Page 1
Tani LTIMMIE
vol.x. No.9 ssN 0286-44s 15 August
Londo
S. Krishnakular (Kittu)
Ole B
O The Ethnic Conflict
O
O Democracy & Tamil
Liberation
Gandhi Assassination - A Point of View
he cont
mileon erence
TENTH YEAR OF UNINTE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

"I do not agree With a Word of What you say, but I defend to the death your right to say it."
— WOTE
91 75p
The Battle of Elephant Pass
Otani Refugees in India – An Uncertain Futtre
TTE leadete eepoted
O Whither Sri Lanka
kan Nigurare – A Cuestion of Self-Deternation
tained Editor's Release Sought

Page 2
2 TAMIL TIMES
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15 AUGUST 1991
CONTENTS
The Battle of Elephant Pass. . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Uncertain future for Tamil refugees..... 5 ISSN 02 ANNUAL SU
TE's airpower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 UKMinda/Sri Lank
Australia. . . . .
Detained editor's release sought....... 7 Canada. . . . . . All other countrie News in Brief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. OS X o Y 9 Publishe
A The Balkan Nightmare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 P.O. BC SUTTON, SURF Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily UNITED those of the editor or the publishers. Phone: O81
A NEW In
An opposition MP in the Sri Lankan Parliament, Mr. Mangala Moonesinghe, has proposed that a parliamentary Select Committee be appointed to arrive at a political solution to the national question involving the devolution of power to the Northern and Eastern Provinces'. The government has already announced its acceptance of the proposal. Other political parties, including those not represented in parliament, have wescomed the proposal.
Of particular significance is the fact that the MP concerned belongs to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) which, whether under the leadership of the late Mr. S. W. R.D. Bandaranaike or subsequently under Mrs. Sirima Bandaranaike, bears a major responsibility for initiating and implementing a series of discriminatory and oppressive measures that in the first instance precipated, and later exacerbated the ethnic Conflict in the island.
The primary obstacle to the resolution of the conflict has been the failure on the part of the two main political parties representing the majority Sinhalese community, the United National Party (UNP)and the SLFP, to raise the national question above sectarian party political considerations.
The SLFP has been particularly guilty of criticising, opposing and even obstructing each and every move the government and other concerned parties have made for resolving ths problem. Up to now, it has also failed to present its own preferred set of proposals. To that extent the SLFP has been playing a negative and disruptive role.
The broken pacts and failed attempts of the past to effect a negotiated settlement to the national question were more due to the absence of a Consensus on the part of the parties reprsenting the majority Sinhalese community and less for reasons of obduracy or intransigence
 

TAMIL TIMES 3
CONTENTS
s Whither Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 66.4488 Democracy and Tamil Liberation. . . . . . 2
BSCRIPTION Ea. . . E10/USS20 Sri Lanka - The Ethnic Conflict. . . . . . . 14 . . . .AusS40
. . . CanS35 The California Tamil Conference. . . . . . 18 . . . E15/USS30 d by Rajiv's Murder and the Tamil Problem. .22 TD Quiz Crossword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 REY SM1 3 TD CINGDOM The publishers assume no responsibility for return of |-644 0972 unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and artwork.
ITIATIVE
on the part of the parties representing the Tamil Speaking people,
The appointment of a parliamentary Select Committee will offer an opportunity for the first time for all political parties represented in Parliament to discuss and arrive at a political solution to the national question. There is no reason to believe that this exercise should take long provided there is the required political will and honesty of purpose. For a start, there is already in existence the legislative framework of Provincial Councils that emerged from the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of July 1987. This framework was wanting in many respects. It has to be conceded that the attempt to perpetuate the unitary state in the form bequeathed by the British has brought disaster to the country and its peoples.
One important fact is that the LTTE, which is the most dominant and decisive of all Tamil groups and which is engaged in the Ongoing war, is not represented in Parliament and hence the proposed Select Committee will not have the benefit of their representation. Needless to say that any attempt at resolution of the national question without LTTE's participation is foredoomed to failure. This fundamental inadequacy has to be addressed by facilitating LTTE's participation through its own chosen representatives who may be offered the opportunity to submit their own proposals and take part in the deliberations of the Committee. The LTTE has already publicly called for a resumption of negotiations with the government and therefore it can be presumed that the LTTE will not want to lose the opportunity to place its own demands and proposals before the Select Committee comprising all political parties.
In the context of the ongoing war which has claimed thousands of lives and Wrought havoc and destruction in the North-East of the island, the proposal of a parliamentary Select Committee is an initiative worth pursuing.

Page 4
4 TAM TIMES
The Battle Of Elephan
Rita Sebastian from Colombo
No battle in the decade old war between the Tigers and government forces generated so much media coverage as that of Elephant Pass. It was not merely a battle for the strategically located camp, lying on the narrow causeway linking the northern peninsula with the southern mainland, but a prestige battle as well.
The forces could not let it go the way of Kokkavil and Mankulam before it. The camp had to be freed. The Tigers on the other hand wanted to prove their invincibility.
The battle posed tremendous problems for the forces. An estimated 800 men were inside a camp which was literally surrounded by hundreds of Tigers in their well fortified bunkers.
Although the battle for Elephant Pass intensified on July 10, the camp was virtually under rebel siege since June 1990 when fresh hostilities broke ουί.
Four days into the battle, and the forces made one of its surprise moves. An amphibious landing at the fishing village of Vettilaikerni, 9 kilometres from the camp was to dramatically change the course of the battle.
"Operation Balevegaya' had battalions of soldiers ferried from the eastern province to fight their way, in what was Tiger territory.
The battle was fierce, as it was bloody. For the troops it was a hard slog on an unfamiliar, sandy, mine riddled terrain. And quite naturally the casualties were high on both sides. In the month long war the military confirmed it had lost over 160 men and estimated over 2000 rebel casualties. Even given the fact that the rebel casualties are on the unbelievably high side, there is no getting away from the fact that hundreds of Tigers were killed in action.
Both sides threw in a substantial amount of men and material. Military sources confirmed that it was the single largest battle in its military history. As the Tigers directed their deadly 'pasilon 2000 mortars at the camp, and at advancing troops, the Sri Lankan airforce pounded Tiger positions.
The battle also had an unexpected element thrown in when the Tigers, for the first time, directed powerful antiaircraft guns at helicoptors, thus successfully preventing the evacuation of the dead and injured. The ashes of the 25 soldiers who fell victim to Tiger gunfire inside the camp, were handed over to their families the week after the siege,on the camp was broken.
The forces won Elephant but, not continues despite Pr he Premadasa's app that at least now th their campaign ofte: victors in a war. All a
The Tiger leadersh battle hardened figh This was no hit and a battle that was v face confrontation. M of conventional warf
The fact that the T keep fighting, they s almost a month pro capabilities. More to fact that they like powerful arsenal o even the crackdown and an year of fighti forces has immobilit machine.
They also seem haustible supply offi so many years of seem to be low on m
Although the mi have not divulged v plans are at the mon that the forces will n peninsula. An operat peninsula would m soldiers besides the 1 that such an exercis
The government playing the reality t the northeast, and t would become vul: attacks with thou moved from other a at Elephant Pass.
- A New Eff
And so once again the question of a n settlement. All eyes the Parliamentary that is to be appo motion by Sri Lank front-runner Manag
Under standing O tee will comprise could well be expan to reach consensus substantial devolut will meet the as Tamils? How will t lims respond to a st not give them equi with the Tamils in provinces?
What is hearteni

15 AUGUST 1991
tPass
the battle at the war. It still esident Ramasingeal to the Tigers
ey should ʻgive up
rror. There are no are losers', he said. hip put some of its ters to the front. run operation but irtually a face to ore in the nature are.
igers were able to
till are, even after
ves their fighting the point is the the forces had a f weaponry. Not h in Tamil Nadu ng the Sri Lankan sed their fighting
to have an inexghters. Even after battle they don't e.
ilitary top brass what their future ment, it is unlikely narch north to the ion to take on the 2an thousands of military hardware e would entail.
is also not down hat other areas in he border villages nerable to Tiger sands of troops reas and deployed
Drt at Peace
i you come back to egotiated political are now focused on Select Committee inted following a ka Freedom Party ala Moonesinghe. rders the commit12 members, but ded. Will it be able and put forward a ion package that pirations of the he minority Musolution which may al representation the northeastern
ng is that, for the
time the Sri Lanka Freedom Party is of the view that it must make a positive contribution to resolving the national question. Although it was vehemently opposed to the provincial councils it is understood to have decided to go even further, and agree to some kind of regional autonomy after excising some of the Sinhala dominated areas of the eastern province and annexing them to other provinces.
What it would mean in effect is redrawing boundaries to accommodate the Tamil demand for a permanently merged northeast province.
As was articulated at the recent meeting of SLFP MPs that unanimously adopted the Mangala Moonesinghe motion, it has to be a devolution package acceptable to the Tamils, not the Tigers in particular.
The history making adoption of the SLFP motion without division in parliament on August 9, augurs well for the appointment of a Select Committee that will we hope find that elusive solution that will bring an end to the northeast conflict and return the country to peace and political stability.
It is probably the first time that government and opposition will seriously address the national question. The time for playing politics is over. The people need the political will and statesmanship of its leaders to bring an end to a war where there will be no winners as President Premadasa himself has said.
Taman Times
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Page 5
15 AUGUST 1991
Uncertain Future for Tamil Refugees in
by M.R. Narayan Swamy of AFP
MADRAS, India, Aug. 3 - Thousands of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees face an uncertain future in India following the gruesome assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
The Government of Tamil Nadu State, where Gandhi was killed, has cracked down determinedly on illegal Tamil refugees after thousands failed to register with authorities.
Some 2,000 Tamils have been arrested throughout the southern coastal State for staying in India without valid documents.
Tamil Nadu officials say more arrests are in the offing, and Sri Lankan Tamils living here say they have never faced such hostility and distrust from Government agencies and the local population.
"There has been a very, very noticeable change in the attitude of the (Tamil Nadu) people,' said Chelvanayagam Chandrahasan, a Sri Lankan who runs a refugee relief organisation here. "Our people are facing a fairly unpleasant situation.'
Indian Tamils, after strongly backing the cause of their Sri Lankan brethren for years, appear to behaving second thoughts in the wake of Gandhi's assassination by suspected Sri Lankan Tamil guerrillas.
"People are suspicious about Sri Lankan refugees,' said Cho Ramaswamy, a well-known Tamil journalist and political satirist "the people of Tamil Nadu want them to go back.'
Added a Madras University student: "For years we gave them shelter, what have we got in return... Gandhi's assassination.
The sooner they (the Sri Lankan Tamils) are all packed off the better,' she said.
Tamil Nadu politicians say the unprecedented and unconcealed revulsion against the Sri Lankans is an extension of the people's anger at the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), the biggest Tamil rebel group in Sri Lanka.
The LTTE, believed to maintain an
extensive network in Tamil Nadu, has emerged as the key suspect in Gandhi’s slaying and its denials are not taken seriously here.
“People suspect that many Sri Lankans may be willingly or unwillingly extending help or assistance to LTTE activities (in Tamil Nadu),' said Jana Krishnamurthy, a Right-wing Hindu politician.
There are more til Lankan Tamils in Tal 115,000 of them liv refugee camps, while ! their own throughout
Many have been h when a Tamil Sepa erupted in Sri Lank triggering a violent forced civilians to flee boatload.
On June 24, a mor was killed by a suic Tamil Nadu Govern. Lankans living outsid to register themselves or face deportation. I rented houses to Sri Lo told to inform poli tenants.
But when the July registration expired, ( ple had complied.
Chandrahasan said were doing their best ans to register, but a were reasons why m holding their identities He said many Sri “mingled with the loca will be very difficult ti statement with whic police agree.
Police sources said ans had married Indi, Indian passports, settle property and gone into But the refugees' de register themselves ha ire of the locals with w
LONDON LTTE TO BE DEP
The London leader of Tigers of Tamil Eelam Kittu, has been inform ish government that h ported from the Unite the first instance he v until August 7 to leave own accord, but it is that the period allowed tended.
Mr. Krishnakumar w Committee member of functioned as the spok international secretaria from its London office Place since his arrival June 1989. He was a we in Jaffna in northern Sr

AM MES 5
India
an 200,000 Sri hil Nadu. Nearly e in some 200 he others live on the State.
ere since 1983, ratist campaign a's North-East, backlash which to India by the
th after Gandhi de bomber, the ment asked Sri e refugee camps with authorities ndians who had unkans were also ce about their
19 deadline for nly 22,000 peo
his volunteers to get Sri Lankdded that there any were with3.
Lankans have al population. It ) spot them' - a h Tamil Nadu
many Sri Lankans or acquired 2d down, bought
business.
fiant refusal to as added to the hom they share
a common language, culture and heritage.
"People now make all kinds of remarks at us,’ said a Sri Lankan man in his 50s who has lived here since 1984. The other day a shopkeeper told me not to hide Gandhi's assassin. It is terrible.
Although most Sri Lankans have lived in peace in Tamil Nadu, the locals have blamed them for the increasing violence in the State - and for spiraling rents in some urban residential 888S.
Recently, all that appears to have erupted like a volcano.
Chandrahasan had to deny press reports that some refugees celebrated the assassination of Gandhi, who in July 1987 sent Indian troops to Sri Lanka to fight the LTTE. Thousands died in more than two years of fighting.
"Most of us are ashamed or sick of (the killing)," said Chandrahasan, who is reportedly on the LTTE's hit list. But very many just cannot afford to talk.”
A former Tamil Nadu legislator who has supported Sri Lankan Tamil claims for autonomy since the 1970s called for an understanding of their problems.
"After allowing them to come and stay here, we cannot just dump them,' T.R. Janarthanam said. "Before sending them back we must solve their problems and find them a home.'
The Tamil Nadu Government has not said what it proposes to do with Sri Lankans who have been detained or with those found not to have registered. -
An official said the State Government would urge New Delhi to ask Sri Lanka to take its citizens back, but he admitted he had no idea whether the Sri Lankan refugees would agree to return.
LEADER ORTED
the Liberation (LTTE), alias ed by the Brithe is to be deKingdom. In vas given time the UK on his reliably learnt has been ex
ho is a Central the LTTE has esman foro the t of the LTTE in Tavistock in the UK'in l known figure i Lanka where
he held the rank of district military commander of the LTTE. In 1989 he came to Britain for medical treatment.
The news about his proposed deportation has raised natural concern among LTTE supporters in the UK. Many feel that in making the decision to deport Krishnakumar, the British government has submitted to pressure following the assassination of India's former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in respect of which the finger of accusation has been directed at the LTTE despite its denial of any involvement.
In August last year Mr. Krishnakumar applied to the Home Secretary seeking political asylum in Britain, but the application was turned down. On 29 July he was served with a letter stating that the Secretary of State for
. . . . . Continued on page 6

Page 6
6 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 5
Home Affairs has decided in principle to deport Krishnakumar from the United Kingdom for the reason that he had abused his position organising fund-raising by coercion and attempting to buy arms and otherwise further the aims of a terrorist organisation. Mr. Krishnakumar has been told that his presence in the UK would not be conducive to the public good for reasons of a political nature, namely the international fight against terrorism.
He also has been informed by the Secretary of State that it was not his intention to detain him, but further consideration would be given if he did not leave by the stipulated date.
The provision of the Immigration Act under which the Home Secretary has acted does not provide Krishnakumar with a right of appeal to the courts against the proposed deportation. The only right he has is to make representations to a panel of advisers appointed by the Home Secretary. This procedure which has been the subject of severe criticism by civil rights organisations does not allow the person facing deportation to know about the evidence upon which the Home Secretary has come to his decision, nor doesit permit legal representation when he appears before the panel.
It is reliably learnt that if Krishnakumar is compelled to leave Britain, he will be seeking asylum in some other European country.
TAMIL RESIDENTS HARASSED
Tamil residents in Colombo and its suburbs have been facing harassment from security forces following the bombing at the JOC headquarters in Colombo on June 21. In addition to the requirement that all Tamils who had recently arrived in Colombo must register with the local police stations, hundreds have been taken into custody in widespread search operations undertaken by security forces and detained allegedly for questioning. Although many have been released, it is reported that still there are over two hundred persons being held at various police stations including Fort, Pettah, Kotahena, Wellawatte, Slave Island, Mattakkuliya and Bambalapitiya.
Since June 90 when fighting broke out between government forces and the LTTE, tens of thousands of Tamil families have fled from the north and east to the south of the island and most of them have found accommodation in Colombo and adjoining areas.
Recently two men in uniforms entered a house in Ratmalana and questioned the female occupants regarding
the identify of the p But when the head went to the police st to handover identity told that no officer had visited his hous He expressed conce ty of the uniformed his house and he current search oper abuse and harassme abiding citizens.
Tamil residents in Ratmalana and Mo plained that they h and intimidated by were insisting that boarders or recent registered. Member munity have expre: security as they issued with docur when they registi police stations. “We government's call b the police, but we prove it. At any tin deny our registratio
LTTE's AIF Newspaper reports revealed governmen LTTE having acqui capability.
It would appear th Air Force recently s veillance in norther military intelligenc unidentified aircraf over northern air belonged to the LT Ministry was report fast to the warning new air defence st any possible air att or an unidentified chartering aircraft. ase of supersonic ir important part oft plan. Local pilots h handle the superso
*We can never les ity of the LTTE a But we are ready from foreign or lo Force Commander' dene was reported
The difficulty enc force to provide ad ground troops or provide much neet besieged garrison which was under c. the Tigers from Ju the view that the anti-aircraft weap anti-aircraft gun w seen in Sri Lanka by the Air Force Elephant Pass b defence ministry s

