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2 TAMIL TIMES
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15 APRIL 1991
CONTENTS
Sri Lanka, atropical heli... . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
After Ranjan what?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SS
People & Politics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ANNUAL
UK/India/Sri Book Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 All other cou Fiercest fighting since oubreak of war... 9 Pub
TAM TULs seeks Delhi's help on blockade...10 P.O SUTTON, S india's renewed role Sought. . . . . . . . . . 11 UNITE Phone:
Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of the editor or the publishers.
A DIASPORA
The last few weeks have witnessed a sharp escalation of the War in North-East Sri Lanka and some of the fiercest fighting between government forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) has been taking place in most areas. The body count of the dead and injured on either side has been unprecedentedly high.
As the fighting intensifies the plight of the civilian population has become ever more precarious.
The people of the north have been subjected to a virtual economic and Communications blockade Since the outbreak of hostilities in June last year. They have been and are being deprived of essential supplies of food, medicine, clothing, fuel and other items required for the people to survive. The presence of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Small quantities of items they are allowed to take and distribute, hardly meet even a fraction of the needs of the people who have been driven to a point of starvation. Credible reports substantiate the charge that several people have died of starvation and lack of timely medical treatment. The efforts of religious, charitable and other voluntary organisations to provide relief to the affected people have been and are being thwarted and hampered by the government and security forces. The total lack of concern and cynical disregard for the enormous suffering which the people have been and are being subjected to is demonstrated by the number of items that have been banned from being transported to the north. The list of prohibited items issued and displayed by the security forces include 'dangerous' substances such as surgical instruments, medicine cotton Wool, gauze, drugs including aspirin, disprin and panadol, shopping bags, plastic goods, Shoes, black shorts, sanitary towels, candles, Camphor, cement, vehicle spare parts, newsprint, excise books, kerosene, diesel, petrol etc. etc. l In addition to these items, because of the disruption of transport and the continuous fighting, even the transport of rice, flour and sugar are limited to very small quantities.
Besides the deprivation of supplies essential to the survival of a Community, government forces have resorted to and are subjecting the civilian population to
 

TAM TIMES 3
CONTENTS
The Indian election SCene. . . . . . . . . . . 12
O266-4488 Tamil Militants end hunger strike. . . . . . 14
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THE MAKING
indiscriminate aerial bombing with inevitable casualties in their thousands and the destruction of homes, hospitals, schools and other public and private buildings. Their economic and social infrastructure is being literally decimated. w
In the eastern province where the security forces claim to have gained control, people have been arbitrarily killed and thousands have 'disappeared" without trace.
The people are caught in the crossfire of a continuing war, deprived of the basic needs for survival, subjected to indiscriminate aerial attacks, facing danger of physical elimination and unable to endure the intolerable sacrifices that they are called upon to make. The great majority of the people in the north-east have been displaced and have become refugees. : -سی
It is small wonder that literally thousands have left and are leaving the war-torn areas. What they regarded as their traditional homeland does no longer provide a home or a land in which they can live in safety and freedom to carry on their normal life. Those who have the means and the physical strength have gone or are going to India. Many more are finding ways and means of taking refuge in western countries. Those already in foreign countries are helping their kith and kin to get out. It is reported that approximately three to four hundred Tamils are leaving the land of their birth each week. Thousands have moved and are moving to the south of the island where they live in appalling conditions but with relative physical safety.
What is happening is the tragic dismemberment of the Tamil community under a government which is prosecuting a relentless and ruthless war against a whole people although claiming it to be against the LTTE. The Tamil community on whose behalf a war is being fought with the declared intention to retain, protect and promote its identity and integrity as a people and as a nation is in the process of dismemberment and dispersal leaving behind the old, infirm, deprived and dispossessed. A Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora located in various parts of the world is already in the making caused by an apparently interminable war with no end in sight.

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4 TAM TIMES
Sri Lanka, a tropica
Tim McGirk in Trincomalee, where death squads calli "Black Cats' and Green Tigers' cruise around in unmark
The Sri Lankan soldiers were in the back of a lorry pushing around a suspected Tamil terrorist, a barefoot, middle-aged man too dazed and hurt to fend off their punches. The soldiers heaved the man against a crate of empty soft drink bottles and then stood back to appreciate the glassy music of their savagery.
'Jolly nice afternoon, isn't it?” said a brisk officer with a pock-marked face as I watched his platoon shove their victim over the side of the lorry. He slammed on to the asphalt road face down and was then dragged inside the gate of the 22 Army Brigade headquarters at Plantaine Point, which has become notorious in north-eastern Sri Lanka as a detention camp where many who enter either vanish or are found dead in nearby jungle with their throats cut.
Several prominent citizens in Trincomalee, who prefer not to be identified for fear of reprisals, claim that death squads also operate from this base, although they are not directly under the commanding officer's control. They call themselves the Black Cats or the Green Tigers, and they cruise around the town and outlying villages in unmarked vans.
The Sri Lankan death squads are hunting for known sympathisers of the Tamil Tigers, separatist guerrillas who control the northern tip of this island nation and are now stepping up their offensive in the eastern region. The army holds the main towns, roads and little else; the terrain of coconut groves and hilly jungle suits the Tigers perfectly. Since the civil war erupted between the Tamils and the Sinhalese Buddhist majority in 1983 it has claimed more than 20,000 lives.
Along the eastern coast, it is not a tidy war of insurgents versus army. The conflict is also devastating the Tamil, Sinhalese and Muslim communities, each a third of Trincomalee's population.
Hardest hit are probably the Tamils. Informed citizens said that every day several Tamils are grabbed off the Trincomalee streets or rounded up outside the refugee camps. Most of the 33,000 refugees in the Trincomalee district are Tamils fleeing from harsh army reprisals against the Tiger guerrillas, who attack then disappear into jungle dense enough to hide wild elephant herds.
Although relief agencies provide money to the government for food, no provisions have reached the camps for almost six weeks. "People are beginning to starve’ craid mina ramp worker.
Usually, it is the villagers who suffer security forces' frust guerrillas murdered village of Iruthayapu his fellow officers we burning shops and ha Tamil farmers.
In a raid on or months ago, 43 Tam: interrogation insid Point base, and so f been released. "I was for two days and b bars', said one form has since fled from T. some of my friends death. Then their cor together with tyres the camp'.
The Tamil Tigers h brutal. They dragoo the guerrilla force, a semi-automatic wea capsule to bite if capt dogma against the capitalist Coca-Cola area, under Tiger ( mand a revolutiona exorbitant fares for trying to escape by b Tigers have also sile critics in Jaffna.
At dawn on Wedr Sinhalese fishermen marans were just sp at the opening of Tr bay when a speedbo formed men raced ( fishermen with mach fishermen were kille
Fear ru
Trincomalee’s men army sweeps in, wi Morris The Tamil refugee g over his shoulder, ma else was listening. Th wearing black T-shir or three people away never seen again'. A rumour, the smoke ularly from the grour is caused by burning Under a thin ven Trincomalee is a city onfear. It was one of be retaken by the S from Tamil Tiger reb broke out again last of people have fled more remain as refu, The city's army co dier Siri Peiris, says h disappearances, but

15 APRIL 1991
heli
ng themselves ed Vehicles.
innocent Tamil the brunt of the ation. After Tiger policeman at the rah on 30 March nt. On a rampage, cking to death 11
e camp several ls were taken for the Plantaine ar only six have kept blindfolded eaten with iron er detainee who incomalee. "I saw being beaten to pses were heaped and burnt inside
have been no less n teenagers into rming them with pons, a cyanide ured and Marxist evils of drinking . In the Jaffna 'ontrol, they dery tax and set
Tamil refugees oat to India. The nced some Tamil
hesday, a fleet of
in dugout cataeading their nets incomalee's huge at with five unibut, spraying the ine-gun fire. Nine d and another 16
are still missing. Police blamed the Tigers, but other Trincomalee sources said it could as easily have been a Sri Lankan navy boat, whose crew mistook the fishermen for a guerrilla landing force.
The next day, 2,000 Sinhalese with axes and knives mobbed into the Tamil section of Trincomalee seeking revenge. "A massacre was averted because the police stopped the Sinhalese. In the past, the police have usually joined in against Tamils, said one citizen.
The Muslim community is also being attacked by the guerrillas. Over the past six months looting and killing by the Tigers have driven the Muslims into refugee camps around Muttur, a mainly Muslim town secured by the army.
A young Muslim widow told how her husband was murdered by Tamils during a village bicycle race. Now, the Muslims have formed their own rustic militia, with army permission, to guard their villages. But often, in their fear and anger, the Muslim militia end up taking revenge on hapless Tamils living nearby.
In the capital, Colombo, diplomats say that the poor and ill-equipped Sri Lankan army can never blast the Tigers out of their jungle strongholds. Some say that Ranasinghe Premadasa, the President, has given the army until June to re-gain territory lost to the Tigers before resuming talks with the rebels.
Few are optimistic about the outcome; so far, the Tigers have refused any offer that does not give them the eastern coast, even though Tamils here are not a majority. As one Muslim refugee lamented: "This island used to be paradise. Now it is hell'.
Courtesy of "The Independent')
les over Trincomalee
disappear as the ites Christopher
lanced nervously aking sure no one hey come at night, ts. They take two r who are usually According to local which rises regnds of a local hotel
bodies.
eer of normality, which functions the first areas to Sri Lankan army els, when fighting June. Thousands , and thousands gees. immander, Brigahe hears reports of denies army in
volvement. "Our job is to isolate the Tamil Tigers from the ordinary people', he says. Thousands of Tamils are regularly rounded up and brought before informers for identification.
As a result, most of the young Tamil men have vanished. The young men have either fled to India, joined the Tamil Tigers or been killed, according to relief workers. Refugee camps are dominated by women, children and old
ΥΘΥ,
At Clappenburg refugee camp, thousands of people are crammed into huge aircraft hangars, where each family has a few square feet of concrete floor. The government supplies food, but conditions are poor.
Camps which were set up as temporary solutions are threatening to become permanent problems as the war
Continued on page 7

Page 5
15 APRIL 1991
SLLLSGeLSLSLkekLCLMLMLMSSgLkLrLLrSTSkLTLSMLTTkLkLkLMLMLSgLJE
AFTER RA
Rita Sebasti
After Ranjan what? As far as the armed forces were concerned there was never any doubt that the strategy mapped out by Ranjan Wijeratne for, if not 'eliminating the Tigers' at least militarily weakening them would continue with the same ruthless determination.
Speculation that with the key Defence man gone, the government would adopt a soft line was dispelled as the battle intensified in the north-east region, following his assassination.
The fighting has been fierce and bloody. Both sides have suffered heavy casualties. Injust under five weeks the government claims that between 500700 Tigers have been killed and several more wounded. While the combined forces lost 111 of their men and had 136 wounded.
Yet the fighting not withstanding a possible cessation of hostilities is in the air again. We have already gone through the motions of a truce several times before only to realise that it was merely an illusion. Even during the 13-month long peace dialogue "war' seemed lurking somewhere beneath the surface, as was evidenced in several minor confrontations glossed over by the government, as the indiscretions of a few over enthusiastic Tiger cadres. It was only when fresh hostilities broke out in June 1990, that the government realised that things were not what they seemed, that while talking peace the preparations for a major battle was 0.
What benefit is it to the people, if the guns on both sides are stilled for brief spells, only to begin firing again. What the people and the country needs is a return to peace and normalcy and that can be achieved only through a negotiated political settlement that will meet the aspirations of the Tamil minority and at the same time satisfy the majority community, that its interests have not been sold out to the minority.
For so long there has been a naked hypocrisy among successive governments for resolving the national question. Parties in Opposition have been only too ready to make promises that have been easily forgotten when they have been voted into power.
Even today when political parties in the South campaign for the local polls, the first since 1982, scheduled for May 11, most of them are silent on the north-east issue. It is as if the northeast is some alien territory far removed from the south. How else would one reconcile the apathy in the south to
the killings in people in the been reduced that has ceasec conscience.
It is this set has made rival cerned Tamil powerful Ceyl (CWC) boss an and Rural Indu Thondaman as the conflict.
“I want som Tiger leadershi that they woul tion, and also a would be amen formula' says most people bel 'slip a golden op issues during th The Tigers it i ing time till the the new leaders hinge their fut that extent Sri I 011Ce Ill:OT82 Oľh 8 | with India, some tries would try t The fence-me the Shukla visit smoothing the r Sri Lankan estal co-operation and words.
The choice of diplomat and ir vant who serv Ambassador in Moscow, is indi ance the goverr relationship with ing bi-lateral ties koon, Special Ranasinghe Pre tional Affairs tol Forum recently, “qualitative" dif tionship between
Weerakoon ma that Sri Lanka o herself in isola India was her cl bour.
And in resolvi there is no doubt interested, give million Tamils in
Even in the f: expressions of 'c realised that th solving the Tam from within the

TAMIL TIMES 5
JAN WHAT
from Colombo
he north-east. For the uth the killings have a matter of numbers to prick their collective
ning indifference that Famil groups and concitizens turn to the n Workers Congress Minister for Tourism strial Development, S. a possible mediator in
indication from the , directly or indirectly, agree to my median indication that they able to a compromise Thondaman. He, like eve that both sides let portunity for resolving eir peace talks. s being said are markIndian elections. On hip that emerges will ure strategy. And to lanka will find herself confrontational course thing that both counheir best to avoid. hding exercise during nas gone a long way to uffled feathers of the blishment and making collaboration the key
Neville Kanekeratne, ternational civil sered as Sri Lankan oth Washington and ation of the importment attaches to its India, of strengthenAs Bradman Weeradvisor to President madasa on Internathe India-Sri Lanka he nineties will see a erence in the relathe two countries.
le the pertinent point entended to think of on, forgetting that sest and only neigh
g the Tamil question hat India will remain the fact of the 50 Tamil Nadu.
2 of India's repeated ncern' it is time we political will for requestion must come untry itself, it must
come from both the political leadership and the people.
Meanwhile the Indian High Commission in Colombo has been actively promoting rival Tamil groups in Colombo in their demand for an interim administration in the north-east region, comprising representatives of parties elected to office at the Provincial Council elections in 1988.
A demand turned down by the government on the basis that in the conflict ridden north-east no provincial administration is possible. The argument put forward by the Council of Hindu Organisations in the country, that also favours an interim administration by elected representatives is that, today in the absence of such a body the needs of the Tamils goes by default. Whether it is relief or rehabilitation or the question of disappearances and killings, there is nobody to voice their grievances.
But how realistic is it to assume that rival Tamil groups can move back to the eastern province and pick up from where they left off. So much has changed since then. The thousands of Indian soldiers who provided them protection are no longer there. The Sri Lankan forces, stretched to the limit to hold some of the territory gained from the Tigers are in no position to provide them a protective umbrella even in multi-ethnic eastern Trincomalee, the seat of the provincial administration. How then can they function effectively.
Will a man like Thondaman, therefore, shrewd and clever politician that he is, succeed where others have failed, and bring the Tigers back to the negotiating table. And will the Tigers realise the truth of President Ranasinghe Premadasa's contention, articulated at a recent election meeting in the south, that the Tigers will have a chance of resolving their demands only during his term of office. If they don't they will never get another chance.
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6 TAMIL TIMES
st Ranjan, Victim of Suicide Mission?
IN the absence of any significant breakthrough so far in the investigations relating to the assassination last month of Sri Lanka's State Minister for Defence, Ranjan Wijeratne, the opposition parties have called upon the government to appoint an independent commission of inquiry to probe the matter as "various rumours are afloat among the people, among MPs as well as in the armed forces and ranks of the police'.
So far the only concrete lead the police have had was to identify the owner of the white coloured Hiace van in which the explosives were packed. After investigations, the police have reportedly traced the owner and are satisfied that the vehicle was stolen by "unidentified persons' some two days previously at the Fort in Colombo. Police inspired rumours about the alleged presence in Colombo of LTTE's Batticaloa leader "Newton' two days before the assassination remain unsubstantiated and have been discounted as mere speculation. However, Defence Secretary General, Cyril Ranatunga asserted at a press conference in Colombo that it had been conclusively ascertained that the LTTE was responsible for the bomb blast' that killed Ranjan Wijeratne and 30 others, but he failed to offer any evidence to support his assertion.
Claiming that the LTTE has targetted several more VVIPs for assassination, the Defence Secretary alleged that a group headed by "Kantharupan' was responsible for Ranjan's murder. He also claimed that one Eliathamby Kirupalan from Kayts had travelled through India from Europe about ten days before the assassination and that he had transported electronic equipment and accessories required for explosive devices.
In the meantime, some credible sources say that the culprits responsible for this well planned and efficiently executed assassination will never be caught because the assassins are no longer in the land of the living and that it was carried out by a two-member suicide squad who located themselves in the van packed with explosives and triggered off the bomb as the Minister’s entourage approached.
tr Peace Moves as
Fighting Intensifies THE continuing intensified military operations by government forces in
North-East Sri Lanka in recent weeks have somewhat belied the belief that it
was only Ranjan Wij
personally responsible
a military campaign a and that "Sri Lanka Premadasa and other ment wanted the prob through discussions’.
The significance of cised meeting betw mannered and soft-s) tial Special Advisor, Weerakoon and LTT spokesman Mr. Law has been played down Apparently it was only ing in the coffee loung Nations building at Weerakoon had come a Lanka delegation att sions of the UN Hum mission, and Mr. Thila the same venue in t some expatriate Tami port for the LTTE. Af become acquainted bef pier times when Mr. Th a member of the L having discussions wi ment of Sri Lanka.
It transpires that du over coffee which last nutes, Mr. Weerakoon the LTTE's response ment's terms for a ces ties and resumption o some of the terms b should make a declara tion to cease the posse weapons; (2) other Ta would take part in any LTTE leader V. Prab personally participate Mr. Thilakar had LTTE’s basic stand til ment should recognise "nation entitled to th determination'; the LT make any declaration up of arms; the LTTE) of other Tamil groups any talks which sho tween the government but if the government was welcome to incl tives of other Tamil g the government’s del Prabhakaran’s partici lakar's position was, cern is for Prabhakar don't trust the gove: would not be safe in s No way will our leac The people won't allow
A Change c or Tact
THE induction of Weerakoon into the P
 

