கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Tamil Times 1992.08

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15 AUGUST 1992
CONTENTS
Top officers killed as army takes
a heavy blow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.
LTTE to challenge Indian ban. . . . . . . . . 5 ISSN ( Bombs destroys Navajeevanam Centre. 6 ANNUAL S UK/media/Sri Lank Murder of TULF leaders recounted. . . . . 7 Australia. . . . . . . . Canada. . . . . . . . . Liberal Party on Merger of North-East...9 All other countrie
Mrs. B: Presidential candidate. . . . . ... O Publi
TAM Options for a settlement............ 12 PO, I SUTON, SU Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily UNITED those of the editor or the publishers. Phone: 0
SEEKING UNITED NAT
Only last month, the government and the defence establishment in Sri Lanka claimed that they were on the door step of the northern Jaffna peninsula following the so-called successes in the wake of 'Operation Balawegaya l' launched by the armed forces against the Tamil Tigers. Colombo-based newspapers were replete with accounts of 'victories' and the government's media flagship, the Lake House group of newspapers editorially predicted that the 'End is drawing near'.
Within days of that claim, on the government's own admission over 120 service personnel died and many more were injured and lost a vast quantity of Weapons and ammunition to the Tigers, and beCause of these losses and resistance from the Tigers the much publicised further offensive had to be delayed. On top of that came the most devastating blow ever to be suffered by the Sri Lankan forces when, on 8 August, ten of the most senior officers, including the much respected overall Commander of the Northern Region, Major General Denzil Kobbekaduwa, were killed in a Tiger triggered landmine explosion as they were engaged in preparations for the next phase of the offensive.
Although this war is very often described by both sides as a "life and death struggle, it has turned out to be more about death than life. Only last month we had occasion to comment on the fact that since the latest war broke out in June 1990 over 1,500 service personnel had been killed and 6900 maimed for life and On the LT TE Side over 2500 Cadres had been killed and an undisclosed number injured. At least there are some in both camps whose function is to count their dead and injured, and list them as 'national heroes' or martyrs'. However, life has become so senselessly cheap in Sri Lanka that no one even takes the trouble to produce a count of the tens of thousands of uninvolved innocent and
 

TAMIL TIMES 3
CONTENTS
The role of the media in a
multi-ethnic Society. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
266-4488 NewS Round-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 JBSCRPTON Sub-Continental Scene. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
...E10/USS30 . . .AusS40 Gandhi assassination probe. . . . . . . . . 21 ...CanS35 s...E15/USS30 U.K. seeks to tighten Asylum Laws. . . .22
shed by Book Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 "MES LTD
OX 121 Readers Forum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 RREY SM1 3TD KINGOOM The publishers assume no responsibility for return of 81-644 O972 unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and artwork.
ONS INTERWENTION
defenceless civilians who have paid the ultimate price with their lives in the Course of this War.
Despite the claims by both sides of a victory here and a defeat there, the question that has to be asked is: What has the government or the LTTE achieved at the end of two years and two months of War besides the death and destruction that it has entailed? Even after raising defence expenditure to twenty thousand million rupees for the purpose of prosecuting this war, can the government claim that they have militarily subdued the Tigers to the point where it can impose its will? Can the Tigers legitimately claim that they have achieved by engaging in this war more power or territory than they possessed before June 1990 when they were negotiating with the government? If a balance sheet is to be drawn, both sides have exacted a heavy price upon each other, and they have jointly and severally exacted a heavier price from the people.
What has been manifestly clear to many from the time the war broke out and which is made more obvious from recent developments on the military front is that there is absolutely no basis for the belief that there is a military solution to the conflict.
The only way out, as repeated very often in these columns, is for all concerned parties to negotiate. It may be that the suspicion and mistrust between the parties and the complexities of the domestic political situation may stand in the way of resuming negotiations. Of late the United Nations has become active in the field of conflict resolution in many countries. It is high time the good offices of the UN Secretary General and even the intervention of the UN Security Council are sought with a view to seeking a negotiated political solution to the ethnic conflict and restoration of peace with guarantees for the protection of the democratic and human rights of all the people of the island.