15 AUGUST 1991
sons living there. of the household tion the next day locuments he was from the station the previous day. about the identimen who visited feared that the tions could lead to it of innocent law
Mount Laviniya, atuwa have comve been harassed search teams who ll Tamils, not just rrivals, should be of the Tamil comsed fear for their are not usually hentary evidence r themselves at responded to the y registering with have nothing to le the police could n', a resident said.
R POWER'
n Sri Lanka have t's fears about the red aerial military
at the Sri Lankan tepped up air surn Sri Lanka after warned that an t spotted recently space might have TE. The Defence ed to have “reacted by working out a rategy to counter acks by the LTTE ally who could be The recent purchterceptors was an he new air defence ad been trained to ic aircraft.
ve out the possibilquiring air power. for any challenge cal elements”, Air Terrence Gunawaro have said.
puntered by the air quate air cover for even continue to ed supplies to the at Elephant Pass ntinuous attack by y 10 has reinforced TTE has acquired nry, At least one ich had never been efore was detected pilots during the tle. According to urces, the weapon
which was spotted only during night flights was described as the most powerful weapon in the hands of the LTTE.
NO MORE “HOUSEMADS”
Sri Lankan women going to the Middle East will no longer be described as "housemaids, they will carry the glorified job title of "house-nurses', according to a proposal put forward by the Minister of Labour and Vocational training, G.M. Premachandra.
It is said that the objective of the name-change move by the Minister is "to raise the dignity of labour'. Once the proposal comes into effect, recruitment agencies will be required to publish their advertisements of employment opportunities as vacancies for "house-nurses' and not housemaids.
As the Minister is trying to raise the dignity of labour by this name-change, there are reports that Sri Lankan housemaids who bore illegitimate children in Saudi Arabia have been brought back to Sri Lanka after they were imprisoned by Saudi authorities. The new born infants who were also imprisoned with their mothers have also been brought back. Eight women who had refused to reveal the paternity of the infants had agreed to travel back incognito.
It is no secret that women who go for employment, particularly as housemaids, to the Middle East have been subjected to all sorts of abuse including sexual abuse by the male members of the houses in which they are supposed to work. A change of name in their job title is not going to make any difference to their plight.
DEADLY TRADE PROSPERS
Once upon a time several species of elephants were distributed all over the world including Britain. Today only two species of this largest living land animal, the Indian and the African, survive but under threat of extinction. The one principal cause for the danger these animals face is a creamywhite hard substance of their tusks, the ivory. Vanity products to serve the human ego from ivory include bangles, beads, rings, combs, figures and models and even decorative carved ivory stands from the larger tusks. The whole trade in these products is obnoxious.
Apart from the fact the elephant is sacred to the Hindus with its strength and intelligence conceptualised as belonging to the realms of the supernatural, this pachyderm has been for cen
Continued on page 7

Page 7
15 AUGUST 1991
Detained Editor's Release
Mr. S. Sivanayagam, presently Editor of the fortnightly “Tamil Nation' has been taken into custody by the Tamil Nadu police and detained. The paper's office was raided by the police as part of a wider crackdown against activities by Sri Lankan Tamils following Rajiv Gandhi's assassination and Mr. Sivanayagam and three others were taken into custody. They are being held on charges of contravening the provisions of the law relating to the Press and Registration and Foreign Exchange Regulations and for remaining in India without a valid visa.
Mr. Sivanayagam, is a former editor of the weekly, 'Saturday Review' published from Jaffna. The paper was banned in early 1983 by the Sri Lankan government for the mere reason that it fearlessly exposed the atrocities committed against Tamils by the
security forces and severely criticised
the government for its misdeeds. When he feared arrest and detention by the security forces, Mr. Sivanayagam fled to Tamil Nadu in the middle of 1983 and ever since he has lived there.
Mr. Sivanayagam was a regular contributor to the "Tamil Times' until recently when he became editor of
"Tamil Nation'. His tion has caused muc large sections of the
Mr. P. Rajanaya "TamilTimes', in a le High Commissioner ing his interventio Sivanayagam's relea
"The fact that Mr. lived in India since 1 known to the aut known even in India some repute and h clandestine life. He v wife and children qu just before the war b the IPKF and LTTE Mr. Sivanayagam w in an Indian Air For take a mission of met the case, to hold him he was living in Tam valid visa, to say t
unreasonable.
"The paper he edit was admittedly pro-I I am sure you are have been many pap have published pro-) views. For that reas incarcerate the Editc
Continued from page 6
turies a working companion of man as a beast of labour and burden, and as a mobile fortress in wars of old. This partnership has served humanity well.
The greedy ones have no scruples and when it comes to a few bucks, their regard for morality or propriety will go begging. Sacred or not, friend or foe, they have caused wanton destruction to many elephant populations and that of several species of wild life for mere trinkets and rubbish.
Sri Lanka is a signatory to the CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Even though poaching for elephant tusks has been controlled to a considerable extent on the African continent, in Sri Lanka the evil trade is prospering beyond belief.
Recently the British Daily Mirror reported that the deadly trade in ivory is the ugly face of tourism on the paradise island of Sri Lanka. Dave Currey, a member of the Environmental Investigation Agency, following an undercover investigation said that despite the country signing the worldwide ban outlawing the ivory trade, it was being openly flouted there.
It was also found that ivory products are even exported to Britain and to make this a local trader alleged that he uses the State Gem Corporation to advantage. He also appeared to be
familiar with a shipp assist him. Probably, will get passed off a The paradox is tha government-funde( baby elephants. Ele as veritable templ Buddhists and the also popular official Lankan Head of St other countries.
Yet under the e officials and the ení the ivory trade will ism industry being The country’s civ wrought havoc to th tions in the jungles o eastern provinces.
If the elephant is creature, how come in Sri Lanka?
FAMOUS AS
Mrs. T. Kunabalasi
is now at 2350 DundaS
Toronto, Ontario Av
Tel:(416)
WANTED U
Typist cum word pl keyboard with flexible salary for Tamil forti newspaper. E 49 C/o

TAMIL TIMES 7
Sought
arrest and detenh concern among Tamil community. agam, Editor of etter to the Indian in the UK, seekn to secure Mr. se has stated:
Sivanayagam has 983 has been well horities. He was as a journalist of e did not lead a was living with his ite openly. In fact broke out between in October 1987, as flown to Jaffna ce plane to underdiation. This being on a charge that hil Nadu without a he least, is quite
ed, “Tamil Nation'' TTE in its stance. aware that there ers in India which LTTE articles and
on, one would not
rs of these papers.
Mr. Sivanayagam would appear to have exercised the same freedom of expression enjoyed by others in India in publishing his paper. In fact the authorities must have known that he was editing this paper for a long time now, and it does seem strange that they should have now taken him into custody and detained him on charges of technical breach of the law relating to press and registration of newspapers.
"There appears to be no doubt that Mr. Sivanayagam has become a victim of the tension and atmosphere created following the brutal assassination of Mr. Rajiv Gandhi. We ourselves have condemned this crime of barbarity as an act of unvarnished terrorism. The fact that the finger of suspicion is being directed at the LTTE in regard to the assassination does not mean that Mr. Sivanayagam also should be victimised.
"On a personal note, Mr. Sivanayagam is not in a state of good health. His wife and children depend on him. His continued detention would cause irremediable harm to him and his family. In the circumstances, I shall be grateful if your Excellency will communicate with the appropriate authorities to secure the early release of Mr. Sivanayagam from his detention'.
ing agent who will , all these products s gems at Sri Lanka has a orphanage for hants are treated e beings by the Hindus. They are gifts by the Sri ate to children in
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an almost divine it is under threat
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Displaced Students - Parents Protest
Parents of over 200 students displaced from the University of Jaffna have protested against the requirement of the Jaffna university authorities that students should present themselves personally for registration whereas all other Universities call for postal registration.
Speaking on behalf of these displaced students, the University Parents Association have expressed concern at the requirement of the Jaffna University as it would mean that the students would have to travel all the way to Jaffna through the battle zones in the north. 'We are concerned about our children's lives much more than their varsity education'.
Some parents express the view that the Jaffna University authorities might be acting under pressure from the LTTE which is attempting to use this method to get these students back to Jaffna. The Association has requested the University Grants Commission to permit the registration of their children by post.
A UGC spokesman is reported to have said that the Commission would urge the Jaffna university authorities to agree to postal registration by these students.

Page 8
8 TAMIL TIMES
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(2) Scintillating cassette of Maharajapuram Santhaanam's London Recital of Tamil Devotional songs available for sale. Price £5.50 including postage and packing.
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(4) News just received of forthcoming First
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Page 9
15 AUGUST 1991
O THREE OFFICERS and twentyone soldiers of the Sri Lankan army were killed in an attack by the LTTE on Wadamunai Road, Welikanda in eastern Sri Lanka on August 3. The three officers have been identified as Captain Shantha Edirisinghe, Lt. Ajit Chandrasiri and Lt. Weerasiri Silva. The army unit headed by Capt. Edirisinghe was on its way to their Wadamunai camp in a tractor when the Tigers ambushed them halfamile from Welikanda town and all the men in the unit were killed.
O HOUSEOWNERS and householders who have rented out houses, apartments, annexes or rooms or kept boarders or temporary lodgers with effect from 1 January 1991 should inform the officer in charge of the nearest police station whenever tenants or boarders are taken in or when they leave, according to a Defence Ministry notification. The notification added, "the Ministry of Defence is aware that large numbers of persons from different parts of the country have sought refuge in Colombo and its suburbs owing to the prevailing conditions in certain areas of the Northern and Eastern Provinces. Subversives have taken this opportunity to infiltrate into the city along with these refugees and have rented out houses, apartments and rooms or are boarded with relatives and friends.
As the presence of subversives is a source of danger to the general public, it is necessary for the authorities to investigate the presence of strangers in the City of Colombo and its suburbs'.
The notification adds that "printed forms for this purpose are available at every police station. If such a declaration is not made and the authorities subsequently trace a subversive or a sympathiser to such an apartment, house, annexe or room, the owner of such premises or the chief occupant will be held responsible and will be liable to incur penalties including confiscation of such property'.
O THE SRI LANKAN government is said to be reconsidering its previous decision to repatriate about 90,000 plantation workers holding Indian passports. According to Minister S. Thondaman the government was considering a new plan to screen plantation workers holding Indian passports and to give them the option whether to leave Sri Lanka or stay on a merit basis. He said that most of these workers were not willing to leave as it was their parents who had made the applications to leave in terms of the Sirima-Shastri Pact of 1964. There was a 25 year delay in the repatriation, and nost of the people were now objecting as they were only small children then and were not a party to the decision to leave Sri Lanka. Many of them claim that their links are entirely with Sri Lanka and did not want to leave for India.
O THE WICE-PRESIDENT of the Tamil militant group, PLOTE, Karavai Kandasamy has appealed to the International Red Cross (ICRC) to intervene immediately and secure the release of over 5000 persons who he alleges are being held in detention by the LTTE. The detained persons include Tamils, Muslims, Sinhalese, members of other Tamil parties and their family memhers, and captured policemen and service personnel. Accusing the LTTE of subjecting the detainees to torture and deprivation of basic amenities, Mr. Kandasamy has asked
NEW
BR
the ICRC to ensure th humanely and provid amenities.
O NON-LTTE TAMIL making efforts to get camps in Tamil Nadur them back to Sri Lanka ities are keeping them ity in separate camps EPRLF members in . Trichchi, TELO in Putl in Vellore. According to tha, talks have already the release of their me TELO leader Selvam w was taken in from his r sevel months ago anc koddai camp. Previou release and to bring the were brought to a halt f sal of the Karunanic Tamil Nadu.
O LEGAL PROCEE ordered by the Attor initiated against a ser officer, an Officer in station, on a charge "beauty queen' lover. T remains of a woman ha that of the Avurudhu beauty queen) who was with the police officer corded a statement fro) police constable who h was a witness to the kill day of the crime had constable of his plans to she was a member of the Peramuna (JVP). On t OIC had invited his lov hosted by one ofhis frie the OIC in his vehicle were his lover and the Halfway through the jo suggested to his lovert through the main road, through a garden. The the vehicle followed by t in his hands. They w later shots rang out, th fell to the ground. The two tyres, poured gasoli body was lowered onto
O THE SRI LANKAN g strong pressure by the in Colombo to devalue the devaluation of the recent seminar held it valuation and Liberali impact on Sri Lanka', cluding a former Gove Bank, Mr. N.U. Jaya urged the devaluation rupee to a minimum Rs. Rs.58 per US dollar fro! which they claimed valued". O DUE TO THE battl between government f. and because of the imp nite curfew by the go' other essential supplies cularly to the Jaffna p
 

TAMIL TIMES 9
at they are treated ed with necessary
militant groups are heir cadres held in 2leased and transfer . The Indian authorlitants under secur. The PLOTE and Puzhal, ENDLF in mukoddai and LTTE TELO's N. Srikan
begun in regard to mbers including the no along with others esidence in Trichchi kept in the Puthus efforts for their m back to Sri Lanka ollowing the dismislhi government in
DINGS have been ney General "o be nior gazetted police Charge of a police of murdering his he charred skeletal ls been identified as Kumari (New Year romantically linked . The CID has rem a former reserve as claimed that he ing. The OIC on the briefed the reserve kill a girl claiming 2 Janatha Vimukthi he fateful day, the er to attend a party nds. Accompanying that fateful night reserve constable. urney the OIC had nat instead of going they could make it girl alighted from he OIC with his gun alked and minutes 2 girl screamed and OIC had set ablaze he over her, and her he fire.
overnment is under . .
business community the rupee following Indian rupee. At a Colombo on "Desation in India. Its many speakers innor of the Central wardene, strongly of the Sri Lankan
50 or to a maximum
n the current Rs.40
was grossly over
at Elephant Pass rces and the LTTE osition of an indefi'ernment, food and to the north, partininsula have been
severely disrupted. Transport of food and other items hitherto undertaken by sea had come to a standstill. A number of ships destined for the peninsula have been redirected to Trincomalee harbour. All road traffic beyond Vavuniya town also has come to a grinding halt. Several lorries carrying goods, mainly food items, have been held up at Anuradhapura and Vavuniya.
O VALAI PADI RAMAMURTHY, Indian State Minister for Employment and leader of Congress(I) in Tamil Nadu, said in a recent interview with All India Radio that it was time that all Sri Lankans in India were deported since it would be difficult to identify militants from genuine refugees. There were over 200,000 Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in India and all of them should be deported and settled in Sri Lanka under UNHCR supervision. Alleging that the LTTE had close connections with ‘separatist' movements in Punjab and Assam, he added that there had been threats to his life and that of others. "If this situation is allowed to continue it will reach a point where Tiger activities cannot be controlled. Therefore the best thing to do is to deport all Lankans'. India had been pushed into taking this action because of LTTE activities and it should be held solely responsible for pushing the people into this plight, Ramamurthy added. O OVER 1800 Sri Lankan Tamils who had failed to register with the police despite three extended deadlines have been rounded up and lodged in special camps in various parts of Tamil Nadu. Following the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, the Tamil Nadu government issued a directive asking all Sri Lankan Tamils living there to register with the police. Out of a possible refugee population of 225,000, only 26,000 had registered by July 19. The police throughout Tamil Nadu began raiding Sri Lankan Tamil homes and other places where they were living and detained those who did not have valid documents or who were carrying on trade without the required permit. The police said that the detained Tamils had not been arrested as such, but their movements have been restricted by placing them in special camps.
O TWO COMMANDOS of the Special Task Force, including the Commanding Officer of the Arugam Bay commando detachment, Ashok Kumar, were killed and nine more were injured in a landmine explosion triggered by LTTE cadres on 28 July in the Thirukoil area in the Amparai district in eastern Sri Lanka. The blast ripped apart
the South African made Buffel armoured
personnel carrier. On the previous day, seven soldiers were killed and three more injured critically when three claymore mines were activated by LTTE cadres between Vantharaimoolai and Chenkaladi.
OTHE CAPTAIN of an Indian-flagged cargo
ship landed 46 Asian asylum seekers on the Turkish coast after telling them that they
were on the Greek island of Rhodes. 8 Indians, 7 Bangladeshis and 31 Sri Lankans had come ashore near the Mediterranean resort of Marmaris. Three others were missing. The Asians told the local police that the crew of the Indian ship had given them nothing but hunks of bread to eat for 26 days and had stolen all their valuables before dumping them on the Turkish coast.