15 APRIL 1991
ratne who was for insisting on ainst the LTTE President R.
in his governem to be solved
he much publieen the mildoken PresidenMr. Bradman E's Paris-based tence Thilakar
by both sides. a chance meete at the United
Geneva. Mr. shead of the Sri nding the sesan Rights Comkar had come to he company of is to lobby super all they had ore during hapilakar had been (TE delegation th the govern
uring this 'chat' ed some 45 miwanted to know to the governsation of hostilif negotiations - eing (1) LTTE tion ofits intenssion and use of mil groups also future talks; (3) hakaran should in such talks.
reasserted the hat the governthe Tamils as a e right to self TE would never egarding giving rejected the idea participating in ld only be be, and the LTTE, was anxious, it ude representaroups as part of egation. As for pation, Mr. Thi“Our main conan’s safety. We nment and he uch a situation. er be involved. f it.
f Attitude
ICS
Mr. Bradman remadasa inner
sanctum would appear to have brought about a radical shift in the hitherto adopted intransigent attitude towards international human rights organisations and their expressions of concern for the human rights situation in Sri Lanka. This shift was obviously evident in the intervention he made om behalf of the government before the recently held sessions of the United Nations Human Rights Commission. Mr. Weerakoon's rather low key and unprovocative response to the severe criticisms levelled at the government for its appalling record was in sharp contrast to Sri Lanka's response on previous occasions. Fundamental to his approach was the recognition that Sri Lanka was facing a crisis of confidence not only a mo ng nongovernmental organisations but also among foreign governments which were beginning to articulate open criticism against the Sri Lankan government. They were not unaware of the tens of thousands of persons who have been summarily killed and made to disappear since 1988. Donor countries had already warned that future aid would be dependent on the steps that the government would take to effect an improvement of the human rights situation.
Late last year, Sri Lanka had extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on "Disappearances' to visit Sri Lanka to study the situation. This time Mr. Weerakoon went a step further and announced that Sri Lanka was prepared to receive the UN's Special Raporteur on Arbitrary Killings and Summary Executions. He was also seen having discussions with the delegation of Amnesty International which had been denounced as a "terrorist organisation' by two cabinet ministers only a few months earlier. Now comes the news that the government was prepared to allow a 'research mission' of AI to visit Sri Lanka. It is to be noted that the last time an AI mission visited Sri Lanka was in 1975 and since 1977, the government had refused permission despite repeated requests.
ye LTTE's Silavaturai Adventure
WHY did the Tigers invest so much of its military effort and risk so many of its cadres in launching the attack on the Silavaturai army camp in the Mannar district?
The well informed "Taraki' (known to be a Tamil who at one time belonged to a Tamil militant group) gives his answer in his weekly column in the "Sunday Island' of March 31:
"Their high command had sent large numbers of cadres from Jaffna. The attack group had taken coffins with it in anticipation of a large number of casualties.

Page 7
15 APRIL 1991
The fall of Silavaturai would have given the LTTE total control of that stretch of the Mannar coast which lies between Kudiramalai point on the northern end of Puttalam district and Arippu the estuary below the island of Mannar.
"The segment of Mannar coast is important for LTTE's naval operations for three reasons. First, the safest run from Tamil Nadu to the north of Sri Lanka is the one that zigzags through the shifting sandbanks which make up the Adam's Bridge between Thanuskodi and Talaimannar. It is also safe when it is off season on the Pt. Calemere Jaffna run; when the sea generally is as calm as a pond. No seasoned boatman would want to try his luck on a sea that is not manageably tumultous.
"To carry on a regular and effective operation on this run one must have at least partial control of this segment of the Mannar coast...But the LTTE can safely transfer large and precious supplies only if they can totally control and incapacitate the army in that region...'.
y Banned from the North
THE security forces have banned the transport to northern Sri Lanka of several goods many of which are essential for the life of the community. A list of the prohibited items has been displayed by the police in public places in Vavuniya town which is now regarded as a gateway from the south to the north.
The banned items include surgical instruments, medicinal cotton wool, gauze, drugs including Aspirin, Disprin and Panadol, gold and gold sovereigns other than personal jewellery, camphor, petrol, diesel, shopping bags, polythene, plastic goods, guns, ammunition, explosives, gunpowder, toyguns, electronic toys, appliances including remote control devices, compasses, binoculars, maps, route maps, shoes, black shorts, sanitary towels, printing machinery, spares or other accessories, roneo machines and stencils, tools to repair machines, candles, barbed wire, steel wire, nails, timber, jute sacks, cement, electric stoves, wire cutters, cycle tyres, motor cycle tyres, motor cycles, motor vehicle spares, aluminium balm, shoe polish, brasso, school bags, newsprint and plain paper without ruler lines.
st Interception of “MTV Sin Birds”
SRI LANKAN authorities are now seeking to cast doubt about the genuineness with which the LTTE made its offer and actual declaration of the
unilateral ce effect on 1 also seek te between the the intercept ities of the s quantity of w Sri Lankan T.
According “findings' of would appe purchased la ary equipm launchers, a ammunition arrangement the ship “MIV LTTE had 1990. Becau created by th the “MIV Sun under the na ping Corpora port a consi Singapore. T cluded speed tion equipme motors, walk ving kits, c binoculars a effected by a lingam Shan fied as LTTE
"MV Sun B and crew was the Malaysia cember 1990, boats seized v HP outboard a high power with twin pro consignment gines, four 1 115 HP engin were also 15 the type use with four ail frequency rac kie-talkies, 2 tion and 43 Seized docum ase of 7 rock machine gll weapon sight aging and th "MV Golden F
“MIV Sun B Jayapalan fr C r e W II e Praisoody alia Singapore ha tant for the sponsible for of the ship M According t Praisoody ha Nagapatnam where arrang get the cargo
The CID 'fi Kumaran wa sian export a he was using

asefire which came into anuary 1991. And they
attribute a connection cease fire declaration and on by Malaysian authorlip MV Sun Bird' with a eapons and crewed by 32 amils.
to the deliberately leaked the Sri Lankan CID, it r that the LTTE had ge consignments of militnt consisting of rocket nti-aircraft weapons and in Europe and had made s to transport them on Golden Bird' which the urchased on 20 October se of the complications e Gulf War, another ship, Bird' which is registered me of Point Pedro Shiption' was used to transinment of weapons from he purchase which inboats, radio communicant, high-power outboard e-talkies, under-water diamouflage uniforms and re alleged to have been person named Tharmamugam Kumaran identi's logistical officer.
ird' with the consignment intercepted and seized by in authorities on 13 De, Two of the three speed were fitted with three 150 motors and the other had ed in-board engine fitted ps. In addition the seized had eleven 225 HP en74 HP engines and three es and a radar set. There under-water diving kits of ed by frogmen together compressors, 324 high lio transmitters, 450 wal5,000 rounds of ammuninight vision binoculars. ents indicated the purchet launchers, Browning uns and anti-aircraft s fitted with thermal imey were to come on the Bird'. ird' was captained by W. om Jaffna and had 23 bers. Canaga sa bai is Captain David based in d been Marine ConsulLTTE and had been rehe purchase and loading V Sun Bird' in Singapore. o Jayapalan, Captain instructed him to sail to in south India, from ements would be made to o the north of Sri Lanka. ldings' further claim that the Director of a Malaynd import agency which as a cover and was living
TAMIL TIMES 7
in Malaysia. He was out of Malaysia at the time the “MIV Sun Bird” was intercepted.
st Belated Realisation
"THE suppression of minorities and the denial of basic fundamental rights of the individual in any country, big or small, could lead to a major security threat to that state and perhaps even cause its destruction', the Minister for Education, Mr. Lalith Athulathmudali said at a public seminar held on 3 April.
Inspiration in Verse
A purpose in pleasure or meanings through the enjoyment of song and verse - whatever these may be, Kopan Mahadeva has rendered in easy verse feelings that must be paramount in the hearts of thousands of Tamils in Sri Lanka as well as in far-off lands where they have sought refuge.
If tyranny is the mother of new hopes and creations, new vistas and opportunities, Kopan Mahadeva's poems speak loud and clear. Some are nostalgic, some magic, some inspiring and all of them remind us of our homeland in Sri Lanka - the land that we cherish and the land to which we will return one day.
Most of his poems in his collected work THE PEARLY ISLAND AND OLDER POEMS” speak of events, incidents and places that are fresh in our minds and they also underline the spirit, progress and the heroics of the community.
Every community from time to time
: are inspired by their bards and often
they are totally immersed and dedicated in the world of literature, nearly all of them one would say professionals. But when someone with an educational accomplishment in engineering and physical sciences takes to the vehicle of fine arts to convey his inner feelings, it must be inspiration that must truly belong to the divine spirit.
In his poems Kopan Mahadeva with great passion gives a vibrant spirit to the Tamil cause and national unity and it is for political leaders of the country to hearken to these sacred verses and become truly inspired to lead Sri Lanka to the sane shores of peace and harmony.
The Pearly Island and Older Poems are obtainable from Century House, 99-101 Sutton Road, Erdington, Birm gëm B235XA. Telephone 021 382
19.

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8 TAM TIMES
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Page 9
15 APRIL 1991
FERCEST FIGH SNCE OUTBREAK
Some of the fiercest fighting between government forces and the LTTE has been taking place since mid-March and reported to be continuing with greater intensity in north-eastern Sri Lanka. As the government imposed and reimposed round-the-clock curfews and the Sri Lanka airforce engaged in attacking LTTE positions, particularly in the Vavuniya, Mannar, Mullaitivu and Jaffna sectors, the LTTE also launched a series of counter-attacks involving many hundreds of their cadres.
The renewed army offensive began on 12 March to the north and west of Vavuniya in an apparent effort to secure the road-link from Vavuniya to Mannar in the north-west and Mullaitivu in the north-east free of Tiger control. Despite heavy aerial bombing, the army could not make much headway due to fierce resistance from the Tigers. The army's intended advance was halted with the killing of three soldiers and injuring of six more in a landmine explosion triggered off by the Tigers at Illukulam.
As the army was bogged down in its ill-fated Vavuniya operation, LTTE cadres using machine guns, mortars and rocket-propelled grenades struck at the army camp at Silavaturai located along the Mannar coast killing four soldiers and seriously wounding at least eight others on 16 March. The dead and wounded soldiers were part of an army contingent from the sixth battalion of the Gajaba Regiment. The same battalion last month (February 17) lost nearly fifty soldiers including two officers in a Tiger ambush. Just before the LTTE attack commenced, Prime Minister D.B. Wijetunga who is doubling up as State Minister for Defence in place of the assassinated Ranjan Wijeratne, had concluded his tour of the Vavuniya-Mannar region in the company of the military top brass.
In the Silavaturai attack, the troops were heavily outnumbered by LTTE's teenage cadres who were thrown into the battle in their hundreds.
Apparently in a diversionary move, LTTE cadres mounted a fierce mortar attack directed at the Elephant Pass army camp.
According to claims by security sources, 43 LTTE cadres were killed in two military operations codenamed “Tiger Flush' and "Blind Side'. The threeday operations which were completed in 16 March reportedly were directed against LTTE bases at Pulipanchakuan in the Thoppigala jungles, north of Batticaloa.
The LTTE resumed a major onslaught against the army camps at
Silavaturai al March which three days. It busloads of L ported from attack. Army ments which reported to ha counter attac against well tions. “A truc driven by a ploded one hu camp gates'.
An indefinit the governme. district and s following the security force against the with the help C cover after fou Kokkupadayal reported to har casualties on b
23 security killed and 56 these encounte was reported cadres were k them who were treatment at t pital presently security forces gunships and from the Anu) naval craft inc gunboat Supe craft to attack gunboats fired mm and 25 1 command ship and the Dvoras The Silavatura 100 yards fro forces later cla 115 bodies at S padayan, many male and fema early teens.
LTTE cadres on army and po Batticaloa city of 24 March. F the support of attack. Fightin of Tigers infilt and started fir at the army cal battalion of th police posts, th tion, the office intendent of owned building On 28 Marc) backed by air port moved ou

TING OF WAR
d Kokkupadayan on 20 continued for the next is reported that twelve YTE cadres were transJaffna to mount this and airforce reinforcenoved into the area are
ve launched a series of we
s from the sea and air entrenched LTTE posik filled with explosives iger suicide squad exndred metres from the
curfew was imposed by it in the entire Mannar ome adjoining districts TTE attack. While the s beat off the attack ilavaturai army camp freinforcements and air ir days, the fighting at h, two miles away, was ve been very fierce with oth sides.
service personnel were more were injured in rs. On the LTTE side, it that over 125 teenage killed and over 250 of injured were ferried for he Jaffna General Hosrun by the ICRC. The 3 had used helicopter SF260 fighter bombers radhapura airbase and luding a Chinese built r Dvora Fast Attack the LTTE cadres. The barrages from their 37 mm cannon while the used her 25 mm cannon their 25 mm Oerlikons. i army camp is located n the shore. Security imed that they found ilavaturai and Kokku
of them being those of e LTTE cadres in their
made surprise attacks ice positions within the limits during the night owever the army with air cover repulsed the g erupted when groups ated the town defences ng automatic weapons up occupied by the sixth Sinha regiment, five e Batticaloa police staf the Batticaloa Superolice and other state
5.
, the Sri Lankan army
und naval gunfire supof the Kankesanturai
TAMIL TIMES 9
security forces camp in the Jaffna district and consolidated their positions west of the camp and south of Keerimalai. Security sources claimed that they killed eight LTTE cadres while two of their men were injured in this encounter.
Although the security forces claimed a 'crushing victory' against the LTTE during the battle for Silavaturai, the Tigers hit back against Sri Lankan soldiers on 29 March at Veppankulam, a small town few miles east of Silavaturai, when they attacked with massive force and numbers, an army unit
conducting an operation south of the
town. At least twentyfive soldiers including two officers were killed and 38 soldiers wounded, 15 of them seriously, who were airlifted to Anuradhapura first and then to Colombo for urgent treatment. Some soldiers, including two officers were reported missing. In a counter attack, security forces claimed to have killed scores of Tigers. The bodies of 23 soldiers killed in the Wappankulam encounter were handed over to the Navy by the ICRC on 3 April. The LTTE had exhibited the soldiers' bodies along with their casualties in Jaffna before they handed the bodies over to the ICRC.
In a surprise attack, security forces ambushed a contingent of Tiger cadres on 1 April between Karadyanaru and Chenkaladi in east Batticaloa killing seven and capturing their weapons.
In the Northern Jaffna sector, the Tigers began an attack on the Karainagar naval base on 1 March and five naval personnel were injured, but the attack was repulsed. However the Tigers resumed their assault on the naval base on the following days firing automatics, mortars and rocketpropelled grenades. Several soldiers
Continued on page 10
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10 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 9
and sailors were killed and the wounded were airlifted to the Anuradhapura and Palaly airbases. The Coordinating Officer of Jaffna Peninsula, Brigadier Wijaya Wimalaratne was also injured during the attack by the Tigers who also suffered many casualties.
In fierce gun battles between government forces and the LTTE, security forces claimed to have captured the Tiger base at Nanathan in the Mannar area on 5 April.
Eleven soldiers we twenty more were wou ambush at Panichenke about 30 miles north of soldier victims belong Gemunu Watch of th army. The Tigers had missiles and then mach soldiers who were badly
In the Mannar distri forces numbering over began operations again bases at Adampan and
TULF asks Delhi to fo Colombo to lift block
MADRAS The TULF (Tamil United Liberation Front) M.P., Mr. Mavai S. Senathirajah, has appealed to the Government of India to pressure the Sri Lankan Government to stop its indiscriminate aerial bombardment of the Tamil areas on the island and also lift the economic blockade of the North.
"A calculated genocide of the Tamil people is under way in Sri Lanka using the absence of an elected Government in Tamil Nadu and the instability at the Centre', he said.
Mr. Senathirajah said that more than 5,000 innocent Tamils were missing in the Eastern Province since June 11 last year. They had been taken into custody by the Sri Lankan armed forces and the Muslim Home Guards under the guise of targeting and eliminating the LTTE. We are unable to trace them. Our fear is that most of these people have been killed. We have received hundreds of memoranda from the parents and wives of the people who have disappeared', he said. More than 90 per cent of the houses of the Tamils in Trincomalee and Amparai districts in the East have been destroyed by the armed forces since June last. Their paddy fields have also been damaged. About 75 per 8 cent of the Tamils were living as refugees in camps. But their safety was not assured even in the refugee camps because the soldiers and the Muslim Home Guards entered the camps and took away young people. Their parents and wives were unable to locate them. People from the urban areas had fled to the jungles where they were facing starvation.
Though Colombo claimed that it wanted to resettle the Tamils in their homesteads, the Tamils were not willing to go back as there was no security for their lives and property. 'In Trincomalee, under the guise of resettlement, more and more Sinhalese have been settled (in the Tamil lands)', Mr. Senathirajah said. The Sinhalese had
been colonised even o lands. About 4,000 p. killed in the last six mo is interested', he regre Colombo had also im mic blockade of the N food items are extrem people are not in a pos. office is functioning. cannot get even pensio electricity, medicines a children, how can our the TULF M.P. ask India to step up its p ombo to stop its indis bombing and force it t mic blockade of the Ta
'Violation of Genev
The Tamil United I has said the recent ae Velvettiturai in the J by the Sri Lankan Ai the Geneva Convent internal conflicts, acc neither civilian popula of worship nor proper
U Hun
The United States adı earmarked Rs. 1.64 b million) in assistance fiscal 1992. But in funding request the told the US Congress troubled by the huma committed by all partie including government "On human rights m ernment of Sri Lank sponsibility is to vigoro all extrajudicial killing ances credibly linked t and bring those respo US Deputy Assistar State for Near East Asian Affairs, Teresi the House of Represer

