கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Tamil Times 1991.02

Page 1
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15 FEBRUARY 1991
CONTENTS
Civilians bear brunt of war on Tamils. . . . 4
Direct rule imposed on Tamil Nadu. . . . . 5
Publish India urges restarting peace process. . . .6 TAM
P.O. E. SUTTON, SUR Fighting to a Finish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 UNITED Inside Jaffna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Phone: 08
Towards ideological acceptance of reality...10
People & Politics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ANNUAL St
Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily UK/india/Sri Lank
those of the editor or the publishers.
All other countri
A CONSTITUTI
The recent dismissal of the DMK led state government in Tamil Nadu constitutes a grave assault on Indian democracy. There is no doubt that the dissolution of the State Assembly and the ouster of a duly elected state government while retaining popular mandate call into question the democratic Credentials of those who demanded the imposition of direct Presidential rule.
The call for the dismissal of the DMK administration was backed by a prolonged campaign mainly by the opposition AIADMK and Congress(I) which were soundly defeated by the DMK at the last round of State Assembly elections. Without accepting the people's verdict and playing the role of a political opposition in a democratic society, they were carrying on a relentless campaign to topple the state government.
The assumption to power of the Chanda Shekhar minority government in Delhi and its reliance on the Support of Congress(I) and AIADMK for its very survival have been maladroitly used by these parties to unseat a democratically elected state government. Very few people will doubt that continuing to cling on to power was the one and only reason for Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar to have collaborated in enacting this constitutional outrage.
The ostensible reason given for the dismissal of the Tamil Nadu government was the so-called deterioration of the law and Order Situation in the State arising from the alleged failure by the State Government to take action against the unlawful activities of the LTTE. Compared to many other states in the Indian Union, the law and order Situation in Tamil Nadu before and at the time the State administration was dismissed could have been described as very healthy by Indian standards. As to supporting the Tamil militants including the
 

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Ham
CONTENTS
266-4488 The Self as an obstacle to peace. . . . . . 14
Tigers hand over police prisoner. . . . . . 17
d by
MES LT) News Round-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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KINGOOM Sri Lanka seeks S450 million from IMF. .21
I-644 0972 Tamil Classics in Japanese soon. . . . . . 22
Quiz Crossword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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ONAL OUTRAGE
LTTE, Congress(I) and AIADMK cannot claim immunity. It is a matter of history that the Congress(I) administration from the Centre and AIADMK's MGR administration in Tamil Nadu provided support and legitimacy to the Tamil militant groups including the LTTE. In any event, for some time before its dismissal, the Karunanidhi government in Tamil Nadu had begun to take action against Sri Lanka Tamil militants' and in fact ordered its police force to round up hundreds of young men thereby incurring the accusation of 'betrayal" from the Tigers.
The fact that Tamil Nadu Governor S.S. Barnala was firm in his refusal to submit a report to the President of India recommending the dismissal of the State government and the President had to act on the basis of a report from the Union Cabinet is proof of the fact that the Chandra Shekhar administration has acted motivated more by political and opportunistic considerations and not because the Situation in Tamil Nadu Warranted such a draCOnian and undemocratic step of removing a democratically elected government.
India is a vast country with a diverse population faced with immense problems. In spite of the Scourge of violence that has rocked some States of the Indian Union and frequent communal clashes, the respect which India enjoys in the world is because it has by and large succeeded in maintaining itself as a constitutional democracy. The people of India and those who have steered the country's destiny since independence are rightfully entitled to be proud of the country's democratic tradition and institutions. However, recent history is replete with examples of popularly elected State governments being dismissed by politically motivated executive action from the Centre. Persistence in such a Course would spell disaster to Indian democracy in the long term.

Page 4
4 TAMILTIMES
CIVILIANS BEAR BRU OF WAR ON TAMILS
While round-the-clock air sorties continue in the Gulf, a longer-lasting but much less publicised bombing campaign has been going on in northern Sri Lanka, where the Tamil Tigers are fighting for a separate homeland. With the Tigers in control of the entire area, apart from three government bases, Sri Lankan forces have resorted to aerial strikes which have destroyed many civilian targets.
Last week the army bombed and shelled Jaffna, the largest town in northern Sri Lanka, for four days. In further incessant attacks, almost 300 bombs were dropped on Velvettiturai, birthplace of Velupillai Prabhakaran, the Tiger leader, and the second most densely populated town in Sri Lanka.
In the attacks, 500 houses and two."
large schools were reduced to rubble
and more than 100 other buildings, fi
including two historic Hindu temples, were damaged beyond repair.
Bombers also hit a crowded market
place in another town south of the
Jaffna peninsula, with a 90 per cent refugee population, killing 22 people and seriously wounding 13. A refugee camp in a girls school, six miles outside Jaffna, was almost totally destroyed, killing two people and wounding four. At an ancient shrine to Ganesh, the Hindu elephant god and the patron saint of truck drivers, bombs killed three and wounded eight.
The military claims it only bombs known Tamil Tiger targets, but admits it uses aircraft – Sia Marchetti singleengine training planes, adapted to carry two bombs underneath, Chinese Y-8s and Y-12s and British Avros, small cargo planes from which homemade bombs are pushed out of the back - which do not permit accuracy.
The bombs - oil drums filled with gelignite or flammable gas and rubber tubes, which stick to the skin like napalm - have no ballistic stability. "Sometimes we ourselves are mortally afraid of where they are going to land', said an army colonel.
The Jaffna Citizens Committee estimates more than 70,000 buildings in the north and east have been destroyed, more than 6,000 people have been killed or are missing and more than 1.2 million are now displaced. Damage is estimated at well over E600m.
The pressures of war are acute. There is no cash economy, fishing has stopped and essential drugs are not available. Petrol costs £20 a gallon, 13 times more than in the south. There is no electricity, paraffin for lamps costs 10 times the Colombo price and matches are unavailable.
Sri Lankan f have resorte bombing to c insurgents in
north, Julian
writes from J
Food shipments been diverted or d three months, onl liveries have got t on the brink of s dying in silence', s, ment agent.
Northern Tamils 16 per cent of the tion, and large nur the promise of libel Tigers. The bombin in particular refu and hospitals, has inhabitants that t ity in Sri Lanka i genocide. "This is Tamils', said Dr. K am, head of the V Rehabilitation Con
“We are fighting fighting it to the Lanka's Deputy Ranjan Wijeratine. na must move ou finish this war and
At this point in t the war seems no c
Batt
The LTTE comm attack on the El Camp during th February with a v. last remaining mi Jaffna in the nort what is described a assault on the El The Tigers had be and fortifications south of the camp the narrow stretch rates the peninsula The Tigers contro north and south depends for its su ments from the ail Having fortifi around the camp, ported to have ir wards this strate and launched a capture it in thi which they elimin army camp only t'

}rCeS d to uell the West affna
to the north have elayed - in the last y 3 per cent of dehrough. "People are arvation. They are aid the local govern
comprise less than 16 million populambers are opting for
ration offered by the
g of civilian targets, gee camps, schools
convinced Jaffna's he Sinhalese majoris trying to commit
a war to kill all . Shanmugasunder
elvettiturai Citizens
hmittee.
a war and we are finish’, declared Sri Defence Minister, "The people of Jafft. We are going to i fast. he conflict however, loser to a conclusion
Tamil Tiger recruits some not yet in their teens, parade in a village in northern Sri Lanka
15 FEBRUARY 1991
than it did last June, when the Tigers broke off 13 months of negotiations with President Ranasinghe Premadasa's government. A brief ceasefire, called by the Tigers on New Year's Day, ended under pressure from the military.
The army believes the Tigers – beleaguered by bad weather, hostile international opinion and a crackdown on their activities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu - are weakening. "Strategically, that was the time to hit them, said a colonel in the Northern
Command.
The Tigers, an army of several thousand men and women, seem equally confident. We firmly believe we will win this war', said Anton Balasingham, their political spokesman. The movement would prefer "a political solution to a political problem', but he admits there is now no alternative but to fight for an independent state'. Both sides are locked into a
military solution.
(Courtesy of "The Independent' 13.2.91)
le for Elephant Pass
lenced a sustained ephant Pass Army e second week of iew to capturing the litary post between h and Vavuniya, in as a Mankulam-type ephant Pass Camp. en building bunkers in the north and which is situated on h of land that sepafrom the mainland. ol the areas to the of the camp which oplies and reinforce
ed their positions the Tigers are rehched their way togically placed camp major offensive to e same manner in ated the Mankulam wo months ago.
Government forces have responded with massive bombardment from the air on LTTE positions near the camp. In addition in a major offensive areas under the control of the Tigers in Vavuniya, where an indefinite curfew had been imposed, are reportedly being attacked from the air and ground troops have begun to move out. While security forces have claimed that a large number of Tigers have been killed, scores of civilians are reported to have been killed in indiscriminate bombing raids. The advance of the troops from Vavuniya is reported to be slow owing to the stiff resistance from the Tigers, mines and booby traps.
During the previous week several civilians are reported to have been killed and many properties destroyed when fierce fighting broke out between government forces and the Tigers in and around the Kankesanturai area within the Jaffna peninsula. The army
Continued on Page 5

Page 5
15 FEBRUARY 1991
bizim
DIRECT RU
MkLrSLSLSCSLSLkLkLMSLrLMTALeLSeLSLkAqLrSSLSLMSSSkLALALSqLSS0SkLkLSSSkSSSL ELEAASAASS
LEIMP
ON TAM NA DMK State Government Di
The Dravida Munnetra Kazhaham (DMK) led state government of Chief Minister Muthuvelu Karunanidhi in Tamil Nadu was dismissed and direct rule by the centre imposed on 30 January following a fourteen month long campaign by the Jayalalitha led, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhaham (ALADMK) and the Congress(I).
The dismissal provoked widespread protests by opposition parties and acts of sporadic violence in the state. Transport and bus services were the main targets - several vehicles were set on fire. The dismissed Chief Minister claimed that over ten thousand DMK party members and volunteers had been arrested and as many as seven persons immolated themselves in protest at the action of the centre. The National Front called for a countrywide protest. At a well-attended protest rally in Madras, National Front leaders like V.P. Singh and N.T. Rama Rao joined the Communist Party's E.M.S. Namboodripad to denounce the dismissal of a democratically elected government which was due to blackmail indulged in by the Congress and the AIADMK which they alleged threatened to withdraw their support to the minority government led by Chandra Shekar if it did not dismiss the state government.
The dismissal of the two-year-old DMK administration did not come as a surprise for it was in the air since the fall of V.P. Singh's National Front government at the centre in November last year. The AIADMK and the Congress(I) had been demanding the dismissal of Karunanidhi's government since December 1989 when the DMK was virtually routed in the parliamentary elections in Tamil Nadu. The campaign did not succeed and the DMK was a faction in the National Front led by the then Prime Minister V.P. Singh.
President R. Venkataraman issued the proclamation dismissing the state
Continued from Page 4
backed by airforce planes and helicopter gunships launched an offensive against the Tigers who, supported by improvised armoured vehicles stormed military positions on 6 February. Second Lt. Kumarasiri of the Gajabha Regiment was killed along with severall other soldiers being injured in this encounter. Government sources claimed that thirteen Tigers were killed and fifty-seven injured but these claims have been strongly disputed.
government, dis Assembly and imp a Union Cabinet ri the Tamil Nadu g luctant to deal fir with international that the State Gov mend intervention dismissal of the g the Constitution t act on receipt of
Governor, but in e. could act 'otherwis the President wou acted under the relevant Article of
The Tamil Nadu mala had reported the Centre's mov rule. Arriving in notice on 30 Jan Prime Minister Ch; later was seen by Affairs Minister S. merce Minister I Swamy, all of who have impressed u) existing situation i
C N
Christopher M
Bombing raids by
force against areas Tiger separatist gu of the country ha abated over the las
Many bombs hav Twenty-three civili the town of Puthu bombs fell on a row refugee camp.
At Murukandy, peninsula, I was sl had fallen last wi shrine, killing thre three-year-old girl. there were no Tam at the time. Many air force is delibera lians, out of frustra to strike at the Tar control most of the
The bombs are consisting of barrel rubber rolled from port aircraft.
In Jaffna itsell without electricity and fuel supplies

TAMILTIMES 5
osED U
Smissed.
olving the State sing direct rule on :ommendation that overnment was rely with extremists links. It was clear rnor did not recomby the centre or the overnment. Under he President could a report from the ceptional cases, he '. In this instance, ld appear to have atter limb of the he Constitution.
Governor S.S. Bary strongly opposed to impose direct New Delhi at short uary, he met the andra Shekhar and
the Union Home K. Sahai and ComDr. Subramaniam m would appear to pon him that the n Tamil Nadu did
not provide an alternative to the dismissal of the state government. Mr. Sahay took along with him the Director of Intelligence Bureau Mr. M.K. Narayanan and the Secretary to the Research and Analysis Wing, Mr. G.S. Vajpai and the two intelligence officials reportedly gave the Governor a “lot of evidence' about the DMK's connivance in the unlawful activities of the LTTE in Tamil Nadu. However the Governor while agreeing that the law and order situation in Tamil Nadu was not very satisfactory, maintained that the dismissal of a duly elected Government was not the solution.
A last ditch effort by former Prime Minister V.P. Singh, and former Ministers P. Upendra and K.P. Unnikrishnan who called on President Venkataraman to prevent him from acceding to the state government’s dismissal also did not succeed.
The dismissed Chief Minister Karunanidhi angrily said that the alleged activities of the LTTE in the state were only a pretext to topple his government. President Venkataraman in his recent Republic Day address to the nation referred only to Punjab, Kashmir and Assam as states facing a law and order problem. He never mentioned Tamil Nadu. The Central government had been pressurised by the AIADMK and Congress to dismiss his government under the threat of withdrawing support.
VILIANS SUFFER BOMBING RAIDS
orris in Jaffna
the Sri Lankan air held by the Tamil Brrillas in the north ave continued unt few weeks. e hit civilian areas. ans were killed in kudiyiruppu, when of shops next to a
outh of the Jaffna own where bombs ek near a Hindu people including a Local residents say Tigers in the area eople fear that the tely targeting civiLion at its inability lil Tigers, who still north. often crude, some of tar, petrol and the back of trans
which has been or adequate food for the last six
r
months, residents are accustomed to keeping an eye on the sky, waiting for the approach of Sri Lankan planes and helicopters. Nearly every house has an air-raid shelter, ranging from concrete bunkers deep underground, to shallow pits covered with bits of wood and railway sleepers.
In rural areas the shelter is more basic. Hiding under a tree as a helicopter hovered nearby, Kumar Sivanandan said: “They came yesterday, and they'll come back tomorrow. But life down here goes on'. After a few minutes of firing, the helicopter left, and so did Sivanandan, his bicycle laden with bags of flour and onions.
The only access to the Jaffna peninsula is a night-time boat service across a narrow stretch of water. Bicycles, and mopeds compete for space on the tiny boats with hundreds of people carrying food or fuel. A ferry capable of taking larger vehicles was bombed by the air force last year. Despite Sri Lankan government assurances that the war is aimed specifically at the Tamil Tigers, the civilian population has suffered most.
Continued on Page 6