Page 10
10 TAM TIMES
The Balkan Nightma - A Question of Self-Deter
by Richards Karunairajan
A NIGHTMARE situation is fast spiralling in Europe south of the River Danube. The 1918 borders that were re-established in the Balkans after the Second World War have come under threat with Yugoslavia facing an almost certain disintegration.
During the presidency of Josip Broz Tito from 1952 to 1980, the various constituent republics of Yugoslavia - Slovenia, Croatia, BosniaHercegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Kosov and Vojvodina - enjoyed a large degree of autonomy. President Tito was able to achieve a considerable extent of harmony among the various communities particularly between the Croats who demanded regional autonomy and the Serbs who were determined to create a panSerbian state in which they would be the dominant people.
In recent years, with the Yugoslav economy taking a downward trend, the weaker structures of the country became exposed and old nationalist hatreds began to surface. Furthermore, there are many language groups in Yugoslavia. The main tongues are Serbian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Macedonian and they are all somewhat similar to each other. The other Yugoslavian tongues are Slovenian, Bulgarian, Several nonSlavic languages like Albanian, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian and Turkish. The various religious groups of the country are Catholics largely Croats, Islam and Orthodox Christian.
Unfortunately, the present crisis has been precipitated by nationalists by stirring up racial and religious hatred and by emphasising cultural differences between the various communities. But at the heart of the problem was economic mismanagement.
The history of these Balkan states goes back to around 500-700 AD when the various slavic tribes such as the Slovenes, Croats and Serbs migrated to what is now Yugoslavia, displacing the Roman and other ethnic settlers of that period. Until the 12th century, a strong Croatian kingdom flourished before it became absorbed within Hungary. Bosnia which existed as an independent state for 74 years until 1254 soon became part of Hungary as well.
In 1168, Serbia became established as a powerful state and extended to what are today Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania and the northern half of Greece. The Ottoman Turkish invasion off the 14th century had a
major impact on Turks held their sv years. In the years and 1526, the Tu occupy Bosnia, H tenegro and much c exception of Zagreb In 1809 Napoleal tia, Slovenia and a During the latter 19 Russia helped Serbia Bulgaria to fight a and support a numl the other states.
Early in the 20th ist feelings were ir when Austria-Hu annexed Bosnia-He the Balkan Wars a 1912 and Bulgaria gained Macedonia a
The recent events, laration of independ on the 25th of June, to a rapid and chaot ing that is dragging racial quagmire. Th particularly the coun pean Community ha" concerned. Virtually European leaders are political and economi sure a peaceful soluti
British Euro Memb Tom Spencer, addr meeting in London s moment Slovenia wa Yugoslavian federalf has ceased to functto Slovenia will now pro eCe.
He added: "The p where too. The conti tween the Serbs and le ad to partiti o Hercegovina and the ity in Kosovo is on tl sion”.
The Croats are de serve their racial, cu rial integrity and th dent, Franjo Tudjma any attempt to annex fought by every citi independence cannot we will call up our en resist the aggression with their bare hand ... Yugoslavia is certa and majorities of pe and Croatia want to independent nation involved here is a cle right of nations to se

15 AUGUST 1991
e
ination
he Balkans. The ay for nearly 500 1463, 1482, 1499 ks were able to rcegovina, MonCroatia with the respectively.
annexed Dalmapart of Croatia. h century Tsarist , Montenegro and gainst the Turks er ofuprisings in
:entury, nationalflamed in Serbia ngary formally cegovina and in gainst Turkey in in 1913, Serbia ld other areas. following the decence by Slovenia have contributed Lc political spirallYugoslavia into a e rest of Europe tries of the Eurove become utterly all the western calling for moral, Lc weapons to enon to the problem.
er of Parliament, essing a recent aid that from the s bombed by the orces, Yugoslavia as a country and ceed to independ
roblems lie elsenued fighting bethe Croats will n of BosniaAlbanian majore verge of explo
termined to pretural and territorepublics presihas warned that Croatia would be en. 'If Croatian be ensured then ire population to and occupation ', he said. inly breaking up bple in Slovenia secede and form states. What is r principle of the f-determination.
This right is paramount - a right that has been grossly violated in many parts of the world.
Sri Lanka is a tragic example of the kind of repression that militates against this right in the treatment of the Tamils, who as a community have paid a massive price to date and the country's government in Colombo continues to be insensitive to this right.
It uses stark military force to confront the just demands of the Tamils who have now for nearly 40 years suffered oppression from the majority Sinhala-Buddhist course. It is not that there are no solutions to the Tamil problem. The Sri Lankan government is not willing to solve the problem because the country is being held to ransom by the powerful Buddhist clergy.
As events unfold in the Balkans, these may very well set a nev precedent throughout the world and the UN itself will have to re-examine the question of self-determination of national communities with their own distinct ethnic and cultural heritage. This would be irrespective of the fact they are constituent members of larger states even if they are progressive and tolerant towards minority communities. In this, there is no doubting the fact that national communities like the Tamils of Sri Lanka will now be considered as being the vanguard of the struggle for national selfdetermination.
The Balkan bells for selfdetermination have just begun to ring and this is going to be heard far and wide. A country that may very well have to contend with this problem in the very near future could be India itself. However, it is for the Colombo government now to read the message from Zagreb loud and clear and act with a vision and wisdom worthy of the lofty tenets of Buddhism and not that of the political monks who make mockery of this great faith.
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Page 11
15 AUGUST 1991
Whither Sri La
Sujin Segar
When Gautama Buddha, the Kshatriya prince from Nepal, cast away the politics of the state, the splendours of the court, and joys and intimacies of family life and searched for the truth, he was expressing in no uncertain terms that his princely powers and authority would not help to free humankind from its suffering. He became enlightened and today, all humankind is blessed.
While there can be no doubt of the tremendous impact Buddhism has made worldwide and its rich influence on philosophies of all kinds and other faiths, in Sri Lanka however a land enriched with Buddhist traditions from the time of King Devanampiya Tissa, it has become the tragic captive of politicians, Buddhist scholars of questionable credentials and certain types of priests who are seeking their own "nirvana' in the arena of strident "Sinhala' politics.
There are, it appears from writings in the Colombo press, no Buddhists in Sri Lanka but only 'Sinhala Buddhists', the only heirs to a great civilisation. In fact this claim was based on the question DIVAYINA journalist Harith Gunawardena recently asked the UNP politician and the president of the Mahabodhi Society, Mr. Gamini Jayasuriya and was reported in the edition of 5 May 1991. Mr. Jayasuriya's answer stressed the 'great customs and sentiments the Sinhala Buddhist people espoused'.
The interview further emphasised the extremism of Sinhala Buddhist fervour which after contributing to the present sad state of affairs in Sri Lanka appears now to be involved in a "witch-hunt amidst the Sinhalese people themselves. Reacting to the interviewer's questions, the former minister went along with the view that there are elements among the Sinhalese who are conspiring against the interests and welfare of the 'Sinhala Buddhists'. A "witch-hunt' is now on, and arraigned for immediate attack are the progressives, mischievously labelled as the 'western-educated, intelligentsia, missionary organisations and Marxist impersonators'.
In this interview, Mr. Jayasuriya lamented that after independence some people who had the opportunity of travelling abroad, came back to propagate worldly comforts among their people and these he said brought about a situation in which their "mental content were eroded'.
But what is even more terrifying is the kind of racist material that is being freely published. It takes even the
naive and the that the faith B not be in agr happening in S great beauty, e potential not ( velopment but a society of peop and cultural
together and sl tions and rich h
DIVAYINA, May 1991 issu articles by Sisi his reactions tc religious conve referred to as against anti-n funded organisa too long been us selfish social sci politicians and i ism have real Paranathanthri they are best views to themse
The Tamils c to the developn and through th and commitmer able measure o envied them, w. tive of their con through legislat released a seri against them, tl attacked them v their very hom adrift as people own country anc refugees in othe
Today, the sa being preached a given their best the Sinhalese th all these end an sensibility in th Buddhist faith, Lanka?
Even Sinhala great respect har branded as age against the best la Buddhists'. Ratnapala (DIV. referred to the Sri Luanka in tl ence”.
He really had and dirt for the agination! Thes to him, have Lankan scene could be divided first group he cla attack on the m ism, and on

TAM TIMES 11
unka
unlettered to recognise uddhism preaches caneement with what is Sri Lanka — a land of indowed with so much inly for economic delso to create a national le from diverse faiths backgrounds to live nare their great tradieritage. in its 21 April and 5 es, featured explosive ra Paranathanthri on the "alleged wave of rsions'. He was also having led the attack ational and foreignations'. Buddhism has ed as a camouflage by entists, journalists and f the tenets of Buddhmeanings for Sisira and others of his kind, advised to keep their lves. ontributed immensely ment of their country eir efforts, hard work ht, achieved considerf success. Those who thout being appreciatribution, booted them ion at first and then es of sheer violence heir homes and finally with military might in 2lands and cast them without rights in their thousands of them as r countries. me kind of hatred is gainst those who have to the country among emselves. Where will when will sense and rich traditions of the be achieved in Sri
historians held with ve come under fire and ints who have acted nterests of the 'SinhaProfessor Nandasena AYINA 12 May 1991), maggots that feed on le guise of social sci
to search in the filth
"maggots' of his im
“maggots”, according ppeared on the Sri rom the 1960s and into two groups. The imed has launched an ain religion — Buddhhe main race, the
Sinhalese. The second, he contended, distorted some of the problems facing the country and earned money through such efforts.
And he pointed out that both groups functioned in ENGLISH. He also went further to say that those who came to the country to learn Buddhism did not even know Pali. If some conclusions could be arrived at from this observation, it is a matter of time before Pali is made the official language of Sri Lanka. After all, too many Sinhala words have Tamil roots
Professor Ratnapala’s most worrying concern is about Buddhism being represented as having achieved its peak in Sinhala chauvinism. This was, he said, because of the misrepresentations of history committed by the country’s historians and went on to relate the story about the hundreds of Tamils killed in battle by King Dutugemunu. It seems, the king was overcome by pangs of remorse on his death-bed but was overjoyed when the Buddhist saints assured him that only two of the Tamils he killed were on the correct path to enlightenment and the killing of others was not a sin.
He was also saddened by the silence of the intelligentsia who as he said, ‘had a correct understanding of religion'. But he does admit quite unwarily, while offering a sop to his conscience no doubt, that the words "Tamil' and "Dravidian' have "taken on a tinge not because of racism but because they are linked to the concept of foreign invaders'.
Perhaps the professor should admit that this wrong concept has not been dispelled from the minds of the Sinhalese but exploited to the extreme to the detriment of not only the Tamils but to the entire country as well. Even more, Professor Ratnapala has conceded that the Tamils are a distinct nation by themselves. Is it therefore necessary to emphasise that the Tamils have their own right to self. determination and even more, to their own homelands that are traditional to them
Sri Lanka's problems emanate from the failure to honour these and the fact that religion was used to undermine the goodwill, good naturedness and the tolerance of the Sinhala people. Now, the same sordid manipulation is being resorted to against their own people who see the Sri Lankan situation in its right perspective.
The terrible fighting in which the country is embroiled today is the result of the activities of extremists, all in the name of Buddhism. A recent article in INDIA TODAY titled 'Cyanide Warriors' made the following observation:
At quite another level, the cult of the Tigers would never have come into Continued on page 12

Page 12
12 TAMEL TIMES
Continued from page 11
being but for the insensitivity and atrocities of an utterly racist Colombo Government. For more than a decade now, Sri Lankan forces have behaved like a mob. Their harassment of the population peaked this year with the Government's imposition of an economic blockade of the peninsula. Petroleum products, batteries, candles, electricity, medicines - even sanitary napkins - are not allowed in the region in the hope of breaking the Tamils'
will. 'Supplies get in only through a network of bicycle-borne Smugglers from the Sinhala mainland and boatmen from the Indian coast. Last week petrol was selling at Rs.800 per litre in Jaffna. To humiliate the Tamils, the Sri Lankan Air Force has routinely rained barrels full of human excreta from Chinese made 7-12 transport aircraft over Jaffna. No wonder there is no dearth of new recruits to the ranks of
the LTTE perceived saviour of the Tamil
The author of th Lanka — British Pe Somaratna publishe ty of Colombo, has fire. In an article DIVAYINA (26 M been chastised as on was to blacken the heroes and thereby portance of their cor been branded as ( people who are living nurtured by Brit thought” and as ‘seco who sell such shock earn pots of money a
Another writer, asekera, (DIVAYIN said that the ambitio not merely the creat state on the island that this campaign
Democracy & Tamil Lib
S. Sivasegaram
I believe that the concept of democracy cannot be anything but central to a mass liberation struggle and think that the vast majority of the Tamil people share this belief. There are, of course, those who disagree with this belief and exercise their democratic right to express their disagreement. Some sincerely believe that an armed liberation struggle, by its very nature, is anti-democratic and cannot therefore accommodate the exercise of democratic rights, and there are others who would go even further and insist that liberation struggles necessarily cannot respect human rights. The rejection of democracy and human rights in the context of a liberation struggle appears to be due to the failure to recognise the existence of a moral justification for any liberation struggle and the failure to realise that any struggle which negates its source of morality heads for self-destruction.
It is not possible to discuss democracy, human rights and morality on the basis of definitions alone. Man's world is mutable and knows no eternal rules. But nothing has stopped mankind in its search for universal principles to guide its development, and the fact that science cannot claim possession of any absolute truth has not hindered man's search for scientific truths. Definitions of concepts, in the sciences and elsewhere, aim both to explain and to restrict meaning and application. People understand and interpret the meanings of words more on the basis of social practice than on the basis of definitions. Their knowledge of democracy, human rights and morality de
velops from social practice and does not
depend on the existe not because definiti tant but because soci important. Definitior crystallise human velop a better und human environmen greater emphasis on restriction of meanin A recent argumen for the democratisat tion struggle relied there is no universal tion of democracy. universal codes form has not prevented sc ing to preserve and and justice, and the puted definitions fc spirit has not made gion. While it is tr such as democracy, man rights, need to given social contexts. underlying principle: to relate practice in c in another. What se cratic to a society ownership of the me is not necesarily just another based on col and the demand forg means different thi societies. People, ne pathise with strug democracy anywher ences in their undel terpretation of dem rarely does one hear an excess of demo majority of the peop want democracy, fre and that is why s

15 AUGUST 1991
to be the only
e History of Sri riod, Prof. G.P.V. l by the Universiome under heavy that appeared in ly 1991), he has e whose intention names of national minimise the imtribution. He has ine among those in a 'dream world ish imperialist nd-class parasites, ing untruths and is a result.
Gunadasa AmarA 2 June 1991) ns of the Tigers is cion of a separate of Sri Lanka but is only the "first
step towards setting up a greater Tamil Kingdom which will be centred on Tamilnadu in South India'.
He went on to say that "the principal factor that has led to the birth of the Tigers is the racialism which has grown in Tamilnadu over the past few decades' and "that the Tiger movement in the north is the strongest manifestation of this trend at the moment'. He is of the view that the Tiger movement has not been created because of the discriminatory practices of the Sinhalese people, which is what those people who are engaged in studying the ethnic conflict would have us believe'.
If these are the type of observations and views that are finding expressions in the Colombo press and if this is what the Sri Lankans are expected to accept - all in the name of Buddhism - what hopes do we have for a just solution to the terrible problems in Sri Lanka?
eration
ence of definitions, ons are unimporall practice is more ns intended to help thinking and deerstanding of the t inevitably place explanation than g and application. t against the need ion of the liberaon the fact that ly accepted definiThe absence of orality and justice ocieties from seekdefend morality absence of undisor god, soul and people reject reliue that concepts freedom and hube understood in , there are certain s which enable us one society to that 2ms just or demobased on private ans of production , or democratic to lective ownership greater democracy ings in different evertheless, symgles for greater e, despite differstanding and inOcracy, and very complaints about cracy. The vast ile in any society edom and justice truggles against
tyranny, oppression and injustice enjoy popular support.
A liberation struggle ceases to be a liberation struggle when it violates the democratic and human rights of not only the people it seeks to liberate but also others. History has time and again shown that the freedom of a people won at the expense of the just rights of another is not durable and leads to further injustice, oppression and destruction. It is only the shortsighted who seek to separate a just liberation struggle from the causes of democracy and justice by arguing that the liberation struggle takes precedence over everything else. It does not somehow seem right that a course of action seeking to establish democracy, freedom and justice can be allowed to trample underfoot the very things that it claims to fight for.
Some assume that democracy, justice and human rights will automatically be established after liberation and therefore think that undemocratic methods and unjust means of struggle are acceptable. Their view is not supported by history, and no liberation movement which denied democracy to the people during the struggle for liberation ever granted it to them after coming to power. Means, whether they justify the ends or not, certainly determine the ends, and the kind of democracy that a liberation movement will establish after liberation follows from the way in which it carries out its struggle. There is no reason to believe that a movement which lacks faith in the capability and the wisdom of the people for whom it claims to struggle will accept the judgment of the people in matters relating to the affairs of the state.
Some have unassailable faith in the infallibility of one or another liberation movement and its leadership. They