15 APRIL 1991
re killed and hded in a Tiger ni in Vakarai, Batticaloa. The ed to the 4th e Sri Lankan first launched ine-gunned the outnumbered. :t, government two thousand zt alleged Tiger Pappamodai on
11 April. Airforce planes bombed and destroyed two trucks carrying LTTE cadres who were apparently abandoning their bases in the face of the advancing troops. Security forces claimed that the Tigers left behind large quantities of weapons and ammunition in bunkers linked by trenches.
As of 13 April, it was reported that thousands of troops were moving into the northern areas giving all the indications of a major offensive.
)rCG9 ade
n Hindu temple 20ple have been nths but nobody tted.
posed an econoNorth. Essential ely scarce. "Our ition to earn. No Retired people n. Without food, and milkfood for people survive?” ed. He wanted ressure on Colcriminate aerial o lift the economil areas.
a Convention
liberation Front rial bombing of affna peninsula r Force violated ion relating to brding to which ation nor places y necessary for
the survival of the civilians could be attacked. The deliberate destruction caused to Velvettiturai cannot be justified on any ground', it added.
The TULF central committee in a statement made available here, said it had received direct reports of indiscriminate and arbitrary bombing of civilian targets at Velvettiturai and Vavuniya recently. Recently about 300 barrel bombs were dropped on the town of Velvettiturai, destroying houses, temples, churches, shops and schools. About 200 houses were completely destroyed. Seven were killed and 20 injured. Although leaflets were dropped warning the people about the aerial bombing, the attack began two hours later and was accompanied by shelling from the Army camp at Palaly.
Two Sia Marchetti planes also dropped four bombs on the market at Pudukkudiyiruppu in Mullaitheevu district, killing 23 people. The market was situated adjacent to a refugees' camp and a first-aid point run by the Red Cross. Kokkuvil and Murugandy in the North were also bombed, killing and injuring civilians.
The TULF had consistently opposed the war in the North and East since the outbreak of hostilities in June last year.
SA Troubled by han Rights Abuses”
ministration has llion (US $41.1 o Sri Lanka for making its aid
administration hat it was also n rights abuses s to the conflict, forces'.
atters, the Gova's primary reusly investigate sand disappear) security forces sible to justice', t Secretary of ern and South a Schaffer told tatives' Foreign
Affairs Sub-Committee on Asian and Pacific Affairs on Thursday.
In her observations on Sri Lanka, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State said:
"For Sri Lanka in fiscal year 1992, the administration is requesting 19.3 million dollars in Development Assistance, 21.6 million dollars in P.L. 480, and 200,000 dollars in International Military Education and Training funds.
"Sri Lanka embodies one of South Asia's starkest paradoxes. On the one hand, it takes pride in a strong, democratic tradition and dynamic economic policies which brought a five per cent
Continued on page 11

Page 11
15 APRIL 1991
Continued from page 10 annual growth rate for 1990. At the
same time, Sri Lanka has suffered two .
brutal insurgencies. Although the JVP, which has a brutal record, was crushed by early 1990, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam continue to wage a bloody separatist war against the government.
Deputy Defence Minister, Ranjan Wijeratne, who was assassinated on March 3, was the latest victim of Sri Lanka's tragic cycle of violence.
“We have consistently urged dialogue, not bloodshed, as the means to resolve Sri Lanka's ethnic differences. While the ceasefire in early January did not last, we are encouraged that the government left the door open to future talks.
“We are also troubled by the human rights abuses committed by all parties to the conflict, including government forces. The government's establishment of a human rights task force was a welcome development. We commend its efforts to maintain communal harmony and to promote military discipline while fighting aviolent insurgency. Plainly, a democratically-elected government has the right to protect itself from those who would overthrow it by force. Yet those charged with enforcing the law - including the Sri Lankan military and police - have a special obligation to obey it. On human rights matters, the Government of Sri Lanka's primary responsibility is to vigorously investigate all extrajudicial killings and disappearances credibly linked to security forces and bring those responsible to justice.
Beyond that, there must be greater effort to investigate officials linked to serious abuses. Discipline in the security forces must be strengthened. We have underscored this point on many occasions, including at the donor Consultative Group meeting in Paris on October 25, Other delegations, including the European Community, expressed similar concerns in their statements''.
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INDI
Former diplo academicians a leaders have de ernment of Indi lending its good ethnic conflict i. India should giv tionist, hands-o in Sri Lanka au cated a federa sovereignty and They were s trends in Sri I tions at a sem Centre for So Asian Studies, t the Madras Ch here for Indian Island Trust, C
Mr. Thomas Commissioner i the major politi mention clearly ifestos that the conflict on the importance. He were 230,000 fugees here wh honour and dig Indira Gandhi ism as one of th Tamil problem
Coordi
Mr. K.P.S. M. Secretary, said volvement in S Indian agencies not know what This led to the : directions, whic -tives. If Delhi
again, it must among its vario tions were to b clear mention solution to the
Mr. N. Ram to remain a s happening whe ernment was r bombing of its Tamils). “Geno by either Indi community', he its role, given bourhood and t here, and mus’ merger of the the North, the Land Developr ecutive and le Tamils. It sht solution. “As fa

TAMIL TIMES 11
A'S RENEWED ROLE
SOUGHT
MADRAS
mats, journalists, nd Sri Lankan Tamil manded that the Gova return to its policy of offices for solving the n Sri Lanka. They said ve up its presentisolaff policy” on the events hd they strongly advol solution within the
unity of the island. peaking on "Emerging Janka and India's opinar organised by the uth and South-East he Madras University, lapter for the Society Ocean Studies and the pimbatore.
Abraham, former High in Colombo, urged all cal parties in India to in their election manresolution of the ethnic island was of utmost pointed out that there Sri Lankan Tamil reo should go back with nity. In August, 1983, had discussed federalhe means by which the :ould be solved.
nation needed
enon, former Former that during India's inri Lanka, the various at work quite often did the others were doing. ir pulling in different h made for fuzzy objecwere to get involved ; ensure coordination us agencies. If negotiaegin, there must be a of federalism as the Tamil problem.
aid India cannot afford pectator to what was In the Sri Lankan Govesorting to a “barbaric”
own citizens (viz. the side cannot be allowed a or the international said. Delhi must play the facts of its neighhe presence of refugees , go into details of the Eastern province with
portfolio of Land and ment, substance of exislative power for the uld go for a federal r as ethnic conflict is
concerned, Eelam has to be redefined in federal terms and it has to be within the sovereignty and unity of Sri Lanka'.
Mr. S. Sivanayagam, Editor, Tamil Nation, said India's foreign policy under Mrs. Gandhi had a mind of its own and Colombo was always kept on its toes. If the present situation on the island continued, the Sri Lankan Government might reach a point where it could push itself into a dead end, politically, economically and militarily, leading to anarchy. Out of this chaos might emerge a solution that could satisfy the Tamil aspirations and give the LTTE an official recognition that India had so far denied. He regretted that between 1984 and now, India's policy towards the Tamil militancy had been one of drift and ad hoc approaches.
"Did not want to be cheated'
Mr. R. Sampanthan, former TULF M.P., said people should not jump to the conclusion that a major liberation movement would reject the federal solution out of hand. The militants, who were fighting for the Tamils, did not want to be betrayed (by Colombo) as the moderate Tamils had been. This is the reality that should be contended with. Since their armed struggle had entailed so much of sacrifices, they did not want to be cheated. He regretted that the Tamil struggle had been characterised as "intransigent' and “obdurate'. This was not true because Colombo had failed to deliver on its obligations.
Dr. V. Suryanarayan, Director, Centre for South and South-East Asian Studies, Madras University, said India's treating the ethnic crisis as Sri Lanka's domestic problem would be counter-productive. The door for negotiations with the LTTE should be kept open and if the LTTE genuinely subscribed to a federal State within a united Sri Lanka, India should play a benign role.
Mr. Thomas Abraham, journalist, said the present military situation was stalemated and neither the LTTE nor the Sri Lankan armed forces would be able to achieve a decisive military solution. Therefore, the search would begin for a favourable political solution.
Mr. S. Muthiah, historian, said the failure of developing countries to solve their socio-economic problems would see the birth of movements such as the JVP again and again.

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
THE INDAN EL
WANTING AWAVE
Mandal, masjid, stability. Eac
party has its own theme. Who
the voters favour?
THE WEEK-MODE opinion po
Yet another leader; any leader. Yet another patchwork arrangement; any arrangement. As long as they could continue to enjoy the plums of being an MP. After all, they had only just begun to taste the joys of being in power. Their appetites had not even been properly whetted by the brief time they were out on their rear.
The venerable Devi Lal perhaps did not realise the damning indictment of himself and his fellow politicians in his plea on the last day of the ninth Lok Sabha that the MPs be asked to vote on whether they were in favour of a mid-term poll. Fortunately, there was no provision for such a vote. The decision was the President's alone.
Politicians of all shades, shapes and sizes met the President in the days it took for Parliament to enact the essential legislative business and the President to announce his decision. They also met among themselves. Patch-up was the new buzz word.
Any means and anyone was acceptable as long as a "patch-up' could be brought about. A strong reluctance to give up their perks so soon was behind all the desperation. But more compelling was their fear. Fear of having to go back to the electorate and explain why they were back so soon with their empty promises.
The President, however, finally left them with no other choice. But the departing MPs gave themselves a lavish parting gift - a hefty pay hike and generous increases in pensions and other facilities. They voted in greed, while weeping over the country's empty coffers.
So, clutching their self-gifts the MPs tremulously embark on two months of what could become rather embarrassing campaigning for many.
But then the voters are infinitely forgiving. And they have no escape from the elections. Even if they are sick of the charade, they will form snaking lines at the booth. For them, the ritual has become addictive.
This could well be one of the most divisive polls. For each party has its own pet theme to woo the voter. And each theme is designed to divide the electorate rather than integrate the polity.
For V.P. Singh, who has cobbled a
broad front of commu) al parties, 'secular a would be the theme
social justice is base society on caste lines i him, at least. And as : parties like the DMK
were dismissed by Shekhar government an added issue, even it growth of more region
The BJP is harking Карааia and таkаап
Best Sui to be F
CHANDRA SHEKHAR 26%
17%
are understood. Its spans the country. I usherin an era of ‘gen Its plea is that it shou chance aseveryone el not against the mir Hindutva, it argues, i. Chandra Shekhar's joyously of a Shekha submerge everything formance as PM has ing considerably no credibility of his party ministers could not be socialism is dead even origin. So what wi theme song? No one l
Which leaves the Rajiv Gandhi, with please' appeal. The in party which destabilis and that too on the issues. Will it be lost too?
As campaigning pi word to gain cur 'alliances'. In 198 alliances in plenty, w on-one contest in mos But this time, alliance as the patch-up just b tion. All the parties ha
 

15 APRIL 1991
lists and regionLd social justice' song. That this on division of is immaterial. To a sop to regional and AGP, which the Chandra “federalism' is fit promotes the al parties.
on Ram and roti. , One Supposes,
ited PM
RAJW GANDH 42%
11%
ambition now ts promise is to uine secularism”. ld now be given a se has failed. It is orities, it says. s not a bad word. 3 minions speak r wave that will else. His perraised his standdoubt. But the and many of his any lower. And in the land of its l be Shekhar's (nows as yet.
Congress(I) and their 'stability ony islost on a ed a government most trivial of on the electorate
cks up, the new rency will be 9, there were hich saw a onet constituencies. s seem as remote fore the dissoluve vowed to go it
TON SCENE
alone and each is determined to secure its vote bank, no matter what it has to do to achieve that.
The stakes, after all, are the highest this time for everyone - their very survival.
To gauge the public mood at the starting post of this year's electoral race, THE WEEK commissioned MODE, an independent market research agency, to do a snap opinion poll in seven major cities: Delhi, Madras, Calcutta, Bombay, Bangalore, Lucknow and Patna. MODE interviewers spoke to more than 200 persons in each city in a random streetcorner sampling during March 10-13 to elicit their response to the fall of the government and expectations of the shape of things to come. And, most important, they were asked whom they would vote for if elections were held tomorrow.
In an earlier poll taken soon after Chandra Shekhar was sworn in as Prime Minister, a majority of respondents had said that the new government would not last more than six months. Their prognosis turned out to be only too true. The fall of the Chandra Shekhar government was greeted by most respondents with a sense of resignation. But the Congress(I) came off rather poorly for pulling the government down for the reasons it did.
Not surprisingly perhaps, 58 per cent of all respondents said that the Congress(I) decision to abstain from the Lok Sabha was wrong. Only 34 per cent believed it was right. The feeling
Cong(l) abstaining from Parliament
Right 34
Wrong 58
Can't say 8
that the Congress(I) had done wrong was the strongest in Madras (65 per cent), Bangalore (67 per cent) and Lucknow (61 per cent). Incidentally, in these capitals a government had fallen because of the Congress(I)'s manipulations or was under threat from it. The lowest figure was in Patna (45 per cent).
About two-thirds of the respondents approved of President R. Venkataraman's handling of the whole situation and the continuation of Chandra Shekhar as caretaker Prime Minister. Disapproval of the President's handling of the issue was the highest in Lucknow (46 per cent), while disapproval of Chandra Shekhar con