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4 TAMIL TIMES
Top officers Killi
as Army Takes a Hea
from Rita Sebastian in Colombo
For an already demoralised army having suffered over 150 dead in the last month alone, losing its two top rankers in the northern battlefront is a devastating blow. Both officers, Major General Denzil Kobbekaduwa and Brigadier Vijeya Wimalaratne, key figures in the war drama that was being enacted daily on the northern front, died along with eight others, seven of them officers, in a Tiger pressure mine explosion in Kayts island, off the northern Jaffna mainland on August 7.
To the army and the country, the loss seems irreparable. Both men epitomised, for those in and outside the army, a courage and a selfless dedication to duty. The late General Kobbekaduwa was that kind of rare soldier who saw beyond gaining military victories in the field. He anguished over the tremendous hardships that the people in the northeast were being put to. An anguish that led to, wherever possible, a relaxation of the often repressive strictures that became the lot of the civilian population caught between the warring sides.
It was not guns and bullets that he saw finally winning the war, but a people won over from the side of militancy. He ran into trouble with the political leadership at the initial stages of Eelam war 2, for advocating a political solution to the crisis.
What now is the question that everybody is asking. Will the military re-think its future operations in the north. If answer was needed it came quick on the heels of the killing. Defence Secretary Cyril Ranatunge said in a special communique that the military would “redouble its efforts to achieve its objective'. And that objective no doubt is to militarily marginalise the Tigers, get a political process off the ground, and return the northeast to peace and normalcy.
In the last several weeks the Tigers have shown increasing signs of wanting to exploit the vulnerability of the thinly stretched logistical lines of the Sri Lankan Security forces. They attacked two comparatively isolated army camps causing substantial losses. In the first instance they overran the listlessly guarded Kattupotha army camp killing, according to official figures, 46 soldiers and making away in the bargain with a considerable
haul of ammuni the second attac. Pirappamaduwa led outside the a lines, coinciding attack on the c soldiers were sai repulsed.
This new tre however is begi anxiety. The sect camps tend to b soldiers, special cruits have bee attack of nerves,
These reports morale must be with another un\ There have bee off, of application opposition politic the debate for emergency in that there were to fill 1000 vacar army. For a simi cies in the volu alleged, that th applications. Thi earlier enthusia: response to calls
Not long ag pubished photog cially from the queuing up to ‘clobber” the Tige dered in part by a seems to have mood seems to b takable signs of military sources tion. And going phase of operati from Tiger contr( in the second wee strategy that is li hold until the two tions in the nor Kobbelkaduwa Wimalaratne are Sri Lanka F Kingsley Wickre ment recently t had so far spent r 'senseless and co, east. But tragic neither the rulin opposition SLF attempt to bring sing the main pri Somewhat in c has taken an un

15 AUGUST 1992
led vy Blow
tion and weapons. In k 15 soldiers from the
army camp were kilrmy's forward defence
with a simultaneous amp itself which the d to have successfully
ind in the offensive nning to cause some urity forces in isolated pe jittery and several y newer and raw rein susceptible to an
of poor or sagging read in conjunction welcome development.
n reports of a falling
is to join the army. An cian, speaking during the extension of the parliament, revealed only 360 applications hcies in the Sri Lanka lar number of vacanntary force, the MP here were only 900 s contrasts with the stic, even exuberant to join the army. o the newspapers raphs of youth, speimpoverished south, join the army and rs. That mood engensort of war psychosis passed. The current e sullen, the unmis
a war fatigue. But dismiss such speculaby reports, the next ons to wrest Jaffna bl was to have begun k of August. A battle kely to be now put on o men who led operath, the late General and Brigadier V. replaced. 'reedom Party MP, maratne told parliahat the government upees 120 billion on a stly war in the northally it is a war that g party nor the main P is making any to an end by addresoblem.
lesperation the army precedented step and
declared its willingness to take back 4000 deserters. Such a step is unparalleled in the annals of most armies.
But the government seems to find that desperate situations require desperate remedies. But it has provoked the question whether the army can depend on some fickle deserters to fight the war with any success against the Tigers who are highly motivated and ruthless in their pursuit.
However there seems to be some thin consolation for the army that the Tigers are also facing a problem of low morale. There have been persistent reports recently of disgruntled ranks and perhaps even bloody factional infighting. But neither side on the verge of exhaustion seems to be capable of putting and end to the fratricidal madness. As a humanitarian aid
worker commented: 'Unless sanity
breaks out peace will be a distant dream'.
When the Parliamentary Select Committee deliberations wind up, Ceylon Workers Congress President, S. Thondaman will once again take on the role of mediator and journey north to dialogue with the Tigers. Whether he will succeed, where others failed to bring the Tigers back to the negotiating table is yet to be seen.
The Kayts incident which the Tigers have claimed responsibility for, and for which the military has its own theory of an old pressure mine having been activated by the weight of the 10 men in one vehicle, brings home more forcefully than ever that the continuing war can only inflict more casualties. Whether the mine was old or newly laid, the end result was the same. At least now, out of the nation's collective grief must emerge some positive thinking if we are to end the carnage.
Army Camp Wiped Out
At least 46 soldiers including officers were killed and 11 more injured when a heavily armed group of several hundred Tigers overran the army camp at Katupotha in the Anuradhapura district on 11 July. Before withdrawing the Tigers had set fire to the camp, armoured cars, a bulldozer and other items in the vicinity of the camp. The dead included Lieutenant Pethiyagoda and two non-commissioned officers. In subsequent press briefing, Colonel Sarath Moonesinghe conceded that af. ter wiping out the camp, the Tigers had got away with 33,413 rounds of ammunition and over 108 weapons including 80 T-56 rifles, 9 SLR rifles, 2 T-81 rifles and 19 303 rifles, and also 116 mm mortars and two radio sets.