Page 6
6 TAMIL TIMES
INDIA URGES RESTA
OF PEACE PROC
From Thomas Abraham
COLOMBO, Jan 30. The External Affairs Minister, Mr. V.C. Shukla, today suggested to the Sri Lankan President, Mr. R. Premadasa, that the time was right for Sri Lanka to take a "bold initiative' to restart the peace process. Mr. Shukla did not specify what form this initiative should take, but said the Sri Lankan Government should take advantage of the fact that the fatigue appeared to have set in within the
LTTE to start the peace process.
Briefing newsmen on the outcome of Mr. Shukla's 90-minute meeting with Mr. Premadasa this morning, the Foreign Secretary, Mr. Muchkund Dubey, said the Minister had said that "the time is propitious for some bold initiative on the part of the Sri Lankan Government'. India felt that the time was right for a peace initiative, because after months of fighting, there was "bound to be fatigue as reflected in the declaration of a unilateral ceasefire
Continued from Page 5
s A Jaffna lawyer said: "This is the worst it's been in eight years. The economic blockade, the bombing, it's definitely the worst'.
A Tamil Tigers spokesman, Anton Balasingham, told me he saw little hope of peace in the near future. More likely, he said, is an intensification of the military conflict.
The Tigers expect an assault on the heavily populated Jaffna peninsula to begin soon, and even moderate Tamils who privately question the tactics of the Tigers despair for the future. "I don't believe in the gun', said one leading citizen, too frightened to be identified, but the younger generation thinks the only language the Sri Lankan government knows is the gun language. Perhaps they're right'.
A letter sent by the Jaffna Citizens' Committee to President Ranasinghe Premadasa paints a grim enough picture already. Six thousand Tamil civilians have been killed or are missing in the north-east in the last six months of 1990. More than 50,000 houses and 200 places of worship have been damaged or destroyed.
There is immense frustration and anger in Jaffna at what most people regard as the indifference of the international community.
"Our struggle is like a cry in the wilderness', one man told me outside the ruins of his bombed house in Velvettiturai. "No one hears and no one cares. Why is that?
(The Guardian, 7.2.91)
by the LTTE, an opinion abroad, sympathetic to favour of peace.
Mr. Shukla als peace efforts wo extent to which t tions of the Tami pointed out that i be weaned away really satisfactory be made' on issue tion of power.
India did not n ference to the fi. and East, and the in Jaffna peninsu made a general lence, or a militar lead to a solution Foreign Secretary Weil-taken: Ind Sri Lanka adopt a "well taken by Sr. said. Sri Lankan firmed that there notes struck at the a continuation of marked yesterday delegations.
At his news b) Secretary tried ta
~3
among many Tar
washing its hand flict. “Our interest is intact", Mr. Du change was that v the Indian Peacewas relying on di sion to make its vi is now different a are different per interest, he said. Going by what and Sri Lanka h made known to t ernment its desire solution to the et also clear that I leverage to persu Government to m It would also appe these points, Indi very much more t problem.
Mutual respect concerns of Sri emphasise that t the two countries equality and mut others sovereign Government’s ch Bradman Weerak tries had agreed t basis for their rela Sri Lankan side when Mr. Shu] points he had m

15 FEBRUARY 1991
RTING
ESS
also because public
which was normally he LTTE, was in
said the success of uld depend on "the le legitimate aspiras were satisfied'. He
from the LTTE, “a offer would have to such as the devolu
take any specific reihting in the North recent aerial attacks la but the Minister statement that vio7 approach would not to the problem, the said. ia's suggestions that peace initiative were Lanka', Mr. Dubey diplomats also conwere no discordant meeting, which saw ' the cordiality that 's meeting of the two
liefing, the Foreign o dispel the feeling mils that India was s of the ethnic conand our concern in it ubey said. The only with the departure of Seeping Force, India plomacy and persua2ws felt. "The context nd that is why there ceptions about our
liplomats from India ave said, India has he Sri Lankan Govfor a quick, peaceful hnic issue, but it is ndia has very little ade the Sri Lankan ove in this direction. ar that having made a is not going to do owards resolving the
: One of the main Lanka has been to he relations between should be based on ual respect for each y. The Sri Lankan lef spokesman, Mr. oon, said both counhat this should be the tionship. He said the was very pleased la repeated three ade earlier in India,
said his
that India would not be party to the process of disintegration of Sri Lanka, that Indian soil would not be used for terrorist activity against Sri Lanka, and that Indian forces would not be sent to Sri Lanka. Mr. Shukla also clarified that the question of foreign forces in Sri Lanka was "entirely a matter in the domain of Sri Lanka'.
Trade: The two sides discussed the prospects of boosting trade and economic cooperation in some detail. An agreement on joint oil exploration in the Gulf of Mannar, and on a joint tea marketing strategy are likely to be reached soon. The Foreign Secretaries of both countries are scheduled to meet in New Delhi in March to lay the groundwork for a meeting of the newly-formed joint commission in April.
Mr. Shukla also met the Minister of State for Rural Industries, Mr. S. Thondaman, and the leader of the Opposition, Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike.
Both sides happy: Speaking to newsmen this evening, Mr. Shukla said that "both sides were happy' with the way the talks had progressed. He said that the major focus of the discussions had been on the ethnic issue, and India had made the point that any settlement should be on the basis of a peaceful dialogue. He said Sri Lanka had agreed with this. Asked whether he had suggested any halt to the aerial bombardment and military action in the North and East, Mr. Shukla said he had made the general point that violence would not be able to solve the problem.
Mr. Shukla said the two main Tamil demands for the permanent merger of the North and East and the revival of the North-East Provincial council had been discussed, India had said it was against the demerger of the two provinces, while Sri Lanka had pointed out that a referendum was a constitutional requirement, Sri Lanka had, however, given the impression that it would not press the issue of the referendum.
The Minister said that in response to reservations expressed by Sri Lanka on the attitude of the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, Mr. M. Karunanidhi, he had explained that Mr. Karunanidhi would go by the national policy that Indian territory would not be used for subversive activities by any other country. Mr. Shukla said Mr. Karunanidhi had made this clear when he met him in Madurai. Mr. Karunanidhi had expressed concern about the refugees in Tamil Nadu, and said that he did not want to send them from camps in Tamil Nadu to camps in Sri Lanka.
Disappointed: Speaking at a banquet hosted by his Sri Lankan counterpart, Mr. Harold Herat, Mr. Shukla Government was “disappointed' that the new year unilater
Continued on Page 23

Page 7
15 FEBRUARY 1991
FIGHTING TO A FINI
Rita Sebastian from Colombo
The grouping of Tamil and Muslim Secretary Wellupi political parties who, for several choice or circumsta months, deliberated power sharing LTTE, Central C Earrangements in the north-east pro- Shankar Raji, in c. vinces, are scheduled to submit their national relations, final draft this week, to President the mantle of lead Ranasinghe Premadasa, under the au- the Central Con II spices of the All-Party Conference, the offing when I Although the President is on record Tjasingham and ty
that he will go along with any consen- themselves out of sus decision, implementing it at Shukla's visit to ground level is not possible in the by an Indian offic foreseeable future. Not as long as the ing in two years wE Tigers are a presence in the region, mending exercise." and not as long as they continue to "Indian occupation hold on to their guns, Indian Peace Keep
In a dramatic turn of events howev- the north-east pr
er, the Eelawar Democratic Front bitter rhetoric, so (EDF, the former EROS), the Tigersetween the countri known ally, has joined forces with the fore, hailed by b rest of the Tamil groups, barring the major success, Sn Eelam People's Democratic Party. feathers of the esti (EPLOP), to bureaucrat saw it
The EDF, was one of seven signator-from her known р ies to a memorandum submitted to to one of 'persuasi
Indian External Affairs Minister, W.C. Shukla's visit W Shukla during his 3-day official visit to three broad object the island at the end of January. to re-establish a ri
Included in the demands, in the * Sri Lankan Gover. eight-point memorandum was that the President Ranasi process of devolution initiated by the perceived hostility indo-Sri Lanka agreement be frther regard Shukla y strengthened, to ensure the safety, cerned with assu security and political aspirations of the India would not pe Tamil speaking people; that the mer- ದ್ವಿಲ್ಸm of Sri Lanka ger of the north-east provinces be did she contempla made permanent without recourse to a the island gain, referendum; that the sixth amend- down on Tamil IIlent be repealed; State aided colonisa- Nadu and the Sl tion stopped and the dissolved North- Chief. Minister Ki East Provincial Council be reconvened ing with the end by repealing the Provincial Councils indications that II Amendment) Acts and the Provincial Ombo's Concerns
councils Election (Amendment) Act of Colombo was well July 1990. of events and ma
that India was su ernment's view th to be militarily all nalised.
The second con assuage Tamil pli dia was not dista
The memorandum felicited nothing more from Shukla than the expected assurance that it would be taken note of. On the question of the permanent merger of the north-east provinces however he is said to have drawn attention to the proviso in the IndoLanka accord that stipulates the hold. :
ing of a referendum. A tremendous hard
The month also saw the return of Tamil people : EDF member S. Bashir to Parliament, Whether this ha signalling the return of the remaining Sri Lankan leade 12 EDF members as well. The EDF scd as rhetorical members resigned their seats en IIlasse Tamil and South as protest against the government's not known. The t military offensive in the north-east. la was to empha: They alleged, that heavy aerial bom- wance of the Indo) bardment had led to large-scale des of 1987 as a bas truction of both life and property, ciliation in Sri La specially in the north. The EDF for so emphasised the long dubbed as "fence sitters' seem to and give effect to have taken some hard decisions. It is tiom emwisaged by reliably understood that with General relatively non-co

TAMIL TIMES 7
SH?
llai Balakumar, by nce, defecting to the mmittee member large of their interis tipped to take on irship. A meeting of ittee is said to be in ialaku mar, Pararao others will find he gтоupiпg. the island, the first all of Cabinet ranksessentially a fence Thirty two months of in the form of the ing Force (IPKF) in winces had led to uring relations bepes. The visit the Teoth CouIntries as a oothed the ruffled blish Inent. As a top , India had moved olicy of interference In and suggestion'. as directed towards iwes. Firstly, it was alationship with the nment in the face of nghe Premadaga's to India. In this vas primarily conring Colombo that rmit the destabilisafrom Indian soil, mor te sending troops to dded to it the crackmilitants in Tamil prising dismissal of arunamidhi, coincidfShukla's Visit Werg 1dia was taking Colinto consideration. pleased at the turn de much of the fact pportive of the Govat the Tigers needed nd politically margi
er of Shukla was to
blic opinion that Inincing itself from the
und that India Wa5 r med about the ships caused to the in the north-east. di any impact on the Tship, or was dismisiltte Tarıccs tÜ 8ppe:HSe Indian sentiment is hird concern of Shuksise the growing rele--Lanka Peace Accord is for national recorInka. In this regard he
need to strengthen the scheme of devoluly the accord, but was mmittal on the mer
ger issue. Having regard to the sensit tivity and the complexity of the issue of the merger, Shukla while acknowledging the strength of Tamil sentiment seems to hawe - felt that it was not proper to persuade the government to go beyond the accord on the vital issue.
As to the on-going conflict between the government and the Tigers, Shukla called for a "bold initiative' on the part of the government to see an end to the conflict. What form that bold initiative should take was however not spelt out. Asfar as the government is concerned there will be no negotiations unless and until the Tigers fall in line with the government's conditions for getting back to the negotiating table. Although the Gulf War seems to hug the headlines and there seems only minimal coverage in the media on the north-east war, the continuing wailing of sirens as ambulances ferry the injured from airport to hospital in Colombo and the number of combatants killed on both sides is evidence that the war has intensified. Whether he believes that the Tigers can be militarily defeated or not, State Minister for Defence, Ranjan Wijeratine is deter. mined that they must be eliminated.
As the operations continue, so does fierce lobbying by international agencies to see an end to the conflict and an end to the human suffering in the north-east by a civilian population trapped between the two warring sides.

Page 8
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Page 9
15 FEBRUARY 1991
A reporter's impressionistic view
Franklin Raviraj
I was approaching the "Punthottam', the well-fortified barrier, manned by the Sri Lankan soldiers at Vavuniya town before crossing into the “Liberation Tigers' territory in the north and the minibus in which I was travelling was checked and waved past Saliyapura, Nochiyagama, Medawachchiya and Rambawewa army camps 18 kilometres from Anuradhapura. Passing Thandikulam on January 2 we will soon move into LTTE territory. It's less than two miles from Vavuniya and is already hot and bustling on the second day of the unilateral ceasefire announced by the political front (PFLT) of the Liberation Tigers.
The tempo of life here is a mixture of desperation and hope pitted against gruelling odds. Leading out from the North is a link of thousands of cyclists spread out from Omanthai to Vavuniya town and beyond. They have all reached the half way point of a 200 mille round trip from Jaffna in a desperate search for food and kerosene oil. 9.30am Vavuniya town and at the same incredible scene getting bottlenecked at the army check-point. One by one the tiring body search and baggage scrutiny is conducted while staccato questions are thrown at each person. Nearly 100 aggravating the bottle-neck they have all got to be cleared before proceeding either way.
An obliging soldier puts me on a Jaffna bound lorry for my interview with LTTE top runger Dilip Yogaratnam, 'Yogi'. The exasperating scrutiny once again 200 metres on at a LTTE checkpoint. It is like a tragi-comedy as the army issues a permit to proceed to Colombo and the LTTE issues permits
to enter the North.
At the LTTE checkpoint I abandon the lorry. It could be evening before its turn for the LTTE check. Scores of people, Jaffna bound, hitch rides on cycles, lorries and as a last resort fall prey to the owners of passenger vehicles who charge a staggering Rs. 1000/- for the 70 mile run to the Karativu ferry which is within 10 miles west of Elephant Pass.
From Omanthai, through Puliyankulam, Mankulam, Panikankulam, Kokavil, Murugandy, Kilinochchi and turn off before Paranthan on a cratered road 13 miles to Poonaari the Karativu ferry.
You have to undergo as much as a
dozen LTTE check stretch was devoic vice or police pl across to Sangupit Those ferrying cyc an extra Rs. 10. Tl Chavakachcheri 1 100. Much if not income from Vav believed to go to th
The final lap to Rs. 100. It's 9.30; Jaffna.
I check into H stands miraculous see two LTTE gar appear to be bomb c
Life, or what pas cling desperately normalcy. But no here. Faces keep Most of them live airborne attack. M duced to piles of ru far as I could see, against the darke igned to accepting change civilians ha' ists in this war-rav,
A handful of sho miraculously mana a few shops open in They pay their taxe once bustling nerve over five lakhs of T
ple now barely affo
dogs and cats.
In this scenario I with "Yogi'. Three contact LTTE cadr transport to meet t at their headqua. three miles from J.
As I enter the la the LTTE (PFLT) after screening I se Liberation Tiger ca ary and political v work busily on the the government ex
I meet the spec General Secretary the LTTE and aft fire my questions l unilateral ceasefir
The interview co the second phase C
Palaly, some fiv under a scorching approach it. Three
 

Of War
points. The 70 mile of any armed seresence. The ferry :y takes only Rs. 5. es across part with he ten mile trip to akes another Rs. ll, of the transport uniya to Jaffna is e LTTE Treasury.
affna costs another um as I get of in
tel Subhas which y and on my way gs filling up what raters on the roads. sed for it, seemed to to a semblance of one strolls about glancing skywards. in fear of some Most buildings reubble, stand out as silhouettes of ruins ning skyline. Reswhat they cannot ve all become fatalaged landscape.
-keepers who have ged to survive keep to the late evening. s to the LTTE. The centre that served amil speaking peords shelter to stray
go for my interview days after I make es take me in their e LTTE top runger ters at Kondavil, ffna.
ge headquarters of for my interview many hundreds of lires from the militing go about their second morning of ended ceasefire. acled fatigue, clad and top runger in
r formal greetings ading to the LTTE
pleted I set out on my trip.
miles away, stood in. It's 2.30pm as I hings stand out -
TAMILTIMES 9
towering palmyrah trees wilting in the heat like emaciated old women with no more tears to shed. And abandoned toddy pot's hanging from their branches like the pouches of an old woman's eyes.
The Palaly Army and Air Force base camp is now converted into a fortress with about twenty watch towers around its perimeter. The rich red earth of Palaly that produced large harvests of tobacco, tomatoes, onions, chillies, bananas etc., lay bare, dry and neglected.
The stillness is now and then shattered as Sri Lankan naval crafts shell selected targets on shore. A barrage of heavy fire from the Palaly camp adds to the attack on these targets. About a mile away, once more occupied by the Tigers is the bunker in which seven LTTE women fighters died in an attack by the army's latest "Delta Force' unit.
The army maintains that 15 were killed. Jaffna's 'Colombo 7, Kurumbasiddy is a cemetery of rubble, razed to the ground. There is not the slightest sign of any civilian life here.
In vantage points Tiger bunkers confront security force bunkers as close as 150 yards from each other. Here one does not know whether it is the ceasefire or the curfew that holds.
With nightfall the brilliant floodlights bathe the Palaly camps outer perimeter. In the distance the faint glow of a few kerosene oil lamps appears. Electricity supplies have been cut off since fighting broke out last June. The possession of batteries is banned. So kerosene oil fetches the staggering amount of Rs. 750 a gallon. Any motor cycle used by civilians has been converted to run on kerosene oil. An organisation called "ROOTE (Research Organisation of Tamil Eelam) is reportedly producing compost fertiliser, solar and bio gas energy units, fungicides, crude newsprint, bread made of palmyrah, manioc and wheat flour and several other items.
In the peninsula those who still manage to operate their TVs and radios on batteries can still tune into the LTTE radio and TV transmissions.
Seven miles from Palaly the Tirunelvelli University continues lectures for over 400 students. Sixty one Tamil students from the Eastern Province are said to have returned to the campus during the ceasefire. Several students claimed harassment, looting and rape by Muslim Home Guards, uniformed personnel and civilians in Eastern Province villages.
On the way to Jaffna hospital a few miles away there appeared to be signs of people desperately clinging to the normal things of life. Fish, vegetables and groceries were in some evidence but at prices that were incredible. Any
Continued on Page 23