Page 13
15 APRIL 1991
Will any party Which party will Wh get majority? get majority? you YES 44 Cong(I) 66 NO 50 JD/NF 12 CAN'T SAY 5 JD(S) 9
BJP 11
CAN'T SAY 1
tinuing as caretaker Prime Minister was 47 per cent in Bombay, Madras, Bangalore, and Patna.
The man who has emerged with a far brighter i image from the recent political developments is Chandra Shekhar. Possibly because not much was expected of him in the first place, Shekhar has acquired a new reputation, among the urban electorate at
Performance
of JD(S) govt
and Shekhar as PM
Better than VP govt/ expected
51 31
Equal to VP govt/ exрёсted
25 38
Worse than VP govt/ expected
27 27
Can't say 3
least. Over all, 51 per cent felt that his government's performance was better than that of the W.P. Singh-led National Front government.
The Janata Dal(S) scored the maximum on this point in Delhi (70 per cent) and Calcutta (54 per cent). It got 39 per cent each in Bangalore and Madras and 46 per cent in Lucknow. The lowest score was in Patna (6 per cent), where the rival Janata Dal is in power. Only 21 per cent felt that this government's performance was worse than that of the previous one - the maximum being in Bangalore (41 per cent). And 25 per cent felt that it was equal - the maximum being in Lucknow (40 per cent).
It was his performance as Prime Minister that earned Shekhar the most approval. Over two-thirds felt that he had acquitted himself better than expected (31 per cent) or just as expected (38 per cent). Not surprisingly, 43 per cent of respondents in Delhi felt that he had performed better than expected, while in Bangalore only 19 per cent felt so.
Who is best suited to be Prime Minister? Believe it or not, the respondents rated Chandra Shekhar next only to. Rajiv Gandhi, whom 42 per
cent favoured. Wi side, Shekhar can Singh (17 per ce (11 per cent). Dev able one per cent. all the more rem that in an opinion he had scored a w Shekhar's lowe were in the sout cent) and Bangal and the highest i ghold of Calcutta lowed by 30 per Gandhi scored 31 the cities. Surprisingly, V.F maximum in Mad the lowest in Bom Lucknow (6 per c. over a year ago, V over 40 per cen Advani scored the lore (21 per cent) a cent). There is another the respondents' r ers: Chandra She kempt beard and have won the wo Consistently acros tres, Chandra She Dal(S) got better than men.
Whether these leaders will trans. votes remains to obvious that all th do a lot of catcl Gandhi in the wet
And their succe depend on what i. and how well the electorate.
As far as our I cerned, the issu hearts are: Ayoc price rise (22 per the Centre (15 pe dal issue (13 per (
Expectedly, Ay the maximum ir cent) and Bomba the minimum in N Also, more people cent) as compare cent) rated this is Mandal, not sur biggest following i and the lowest in Only 12 per cent i al, where the an

m will Vote for?
40 12 11 12 11
h 26 per cent on his
e well ahead of V.P.
t) and L.K. Advani Lal scored a miserShekhar's rating is arkable considering poll held in January, oeful 4 per cent.
st scores this time h — Madras (13 per ore (14 per cent) - n the Marxist stron
(38 per cent), - fol:ent in Patna. Rajiv to 50 per cent in all
'. Singh scored the ras (37 per cent) and bay (17 per cent) and nt). In a similar poll .P. Singh had scored t in Bombay. L.K. maximum in Bangaand Lucknow (28 per
interesting aspect to 'atings of these leadekhar, with his unall that, seems to men voters' hearts. 3s all the seven cenkhar and the Janata ratings from women
ratings of the top late themselves into be seen. But it is e others will need to ling up with Rajiv ks ahead. ss in doing that will sues they highlight e go down with the
espondents are cones closest to their hya (22 per cent), cent), instability at cent) and the Manent).
pdhya issue scored Lucknow (37 per " (28 per cent), and Ladras (11 per cent). n Bangalore (21 per Il to Patna (17. per ue as important. risingly, found the Patna (31 per cent) alcutta (7 per cent). In the national capiti-reservation agita
TAM MES 13
tion was immolatingly emotional, and in Lucknow felt it would be a major election issue.
Surprisingly again, despite the fall of two governments in less than six months, instability at the Centre was not cited as a major issue in any city except Madras (25 per cent). It was as low as one per cent in Lucknow. Also, very few felt that there was any threat to national unity.
Important campaign issues
Ayodhya 22
Mandal 13
Corruption 2 Unemployment 16
Price rise 22
instability of Central govt 15
Threat to national unity 4.
On the questions of who should ally or merge with whom, the respondents had very definite views. Forty-one per cent felt that the Janata Dal(S) should go it alone, 29 per cent felt it should merge with the Congress(I) while only 17 per cent would like it to rejoin the Janata Dal.
Citywise, 55 percent in Delhi felt the Janata Dal(S) should go it alone, 35 per cent in Madras and 37 per cent in
Preferred allies/mergers
for against JD(S) and JD 16 70
JD(S) and Cong(l) 28 58
Left with JD/NF 33 53
Left with Cong(!) 16 70
Bombay felt it should merge with the Congress(I) while 25 per cent each in Bangalore were for its merger with the Congress(I) and the Janata Dal. In Lucknow, where the government is headed by a Janata Dal(S) man, only seven per cent felt the party should merge with Janata Dal and 37 per cent wanted it to go it alone as compared to 31 per cent in Patna.
As far as the left parties are concerned, 36 per cent felt they should
Continued on page 14

Page 14
*4 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 13
remain neutral while 33 per cent were in favour of continuing the alliance with the Janata Dal-National Front. Only 16 percent felt they should break away from the Janata Dal and back the Congress(I). In the CPI(M) citadel of Calcutta, 48 per cent felt that the party should remain neutral while 36 per cent felt it should continue to support the Janata Dal.
And finally, what do the people think would be the outcome of the general elections and who would they vote for? On the latter question, the Congress(I) led with 40 per cent overall. Coming way behind are the Janata Dal and the BJP (12 per cent each) and Janata Dal(S) with 11 per cent. The fall in rating of the Janata Dal has been rather precipitous compared to its standing a year ago. Its rating then was around 30 per cent.
Citywise, the Congress(I) scored between 30 and 50 per cent in all the centres - the maximum was in Madras (48 per cent), where the Janata Dal surprisingly got 31 per cent. The Janata Dal seems to be out of favour in UP,
scoring a measly six p now. Its best bet seem per cent in Patna). Th scored the maximum cent) and 15 and 10 p. and Lucknow, respecti
The BJP registered i
While 50% no single pal get a major ruled OtherW 66% of the II the Cong WOuld win a
Delhi (20 per cent), L cent) and Bangalore ( fact, the BJP seems to its gains in Bangalor with Advani’s persona per cent in Bangalore in Lucknow. If the tre could well end up beir versus BJP fight in
Tamil Militants en
PUDUKOTTAI.
The hunger strike by about 150 Sri Lankan Tamil militants detained at Borstal School here ended after Mrs. Sheela Rani Chunkath, the Collector, held talks with them.
The demands of the militants were that they should be treated on a par with refugees and allowed free outing and instead of cooked food that was being provided to them they wanted rations given so that they could cook food in their Sri Lankan style.
During the talks it was given out that free outing impinged on policy and it had to be decided by the Government. If any of the militants wished to return to Sri Lanka their request would be considered and they would be sent back to Sri Lanka after getting permission from the Government.
Meanwhile nine Sri Lankan Tamil refugees were taken into custody under the Customs Act at Thopputhurai near Vedaranyam in Thanjavur district.
Official sources said that two VCRs and three gold biscuits were seized from them when they landed on the Tamil Nadu coast from Sri Lanka.
The sources said five Sri Lankan Tamil refugees staying in the Gopalasamudram camp were arrested in connection with the murder of Kadar Mohideen of Usilampatti in Madurai district. The man's head was found in a disused toilet at Munnerpalam in Tirunelveli district a couple of days agO.
Three women, susp militants who were arrested on February Gandhinagar in Adya Central prison, Mad ordered to be release Justice S. Janathanal High Court.
The Judge said the released on their exec Rs. 2,000 with two su like sum to the satisf:
Continued from page
drags on. In the city nistration has retu blocks and check poin Many buildings and burnt out and destr when the army adva turn of the Tamils to Tigers moved into ta Sinhalese.
Trincomalee is u large Sinhalese and T live side by side. The dominate the gover armed forces, are the wide, but a minority east, where the Tiger lish a separate Tamil
The city has alway flashpoint, and man concerted campaign onisation has intensifi months, to alter the et undermine the Tamil homeland.
In better times, the

15 APRIL 1991
er cent in Lucks to be Bihar (22 e Janata Dal(S) in Delhi (16 per er cent in Patna vely.
its best scores in
felt that ty would ty, 44% ise. And atter felt 'ess(i) majority.
ucknow (26 per 21 per cent). In be consolidating e and Lucknow | rating being 21 and 28 per cent ind continues, it ng a Congress(I) the two states
which could hardly be good news for the Janata Dal and the Janata Dal(S). But these parties can perhaps take some comfort in that the cooling-off of the communal fires has affected the BJP's ratings. In December last year, 18 per cent of the voters we spoke to said they would vote for the BJP. Now the party gets just 12 per cent.
On the election outcome, 50 per cent - Delhi scored the maximum of 63 per cent - felt that no single party would get a majority. But 44 per cent - with Bangalore scoring the maximum of 62 per cent - felt that one party would get a majority. And that party, 66 per cent of the respondents felt, would be the Congress(I).
Whether that actually happens only time will tell. But the preference of the voters on the kind of government they would like to see after the mid-term pollis starkly clear:65 per cent want a single party government while only 33 per cent are in favour of a coalition government. Which perhaps was only to be expected after the rather disastrous experiments with two minority governments.
(Courtesy of "The Week')
d Hunger Strike
2cted to be Tamil 2 among those 1 from a house in r and detained in ras, were today d on bail by Mr. m in the Madras
three would be uting a bond for reties each for a action of the Vith
4. itself, civil admirned, but road its are common.
shops have been oyed. Last year, nced, it was the suffer; when the own, it was the
nusual because amil populations Sinhalese, who nment and the majority islandin the north and 's want to estabspeaking state.
s been an ethnic y Tamils say a of Sinhalese coled in the last few hnic balance and s' claim to their
city could easily
Metropolitan Magistrate, Egmore.
The petitioners - Amudha, Mrs. Kalaimathi and Mrs. Kalaivani - stated that they were refugees and were staying here for the last five years. But following the change of Government they were arrested along with some others. Mrs. Kalaimathi and Mrs. Kalaivani submitted that they were pregnant and their detention was causing hardship to them.
The Hindu
boom once again. When Sri Lanka was called Ceylon, and was part of the British empire, Trincomalee was the Royal Navy's pride and joy. Situated on one of the finest harbours in Asia, it would be a natural centre for the export-based industries which the Sri Lankan government wants to develop to turn round the country's shaky economy.
But Colombo has grown tired of waiting for the war to go away, and development is now being planned around ports in the Sinhalese south. Nevertheless, if peace does eventually emerge, Trincomalee could be the engine which would drive a regional economic recovery.
For the moment, though, the city's economic infrastructure has been devastated - the port is little used, while fields in the surrounding area remain uncultivated. Refugees sit in their camps with no work, and little hope of a brighter future.
(Courtesy of "The Guardian')

Page 15
15 APRIL 1991
India’s Sri La Adventure
Lieutenant General S.C. Sarde
Now that the last batch of IPKF has returned from Sri Lanka it is time that an in-depth stock is taken of its 32 month adventure there. Never before had the country experienced such dif. ferences in conception, viewpoint and reaction that came to the fore in the expressions of the people of different social milieus. Never before had the country's armed forces been subjected to such differing assessment, varying between accusation as known killers of Tamils and encomium as selfless soldiers who did their duty under difficult conditions. Never before had the country exclusively used its peace-keeping armed forces militarily as its sole instrument in a foreign country to achieve political objectives.
On its expense account are more than 1150 soldiers dead and double that number maimed and wounded, a total bill of millions of rupees spent to sustain the military adventure for 32 months, a good deal of poison injected into our own Tamil society and Indian polity, loss of credibility in the eyes of not only many other countries in the region but also among large sections of our own countrymen, and last but not the least, doubt in everybody's mind, specially in the armed forces', regarding what they set out to do and what they finally did.
On the credit side is the country's
demonstraton that it is prepared to go to the military length it did in order to safeguard what it perceives as its security interest, followed by the display of its intent of not persisting mulishly in coercing its neighbour beyond a point, whatever the nature of that point and however brought about. All other so-called 'achievements' of IPKF, as mouthed by many politicians, intellectuals, analysts and professionals are only consequences. Achievements are designed, planned and pursued single-mindedly. Consequences are mere fallouts, incidentals, which are neither visualized nor planned for.
Therefore, a number of questions arise in examining this exercise.
Was a military adventure - use of military force against the Tamil darlings, the LTTE, unavoidable? Was India's security so much threatened in Sri Lanka by the Tamil - Sinhala confrontation that it became our "vital National Interest?” (One definition of nation's vital interest is that it is an interest over which nations are prepared to go to war). ,
# If it was so, was it visualized and accordingly planned?
What we and military ta political aim support? Did b Was the given the ni military wher task in support foreign country
År Was a th ried out from t operations con velopments did as was evident developments conduct of thre Lankan Goverı in June 1989? tion was ev bureaucratic-m visualize, plan involvement ir effective did it
How effect operations in S sure up to th Government, a sionalism?
* Where doe of national pow success?
Was applicat
U
Here one mu the problem. T India and Tam over the raw de Lankan Govern Sri Lankan Ta place in the si lence and see Nadu, were we fied. That the Sri Lanka offe countries to int of influence to and regional s able.
That India's reflected in Sri tegrity (i.e. Sr. realization of guarding Tam Lankan Gover sharing power contradictory a ficult is unden daylight were t the dominant and the most Nadu and by th WaS even SO streperous and ethos, approach even so it was

TAMIL TIMES 15
nka
shpande
e IPKF's military aim sks in Sri Lanka? What vere they designed to oth adequately match?
military instrument cessary other-thanwithal to achieve its of the political aim in a
rough reappraisal carime to time as military inued and political denot always keep pace, after certain landmark asily identified by the e elections and the Sri ment — LTTE. collusion What type of organizafolved at politicoilitary level to study, and guide the IPKF Sri Lanka and how prove? ive was the IPKF in its Sri Lanka? Did it meae expectations of the und people and profes
s the effort of projection er stand in the scale of
ion of Military Force avoidable?
1st go to the genesis of hat the Government of il Nadu were exercised 2al dispensed by the Sri hment to its Tamils, and mils' struggle to find a un by resorting to vioking shelter in Tamil ll established and justidisturbed conditions in red good scope to other erfere and establish foci the detriment of India's ecurity is unexception
security interests as Lanka's territorial ini Lankan Tamils' nonEelam) and yet safeils' interests (i.e. Sri nment's acceptance of with the Tamils) were nd hence extremely dif iable. Equally clear as he facts that the LTTE, Tamil militant faction favoured one in Tamil le Government of India, most intransigent, ob
violently fascist in its and conduct, and that the most popular party
with the Sri Lankan Tamils to whom Eelam had become an idea and LTTE a sentiment.
In this scenario, therefore, had the Government of India run out of all other avenues of effort to resolve the Sri Lankan Tamil issue? Indo-Sri Lanka Accord (ISLA) was an expedient agreed to by Sri Lanka as a life-saving device and India as a coercive instrument in favour of Tamils. Yet this pro-Tamil instrument fantasising its role turned against the Tamils - the LTTE in embarrassed piquel Can fantasy and pique become factors in deciding a nation's vital security interests that dictate going to war? If confrontation with LTTE it was to be, did it have to be 50,000 troops treading on foreign soil, when it was probably far more easy and less costly in every aspect (except perhaps prestige and image at home) to strangle the LTTE in Tamil Nadu and achieve the same goal? Couldn't the confrontation be managed through Sri Lanka forces and LTTE, by helping, and restraining, both so that both would learn the futility of seeking a military solution, though the realization would take long (probably in the same time frame that the IPKF too took ultimately)?
The impression one gathers is that the Government's decision to involve IPKF in a military response was hasty, avoidable, inadequately analysed, unstatesmanlike and weighed in favour of failure. Despite the availability of all the impediments of recent knowledge and experience of such interventions and possibilities of counter-insurgency the world over, one wonders what professional advice did the military give to the Government and how forcefully, and to what extent did the Government itself weigh the factors and the advice. One suspects that the Government and MEA ran out of ideas and the military showed itself rearing to go projecting outsidel
Organization evolved to control the War
Little is known about the type of organization the Government of India evolved to study, visualise, plan and direct the difficult venture in Sri Lanka. Many newspapers have highlighted the cross-purposes at which the various agencies involved - IPKF, RAW, MEA, MOD, IB, MOH — were working, leave aside not working in consultation, to an agreed plan. One influential section, as articulated by the then Indian High Commissioner in Sri Lanka, justified military turnabout on the grounds that Sri Lankan Tamil realization of Eelam could set of sympathetic secessionist, non-secular, linguistic, theocratic and ethnic tendencies in Tamil Nadu to the detriment of India's integrity and unity, an
Continued on page 17

