now that the fight is raging in our land, we submit ourselves to God's will and pray that our dear land would soon rise mighty and resplendent like the Phoenix from the ashes.
C. Subramaniam Hartside Grange Hartlepool, UK.
INHUMAN PARADISE
I DO appreciate that without advertis
ing revenue no newspaper can be published.
However, I feel that some discretion must be made when you accept advertisements. Perhaps, some amendments could be made.
I refer to an advertisement on your inside cover page in Tamil Times (15 Oct. 1990), I think it is quite misleading to say the least.
Your advertisement says "Paradise' Sri Lanka when in Page 3 your editorial reads "Stop This Inhuman War'.
Dr. Raj Chandran
Shalimar 53 Sheepwalk Lane Ravenshead Nottingham NG159FD
IS EELAM WABLE?
IN ONE of my previous letters (Tamil Times, Sept. 1990), I had mentioned the names of more than 35 recognized countries and territories with areas smaller than Eelam (consisting of a joint North-East province of Sri Lanka). These countries can be broadly categorised as follows: 1) islands, enriched with fishery resources and tropical climate 2) oil-rich countries, such as Kuwait, Quatar, Brunei and Bahrain 3) countries with civil strife, such as Lebanon and Cyprus 4) countries (territories) with industrialized economy, such as Singapore and Hongkong
Of these four categories, Eelam (at present) does not belong to either the oil-rich category or to the industrialized economy category. In physical aspects, it is endowed with fishery resources and tropical climate, but it cannot qualify as an "island', since it has to share the borders with the “Sinhala Sri Lanka. The island Sri Lanka itself has become a Lebanon' or a "Cyprus.
Many "foreign experts' believe that Eelam cannot economically sustain itself, since it lacks plantation lands (tea and rubber) and gemstones, from which Sri Lanka had earned its foreign exchange for the past four decades. In the words of one Australian pessimistic soothsayer, who is an emeritus profes
sor at the A versity,
“The Sri La would be to liv using the sen to convey the and to resist til advocate sepa even if it wer would deny to any real hope as they woul Waterless, po starved north (B.L.C. Johns ment in Sout 1983).
These ‘forei of the historia the white bu elements lan Zealand, Sou America, the this "resource had sustained Long before introduced te central high Tamils living had survived skilful utilizat sources. That mediaeval Asia Northern regic years ago. He that the Tami Eelam “have n They have ses make oil. They brazilwood, the my understand ence to 'wine' is
Regarding M flesh', I wish Soulbury said address to the ing of the Ceyl tion on 23rd Governor Gene the economy Denmark:
"The econom think, will be m long time to coi ral economy should play a part. That mea and attention health, nutritic tle, goats, pigs
“Denmark po or coconut plau little mineral w or oil - and na her soil with ity... (and) he two-thirds (oft "How had De her success is p and colleges, ar given to the edu "Though it m rival Denmar should, do a g

stralian National Uni
ka Tamils wisest course as law-abiding citizens, tive democratic system wishes to government pse of their number who ation. The latter path, physically practicable, the Sri Lanka Tamils f development, confined be to the relatively werless and resourceand the east coast'. n, in his book, DevelopAsia, Penguin Books,
gn experts' are ignorant al fact that long before ccaneers and criminal led in Australia, New th Africa and North amils had been living in starved” Eelam and it
them for generations. the British colonialists and rubber into the ands of Ceylon, the in the Eelam territory for centuries by their ion of the available regreat chronicler of the , Marco Polo visited the in of Ceylon almost 700 had left it to posterity Ils of the 13th century O grain other than rice. same, from which they have an abundance of best in the world'. In ing, Marco Polo's refer$ mone other than kallu.
arco Polo’s reference to to reflect what Lord 37 years ago. In his Annual General Meeton Veterinary AssociaMay 1953, the then ral of Ceylon compared of Ceylon to that of
y of Ceylon is, and, I ainly agricultural for a he, and in an agricultulivestock plays, and extremely important hs that very great care must be paid to the n and breeding of catund poultry. . .
sesses no tea, rubber tations, and has very alth - no iron ore, coal ture has not endowed ny exceptional fertilterritory is less than at of Ceylon). . . mark done it? I think rtly due to her schools the agricultural bias ation of her people. . . y never be possible to , Ceylon can, and eat deal more in the
TAMIL TIMES 23
sphere of livestock production than she, has done...' (Ceylon Veterinary Journal, Sept. 1953).