Page 13
15 AUGUST 1991
also seem to believe that the movement and the leadership instinctively know what the views and the needs of the people are and consultation with the people is therefore unnecessary. Their attitude will only discourage movements from seeking to become truly representative of the people.
There are many who restrict the meanings of the word democracy to elected government and therefore fail to see how a liberation struggle can be democratised. Democracy is more than elected government, and the electoral process, although an important aspect of democracy, does not in itself guarantee democracy. True democracy is possible only in an egalitarian society and cannot be achieved by substituting democratic rituals for the democratic spirit. Liberation struggles are associated with a high level of mass political awareness, and armed struggle is merely an extension of politics to the battlefield. To emphasise armed struggle at the expense of politics is to reject popular participation and the democratisation of the struggle.
The case for democratisation of the liberation struggle is based on the lesson of history that it is the people and not weapons that, in the final analysis, determine the outcome of the struggle. A liberation movement which relies entirely on military muscle, whether its own or that of an ally, ignores the importance of the masses, and, becomes increasingly isolated from the masses. Even when it recognizes the need for mass support, its reluctance to use the democratic process to solicit such support compels it to rely on pressure rather than persuasion so that it becomes fearful of not only the democratic process but also the masses.
The liberation struggle of the Tamil people was waged against national oppression and the denial of their just and democratic rights. It is paradoxical that a struggle aimed at restoring the rights of a nationality to self determination has degenerated into one that denies that right to other national and ethnic groups and that the struggle which also sought to defend democratic and human rights finds itself violating these very rights. I do not believe that the failure of democratic politics in the Tamil liberation struggle can be associated with the rise of any particular movement or with the development of the armed struggle. The roots of this malaise run deeper, and there is a need for some soul searching and a serious review of the social attitudes and norms in Tamil society.
The liberation struggle of the Tamil people is at a critical juncture and, as often, the conflict of interests of the rival movements appears to have taken precedence over the interests of the people. Some movements have
chosen to collaborati sor to settle scores
The LTTE claims tha tion of its position t traitors and that it
sentative of the peop been singled out for
who accuse it of bei
nisation. If the exces the LTTE are the assessment, the ma LTTE do not have a mendable record on n democracy and hul rivals of the LTTE justify and explain tc their collaboration w UNP regime; equally an explanation for i period preceding Jun
All the leading ments need to defen whole series of actio the name of the lib The people have the know but also to dete of the liberation st have been allowed a The attitude of the ments towards th Sinhalese in the No) has been far from a flects neither the tru Tamil people nor th terests. The exercise such matters of im liberation struggle vented many serious the sympathy of not but also a consideral Sinhalese in the Nor outside.
Many recognize th struggle has been v lack of unity and coo the movements, wh: outside interests to us other. If the Tamil li cannot learn from other liberation strug ever more bitter li accepts the importa the forces which ne against the oppresson ful way to resolve th tween the rival move people be the judges and what is not. Free sion of the issues by will make all but a l their mistakes and 1 those who refuse to will be isolated anc troyed.
Past attempts at tween rival movemen the masses and were the spirit of equality Personal and group in the lives of too many for freedom. Much of because the people dark about the cours

TAMIL TIMES 13
with the oppreswith their rivals. t this is a vindicahat its rivals are is the sole reprete. The LTTE has criticism by some ng a fascist orgases committed by criteria for this in rivals of the particularly comlatters relating to man rights. The nave the duty to the Tamil people th the dictatorial 7 the LTTE owes is conduct in the e 1990.
liberation moved to the people a ns carried out in eration struggle. right not only to ermine the course uggle. But they lccess to neither. liberation movee Muslims and rth and the East cceptable and rele feelings of the eir long-term in
of democracy in portance to the could have pre; errors and won only the Muslims ble section of the th and East and
at the liberation weakened by the peration between ich have allowed se one against the beration struggle the mistakes of ggles it will learn essons before it hce of uniting all eed to be united . The only peacehe differences bements is to let the
of what is right and open discusthe broad masses handful recognise rectify them, and accept the public l politically des
cooperation beits never involved not carried out in 7 and good faith. nterests have cost dedicated fighters this was possible were kept in the se of the struggle
and the purpose of the negotiations between rival movements and between the movements and outside interests. The liberation movements need to educate themselves in the process of democracy and mass struggle and recognise that self-criticism is as important as criticism for the development of a liberation struggle.
Democratisation of the struggle is a necessary instrument in uniting all the forces which can be united against the enemy and ensuring that the broad masses will be the ultimate winners. Most liberation movements accept the democratic principle, at least in theory, and it does not take much effort to extend it to practice. Failure to do so will only help prolong and deepen the divisions and help no one but the oppressor.
Military Accused of Smuggling
The Military police from Colombo recently took into custody seven military police personnel including a Captain and two Lieutenants in Anuradhapura who are alleged to have helped a businessman to smuggle banned items such as petrol, diesel, batteries etc. to
the north of the island. The Anuradha
pura businessman who is also the president of the Anuradhapura Private Bus Owners Association was also taken into custody. Cheques issued by this businessman have been found in the possession of a Brigadier W.M.P. Bandara of the Anuradhapura Military police unit. Mr. Bandara's case is now being investigated by the Bribery Commissioner's Department. Seven soldiers and one civilian who were produced before the Colombo Magistrate were remanded on charges of accepting bribes to permit transport of banned goods.
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Page 14
14 TAMIL TIMES
Sri Lanka: The Ethnic Co
Dr. P. Saravanamuttu"
The outbreak of fighting in June 1990 in the north-east of Sri-Lanka, between the government security forces and the principal Tamil guerrilla group, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE or Tigers), highlights the intractability of the island's nation - and - state - building trauma. There have been threats of secession and revolution, as well as external intervention by the predominant regional power, India. The separatist war waged since 1983 by the minority Tamils against the majority Sinhalesedominated government has been preceded and accompanied by internal upheavals within both communities and two armed insurgencies by the Sinhalese nationalist Janatha Vimukti Peramuna (JVP) to capture power (1971, 1987-9). In addition, there has been an Indo-Sri Lankan Accord and the installation of an Indian Peacekeeping force (IPKF) to contain extremism and to define the middle ground between the unacceptable and the unattainable. However, no national consensus within Sri Lanka has been achieved. The article will investigate the background to Sri Lankan insecurity and the prospects for national reconciliation.
Ethnic tension: The Parliamentary Phase
Tensions between the Sinhalese and Tamils regarding their respective positions in an independent Sri Lanka can be traced to 1931, when the island was granted universal adult suffrage. The enduring Tamil fear since has been that their positions of relative advantage in the bureaucracy (gained through educational attainments and colonial policy), would be irretrievably jeopardized by majority Sinhalese rule. The Sinhalese, in turn, have been eager to redress this imbalance to reflect their majority status and claim of cultural and religious exclusivenes to Sri Lanka, in contrast with Tamil links to south India.
In the prelude to Sri Lankan independence in 1948, Tamil anxieties were expressed in their demands for parliamentary constituencies to be drawn up on a communal basis. Even though this was not granted, population distribution ensured that the "first past the post' Westminster-style electoral system would lead to political polarization along ethnic lines, with the majority Sinhalese parties predominating in the south and their minority Tamil counterparts in the north. Tamil fears of marginalization at the centre were sustained by the
certainty of Sinhale in government.
Tamil leaders, nev ted themselves to t process after ind strategy exchanged cipation in governm safeguarding minor attested to the stre communal elite co liamentary democra tutionalist ethos of pendence movemel accommodation, alt. to in principle, was in practice by gover spite setbacks, how sus survived until it in the 1970s.
The acceptance o modation and parlial cy as the framewo societal tensions wa intra-elite competiti ethnic populism for tage. Explicit identifi populism has come t crucial to electoral su mizing the older and identity as the ult: political power, and ability of the elite c them into a durable Herein lies the signif election, which was by the centre-left coa populist forces heac Bandaranaike, fou Lanka Freedom Part the Tamil north by t (FP) favouring th arrangement betwee munities implicit in i Once in governme daranaike fulfilled h: to make Sinhala the striking at the hear regarding education More damaging, his i the Sinhalese Buddh had propelled him to to further positions i harmony. Consequen 1957 to ameliorate t. language policy on 1 special provisions for language and the de' to regional councils i leader Chelvanaya structed by the inna the Sinhalese const political opportunism National Party (UNP lent Sinhalese-Tamil * Dr. P. Saravanamut lnternational Relations, tics, University of South

15 AUGUST 1991
)nflict
se preponderance
ertheless, commithe parliamentary spendence. This support and partient for measures ty interests, and ngth of the internsensus on parcy and the constithe island's indeht. But political hough subscribed not fully reflected nment policy. Deaver, this consenwas finally eroded
f political accommentary democrark for managing s undermined by on with exploited
partisan advancation with ethnic o be regarded as uccess, thus legitidivisive bases of imate sources of
exposing the in:onsensus to fuse national identity. icance of the 1956 won in the south lition of Sinhalese led by S.W.R.D. nder of the Sri y (SLFP), and in he Federal Party e constitutional in the two comts title.
nt, in 1956 Ban
is election pledge
official language
t of Tamil fears
and employment.
nability to control
ist coalition that power forced him
nimical to ethnic
tly, his efforts in
he impact of this
he Tamils, with
the use of their
volution of power
in a pact with FP
gam, were ob
te chauvinism of tuency and the
of the United
) opposition. Vio
riots ensued in
'u is a Lecturer in Department of Poliimpton.
1956 and 1958, the first of their kind in independent Sri Lanka, and were only exceeded in their intensity by the carnage of 1983.
Throughout the next decade the ensuing deterioration in ethnic relations was tempered by the enduring vitality of the parliamentary consensus. The Tamil leadership continued the practice of parliamentary acommodation, even though the first government of Bandaranaike’s widow, Mrs. Siramavo Bandaranaike (1960-64), vigorously implemented the official language policy and reneged on promises to reintroduce the devolution proposals envisaged in the Bandaranaike — Chelvanayagam Pact. With assurances of this score contained in a pact with the UNP, the FP joined the UNPdominated national government in 1965. While legislation for the use of Tamil was passed, that relating to the devolution of power was not and the FP withdrew from the government in mid-1969.
Therefore, seen from the perspective of nation and state-building, the 1956 election was a milestone in Sri Lankan politics. In the south, the triumph of ethnic identity amounted to the capture of the state by the majority community for the purpose of political consolidation and control of economic power through nationalization; in the north, it represented the beginnings of a serious challenge to the unitary status of that state.
Secession and insurgency: the pattern of political violence
The patterns of political activity initiated in the 1970s signalled the collapse of the parliamentary consensus and institutionalized the recourse to violence in the resolution of political conflict.
Disenchantment with elite leadership among both Sinhalese and Tamil youth coalesced into the conviction that their grievances could only be met through armed insurgency against the political centre. In the south, the basis for grievance has been the call for greater access to socioeconomic and political benefits. Originally exemplified by the ultraleftist 1971 JVP insurgency of mainly educated rural youth, it re-emerged in the extreme nationalist JVP reincarnation of 1987 following the external intervention by India. In the north, youth dissent has been founded on frustration with the failure of political accommodation to prevent discrimination most notably the United Front (UF) government's alterations in university admission criteria. By the mid 1970s, the accruing bitterness had spawned a plethora of guerrilla groups, the most famous of which is still the LTTE.

Page 15
15 AUGUST 1991
Established political parties, in turn, have deepened this alienation by seeking tɩ b externd and Cori:Solidate their monopoly of state power at the expense of the parliammentary fra The work, thus reinforcing the trend towards violent. opposition. Both the left-wing UF government of Mrs. Bardaranaiko (19). 77) and its right-wing successor, the LIJNP regime of J.R. Jayawardene (1977-89), were guilty of this, Both were swept into power with unprecedented legislative majorities whic'ı they used for partisan advantage, and both changed the constitution - the first (1972) Inaking Sri Lanka a republic in which the primacy of the majority language * and Teligion, Sinhala alırld Buddhism, was assured, and the second (1978), replacing the political systern with a (Gaullist-style executive presidency. Most ominously, the UNP introduced the dubious precedent in December 1982 of a referendum to postpone elections for 11 years, thereby compounding the un representative character of the legislature and scaling it off from radical opinion.
The common stand in the establishment's response to what in the JWP case was a threat to the character of the state and in the case of Tamil Inilitancy a threat to its territorial composition, was its attempt to delegitimize both challenges by defining them als essentially terrorist in nature. In the south, however, given an armed insurgency from within its own ethnic constituency, the government's sense of danger was more acute and consequently its response more political. Sinhalese-dorminated gover Trents, regardless of ideological orientation, defended the political establish Tinent with brutal determination while simultaneously moving to placate the radical elements within their ethnic gTC) Lup). This "carrut-and-stick' approach was adopted towards the JWP by Mrs. Bandaran aike in 1971 and by Jayawardene's UNP successor Presidenti R. Premadasa in 1989. Alternatively, when confronted with Tamil secession the resprinse Was uncornpro Tnising and militaristic; the search for political solutions was necessitated only by military stalemate and impending bankruptcy in the Jayawardene erH,
The response of the Tamil leadership was conditioned by the need to preserve political credibility in the new era of militancy, Interpreting the chauvinistic bias of its proceedings as the effective abandonment of minority rights by the UF government, the FP walked out of the Constituent Assembly in 1971 and closed ranks with ther Tamil parties to form the Tamil United Front TUF a year later. In 1976 they adopted the Waddukoddai resolution calling for a separate slate of Tamil
Eelam to be est armed struggle i transforming the Til Trinited II |TLJLE").
However, when
popular mandate
glection, it return Assembly as the sit opposition, and its lingam, accepted Leader of the Op less, the limited ho and the Jayawarde of an all-party CCII Tamil grievances that o TLT WES II) district developine was rejected as : TULF. In addition indisciplined army dracunian Preven Act, combined with toric from within t that the wicious cyd. ity and in Wective pect of ethnic recol
This was iTew July 1983. Them arrangements of killed in a LTTE the catalyst for th burst of anti-Tanil war. Thousands паle homeless; п fled to Tefugee ca India or abroad. was done ti) prope atricities being cor al, Colombo. Most reported acquiesc Lion of sections oft the terror, and a Tents within the behind its instigat
The governme sponded by effect wictims. In a II IOWE placate Sinhalese c the Sixth Amend tion which effe advocacy of secess al weerse intern: blamed ultra-lefti slaughter as par conspiracy to dest! Lanka. The JWP, had legitimized ar Wije weera had 1 tested him for the was proscribed alk) al left-wing parti impact of these m clude the parliam tion-building with TH I rı il ar1 d ä Tn Sinhalese parties. the government to of itself as the em. the democratic po. against the forces t:ITIT,