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16 TAML TIMES
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15 APRIL 1991
~s c< Smmsx›, አ“.....
Continued from Page 15 idea as preposterous as fantasy can make it? Some papers have alluded to
the personalized handling of the entire affair at the highest governmental level.
Three features typify the gross in
adequacy of whatever organization was evolved for handling it. Firstly, the clearly visible confusion in identifying vital national security interests and military response to them as reflected in asking the peace-keeping force to start fighting, and fighting the very Tamils and their heroes, the LTTE, whom they went to help and the abominable lack of military preparation to start that war. Secondly, the painful lack of ideas and effort to exploit opportunities brought about by military operations and consequent political changes in the situation, as borne out by the inexplainable absence of political initiative after each of the three elections, and ending in the coup de grace dealt by Sri Lankan Government – LTTE talks to the Indian adventure. Thirdly, the ducks-anddrakes that started being played by the Government's apparent bankruptcy of ideas and policy, as epitomized in the dangerous jerkiness of halting/ slowing/politicizing/recommending deinduction of IPKF's continued presence in Sri Lanka as a pressure point, without realizing that the continued presence of IPKF without any further operational aim and military defined tasks amounted to a mere physical pressure of the weight of so many thousand soldiers, progressively unwanted and hated by one and all in Sri Lanka.
That this would be the beginning of self-inflicted conscious destruction of the IPKF on foreign soil does not seem to have occurred to anyone, and is indeed the very limit of bankruptcy and hobnobbing with disaster. Part of this rush into folly was, as so many reporters have observed, the panicky step of arming and training bunches of unreliable riffraff of the EPRLF combine, which rightly, predictably and surely turned into a pathetic comic, whose brunt had to be borne, as reported in the Press, once again by the hapless IPKF which was only doing its duty as ordered.
Inured to its own peculiar brand of democracy, elections, political activities etc., the Government of India and its Sri Lanka policy makers obviously failed to take the "people' in the NorthEastern Province in Sri Lanka into consideration, leave aside confidence. Alas, if they had gone to the people and made an effort to assess what they wanted they would have told that they wanted a type of democracy and election, if that was necessary, where the LTTE had a major role and participation, even if that democracy and election amounted to one party (read LTTE) rule.
Having liv suffered for : they wanted, enthusiasm f and elections prescribed for people want Indians and t thing differen big sin was t people. Even Commissione when he once the Jaffna ci prior to elec Press failed to as it fell preyt LTTE had alv the valiantly the Indian IPKF), in self. towards its v tent of bring democracy an teges in Sri L. No though given by the vulnerabilities of its policy, la ing military in tical ventures India's desire, tain Sri Lank thought to be and South A understood by to be convince so far and no Tamils agains The Sri Lan they are the which India ca Sri Lanka, cultural-religic Tamil Nadu ca for India's sup gle for a place Thus India w have them on vulnerabilities both. The Sinh ence for Indi point; the Sri LTTE have co gratefulness' a the ugly Indi. their disillusio) ungratefulness war with one p their opponer apparently jus the only solu shown, was t directing orgal government ad sponsible enou ment to take r statesmanlike
How effect
What were tasks, and wha to achieve the armed confron tical factor an

ed in that milieu and o long they know what and had little faith in or r the type of democracy the Indian Government them. If that is what the d then who were the he IPKF to thrust somedown their throat? The hat nobody went to the the former Indian High
was out of his depth and only once, spoke to izens in late 1988 just ions. Even the Indian find out from the people o the hypnotism that the rays spread for it and to frantic efforts made by Government (and the arrogated righteousness, frongly enthusiastic inng in its own brand of mong its assumed proanka.
, seems to have been olicy planners to India's born out of limitations tterly aided by its growmuscle encouraging poliabroad in the region, and compulsion to mainkan territorial integrity so necessary for Indian Asian security is well Colombo, which seems d that India can only go further in backing the t it. nkan Tamils know that only agency through in retain its influence in and that other sociobus-linguistic ties with an be fully banked upon port in their just strugin the Sri Lankan sun. ants both but cannot its own terms. These are fully exploited by alas have cared a tuppa's pressure beyond a Lankan Tamils and the cked their nose in “unnd disdain at India and ans. One must discern nment under the skin of . In sum, since going to arty while grimacing at ut in Sri Lanka was tified, unavoidable and ution as events have he policy-making and nization evolved by the equate, mature and regh to advise the governealistic, wholesome and policy decisions?
ive Was the IPKF2
the IPKF's aims and t resources was it given same? While in any tation there is the polid the military factor,
TAMIL TIMES 17
Sqqqqqq S SqqqqSLS SASJS AAAAS SeA AqAAqLqSLeLeeLALAAqLqSqSLSLALMS SM A S ESqAASSSAS
usuansangwane
both of which have to go hand in glove, in a foreign intervention and counterinsurgency conflict politico-military combine assumes far greater relevance. Military operations have to be very carefully discerned and military tasks equally carefully framed by the Government. Both have to be constantly kept under scrutiny and control, and carefully orchestrated. In Sri Lanka one wonders what military aims and tasks were assigned to the
PKF!
The ambiguity and confusions are reflected in the contradictory, varying and absolute questions that have been asked of IPKF's operations and achievements. Why did it not succeed in disarming the LTTE! Why couldn't it fully marginalize LTTE? Why did it indulge in excesses? What kind of security environment does it boast of as having been brought about by it? How has it ensured Tamil security as it deinducted? Why did it arm and train the TNA and whom did that help? What did it achieve any way after its war for two and a half years and suffering so many casualties? These questions would have not arisen, or far fewer would have, if clear-cut military tasks, derived from the government's political goals, had been assigned. In any case when military force is used it means only one thing - killing and destruction have to take place.
War is not playing marbles, it is traumatic, it hurts badly, and hurts everybody including the innocent and the uninvolved. Barring GOC IPKF no one else has said that IPKF's was a politico-military task; a military formation being also given a political task. No clarification, if it was wrong, has come forth. No contradiction has been voiced - not even by the cognoscenti, the analyst and the Press. Is it not a mute witness to the ambiguity in the mandate given to the IPKF'?
If politico-military mandate it was, was the IPKF then given the necessary other-than-military organizational and advisory wherewithal to handle such complex functions in the nation's power projection abroad? The answer is an emphatic no, because what was so clearly visible and has been reported accordingly is that all agencies were working not only uncoordinated but, worse, at cross purposes. It is unfair enough to give a politico-military responsibility to the military, but a bigger sin to deny to it the necessary wherewithal and coordinated backing of the other-than-military sphere. This has led to military officers foraying into politics of the whole adventure (despite Gen Kalkat’s valiant efforts not to be seen as a political general), politician-diplomats playing the soldier (as the former Indian High Commissioner was prone to). But the biggest bane is that very substantially the people have not noticed the nuance,
Continued on page 18

Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 17 the Government has failed to resolve the ambiguity in tasking the military, and the military has failed to ask for it from the Government forcefully enough, predictably this affected IPKF's overall performance.
But that may not be the factor in the IPKF’s performance in the purely professional field. Newspaper analysts have already exposed its being too conventional, its inability to adjust to the surroundings and type of guerrilla war, its handicap due to unsuitable weapons and language problem, and making the cardinal mistake of antagonizing the public. Most of the criticism is true. It is indeed strange, if not painful, to see Indian soldiery floundering in this manner despite its long acquaintance with counter-insurgency and jungle warfare for over three decades in north-east India.
There is also a Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School for imparting training. Should the finger rise at its weakness in fundamental training, motivation and cybernetics? Or at the large-scale eye-catching manoeuvres like Brass Tacks and Chequer Board which perforce impinge on unseen, mundane but vital fundamental training at unit level? Or at the absence of 'cause' and clear military aim and well defined military tasks?
A word about morale, which is a major factor in the soldier's performance. It is indeed true, as Gen Kalkat says, that there was no drunkenness, drugging, fragging, murder etc. in the IPKF, which is an indication of its high morale. That is fine. Soldiers have two levels at which their morale operates. Internally, from within the unit, and as a professional, the IPKF soldier seems to have done splendidly. He has discernible capacity to take punishment stoically, and give it back in ample measure. This ability does not seem to have diminished. Externally, he has had a very disturbing experience. Dispensations from eminent and responsible leaders like Karunanidhi, Gopalaswamy, Nedumaran, Krishna Iyer, Venkateshwaran et al; lionization of LTTE leaders in Tamil Nadu by way of open display of their posters even during local elections; public accusation of IPKF as killers of Tamils in Sri Lanka; people throwing stones at armoured vehicles in Madras as they were proceeding to the harbour; LTTE's threatening letters addressed to IPKF Tamil officers that their families would be exterminated in Tamil Nadu; sheltering of LTTE militants in Tamil Nadu, who would kill IPKF soldiers in Sri Lanka after getting medical treatment and collecting warlike material in their known camps strung along in Trichi, Madurai and Ramnad districts; and the general sullen and unsympathetic attitude discernible in the Tamil Nadu Government have made deep impressions on
the soldier's mind. Th democracy's fallouts.
The soldier has tak stride. But how much up with and how long unaffected require to shoving it under the c sing it summarily as ol ence will cost dearly in of which he may not fi certainly be wary an
best.
Winning the hearts people (Americans call important aspect in insurgency war. In people could not be wol doles of medicines and pairing a few schools religion. As highly educ and hardened sufferers and betrayed but prou Lanka in search of their and legitimate right, tions were high and what IPKF could do for clear to even a novi waging a war over th pride and sentiment an agency that kicks can kicked, without compen is obvious that no res mensurate compensati at the disposal of the government. Large scal struction of the Tamil's nomy and rehabilitatio of uprooted families wa only compensatory acti have helped it win th This never obvious) another cardinal blund ernment in not undert: nomic reconstruction, au in not insisting on it
How does the Adver
in the scale of
Neither did the Gov through the adventu carefully evolved mili tasks, nor did the milit insist on it. The Go wanting instant solutio seemed raring to go. Government provide wherewithal to the m
the military demanc enough. The governi IPKF set out to do some
find only incidental fal ences, which are now be as achievements. If onl achieved, one wonders was a need to go to war, so many soldiers, milit cent civilians. Our peo intellectuals have appal tle effort to realize that not a machine but a living organization, anc as a national (ultimat needs much deeper del has been displayed in th of Sri Lankan adventur

SAPRIL 1991
ese, albeit, are
en them in his of it he will put he will remain be attended to arpet or dismislesser consequlater ventures, ght shy but will d withhold his
and minds of it WHAM) is an
any counterSri Lanka the over by giving
rations, or re
and places of ated, politicised , as the cheated d people of Sri Tamil identity their expectaclearly beyond them. This was ce. IPKF was em, over their heroes. Which | win over the sating them? It ources of comon were placed
IPKF by the e visible reconprostrate econ of thousands as the one and vity that could e people over. ty happened; er by the Govaking this ecoind the military
ture measure Success?
rernment think re and assign tary aims and ary apparently vernment was ns, the military Neither did the commensurate ilitary, nor did it forcefully ment and the thing but could louts, consequing brandished y this was to be whether there and kill/wound
ants and inno
ple, Press and ,
ently made lit
the military is un organismic, its utilization te) instrument iberation than ese three years 'e.
There has been a great deal of bungling, wooden-headedness and what in American usage has come to be known as "operating the levers of power' when ideas run out. The adventure has all along, right from the beginning, advanced under the shadow of failure in its perpetuation of folly. People like K. Subrahmanyam, tongue in cheek are pontificating with an air of robustness that there is no need for the military to be bitter about the misadventure. He quotes India's peace-keeping in the Congo etc., totally non-contextual and misleading. Such efforts from intellectuals and their illuminating blindness drive the simple soldier into the amnesia of praise and make him a fattened unthinking sacrificial goat. The British gave grog' to their soldiers and opium to the Nagas to keep them as efficient sacrificial warriors. The danger is that such innovations may drive the military into what Israeli historians call 'amoral familist'. It won't fight as well next time
One hopes that the entire adventure including the IPKF's performance is debated and discussed in various fora and lessons drawn and correctives implemented so that we commit less mistakes and stop strengthening machines creating widows and posthumous heroes, and manufacturing military history.
(Courtesy Indian Defence Review)
h to paykrenew my suitos
o years

Page 19
15 APRIL 1991
- ܗܹܡܸܕܸ݁
QUIZ CROSSWORDS - No. 3. Set by: Rich
Sigte for completed grid and coupon to be received is 3 May 1991. Answers and the name of the winner - first all correct entry pulled out of a bag - will be announced in the June 1991 issue The winner will receive a prize of £20,00 sterling. All entries should be sent to: Tamil Times, P.O. Box 121, Sutton
Surrey SM137D, UK.
Across. 1. Agricultural and rehabilitation project of great repute on the northern mainland of Sri Lanka (12) 12. Large Amazonian serpent named with appropriately expressive Combination of two Tamil words. (9) 13. Briefly a neighbouring state to Washington DC (2 14. Eluvatheevu of Jaffna could be classed in this category (4) 15. Tiny piece of land on a river (3) 16. In Hinduism and Buddhism, a divine being (3)
17. Refers to maiden surname (3)
8. Cricket's citadel is a club with its headquarters at Lords (3) 19. -city, normal tension of a muscle at rest (4) 20. Autonomous Region (2) 21. Jaffna village famed for its bottomless well and garden products (6) 22. Steel-like metallic element used in colour television, briefly (2) 23. Inspiring symbol of a freedom movement (5)
25. Mimicked (4) 27. Strongest king of the West Saxons before Alfred who developed the most extensive legal code of the time (3) 28. Describes the nature and character of the state of Emirates in its official name, abb. (2) 30. Sayings on Vedic doctrines from 200 AD onwards (5) 31 Title of an archdeacon in the Church of England, abb. (3) 32. Prepare a person for a political Reer if not employ to care for horses (
33. Famous cheese (4) 35. Popular jungle shrine in northern Sri Lanka visited by people of all faiths and today a refugee camp for thousands of Tamils (5) 38, Grandmother affectionately (4) 39. Thin slice of bacon (6)
NEWS ROUND-UP
40. A national organisation with ti gh a global body committed to pea
41. These molecules carry vital gen tic information (3) 43. Small constellation in the southe hemisphere near Scorpius (3) 44. An earty agricultural and ru development hamlet in northern Lanka (12)
Down: 1. Northern Sri Lankan island vene ated by Hindus and Buddhists ha historical, religious and cultural lint with india (9)
2. Gooselike (8)
3. Valley (4) 4. In tennis a service too good for a opponent (3) 5. Scottish sweetheart (2) 6. Ordain or decree (5) 7. Orders proclaimed by authority (t 8. One avenue tapped for funds by th British Chancellor to dull the PolT pain (3) 9. Ancient Roman unit of weight (2) 10. Person bent on revenge for hu done (7) 11. Historical centre of Hindu faith Jaffna popularly associated with princess cured of her equine face (12 16. An osteopath's title (2) 18. Lord Ganesha reigns supreme i this jungle hamlet on the Jaffna Kandy road (9) 19. The lot of Tamils in the hands ( successive Colombo qovernment since Bandaranaike's Sinhala Onl Act (7) 21. Potential energy, briefly (2) 24. Main features, not detailed (7) 26. Part of a school time-table fo students (2) 29. A branch of military force (3) 30. Intoxicating juice of plant used i Vedic rituals (4)
OTHREE POLICE OFFICERS who faced charges of murd of lawyer Wijedasa Liyanarachchi, and who pleaded guil to amended charges of conspiracy and wrongful confin ment of the lawyer have been ordered to pay compensati ofatotal of Rs.80,000 and given suspended sentences by t High Court in Colombo. Superintendent of Police Dharmadasa was sentenced to two years' rigorous impr: onment suspended for a period of ten years. Police Su Inspector H. Mendis was sentenced to one year's impriso ment suspended for a period of five years and Poli Constable M. Dissanayake was given a suspended pris sentence of nine months.
O MR. K. SRNIVASAN has taken oaths as a Member Parliament for the Jaffna district. He was nominated behalf of the ENDLF to fill the vacancy created by t murder of Mr. Yogasangary of the EPRLF. Mr. Srinivas: has been a resident in the United Kingdom for a number years before he returned to Colombo to take his oaths.
O ABOUT 600 DISPLACED university students fro North-East Sri Lanka have been allowed to continue the courses in other Universities in the south of the island. T displaced students mainly belong to the Tamil and Musli communities. O ELEVEN SOLDIERS attached to the Thoppur Arn
 
 