The economic planners of Eelam would benefit much if they heed the suggestions of Soulbury for designing the economic model of Eelam. Without tea and rubber plantations and without gemstones, Eelam can be viable if we plan for it.
Sachi Sri Kantha Medical College of Pennsylvania, 3300 Henry Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
CONTINUING SUPPORT
PLEASE keep up the great work you are doing. As long as you continue to provide an impartial and objective outlook on Sri Lankan affairs from a Tamil point of view, you can count on my continuing support. None of the other equivalent publications I have come across can match your editorial quality.
Wishing your staff all the best,
Kumar Rasiah 47 Arthur Street Strathfield West England
SEEKING DIVINE HELP
MR. RANJAN WIJERATNE is able to talk 'big' as he has aerial strike force. The L.T.T.E. have not been able to defend against aerial attack. They need extra help to win freedom for the Tamils.
We read in the Bible that the Israelite Kings prayed to God for help when they had to fight stronger armies and God fought their battles and gave them victory. I refer the readers to the following verses in the Bible:-
2nd Chronicles Chapter 14 verses 11,12. Chapter 20 verses 12,15, 17,24,27. Chapter 32 verses 8,2122,23. -
Tamils are religious people - be they Hindus or Christians. I recommend that the LTTE leaders and other concerned Tamils - be they Hindus or Christians, pray to Jesus Christ for help in this hour of calamity, and I am sure that the good Lord will fight our battle and defeat the better equipped Sri Lankan forces.
R. Benedict. 88 Hope Street Auckland 8
GOLDEN ERA
IT IS reported that LTTE is extorting from the Tamils two gold sovereigns from families in the North-East of Sri Lanka.
Is this the Golden era (POTT KALAM) that the LTTE had been promising for the Tamils of Sri Lanka? A. Kumaran 24 Buckleigh Road London SW16

Page 24
24 TAMIL TIMES པ་ང་བ་ ༧་པ་
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Jaffna Hindu father seeks groom for only daughter, 27, in government employment, British citizen, Mars afflicted. M430 C/o Tamil Times. Practising Tamil Catholic doctor, 53, fit, kind, seeks pleasant, educated, attractive partner, 30-40, photo appreciated. Religion, nationality immaterial. M435 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu sister seeks partner for accountant brother, 30, in employment in London, Mars afflicted. Send horoscope, details to M 436 C/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu brother seeks suitable bridegroom for his sister, 34, living in U.K. Reply with horoscope. M 437 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu brothers seek educated groom for sister, 35, looks much younger, Stenotypist. Reply with full details. M 438 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu parents seek attractive educated partner for handsome son, 24, Malaysian citizen, Australian qualified mechanical engineer working in Kuala Lumpur. Send details, horoscope to M 439 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu brother seeks partner with permanent residence for sister, 37, in good employment. Write with details to M 440 c/o Tamil Times.
Tamil Hindu male, 34, 5'8", graduate seeks
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Private Tuition Tuition Available Pure/Applied Mathematics, O/A Level, Physics O level. Homes visited London/Reading. Tel: 0635 62675.
TOronto Senior Tamils' Centre
The following are the office-bearers elected for the year 1990/91 at the Annual General Meeting held on 22nd September 1990.
President: Fred Balasingham, Vice-President: Siva Gnanaratnam, Secretary: Siva S. Nathan, Treasurer: Candiah Kanagalingam, Committee: Aloy Ratnasingham, (Past President),
Kanagambigai Ragunathan, Mani Pathmarajah, C.T. Wijeyrajah, Ranji Hubert, Sam Jeyatheva, S. Tharmalingam.