TAMIL TIMES 15
ablished through f necessary, thus Iselves into the liberatio II FTunt.
the TULF II won a for the separatist red to the National ngle largest party in leader, A. Amirthathe official title of position. Neverthepe generated by this neregime's promise nference to address soon evaporated; ot convened and a int, council scheme inadequate by the , the excesses of an empowered with a tion of Terrorism inflammatory rhehe cabinet, ensured :le of ambush, atroclestroyed any prosnciliation. cably confirmed in hismanaged funeral Sri Lankan soldiers ambush served as e II lost savage outviolence and all-out were massacred or any of the survivors imps, the north, to Extensive da mage rty, with the worst nmitted in the capitdamning were the ence and participahe security forces in llegations that elleruling party were ion.
3nt b elatedly retively blaming the ! openly designed to hauvinism it passed ent to the Constitu"ctively outlawed iom and, to counter tio Tial publicity, ist groups for the of a determined 'oy democracy in Sri who in Jayawardene ld whose leader R. unsuccessfully conpresidency in 1982, ng with other radices. The cumulative easures Was to COIlentary philse to läthe exclusion of the ti - establish ment
This als en abled cultivate an image battled champion of litical establishment 3 of extremism and
Ethnic War: the external dimension
As full-scale ethnic War ensued, the external dimensions of the conflict were highlighted. Given its domestic Tamil Nadu constituency and the influx of refugees from Sri Lanka, India offered to mediate. However, when the determination of the Sri Lankan gowernment to compromise even its policy of non-alignment in pursuit of a military solution became apparent, Indira Gandhi adopted a subtle two-pronged strategy. While presenting itself as an impartial mediator, India also offered sanctuary to the Tamil guerrillas in order to sustain the military stalemate indefinitely and to impress upon Jayawardene the imperative of a political solution. This also forcefully reminded Sri Lanka of India's overarching strategic priority - denial of the subcontinent to interference by external powers,
Jayawardene's plans to use the West to counter Indian leverage con behalf of the Tamils fell apart because of the West's Teluctance to compromise relations with New Delhi over a conflict which it deemed to be of marginal significance. Nevertheless, numerous countries facilitated indirect assistance to the Sri Lankan government in the purchase of weaponry and counterterrorist expertise. The latter was channelled through an Israeli interests section located in the US embassy in Colombo and through private sources, notably the Channel Islands registered organization Keeni Meeni Services, Equally galling to India was military assistance and training provided by Pakistam.
The elaborate Indo-Sri Lankan chairade of pseudo-deterrence and countermanoeuvre only temporarily obscured the hard strategic realities of the conflict. Neither the Sri Lankan government nor the Tamil guerrillas could achieve a military solution on their own and, given the geopolitical and ethnic dimensions to the conflict, whatever objectives they pursued impinged upon Indian security concerns. Further Timore, in terms of a political solution this also meant that the most New Delhi would contemplate on behalf of the Sri Lankan Tamils was the approxinnation of Eelam through provincial autonomy rather than its attainment through secession. Accordingly, Indian mediation attempts focused on conwincing the belligerents to agree to ä package that would encapsulate the minimum interests of all concer Iled - recognition of legitimate Tamil griewances while Ilaintaining the unitary statuls of Sri Lanka.
Although hostilities persisted, by late 1986 there were signs that the Jayawardene government would
Continued on page 17

Page 16
16 TAMIL TIMES
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15 AUGUST 1991
Continued from page 15
accept provincial autonomy in principle, but not the Tamil claim that the north and eastern provinces (with significant Sinhalese and Muslim minorities), constituted their traditional homeland. Unable to break the impasse, the Sri Lankan government ordered the Army into a fresh offensive in May 1987. By the end of the year it was ready to commence the battle for Jaffna, the northern stronghold of the LTTE. Mindful of the enormous civilian casualties this would incur as well as the domestic political repercussions, underlined by then Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.G. Ramachandran’s donation of US$ 3.2 million in humanitarian assistance to the Tigers, the Rajiv Gandhi government dramatically embarked upon direct involvement; first by sea and, when that was thwarted by the Sri Lankan Navy, a much publicized air-drop on 4 June. This was largely designed to demonstrate Indian power-projection in the region and to remind the Sri Lankan government of New Delhi's determination to obstruct a military solution. By 29 July, Colombo had absorbed this basic lesson in regional geopolitics and, apprehensive too of the severe economic toll of the war, agreed to the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord.
The Indo-Sri Lanka ACCOrd
The crux of the Accord was the substitution of provincial autonomy for Tamil secession. With the exception of extremists on both sides, there was general, if tacit, acceptance of it as a viable formula for ethnic reconciliation. The Sri Lankan government agreed to make Tamil an official language, with English as the link language between Sinhala and Tamil. It also agreed to enact legislation for provincial councils and to confine the army to barracks once the cease-fire had taken effect and the militants had surrendered their arms. Territorial obstacles were surmounted by the merger of the northern and eastern provinces into one administrative unit, subject to approval in a referendum. The timing of the referendum was left to the Sri Lankan President and has now been scheduled for 1991. India undertook to guarantee the Accord and to co-operate in curbing guerrilla activity if the militants rejected it. New Delhi also dispatched a peacekeeping force to the north-east of the island at the request of the Sri Lankan President to assist in the implementation of the Accord. In fulfilment of this undertaking, an 8,000 strong IPKF was deployed immediately and then enlarged beyond 50,000 men once the the agreement unravelled.
At the inter-state level, another controversial aspect of the Accord was the exchange of letters (in an Annex to the
agreement) between in which New Delhi ( veto over Sri Lanka Sri Lanka agreed arrangements for assistance and broad in accordance with concerns, and conce considerations would of the strategic easte malee. The oil ta another source of Inc to be developed as between the two stat
Return to militanc
Despite its substa garding provincial Accord was fatally assumption that Indi on behalf of Tamils w. explicit mandate fro fore, while the LT Indian force majeur surrender of weapons October 1987 it had rilla warfare against ing an Indian offens: bination of arroganc about the nature oft ing them led the IPK stock of goodwill an tion, thus allowing t sent itself as the pro Lankan Tamils. Con struing the political e east Sri Lanka, India vent the LTTE by int in the political proces employed to ensure th 1988 provincial electi the LTTE, resulted ir a's preferred easter Eelam People’s Revol tion Front (EPRLF). foothold in the overw north and reliant up tion and Colombo', EPRLF council had timacy. It proved to inadequate counterfo and, not surprisingly the IPKF.
However, by the t drawal at the end of IPKF had furthered objectives. Although sponsible for some atr a bloodbath in the na held separatism in short-term. While second JVP insurgen indirectly assisted in relieving the Sri Lan onerous burden of a two fronts, thereby Lankan government ! had obtained highly fi sions.
In the south, the change of letters prov violent opposition ag See aSan Wara

the two leaders, obtained a virtual 's foreign policy. to review its foreign military lcasting facilities Indian security ded that similar apply to the use rn port of Trinconk farm there, lian anxiety, was a joint venture BeS
and upheaval
ntive merits re
autonomy, the r flawed in its a could negotiate ithout a clear and m them. ThereE submitted to 2 with a partial at the outset, by reverted to guerthe IPKF followive. A fatal come and ignorance he task confrontF to dissipate its long the populahe LTTE to pretector of the Sri sistently misconquation in northtried to circumervening directly s. The IPKF was lat the November ons, boycotted by victory for Indin-province-based utionary LiberaWithout a strong helmingly Tamil on Indian protecs goodwill, the only limited legibe a thoroughly rce to the LTTE
decamped with
ime of its withMarch 1990, the
some of India's it, too, was reocities, it averted orth in 1987 and abeyance in the it sparked the y, the IPKF also ts destruction by kan Army of the guerrilla war on uttressing a Sri rom whom India
vourable conces
Accord and expked instant and ainst what was ed Indian intru
TAMIL TIMES 17
sion in Sri Lankan affairs. Some even spoke of the threat of Indian annexation. The promise of provincial autonomy acquired notoriety too as the inevitable precursor to eventual partition and the diminution of power at Sri Lanka's political centre. Both Premadasa and National Security Minister, L. Athulathmudali openly voiced reservations while the SLFP opposition denounced decentralization and vociferously proclaimed its ability to obtain less demeaning guidelines for Indo-Sri Lankan relations. More seriously, the JVP, reincarnated as the champions of Sinhalese nationalism, portrayed the Accord as a betrayal of the Sinhalese nation by the political establishment and exploited popular sentiment to relaunch its armed insurgency in deadly earnest.
Throughout the 1987-89 period in which presidential and parliamentary elections (December 1988 and February 1989) were held, the JVP steadily escalated its rebellion. Its strategy of political assassinations and economically crippling strikes was matched by an unrelenting counter-terror operation conducted by the state through para-military and regular forces. As intended by the JVP, the election campaigns were marred by violence and intimidation and the results disputed accordingly. In spite of, or because of this, the UNP held on to power and by the end of 1989 had crushed the JVP rebellion.
Before turning on the JVP, Premadasa had effected a temporary realignment of political forces in the ethnic conflict. Given the shared need of the President and the LTTE to be rid of the IPKF, collaboration between the two took place. Premadasa, desperate to demonstrate his nationalist credentials and to fulfil his election pledge to solve Sri Lanka's problems without external intervention, entered into negotiations with the LTTE. The latter complied, eager to capitalize on a considerable bargain - the departure of the IPKF without incurring a cost to itself. Having initiated these contacts in May, Premadasa then engineered the worst Indo-Sri Lankan crisis. In a 2 June 1989 speech he unilaterally demanded the complete withdrawal of the IPKF by the second anniversary of its introduction - 29 July - and, when India flatly refused, he threatened to evict it. Though this was bluff designed for domestic political consumption, it succeeded in heightening tension. The LTTE responded favourably with the announcement of a largely symbolic cessation of hostilities against govern
ment forces. The JVP (which wished
for the removal of both the IPKF and the Sri Lankan President) increased its terrorist activity plunging the state into near anarchy. As tempers sub
Continued on page 21

Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
THE CALFORNA TAMIL CONF
Tamils: A Nation Without
by Prof. Kopan Mahadeva
Over a hundred international professors, scholars, professionals and Eelam supporters from various parts of the United States, Canada, Australia, India, Japan, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, UK and Tamil Eelam met in California State University, Sacramento on 20 and 21 July at the INTERNATIONAL TAMIL EELAM RESEARCH CONFERENCE - 1991 on the subject of “Tamil Eelam - A Nation Without A State.’
Research papers written by academics from California, California State, New Brunswick, Griffith, Harvard, Jaffna, Nebraska Wesleyan, Uppsala and Virginia Universities, The Birmingham Polytechnic, Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and Osaka Institute of Bio-sciences as well as by legal, engineering & business leaders and representatives of International Tamil Federations and Sangams from all over the world were openly and dispassionately discussed along with their hypotheses and findings, and also the future of Tamil Eelam, in relation to the current political impasse in Sri Lanka. The success of the conference was mainly due to the efforts of Chairman and Organiser, Professor John Balachandra and his indefatigable associates including Mrs. Sarojini Balachandra.
Sri Lanka Government’s Protest Fiasco
The conference got off to a flying start despite and possibly because of the formal protest at the Conference Centre, organised by the Sri Lankan High Commission, eventually parading 29 Sinhala slogan-shouters and placard-carriers including some toddlers, although some 5000 protestors were rumoured to assemble, from various parts of the USA, with warnings and threats of violence.
Amidst vehement protests by the Sri Lankan High Commissioner in Washington to the California State University's Governors, branding the organisers as supporters of terrorism, the authorities stood firm for the freedom of speech. The FBI who conducted very thorough investigations cleared the Conference as a genuine academic exercise, and the offices of President Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle then gave support, and requested copies of the Conference Papers and bound Proceedings, for serious study.
Eelam and Sinhala Rata The prevalent confusion relating to
the names EEL EELAM, particula Tamils, was elucida ence so that the wor Sinhalese themsel understand what Tamil peopleare ind the context of what
SeSS.
EELAM is really Lanka (formerly Ce called in Tamil lite centuries. It is the o Tamil name for Sri and naturally reinfo in the political reaw: revivalism of the ra place the rather d Tamil word ILANK present and imm Lankan constitutio (Island of Sri Lank Both the Sinhalesewell as the Tamil-s cluding Muslims) r centuries before, a land of EELAM.
The combined N vince of EELAM current eight dist Batticaloa, Jaffna, Mullaitivu, Trinco niya forms the te been called TAMIL has been habitated predominantly for So, TAMIL EELAM as the eight distric Tamils live as a m territory of these e its people and the made resources is t and rightfully calle by its Tamil-speakil own language, and others also.
What the Tamil fighting for, backed the Tamils, after liamentary democr of the past 43 yea EELAM is TAMIL and economic Sinhalese dominati deprivation and op
As a compromis the Tamils have v from their dema] EELAM, EELAM’s Nuwara Eliya, Ba areas populated by country Tamils of 1 Indian origin as v Puttalam District f

15 AUGUST 1991
a State'
AM & TAMIL rly among nonted at the Conferld at large, and the ves could better
the Sri Lankan leed fighting for, in
they already pos
the Island of Sri ylon) as has been rature for several ld and sentimental
Lanka, gradually rced back into use, akening and ethnic 2cent years, to reull and impassive AI as used in the ediately past Sri ns. Thus EELAM. ka) already exists. speaking people as peaking people (inlow as for several 'e living in the Is
orth-Eastern Proconsisting of the ricts of Amparai, Kilinochi, Mannar, malee, and Vavurritory which has EELAM and which by EELAM Tamils over two millenia. I too already exists its where EELAM ajority nation. The ight districts with natural and manhus what is fondly di TAMIL EELAM ng majority in their now in English by
youth-in-arms are almost fully by all he failure of paracy and diplomacy rs in "independent' EELAM’s political iberation from on, Discrimination, ression.
2 to the Sinhalese, bluntarily excluded 'cation of TAMIL
central districts of lulla and adjoining over 1,000,000 Upecent (post-British) vell as the coastal or which the Tamils
have historical and ethnic claims. It is expected that the Up-country Tamils and the Tamils now living in the rest of EELAM will be invited into TAMIL EELAM once it is politically liberated. EELAM Tamils wouldn’t mind the rest of EELAM, excluding TAMIL EELAM being called SINHALA RATA to satisfy the legitimate and reciprocal, natural sentiments of the Sinhalese people.
It was stressed at the Conference that two virtually independent federaltype states of TAMIL EELAM and SINHALA RATA will be the best arrangement under the current circumstances with a ceremonial, sentimental, nominal, connecting link at the centre.
Discrimination, and Broken Pacts
Papers including from non-Eelam nationals denounced the manner in which over a million Up-country Tamils were unjustly decitizenised and disenfranchised overnight by Prime Minister D.S. Senanayake's UNP Government by Ceylon Citizenship Act No.18 of 1948 and Ceylon (Parliamentary Elections) Amended Act No.48 of 1949 thus reducing Tamil representation in Parliament by over 40%, in violation of Section 29 of Lord Soulbury’s Independence Constitution prohibiting the "enactment of any law that would make persons of any community or religion liable to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of other communities or religions weren't liable or confer advantages or privileges on persons of any community or religion which were not conferred on persons of other communities or religions.' Section 29 was violated yet again several times.
Thus, Tamils-disabling and discriminatory Official Language (Sinhala Only) Act of 1956 by Prime Minister S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike’s SLFP Government, and his unilateral abrogation almost before the ink was dry, of his subsequent conciliatory Pact of 1957 with Mr. Chelvanayagam and its abandonment soon by his Government; Tamils' unsuccessful non-violent protest movements of 1956, 1958, 1961 and 1970 to 1976; the Republican Constitution of 1972 rejected by the Tamils; the failure of successive Sinhalese-dominated EELAM Governments to restore equal rights and opportunities to Tamils; the Governments-backed waves of anti-Tamil riots of 1958 to 1983, and the dictatorial legislations and state terrorism of President J.R. Jayawardene's era were isolated as causes for the continuing armed struggles, 100,000 deaths and 2,000,000 refugees in EELAM.
US Journalist Weeps Deanna Hodgin, a Staff Writer and
Foreign Correspondent for the INSIGHT Magazine, who had earlier vi