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TAM TIMES 19
sister of Zeus and worshipped her as the Queen of the Heavens (4)
! | Ι E B- O i 2 3.
4. 5
O 2
3.
7
31 2
44
34. Elected legal office in USA (2) 38. Oxlike antelope popularly called 36. Popular lentil and a vegetarian's wikdebeest (3) မိမိါးဒ္ဒါဂျိ) eg 39. Fled (3)
40. Lucknow is the capital of this 37. Greeks made her the wife and indian state which borders Tibet and
Nepal (2) 42. Chemical symbol of sodium (2)
Quiz Crosswords - 1. Solutions and Winner.
Across: 1.Agastya,8. Graf. 12. Godchild. 13. Ago.14. Ed. 15. Ring. 16. Sapir. 17. Ampere. 21. Bureau. 23. Es. 24. Daleks. 26. Delft. 27. E. 28. Arb. 29. Ur, 30. Indus Valley. 33. Cur. 34. Aso. 35 Heart. 38. Spes. 40. Ararat. 44. Kids. 45. Tremble.
Down: 1. Ages. 2. Godavari. 3. A.D. 4. Scribe. 5. Thirukkural. 6. Yin. 7. Algae. 9. Rape. 10. Ag. 11. Forestry. 18. Madras. 19. Pueblo. 20. Refuel. 22. Rs. 24. DD. 25. Lynched. 28. Avatar. 31. Duels. 32. Mask. 36. Orb. 37. Ate. 39. Pi. 41. Re, 42. A.M. 43. AL.
Winner: Mr. Nagulan Nesiah, P.O. Box 4708, Ruwi, Sultanate of Oman.
Camp in the Trincomalee district were killed in a Tiger ambush preceded by a landmine explosion on March 9. OTHE US GOVERNMENT has made a grant of one million US dollars (Rs.40 million) through the International Committee of the Red Cross in Sri Lanka in response to the appeal for assistance of 13 million US dollars requested by the ICRC as donations.
OTWENTY FIVE Sri Lankan Tamil youths were taken into custody "for questioning at the Kattunayake Airport recently after they were deported by the Dutch authorities for having attempted to enter Holland with "forged documents'. It appears that the youths had flown to Holland after paying Rs.100,000 each to a job agent in Colombo. But when the Dutch contact of the Colombo job agent failed to turn up at the Amsterdam airport, the youths were left stranded and Dutch immigration authorities deported them to Colombo. During the previous week, seven Sri Lankan Tamils, four men and three young women, were deported to Colombo by Indian immigration authorities when they landed at the Bombay airport from an Air Lanka flight.
O OVER 125 UNIVERSITY students are continuing to be held in detention for the past 18 months according to the University Grants Commission. These students who were taken into custody by the police and security forces as part of the crackdown against the JVP have not been charged with any offence and there are no indications they would be released in the near future.

Page 20
š 20 AMIL TIMES
Madras Launches ASIA
Saturday 6 April 1991 was a day to be remembered with great delight particularly for youngsters Nalini Balakumar, Nirupa Muru
gaesu, Aparajita Nandipati, Anjali Perinpara- - -
jah, Tina Taventheran, Dharini Mahendren, Shalini Balakumar, Threeya Tharmendiran, Sisha Sriskandarajah, Thanuja Sriskandarajah, Meera Sivasubramaniam, Davina Rishmi, Nadine Thangi Rathindran, and Sharmini Sivasubramaniam.
On this day they went on stage as very promising fledgling young people under the auspices of the Music Academy of Dance Rhythms and Songs (MADRAS) which launched their Academy of South Indian Arts (ASIA), a new organisation making even more impact of Indian Culture on the western front.
During the first part of the evening's recital, the children after the traditional invocatory obeisance dedicated to Lord Ganapathy performed two pieces with great ease, charm and grace. The first one was Jathiswaram in the Malayamarutham raga set to adi thala which is a rhythmic dance of complicated foot movements. This was followed by a dance extracted from the famous ballet Kutrala Kuravanji titled Pandattam and rendered in a variety of ragas, again in adi thala. The nattuvangam and Vocal support were given by the founder of ASIA, Lakshmi Ganeson and Srimati Mathini Sriskandarajah.
The principal of MADRAS, Karaikudi Krishnanurthi, one of India's foremost musicians and dance teacher headed the rhythmic ensemble on the mirudangam along with his students Sri Peter Lockett, Selvan Soruban Sarvanantar and Selvi Kavitha Thevarajah. Sri Thiruvarur L. Kothandapani and Srimati Kamala Pathmanathan accompanied on the violin and flute respectively.
A household name wherever the fine arts are appreciated in lndia, Malaysia and Singapore, Karaikudi Krishnamurti during his brief period since assuming principalship of MADRAS has made a great impression in London. His encourageтent to тапy young people seeking proficiency in these arts and his total dedication to it was touchingly expressed when Lakshmi Gameson paid her obeisance on the stage not only to the divine art of dance and music and the presiding deity but also in the finest traditions of learning, to her guru Krishnamurti.
Karaikudi Krishnamurti's recent composition from the epic Nala-Damayanti was acclaimed in Singapore and was broadcast in three parts in that country's television.
Lakshmi Ganeshon an engineer by profesSion and whose dedication to the dance culture of Bharata led to the founding of ASIA
-
took the stage after the Alarippu a traditional intro then Vanam in the Sank was the piece de resistanc programme for which the ly by Raji Narayanan and the di Krishramurti.
it is a colourful and ela combines pure and interpri in equal measures in alterr followed this with a dance Siva describing his many fa divine form. Titled Adal Ka, the Abogi raga, this dance Adyar Balu. The final ever : in Sindhubhairavi which
position of Karaikudi Krish
The Commonwealth in graced by Mr. and Mrs. C. as chief guests, Ms. Nahid ment of the Kathak dance á and a large number of p friends and relatives. ASIA new ground and Tamils ir dom are privileged to hav people of the stature of Mr
Sujithra - Su Veena Aran
s
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Hall on the evening of Sur WOrea festive look of a Wel ram. The hall was nearly Start of the function an
... forming on the sides des
made for showing a live vid me at the adjoining Hathi F opened, the two budding Ambikapathy and Subat were seated With their Veer Guru Sivasakti Sivanesan, ing artistes Somasundara Muthu Sivarajah on Gal Sithamparanathan on Mo than on Ghatam, with Yas playing the tambura. A pi Saraswathi playing the Vee backdrop and at the front C stood a Vigraha of the sa fruits and flowers placed marks of the Aramba Puja the hands of Saraswathi hoary tradition to represen the bliss of spiritual knowle Yagnavalkya postulated, or to play the Veena correctly, Sruthi, Jathi and Thala, ea tion.
The programme started Raga Kamboji which was both the Kalas. Sri Maha G which followed, was noted f orchestral effect and its spa thara, indeed Maharajapu the Chief guest, who was t rise the song, made a spec artistes' rendering of the sc
 
 

15 APRIL 1991
intermission with ductory dance and arabarana raga. It e of the evening's tric was composed music by Karaiku
borate dance that etative movements nating tempos. She in praise of Lord Ceted form and his lai and rendered in
was composed by it was the Thilana was another Comnamurti.
Stitute event Was J.T. harmotheram Siddiquian expoas guest of honour atrons of the art, no doubt breaks the United Kingse the services of
Krishnanmurti.
bathra: getram
Lord Mountbatten day, 6 April, 1991 l-planned Arangetull well before the d CrOWods started Dite arrangements eo of the programall. As the Curtain | artistes Sujithra hra Ambikapathy as along with their and accompanym on Mridangam, ngira and Tabla, resing, BalaskanOdara and Devaki cture of Goddess na constituted the torner of the stage me Goddess with nearby, as visible lindeed Veena in is supposed by Brahma-Vidya or 2dge, and as sage he who knows how with knowledge of Isily attains salva
With a Varnan in
rendered well in anapathe in Nattai Or its Well-blended Arkling swaraprasran Santhanan, he first to populaial mention of the ng in his address
which followed. Thyagaraja's Dudugugala - a difficult piece for beginners - was played as it should be, and helped to convey the philoSophical message the saint intended, namely that the rare human life should not be wasted in pursuit of material values. The next piece of Shyama Sastri revealed the artistes' control of misra chapu tala. Parithanamichithe in Bilahari was briskly played. The Dharmavathi raga was handled well, despite being an innately dificult raga to play. The Ragam, Tanam, Palawi in Hindolam, set to Tisra Triputa by Sivasakti, was the most complicated item of the evening and was competently rendered.
The Ranjani Mala was very sweet to hear while Kunjaran Sodara in Amritavarshini was liltingly portrayed. Two unscheduled items, namely Bharatiyar's Thondru Nigazhinda and a Meera Bhajan added to the variety of the items presented. The programme concluded with Lalgudi Jayaraman's Thilana in MadhuVanti.
The accompanying artistes showed a great understanding in providing appropriately soft accompaniment to Veena and built up noteworthy intricate patterns during their Thani Avarthanam.
Arangetram' is an age-old concept where a Guru presents his or her students at their maiden stage performance for approval by the discerning audience of their attainments. Did Sujithra and Subathra pass this test? They did, indeed, judging from the approbation of the audience. I, for my part, wanted to apply one technical test: the test of the gamaka'. Sarangadeva has defined the gamaka as 'the shaking of a note which pleases the hearer' and gamakas have been evolved over the ages with the help of the time-honoured instrument, the Veena. I found that the two youngsters fared well in this test and mentally wished them all the best for their future.
P.P. Kanthan.
THE LAMENT OF THE TAMLS Shoulder to shoulder for freedom we fought Brothers in bondage the same goal we sought. Tamil and Singhala united we stood And gained independence - So far it is good
The aliens have drifted apart from our shores But sunk are we now in our desperate WOes, And gone with them too is our peace and Our calm, Our dreadful plight now is a cause for alarm.
Democracy in Lanka is majority rule, To stand for our rights we ployed every tool. Debated at length and argued our cause, For minority rights we cited the laws.
Failing we organised demos so passive, Fallied in millions in mobs aer So massive. The answer was violence egged on by the state, The volcano spewed forth the lava of hate.
Emerge did our Tigers from rank and file To cheer the downtrodden, to bring back the smile. Though thousands did perish, the challenge goes on, Never say die, till the battle is won.
Favaged and savaged dear Eelam our home, Tamils by hundreds are scattered and roam As destitutes vagrants with loved ones all gone, Bed of nails for the night, no hope for the morn.
ls there no end to this inhuman plight? Years rolling by, no solution in sight. The lethargic world won't it wake up and heed The incessant cries from the dear hearts that bleed?
Saras Rajaratnam.

Page 21
15 APRIL 1991
UNITED NATIONS HU
SRI LANKA FLAYED FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES
(Continued from last issue)
Liberation
The following is the tect of the intervention by Liberation. "If we take Sri Lanka into our focus the plight of detainee in the North-East Province of Sri Lanka continues t deteriorate rapidly. Occupation by the Government Force of small areas of territory in the North implies automat. detention of its residents as is evidenced by the statement of the Catholic Bishop of Jaffna in a situation report date October 1990, where he says, "Towns and villages taken b forces are considered to be slaughter houses where innocer civilians are killed inside the church'.
In the Eastern Province where the Government occupie a narrow coastal strip and the sections of Amparai, th situation is worse still. Four thousand of the six thousan deaths that have occurred within the last six months hav occurred here.
We quote below some examples of the fate of those wh were arrested and detained by Government forces or held i Government refugee camps.
On September the 7th last year 25 Muslim refugees wer seized from a Mosque in Pulmottai in Trincomalee distric Three were killed. The fate of the rest is unknown.
Ten days later the army and Muslim Home Guards hire by the Government seized 35 Tamil youths from Sorikalmu nai, took them to the Savalakadai army camp in th Eastern Province and shot them dead.
On October the 25th the Army killed 25 Tamil refugeesi the Clappenburg refugee camp after abducting them to nearby jungle in Trincomalee district.
On December the 6th, 76 Tamils were arrested, taken t the Neelavanai army camp in the Batticaloa district wher they were tortured and killed.
Rapes have also been a common feature in such arrests
INTERVENTION BY COUNTRIES
The following are extracts from interventions by delegate representing several countries:
On behalf of 12 Members of the European Community:
The European Community is extremely concerned abou the human rights situation in Sri Lanka, in particular wit respect to disappearances and extrajudicial executions The Community welcomes the Sri Lankan authorities decision to grant the Working Group on enforced o involuntary disappearances access to its national territor in September 1991. We recognize the difficulties facing th Sri Lankan Government in coping with the civil war ragin In the country. We are, however, alarmed by reports tha death squads and other groups are indulging in extortio) and killing. There have been allegations that these group are organized by, or at the very least, enjoy the tacit suppor of the Sri Lankan authorities. The Twelve call on the Sl Lankan Government to respect human rights even in th course of operations to maintain peace and order. In thi connection, the Twelve were disturbed by the way in whic citizens wishing to submit documents of denunciation ha been obstructed, in violation of Resolution 1990/76 of thi

TAMIL TIMES 21
AN RIGHTS COMMISSION
Commission. Against this background, the Twelve condemn all intimidatory or retaliatory measures against Sri Lankan citizens.
The Community welcomes the setting up by the Head of State of a special working party on human rights and hopes that its work will produce concrete, objective results. The European Community calls on the Government of Sri Lanka to do everything in its power to ensure that the humanitarian activities of the ICRC and Médicins Sans Frontieres can be carried out under the best possible conditions.
their Netherlands
The report reserves quite a few pages for a situation that deservedly has preoccupied the Group for a number of years already. I am referring to the situation of disappearances in Sri Lanka. In fact, the whole of the human rights situation is of continuing concern to my Government. We appreciate that the Sri Lankan Government is co-operating with the Working Group and that a visit has been planned for the summer of this year. By contrast, in September last year, Sri Lankan authorities confiscated over 500 reports on disappearances as well as other documents and photographs which were supposed to be given to the Group. The Group rightly protested to this, while referring to resolution 1990/76, which as members are aware, not only deals with the question of access to human rights procedures but also with reprisals. Even though most of the documents were returned to the Group, the fact itself remains reprehensible. Hopefully, the Group's visit to the country will not be marred by any similar deficiencies'.
Canada
"Canada is most perturbed that there has been no lessening of hostilities in Sri Lanka over the past year and that violence continues at a very high level. Little has been done by the government over the past year to apply new initiatives to resolving the situation.
Canada deplores the continuing appalling human rights situation in which it is apparent that civilians have been indiscriminately bombed and attacked by government forces and by secessionist forces. We urge the Government of Sri Lanka to exert all possible efforts to bring about a cessation of fighting and to open a dialogue process leading to a negotiated settlement and a durable and equitable peace. Canada calls upon the government to ensure that its forces give serious respect to the safety and human rights of civilians, and that the distribution of food, medicine and shelter is in no way hindered'.
Australia
For many years there has been a tragic cycle of violence in Sri Lanka which has brought harrowing consequences to its people, of all ethnic groups. While the causes of the conflict are complex, no level of hostilities can excuse human rights abuse by any of the parties involved. The suffering and loss of life caused among the Sri Lankan population by the current fighting in the north of the country is particularly appalling.
We welcome some recent developments, including the invitation to the Commission's working group on disappearances to visit Sri Lanka, the setting up of an independent commission of enquiry into missing persons and the appointment of a special task force to report direct to the President on violations of human rights. We hope these measures will be effective. We also hope for an early political settlement for Sri Lanka's problems, under which its people will be assured full enjoyment of their human
Continued on page 22

Page 22
22 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 21
rights. Australia will continue to take a close interest in the situation in Sri Lanka’.
تم في ج.
Sweden
The security situation in many parts of Sri Lanka continues to give rise to widespread violence against civilians, frequent disappearances and other human rights violations. All efforts must be made to restore full respect for human rights and to create an environment conducive to peace. We have noted that the Government of Sri Lanka recently has established a Commission on Human Rights. We will closely follow its work'.
United Kingdom
Praise is due, and should be given by this Commissison, to those Governments which have cooperated with the Working Group: especially, perhaps, to those Governments which have arranged visits by the Group to their countries. In this connection, we particularly welcome the projected visit by the Group to Sri Lanka, where the problem of disappearances has, unfortunately, been painfully acute and where one particularly blatant case, which occurred during last year's session of this Commission, has troubled many of us deeply. We look forward to the Working Group's report on
that visit being before us next year'.
في ليفية
Sri Lanka’s Response
The following is the text of the intervention by way of reply by Mr. Bradman Weerakoon, the head of the Sri Lankan delegation. "Cooperation with the United Nations bodies dealing with human rights has been a consistent and long-standing policy of Sri Lanka. We have voluntarily provided information and funds, within modest means available to us, to United Nations efforts in this regard. We intend to continue to pursue this policy. *
Mr. Chairman, in the past two years particularly, Sri Lanka has had to cope with two interlocking crises - one in the South and the other in the North. In the South, the violence of the JVP challenged the established systems of democratic Government. In the North the militant LTTE sought to establish a separate State through the force of arms and threatened the unity and integrity of the nation. The challenge for Sri Lanka was how to deal with these twin threats to its structure, and to its democratic mode of functioning, whilst still maintaining and protecting the human rights of all its citizens.
I shall attempt, in the few minutes at my disposal, to make three points. Firstly, to set the context in which the Government was compelled in 1989 and 1990 to move resolutely against armed attempts to destroy both democracy and the unity of Sri Lanka. Most of you distinguished delegates know the facts. In both instances, the action of the Government was reactive to deal with a critical situation which had arisen. The primary objective was the peaceful resolution of deep-seated grievances. In this spirit, the Emergency was lifted in January, 1989. 1,500 JVP detainees were released and the JVP invited to the negotiating table.
But these moves were of no avail.
The JVP misinterpreted the Government's preference for a peaceful solution as a sign of weakness and sharply stepped up its campaign of violence and intimidation. They were responsible for thousands of murders. The victims included people perceived as "traitors', prisoners, security services personnel, and their families, members of political parties, voters at the Presidential and Parliamentary elections, senior public officials, media personnel, Buddhist monks and left-wing Opposition activists. They called strikes, threatened to murder those who refused to partici