:#సపనసిసిపి,
OBITUAR
Mrs Dhanalakshmy Nan Head Teacher, Sandilipay Sri Lanka, beloved moth (U.K.), Rajani (Sri Lanka Srikumar (U.S.A.), Nalini
dakumar (West Germa Lanka), & Sooriyakumar
in-law of Jegatheeswa, Gunaseelan, Sivakumar,
Dhushiyanthakumar; gran than, Viroshini, Sujani, Kiruthika, Saranka, and P in Colombo on 1.11.90
London E17 7PX, Tel: 08
K. Nagarajah (formerly partment, Sri Lanka, ar lrrigation Department, Si lately of L.G. Mouchel expired on 8th Novembe, on Sunday 11th Nover Surrey. He was the son c Kanagasabapathy of brother of the late Karak singam, Late Mrs. Kathi palasingam, and Ananth, band of Nagula, loving Kala and Ruby; father Jones and Yesmin dea Selina, Trisha and Jeeve South, Wallington, Surre 8384. Mrs. Emily Pushpam years), widow of the late tham, mother of Kirupam Pararasan, Vijayan, Kar peacefully on 15. 11.9( 24. 11.90 at Folkestone. Road, Folkestone, Ke 42O51.
 
 
 

hasivayam, retired Maha Vidyalayam, er of Rajakumaran ), Pathmini (U.K.), (Sri Lanka), Ananny), Ramani (Sri (Canada); mothery, Wijayaratnam, Aruleswary & Dr. d mother of Sujanlalantharai, Jalani, iriyan passed away - 4 Lorne Road, 1 509 1263.
of the irrigation Ded of Drainage and bah, Malaysia) and
& Partners, U.K., . Funeral took place ber at Wallington, f the late Mr. & Mrs. Wallur, Sri Lanka, singam, Mrs. Jegaanalaipillai, Thanarajah; beloved husather of Chandran, in-law of Nicholas rest grandfather of n - 50 Sandy Lane , U.K. Tel: O81 647
Arulanantham (85 Rev. J.T. Arulananany Karunananthan, inyan passed away
Funeral held on - 3 St. Johns Church nt, U.K. Tel: 0303
15 NoveMBER 1990
IN MEMORAM
P.V. Nadarajah Born: 13.9, 1926 Passed away: 16.11.88.
Fondly remembered on the second anniversary of his passing away by his loving wife Thilagavathy, children Usha Sivanathan, Varathan, Nalini Rajan and Nanthini, sons-inlaw Sivanathan and Rajan.
In loving memory of our father Velupillai Alfred Thurairajah on the first anniversary of his passing away on 17.11.89. Times may change, but Memories of you never fade. in our hearts you will always stay loved and remembered everyday.
Sadly missed by his loving wife Daisy Sebamany and daughters indranee (Canada), Pathmaranee (U.K.), Sounthararanee (Sri Lanka), Thevaranee (U.K.), Luxumy (Sri Lanka) and Swarna (Canada) - 21 Abbotts Way, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire.
Master Kewasan 10th April 1973 - 7th November 1986
in Loving Memory of Master Kesavan, our dear son on the fourth anniversary of his passing away under tragic circumstances.
We all miss you very much darling and long for all the love and affection you bestowed on us. Fondly remembered for ever by father Dr. Somasunderam, mother Chitra, brother Sanjeevan, Granny, Uncle Sam Rajah and Aunty Gina - all from U.K. - 32 Copperfield Road, Cheadle Hulme, Cheshire, SK8 7PN.

Page 25
15 NOWEMBER 1990
owing Terrory of Mr. Kanapathyplai Kanagasabai on the first arriversary of his Passing away on 30 g.