Page 5
15 AUGUST 1992
Northern Military Comr
Killed in Landmine
The Commander of the entire northern region of Sri Lanka, Major General Denzil Kobbelkaduwa (52), Commander of Security Forces in the northern Jaffna Peninsula, Brigadier Wijaya Wimalaratne (52), and Commander of Naval Forces in the north, Commodore Mohan Jayamaha (33), were among Sri Lanka's ten senior military officers killed in a landmine explosion at Aralithurai in the Kayts Island situated to the west of Jaffna peninsula on 8 August.
Major General Kobbekaduwa was the highest ranking officer killed in the continuing battle with the Tamil Tigers who promptly claimed responsibility for causing the mine explosion. Brigadier Wimalaratne was the second Army Brigadier to be killed in the conflict. The first to be killed last year in another similar landmine explosion triggered off by the Tigers was Trincomalee Coordinating Officer Brigadier Lucky Wijeratine.
Among the other dead in the blast were several senior Army and Naval officers. Those identified were Colonels T.G.M. Ariyratne, H.R. Stephen, U.N. Palipahana and Major Nalin Alwis of the army, and two Naval Lieutenants, Lankatilleke and Wijepura.
While all the others died on the spot, Maj, Gen, Kobbekaduwa was seriously injured and was airlifted immediately following the explosion to Colombo General Hospital where he died after medical personnel had tried hard to save his life.
According to initial reports, when the incident occurred, the officers had been visiting Aralithurai in Kayts Island where the Navy maintains its northern headquarters and were returning together in a single military vehicle when it went over and actiwated a pressure mine which was lying buried undetected in the ground. The army regained control of the island of Kayts from the Tigers in a major military operation during the latter part of 1990 under the command of Brigadier Wimalaratne. Since then the island had been under the control of the combined forces of the Army and Navy and a pro-government Tamil group, Eelam Peoples Democratic Par
ty (EPDP) headed by Douglas De
vananda.
The deaths of so many senior milit
ary officers has occurred at a time when the government was planning a renewed major offensive against the Tamil Tigers in the Jaffna peninsula. The higher echelons of the armed forces are not concealing the fact that
the death of thes stituted the bigg tragedy for the would have a sha morale of the arm A former Comn forces presently liv the deaths of sucl Maj. Gen. Kobbe dier Wimalaratne rious adverse imp structures of the seriously jeopard against the Tige cause these two conversant with terrain of northe more specifically
Over 50,000 pe tical and religiou the funeral that August at the Ki Colombo.
Some of those in LTTE
From S. We NEW DELHI, Aug Tigers of Tamil E. Tamil militant o allegedly involved Prime Minister R. sination, is planni Indian Governme declaring it unlaw Informed source LTTE's functiona States and Brita cated to the New ful Activities (Ph recently.
Apparently, the a hunt for a suita
itself before the T
decide whether should be declarec
The US-based Affairs, which is : with the LTTE, is sent feelers to no and constitutiona malani to find out provide legal assis
Mr. Jethmalani ly defended the Si Gandhi's mother not available for known in legal cir conveyed to the L be in a position to
The LTTE need in India because to it by an approp