15 APRIL 1991
pate, destroyed Government offices, Tea factories and a great deal of State property.
Normalcy has now been restored in the South and civil society re-established. But the restoration of peace has inevitably had its costs. Many service personnel and insurgents lost their lives in combat. Several thousands of young JVP activists had to be detained. Of the original 14,000 taken in, 3,000 have been released, around 5,000 are undergoing community-based rehabilitation, and about 6,000 are in detention awaiting trial through the normal courts system. The Government is also determined to take firm action against vigilante groups and individuals who may have been indulging in reprisal killings. We have set in motion an economic regeneration process to deal with the root causes which contributed to the insurgency.
In the North, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) had since 1987 been attempting to disarm the LTTE in terms of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement. That struggle cost the lives of over 1,500 Indian soldiers, thousands of LTTE cadres and the lives of many thousands of Tamil civilians. Even before the departure of the IPKF, the Government had taken the bold step of opening negotiations with the LTTE unconditionally, with a view to a peaceful settlement. However, the optimism and hope which my Government reflected at the last session of the Commission were shattered on 11 June, 1990 by the unprovoked attacks on Police Stations, the surrender of over 800 Policemen and the eventual murder of most of them by the LTTE. Once again in the face of terror, the Government had no other alternative but to respond firmly to deal with the challenge to the integrity of the State, the disruption of essential services and the threat to citizens of all communities. So, regrettably conflict rages again with tragic loss of life to combatants and immense suffering of civilians - Tamils, Muslims and Sinhalese.
The second point I wish to highlight is the accountability of the Government to the people for the actions it has had to take. This accountability is ensured through the democratic mechanisms that have long been a part of the Sri Lankan polity and society. For example:
A The National Parliament elected in 1989 on the basis of Proportional Representation debates monthly the continuation of the Emergency;
The Press, both local and foreign, continue to report news uncensored. Foreign correspondents are free to travel around the country and report;
yr NGOs like the Bar Association, the Civil Rights Movement, the Mothers' Front, the Churches, Citizens' Committees, etc. freely ventilate issues relating to alleged violation of human rights;
k A Committee of Parliamentarianshas been active over the last two years highlighting issues relating to human rights.
A vigilant international community headed by Sri Lanka's aid donors regularly reflect their concerns to the Government;
The Supreme Court has initiated action to hear Fundamental Rights violation pleas of persons in detention camps. Habeas Corpus applications are today before the Court of Appeal. An amendment to the Constitution to expand and strengthen Fundamental Rights has been placed before Parliament last December;
fr A Human Rights Task Force composed of senior public officers is monitoring the prosecution of cases against those charged with excesses in the performance of security duties; får The ICRC, active in Sri Lanka since November 1989 is helping to trace missing persons. It also monitors those in detention by regular inspections of detention centres and Police Stations. The UNHCR also has a presence in the country.
# In January, an Independent Commission of Inquiry of retired Supreme and Appeal Court Judges was appointed to look into cases of alleged disappearances;

Page 23
15 APRIL 1991
... Peace Committees have been set up throughout th country bringing together the Police, the Temple or Churc and the School, so as to inculcate in people respect rathe than fear of the law;
In 1991 the UN Working Group on Disappearances wi visit Sri Lanka. The Government has also decided to invit the Special Rapporteur on Summary or Arbitrary Exec tions to visit Sri Lanka during the course of this year.
My final point is about the situation in the North whic has been referred to by several speakers. The conflict that i now on is not against the Tamil people but against th LTTE. This militant group well armed, well finance especially from abroad and committed to "Tamil Eelam', mono-ethnic separate State, continues its guerrilla warfar against the Government. Following the temporary cease fire at the beginning of the year, the Government has calle
upon the LTTE to resume talks with the Government:
- Such talks would be with the leader of the militar
wing of the LTTE.
- Talks should be preceded by a declaration against thi possession and use of arms by any group or persons othe
than those authorized by law.
REFORMER AND THE REVOLUTIONARY
The great South Indian poet Subramanya Bharatiar spoke of Tamil language as the sweetest of all tongues but to his sishya, Bharatidasan, who admired him ardently and whose birth centenary is being celebrated this month, Tamil was his very life.
Born in Tamilnadu on 29 April 1891 and revered today as poet, reformer and revolutionary and one who came deeply under the influence of Periyar's social reform movement, Bharatidasan took his pen-name while being a sishya of Subramanya Bharatiar. He held him in great affection and reverence.
A number of his poems underline his depth of love for Tamil and he advocated that this treasure house of great wisdom should be translated into many tanguages for the good of humanity. My mother the sweet Tamil' he sang
in one and em numerous lang longs”.
The revoluti used his gift o vehicle to move prevailing socia the Dravidian t nite views on expressed the clarity and con
During his ir dom struggle so stood for chang spect of the khi gion, but he re strong crusade especially tho poverty, econo) ploitation of all
A strong de believed a socia was needed to l underlined the observations ca in one sang: “S crores of peop among them wi
Again he san to pull down t fought meanne have always do have never been
Bharatidasan in respect of w expressed his f in the strongest
A nation's fre the women dic freedom he said advocated the with the same Mahatma Ganc The working c highly in his col and welfare. H their sufferings
 
 

TAML TIMES 23
- All political parties including the six Tamil parties now in the All Party Conference (APC) would be invited to participate in such talks.
If the invitation for talks on these terms is accepted by the LTTE, the Government has stated that it would be prepared to suspend offensive operations against the LTTE. The Government has also called upon the LTTE to release all hostages they are holding, to stop recruiting for combat young boys and girls, to stop acts of extortion and terrorisation of civilians as a means of obtaining their support, and to allow humanitarian access to all prisoners in their custody.
Unfortunately, the LTTE perhaps uncertain of the political support it can obtain prefers to pursue its goal through violent means.
In the meantime, within the APC, six Tamil parties and two Muslim parties representing the 32% Muslims in the East are working out proposals for power sharing in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. These arrangements also contain recommendations for increased devolution of powers to the Provincial Councils. So, along with the strategy of militarily weakening the LTTE, there is also unfolding a viable political option, whereby peace and normalcy may once again be restored in northern and eastern Sri Lanka'.
phasised: "To render in uages, behold the world
onary that he was, he f song and verse as a the masses against the l evils and to propagate raditions. He held defivital areas of life and n in his works with viction.
nvolvement in the freeme of the ideals that he ged, particularly in readi movement and relimained at all times a r against social evils se affected by caste, mic injustices and ex
kinds.
mocrat, Bharatidasan list system as one that iberate the masses. He frustrations that caste used in his poems and ince in our land three le and the difference ll equal that number'.
g: "I have endeavoured he trammels of caste, ss in all its forms. I ne what I hold good. I afraid of adversaries'. was well ahead of time "omen's liberation. He elings and convictions possible terms. edom was worthless if not have their own in his poems. He also e-marriage of widows intensity the great hi had for this cause. lass too figured very cern for their freedom identified himself in and privations and in
one poem he cried to the high heavens thus:
"Oh earth are you not standing proof Of the tireless toil of the working class How is it that the rich are callous To the hunger of the labourers? The workers will all arise And will prove to the world That their strength will bring them life.
In recent years two movements that have had their great impact on the Indian subcontinent were the freedom struggle and the fight for the liberation of the downtrodden castes from their age-old shackles.
Bharatidasan's writings and poems were all dedicated to these and the renaissance ofTamil heritage. He sang tirelessly the glory of the Tamils, the greatness of their language and the richness of their culture.
The late C.N. Annathurai, under whom Bharatidasan became enriched in the rudiments and concepts of the Tamil language, paying tribute to his contribution to Tamil, said that Bharatidasan like western poets made art the mirror of his time. He wished that his poems would flourish and spread. Tamilnadu's former chief minister, Dr. M. Karunanidhi referring to his works that helped the growth of contemporary Tamil literature said that he made his poems the custodians of rationalism. “The word Bharatidasanʼ, Dr. Karunanidhi added "no longer denotes an individual but an inexhaustible treasure of Tamil pleasure'.
Dr. R. Niththyanandan.
Private Tuition
Tu i tion available. Pure/Appliec" Mathematics, O/A Level, Physics O Level.
Tel 081-864 3227.

Page 24
24 TAMIL TIMES
CLASSIFIED ADS
密 First 20 words 210.
Each additional word 60p. Charge for Box No. 93. (Wat 17/2% extra)
repayment essentia e Advertisement Marna Tamil Times Ltd, PO Box 121
Sutton, Surrey SM 3TD Phone: 08-644 0972
MATRMONIAL
Jaffna Catholic parents seek bride for son, 28, professional accountant in Africa, Catholic, fair, attractive professional preferred in UK, Canada, USA, citizen/immigrant. Enclose recent coloured photograph which will be returned. M 472 C/o Tamil Times. Brother seeks Tamil Christian groom for his Sister resident in Australia, 27, 5'5", fair complexion, doing further studies. Reply with full details, M473 C/o Tamil Times. U.S. citizen, mid 40, divorced professional, seeks educated Sophisticated East, West, cultured lady. Returnable photograph appreciated. M 474 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu parents seek qualified partner under 30 for attractive daughter, 23, B.Sc (USA), employed, preferably doctor, accounfant. Details, horoscope to M 475 C/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu Tamil doctor in Australia, seeks preferably qualified partner for her professionally qualified brother in late thirties, teetotaller, homeowner, British citizen in health services. Details and horoscope to M 476 C/o Tamil Times,
Friend seeks educated Christian bride for professionally qualified, Tamil bachelor, 26, residing in Australia. M477 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu brother seeks qualified bride for brother, engineer, 31, UK residentemployed in London. Send horoscope, details to M 478 C/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu sister seeks fair and attractive partner for accountant brother, 33. Send details, horoscope with photograph. M 479 C/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu parents seek partner for their only daughter, engineer, 30, Peradeniya Campus. Details to M480 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu doctor seeks professionally qualified Hindu Tamil for his accomplished, pretty, graduate daughter, 24, British citizen. Apply with horoscope, returnable photo. M 481 C/o Tamil Times.
WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couples on their recent marriage. Dr. Rajaram son of Mr. & Mrs. Kandasamy, "Kantha Kottam, Pulolly East, Sri Lankavand Dr. Srisujanthy daughter of Mr. & Mrs. A. Veluppillai, "Sri Akam, Siruppiddy North, Sri Lanka on 102.91 at the Armenion Banquet Centre, Scarborough, Canada - Unit 15, 270 Timberbank Blvd., Scarborough, Ontario M1W2M1, Canada. Tel: (416) 756 0794.
S AAAAAALA S LLLLLLLLS HALSLMLLLSSkLMHMLkLSSaSSMkLDLEEE0LES SLSLSqAq qAS SLSLELSHLLAqAqALSLrLCLrLS LeSekSJSLLLSLLLMMML0MLSES
Physics/Mathematics Tuition
in Pinner, Middx. U.K. by Lecturer. Tele phone 081-866 3363.
Jegatihkumar son of Mr. samy, 57 Pretoria Road 1 1 EU and Anuratha daugh Theivendran, 61 The F Midd. HA3 OLMV on 27 Murugan Temple, London
Dr. Sri Kumar son of Mr.
ramaniam of 30/1 KaCh Jaffna and indhumathi Mrs. P. Kulasingham of Ilford, Essex, IG† 2HU o Kelly School Hall, Neasde
Balendra eldest son of til ham and Mrs. A. Thuraisi apurana Veethi, Kandarm Sugitha eldest daughter Suntharalingam, 17 Ashd sley, Stourbridge, West M On 31.3.91 at Highgate London N6.
Ravlendrakumar son o Kunasingam of 4 Southw London SW2O 9 JO and S ter of Mr. & Mrs. S. Tharmé pathy', Sithankerny, Jafna gate Murugan Temple, lo
OÈTÜÄR
Mrs. Rupavathy Nadaraj the late Dr. V. Nadara Medical of Health, Colom mala Puvan lswaran (A Vijendra (Eastbourne, U. Aruna Perumal (Canada) Dr. Vijendra and Jayantha nmother of Anusha, Asha aI on Sunday, 17th March place in Eastbourne, We
Tel 0323 642O55.
Mr. Velupillai Nadarajah Ceylon School of Social V Mr. & Mrs. Velupillai of C
 
 
 

& Mrs. S. KandaWorth, London N18 fer Of Mr. & Mrs. P. idgeway, Kenton, 3.91 at Highgate N6.
& Mrs. V. SivasubCheri East Lane, daughter of Mr. & 7 Mayville Road, n 31.3.91 at John n, London NW2.
e late Thuraisingngham of 6 Kanthadan, Jaffna and of Dr. & Dr.(Mrs.) Own Drive, Wordidlands DY8 5OY Murugan Temple,
f Mr. & Mrs. R. vay, Raynes Park, athyaselvy daughlingan of "Kamalaon 1.4.91 at HighrdOf N6.
ES
ah beloved wife of ah (Retired Chief bo), mother of Nirustralia), Shamala K.), and Dr.(Mrs.) l; mother-in-law of Perumal and grand ld Lavanya expired '991. Funeral took st Sussex, U.K. -
, formerly Director, Work, son of the late hetty Street, Nallur,
xxxxxcXox«*A*XWEwr :-488 » Mox
15 APRIL 1991
axis-w-yssexesex.-y
Sri Lanka, son-in-law of the late Mr. K. Muthulingam and Mrs. Muthulingam of Tellipalai, Sri Lanka, beloved husband of MuthuAmbikai father of Dr. Sakunthala and Dr. Ravindran, father-in-law of Dr. Suresh Thayalan and Meera; grandfather of Arjun passed away in U.K. on 4th April 1991 - 150 Gorringe Park Avenue, Mitcham, Surrey CR4 2DX, U.K. Tel: 081 646 7257.
Mr. Sabalingam Uthayalingam (41) son of the late Mr. E. Sabalingam, formerly Principal of Jaffna Central & Jaffna Hindu colleges and the late Mrs. Malarjothi Sabalingam; beloved husband of Premaruba, father of Sarangan and Saravanan; brother of Dr. Jothilingam (U.K.), Mrs. Shanthi Mahendran (Bharain), Jeyalingam, Abayalingam, Mrs. Kalaichelvi Navendran (all of U.K.), son-in-law of Mr. & Mrs. Navaratnam of Kondavil Sri Lanka; passed away under tragic Circumstances, knocked down by a motor vehicle, on 4.4.91 - 25 Elm Drive, North Harrow, Middx. HA27BS, U.K. Tel: O81 427 4153.
Mrs. Annapooranam Thillainayagam (79) wife of the late K. Thillainayagam, Retired Station Master, C.G.R., Sri Lanka of Kulamangal, Mallakam, Sri Lanka; beloved mother of Kugathas (Sri Lanka), Mrs. Navamany Kanagasooriam, Mavinthiridevi (both of Canada), Patkunadas (France), Mrs. Urmadevi Balasubramaniam (Sri Lanka), Dr. Sivathasan, and Arulthas (both of U.K.); mother-in-law of Rajeswari, Kanagasooriam, Suntharavalli, Balasubramaniam, Jeyamani and Varnarani passed away on 22.3.91 in U.K. Her anthiyeddy rites were performed on 21.4.91 at Riverdale Hall, The Lewisham Centre, Rennell Street, London SE13 - 23 Spring Rice Road, Hither Green, London SE13. Tel 0.81 318 6703.