Page 19
15 AUGUST 1991
sited the battlefields of Middle East, Afghanistan, Amritsar and Kashmir as part of her assignments, and seen horrific torture, beatings, bombings and shooting declared that nothing was so terrible as she witnessed in Sri Lanka in 1990. She illustrated her talk with a pre-circulated paper and a slide show in the middle of which she broke down, wept, and abruptly terminated her presentation, moving the audience also to tears. This happened in the morning session of 21st July.
Also, helicopter strafing of Tamil civilians, indiscreet bombing of towns with heavy, napalm, and excreta bombs, intimidation, kidnapping, robbery, arson, mass torture and murder of suspects and villagers, mass cremation of victims' bodies using rubber tyres and gasoline, burning and bombing of Jaffna's Public Library and Model Market, houses, churches, temples and schools, cutting off of electricity, telephone, food, fuel and medical supplies were all cited in papers and discussions as genocidal evidence documented by international agencies and NGOs such as AI, ICJ, ICRC, UNHCR and MSF.
Racial Colonisation and Discrimination Prof. R. C. Oberst, and Dr. E.A. Selvanathan's paper quoted the findings of researchers like Kearney, IJC’s Leary, Manoharan, Peebles, Shastry, Silk and Sims and Wilson as evidence of EELAM Governments” deliberate and surreptitious colonisation over 40 years of Tamil homelands with Sinhalese, to force-change population structures and boundaries of TAMIL EELAM’s districts to oppress Tamils. Similar data were cited to prove discrimination against Tamils in education and employment, which really made the youth take up arms.
Youth Uprising
Reasons were identified which resulted in the uprising of the usually docile and passive Tamil youth in 1972 intensified mainly after TULF's final 1976 Vaddukkoddai Resolution, as: Youths' vision of a bleak future in education and employment, vis-a-vis the Sinhala Only Act, the repeated failure of Sinhalese-led parliamentary democracy and diplomacy and consequently youth distrust in the efficacy with the Sinhalese political psyche, of their own elders' methods of nonviolence, peaceful protests, Satyagraha, and pacts in an atmosphere of unity and co-operation with the majority nation.
The divide-and-rule tactics used by
the EELAM governments in fostering
quisling groups among Tamil militant movements were deprecated and also the fragile resolve and political wisdom of such groups and their leaders, in the
context of a lasting
Although the con la-type resistance ated, the interne fraternal and civi pointed out, especia delegates, as the m apparent lack of su governments for th founded presently raised by Rajiv Gan inquiry. Co-ordina Tamil intellectuals with EELAM’s ex with effective effort tional public relati were pointed out as the future, to v EELAM Tamils” leg
One speaker's ( nicely summed up th delegates' advice t madasa, "The goverr in the Tamil areas earned and cannot b of a gun ... or fac partition.'
India's Conti and Internatio Mainly during inf it was gathered tha considered the Indo-L 90 as an unfortuna took place mainly due to act impartially a peace-keeper in the ir the army commandel clear-cut instruction by the political leade delegates also felt th important continued tion in addition to se ticipate in building p EELAM, and particu Tamils in securing an lasting solution to t tant problems.
It was also stresse and session discussio Tamils and their should approach hea in world's leading cou for financial and diplo TAMIL EELAM’s po for economic reconst velopment and, as so for associate member monwealth and the U
The view was expre Kingdom has acted ri aid to EELAM tem view of the doubtfu legitimacy of the EEI and its appalling hum other countries and agencies too should f certainly not sell any until its ethnic prob with TAMIL EELAM
The examples of oth and groups in the facing similar problem

TAM TIMES 19
olution.
traints of guerrilere well apprecine warfare and an killings were y by non-EELAM in reasons for the port from foreign Tamil cause cony the suspicions hi's assassination ed actions from and professionals 2rnal supporters, towards internans and lobbying the best path for ry soon realise 'imate goals. oncluding words e consensus of the President Prement’s legitimacy will have to be won at the point e endless war or
nued Role mal Support Irmal discussions, many delegates TTE War of 1987te episode which to India's failure nd decisively as hitial stages, since rs were not given s and guidelines rs, but the same hat India has an role and obligalf-interest to pareace in war-torn arly to assist the honourable and heir most impor
l in some papers ns, that EELAM representatives s of government tries personally, matic support for itical liberation, ruction and den as practicable, hip in the ComN. ised that United htly in freezing orarily and, in nature of the AM government in-rights record, ternational aid eze all aid, and rms to EELAM ems are solved
r ethnic regions prld which are with their own
governments and oppressive majority nations were referred to by several speakers who felt EELAM Tamils should forge links with Kurds, Lithuanians, Croats, Tibetans, Quebecois and similar groups for mutual support.
Reconstruction
It was pointed out at the Conference, that large portions of the economic infrastructure such as roads, bridges, shops, office buildings, houses, factory units, boats, fishing implements, transport gear, farms, agricultural machinery, schools, churches, temples, libraries, markets and hospitals have been demolished or damaged. E.g., in Jaffna alone up to September 1987, 24737 houses and 8085 commercial properties had been completely, and 27876 houses and 2908 commercial properties partly damaged, along with 398 churches and temples. It was estimated that 150 million sq.ft. of buildings will have to be repaired and an equal extent rebuilt in TAMIL EELAM.
The funds required for the entire rebuilding task to pre-1980 levels, for all the infrastructure including roads, etc., was said to be possibly around US$ 1500 million. Appropriate technologies and strategies for the reconstruction were discussed, and it was reckoned that TAMIL EELAM has sufficient manpower for reconstruction.
A Five Year Plan was recommended for reconstruction as well as development of TAMIL EELAM to the levels of the rest of EELAM, for which another US$ 1500 was said to be required, even with the same manpower, including 2000 engineers and 18,000 other professionals.
The resources and potentials of TAMIL EELAM were comprehensively presented in one big paper in the areas of paddy/rice cultivation, animal husbandry and dairy farming, horticulture and subsidiary food crops, water resources, deep-sea fishing, aquaculture, coconut and palmyra plantations, fruits and orchards, cotton, hemp, cashew, sugar cane and soya beans, handicraft and cottage industries, medium and large-scale industries, information technology, energy resources, tourism, and public health priorities.
international Aid and Bank of Tamil Eelam
After comprehensive analyses of the natural, mineral and manpower resources, potentials, cultural heritage, historical factors and contemporary aspirations and levels of enthusiasm of the people of TAMIL EELAM, particularly in comparison with the sizes, populations, natural resources, international affiliations and per-capita GNPs of 39 member states of the UN, Continued on page 21

Page 20
20 TAMIL TIMES
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Continued from page 19
75% of which are also members of the Commonwealth and smaller than
· TAMIL EELAM both in size and in population, and eight countries smaller either in size or in population it was concluded in a popular presentation that TAMIL EELAM is indeed viable as an independent economic nation provided around US$3 billion could be found from international aid, for immediate reconstruction and development on a Five Year Plan, so long a TAMIL EELAM also has the freedom to make relevant policy decisions, and negotiate direct international aid and service contracts.
It was recommended that in any event, EELAM Tamils must start bef riending and lobbying world governments and heads of state from now itself so that their support would mature as and when needed.
Many delegates also agreed with the recommendation in a paper that a BANK OF TAMIL EELAM should be established forthwith, on the private initiative and funds of wealthy EELAM Tamil individuals and organisations, with its head office in Londonor New York and branches in UK, USA, India, Australia, Germany, France, Switzerland, Canada, and any
where else there is individual and nat EELAM Tamils. It v the customers shoul internationally com ble service, so that t join no bank other BANK OF TAMIL in their life.
Self-Deter and Sec Political models fo were examined and to self-determination political researchers and scholars. Cana models of federalism suited to the EEL might accept, it was nominal link at the
lawyers were urged
new constitution for SINHALARATA an on the basis of virtua
Quiet elation perv ium when several pa on self-determinatio case citations, U.N. d national ethnic comp arguments that TA deed has an irrefuta determination as we
Continued from page 17
sided and diplomacy was rediscovered, a timetable for the IPKF withdrawal was reached and the possibilityof a treaty to formalize the new relationship between Sri Lanka and India was broached.
By April 1990 a number of factors could be cited in support of a cautiously optimistic interpretation of the Sri Lankan situation. Government-LTTE contacts continued. In preparation for its anticipated entrance into the political mainstream, the LTTE formed a political party in December 1989, the title of which - the Popular Front of Liberation Tigers - no mention of Eelam. The LTTE had also moved into the areas evacuated by the IPKF and routed the last-ditch military efforts of the EPRLF in the north-east, exercising de facto quasigovernmental powers. In the south, the military backbone of the JVP had been crushed, and with it the justificatuon for the ferocious counter-terror state apparatus. On the economic front, the international donors maintained a generous flow of vital aid, but curbed government extravagance by imposing austere conditions. On the surface at least, reconciliation and rehabilitation seemed finally possible.
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TAMIL TIMES 21
cope to serve the onal interests of as suggested that be provided with etitive, comparaley would seek to han the proposed ELAM, any time
mination ssion
TAMIL EELAM lso Tamils's right and secession, by and legal experts ian and Indian were deemed unAM Tamils who felt, a loose and centre. EELAM’s o start drafting a EELAM Linking TAMIL EELAM l independence. aded the auditorpers and speakers concluded, with eclarations, interarisons and legal MIL EELAM inble right to selfll as to secession.
Thus, it was suggested that time is running out for President Premadasa and the EELAM (i.e. Sri Lankan) Government for consultation and fair compromise to forge a new EELAM.
Disclosures in Two Other Note-Worthy Papers
The existence of an EELAM Tamil Buddhism for 2000 years, and the recognition, in the World Encyclopaedia of Cultures, of EELAM (Sri Lankan) Tamils as a separate nation, with their own individuality, different from all other Tamils, were also disclosed.
Principal Participants at the Conference
The main authors and speakers at the Conference were: Professors J. Balachandra, G. Hart, K. Mahadeva, R. Oberst, B. Pfaffenberger, P. Schalk and J. Wilson; Drs. K. Arulanantham, Sachi Sri Kanthi, E.A. Selvanathan and N. Sriskandarajah; Mss. D. Alexander, D. Hodgins, K. Parker; Messrs N. Chinivasagam, T. Gunanayagam, A. Pararajasingham, W. Paul, J.M. Rajaratnam, Justice S. Ponnambalam, V. Rudrakumaran, K. Satchithananthan, K. Sivarajah and D.N.S.K. Thankarajah.,
Arangetram
getram of Sivakama& Mrs. Kumaravel of l, Herts, U.K. takes tfield on 149.91 at reat enthusiasm for ender age of 6 and aw exponents underMadras under Nirtha halapathy. Besides vangam, she will be savan at Miruthanat Violin and Sri companist. She was 3ishops Girls School lace last October to burgh's Gold Award Prince Philip.
tition ratics, Statistics, Hones visited.
3227
Arunathathy releases her Veena Cassettes
The London Veena Group had its annual Cultural Evening at Graveney School Hall, London SW17 on 38.91. The highlight of the evening was the release of the Veena Cassettes of Mrs. Arunthathy Srikantharajah, the pioneer exponent of this ancient instrument in London. The recipients of the cassettes were Mr. A.T.S. Ratnasingham, the chief coordinator of the Shree Ghanapathy Temple; Mr. S. Sampathkumar, President of the London Murugan Temple, Mr. S. Maharasingham, a social worker and Mr. G. Rabinovitch who had been one of the promoters of the London Veena Group since its inception in 1983.
Mr. S. Meganathan, the organiser of the concert said that it was most appropriate that the dignitaries of two Hindu temples should be associated with the promotion of music and culture in U.K.
The items of entertainment for the evening included a scintillating performance of Bharatha Natyam by Anusha Varathalingam, pupil of Pathmini Gunaseelan of Narthana Kalalaya and a hilarious Drama titled "Kaal Kattu, produced and directed by Pulavar Sivanathan.

Page 22
22 TAM TIMES
A POINT OF WEW
Rajiv Gandhi's Murder & the Tami
by T. Balasingham
The following is presented in view of the prevailing suspicions and antagonism against Sri Lankan Tamils in India due to the killing of Rajiv Gandhi, thereby precipitating much damage to the Sri Lankan Tamil cause, in India and abroad, although only the LTTE is implicated. Since it is the militants who have been at the forefront of the struggle for Tamil rights and free existence, the distinction is of little relevance. The killing though unproven, and the suspicions disputed, great damage has already been caused
on the basis of the circumstantial evi
dence so far uncovered. It is possible that the instigators of the deed may never be accessible for indentification and proof, but meanwhile the damage to Sri Lankan Tamil interests must be faced. There is also the consideration that is due to the girl for the supreme sacrifice of a life, seemingly long meditated and willed, for a cause, however misguided she may be. In the world, hardly anything is certain, but impacts flowing from events have a great bearing on views and opinions.
The killing of Rajiv Gandhi, a well known Indian leader and the scion of the highly respected Nehru family has deeply offended Indians and also earned world opprobrium. It is presently directed against Sri Lankan Tamils, and hence the cause for much concern to them. Assassination of leading personalities is a common feature from time immemorial, and the pages of history are littered with such events. It is a trait of primeval human nature, in the craze for power, to kill and supplant even by the most devious means. It can also be the reprisal of the weak to avenge or right a wrong against unassailable power. Intelligence services of many countries have also resorted to such for ends that cannot be achieved by politics, diplomacy or other means.
Facts to which important consideration must be given in the evaluation of the event, are possible reasons and the persons.
The killing of Indira Gandhi, a highly venerated leader of India, and respected for her commitment to Indian wellbeing was deeply mourned the world over, including Sri Lankan Tamils who owe her a deep debt of
gratitude. It was her stern warning to
the Sri Lankan Government in 1983, which prevented the genocide of the Tamils in the North who were then unprepared to oppose. The killing of Mahatma Gandhi, the aposthe of non violence and goodwill to all humanity
is a similar event. the killing of des have been wished Human groups wh great sufferings, deaths cannot but those who are direc responsible. These which must be con luation of such eve Despite the con deed, it must still be of compulsions an may have brought attacks and immola emotions are but thinking process, enough. Killers hi and gold are at th power aspirants of desperate enterpris contemplated and v rifice with self trig cause that he or sh reap, must need cc from the deed itself. wrong has its ow those who make the Many are those w hands in self righte lence, but incapab sacrifice except Weighed in the bal sacrifice challenges testations of those W ing for power by gr It also must be col who are responsib directly for the inf and death of inno anticipate reprisal some form or other needs of state or po A parent who bew loved ones, a spous death of a lifelong p. ter, a girl whose life by rape, or a yo maimed must all cr punishment on whi lieve responsible for Although identiti still being probed, dence proved, susp strongly denied, it w briefly dwell on the Rajiv and the Sri L. munity, any of who still be suspected. cades, the Sri Lanka at the reeiving er discrimination, anc hands of the Sinhal July 1983 a comm terror, violence and der was launched b

Problem
)n the other hand, pots, and tyrants, for and condoned. o have undergone
indignities, and ave much illwill on ly or inadvertently are human traits sidered in the evahtS.
demnation of the viewed in the light | motivations that it about. Suicidal tions due to sudden aberrations of the and are common red with rewards e beck and call of all sorts, even for ses. But the long villed supreme sacgered death, for a e would not live to onsideration, apart To right or venge a n justification for supreme sacrifice. ho will raise their eous horror at viole of the smallest for selfish ends. ance, the supreme ; the hollow protho hide their craveat protestations. nsidered that those le directly or inliction of suffering cent people must or retribution in ', whatever be the litical imperatives. ails the killing of e who mourns the artner and supporis blasted for ever uth tortured and y for vengeance or omsoever they be
their plight. es and methods are no conclusive eviicions and charges rould be relevant to relations between ankan Tamil Comose members could For over three dean Tamils had been ld of harassment, violence at the la majority, and in unal holocaust of looting, and mury Sinhala goondas
15 AUGUST 1991
and mobs, on the helpless Sri Lankan Tamil Community in the South. There is little doubt that leading politicians in power had helped to plan and direct the violence and it was apparent that state security and military agencies had also a hand. On the pretext of crushing Tamil militants the Sinhala army engulfed the Tamil region with violence, murder, rape, loot and devastation. The embattled Community was under siege, and longed and prayed for Indian assistance to halt the horror.
It was then that the entry of the Indian army (IPKF) sent by Rajiv purportedly to succour the besieged Tamils was welcomed with songs and garlands. To their great horror and chagrin, the Indian army soon turned on the Tamils with savage fury imposing destruction, killing, looting, rape and devastation over the whole Tamil region on the pretext of taming the LTTE militants who had restarted the violence against Sri Lankan and Indian directives. Militants and civilians were not spared, and thousands of innocent civilians - old and young, were killed, often in cold blood as reprisals for militant resistance. The Indian army did not and could not discriminate between the LTTE militants and the civilians since all Tamils resented the brutalities of the army. A revealing instance was the questioning of an Army officer at Amritsar, on leave from Sri Lanka who had with him a quantity of broken gold jewellery, as reported in the Indian papers. It was merely the tip of the iceberg. The incident that triggered the start of hostilities is generally attributed to the callous disregard for Tamil susceptibilities and militants' security, by New Delhi. On arrival of the Indian army, peace was declared in the North and East. But 17 LTTE leading militants were captured on the high seas by the Sri Lankan Navy the Sri Lankan Government demanded the captives to be sent to Colombo. There was little doubt that these militants would have been subjected to torture, humiliation and death despite the peace accord which was the purpose for which Rajiv sent the IPKF. Although the Indian commander and even the Indian ambassador in Sri Lanka protested, New Delhi agreed to the transfer of the captives to Colombo. It has been asserted that it was the intention of the high ups, to precipitate the LTTE into reprisal violence so that it could be crushed on that excuse, and so eliminate Tamil capabilities to satisfy some secret terms of the Accord.
The Tamils in general and the militants in particular had long suspected the goodwill of Rajiv. His attitude at the Thimpu Conference to Sri Lankan Tamil aspirations, and the surrender Continued on page 23