Page 10
10 TAMILTIMES -
ä: -
Towards an ldeolo Acceptance of Rei
– Radhika Coomaraswamy –
When we say "Toward Multiculturalism in Sri Lanka' does it imply that we are not a multicultural society today? That we have to work for a multicultural society somewhere in the future, sometime tomorrow?
To my own mind we have always been a multicultural society - not only in terms of large ethnic monoliths, of Sinhala, Tamil or Muslim but even within those communities — the Ruhuna is distinct to the Kandyan highlands, the east coast Tamil from the Jaffna Tamil, cultural life differs from whether you live in cities or in rural areas, whether you are a member of the elite or whether you are poor. We can justly be proud of that diversity - not only of Theravada Buddhism or Saiva Siddanta, but also of thovil ceremonies, of Mukkuvar folk songs, of Geoge Keyt, of Geoffrey Bawa, of the anonymous craftsmen who have worked on our traditional furniture, jewellery or embroidery - this after all was Ananda Coomaraswamy's vision of our own multiculturalism which he recorded so many years ago: - Where many cultures live side by side in a situation of tolerance and respect; each accorded its distinct space and status.
Reality.
So if we have always been multicultural what does this title of the talk imply - it must surely mean, that we have to work toward an ideological acceptance of what many feel is the actual reality. To do this, we have to concentrate on the Gap between people's minds and their social reality; this Gap is of course, the realm of ideology, often like a mirage which attempts to capture truth, but always partially.
This gap between people's minds and reality is therefore what one may call a question of imagination. How did we, in Sri Lanka get here - that we seem to have a multicultural society but do not ideologically accept it as such. I would say it is because of a failure of imagination.
Many of you must have seen the film by the famous Japanese director Akira Kurasawa entitled, Rashomon. It is a film about an incident but every participant in the incident gives his own version, expresses his own imagination as to what happened. At the end the viewer is totally confused about the truth, about what actually took place.
And so with multiculturalism and pluralism in Sri Lanka. I was recently reading in detail some material about Buddhist and Hindu revivalism at the
end of the last cen our great leaders what I would call national imaginati by Gombrich, Obe ma, Malalagoda et ly shown how the the late nineteenth tially comprise Sinhalese. Now if Matara, and you . right and said t
(A Talk by Ra wamy given at the Hindu Affairs se Multiculturalism cember 16, 1990)
country – you wo would be your real faithful to what yo means that you. failed to cross Elei
If you live in Poi same and proclai Tamil homeland - right and faithful would mean that y not gone beyond th have peaked at TI really looked sou River. So one of t have got to where lack of imaginat fathered the emo ethnic and nationa
In how many di imagine ourselves ways. Firstly by : village, district or say someone come Urumpirai we ar. just as much as Kandyan or she Muslim. We coulc by ethnic group o ourselves by the i
there was a tim
Lankan meant S imagine ourselve many people have sciousness; look theosophists, Kris da Coomaraswam ourselves, not by t gion, Hindu, Budd by territory but by liberal. We could se national, or like V asked if he was an do you want to lim

15 FEBRUARY 1991
gical ality
tury, when many of
were constructing their version of our on. In many articles ysekera, Amunugac., it has been clearBuddhist revival of century was essend of low-country you live in Galle and just looked left and his is a Sinhalese
dhika CoomarasState Ministry for minar on Touvard in Sri Lanka, De
uld be right - that ity and you would be u actually see. But it r imagination has phant Pass. nt Pedro and did the med that this is a you would again be Do your reality but it our imagination has Le peninsula –it may 'amil Nadu but not th of the Bentota he main reasons we we are has been the ion of those who tional bases of our alist movements.
ngine fferent ways can we ? Let us count the sub-units such as a province. When we s from Balapitiya or e saying something if we say he is a is an East Coast imagine ourselves r we could imagine island as a whole - Le when being Sri omething. We can s by the region - a South Asian conat the work of hnamurti, or Anany. We could imagine territory but by relihist or Muslim, not ideology, Marxist or 2e ourselves as inter'ikram Seth - when Indian, he said why nit me? I am Cosmic
Dr. Radhika Cooomaraswamy
Man, my imagination spans the uniWeSe.
But most of us Sri Lankans have not reached that cosmic state - I would say we have not gone beyond our province, our language, our religion - we don't even have a national imagination, let alone a cosmic one. It must, therefore follow from what I said before, that the broader one's imagination, the more diverse and multicultural your experience. So when we say toward a multicultural society, one is basically saying toward broadening our imagination and our vision to accept pluralism, tolerance and difference.
Why would anyone resist such a movement? Why is this not selfevident? To answer that we have to go back to the nineteenth century. Since the enlightenment and right upto World War II, there have been grand attempts to unify and homogenise the world by the west. In the field of science, the search for universal principles and Newtonian Physics; in the field of philosophy the search for universal ethics/morality, such as in the works of Kant and Hegel; and in the field of politics, the search for the grand universal theories of history and political action - Marx, J.S. Mill etc. This then led to the development of a , modern, uniform, universal culture - but with metropolitan centres of the West taking the lead role. So therefore this search for universals was also seen as a process of westernisation; of accepting European ideas and practices as something universal and common to all mankind.
Homogenisation
Against this current of European "homogenisation' arose the great nationalist movements which refused to accept this so-called universal treatment and which demanded that their uniqueness be recognised. The Universal cannot mean western, our lives, our experiences are important even if they are limited to the particular worlds; they must be given separate but equal status.
In the tussle between these movements in the nineteenth century, the

Page 11
15 FEBRUARY 1991
latter - i.e., Nationalism, won. Today the primary organising principle of our political universe is the modern nation. state. The nation-state is the basis of international law and the fountainhead of all local developments - the SOWEREIGN as we know her, or Motherland. It is the source of all power-political and economic and it is the only category which has a recognised international personality. So every group with any kind of territory, facing forms of discrimination or lack of privilege naturally wants to assert. the right to self-determination to gain access and control of a nation-state.
Though we take it for granted, the nation-state was not always the Organising principle of political life. Before colonialism - dynastic empires (i.e. ruling houses of kings) or religious enImpires were minore often the organising principles. But with the concept of nation-state, territory and democratic sovereignty were merged together and the era of mass movements began and the movements for nationalism merged with the movements for democracy in nineteenth century Europe.
Nationalism
I said earlier that nationalism in the nineteenth century was a reaction against the Anglo-French desire to homogenise the world under this stewardship. It was at that times an assertion of multiculturalism and multi-ethnicity at the international levelFirst an assertion for a multi-ethnic Europe, the struggle for which continues in many parts of Europe and today the demand for a multi-ethnic, multicultural 'world consciousness' as part of the struggle against colonialism.
But ironically once all these people received their nation-states, after years of struggle, the postindependence leaders began to replay what colonial powers had done from the metropolitan centres. Within their territories they began to "homogenise', by imposing majority languages and religion and they began to centralise power both in politics and bureaucracy. ■
Benedict Anderson's famous book. "Imagined Corn Inunities' analyses this in detail - How when you control a nation-state you control COIIl IIl LIIlications and you control education. Those two are tho , essential bases of the for Ilation of an individual's ideology. By controlling these you pass on your imagined construction of the nation to your people,
Herc in Sri Lanka - Education has two streams, Media has two streams. There is no common river of knowledge. It is therefore not unusual that you had two totally different nationalist imaginations, two completely separate nationalist constructions - one Sinhalese and one Tamil - very different and mutually exclusive. But one
controlled state pov 1970 and the oth opposition. So ther all to be integrated imagination of w having your Own Wi identity and role ir bc.
So today after ye are finally trying national imaginati late) so that it can a diverse experience bilingualism, multi ticulturalism. To re Ihore difficult than because we have t things but the eff one can only wis) success is by no conclusion. We ha cultural consciousn majority communi recalcitrant and d in our country.
ReCOs
In reconstructin agination it is impo the diverse experi But multicultur; everything will lea We also cultivate t SHARED WALU which multicultur These shared valu relate to basic hur man rights and to cratic process. Wit. or safety-valves in culturalisII will no If someone assertɛ one else is part therefore he should prosecution, mult be a dangerous w that multicultural: and important goal the foundation of values and a collec
t:EEէՑ.
Let Ine say a WC ence between mult ticulturalism. Ml reorganise our na ing that there are ; demt ethnic grou which hawe ower policies and lapses come ethnic block work, these bloc allowed political areas where they some measure of given to run their turning away from
But having ca II for pluralism and d very aware of som society organised a What happens to viduals within th decide to assert Bano a Muslim wol Muslim cethnic blo

TAMIL TIMES 11
ver, especially after er was always in eaction – the refusinto someone else's at Sri Lanka is, 2rsion of what your the society should
ars of bloodshed we to reconstruct (LT on (100 years too ccommodate all the . So we speak of --ethnicity and mul!construct wisions is
to construct them; () unlearn so many ort has begun and it success, since means a foregone e to impose multiess not only on the Ly but als) om the efensive minorities
tructing
g our national imrtant to incorporate ence of our people. alism and multid to anarchy, unless le essential bases of ES, wallues upon alism can be based. es must in the end man values and hufree and opеп dепnohout these Cushions
the system, multitlead us anywhere. that killing someof his culture and mot suffer criminal iculturalism would ord. So I reiterate isIIn can be a - moble only if it is built on
shared democratic tive democratic pro
ird about the differ i-ethnicity and mululti-ethnicity is to tional world, realisstrong and indepenps in our country time, due to bad of imagination, be3, For democracy to :ks in ust now be expression and in are concentrated autonomy must be affairs. There is Ino
that. paigned vigorously levolution, I am also e of the dargeTsina round ethnic blocks, i groups and indiese blocks if they thcir "rights; Shad man confronting the ck in India deman
ding maintenance and support after a divorce. How do we react even in retrospect to Mr. Suntheralingam's fast at Mavittapuram? His argument that ethnic selfregulation is more important than Central government directives on caste discrimination. It is at times such as these that one looks again for the visit of the cosmic man - who surely must show us an international humanitarian spirit grounded in diverse forms of human experience.
Triumph
Multi-ethnicity is therefore a politicall triumph of group identity. It is better thăm political domination by []ng ethnic monolith; but at the same time We must be vigilant that years of fighting for democratic rights are not lost for those who live and work as individual Inenbers of these groups. Fundanental rights applies to them and cannot be forsaken for group identity. If we do that, we will subvert the very basis of the shared walues of a democracy polity.
Multiculturalism, unlike multiethnicity, does not have all these political problems. Nor is it confined and categorised by ethnic monoliths; it takes account of the diversity of all forms from within and from without. It is fluid, changing though rooted in social practice throughout the years. There have been many attempts to define culture by many social scientists but the essence of culture - when it is unorganised or unpoliticised, is that it is the creative expression of people, Culture is therefore inherently democratic and diverse until it is organised and politicised. Multiculturalism is therefore a celebration of both denocracy and diversity; it is a way of appreciating the creative works of others, while maintaining the distinct identify of your own. If it is interpreted in that light, as an artist Would, not as a politician, as a vision which sees creativity in the other regardless of who the other is - then multiculturalism may indeed be a vehicle through which we, Sri Lankans rediscover our humanism.
I would like to end by reverting to what I said in the beginning. Throughout modern history there have always been two contradictory Inovements - the pull toward universal, standardised, international, cosmopolitan culture, with its centre in westerm capitals, un the one hand, and the push toward diversity, regionalism, particlllarly on the other. It is important that we do not give either the push or the pull complete dominance.
To become totally universal, standardised and international is to lose roots, to devalue important diverse and particular experiences. To become totally particular, withdrawn and selfcentred, is to become blinkered to
Continued on Page 23

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
People
A BUILDING UP THE MVAR MACHINE
A RECENT item in a Sri Lanka newspaper reported that the island's State Minister for Defence, Ranjan Wijeratne was 'slowly but surely building up the Sri lankan armed forces into a formidable war machine'. By the end of the year the Army would consist of four divisions each with three brigades of three battalions. In addition there would be an independent brigade with two special forces regiments, two signals regiments plus support services making up a total of 100,000 in uniform. Together with the Air Force and the Navy, the island's armed forces would total 120,000 by the end of this year.
The armed forces are also to be provided with more and better equipment costing millions of dollars. The armoured corps would get the Chinese made T85 light tank and the YS531 infantry fighting vehicle. These are tracked vehicles, equipped with machine guns and cannon, and are amphibious. They are said to be "equally good in the soft sands of Jaffna, the jungles of Wanni or when crossing lagoons and rivers'.
Besides additional Bell helicopters and Sia Marchetti attack aircraft, the Air Force is to get Chinese made Y12 transport planes and one squadron of Nanchang A5M fighter bombers. The A5M fighter bomber is said to be a dedicated ground attack aircraft with a secondary capability as an interceptor and is widely used by Pakistan. The A5M plane is described as a supersonic all-weather combat aircraft with a greater bomb load of two tons of rockets, bombs and 23 mm cannon. It also has an armoured cockpit and fuselage which "can withstand the "five zero' bullets from the Browning heavy machine guns of the LTTE'. It can carry 1,000 pound armour-piercing delayed action bombs which can explode inside underground bunkers.
The Sri Lanka Navy is getting more South Korean and Chinese made patrol boats to supplement their Israeli Dvoras and the British made Cougars.
At A MULTI-ETHNICARMY, SRI LANKA STYLE
IN ADDITION to beefing up the armed forces with men and material, it is reported that ideas have been floated to remove the "Pan-Sinhala Character of the Sri Lankan forces by naming some of the new units after Tamil and Muslim military heroes of the past. Presently all the brigades and regiments of the armed forces carry essen
tially Sinhala nam Vijebha brigades a The suggestion is new units after Ki the Kingdom of An suggestion is tak would have an E Another suggested na brigade after a fought in Dutugem King Elara. Still name is for a Sap the Malayali Princ ha Perumal) who le from Kotte to captu century. Another Wickrema armour Armoured Corps King who defeated and was the last fought to preserve t the Sinhala King 1815.
Not to forget th Lanka, the suggest new regiment after Cunhale Marcar - fought in Sitawake army against th another to be nam ham, a Mudaliyar ne's Army.
In this mannerth forces can become army with a multi
Yr EROS STAGES A (
WITH Mr. Basheer ing oaths as a Men before the Speaker being affirmed as an Democratic Front (F wing of the Tam EROS — the self-imp of EROS seems to ha Mr. Segudhawood v the EDF MPs who from parliament af
out between gover the LTTE in June li
The EDF which, many, won thirtee ment during last e prised the largest c MPs was expected to in Tamil politics. then increasing pa between the gove LTTE, the EDF MP low profile and the parliament became ticeable which was a ure from the LTTE had close and frienc ing taken up the LTTE should remai forces' within the
 

es — Gajabha, Sinha, nd Gemunu Watch. to name one of the ng Elara who ruled uradhapura — if the en up Sri Lanka lara Brigade soon! name is VelusumaTamil general who unu's army against another suggested umal brigade after e Sapumal (Sembad the Sinhala Army tre Jaffna in the 15 could be the Sri 2d brigade for the after the Malabar the British in 1803 of the Tamils who he independence of dom of Kandy in
ne Muslims of Sri ion is to name one Pachi Marcar and two brothers who King Rajasinghe’s Le Portuguese – ed after Ali Abrain King Mayadun
e Sri lankan armed a truly national 2thnic identity
S (EDF) a cOMEBACK
Segudhawood takber of Parliament on 25 January and MP of the Eelavar EDF) - the political il militant group posed political exile ve come to anend. vas one among all
resigned enblock ter the war broke nment forces and ast year.
to the surprise of h seats in parlialections and comontingent of Tamil play a crucial role However with the :e of negotiations rnment and the s began to adopt a ir performance in less and less nottributed to presswith which EROS ly relations. Havposition that the n the only 'armed amil community,
15 FEBRUARY 1991
an enforced disarming of the EROS was carried out.
When the EDF MPs resigned after the war broke out, EROS circles within the island and outside did not fail to let it be known that their MPs were forced to resign. Then when it was announced in Jaffna by the General Secretary of EROS, V. Balakumar, that their group had been formally dissolved and that they had merged with the LTTE, again it was claimed that Mr. Balakumar was forced to make the announcement and that he was being kept under house arrest. It was said that, except for one former MP Mr. Pararajasingham and a few others, all the others refused to be merged with the LTTE and that they wanted to continue with their independent existence. Many of the MPs who had resigned and some of the leading cadres either went underground or went abroad into voluntary exile to escape from reprisals. In the meantime, EROS journals printed from abroad asserted the group's refusall to disband itself as demanded by the LTTE, reiterated its separate and independent existence and commented on the disputes that had arisen between them and the LTTE.
A recent report said that the EROS leadership was seeking the assistance of the International Committee of the Red Cross to get Mr. Balakumar released from house arrest so that he could attend its Central Committee meeting in Colombo. A co-leader of EROS Mr. Raji Shankar had been in Colombo and met several other local leaders of EROS. After a meeting of the Central Committee, it was revealed that the group had decided to return to parliament and negotiations had been taking place with the government as to the procedure to be followed for its re-entry. At a recent press conference in Colombo, two leading members of EROS, Mr. Suthaharan and Mr. Thillainathan, made the announcement of their intention to re-enter parliament. They said that the people who elected them have been undergoing hardships which they no longer could endure and that as representatives of the people they had a duty to do everything in their power for their relief and rehabilitation and therefore had decided to re-enter parliament. The EROS leadership also met the Indian Foreign Minister V.C. Shukla during his recent visit to Colombo along with other Tamil political groups to urge him on the need to press the government to solve the present conflict through negotiations between the LTTE, other Tamil groups and the government.
Presently a constitutional snag is preventing EROS from renominating most of its MPs to re-enter parliament. EROS contested the last elections as representing four independent groups in the Jaffna, Vavuniya, Trincomalee and Batticaloa districts. In the Jaffna