Sady mrsseď and ordy remembered by his sons Chandramohan, Dr. Indramohan ad Surendrarnahan; Soft-fr7-law Wiswendra, daughters-in-law Sugirtharani, Dr. Pathnini. and Sarojini, and grand-children Sarkar, Latha, Geetha, Aravimdhan and Rishayіпі —
f54 Quebec Strees, Bolor, Larcs. E35LX,
Mr. Arunasalam Subrarnaniam, Afforrnay ar lako, Uru/Tapiray, Sri Lanka, born J.B. S. Passed away of 70, 7, 1987. His beloved we MгS., Kugaпеgwaгу Subramaniam, born І9. ?. 1922 да55gd a Way exacfy Fwa ygars Afer on 7 , 77': 'g5g, They are sadly missed and forldly remembered on the arriversary of their passing away by their children Қаппап and Rohini, Haran amd Rathy, Gowrian RM) Madaraja'i, Rupart and Sframkari, lanan al Si Valloganathar, Narthana and Abhin,
Faganar and Dhakshinigrandchildren Sug: and Shamishi, Fasihan and Divya, Shiran
la Favèrera, Marisha, Waisrav Erld Arari,
Subarn: Their marTlories aro freshimhe HTEdгі5 and finds of their children and grad Ch. dет. – 29DerwөлгDrivg Purlay, Surgy CR2
7 ERLER
Wated AN postcards ower 50 years old of Ceylon, Wilf pay fifty perce each. Mr. Webb, 84 Cheverely
Ауапша, Salisbury, Wilts. Telephone (O722) 337.363.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
December 86.00pm ArLumuga Navalar Day Celebrations as Graverley School Hall, "eham Road, London Swi, Aw welcome. December 87.00pm Academy of Arts presens Walli Thirumanam'' — Óance Drama 1af Varley Confertainment af The Bhavn Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London Wii
9HQ. For defails Tel 03-95 高öf岳5ö9
23.
Dec. 15 6.30pm South London Tami School P.T.A. presents Christmas Dinér Disco at Heath Clark High School Hay Cooper Road. Waddor. Čroydaw. For firfrafo Tel 085gg75g 25,654
3.
Wayanarhanalaya presents קזחסטD.7 15 ;םEם Bharata Natya Arangetram of Dellarney Chitra daughter of Mr. Mrs. Murugrah of 27 Slonelergh Road, Clayhaw, Essex G5B and pupil of Mrs. Vijayambikaf Indrakumara Acton Town Hall, London W3. DeC, 15 7.00pm Kathak perfor Tance by SLushmita Ghosh af thg Bhawan Čerifra, ďA Castelown Road, London W4 Teoz3
E.
Pec. 157.30pm South London Tamil Weifare Group presents Christmas Dinner Disco as The Air Trairing Carlos Hal, go Marlon Raad Eau Wirrado, Lord SW79. For details Tel di SAg ያፖ†£5.
Dec. 226. Opins.c DiSCO ÏTard of Relie Tamil Homelands Ĝreawes Placg, coff SW. For sickets AAN ASTF2.
Dec. 237.00pm Nath Violin Duet by Sang ni Indrakumar and
Wetplllaial Wesden Road, London NWi.
E235 .
Dec. 297.00pm. The the University of Jaf Diriyar Dance af Win Way, off Bury Street, fickets fellephong Ogg
CHRIS FOR PEACE
Our Thari braharsar WCWTh-East of Sri Larik WP:Fri:Y Cinig gericada Frič Flärt erssor f Maw Year, Barhar ho hlave been Tada பேர Tamils of human pas Modo she Tarnis resia Yrpäshisa Wilh cursis Trrergrāgs s: Suffering Ir вxдressing broffers ara sisters.. ar апазШfaring, washal, a Lessiyakiys an fontroyrt Chriss as arid Ngwa
Special cards for Chris I've betyr desgred with ff) To spores: cur felin hami' brohers andsis te Ré ¥r CCYFM Thuriy articut Turiyang flict shall they are ser Cirrigadirigy gerlockade in Šri L dvailable he proceeds fr Cards fossadard close #1 the North-E.