Page 25
5 APRIL 1991
IN MEMORAM
in Loving Memory of our Sister & Aunt Mrs. Mangayatkarasi Arumainayagam (mee Marimuuttu)
Born: 2O2. 1919 Rest 23.4.1980 Ex-Principal Trincomalle Methodist Girls' English School & Ex-District Guide CommisSOer.
Twentyfive years of dedicated service as Principal, loved and respected by all students and staff.
Eleven years have passed since your loving, genial face vanished from our midst with all glory, but not from our aching hearts, where it will always remain as our family Patron Saint, ideal irreparable sister and aunt. - Mr. & Mrs. T. Pararajasingham, nephews and nieces, 27 Mayford, Howard Road, Surbiton, Surrey KT5 8SB.
Professor Singam is Dead
Archibald W. Singam, an authority on the Caribbean and a professor of political science at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York died of a brain tumour on 12 March 1991, at Tisch Hospital in the New York University Medical Centre. He was 58 years old and lived in Brooklyn.
Professor Singham was a founding member of the social sciences faculty of the University of West indies, Jamaica, where he taught from 1960 to 1970. He also taught at the University of Michigan, Howard University of Washington and the University of Manchester in England before joining Brooklyn College.
Consultant to U.N. Agencies
He was a researcher and Consultant to a number of United Nations Agencies and was well-known for his work on non-aligned and third world Countries. He showed concern for the plight of the Tamils in Sri Lanka, wrote several articles and participated in seminars.
He was also a senior fellow at the Centre on the Study of Violence and Human Survival at John Jay College and the first scholar in residence at the New York State Martin Luther King institute for Non-violence in Albany in 1990-1991.
He wrote several books including, "Nonaignment in an Age of Alignments', 'Namibian independence, A Global Responsibility' and with his wife "The Hero and the Crowd in a Colonial Polity'. He was also a member of the editorial board of The Nation magazine.
Professor Singham, who was born in Burma of Sri Lankan parents, was educated in Sri Lanka and graduated from Wesleyan Uni
versity. He recei Ph.D. fron the U Besides his wi tant provost of Hu by a son, Roy of of Williamstown, Children.
FORTHC
May 3 6.45pm Sents Children's Brent Town Ha Middx. Tel: O81 4
May 53.30pm Nic 48 Great Peter
el O71 222289 May 12 6.00pm Exhibition at Ch tion Road, Ching 514 6390. May 18 6.50p School presents ing a Carnatic V ni Sriskandaraja Education Centr SE25. Tel 08 2
May 24 7.45pm F Chaurasia at Q Bank Centre, Lor 6043.
May 29 8.00pm thathy Sriskant South Bank Cen O8 471 2348.
June 1 7.00pm Young Musici Natyam Rectal Commonwealth Street, London Sargam 071 736
At The Bhavan Road, London 3036,4608.
May 4 5.30pm E with particular re Ven. Vajirgnana. May 5 6.00pm C Dr. M. Hariharar May 11 5.30pm relevance today May 18 5.30pm V presented by Mr. May 31 7.45pm Ramayana Dan Chitra Visweswa
Galaxy
Sri Th
West London T Thiagaraja Day recitals of Vocal music on 93.91 Hall. Cilit, T. Tay Was the Chief G School on orgar music of high st Ambika Thamo Priyadarsharna Sasikala Kothan nar, Saroja Navaneethayalat
The violinists Arvind Jayan, K. tha Ratnasingan Veena, Renuka nandan, Shyam
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 2.
ved a masters degree and niversity of Michigan. e Shirley, who is the assisInter College, he is survived Chicago, a daughter, Shanti Mass. and three grand
cOMING EVENTS
Tamil Orphans Trust preVariety Entertainment at ill, Forty Lane, Wembley,
22 OO12. vena at Asian Chaplaincy, Street, London SW1 P2HA. 5. Cultural Evening and Art ingford Assembly Hall, Stayford, London E4. Tel: 081
m South London Tamil a Cultural Evening includocal Recital by Smt Mathih at South Norwood Adult 2, Sundown Road, London 91 2679.
'lute Recital by Hariprasad ueen Elizabeth Hall, South Con SE18XX. Tel 081 904
Veena Concert by Arunharajah at Purcell Room, tre, London SE1 8XX. Tel:
British Association of ans presents Bharatha by Chitra Visweswaran at Institute, Kensington High MV8 6NQ. Tel ASSOCiation O910.
| Centre, 4A Castletown W14 9HQ. Te: O71 381
Ethics in World Religions levance to Buddhism by
carnatic Vocal Concert by l.
The Ramayana and its by Mathoor Krishnamurti. 'illage India - A Slide Show
F.L. Locke.
Raguvamsa Tilakam - ce feature presented by
ran & her students.
of Musicians at iagaraja Day
amil School celebrated Sri with a five hour session of and Instrumental Carnatic at the Wembley High School lor, Deputy Mayor of Brent uest and Complimented the lising a concert of eastern andard. The vocalists were theran, M. Yogeswaran, Yogarajah, Kala Yogarajah, dapani, Puvana lampooraRamakrishnan, Prema
and Mrs. Paranthaman.
were Dr. Lakshmi Jayan, artik Ragunathan and Arunl. The following played the Shriananda, Renuka Sivaala Jayachandran, Sutha
mathy Srisatikunan, Kanchana Sivalingam
The Flutists were M. Yogeswaran, Y. Bala
murugan and Dr. T. Nimalaraj. Those on Mridangam, Ghattam, Ganjira and Morsing were l. Somasundara Desigar, Muthu Sivara
jah, Anjalo Kumaradas, Kandiah Sithampar anathan, M. Sukumar, S. Kirupakaran, Yasa karan Sarma. The grand finale was the group rendering of Sri Thiagaraja's Pancharatné Keerthanas.
Shakespeare's “Shakunthalam”
The well known English playwright if living today would have been pleased at the above title given to a Bharatha Natya Ballet (dance drama) produced by his namesake Srimathi G u na wat hy Shakespeare of the Shakespeares School of Oriental Dancing in London. Mention must be made of the timing of this ballet which was a happy choice. Although credit to Shakunthalam is always attributed to the great Indian poet and dramatist Mahakawi Kalidas the story originally appeared in the first book of "Mahabharat'. It was Bharat - the only son of Shakunthala and Dhushyantan who later became King of Hastinapur and is the starting point - direct ancestor of the Pandavas and Kauravas of the Guru Clan.
The story of Mahabharat which is now doing its run in BBC TV in its 45th weekly episode with about 45 more episodes to run is creating a strong influence amongst the Asian teenagers in U.K. who know nothing of our rich culture and therefore prefer to identify themselves with alien Cultures as a result of which they are cast off as misfits or freaks in our present Society. "Mahabharat' TV serial is doing immense service to the children of Asian parents in U.K. today. Mrs. Shakespeare's 'Shakunthalam' ballet has been staged at a time when Mahabharat is still fresh in the minds of these youngsters. The ideals emphasised in our great Hindu epics such as respect for elders, obedience to parents, respect for a spiritual Master/Guru clearly shown week after week in "Mahabharat' TV serial have also been emphasised in Shakespeare's Shakunthalam - dance drama.
The participating dancers are mostly British born teenagers whose parents originally came from far away lands such as Mauritius, Jaffna, Nairobi in Kenya, Gujrat in India and many others. The ballet opens with the great Sage Viswamitra doing intense penance which frightened the Devas and Indra in Indra Loka, and the celestial nymph Menaka being sent by them to distract the Sage and entice him. Menaka gives birth to Shakunthala and

Page 26
26 TAMIL TIMES
abandons her in the forest, and the well known story continues. The epic is beautifully narrated by the forty odd dancers who fitted into the roles assigned to them.
Niili Shah as Shakunthala and Nilam Pillay as Dhushyantan were clearly very impressive. Suman Pandia as Sage Viswamitra and Sage Kanva, Sunthari Kumaravel as Sage Durvasa and Palace Guard, Sonal Shah as Priyamvada and Fisherman and the talented Shenika Shakespeare as Apsaras Menaka and Gautami - in dual roles understood their different characteristics and performed well. However, a youngster barely six years of age stole the show in his role as Bharat - Son of Shakunthala and Dhushyantan. Kannan Pillay - the only male in this all female cast - I am told is equally at ease in breakdancing as he is in Bharatha Natya.
An example of these youngsters captivating the mood of the entire audience was seen when they moved some members of the audience to tears in a scene of farewell to Shakunthala where she bids goodbye to her friends, birds, animals and plants before leaving her hermitage to see her husband Dhushyantan. Such is the power of communication via Abhinaya in Bharatha Natyan. This is the second Bharatha Natyam ballet to go on stage in London following the successful staging of 'Kuravanchi" by The Laxmi Arts Centre. Srimathi Gunawathy Shakespeare deserves to be congratulated on the success of this venture in particular her efficient training of these youngsters and putting them on stage as brilliant artistes and performers. We hope that other dancing schools in London will select, choreograph, and stage in ballet form other great Indian epics so that these stories cause an everlasting impression amongst the present generation of Asian youngsters in Britain.
- Wimal Sockanathan.
Tamil New Year & 5th Anniversary Celebrations
The Institute of Tamil Culture, Surbiton, U.K., celebrated the Tamil New Year and their 5th Anniversary at a well attended function at the Surbiton Assembly Rooms on 7th April. It was a happy experience to watch children as young as 5 and 6 years old, who were born in the U.K. dancing, playing musical instruments and singing in Tamil. The adults too provided Sonne items,
The Chief Guests were the Deputy Mayor of the Royal Borough of Kingston, Cllr. David Fraser and Mrs. Phliss Fraser, who expressed their happiness in taking part in the Celebrations for the second year in succesSion. The Deputy Mayor Congratulated the Institute for their significant contribution to the multi cultural life of the borough and hoped
that he could on the next o Tamil. Miss Pat Jones, the Knollmead Primary School, tute's classes are held comp, for training the children to a Mr. K. Jegatheeswaran, th the Institute thanked Mr. Fo Chief Executive of the borou Jones for their help and gu the staff and parents for the
Classes are Conducted between 9.00am and 1.00 details contact: K. Jegathe master, Tel 081 949 3012 Administrator, Tel: 081 399
A Good Laugh f
A hilarious, appropriately til play LONDON BRIDEGF Maappillai) and an exquisite two highly talented exponen Natyam went on boards to audience on Saturday 2 Mé Hall, London SE13.
The young dancers Vic Kuhanandan with nattuvang Srimati Ragini Rajagopal a stage accompaniment, begi entertainment with an in VOC Ganesha and proceeded c that Carried the audience in the divine beings. Their inte lordly pranks of God-Chil meaningfully expressive an to Lord Sri Subramanya w inspiring. They concluded the traditional mangalam and th sed them with their sponta tion.
Playwright Manoharan wh and starred in the con BRIDEGROOM touched mo the incredible factors that S. persist in the evil and inhuma Weaving his thrusts and bar of Tamil social and family life the means of comic caricatut deal of laughter into what at revered' strands that pre archaic and intolerant syst munity.
Two fond parents in Sri letter from London and even open the letter, they tearate excitement... And the news oj their son had passed his aminations in London and Was imminent.
Such news fly the neig beyond and bring in those p now into the arena - the brok tive fathers-in-law and many part and parcel of the syste
 
 

15 APRIL 1991
ccasion speak in Head Teacher of where the instilinented the staff high standard.
e Headmaster of bert McCloy, the gh and Miss Pat idance and also ir support.
every Saturday pm. For further eswaran, Heador W. Thayalan, 7348.
or Dowry
led and a timely ROOM (London dance recital by its of the Bharata an appreciative arch at Riverdale
ya and Sathya am support from long with an onan the evening's ation to Lord Sri in with numbers to the realins of pretations of the di Krishna were d the adorations fere serene and air recital with the e audience blesпеous apprecia
Io also produced nedy LONDON st of the facets of fill dominate and an dowry system. bs on all aspects , he has through es added a great e treasured and serve such an em in the COm
Lanka receive a before they tear ach Other in their Course was that acountancy exhis return hone
hbourhood and eople that matter ers, the prospec/ others who are m. Manoharans
humour and wit gathers momentum, for after all these characters best consigned to legends are still alive and play their roles without being conscious that the world has moved considerably away from such systems.
They persist and the community suffers, and if comic canicatures cannot open the souls and hearts of dowry hunters what else will - and has not the system, so evil, now extended its tentacles to new Tamil habitations in various parts of the world?
in Manoharan's play, the brawls are plenty and these no doubt are typical of the tension dowry system promotes. However in the end, he touches the ideal the society so badly needs and that is, it is character, compatibility and the capacity for two young people to be committed to each other with dignity and pride are all that count and not marriage brokers, hard cash, property and even British passports that are considered vulture-style.
The events of the evening were possible through the hard work done by the Mahajana Old Students Association in London.
in a world riddled with pain, we are grateful to anybody who can make us laugh, but to instruct at the same time is an excellence that few possess. The noble work in conservation and propagation of the best elements of our cultural heritage is a very committed spirit of service and the Mahajana past students in London deserve our commendations, Commented one of the evening's guests.
Swami Siva Nandhi's Lecture Tour
Swami Siva Nandhi (formerly Mr. K. Gnanasurian), the spiritual Head of the London Meikandaar Aadheenam has successfully Completed a Saiva Siddhanta lecture tour of Colombo, Madras, Chidamparam, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Penang.
The keynote message emphasized at the above centres was the need to bring religion into the everyday life so that the younger generation understand and appreciate Saiva rituals. The Sri Muneeswaram Temple lectures in Penang, organised by Dr. K. Loganathan and the Arulneri Thirukkootam Seminar organised by Sri V. Seenivacagam and Dr. S. Gangadaran (of Madurai University) at Kuala Lumpur were the highlights of the tour.
Swamiji with Head of Thiruppanandaal Mutt
While in Tamilnadu, Swamiji was ceremoniously received and honoured by the Heads of the Saiva Mutts at Dharmapuram, Thiruvavaduthurai and Thiruppanandal. DisCuSSions were held with the head of the Dharmapuram Mutt for the holding of the 3rd lnternational Saiva Siddhanta Seminar at McMaster University, Canada later this year.

Page 27
15 APRIL 1991
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AN AIR LANKA RETURNIT CET TO COLOMBO/SRI LANKA
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RacDOrle Holidays LII (ed O7I-580 A60
5 RANTHEBONE PLACE, LOND ON W1P 1AB محياة
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OUR NEW YEAR WISHES TO ALL
k Wariety of Sri Lankan & Indian foods available tail E, wholesale
dit Fresh wEgaliablas and Hrozni sa loods at low pric85 (Squid, Prawns, Shark, Crat, and diherent kinds of fish de Original Indian stairiless steral Lutransis (Kuda T, KLuthu wilakku, Pametersembu, ildli, Puttu. Thosai. Appam, Waddaiard all kinds of pots dr Electrical appliarices & fancy goods (National & Sanyo Rice cookers of varying capacities, Prestige products, fans, wall clocks, rain lamps) * Religious items-Pictures of Luxmi, Murugar, Ganapathy, Siwa, Sara5*{ith ard trafrites: Sandal Wood powder, KurguTart, Holy Ash, Incense, loss Sticks, Cillamp wicks, Salfron Y LMCCC GLLLCLLLLC LL CLM LLM HLS0LLLLL S LaEE Y LLLS LLLLLLaCLCC & dBV Clia
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Cld and new Tamil video filrtis available for overseas sales only, Classifilms or irg
* Td Til & English Taga? ir ES & r. wspapers available lor sala
00a LSL a aL SLLL L S S S u SS u LLL 0 S Tel: OB1-471 5742
Open 7 days a week 9arn to 9pril Mail orders wg|Coring
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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TEL: OB1-3689544
SHIPPING
TAVE
FAX: O71 5B48425
TEACHEST TO COLOMBO E2.5D OTHER GOODSAT E2.50 PER CUBIC FOOT. 2O" & 40' CONTAINERS TO AND FROM SRI LANKA COLLECTION CAN BE ARRANGED FROM ANYWHERE IN THE U.K. DOOR TO DOOR SER WICE IN SRI LANKA
ECONOMY FLIGHTS TO SRI LANKA FOR ALL YOUR WORLDWIDE DESTINATIONS CONTACT ARI OR WICTOR WECAN ARRANGE HOTELS CAR HIRE INSURANCE
COLOMEO OFFICE: EUROLANKA SHIPPING, 39, 33rd LANE, WELLAWAT TE, COLOMBO 6
TEL: 502 916 FAX: 5899OO TLX: 22270
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The best of Sri Lankan cuisine in a tropical and relaxing atmosphere 67 Sydenham Rd. London SE26 081-676.8641