Page 13
15 FEBRUÁRN?*1
district it won 9 of its 13 seats it won in all four districts. As the law stands at present, the signature of V. Balakumar is required to renominate its MPs for the Jaffna district but he is unable to carry out this task because of his reported detention under house arrest in Jaffna. To overcome this difficulty, the EROS leadership has been negotiating with the government with a view to effecting the necessary legislative changes and the government appears to have given a favourable response.
A MOTHERS’ CAMPAIGN
FEBRUARY 19 is the first anniversary of the death of the well known and popular journalist Richard de Zoysa who was abducted from his mother's home in Colombo by a group of policemen reportedly led by a senior superintendent of police. His dead body with gunshot wounds was recovered on the following day on a beach some miles away. On this day the human rights organisation known as the
Mothers' Front is meeting in Colon attended by thou raise the question of tens of thousan the last three yea
The Mothers' documenary evid disappearances in figures and detai cases were recentl conference in Col bers of Parliame ordinators of the relate to missing Sinhalese domir southern parts of not include the no thousands more d been reported in
between governm LTTE.
The cases of corded by the Mot. the period 1987 to the Sinhalese dom island were rocke
Vadamarachi Bombed by
COLOMBO, Jan. 21.
The Sri Lankan Air Force bombed Vadamarachi peninsula this morning, resulting in at least seven civilians being killed and another 20 injured, an LTTE spokesman, Mr. Lawrence Thilagar, said that the naval boats were also shelling Vadamarachi. He said that leaflets had been dropped over the area yesterday, asking the civilian population to take their belongings and leave the area.
A military spokesman said that curfew had been clamped over Jaffna and Kilinochchi, but did not provide any details of the military operations in progress. Other reliable reports indicate that the Air Force has launched a major air operation to clear LTTE positions in the peninsula, but there has been no offensive on the ground.
The Tigers fear that the Sri Lankan Armed Forces might be getting ready to launch a second Vadamarachi operation, using the preoccupation of the international community with the Gulf War as cover.
Military officials here were unable to confirm or deny that operations were under way in the two neighbouring districts, considered to be the main strongholds of the militants.
A military spokesman, however, said Air Force planes attacked LTTE positions around the Elephant Pass army camp, on the Jaffna-Kilinochchi border for the second day yesterday after the militants fired mortars and small arms at the camp.
In other incidents reported during the last 48 hours, seven militants were killed in separate clashes with the
forces in the nortl recovered 30 mine Morichchikadu in sanctuary in nort district, adjacent to the north.
The Sri Lanka ( not miss the oppo) negotiated solution problem with the unilateral ceasefir Commissioner, Mr Sunday.
VARS
The government crease the overall : universities from mencing with the additional Rs. 10( allocated by the g purpose and during 1993 this amount to Rs. 200 million respectively. Ther cent increase in university courses tion and Higher Lalith Athulathmu cently.
He told the we conference that in there was always merit and equity.
At present it wa all-island merit, 6. quota and 5 per tageous areas.
That had been 0 and there had alwa

ܒܫܒܝ̈ܣܝܡ ܒܐܘܡܫܚܝܢܣܫܩܚܝ
(o hold its first public
bo, expected to be sands of people, to of the disappearance ls of persons during S.
ront has gathered nce of over 40,000 Sri Lanka and the s relating to these released at a press ombo by two Memht who act as CoFront. All the cases persons from the ated central and the country and do rth and east where isappearances have the continuing war 2nt forces and the
disappearances rehers' Front relate to
1990 during which inated parts of the d by unprecedented
Air Force
h-east, while troops s in an operation at the Wilpattu game h-western Puttlam Mannar district in
Government should rtunity of finding a to the vexed ethnic LTTE, declaring a e, the Indian High : N.N. Jha said on
(The Hindu)
fÁMIL TMEŠ 13 2వ--
violence unleashed by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) and by an awesome campaign of counter-violence by government forces accompanied by unmitigated brutality. Death squads reportedly associated with the security forces went about the country carrying out executions at will and in large numbers. Piles of burning bodies on roadsides and bodies floating in rivers became a gruesomely familiar sight and thousands of young men simply disappeared.
Official silence and inaction on the question of the missing persons and the government's failure to institute investigations gave rise to the formation of the Mothers' Front which represents the victims of the security forces as well as those of the JVP.
IN BRIEF
Because of shortage of wheat flour, the price of bread in the Jaffna peninsula has skyrocketed beyond the reach of the people. The 'inventive Jaffna man' has found an alternative. Bread made of Palmyrah root flour at a cheaper price has come to the market. In the absence of kerosine or electricity, margosa oil (oil extracted from seeds of margosa fruits) is being commonly used to light lamps.
Is it true (a) that a house belonging to the family of a Tamil doctor living in the UK was "taken over' recently; (b) that this house was situated in a large compound in Anaikoddai in the Jaffna peninsula; (c) that this house has been completely demolished; (d) that a large prison complex is being built on this land; (e) that questions are being raised as to who the likely inmates of this prison will be.
STY INTAKE INCREASED
has decided to instudent in-take into 6500 to 9300 com1990-91 batch. An million had been overnment for this the years 1992 and would be enhanced and Rs. 300 million e will be a 40 per ihe in-take for all in 1990-91, Educa2ducation Minister, dali announced re
ekly Cabinet news he admission policy a problem between
s on 30 per cent on per cent on district cent to disadvan
perating since 1980 ys been a complaint
that people obtaining higher marks were kept out while those in disadvantageous areas were given a place.
It was unfair to deprive those who had not got a place under the old system of their due place under the new set-up as well.
The balancing was being done through increased in-take of students to universities.
The Minister noted that the admission of students from the plantation sector was also being gone into.
It had also been decided to set up nine University colleges in the nine districts by latest, December 31, 1991.
All those colleges would be opened simultaneously, Rs. 35 million had been allocated for that.
It would be a freer system and the programmes of work will be different. Those colleges would be linked to a parent university which would issue the certificates. There will be no difference in the type of certificates issued.

Page 14
14 TARË TIMES
A Surrealist Essay
The Self as Obstad Peace in Lanka
G. Ramesh
(Paper presented in a Seminar (October 7-10, 1990) on Obstacles to Peace in
Sri Lanka, organised by Minority
Rights Group, Swedish Section, Uppsala, Suveden).
To philosophise on such a multidimensional tragedy will be futile some would say. Nevertheless it is true, thought exists as a discipline, sometimes according to the discursive needs of institutions and at other times as something which undercuts these very needs. This irony of thought is a joke, pure and simple. Hence to philosophise in the face of such a tragedy is also a joke, a cruel one at that.
What if I divide the tragedy as cruelty, brutality or inhumanity on the one hand and retain the sensibility of joking to myself on the other? If I leave it at that, it would only mean that I would be absolved of all responsibility of participation in the tragedy. And since joking is an inevitable part of all culture, including Tamil just as it forms part of the unconscious of a person, I take it that this paper can be read out.
This paper is necessarily meant to be a strategic diversion while thinking on
the condition of the Tamils of Lanka.
Strategic, because any exercise of this kind has to contend with the militarist self as a phenomenon amongst the Sinhalas and then amongst the Tamils. Diversionary, because apart from offering narratological analyses, it may yet fail in doing its bit in terms of contributing towards the sedimentation of a political solution to the problems which have been faced by the Tamils of Lanka.
Then, is all that being said here only a reality on paper? This is a question that everyone here, including myself, would be tempted to ask. While waiting for your answers, I must steal the magical words of Gabriel MarciaMarquez, who said eight years ago at Stockholm, that the prize he was about to receive was more for the monstrous reality of Latin America, and not just for its expression in literature of which he is an acknowledged master. Such a reality lives within him he said, while declaring himself as but one cipher more, singled out by fortune.
My own position can be no different.
Rebels and renega criminals, ideolog plomats and prost scoundrels, chauv singers and desti betrayers, all crea reality, have been been exposed abo lives have so far b human and believ found an imaginat this monstrous rea imagination has n it is because I hav role of a watcher activism in suppor only meant that absolved of the re have talked of he
At least now, that there are onl tragedy that is L watchers. There c
Thus no one cal a way similar to Stalker, made b maker Andrei Tal to Sweden. The fi approaching a st problem-zone son Something simila] journalist, a photo an intellectual g Zone is a crisis resolved, and the cold objectivity to analyses is maint: project is executec hero approach th ter sleep, to ensur of unconscious get the visitor to Lan unconscious slowl and he/she gets f his/her narrative Stalker, this is course to an aesth zone. Either the fi quite apart from ject, is a novel, v removed from ou question of life a happen to a close give vent to the g about her role as lated realisation o the tragedy.
The zone does the hero of Stall
 

des intellectuals and les and butchers, diitutes, warriors and inists and peddlars, tutes, deserters and tures of an unbridled part of what I have ut Lanka. Yet these been rendered all too able. I have not yet ion which can freeze lity in a narrative. If ot helped me exactly, e also played out the despite my veneer of t of Tamils. This has I was being then esponsibility which II e. it must be declared y participants in the anka. There are no annot be, period. n approach Lanka in the one explicated in by the Soviet filmrkovsky, no stranger lm talks of a person trange geographical newhere in Siberia. - to the situation of a grapher, a diplomat, ping to Lanka. The which needs to be watching starts. A wards their object of ainedat least till the d. Tarkovsky lets his e Zone everytime af. 'e that the metaphor s through. As far as ka is concerned the y comes to the fore ast dissatisfied with profession. Just as in aced by taking reetics or poetics of the nal product, which is the professional prowritten in times far rs. Or it becomes a und death as it did friend. In order to uilt and resentment the watcher, a bef the involvement in
not ultimately allow ker any space. The
15 FEBRUARY 1991
perfect modernist that he is, the herois rejected by it. Once a watcher, the hero is unable to take the position of a storyteller of a bizarre encounter - someone who is willing to acknowledge his role as a participant in several possible ways in the tragedy, of having worked through the logics of various narratives contributing to the tragedy, of living through the metaphors which work their way out through the tragedy to its very finale.
The position, I am urging you to adopt is that of the storyteller in Roshomon, one of the films of Japanese veteran Akira Kurasowa, in which a murder is retold as a multitude of possibilities, each outsmarting the other. Here, murder is sought to be made more and more logical, but suddenly a ghost in the form of a medium brings home the fact that murder can be irrational and the phenomenon is everyone's responsibility. That is murder, as a phenomenon, once again brings home the fact that the human subject eternally faces the threat of closure. There are only tales and tales of murders. Death, even as an induced phenomenon, becomes opened up as a battleground for newer and newer interpretations.
Yet, even in Roshomon, only a ghost, in the form of a medium, narrates the murder which has taken place. There is no narrative voice, in the form of a mad gypsy, which can be found in Garcia-Marquez. "One Hundred Years of Solitude', or that of the madman in his master William Faulkner's 'Sound and the Fury', or that of the mad other, in the Tamil novel "Naalai Matrumoru Naale' (Tomorrow is yet another day) by G. Nagarajan.
To put the question in the right tone, let me ask: what would be the language of a madman, say, in Jaffna, or Trincomalee, or Colombo to describe the ongoing madness of war? We simply have no clue. Or let us ask a question more acceptable. How would a person going mad amongst the Tamils view the slow degeneration of a liberation struggle into a seemingly endless spiral of war and its agony? We simply have no clue to his language, either of memory or expectancy, of the past or the future.
We may have an answer in the form of persons in the Jaffna peninsula who had lost their balance of time and space, at least temporarily, in the face of an unexpected offensive by the Indian troops beginning October 1987. With their hopes, however naive, of the Indian good having collapsed, they had no language to fall back upon and simply went mad. The fact it was not confined to the naive must be recorded in the person of yet another close friend who teaches in the University of Jaffna. .
I would say that their madness was proportionate to their unconscious be

Page 15
15 FEBRUARY 1991
liefs fashioned on the in nate goodness of India. Their academic and political education, if any, which may have rubbed their beliefs only on the surface, had not been of much worth here, The madness of the Indian offensive and the atrocities of Indian troops things which were beyond question in India. If it was questioned, 'you must be Imad, are you joking" retorted D. Jayakanthan, the most progressivist, didactic and popular realist writer of late 20th Century Tamil. He went to the extent of declaring in a public meeting at Madras that persons be sent to sexually assault. Women Companions of those in Tamil Nadu who were charging the Indian troops with committing atrocities.
Thus, the two logics, one not being able to question within the rationale of the Indian occupation, and the other, well on its way towards justifying the same, reciprocate each other in several ways. It must be noted here that such
logics, which are of coursesentinental
ly opposed to each other, can co-exist, reciprocate and even perpetuate each other. These are the logics of reaction not only in Tamil society, but elsewhere, which have killed any possible residue of genuineness in action in resolving what could have existed just a political issue.
I had stated that we simply have no clues as to what a madman would have to say about the logic leading to the present state-of-affairs. This is surely because, during the last few years, all deaths and murders have become too rational. Murder or death, this Way or the other, of a lilitant or a soldier, of a Tamil or a Sinhala, of a dissenter or a moderate, operates as sheer Cold logic, set out to make a point, illustrate a strategy, legitimise a language, fulfil the terms of an illusion of an agreement. So much so that it now hardly matters as to which player is making the current move and why. It is simply an unendgame of chess, with the players in need of a new language, a face-saving formula called the draw, or at least an adjournment of a ceasefire, to give relief to the weary pieces Inade to tumble outofthe boardinto the Palk Straits and elsewhere.
But, is the fascination of the play of death something that easy to resist? Is it the justifiable feeling that someone else is always making sly moves, to jump to the centrestage?
I may be cautioned here, rightly so, of giving much less importance to the logic of repression of a challwinist majority of Sinhalas and the logic of revolt of a tormented minority of Tamils. I am aware of the fact that this narrative of distinction, having its own space and time, nevertheless has its Walidity if and only if the logic of revolt has an element of universality, of all minorities, here and elsewhere. In the language of mathematics, it is a necessary and sufficient condition, an
apriori cognitive ma rrative of any ri uniwersal tone,
From what I ha not be hard to Eras logic may exclude marginal characte: Culture as the Iliad wanderer etc. Yet, been and can bes sustain to find one plurality of narrat the ever-tenuous bg ity and madness, lis of private and the compress one into lish I clearcut dist them.
For instance, it is
and not suppress th
moderation despite vocations to do so. when a struggle, wil
to the level of for
into a fullscale war people by whom the launched. Moderati arrest a revolt. Wh into an irredeemab eration tells us wha spoken and what II
particular contexts
us that the heterog ity of the culture, O. struggle is launche not weaknesses to domesticated.
Thus, the logic inclusive if it has not the other way, minorities, within still wants to stake sality.
I must also ner inclusion I have sp! realm of articulatic of action, because: not to let the can speak and to insi their behalf.
But what is obt Ilarrative of inclu; geography wis-a-vi Lanka. This kind has takel 'Cover lor) let itself pass awal of militant revolt. different sets of Ilo North, the East a possibly one for th This moral geogr extended to India
As has already geography by exclu an appaгatus ппозt all the players in they are in Jaff Delhi or London, vehicle of this mora
It is one thing t. both Lankan and the face of truth : countless limitless the Tamils, includi