"М3 isаг7 ядроа! to re Pesso LP BLy ffilés car 5em fler o your rela
laraka Ardabroad; send, huraiaran, பran ழ religious and furiding org. $ryg s a hurridiar JLIS.C. his could bey ihè двода,
Ρίβειξε ring E αΜαιν 'Our Cards: L: 5-532795gg So58T i HSG SISI,
L45A: 3PT 53] 5g7d ALISfrAsia: Sf3 d4 f5
Gatholic Associa
175 Lewisham High Stree L01CdO SE 3 SA
| The London Tam Christmas Ca Sunday, 16th Dece Watch Nigh
Moday, 31st Decem (Coffee. Afte
Al Are W
at The Methodist Chu Avenue, Putney, For further details Mr. D.C. Jay,
O81-642
 

.O.T. preserts Dinner. & Rehabilitation in the at Lola Jones Hal, Garfari lang, London el: 87 87098gZygg
la Widyalaya presens a eetha Wild Wan Kalawaher sishya Thuvaraka "Green Library, 95 нмgh
Frickis (Big
League of Friends of
fna presents the Annual for Churchi HaM, Pinn Ruislip, Middlesex. For 3.2255.23g.
TMAS E & JUSTICE
1r Sislers spirig Irhe 3 Art Bf ref
lിറ്റ് thë Essbrafrg Chrslas gr മറ്റ് br;Thനig 285. We are no more
ris, b/frare refugags, "r?g 0LJfsiñds Sri Lanka 3r"5 arlof" traffhgrs ra F. gris, pairary Our Solidarity with or d sharing in thir griaf Borgi55F5 *ff 3530 LiBł j1 Ir fasfiwiiifies.
frr:Ars New Year?"Ponga ha? Pre-sold purpose: 95 of solidarity with our ro in Sri Lanka;27 ábout thepight of th hafe fiherriaWareggaffing Horia5.5es It Ilg Gwnfa; an' (3) Tu Tak of the såle af hese
ரிச் பிரேlace Thr
FJL'of alcoorlogfigg s fri farge Lurritors; ES foi frill i sherri fra infarraioa
ls, political, social, är 757 förts. This ac wr 58Yllooet of Fixategardo a was bringing Chrisri
Liffers order
335 570 5357
lion of Thamis (UK) l,
il Congregation rol Service
‘mber at 3.45pm it Service
ber 1990 at 11pm ërwards) είταrηρ
rCh, GWendoler London SW15
please contact arajah on 5598
Humu
TAMIL TIMES 25
An Arangetram of Professional class
The Bharafa Maya Ár:ArgFfrSrr of 16 "gar öld பரிசி Amirthagam,Twhich or ag The Broadway Theatre, Barking recently, was presented fry Vijayanarthanalaya (Academу Indian Arts), with Aruntha's Mistrious Gr, Mrs. Wijayambigai Indra Kumar conducting a Maffuwargart. It is creditable Aruraha had (earmť fra Art fr? JLS three years Under the fuselage of Vijayanibga.