Page 23
15 AUGUST 1991
QUIZ CROSSWORDS - No. 7. Set by: Richards
Closing date for completed grid and coupon to be received is 30
September 1991
Answers and the name of the winner - first all correct entry pulled out of a bag - will be announced in the October fg91
lissue,
The winner will receive a prize of £2000 sterling. All entries should be sent to: Tamil Times, P.O. Box 121, Sutton,
Surrey SM13 TD, UK.
Across.
1. Western Indian Ocean republic of 115 islands, a splendid example of ខ្សopae Third World development
11. East African capital city, briefly (3) 12. Stem of a rattan palm or a Malaysian state (7)
14. Directed (5) 16. Rich French cake (6) 17. Indicates low frequency (2) 18. Conjunction used to join alternatives (2)
19. Printer's measure (3) 20. Elizabeth Regina (2)
is Specialist table for cue and a ball
23. Southwest Asian river rises in Lebanon, flows through Syria and Turkey and falls into the Mediterranean (3) 24. International car registration for Ecuador could be even a London central zone (2) 25. Sri Lankan cartoonists and satire writers often referred to the late Mr. S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike as the electric fishy one (3) 26. The Buddhist monk that passes into Nirvana at death (5) 28. Knock (3) 30. Briefly 'sound' or South Dakota in USA (2) 31. "A longer way to go' Sound of Music (2) 32. Rhode Island in USA (2) 33. Transistor transistor logic, briefly (3) 34. Guyanese run a Creole delight in the West Indies (6) 37. One hundred dinars in Iran (4) 38. Anuradhapura's world renowned sacred tree (2) "39. Non liquet, it is not clear, briefly (2) 40. Longest division of geological time, possibly two or more eras (3)
41. Elaborate song arrangement for accompanying a solo voice (4) 43. Not out (2) 45. North of North East (3) 46. Situated southwest to Sri Lanka 1087 coral islands of this republic
49. Vita body fluid (3) 50. Kambar was one, Oddakkoothar was another and Puhalienthi was a third one and there were many great OrieS.
DOW; 2. Enlightment when spiritually uplifting (11) 3. Jaffna's king variety is super breakfastfood (3) 4. A language born of extended contact between French and African languages (6) 5. One sixth of an inch used as a key printer's measure (2) 6. Too much can make some really loutish (5) 7. Suburb of Cardiff seat of the oldest bishopric of Wales (8) 8. Consumes (4) 9. Scottish Certificate of Education (3) 10, Settled by the Dutch in 1638, abandoned, taken by the French in 1715 and the British in 1810, a West ಗ್ಧan Ocean Commonwealth state
9
13. Head of State and ultimate authority during Rome's glorious period (6)
14. led a revolution and within a
decade transformed his country from abject poverty to a great degree of development (6,4) 15. Lack of moisture in its extreme form (6) 22. World famed island is a living natural history museum (7)
4
Continued from page 22
of the 17 militants helped to confirm suspicions that the Peace Accord signed between the Sri Lankan Government and Rajiv was primarily for the purpose of curbing Tamil resurgence in Sri Lanka, lest it inspire similar aspirations in Tamil Nadu. The unchecked atrocities lasting almost three, years resulted in thousands of civilians being killed, untold devastation, and even worse, rape of girls and women, a crime unforgivable in the eyes of the Tamils. Despite protests and even international condemnation, hardly any action was taken to halt the atrocities, and the high command was blamed, not without reason. The atrocities inflicted on the Tamil Community has been described in some detail in a book titled "Broken Palmyrah' by four Dons of the University of Jaffna (published by the Sri Lanka Studies Institute). Although armies on foreign soil are prone to atrocities and human rights violations, the long continued
unchecked horror resulted in deep ani
mosity of Tamils sponsible at the top be the political obj policies, there was
atrocities, and the Tl the Sinhala Governn departure of the l supposed to be an A imposed by violence, disaster for all incl thanks Rajiv got fol misconceived inter deep illwill of the S and also the distrust This was highlighte at Rajiv's head with by a Naval rating at
honour. If Rajiv ha head in time, his t have occurred earlie ing, though impriso has been released a hero.
It has been a case and reaping the w little doubt that the ture, whatever be
 
 

TAMILTIMES 23
1. Anno Hegirae, the Muslim era (2) '. In the tropics it is a monsoonal ature (4) . Aircraft in numbers popularly (6) . Baffle and frustrate to defeat (4) . Alert or responsive (5)
. Unit of electric current (3)
buiz Crosswords -
荷 Briefly, automatic data processing
3
44. Trap (3) 47. Priestess of Hera turned into a beautiful heifer in Greek mythology (2) 48. Special police force of Nazi Germany (2)
5: Solutions.
cross: 1. Vishnu. 6. Kalki. 10. Acre. 11. Alf. 12. Re. 13. MB. 15. Pique. 17. bas. 18. Rev. 20. Heard. 23. Rhea. 24. Aired. 24. An. 26. Sam. 28. A asa, 30. IRA. 31. Kos. 33. Anu. 34. Pain. 35. Urim. 37. True. 39. Ca. 40. amachandra. 43, MCH. 44. Demi. 46. Ayah and 47. Matsaya. own: 1. Varaha. 2. lice. 3. SR. 4. Hem. 5. UN. 6. Krishna. 7. Laurasia. 8. ee. 9, If. 14. Buddha. 15. Parasurama. 16. Narasimha. 19. Vamana. 21. . 22. Rel. 27. Arica.29. Anthem. 31. Kurma. 32. Oracy. 34. Ped. 36. Ma. 1. Unit. 41. CD. 42. Ria and 45. Pa.
inner: Pratheev Manikavasagar, P.O. Box 34939, Lusaka, Zambia.
against those re... Whatever might ectives and state no doubt of the amils even joined ment to request the PKF. What was Accord, even to be was found to be a luding India. The the ill fated and vention, was the ri Lankan Tamils t of the Sinhalese. d in a blow aimed the butt of a rifle a Sinhala guard of d not ducked his agic death would er. The naval ratned for the deed, and is virtually a.
of sowing the wind hirlwind. There is Sri Lankan adventhe power motiva
tions, was a tragic mistake, harmful to all and particularly to the Sri Lankan Tamils who expected succour from a kindred race. To India too it was a tragic mistake, for the reputation of its formidable army was blemished, its conduct in the field questionable, apart from over four thousand casualties, including many soldiers maimed for life, and a cost of probably 1000 crores of rupees which could have funded many a project for India's poor. The cost of equipment and loss of lives is staggering.
In the end, the army departed “unhonoured and unsung. In view of the sacrificial resistance of the LTTE, against the genocidal atacks of the Sri Lankan Government, it would be a distortion of truth to claim that the Tamils have little sympathy for the LTTE, though such is the excuse for attacking the Tamils en masse. Whatever the intentions of Rajiv's accord, to the Tamils, it was a perceptible disaster in effect. Betrayal or hurt by a y Continued on page 26

Page 24
24 TAMIL TIMES,
CLASSIFIED ADS
First 20 words 10. Each additional word 60p. Charge for Box No. 3. (Wat 171/2oo extra)
Prepayment essential The Advertisement Manager, famil Times Ltd, PO Box 121.
Sutton, Surrey SM 3 TD Phone: 081-644 O972
MARMONAL
Jaffna Hindu seeks partner for brother, 35, employment in London. Please send particulars, horoscope. M509 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu seeks groom for sister, 37, music graduate teacher in Colombo, qualified programmes, T. V. Send particulars, horoscope. M510 Tamil Times. Batticaloa Hindu brother seeks partner for his brother, 34, accountant, Clima finalist in London. Send details horoscope. M51 1 Co Tamil Times.
Christian Tamil parents seek groom for their daughter, pretty, fair, 5'5", well educated, race religion no bar. M512 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu brother seeks partner for fair economics graduate sister, 32, Mars in eighth house. Send details horoscope, M 513 C/o Tamil Times, Christian/Catholic Jaffna Tamil parents seek professional groom for daughter, 21, homely, convent educated, attractive, British citizen. M514 C/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu brother (Australian citizen, 31, Computer Systems Officer) seeks marriage for sister, 35, trained teacher in Jaffna. Widower, divorcee, inter-marriage also considered. Send full details, horoscope. M515 C/o Tafni! Times.
Friend invites correspondence from educated Sri Lankan females for Sri Lankan Tamil Catholic professional, 32, highly educated, well established, financially secure, US permanent resident. M516 c/o Tamil Times. Jaffna Hindu brother seeks partners for sisters, 42 and 36, ideal housewives. DivorCees considered. Please reply M 517 C/o Tarmii TirreS.
ENGAGEMENT Dr. M.J. Jayarajah and Miss J.B. Marks.
The engagement is announced between Mohan only son of Mr. & Mrs. D. C. Jayarajah of Sutton, Surrey, U.K. and Jennifer eldest daughter of Mr. P. Marks of Penzance and
Mrs. R. Wheeler of Emsworth, Hampshire, U.K.
WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couples on their recent wedding. Dr. Erajasekeran son of Mr. & Mrs. S. Annannuttu, P.O. Box 6957, Boroko, Papua, New Guinea and Jeyagowre daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Sittampalam, 15 Airlie Bank Road, Morwell, Victoria 3840, Australia on 14.7.91 at West Strathfield Bowling Club, Homebush, NSW 2140, Australia. Dr. Tilly, son of Mr. & Mrs. T. Sivaramalingam of 23 Arthur Street, Winchester MA01890, USA and Brinda daughter of Mr. & Mrs. S. Sathiamoorthy of 75 Oaklands Road, Hanwell, London W7 2DT on 108.91 at Greenford Town Hall, Greenford, Middx., U.K.
OBT
Sabapathy- Kanakes Sabapathy, Proctor ar, beloved nother of Pat law of Dr. C.K. Thurair loved grandmother of Sudharshan (all of U. nunnohan (Australia), on 2nd July 1991 Villundi, Jafna On 3rd Road, Walthamstow,
Kanagarajah -- Hel husband of Pearl Sel father of Dhayanthi, Australia), grandfathe Son of the late Mr (Tellipallai, Sri Lanka, Amirtharanee, Thev and the late Selvaraj fully at his home in 25th July 1991. Sadly ones and friends. - 3 burn South, Victoria
894 3366.
Mrs. Visaladchy
(80) of Alaveddy, re nayagamoorthy (E nother of Devanatl Chitra Kuganesan
Gnanasakthy Nava, nian (both of Canac bridge, U.K.) pass 18.9 and was C Lanka on 2nd Aug Cherry Hinton, Cal Tel 0223 248735.
 
 
 
 

15 AUGUST 1991
JARES
wary, Relict of Sam A. !d First Mayor of Jaffna, dimini (U.K.), mother-inatnam (U.K.) and much Sunnathie, Malathi and K.), Udishtra and Vishpassed away peacefully and was Cremated at July - 3 B Folkestone London E179SD.
rbert Rasiah, beloved varanee (nee Sanders);
Vasanthi (Melbourne, 2r of Rebecca, beloved & Mrs. S.K. Rasiah l; brother of Selvaranee, aranee (London, U.K.) ah passed away peaceMelbourne, Australia on r missed by all his loved 1 Donald Street, Black3130, Australia. Tel 03
Selvavinayagamoorthy ict of the late N. Selvavife Physician), beloved an, Sivalingam and Mrs. (all of Sri Lanka); Mrs. atnarajah and Subramaa), and Viknarajah (Cam2d away peacefully on emated in Kokuvil, Sri ist – 47 Malvern Road, bridge, CB1 4LH, U.K.
IN MEMORAM
Mayilvaganam Veliummayilum J.P. U.M. Attorney-at-law and former Chairman, Urban Council, Point Pedro, Sri Lanka, whose second anniversary of his passing away is on 31.8.91. Sadly missed by his loving wife, children Thayanandarajah (U.K.), Nithiyanandarajah (New Zealand), Mayilvaganarajah (U.K.), Chitra, Anandarajah, Krishnarajah and Jayanthi (all of Sri Lanka), in-laws, friends and a host of grateful constituents - 59 Edgwarebury Gardens, Edgware, Middlesex. HA8 8LL.
Mr. Gunaratnam, Divisional Superintendent of Post Offices, on the first anniversary of his passing away on 28th August 1990. Sadly missed by his loving wife Rani, Children Thiru, Vasuki, Devaki (Australia), Sutharsan (UK), Saratha Devi; son-in-law Radhakrishnan (Australia), grand daughter Mayunica, sister and in-laws – 59 Edgwarebury Gardens, Edgware, Middx. HA 88LL.
in loving memory of Mrs. Sinnathangam Suppiah (Retired Head Mistress, Arunasalam Vidyasalai, Alaveddy Sri Lanka) on the third anniversary of her passing away on 208.88. Sadly missed and lovingly remembered by her children Sivathasan and Sivarupavathy, daughter-in-law Sivadevi; son-in-law Sivasubramaniam and grand-children Kuhan, Nirupa, Meera, and Parathan - 303 Hempstead Road, Gillingham, Kent M373QJ. . .

Page 25
15 AUGUST 1991
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
Sept. 13.30porT7 Novena at Asian Chaplaincy, 548 Gt. Peter Street, London SW1P 2HALTel: O712222895.
Sept. 1, 6.30p || Wiolin Sапаграпап of Arwind Jayan a London Sri Murugал ТаллPë, 78 Church Road, London Eigë.A.F.
Sept. 1, 2.00 (lo 7.00pm West London Tamil School, Wembley organises Barbecues Sports. Meef at Wembley High school Grounds, East Lane, Wembley, Midd.
Sept. 7 7.00pm Ms. Pathminl Gunaseelan of Narthana Kalalaya presents Bharatha Natya Arangetram of Sujatha, Armeera Gunalogi daugh fors of Mr. & Mrs. Sussegaarm of Edirnorsonal Logan Hal, 20 Bedford Way, London WCT Tel: 081 509
E.
Sept. 7 4.0Opr77 New York Tam Sangam holds international Tamil Dance Contest in New Brunswick High School Auditorium, New Jersey, USA for Balasaraswati Award. Tel: fFTE) 377 SSI.
Sept. BAmravasa.
Sept. 11 8.00pm Nritta by stella Џppal Subbiah at The Place Theatre, 77 Duke's Road, London WC7. Tel: 077 337 0037. Sept. 15 Y 2.30px"TI Skanda Warodaya College Old Students (U.K.) Association's Annual Lunch, A.G.M. & Variety Entertainment a Lola Jorges Hall, Greaves Place, off Garrari Lana, Lordon SWT 7 (INE Tal 08: 687. 2052, 692 (823,
Sept. 15 6.3 0prT L OF UG with Shakespeare's School of Oriental Dancing prosents with Irve music Bharatha Natyam and Kuchipudi by Ninthaperiyar Sri J. Wenkatachalapathy at Winston Churchis Hall, Pirirway, off Bury Street, Ruislip, Middx. Tel: 92322585223987, 0879510594. Sept. 16 Aa wanf Moosarm. Sept. 21 7.30pm Chundikuli - St. Johns Past Pupils Association AGM & Dinner Dance at Woodhouse Sixth Form College, Woodhouse Road, London W2. Tes: 08 200 6743, (2, 477 3529 & 07252465, Sept. 217.30pm Sutton Subrang preserts wyfyn siwe music Bharatha NatyarTn by Indhumati Srlikumar, Nasru wargam Nirthaperlyar Sri J. Venkatachalapathy & Kathak by Sushmita Ghosh at Secombe Centre, Chear Foad. SLIMO, Surrey. Te: 051 642
FFFF) 452 Sept. 21 7.30pm to 2.00am Past Bridgeteens in U.K., Annual Dinner & Dance, Forur Hola, Cromwell Road, SW7, Tall: Casissa (87 848, 9.793 & Srirralee (87 853
. Sept 22 6.30p/77 Smt. Selvallaxmi Ramakrishan of The Laxmi Arts Centre дгсsагіİs 'Natyanjali' which includes the Dance Dram
Krishna Parijatharn' as the Beck Theatre, Hayes, Middx.
Sept. 23 Full Maan, Puralath Sani (First Wegk).
Sept. 26 & 27 8.00pm Pushkala GораІ 8 Unnikrishnan present a blend of Bhrah Mayar Kathakal & Faik Dance in The arring of the Shrew" at The Place ThваІге. TAIP: 277 337 j. Sept. 28, 7.00pm West London Tamil School presents with live orchestra a 5pectrum of Bharata Natyam by Mira Balachandran - Gokular Acton Town Hall London W3. Tes; GB F-13 82gg'B41 51.g6. At the Bhawan Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London W149HQ. Tel: O71 381
OBEASE
Sept. 127.30pm G. jans, Puja & Prasād. Sept. 14700pm & Se tani Vocal by Ga Hangal. Sept. 21 7.00pm Ke Gowinda Rao, Sept. 22 6.30prn Kath & LLIrie. Eisler. Sept 27, 745рm & S ionot by A.K.C. Natal
An Arаг With a D.
Thirteer) year old SurTi a Student of WL Wayar 71 olasedhe FL лег Блliал. performa War Irsfire Tigar and of the perforari daricer frained ir) Ad: görd dili5.J5&old Hiddle; 5, dалсегиwas wgгү (гап 5. fe
56, Wallors about the had always Me/I hat fhg Style WerĖ Sisoward rii Sur77 Corangedry erfi Sumi did Change the sors friary had in h ffaired by Shrir Mahf Gili al ster Madarra BrahirT3 Iһе дast fїve yeагs. S/ bar:5 sLr sfulderfs foi cost plated their Arange БілгЛї's pgrТогтпалсg Forl77 (a fact a'r Tas ig funciors). The particip Sariri Taffhor Armbrika Th Shrirrashi Fudrani Esa дMayer, Shree Balashгі Р Dr. T. Mтаага) имаге а| of the stage frila she sp f) TE LJETE, 5 ar C klif Pusparja Jaffiskvararr), Frld Warri; anfrargy. Wery often dy changes by a perfortre sake anything up to thirt Was Wided Surf 5he perforsnød for 50 fTrough the Warrim Jin
 