TAL TIES 15
structure for the 2 volt to assume an
di stated, it should p that even such a the speech of such rs integral to any man, the joker, the logics of revolt has ensitive enough to within the other - a ives and maintain lance between sane and death, realms public etc, and not the other or estabinctions between
necessary to retain e inclusive voice of the severest of proModeration tells us hich had graduated ce, can degenerate excluding the very a struggle was once un tellsus when to len it degenerates le che88game. Modtlanguage must be must be avoided in . Moderation tells Senuity and pluraln whose behalf the l, are stгепgths and
be exploited and
of revolt has to be to be universal and It has to respect all and without, if it its claim to univer
tion here that the oken of is not in the in, but in the realm it is sheer indignity Incerned minorities st on speaking on
lined today is not a sions, but a moral s the narratives on of moral geography g ago, but has also behind the screen That is there are rals working for the nd the South (and e plantation areas). aphy can also be and Tamil Nadu). been statud, moral isions and media, as easily available for the game, whether ha, Colomb), New offers itself as the ill geography.
accuse the media, Indian, of lying in is evidenced in the campaigns against ng the present war.
The media certainly aspires to erect opaque narratives --of lies, as some would say. However, it must be noted that just as the cold logic of militancy perpetuates the reciprocity of murders, the media's narratives are sustained. Their Sustenance is not because of their Veracity or truth content, but due to their everydayness, newsiness, in the face of a history that is mute,
In other words, the media, especially the electronic ones, lie: they are lying and they know it, and they know, that we know, and we know they know that we know, and nothing changes, because of this everydayness involved. Thus II edia narrative is the history that keeps forgiving, perpetually so.
I have seen this happen time and again. When the Lankan and Indian media went ahead to celebrate the July 1987 agreement between the two governments as a 'solution to the Tamil problem'. Or when Prabhakaran's death and his resurrection were announced in quick succession by then in July 1989. Or later when the Lankan Inedia declared the mystery killing of Rohana Wijeweera in one epiphanic tone of revenge. Or when during the pullout of Indian troops in late 1989 wham Chief Minister Wara daraja Perumal obliquely referred to the deaths of scores of Tamils at the hands of Indian troops "as a sacrifice made by us to win our rights' - something which he would not comment upon during the Indian occupation of Lanka, Or when Rajiv Gandhi wanted to usurp the hero's role by signing an agreement (a unique act mot because of its destined failure due to circumstantial reasons, but because of its wery indignity of speaking for someone else). Or when he declared in north India after losing the 1989 elections that the new government in Delhi had delayed the pullout of Indian troops and was wasting Indian lives in Lanka, and at the same breath, said at Madras that the new government was not interested in saving Tamils since it was pulling out too fast,
Hence, the very presence of media underscores an impulse to redeem the past, forgive history, in a nostalgic and flippant manner. That is the media is able to present history as the listener would be able to have it according to the prevalent moral geography, creating an epistemology and ethics of its OWL.
(To be continued)
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Page 17
15 FEBRUARY 1991
TGERSHAND OVER POLICE PRISONER
On Thai Pongal day on 14.1.91 the LTTE handed over a Police Prisoner of War to the head of the ICRC team in Jaffna.
Also the dead body of Police Sergeant Karunar
to the ICRC team head on the same day by the LTTE.
A press note issued by the ICRC team in Jaffna stated that the ICRC team saw 43 Sinhalese policemen who were in the custody of the LTTE from June 1990, on the 10th of January. After seeing these men the ICRC requested the LTTE to release one person from amongst them on humanitarian grounds for medical reaSOS.
The ICRC note said that the LTTE acceded to the ICRC request and released the prisoner.
It is learnt that the prisoner released by the ICRC is Police Constable Nagaratne
(No. 5434) aged 54 who was attached to the Oddusuddan Police Station at the time of his capture. He is stated to be from Ratnapura
The LTTE also handed
atne (1152) was handed over . ' to the ICRC team the
dead body of another police prisoner, Police Sergeant Karunaratne (No. 1152) aged 50. It is learnt that Karunaratne died on 9th January as a result of a heart attack.
Police Sergeant Karunaratne was attached to the Mannar Police Station at the time of his capture and is stated to be a native of Hettipola in the Kurunegala District.
It is further learnt that the ICRC team in turn handed over the dead body of the Police Sergeant Karunaratne and the sick constable, Nagaratne, to the Security Personnel of the Government of Sri Lanka.
No Confidence in Commission on "Disappeared
The Organisation of Parents and Family Members of the Disappeared, states in a press release that they have little or no confidence in the so called "Independent Commission' appointed by the government to inquire into the disappearances and killings in the country.
The release states they clamoured for the appointment of an independent commission, to investigate crimes, atrocities and the denial of human rights during the recent past, compris
ing members from opposition political parties, trade unions and human rights organisations in addition to the members appointed by the government.
"The present commission will only look into future crimes whereas our request was to look into all such crimes in the recent past within a specified period. , For these reasons we emphatically say that we have no confidence in the proposed commission of inquiry', it adds.
4000 WEAPON-HOLDERS TO BE PROSECUTED
The government has decided to take legal action against over 4000 persons, including a number of politicians who are still holding onto the weapons issued by the government for their protection during the height of the JVP's scourge of terror and violence.
These persons who also include several Provincial Council members and activists of the ruling United
National Party (UNP) had refused to accede to repeated requests by the government to hand over their weapons, senior Defence officials said.
"We set a deadline (January 25) and on its expiry the police have been instructed to refer all such cases to courts', Plantation Industries Minister and State Minister for Defence, Ranjan Wijeratne says.
88:Հ

TAMIL TIMES 17
It is understood that over 4000 arms still remain to be surrendered as repeated pleas by the government to hand them over had apparently been ignored.
As a high-ranking defence official explained, there was no need to hold on to the weapons given during the orgy of 'subversive' violence any longer as normalcy had been restored with the crushing of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP).
All police stations in the country have now been alerted to institute immediate legal action against those retaining these arms, which have now been termed "illegal'. Moves had already commenced in that direction, the official said.
“We will be dealing with
them through legal means as they had failed to comply
with a government request to hand back the arms', Minister Ranjan Wijeratne said. "There is no need to retain such arms any longer. It is our objective to cut down the use of weapons by civilians to the barest minimum. Emphasis should be laid on a gun-free atmosphere',' Mr. Wijeratine added.
The system of issuing gun licenses through GAs had also been scrapped by the government and giving arms and ammunition to civilians would be determined by four committees (including a national and provincial one). They would scrutinise all applications for weapons and grant approval for issue only after all four committees had given the green light on a step-by-step basis, authoritative sources said.
1441 Servicemen Killed Since June 1990
Cabinet spokesman Ranjan Wijeratne said on 31 January that 1441 police and security personnel had either been killed or reported missing in action since hostilities broke out between the government and the LTTE on June 11 last year.
In addition to that 1981
personnel were injured during this period but 1,309 had been discharged from hospital. Only 672 of them were still hospitalised. భః
The Minister added that 270 service personnel had lost their legs and they had been provided with artificial limbs.
ONE DEAD & 90 INJURED IN PRISON VIOLENCE
Riots in the Magazine Prison at Borella left one JVP detenu dead and scores of others hospitalized when prison guards allegedly assaulted them, eye witnesses said.
Legal and Prison Reforms Minister, Tyronne Fernando said he was informed of the prison riots but dismissed the possibility of any communal undertones in the incident. Justice Ministry Secretary when contacted said he had called for a full report on the incident from the Prisons Commissioner.
Prisons Commissioner H.G. Dharmadasa said, a prisoner was assaulted by a jailer and subsequently prison officers baton-charged the prisoners, resulting in one prisoner being killed.
Reporters visited the in
jured at the General Hospital, Colombo. A victim, Sunil Karunaratne (25, a third year student at Peradeniya who hails from Tangalle) said a new jailer had abused the detenues in filth when he had locked them up at 5.30pm. The very same jailer had repeatedly abused them again the following morning at 6.00am when he opened their cells, Karunaratne added.
Among the detenues, Karunaratne said, was a talkative one by the name of Ma na wa du w h o ha d cautioned this jailer saying, "after all we are all human, why do you abuse us?”
The jailer who had taken offence is alleged to have struck Manawadu several times, until the other de
Continued on Page 21

Page 18
fe TAML TIMES
We welcome you to our newly opened Sri Lankan cum indian Mini Super Market. A spacious convenient store brings several new facilities to Sri Lankans & Indians in the United Kingdom and living overseas it Variety of Sri Lankan & Indian foods available retail 8, wholesale # Fresh vegetables and frozen sea foods at low prices (Squid, Prawns, Shark, Crab, and different kinds of fish)
sk Original Indian stainless steel utensis (Kudam, Kuthuvilakku, Paneersembu, ldli, Puttu, Thosai, Appam, Vaddai and all kinds of pots)
k Electrical appliances & fancy goods s . (National & Sanyo Rice cookers of varying capacities, Prestige products, fans, wall clocks, rain lamps)
Religious items-Pictures of Luxmi, Murugan, Ganapathy, Siva, Saraswathy and frames; Sandalwood powder, Kungumam, Holy Ash, Incense, Joss Sticks, Oil lamp wicks, Saffron
Large selection of Tamil audio cassettes - new & old releases & devotional
(Echo, Pyramid, Bharat, Eagle, Gold productions) fr Large selection of Tamil, Hindi compact discs (Oriental, AVM, Lahari, EMI, T) # Old and new Tamil video films available for overseas sales only. Classified films on hire * Tamil & English magazines & newspapers available for sale
285 High Street North, Manor Park, London E26SL Te: O81471 5742
Open Monday to Saturday 9.00 a.m. to 9.00 p.m. Sunday 9.00am. to 6.00 p.m. Mail orders welcome
PERMA
INTERNATIONAL 13 Burnley Road, London NW 101ED
உங்கள் பிரயாணச் சீட்டுகளுக்கோ வெளிநாடுகளுக்குப் பொருட்களை அனுப்பவோ எம்மை நாடுங்கள்.
SHIPPING Seafreight - £1250 per tea chest or £2.50 per cu.ft (No Minimum) Shipment every four weeks. Goods cleared on your behalf in Colombo Collection arranged within Greater London
TRAVEL
Competitive airfares to Colombo, Far East, USA & Canada, Australia all other destinations WOrldWide & ܗܝ
For friendly, courteous and reliable service, contact: Percy Jayawardena (Shipping) or Raja Ragunathan (Travel)
Telephone: 08-208 2431 Or 081-208 4510
Fax: 081-208 1882; Telex: 896462 INFORM G
 
 
 
 
 
 

15 FEBRUARY 1991
★
OLD PATRICANS
DINNER-DANCE Saturday, 23rd March, 1991, 7.00pm till midnight
At: Wandsworth Civic Suite Wandsworth High Street. London S.W.18
Guest of Honour: Guesf Artists:
Rev. Fr. T. E. T. Rajan
Ravi, Radha and friends
Francis & friends
Mr. Ladislaus & friends
and many more acts by children DANCE TO THE TUNE OF LIVE BAND REFLECTIONS with Bailla Ming ALE. Manoharan, Siva Sri-Kumar & Visaka
PRIZES AND COMPETITIONS
LICENCED BAR AND SNACKS
Tickets 10 (including dinner)
(Children under sixteen free)
(Ali net proceeds to be donated towards St. Patrick's education and rehabilitation of the physically handicapped of the ethnic conflict)
For further information and tickets telephone: Mr. Nihal PancratiuS 081-640 2947 or 081-640-0271
Amir 081-685 1445 Antons 081-903 3249 Mr. R. Manmathan O81-866-9039 Mr. Mark Peter 0293-884.357 Dr. N. Rubakumar 081-3932474 Mr. D. Patu 081-540 7925 Mr. P. Francis 081-952 4151 Mr. Anton Ligory 081-683 1921 Mr. A.E. Joseph O81-690 3341 Mr. Vilvarajah 081-7718284 Mr. J.V. Louis 081-661 2458 Mr. S. Emmanuel O737-771966
Mr. V. Sabaratnam 0293-547032 Mr. S.K. Sathianathan 0283-41269
Mr. J.S. Albert 07:34-417042 Mr. S.R. Philips O81-852 2976 Mr. P. Nadarajah 0244-831790 Mr. J. Niranjan O81-540 0621
Mr. BoSCO Bastian O81-949 5736 Dr. Bala Camagasabai 081-524 0709 Mr. Vijevakumar 081-572 3302 Mr. M.P. Francis 081-951 0411 Mr. J. Arulanandam 081-203 6998
For further written information and details The Co-ordinator for the Programme 23rd March, 158 Ashbourne Avenue, Mitcham, Surrey, CR42BB
ALL PATRICANS, THEIR FAMILIES AND FRIENDS ARE WELCOME
Wet WORTH
DEFENDING Cultures in Exile
Lambeth Leisure Services
presents
Friday March 22nd 1991 FOCUS ONERITREA
- in association with the Eritrean Cultural Group
wrs
Saturday March 23rd 1991 TAMMILS OF SRI LANKA
- in association with the South London Tamil Welfare Group
VENUE: Surrey Hall, Binfield Road, SW4
TUBE:
TicketS: 3.50
Box Office O71-738 3801
StockWell
£1.00 (under 14)
Details: O71-926 9343/4

Page 19
5FEERUARY 1991
NEWS ROUND-UP
OTHE AIR FORCE bombed and destroyed what the security forces claimed as one of the LTTE's arms factories close to Kilinochchi in northern Sri Lanka on 12 January.
ON DRAWING President Premadasa's attention to the acute shortage of food and Inedicines in the Tamil areas, Wasudeva Nanayakkara MP has stated in a letter that it was the responsibility of the government to feed and provide medical treatment to the people. Conflicts between the interests of the military wing and the obligations of a civilian government are inevitable at times such as the present. If it is assumed or claimed that the LTTE grabs a part of anything sent to the north, is it the government's argument that the people there should not be fed or treated? The government was trying to starve the Tigers by starving the general population, the letter added.
O THE SRI LANKAN NAWY on 12 January intercepted nearly 200 Indian fishing craft in the northern seas off the coast of Delft islands and were ordered to turn back. O TWO SOLDIERS, identified as Cpl. Priyantha aged 25 and H.M.Muthubanda were killed and one, A.M. Thiribanda, was seriously injured on 13 January in clashes between government forces and LTTE cadres at Chenkalady in eastern Sri Lanka.
O THE DEAD BODY of a youth who was reported to missing from December 28 was found with injuries in a pit in a jungle in the Meetiyagoda area in south Sri Lanka. The sister of the youth identified the body as that of her brother G.S. Neelkumara aged 21.
OA SENIORNEURO SURGEON, Dr. N. Subramaniam, of the Colombo General Hospital collapsed and died on 13 January after climbing four flights of steps to see a patient. At the time of the incident, there was no lift operator to enable the surgeon to get to his patient. Several employees had left the hospital under the government's early retirement scheme which came into effect recently, Within a month 281 hospital employees took advantage of the schene badly disrupting the services in the hospital. Dr. Subramaniam was described by his colleagues as a dedicated neurosurgeon who personally and regularly took care of the patients under his care, O ASRI LANKA NAWY "Dvora' surveillance craftis reported to have captured a boat with 680 gallons of petrol allegedly belonging to the LTTE on 14 January five miles off the Madhagal coast in northern Sri Lanka,
O TWO LANKAN SOLDIERS were reportedly drowned while crossing the lagoon in the course of an operation by government forces with air support againstalleged LTTE hideouts at Karadiyanaru in eastern Sri Lanka on 13 January, The State Minister for Defence claimed during a press briefing in Colombo on 17 January that 33 LTTE cadres were killed in operations by government forces in Thoppigala in the east.
OTHE MALAYSIANGOVERNMENT has assured Sri Lanka that any amount of crude oil at concessionary rates could be made available if oil supplies from the Middle-East were disrupted due to the Gulf crisis, Currently Malaysia is supplying 300,000 tonnes of crude oil to Sri Lanka under an agreement between the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and Malaysian Petrowas Company.
SECURITY SOURCES claimed that personnel of the Special Task Force on 15 January in the course of a military encounter attacked and destroyed what was described as one of the forward bases of the LTTE at Thirukoil in Amparai in eastern Sri Lanka, In another incident on thic previous day the same sources claimed that at least ten Tiger cadres' were killed in the course of a round-up operation at Meeyankulam in Batticaloa and a large haul of weapons, explosives and vehicles recovered, OTHE GOVERNMENT is to introduce legislation shortly to invalidate all improper alienations of Land Reform Com