The programme corning need with a sprighly Bharatnayas and Alarippu, a flood of orange light ushering Aruntha on to the stage, setting the serTipo for the items so follow. With flawless rhythm Arusha did justice to the Jathiswaran in Raga Waral and Tala Adi. A Shabdartı in Ragamalikai and Misrarı dedicalled to Lord Natarajar dancing superneal Thisai Arribalan served to introduce bhava adequately,
The piece de resistance of the repertoire, the Pada warnan in Wachaspar and Adi de. picted Arusha as a love-orn sass anxiously waiting for the arrival of her lover, Lord Murugar, The long and difficuff Jahis, desvered With Lurierting precision by Мїауаглbigai, blanded harmoniously With the shishiya's footwork, making it a delight to watch. The confluence of the lyrics of K. M. Balasubraria. miam, Which were wery moving: The music compasition by Madura T. Sathuraman he singing of Sri K. Rajasekharan from Madras, so fulf of bhava. Vijayarnbigai's choreographу abounding with elegant abhinaya and ät sarchari bhavas; the rhythm of Sri Karaikudy Krishnamurth at mridangam and the melody of Dr. Lakshmi Jayan at violin found their outlet in Aruntha's very satisfactory interporgfason of the the TTG dos ofte Wartarr, ging if à profoSSICTal frlish,
The second half of the repertoire saw a Padar7), Javas and Tha Waffu danced in sLfcCession providing ample scope to explore the realms of bhava in a more leisurely and specialised pace. The thalafiu deplicfirg Mother Yasodhagently swaying the cradle to pLit Krishna ko slger proved ko be a hit. The Programme Concluded with a lively. Thiara which was studded with excellent poses,
Frofessor Silta MarasinTnhar Frort Carmbridge University, who was the Chief Guest, aptly summed up the performance by saying that she relived an evening at Kalāksforfa, Madras. Yes, it was an Arangefram of Prosessiола| Class.
- Mrs. Yoga. Thillainathan.

Page 26
26 TAM TIMES
Mridangam Arangetram
What can an eight year old do in London with the mridangam, considered the most ancient of all Indian percussion instruments? On the 27th of October young Marino, son of Mr. and Mrs. Kumarathasan provided the answer to a packed audience at the Bhavan.
Following the example of his brother Angello whose Arangetram took place last year, Marino gave a scintilating performance on the mridangam to mark his debut.
His guru Sri Muthu Sivaraja's patience, persistence and perseverance is paving the way for many young artistes in and around London to perfect their musical talents. Marino is a shining example of this.
With his guru's blessings Marino sought advanced training from Sri T. V. Gopalakrishnan presently one of India's foremost musiCians. TWG renowned for his mastery of both the mridangam and vocal music and hailed as Sangeetha Laya Samrat and Gana Kala Bharat, received the President's award last month. TVG was there in person and his virtuosity with ragas and thalas helped Marino demonstrate the fullness of his repertoire. There was the traditional Vathapi Ganapathim in Hamasthwani and Adi thalam and Ananda Nadamaduvar Thillai in Poorvikalyani and Rupaka thalam. TVG excelled on Nanna Brovu in the raga Lalitha and the piece was set to the rather more complex Misrachapu thalam and Marino rose to the challenge with commendable ease.
The highlight was the song Thaye Yasoda in the raga Thodiset to Adithalam.
FVG showed a fascinating extension of the pallavi and the graded use of the time-scale through three stages. Marino once again stuck to his task and came off with flying colours earning great praise from his gurus. The 'thaniavarthanam' kept the audience spell-bound. The second half was a mixed bag of items including many Bajans.
TVG was accompanied on the violin by Sri Thiruvarur Kothandapani, Sri Bharathan on the Ganjira, Sri Angello Kumarathasan on the Gadam, Sri Sithamparanathan on the Morsing and Sri Muthu Sivarajah on the Tabla. Sri Sivanandi Adigal, Head of London Meikandaar Atheenan was Chief Guest and Sri Stanislaus was Guest Speaker.
Sivakumar.
A Carnatic Conce
Sri Lankan Tamils wil section of the ethnic grc to show great partial Natyam in their cultural side veena is handled t but concert programme rare. Among vocalists a sakthi Sivanesan, Ma Saraswathi Pakiari Gunaseelan have bec sionally. But rarer still : this climate a singu Graveney School Hall November last by an up Yogeswaran provided a
Popularly known as 'E being christened as suc Krupananda Variar bec imitative style of the la darajan, the young and held the audience spellbc more than two hours. keerthamams, perfect e rastharam and time me: by a full ensemble of ins the day with acclaim. Vi was provided by Lakshr figure whose services a many a musician in Lond the mirudangam, Chidan gatam and Srinivasan provided an enjoyable
Kuravanji - a d by Lakshmi Art C The dance drama stage London on 20, 10.90 was with a cast of over thirt fanging from around five
it is not an easy task numbers of children, a variation in age and apti ties in organising the a surroundings, the achi commendable and the seem to be appreciative
The dance performan nananthan who played valli and Wanathi Nithia three important roles de they were among the f maturity and skill neC. demands of a serious th in Kuravanji. The perfor children in group dance
l do, however, like tc COmmentS, not all rela formance, in the interest future performances,
One thing which the Cultural activities in Lor of discipline. Programs and people talk and chil artistes perform.