Tesh Chathuthi BhA Wescore,
t: 15 6.30pm. Hindus|gubal & Krishnaa
Thatic Vocal by T.K.
ak by Sabodh Rathod
epit. 29 5.30pm Clarаjап.
getram fference é
angala SoorakurTaran drar sityse of Bharafa Ir-red5 offri wifees with rice as the CorrificBלון l Juria AIםח33 חים B E I TÉ 9 Weskryf yar Kalakshetra style mi's performance. The in her reply, 'I as a Tafra style always had
Wazu voorar style artid
регірттar5 шілder IIта! pt vегу адроа!гg, Buлі Pe impressiол!” ideas andптіsсолсерeft 77 inds. Surff was "ja Warofftayäisingham m Dancing School for 1rimah Girija already her credi who have Irarris.
Starfed punctually as Flöred in TOSİ Tamil affrg artistes Vocalist anotherarr, Vídlini5ť krishnar, Mirudargan sa haria la Flag brought to the centre oflight and introduced орелеd her performfollowed by Aarppu, ar" (Swami Me MänTe für d5 f5af COGILNYfie just before Warrari y minutes. This delay 5 даrformance whвал orghs from the stars Els s'hi fir1 infër 7 lis
TAMIL TIMES 25
sion without inferrupsions. This was a very pleasant change from the norm.
The second half of ffre prograrnir7, e cor55ed of Free Pathar 71:s Orlea of Whisch) WES Ör Lord Shiwa (Kaila Mafian) and The rex an Goddess Shakthi Adhi Parasakrti). There was a musicas interlude during which the LLLLTkLG LCLCGOLOLLL LL0L aMLL CCO aMMLLLLL LELLYLLL LLLLHGGOLOLLLOLGM L LLL MMMLOLLLaL LLLLLL singing a sang on Gaddess Shakshi,
Surmi changed info a yoLurg Maider's cosfume to perform or more or less act a part based on the WGMikrowy Tarf777 posa Bharathyar's very popular song "Sinnarchru Kyle Kannamrra". The yaung rnaiden afends o gr. Child's needs, bahgs the Child, dresses her, seeds her, plays with her and finally puts her fosleep. Wher Surf withdrew at the end of this item the audience gave her a thLiriderous apposa LuSE. SLITTI FELIPTIEČd so f'TE stage immediately and asked thern by her Abhinaya not o disturb the sleeporing child' ta the amusemerit of the audience whose applauss was rinLuth greatar lhiar the previous time. As Irfaressing ideardeed.
The las fwa iterns Jawa "Kesiyai Ponafhad" and the Thilaria were very fast and appealing. Surf performed these brilliantly List slike the ress of the items in her ArangetLOLGS LLLL LCG MLLLLLL LL LLL LLL LMHM LCLOLO L only thirteen was able to perform and depict by her Abhirtayas and Bhg was e emations of a young raiden, a young girl in love with Lord Krishra - 5utyect of ridicule among her frigrids etc. The Iralring given to har by Shrinathi Girija Varothayasingham and the assi5їапce givgл Io her by Sшmi's гло!һег — 5hrmah Lrraya Sooriakumära ortery Miss Ratnasingan) a Bharata Nayan dancer of hêr Öwr right was clearysvident in Surr's ρerforrηΗΠτE,
arrit sure hal Tary 17e7bers of the audience would agree that Surry by her performanca has pravad that she has a wery prawomising sus Lure in Bharala Nayar TT,
-- Wimal SOC kanatha.
Sculptured Elegance in Rhythm
Experience ard lalent and a fofa) dedica flörı so the fings' eller"76ers of Me Bhārata NayarT7 MGML MeLCLLML LCC LLLLC CLLLLLC0CLGGLGLLLLL of dancing performed by Anandavas as the Baden Powel House, London under the auspices of the Academy of Fing Arts con 29 Ալքից 1991,

Page 26
26 TAMIL TIMES
Anandavali made her debut with her arangetram at the age of nine and was immediately and most deservingly hailed as a child prodigy. She progressed from there under the instructions of Mylapore Gowrie Ammal and Vazhurvoor Ramaya Pillai and later was also tutored by Adayar Lakshmanan, Vazhurvoor. R. Samarraj and Udupi Laxminarayan.
Based in Sydney, Australia and heading. the fully fledged dance, school Lingalayam, Anandavalli maintains an international performance schedule. Her school and her students have won community and critical acclaim for their highly professional standard of performance and production.
Anandavalli at her Baden Powell House concert, began her performance with Vinayakkar Anjali in the traditional Hamsadhwani raga to the beat of adi, and from there went onto the more elaborate Varnan in the Natakurinji raga.
Following the intermission her repertoire included Krishna Sabdan and Shivashtakan (Mohanam) in the Kuchipudi traditions, and then resumed with Padam (Durga), and Thillana (Dhanashree) in the Bharatha Natyam traditions.
Anandavali also treated the audience to a demonstration of the various aspects of the dance and their meanings before she performed the most demanding Vanam Piece, Swami Nan Unthan Adimai. The varnam embodied the glorious virtues of Shiva the Lord of the Dance describing him as the Supreme being - the saviour, the redeemer and the compassionate one. This dance highlighted the sculpturesque poses of the many attributes of Lord Shiva.
A Brisbane newspaper once commented that Anandavalli has to dance for only a few minutes for an audience to realise she is something special. After her London performance, she left the audience without any doubt that she indeed is very special. Her artistry, portrayal and the ease with which she communicated the message of the dance was an enriching and soothing experience.
Sangeeta’s Salangaipooja
* த x
The Assembly Hall of Walthamstow echoed with the drum beats, cymbals and the coordinating jingling of the anklet bells on 15th
--- S0SEASAM S eTTLAiAAA AAAASS SMMSLALA AAAAA S AAAAAAAAqASAS AeAASA
June 1991. The occ Natya Arangefram o dent 11-years-old S & Smt. Sivagnanas Road, London E10 designed by Krisht traditional Customs the auditorium,
A very proud guru. Was Waiting to prese the critics and art lo on the stage for her and Alarippu and captivated audience toire. The choreogral evident with Sange multifaceted Varan, Sankaraparanam an The composition of t evident with Sangee the Varanan and formed the Thandav kaleidoscopic light effect. Ragini's skills were evident. She nellifluous vocalist S ajah, the talented Muthu Sivarajah on eminent violinist Dr melodious flute of manathan, the tale Balendran on the ve tipercussionist Sri. anathan On the morS
There is no doubt hours of intense and Sangeeta's parents ( to the success of the doubt that their contin help Sangeeta deve Smt. Ragini Rajagop Skills as a teacher w to promote this divin Zealand dedication ters, thereby bridging the East.
High Stre
Sri Lankan entrepre met a long felt need Addington, Surrey, t provide post office opening of this ente three-hour street pa tainers and a speec Parliament, former John Moore.
Some residents, a full scale Crown Stiles, Post Office lo it was untrue there Support a bigger C Offices in New Addi Mr. Devarajah, Travel in Thornton I view that his servic local demands an efderly folks.
Mr. Devarajah is Sri Lankan Tamils Streetenterprises a sib-post offices, gr. štations, mini-cabs counters and resta they have begun to commendable stan his is not only
':ž: - ~
 
 
 

15 AUGUST 1991
ion was the Bharatha he diminutive but configeeta daughter of Sri. ndran of 105 Essex A colourful brochure rajah along with the lcorned one and all to
Smt. Ragini Rajagopal ther third graduate to 3rs. Sangeeta stepped ebut with Pushapanjali oceeded to thrill the with her varied reperlic skills of Ragini were ta's rendering of the rm Sakiye in Ragam the Andal Thiruppavai. e rhythmic Jathis were a s speedy footwork in millana. Sangeeta perof Lord Natarajah to a nd spectacular smoke as a trained Nattuvanar as ably supported by nt. Mathini Sriskantharmultipercussionist Sri. the Mirudangam, the Lakshmi Jeyan, the Smt. Kamala Pathinted Sri. Arumugam ena and another mulKandiah Sithamparոց. that the efforts and the ledicated work put in by 'ontributed a great deal debut. There is also no ued encouragement will lop her talents further. all with her Consummate ill undoubtedly continue eart form with endless to many more youngsthe West culturally with
Manju.
it Enterprise
neur George Devarajah of the residents of New y converting his shop to facilities as well. The prise was marked by a ty with children's enterby the local Member of inister of Transport, Mr.
owever, are demanding Post Office but Roger all network manager said was enough business to fice with four sub-post gton. he proprietor of Pond eath, Surrey, was of the is will adequately meet help in particular the
ne among the younger ho have taken to High dSmall ventures such as sery shops, auto service record bars, fast-food ants. In many of these rovide services of highly
rods.
ue of London but also
several other urban Centres in the UK as well as in Canada, Australia and Western Europe, it appears that the incredible obsession Sri Lankan Tamils had all these years for careers only in the medical, engineering, public service and legal professions and later in the field of accountancy is now disappearing.
Sri Lankan grocery shops unlike the highly impersonal Supermarkets, have a welcome Cultural dimension to them. Just like the coffee shops of old of which the English poet and lexicographer, Samuel Johnson spoke much as a meeting place for conversation and the exchange of pleasantries among folks of the neighbourhood, Sri Lankan establishments have also become an extension of the families in the various localities, just like how it was in North and East Sri Lanka, developing the sense of the parish.
India Wins Nataraja Case
The House of Lords unanimously refused the petition of the Canadian company, Bumper Development Corporation for leave to appeal against the ruling of the High court, thus bringing to a successful conclusion India's battle over the Nataraja statue which had lasted 9 years. .
The Nataraja, a 12th-century bronze statue of Shiva was stolen from a temple in Tamilnadu in 1976 and was bought by Bumper Development Corporation in good faith in London. Before it could be exported to Canada, it was impounded by Scotland Yard in 1982.
The trial began in November 1986 and lasted 40 days and the landmark judgment which was given in 1988 ruled that the statue bought by Bumper was stolen from Pathur (Tamilnadu) and that the Temple and the state of Tamilnadu possessed the right to sue for its recovery. Bumper then appealed to the Court of Appeal, arguing that the courts of Britain ought not allow a Hindu God to sue in this country. Bumper further claimed that the Sovereign was the highest power in the U.K. and this was in any case a Christian Kingdom. The Court of Appeal on 13.2.90 affirmed the earlier decision and refused Bumper's application. Bumper then petitioned the House of Lords for leave to appeal to the House of Lords and this has also been refused.
The bronze idol is expected to be returned to Tamilnadu in the near future.
Continued from page 23
supposed friend is far more hurtful than the violence of the enemy. It is a fact of life that "violence begets violence' and chickens come home to roost. The above is in no way meant to condone or excuse the deed, but is meant to be an appeal to India in particular that animosity and illwill against the Sri Lankan Tamils and their struggle against Sinhala injustice, is unjust. Many homes in Sri Lankan Tamil regions are adorned with pictures of Indira Gandhi, Nehru and Gandhi, and to them, India is the motherland from vhence their ancestors came.
Violence and mistakes are but reactions to events, which must be evaluated above frail human emotions and superficial perceptions.

Page 27
15 AUGUST 1991
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TAMIL TIMES 27
醌
CITY OF LONDON colo OF HIGHER EDUCATION
9-10 The Pavement P.O. Box 481 Clapham Common London SW4 OBQ Te: O71-498 O877 Fax: O71-978 1981
HOTELMANAGEMENT. Internationally
recognised
Courses BUSNESSSTUDES
Travel & Tourism
SECRETARAL STUDES
Airline Management
ENGLISH LANGUAGE Shipping & Transport
Administration
FASHON DESIGN
Marketing, Banking,
HARDRESSING Accounting & Advertising
Computer studies & JOURNALISM Information Technology
Estate Management & Interior Design
PUBLIC RELATIONS
CLCHE is a fully accredited international Community College in London
PHILOMIN & CO
SOLICTORS FOR ALL LEGAL SERVICES
Conveyancing, Criminal Litigation, Immigration, Matrimonial, Probate Wills, Power of Attorney LEGAL AND WORK UNDERTAKEN TEL: O71-723 3018
109 Bell Street, Marylebone, London NW1 6TL
戀 agdges. Lanka
London-Colombo-London
Fares from E433
Seats Available PLUS SOMME VERY SPECIAL OFFERS FOR OUR CLIENTS ONLY:
A free meal at the Hotel Holiday inn's Alhambra Moghul Speciality Restaurant serving a wide selection of deliciously prepared Moghul dishes A free buffet meal at the famous Ran Malu restaurant at the Hotel Lanka Oberoispecialising in seafood of Sri Lanka as Well as Indian and Chinese Cuisine For bookings and instant reservations, telephone: 071-229 7686 (4 Iines)/071-229 9631 (6 Iines) 284 Westbourne Park Road, London W111 EH.

Page 28
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(sirn a faste of Para dise
الكنيسة
The best of Sri Lankan cuisine in a
tropical and relaxing atmosphere
67 Sydenham Rd. London SE26 08-676.864.
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55, RATHBONE PLACE ONDON.W.
 
 
 
 
 
 

UN WEST INTERNATIONAL
TEL: O813EE 954 FAX: O 584 8425
TEA CHEST TOCOLOMBO
E12.50 OTHER GOODSAT
F5O PER CUBIC FOOT. HIPP|W TEACHEST TOAUSTRALLA
AMERICA AND INDIA
FROM 25 2O' 40' CONTAINERS TO AND FROMSRI LANKA COLLECTION CAN BE ARRANGED FROM ANYWHERE IN THE U.K. DOOR TODOOR SER WICE IN SRI LANKA
ECONOMY FLIGHTS TO
SRI LANKA FOR ALL YOUR WORLDWIDE DESTINATIONS CONTACT
ARIOR VICTOR WECAN ARRANGE HOTELSW CAR HIRE WINSURANCE
COLOMBO OFFICE: 39, 33rd LANE WELLAWATTE COLOME30 6
TEL: 502 916 FAX: 5899OO TLX: 22270
19, Ryhope Road, London N11 DR
472, MINI suPER MARKET
WIST US FOR A FRIENDLW SER WICE
Wariety of Sri Lankar & Indian foods available retails wholesale Freshwegetables and frozen seafoods allow prices
Squid. Prawns. Shark. Crabad different kinds of lish Original Indian stainless sleelularists |Kudam Kulhuwilakku, FangersSmbL, lli. Fullu. TiO8ði, Appall Wadaandalkinds of polis
Elastir Eäl applanCCS & fancy good5 U
National & Sanyorice cookers of varying capacities. Preslie Producis, fans, El clocks. En lamps
Religious lems-Pictures o LuxrTi. Murugan. Ganapalhy. Siva Saraswathyandranessandalwood powder. Kungumam, Holy Ash Incense, Joss Sticks, DillarTip wicks. Saltron
Largeselection of Tamlaudiocassetes rew & Old releases
& Devotional Echo. Pyramid. Bhara Eagle, Gold productions
Largo spligion oli Tani, HindicompagldScs (Orienlal, A'M. Lahari. EMT
H GLLLL LLLLLE L MLMLLLLLMLLLLLL LLaaLLLL0000LLLLLLL LLaLLS
RESSETS OFTE
Tamil 8, English magazines&newspapers available for sale
285 High Street North, Manor Park, London E126SL Te: DB-471 5742 Coen y days a week וזrט9 סI וח9a Mi ridders WiFile:Corre