TAML TMIES T
mission's lands made to private indiwiduals from the date the Land Reform Law came into effect in 1972. The Committee which investigated into land alienations had found that lands allotted to many individuals had been under valued, or based on nepotism or favouritism or in flagrant violation of the criterial laid down by law. A government press release stated that it had been compelled to take this step in view of the alleged fraudulent nature of the large number of sales, transfers leases, exchanges etc. of LRC invested lands.
O ALARGE GROUP OF REFUGEES numbering 1261 persons, men, women, young and old, from the northern Jaffna peninsula arrived in Wayuniya on 18 January. From 1 January up to this date over 3000 persons reached Wavuniya from Jaffna, sources from there reported.
L LLLL LLLLLLG LLLLLL0 LLLLLL SLaLS SSSS CaaLL t S LLLLLL Janatha Wimukthi Peramuna (JWP) who is alleged to have had connections with 54 murders was arrested by the Kalatura Central Anti-Subversive Unit on 19 January. The arrested person is identified as H. Srimal de Silva Abeywardene who reportedly operated under several aliases such as Priyantha, Duminda and Sunimal, ODUE TO THE GULF WAR, Air Lanka is to operate all its west-bound flights mostly over Russian air space and departure times also have been changed. OSIXALLEGEDLTTE cadres are reported to have drowned in the Hulandawa Oya river in Moneragala when they attempted to cross the lake in a small boat which capsized during a storm. According to Special Task Force Commandant Lionel Karumasena, the two bodies with cyanide capsules which had already been recovered were those of the LTTE's Amparai District political leader "Castro and his bodyguard "Dennis'. Reportedly six men had attempted
OELEPHANT PASS ARMY camp in northern Sri Lanka came under mortar, grenade and machine gun attack by the Tigers on 20 January, Government forces are reported to have repulsed the attack with aerial bombing and strafing and artillery fire against LTTE positions. Meanwhile, the airforce planes bombed and strafed alleged LTTE bases in the Kilinochchi district where an indefinite curfew was imposed.
OTHESRI LANKAN NAVY on 20 January intercepted and captured a mechanised boat allegedly belonging to the LTTE with four of its occupants offering little resistance three miles of the coast of Walvettiturai in northern Sri Lanka. The boat was reportedly returning from Koddiyar in south India and was carrying a large number of cans of diesel, batteries usable to detonate landmines and a quantity of Indian lubricants bearing the brand name
Bharat Actuna Super'.
O SRI LANKAIS SET to lose an estimated one hundred million rupees a month in foreign remittances from Sri Lankan workers employed in west Asian and MiddleEastern countries should the Gulf war continue. These Sri Lankan expatriate workers brought in at least an estimated Rs. 1.2 billion rupees annually.
O THREE MUSLIMPASSENGERS were shot dead and Some others were injured on 22 January, when a private bus travelling from Batticaloa to Pollonnaruwa was subjected to gunfire by an unidentified gang at Kandymalai in Kiran in eastern Sri Lanka. . في OTWENTY-SEVENSINHALA villagers comprising 15 children, seven women and five men were shot and hacked to death and nine more were seriously injured in a 3.00am attack on 23 January by a gang of several dozen men in the remote village of Bogamuyaya situated four miles off Maha Oya-Polonnaruwa Road. Security sources accused the Tigers of this massacre. On their way to attack the Willage, the gang is reported to have fired at two bunkers occupied by army and police personnel in the course of which several soldiers and policemen were injured.
Continued on Page20

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20 TAMILTIMÉS
NEWS ROUND-UP
Continued from Page 19
OTHE GOVERNMENT has decided to amend the Air Force Act to suspend from service airforce personnel involved in attacks on the public, rape, robbery, house breaking and similar offences without pay until completion of legal processes. Currently those under suspension for such alleged offences were entitled to receive their salaries unlike those belonging to the armed forces and the police.
O PARENTS AND KINSMEN of missing persons in the Batticaloa district were sending him about twentyfive letters a day requesting him to assist in finding out the fate ot their missing family members; distraught parents and kinsfolk had to be told what befell their children and family members; some people had exploited the misery of distraught parents and collected money to find their lost children; the Batticaloa district was most unfortunate in these times as disappearances were still continuing, Member of Parliament, Mr. Prins Casinader (TULF) said in Parliament on 25 January.
O SEVENTYFIVE Tamil speaking Muslims from eastern Sri Lanka were recently inducted to the regular force of the Sri Lankan Army. These new recruits are to be deployed in the
east alongside the other forces in the war against the LTTE”.
O A SOLDIER WAS KILLED and two army personnel including an Army Captain identified as K.M.R.P. Karunatillake and two more policemen were injured when Tigers activated a claymore landmine on 29 January at Kumburumoolaijunction on the Valachchenai-Batticaloa Road. The Captain and other personnel were travelling in a jeep from Valaichchenai to Batticaloa when the landmine exploded. Following the incident, fierce gun battles took place in the Batticaloa town between combined police and army units and the Tigers lasting several hours. In separate incidents, a joint army-police patrol came under attack from Tigers in the Chenkaladi area, and the office of the Superintendent of Police, offices of the Deputy Inspector General of Police and the Batticaloa District Judge's bungalow were subjected to machine gun fire. On the same day government sources claimed that an Air Force helicopter strafed a vehicle allegedly with Red Cross markings at Kodikamam in the northern Jaffna peninsula after those in the vehicle fired at the helicopter.
O THE SRI LANKA AIR FORCE is continuing its bombing raids in northern areas of Sri Lanka. Three civilians, V. Maheswaran (30) of Mannar, Elaiyathamby Rathinam (6) of Kurubasiddy and Ponnampalam Kamalathevy (27) of Kannathiddy in Jaffna were killed in bombing raids on 25, 26 and 27 January. Lorries carrying relief supplies to the refugee camps in Mannar district came under attack from Air Force helicopter gunships om 21 January. In a bombing raid carried out in Mannar on 27 January, the Roman Catholic School at Andankulam was severely damaged.
O THE LTTE in a statement has sought to counter what it described as false propaganda that the Tigers were forcibly collecting two gold sovereigns from Tamils and that they were forcibly taking over their houses. The statement explains that the gold was being collected only from those who could afford and that too on a redeemable basis and for this purpose the people from whom gold is collected are provided with "redeemable bonds'. As to taking over of houses, they are being done only for the purpose of housing affected refugees. In the present situation when thousands of fighters were engaged in a struggle to keep the Sri Lankan Army at bay, a number of premises are required for their use and to set up offices to provide services to the people. Houses belonging to those who live abroad or to those who leave the area were being taken over only on a temporary basis.

15 FEBRUARY 1991
O TWO PERSONS one a Buddhist monk resident of a temple in Maradana and the other a Tamil youth from Batticaloa, were arrested with heroin worth five million rupees at the Katunayake International Airport on 27 January. The suspects had arrived on an Air Lanka flight from Madras. The heroin weighing about two kilograms was found tightly packed and concealed in the false bottom of a suitcase belonging to the Buddhist monk. Resulting from the interrogation of the two, the police were reportedly looking for a well known Colombo millionaire businessman engaged in the garment trade who is now evading arrest. The businessman is alleged to be the kingpin behind a lucrative narcotic syndicate that supplied heroin to the local market. The Buddhist monk and the Tamil youth were couriers in the payroll of this businessman. According to police sources, the Buddhist monk who had made several trips abroad before was allegedly involved in other rackets like illegal recruitment for jobs. Under questioning the monk had confessed that the businessman had offered him Rs. 25,000 to bring the heroin into the country and to the Tamil youth another Rs. 10,000.
O A MINISTERIAL TEAM comprising the State Minister for Defence, Ranjan Wijeratne, Trade and Commerce Minister, A.R. Mansoor and State Minister for Ports and Shipping M.E.H. Mahroof visited several places in Mannar Island on 27 January to assess the security situation. Following this visit, the team expressed the view that it was safe for the Muslims who had previously been forced out of Mannar to now return to their homes. The team had discussions with leading members of the Tamil community in Mannar who had expressed the desire to have their fellow Muslims back.
O GOVERNMENT SOURCES claimed that a LTTE highspeed boat carrying a large stock of fuel and medicines was captured with those on board by a Navy Dvora fast-attack craft ten miles off Point Pedro in northern Jaffna on 30 January. The sources alleged that the boat fitted with two powerful outboard motors was coming from south India when it was intercepted by the Navy. O PRESIDENT PREMADASA speaking at a recent public meeting in Colombo said learning all three languages, Sinhala, Tamil and English would nullify the claim for a separate homeland for the "Tamil speaking people'. If every person knew Tamil there would not exist a different category as "Tamil speaking people'. that would invalidate the argument in favour of a separate homeland for "Tamil speaking people'. Then all the people in Sri Lanka would be Sinhala-Tamil and English speaking people and there would be no question of a division of the country. O THE TIGERS BLEW UP a bus carrying a contingent of army and police personnel at Thiriyai in the Trincomalee district on 6 February killing at least eight and wounding 28 some of them seriously. The bus, which was travelling towards Trincomalee from Poodowkattuwa via Thiriyai at the time of the incident, was ripped apart by a landmine which was triggered off by remote control. O THE TIGERS attacked an army post in Weli Oya in the Mullaitivu district killing nine soldiers and critically wounding four others on 7 February. No details of casualties in the LTTE side are available.
O ANEIGHT-MEMBER government committee appointed to evaluate proposals for private TV channels has given the green light for two channels, a top official said. Two private enterprises, Maharajah Organisation and Tele Shan will now proceed with their plans to operate private channels, subject to code of ethics followed by Rupavahini, Committee Chairman, Mr. K.A.S. Gunasekera has said. A third channel, proposed by the Bright Side Network System from Bermuda is still being closely evaluated by the Committee. This system offers a satellite transmission which will enable local viewers to receive foreign programmes via satellites. The two independent channels which have received the green light will not be allowed to telecast news programmes and will be closely monitored by the government.

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15 FEBRUARY 1991
Continued from Page 17
tenues came to the victim's rescue, Karunaratne said.
He said the jailer concerned immediately whistled for the other jailers and about 30 of them arrived with two to three feet long iron rods.
In the meantime the beleaguered victims had rushed to their section and began to shout in fear, Karunaratne said.
The annoyed jailers had then allegedly ordered them
to come out of their cell in
batches of five. The prisoners Karunaratne said, responding in fear, came out as ordered. Two or three detenues who refused to come out, were dragged out of their cells and beaten.
The others were then beaten, bringing the total wounded to 90.
Karunaratne also alleged that a superintendent was present when they were being assaulted. The wounded were dragged to the gate leaving bruises on their backs, he added.
One of the detainees, Sunil pleaded with the superintendent for humane treatment towards them. The victims, piled one on top of the other, were taken in a vehicle to the Prison Hospital. From here, they were referred to the Accident Service and thereafter admitted to wards 52 and 23. Some others are hospitalised in the Prison Hospital itself. Manawadu, died on admission.
Joint Oil Search by India & Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka has reached an agreement with neighbouring India to launch a joint operation to explore for oil in the Gulf of Mannar, diplomatic and official sources said. However, it was not clear whether the two governments wanted to go ahead with such an operation immediately in view of the ongoing war in the North-East.
The Indian High Commissioner, Nagendra Nath Jha told a gathering of journalists in Colombo about further talks between India and Sri Lanka on the oil exploration project in the Gulf of Mannar, when Indian Foreign Minister, V.C. Shukla arrives in Sri Lanka tomorrow. The exploration of oil in the Gulf of Mannar commenced in 1967 during the regime of Dudley Senanayake. The work was entrusted to a French company which failed to strike oil. After that Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC) sought the help of a Russian State Agency to continue its highly ambitious oil exploration which also proved to be a failure. Later Marathon Petroleum, an Americam Company too tried its luck but failed to strike oil. Subsequently, a venture group headed by Cities Service Houston and the CPC made a similar attempt failing аgaln.
However, the CPC is certain that it could find oil in
the Gulf of Mannar this time with the help of the Oil and Natural Gas Company of India (ONGC). In October, last year, a senior CPC official announced the possibility of the ONGC carrying out a joint venture with the CPC to find oil in block 11 which comprises Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar.
Apart from the joint oil exploration project on a production sharing basis with the ONGS meeting the costs of the 'operation', Sri Lanka is to seek the help of India to carry out a full feasibility study on the British built Trincomalee Tank Farm with the ultimate objective of renovating it, sources said.
The Tank Farm was built by the British to store fuel for naval vessels. The facilities were used extensively during the second world war by the Allied forces.
Stressing the immediate need to repair the Tank Farm built by the British in Trincomalee the Indian High Commissioner Jha, further said that a team of "personnel' from the Indian Oil Corporation is to come here to carry out the feasibility study.
However, India's most senior diplomat in Colombo indicated that the two countries might not rightaway start repairing all the tanks in view of the financial "problems. The expenses are to be met by both sides.

TAM TIMES 21
SRI LANKATO SEEK $450 MILLION FROM IMF
Sri Lanka, expecting a severe beating this year from the Gulf crisis through reduced worker remittances and depressed tea and other exports to the region, is now certain to seek an Enhanced Structural Adjustment facility worth US$450 million from the International Monetary Fund, informed economic analysts said yesterday.
But, they warned that in return the IMF would prescribe a much more bitter pill than what it had given before. And unlike in the past Sri Lanka would have to first implement any such reforms in order to obtain the enhanced facility.
Under the previously negotiated Structural Adjustment Facility which is a three-year project from 1988 Sri Lan ka h a s obtained a total of US$187 million in balance of payment support in three tranches in return for reforms.
Under that facility the last tranche worth US$60 million was drawn last October and the project ends next September.
Among the reforms so far
effected under that scheme: were the depreciation of the rupee, cutting of government deficit, trimming of government bureaucracy through administrative reforms like early retirement of excess cadre and the scrapping of subsidies on food, fuel and transport.
The question now is what the new tough conditions would be in the event of Sri Lanka seeking the enhanced facility, which these sources said would be available in six tranches.
Fear in certain circles is that it could even mean curtailment of free university education as in advanced countries.
Meanwhile, it is now officially known that the threat of an escalating Gulf conflict had helped Sri Lanka to have a surplus balance of payment last year after many years. Sources said it was a direct result of Lankan migrant workers in West Asia remitting large sums of money fearing the escalation of hostilities there.
Official sources placed last' year's balance of payment surplus at nearly Rs. 200 million.
Scholarships for Undergrad Study in Australia
The Australian High Commission is calling for expressions of interest for undergraduate study in Australia under the Equity and Merit Scholarship scheme.
A press release said these scholarships would be in addition to Australia's current training program for Sri Lanka.
It is expected that approximately 40 scholarships will be available for undergraduate study at Australian universities in 1991 under the scheme.
These scholarships are offered in consultation with the government of Sri Lanka, a release by the Australian High Commission stated.
Scholars will be selected on the basis of academic merit but those from disadvantaged economic back
grounds will be given special consideration.
The scheme is divided into a merit selection and an equity selection.
Merit selection is based upon highest overall examination results, and equity selection is based upon minimum criteria results plus low family income.
Applicants must be between the ages of 18-28 on 1 January 1992 and have completed their secondary education by that date. Graduates are not eligible for EMSS scholarships.
There are two types of scholarship awarded under the scheme: Applicants should apply for either equity or merit scheme.
Merit Scholarships are awarded on the basis of academic aptitude.
Continued on Page 22