Things were better a October than on other But something could ha parents or the organise children were seated qi ence when they finishe
Another matter which considerable distractio) did the nattuvangam, h, range of activities incl orchestra and the occ full view of the audie, been avoided by better probably by having th, hind screen as in man
 

15 NOVEMBER 1990
of Distinction
form a sizeable is in London seen towards Bharata ciety. On the music some lady artistes if this category are Wladies like Sivaini Sriskandaraja, a and Padmini appearing occay male vocalist in r concert at the Tooting, on 10th ld coming musician are treat.
athu Seerkali' after by the venerable use of his perfect Seerkazhi Govinibrant Yogeswaran ind thatevening for good selection of unciation, swarapsure, accompanied umentalists Carried lin accompaniment i Jayan, a familiar re sought after by On. Krupakaran on baranathan on the on the muharsing oncordance in the
thani avardanam, a familiar feature in any concert programme. The lead given by Krupakaran was commendable.
Young Yogeswaran is gifted with a natural and powerful voice which could reach the higher octaves with ease, and his control of sruthi is remarkable. According to one of the speakers that evening it was revealed that Yogeswaran, from his very young age used to follow the singing of Seerkazhi Govindarajan in cassettes and like the epical Ekalaiva imbibed the master's style and manner scrupulously. No doubt it is a great achievement. While being satisfied with this much of achievement if this enterprising young singer could further his knowledge and practice for a few months by being under a classical master like Maharajapuram Santhanam, T. M. Thiagarajan or T.N. Kalyanaraman, he can be assured of a great future.
- S. Sivapatha Sundaram.
ance drama entre, London d at the Logan Hall, an ambitious project y children with ages
to the late teens.
to train such large ind, given the wide tude and the difficulctivity in alien social evement was quite large audience did and receptive.
Xes of Chitra Satkuhe part of Vasanthaanthan who played serve Comment, and ew who showed the assary to meet the eme Such as the One nance of the Smaller
was graceful.
make a few Critical 2d to the stage perof betterstandards in
audience at Tamil don lacks is a Sense 'eldom start on time, ren run around while
Logan Hall on 20th CCasions elsewhere. e been done by the s to ensure that the etly among the auditheir part on-stage. Caused concern and was the guru' who ving to control a wide ling the lighting, the Sional prompting, in e. This Could have tage managementor orchestra partly bedance events.
There was some lack of consistency in the Costumes and there were obvious, but avoidable lapses in some of them. Careful costume design is far more important to dance dramas than dry-ice smoke clouds which are more appropriate to the silver screen and modern stage. Costume design, to be effective, does not have to be expensive, and tradition has adequate power and potential to deal with themes of this nature with great elegance and little glitter.
it would also have been very appropriate if the production drew more on the Kuravanji literary tradition with its wealth of rich and highly rhythmic poetry.
I also like to use this occasion to point out that most of the traditional Indian dance drama themes reek of male Chauvinism and 'Kuravanji' is more than typically so in that respect.
This is a matter which the Tamil Society should pay some attention to if it is serious about moving into the modern era of sexual equality and feminist awareness.
Finally, I like to remind the reader that the dance drama reviewed was essentially a performance by children, many of whom are probably not aware of the Tamill-Hindu cultural background and Hindu mythology and possibly not very fluent in the Tamil language. Activities such as this deserve support and encouragement and my comments, I hope, will not be construed as unduly Critical
S. Sivasegaram 2.10.90

Page 27
15 NOVEMBER 1990
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