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22 TAMIL TIMES
—ങ്ങ
Continued from Page 21
To be eligible applicants must have a minimum of
two 'A' and two 'B' results in
GCE Advanced Level or equivalent qualification (minimum aggregate mark 280).
Equity Scholarships are awarded on a competitive basis to students who provide evidence that the applicant or his/her family participate in Janasaviya, food stamp or similar schemes, and satisfy personal and family income levels. Applicants must have a minimum of four 'B' results of 260 aggregate marks in the GCE Advanced Level Examination, or equivalent qualifications. Applicants must provide evidence of participation in Janasaviya,
food stamp or similar schemes, and personal and family income levels.
Expressions of interest must be lodged by mail to be received at the Australian High Commission no later than March 8, 1991, and addressed to:
The Education Officer, Australian High Commission, P.O. Box 742, Colombo 7.
Posted applications should be clearly marked EMSS EQUITY” or "EMSS MERIT" on the top left hand corner of the envelope.
If further information about the EMSS scheme is required please telephone the Education Officer on. 698767-9 between the hours of 11.00am to 4.00pm on Monday to Thursday, the release added.
Probe linto NGO Activities
President Ranasinghe Premadasa has appointed a Presidential Commission of Inquiry headed by former Supreme Court Judge, R.S. Wanasundera, to enquire and report on all aspects of the activities of NonGovernmental Organisations (N.G.O.s) functioning in Sri Lanka.
This follows the findings of a committee appointed by the Ministry of Policy Planning and Implementation which reported that about 3,000 NGOs, both local and foreign, are functioning in the country today. It has been reported that no framework has been established for monitoring the activities and funding of NGOs.
Further, it has been reported that some of the funds received by certain NGOs from foreign sources, as well as generated locally, are allegedly being misappropriated and/or used for activities prejudicial to national security, public order and/or economic interests, and detrimental to the maintenance of ethnic, religious and cultural harmony among the people.
The commissioners are expected to inquire and report on the activities and funding of both local and foreign NGOs operating at present. They have been empowered t examine the
provisions of law, if any, which have been promulgated for monitoring and regulating the activities and funding of such organisations. The terms of reference cover inquiring into the institutional arrangements currently in existence for monitoring and regulating NGO activities.
The commission will report whether any of the funds received from foreign sources as well as generated locally have been misappropriated or are being used for activities prejudicial to national security, and the adequacy or otherwise of existing legal provisions.
The commission will also inquire into the misuse of funds for purposes other than the declared objects of each such organisation, and the alleged disproportionate allocation of funds for established overheads at the expense of the publicly declared objectives of such organisations.
The commissioners are expected to submit their report within six months from the date of their appointment."
The other commissioners
3IΘ:-
OJustice J.F.A. Soza, former Supreme Court Judge and President of the Court of Appeal and presently Chairman of the Sri Lanka Foundation Institute

15 FEBRUARY 1991
O Mr. M.N. Junaid, Secretary to the Ministry of Home Affairs and Additional Secretary, Ministry of Public Administration, Provincial Councils and Home Affairs and a senior officer of the SLAS.
O Dr. K. Velauthapillai, Senior Lecturer in Microbiology at the North Colombo Medical College, Ragama.
O Mr. E. Eramudugolla,
former Senior Deputy Governor of the Central Bank.
O Prof. (Mrs.) Priyani Soysa, Prof. of Paediatrics, University of Colombo.
O Mr. Irwin Weerackody, leading advertising and marketing consultant.
Mr. Wimaladharma Ekanayake, Chief Secretary, Western Province, a senior member of the SLAS, has been appointed secretary to the commission.
51 DETAINEES GIVEN LEAVE TO PROCEED WITH RIGHTS PLEA
The Supreme Court has granted leave to proceed to 51 detainees in their fundamental rights application.
The Bench comprised Justices Tissa Bandaranayake, Mark Fernando and K.M.M.B. Kulatunga.
Forty nine of the detainees are held at the army camp, Boossa, while two others who are undergraduates are at present detained at the Sri Lanka Naval Station, Welisara.
Mr. Shirley M. Fernando who appeared for some of the detainees told court that some of the detainees were earlier kept at the Army Detention Camp, Boossa and then transferred to the
so-called rehabilitation centres. Fernando’s information was that no rehabilitation was in fact carried out in these centres.
Counsel submitted to court that if the authorities wished to undertake some genuine rehabilitation, they should endeavour to give a training in animal husbandry and agricultural pursuits as most of these detainees were from rural areas. If such training was given then they could easily be absorbed into their social lifestyles after they were released.
Court fixed the inquiry into the applications for February 26 and 27 and other dates in March 1991.
TAMIL CLASSICS IN JAPANESE SOON
MADRAS, Dec 2.
The people of Japan can soon enjoy reading ancient Tamil works such as Silapathikaram and Kamba Ramayanam — thanks to Dr. Shu Hikosaka, director and head of the Department of Buddhism, Institute of Asian Studies, Japan, who will be translating them into Japanese. He has already translated the Tamil epic Manimekalai into Japanese. Dr. Hikosaka told presspersons here recently that the Institute of Asian Studies at Madras had started its work on preparing multilingual dictionaries in Tamil, Kannada, Japanese and English. He said that dictionaries would be compiled with each of these languages as the core languages and the meaning given in the other three.
He said it was time Asians realised the superiority of
their culture and literature. Basic resource material was necessary to do comparative studies in Asian literature and the Institutes aimed at compiling such resource material. The Institute at Madras had started teaching Japanese at both the introductory and advanced levels. It would soon start special courses in Japanese literature. There was a lot of similarity between agam poems in Tamil and Manyoshu, anthology of love poems in Japanese. There was similarity between kogiki poems dealing with Japanese emperors and puram poems in Tamil. Dr. His oka, who had obtained his Ph.D. in Madras University for his thesis on "Buddhism in Tamil Nadu - a new perspective', felt that Podhiamalai in the State would have been a Buddhist literacy centre.

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15 FEBRUARY 1991
Closing date for сотpleted grid and coupon to be received is 30
March 1991.
Answers and the name of the winner - first all correct entry pulled out of a bag - will be announced in the April 1991 issue.
The winner will receive a prize of £20.00 (Twenty Pounds). All entries should be sent to: Tamil Times, P.O. Box 121, Sutton,
Surrey SM13TD, UK.
Across.
1. A sage of legendary times who enriched the Tamil language (7) 2. German wizard on the tennis Court (4) 12. Related to a parent through a religious ceremony (8) 13. In the past or Goa in disarray (3) 14. Editor briefly (2) 15. An earful could fill with sensation (4) 16. American tinguistics scholar whose approach was characterized by constant awareness of the links between language and culture (5) 17. Andre-Marie a French child prodigy who became one of the founders of electro-magnetism and electrodynamics (6) 21. Writing desk with drawers (6) 23. Chemical symbol of an artificially rrade transuranic radioactive metallic element identified in 1952 in debris from the first hydrogen bomb explosion (2)
24, Dr. Who's TV robots (6) 26. Jaffna's island of wild ponies Could be a town in Holland or even a glazed earthenware (5) 27. Zone identification of North Sri Lanka's cultivation systems (3) 28. Disorderly bar (3)
29. Biblically Abraham's place of origin now part of southern Iraq and known for its spectacular royal tombs of C.2600-2000 B.C. (2) 30. An area of great early culture (2600-1700 B.C.) with towns built to grid-like plans provided with granaries, drainage systems, public buildings and other municipal type facilities today generally thought to be of Dravidian origin (5, 6)
Continued from Page 9
33. Caninely inclined contemptible person (3) 34. Prefixed to 'ka' the lasting part of the individual human being or deity is an emperor of great renown whose edicts have been found in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in India (3) 35. The centre of thought, feeling and emotion (5) 38. Period of time or the fascination exercised by person or activity (5) 40. Armenian volcanic peak believed ಙ್ಗbe the resting place of Noah's Ark 44. Little ones (4) 45. State of apprehension (7)
Down:
1. Distinct periods in history (4) 2. One of southern India's rivers renders its name to a Class of Indian naval ships (8) 3. In the year of the Lord (3) 4. Ancient copyist of manuscripts (6) 5. Amazing work of 3300 verses which for 2000 years have imparted profound wisdom and a code of conduct and transiated into most of the major languages of the world (11) 6. If universe is earth, female, dark and absorbing in this concept of Chinese philosophy, "yang' is heaven, male, light and penetrating (3) 7. Largely primitive aquatic nonflowering photo-synthetic plants (5) 9. Outrage of a bestial nature (4) 10. Chemical symbol of a white lustrous precious metallic element (2) 11. A science often ill-understood by exploitive agrarian development planners and experts with dire consequences to eco-systems worldwide (8) 18. City that encompasses ancient settlements of historic interests and
time these aircraft on reconnaissanc
vegetable is sold at Rs. 60 a kilogram. Petrol costs over Rs. 500 per bottle, milk foods are Rs. 350 per kilogram, and a small packet of biscuits fetches Rs. 40. Families who formerly resided in the town area are believed to have either come down to Colombo or gone abroad. People seen here are mostly from nearby villages. There is no evidence of the armed services here.
The LTTE presence is extremely.
prominent. Heavily armed, they seem confidently at ease in this area of control. Medical drugs here have also hit a crisis level. Certain drugs are issued only to the "in patients with OPD patients having to depend on the open market for these drugs.
Twenty miles away is Kilinochchi, Colombo's one time granary in the north, now producing just one third of post '83 harvests. Ammonia fetching RS. 400 in Colombo fietches over Rs. 3000 and even at this price is virtually impossible to obtain.
It's Saturday the 12th at 8.30am, having a breakfast discussion with Kilinochchi's political wing leaders Gopi' a short distance from town. Suddenly two Sia Marchetti “Bombers' come into a dive just 50 metres away. Just one bomb is dropped on a wrong target. And I live to tell the story. Each
rushes into bunke them. Fearing the to get back to ( people have floode ly shouting fills th are coming”. Men a them throwing aw grab their childr panic and rush hel Seventy five metr first strikes. We direction. Fifty me bombs crash into nearby shops.
An ICRC vehicl
vehicles rushes to man (a foreigner) a walkie talkie. Ju start pulling awa despatched to hosp cles are destroyed taken, nine men, a A small exodus bi others I persuade take us back to Va incredible, Rs. 1,00 As we speed om behind the wrecket kulam security f dismal landscape and children seem
ΟΙΩ (Court

TAM TIMES 23
QUIZ CROSSWORDS - No. 1.
Set by: Richards
13
17 18 19 O
temples sanctified by the visits of Saivite saints and Vaishnavite alvars in the 7th and 8th centuries (6) 19. A member of an American Community whose prehistoric period is known as the Anasazi culture (6) 20. Replenish a certain kind of supply essential energy generation (6) 22. Expresses the unit of certain currencies (2) 24. Doctor of Divinity (2) 25. Perished violently without lawful trial (7) 28. In Hinduism a manifestation of a heavenly being on earth generally associated with Vishnu (6)
31. Popular events some even deadly at festivals patronised by ancient royals of many lands (5) 32. Disguise or pretence (4) 36. A heavenly body (3) 37. Consumed (3) 39. Greek alphabet closely associated with mathematics (2) 41. "A drop of falling sun'- remember Sound of Music (2) 42. Chemical symbol of an artificially made radioactive metallic element first obtained in 1945 by bombarding plutonium with neutrons (2) 43, Threshold point for higher education (2)
, are sighted high up e flights everyone rs. Naturally I join
worst I get to town Colombo. Over 300 d into town. Suddene air - "The bombers and women, many of Tay their purchases, 2n, keep yelling in ter skelter for cover. es ahead of me the run in the opposite tres away two more moving vehicles and
e followed by Tiger the scene. An ICRC yells something into ist then the aircraft y. The injured are ital, shops and vehi... The death toll is a woman and a girl. egins. With several a passenger van to avuniya. The cost is
0.
our way we leave d Kokavil and Manorces camp and a where men, womem ed resigned to stay
esy of The island')
Continued from Page 6
al ceasefire announced by the LTTE could not hold and hostilities have
resumed.
"We believe that the political framework created by your Government, on the basis of and following the
Indo-Sri
Lanka agreement of 1987,
provide the broad parameters for a reasonable and enduring settlement, Mr. Shukla said. -
Continued from Page 11
acquire an island or peninsula mentality when the whole world is marching
past you
toward new discoveries, new
ideas and new ways of doing things. Multiculturalism implies a halfway house - where the particular cultures of groups are protected but with an awareness and tolerance for the culture of others.
So let
us cultivate this halfway
house as a means of liberating ourselves from the dark nightmares of the past which have distorted and sullied our national imagination. It cannot answer all our problems, nor is it a substitute for genuine democratic politics; but it will increase our national sensitivity to other experiences, a sensitivity which, because of the dominance of the gun, has turned into cold-blooded callousness in the past few years.

Page 24
24 TAMITMES
“EELAM WILL SPR
TO SOUTH IND
- Thondaman
Minister S. Thondaman has warned that the Eelam threat might spread to Tamil Nadu as well, unless urgent steps were taken to settle the ethnic conflict, following the dismissal of the Karunanidhi government in the Southern Indian State.
"If we do not settle this problem of Tamil aspirations, and if the situation in Tamil Nadu worsens, then the DMK which was dismissed last Wednesday and the LTTE could get together and broaden the Eelam to include Tamil Nadu as well', Mr. Thondaman said, pointing out that the Karunanidhi government and the LTTE have been having close links.
"The LTTE will not be fighting the
Sri Lankan gove nochchi or elsewhe Nadu itself. The will also be affected contribute to such inaction”, Mr. Thon
Mr.Thondaman amount of Tamil pa All Party Conferen the aspirations oft said the Sri Lanka aim at solving the LTTE politically. T LTTE, though it wa militancy, is the sentative of the no Tamils in the count
"The Tamil Unite
16,000 Policeme Lack Basic Trainin
About 16,000 men in the police force are yet to receive their basic training, Inspector General Ernest Perera told The Sunday Times.
These policemen, who were trained at military establishments, constitute the Intensive Operations Trained (IOT) units, most of which are now based in the Eastern Province to protect villagers from rebel attacks.
Earlier in the South the IOT platoons were widely used to combat JVP attacks and to guard vital installations.
The IGP issued a directive to disband the few hundred platoons on May 5 this year.
The men were then to be absorbed into the normal police cadre and given about three months basic training.
Alternate arrangements were made for this purpose as the police college could not accommodate more than its usual intake. However, the platoons were reformed on June 13 when hostilities broke out in the North-East.
Policemen were given military training soon after the security situation in the North-East went out of control in 1983.
Large numbers were recruited to the police force and were given about three month's training by military personnel. "They were trained to meet a particular situation. They have to be reoriented to perform normal police work' the inspector general said.
A recent report made by a senior
police officer sug psychiatrists and so military trained po programme, so tha themselves to norm
Discipline and k personnel fell far sh the police force, the
Commenting on report concedes it
; other than commun
work. But, it adds, been warped by t training module no able for policemen their career.
51 DET PROC
The Supreme Cour to proceed to 51 fundamental rights The Bench comp Bandaranayake, M K.M.M.B. Kulatun Forty nine of the at the army camp others who are un present detained Naval Station, Wel
Mr. Shirley M appeared for some court that some of earlier kept at th Camp, Boossa and the so-called reh

15 FEBRUARY 1991
EAD A
niment from Kili"e, but from Tamil ndian government and we should not a situation by our daman said.
asserted that any rty meetings at the e would not satisfy e Tamil people. He government should problem with the he Minister said the s speaking through )nly proper reprerthern and eastern „ry. d Liberation Front
1.
B
gests the use of ciologists to put the licemen through a t they could adapt |al police work.
nowledge of these ort of the norms in
report observes.
their training, the was for a purpose hity oriented police their attitude has he exposure to a t intended or desirat the inception of
(TULF), which once was the most representative body of the Tamils could have helped solve the problems, but during that period the government was dilly-dallying with the TULF and did not treat it properly. The LTTE got the upperhand through this, and now it is powerful'. the Minister said.
Mr. Thondaman expressed the view that if the LTTE was not willing for negotiations, then the Government should at least aim at giving full implementation to the Indo Lanka Accord.
He said that the accord would solve the problems of the Tamils to a great extent. Until certain principles in the Accord were given effect to, the Tamils would have grievances and the LTTE would thrive on them.
Asked about the LTTE's declaration of unilateral ceasefire and its violations. Mr. Thondaman said that in the interests of the country, the government should still aim at resolving the crisis through political means.
Mr. Thondaman revealed he had held detailed discussions about the Indian immigrants with Indian External Affairs Minister V.C. Shukla during the Minister's visit to Sri Lanka. Mr. Shukla, he said, had given assurances that the Indian government would help improve the conditions of some half a million Indian immigrants.
Mr. Thondaman said he had told Mr. Shukla that under the Sirima Shastri pact, it was the responsibility of the Indian government to look after the Tamils who chose to stay.
The Sri Lankan government, he said, had neglected these people for over 40 years, and now government development programmes had not been extended to them. He said that he would press the Sri Lanka government to do something constructive about these people before the turn of this century.
ANEES GIVEN LEAVE TO EED WITH RIGHTS PLEA
t has granted leave detainees in their is application. rised Justices Tissa ark Fernando and ga。
detainees are held , Boossa, while two
dergraduates are at
at the Sri Lanka lisara.
I. Fernando who of the detainees told the detainees were e Army Detention then transferred to abilitation centres.
Fernando's information was that no rehabilitation was in fact carried out in these centres.
Counsel submitted to court that if the authorities wished to undertake some genuine rehabilitation, they should endeavour to give a training in animal husbandry and agricultural pursuits as most of these detainees were from rural areas. If such training was given then they could easily be absorbed into their social lifestyles after they were released.
Court fixed the inquiry into the applications for February 26 and 27 and other dates in March 1991.

Page 25
15 FEBRUARY 1991
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Jaffna Hindu parents seek bridegroom for doctor daughter, engineer, doctor, accountant, 31 to 36. M 458 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu seeks partner for fair, attractive sister, 22, following accountancy course. Defails, horoscope to M 459 C/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu brother seeks groom for sister, 28, nursery and veena teacher, doing compuler studies; and bride for engineer brother, 32, proceeding to USA for postgraduate studies. Details and horoscope to M 460 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu Tamil seeks groom for sister, 26, fair, attractive, Mars afflicted. Details, horoscope to M 461, c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu parents and permanent residents Australia seek professionally qualified partner for only daughter, fair, presentable, 35, second-year undergraduate student of Business in Economics and Finance, Australian university. Details with horoscope to M 462 C/O Tamil Times.
WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couple on their recent marriage.
Shanthakumar son of the late Mr. Thambiappah and Mrs. Thambiappah of Siva Bhavanam, Kokuvil West, Sri Lanka and Jayadaya daughter of the late Mr. Tharmaratnam and Mrs. Tharmaratnam of Meesalai South, Sri Lanka on 3.2.91 at Berner Trail'Auditorium, 120 Berner Trail, Scarborough, Canada.
Private Tuition
Tuition available. Pure/Applied Mathematics, O/A Level, Physics O Level. Hones visited London. Tel: 081-864 3227.
The Tamil ASSOciation of Brent's The Brent Tamil School
based at Alperton High School Annexe, Ealing Road, Alperton, Middx., U.K.
adjoining Alperton Tube Station Conducts classes in Tamil Language,
Religious Education, Bharatha
Natyam, Miruthangam, Veena,
Violin, Mime & Drama
on Sundays from 10.00am to 1.30pm
Special English Language classes are held for the benefit of Tamils recently arrived in U.K. For further information please ring Mangales: 081 961 0526 or Nala: 081 8663363 or Loga:081 9078831.
OBITI
Mr. Ponnampalam Cipal, Jaffna Hindu band of Packialuxmy, (U.K.), Ravi Shankar, (Sri Lanka), loving so palam & Mrs. S. Pon. brother/brother-in-law mathamby & Mr. (U.K.), Mrs. V. V. Sin (Brunei), Mr. & Mrs. & Mrs. P. Kandasamy Mrs. R. Visuwanathat & Mrs. R. Manikkawé Colombo), Mr. & Mrs. thar (Jaffina), Mr. & M. V. Sathasivam (Jafft vayampillai (Colomb (Mrs.) Sureshkumar, V. Ganeshan (Austra my, N. Nirkajan, K. V passed away on 18. Jaffna. Sadly misse loved ones. May h peace. - 4 Stonefiela N43PG. Tel 071 28
Mr. Ponnudurai Siv, Master, beloved ht loving father of Mah Australia), Jeyendrar nithy Nagendra, Bal Thirumoolan (all of U. father-in-law of Mrs. arajah, Mrs. Shanthir Mrs. Usha Balendra father of Arshetha, nath, Rathan and F. took place on Sunda) Kovil Road, Udayar quier Road, 1 onshrin 36O8.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

TAM MES * 25
JARES
Mahendran (Vice PrinCollege), beloved husloving father of Ravi Raj
Uma & Ravi Ganeshan n of the late S. Ponnamnampalam (U.K.), loving of Mrs. S. KathirgaK. Kathirgamathamby gham & Mr. V. Singham P. Nadarajah (U.K.), Dr. (U.K.), nephew of Mr. & (Ex-Mayor, Jaffna), Mr. asagar (Attorney at law,
R. ThirugnanasampanrS. S. Ramanathan, Mrs. ha), & Mrs. A. Namasio); uncle of Dr. & Dr. K. Sri Ganeshan (U.K.), alia), K. Luxmy, N. Luxishahari & Mayuri (U.K.) 11.90 at Vannarponnai, d and mourned by his is soul rest in perfect , Lennox Road, London 12102.
asoorlar, retired Station Isband of Gnanampal; endrarajah (Melbourne, m (Sri Lanka), Mrs. Sivaendran, Mrs. Selvanithy K.), Kulendran (France); Sarva-Usha Mahendrary Jeyendran, Nagendra, In, Thirumoolan, grandPiragath, Anuja, Geeva'eshmi expired. Funeral 7, 20. 1.91, at 9/1 Aiyanar Lane, Jaffna – 40 PasP176HB Tel 081 523
-"Tsar"
IN MEMORAM In Treasured Memory of S. Shanmugasundaram A.G.A. Born: 17.01.1926 Died: 09.02, 1985 This day is remembered and quietly kept,
No words are needed; We will never forget.
Fondly remembered by wife, daughter and family and all loved ones.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
March 26.30pm British Association of Young Musicians presents Karnatic Music Trinity Day Concert to commemorate Thiyagaraja Swamigal, Shyama Sastrigal, & Muthusamy Dhikshetar at Trinity Church Hall, Catford, London SE6. 7.00pm. ''Temple Bells", Bharatha Natyam Recital by Prakash Yadagudde at Purcell Room, Royal Festival Hall, London SE1. Tel: 071 921 8800/381 3086.
Mar. 33.30pm. Novena at Asian Chaplaincy, 48 Great Peter Street, London SW1P 2-A. Tel: O71 2222895. Mar. 95.00pm West London Tamil School celebrates Thiyagaraja Day at Wembley High School Hall, East Lane, Wembley, Middx. All welcome. Mar. 16 6.30pm SCOT presents A Vocal Recital of Carnatic Music by Smt Mathini Sriskandarajah and A Bharatha Natyam Recital by Shamini Rajagopal at Tylers Hall, Kingsbury High School Annexe, Stag Lane, Entrance near Library, Kingsbury, London NMV9 9JR. Tel 081 87O 9897/4228984/904 6472. Mar. 24 23Opm Bharatha Natyam by Unnikrishnan at the Commonwealth Institute, Kensington High Street, London W8 6NQ. Admission free. Mar. 26 7.00pm Sri Yogarswamigal Guru Poojah at Shree Ganapathy Temple, 125/ 133 Effra Road, Wimbledon, London SW19. Mar. 29 Panguni Uthtiram At the Bhavan Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London W14, 9HQ. Tel: 071 381 3036/4608. Mar. 97.00pm Hindustani Vocal and Sitar by Gouri Bapat & Vijayakumar Yagtap. Mar 23 5.30pm Discourse on "The Ramayana & its relevance today' by Mathoor Krishnamurti. 7.00pm Sitar by Shameem Ahmed Khan. Mar 29 7.45pm & Mar 31 6.30pm Carnatic Vocal by Bombay Sisters, C. Saroja & C. Lalitha with accompanists from India.
THE ANGUISH OF இ8
Sri Lanka's Ethnic Crisis and the Way Out by C. SURlYAKUMARAN ARTICLES & AN EPILOGUE
1983 - 1990 Sri Lanka Rs. 200/- E Sterling 5.00 India Rs. 100/- US $1000
Postage Extra (as follows) Air Mail Registered Post: US S5/UK 3/Aust. S6/ind. Rs.55/- Published by K.V.G. de Silva & Sons (Colombo) Ltd. 415 Galle Road, Colombo 4, Sri Lanka

Page 26
26 * TARAILTTIMÈs
V.N. Navaratnam Dies in Toronto
Mr. V. N. Navaratnam, former Member of
Parliament and veteran politician from Chavakachcheri died in Toronto, Canada of a heart failure on the 29th of January 1991. Mr. Navaratnam was practising as a Solicitor in the United Kingdom and in Canada since he left Sri Lanka after the July 83 disturbances.
Mr. Navaratnam had been a Member of Parliament for Chavakachcheri from 1956 to 1983, an unbroken period of 27 years. He had a warm, genial personality and maintained close personal contact with political leaders of all persuasion. He was one of the most popular members of parliament to have represented any constituency in the northern peninsula and continued to command the confidence and affection of Chavakachcheri electorate for over several decades. He had ar inCiSive mind and hiS COntribution in Parliament was of a high order. He was actively engaged in the work of the InterParliamentary Union and served for many years as a member of the Executive Committee.
He was above all a parliamentarian in the highest tradition. He together with his colleagues Mr. A. Amirthalingam, Mr. M. Sivasithamparam, Mr. R. Sampanthan and Mr. S. Kathiruvelupillai, constituted a formidable debating team equal to that of any political party. He reached the zenith of his parliamentary career during the period 1970 to 1978 when he was effectively the leader of the Federal Party Parliamentary Group.
Mr. Navaratnam was born in Cha Vakachcheri on June 5, 1929. He had his early education at Drieberg college, and his secondary education at Jaffna Central College. He joined the Law Faculty of the University but
V.N. Navaratnam
did not complete his qualify as an advocal the Sri Lanka Law College, he led the Completed the Advoc With first class honour He joined the Sri L. had an extensive Crim High Courts of Jaffna, Caloa. He had a briefs at St. Thomas' Prep Jafna. Mr. Navaratna a political prisoner by in 1959 and 1961 in Vi ence campaign of the
His death represer where the politics of t dominated by a group Who believed in Const
Thanksgiving Service
A service of Thanksgiving in memory of the late Miss Edith Kelk, retired Vice Principal, Chundikuli Girls College, Jaffna will be held on Sunday, 3rd March 1991 at 2.30pm at the Putney Methodist Church, Gwendoline Avenue, London SW15. Miss Kelk died on 6.2.91 and the funeral took place on 202.91 in Harlow, Essex
CRIMINAL CHARGES
Or
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CONSULT THE SPECIALISTS
M. Julius Melchior & Co., Solicitors 16, Ulysses Road, London NW6, 1 EE Te: O71 4357411
Mariampillai J. Melchior B.Phil., LL.B., Solicitor (Formerly Barrister-at-Law)
Wacan Administra
The Sout Tamji Wei requires an adm who will be direc the managemer deal with office and Supervise Ca
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The salary will including Outer Lc Applications sho writin
The Chí
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by Friday 15th including a wri vitae and giving
 

15 FEBRUARY 1991
degree and opted to e of Supreme Court at
College. At the Law debating team, and ates final examination S. ankan Bar in 1954 and inal law practice at the Trinconnalee and Battitintas a School teacher . School and later at nn was incarcerated as the SLFP Government ew of the Civil disobedi
then Federal Party. its an end of an era he North and East was of young professionals tutional solutions.
cy For tive Officer
h London fare Group inistrative officer tly responsible to ht Committee to e administration Se WorkerS. The
be devoted to
and be fluent in ish and will be linate assistance
in all areas of
WOrk.
pe £10,392 p.a.
Dndonweighting.
uld be made in
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airman,
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| March 1991, tten Curriculum two references.
Mrs. J.T. Arulanantham An Appreciation
"What doth the lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love, mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?'
When one thinks of Jaffna today one sees Confusion, destruction and chaos. But, there was a time when Jaffna was known for its tranquility, its intellectual landscape and above all for people of great character and ability.
Recently, Mrs. J.T. Arulanantham died in Kent, England in the home of her eldest son, Dr. Pararasan. In the vast scheme of things in the world today and amidst the ruins and destruction in Sri Lanka this event should be of little consequence. However, for generations of students who have gone through St. John's College in Jaffna, it is an event that touches us and moves time and place and brings us back to an era the like of which we will never see again.
Principals' wives, they say like their children should only be seen, and never heard. Their role in life is to make their husbands look bigger than they actually are. In the case of Mrs. J.T., as she was affectionately called, her husband, Rev. J.T. Arulanantham was truly a man of great stature that she found a role for herself and that was as a mother, not only to her own children, but the hundreds of little boys who were brought to St. John's.
Mrs. J.T. always projected an image of a lady who was both genteel and cultured. He manner of speech and her dealings with other people revealed her strength of character and her deep and abiding faith. She was also a very talented musician who participated annually in the concert of the combined choirs at Christmas in Jaffna. This was an event that attracted a lot of people and her presence there with her violin was almost a fixture.
Remembrance, they say is God's great gift to human kind and those of us who are now scattered all over the globe are truly grateful that there are people and places from our childhood that can occupy a niche in our memories without any terror that appears to have descended upon our people.
it is indeed a tragedy of great proportions that in our single minded devotion to become a people we have destroyed many of the great virtues that we were famous for. Not the least of these was our great love for education and our educational institutes. In thinking of Mrs. J.T. we naturally think of St. John's College, of her husband, Rev. J.T. Arulanantham, their children and the greatness of the institution to which we all belonged.
I am sure there are many like me who do not suffer the violence that has descended On our people, but the pain of witnessing what was very near and dear to us being destroyed is equally great. However, what cannot be destroyed is the legacy of people like Mrs. J.T. who leaves us with memories of a better day.
Professor Ernest A. Champion
Department of Ethnic Studies Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
Physics/Mathematics Tuition
In Pinner, Middx. U.K. by Lecturer. Telephone 081-866 3363.

Page 27
15 FEBRUARY 1991
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பிரபல நகைச்சுவை நாடக ஆசிரியர்-நடிகர் மனேகரனி மாஸ்டர் தயாரித்து அளிக்கும்
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TAMIL TIMES 27
ECONOMY HOME ER MOTOR INSURANCE
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PHILDMIN & HD
SOLICITORS FOR ALL LEGAL SERVICES
Conveyancing, Criminal Litigation, immigration, Matrimonial, Probate Wills, Power of Attorney LEGAL AND WORK UNDERTAKEN TEL: O71-7233018
109 Bell Street, Marylebone, London NW16TL

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AIRLANKA >
WE OFFER BEST FARES TO ALL AIRLANKA, DESTINATIONS, INSTANT CONFIRMATION THROUGHOUR NHOUSE COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEM. 4 TIMES A WEEK AIRLANKA DIRECT FLIGHTS TO COLOMBO, BEST FARES TO SYDNEY AND MELBOURNE VA COLOMBO, A LARGENUMBER OF SEATS AWAILABLE FOR SUMMER SEASON ON AIRLANKA, FLIGHTS TO COLOMEO. PLEASE MAKE YOUR BOOKINGS EARLY - CALL US ON
O71-580 4460
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Rad LITETTE HO/islays LİTTİP?
55 RATHBONE PLACE, LONDON W1 P 1 AB *
OAKWOOD HOUSING DEWELOPMENT LIMITED
BUILDERS AND DECORATORS 24 Hamilton Road, Harrow, Middx., HA1 1 SX
Te: OB1 B61 1103 Fa: O81 86 893 Pager: 081 840 7000 (0745782)
We offer a complete building and maintenance service Extensions O Conversions O Brick Work Roofing
Other General Building Work O. Plumbing Central Heating
We also offer
O. Overgrown garden clearance O Light removals O Fencing & Pawing
Household rubbish clearance
IITSLIran) Ce & Grant WOrk Lindertaker)
Wood Worm O Dry Rot Damp & Condensation Control
30 years gшагапѓае Please phone for free survey and report
 
 

UNIWEST INTERNATIONAL
TEL: O81-3689544
SHIPP|W
TRAVEL
FAX: O 584 8425
TEACHEST TO COLOMBO E12.5D OTHER GOODSAT E250 PER CUBIC FOOT. 2O" & 4O'CONTAINERS TO AND FROM SRI LANKA COLLECTION CAN BE ARRANGED FROM ANYWHERE IN THE U.K. DOOR TO DOOR SER WICE IN SRI LANKA
ECONOMY FLIGHTS TO SRI LANKA FOR ALL YOUR WORLDWIDE DESTINATIONS CONTACT ARIOR WICTOR WECAN ARRANGE HOTELS CAR HIRE INSURANCE
COLOMBO OFFICE: EUROLANKA SHIPPING, 39, 33rd LANE, WELLAWATTE, COLOMBO 6
TEL: 502.916 FAX: 5899OO TL: 2227O
19, Ryhope Road, London N11 DR
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Sri Lankar
and SOUit in Cian
cuisine at its best
prepared by ladies and served by our delightful girls
Mano, Kugan and Gluman Invite yOLU to experience the food ambience and hospitality that makes
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our island - a paradise.
extended buffet of enor Thous variely o aIday sunday (E 795 - Service
1-4բ.rT. R. 5-10բ.m.
E7 Sydenham Road, London SE 2E
e OB-676 864.1