nanders Blast
e senior officers con'est loss and major security forces and ttering effect on the led forces. hander of the Armed ving abroad said that h senior officers like kaduwa and Brigawould have a seact on the command 2 army and would ise the war effort rs particularly beofficers were fully the geography and ern Sri Lanka and Jafna. ople, including polis leaders, attended took place on 10 anatte Cemetery in
the crowd resorted
... *
to slogan shouting and stone throwing directed at Government Party politicians at the cemetery, and it was reported a few persons were injured including acting State Minister for Defence, John Amaratunga and journalist Dayan Jayatilleke. There was a degree of fear and tension among the people particularly among Tamils living in and around Colombo and shops, offices and other business establishments put their shutters up very early in the afternoon and people were seen hurrying homebound.
Having fled the north and east due to the continuing war, there are more Tamils living in Colombo and the surrounding areas now than ever before. Among them and other concerned people there was a generalised sense of fear of a possible incitement to a repetition of July 1983 when thousands of Tamils were killed and their homes and properties put to the torch in an uncontrolled orgy of mob violence following a similar funeral at the same place of 13 soldiers who had been killed in a similar landmine explosion.
to Challenge Indian Ban
mkat Narayan g. 7-The Liberation elam, the separatist utfit of Sri Lanka in former Indian ajiv Gandhi's assasng to challenge the nt's notification for ful. es here say that the ries in the United in have communiDelhi-based Unlawrevention) Tribunal
LTTE has launched ble lawyer to defend tribunal, which will the organisation unlawful or not. Institute of World said to be connected understood to have ted Indian criminal lawyer Ram Jeth, if he is prepared to tance to the LTTE.
, who had incidentalkh assassins of Rajiv Indira Gandhi, was comment. But it is cles here that he has TTE that he will not
help it. s to engage a lawyer of the notices issued riate court on July 1
asking it to show cause "in writing why the militant group should not be declared unlawful under the Unawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967.
The notices were issued to the
LTTE's headquarters at Jaffna in Sri Lanka's Northern Province, its Liondon office, and to K.R. Sagar, one of its office-bearers in London.
Exactly one year after Rajiv Gandhi's brutal assassination at an election rally at Sriperumbudur near Madras in Tamil Nadu by an LTTE woman activist on May 21 last year, the Government of India issued a notification under section 3 of the UAPA, declaring the LTTE unlawful. It included LTTE members, activists, armed groups and its sympathisers working on the "Indian soil.’
The notification issued on May 14 was referred to the Statutory authority seeking an adjudication whether or not "there is sufficient cause for declaring the LTTE to be an unlawful association.' The court concerned with the matter has kept the entire records relating to the unlawful activities of the LTTE in a sealed cover. Under the UAPA, the government's decision to declare an organisation unlawful shall become final only after the court's judgement upholding the notification. Late News: The London headquarters of the LTTE announced on 10 August that the Tamil Nadu politician Mr. P. Continued on page 6
TAMILTIMES 5

Page 6
6 TAMIL TIMES
Navajeevanam Welfare & Rehabilitation Centre, situated in the vil
in the Kilinochchi District, SriLanka, with a complement of 300 residents, experienced its share of traumatic experiences, since the escalation of atrocities, 10 years ago, in the Northern Province of the Island.
On Tuesday the 30th of June 1992,
fore the normal time - 9.00pm, as there was a curfew. At 9.15pm, a plane hovered over the compound and disappeared. After a short while, at 10.00pm, again a plane was over the premises and dropped a bomb, 5 feet away from the Office Building. The Office Building, with all its contents (viz: typewriters, Roneo machines, records, account books, furniture, stationery etc.) was totally destroyed.
The Mother House adjoining the Office was occupied at the time of the incident by the Director, his wife and mother. There was extensive damage to the building, and the Director, sustained minor injuries.
In addition, buildings at a distance from the Office, varying from 30' to 100' - the Church, Apprentice Hostel, Assembly Hall, Stores and Vehicle Garage, were similarly damaged. 200 bags of Paddy and 75
all the residents in Navajeevanam retired to bed, be
lage of Murasumoddai, Paranthan; }
Bombing Destroys Navajeevanam Cent
cwts of manure v destroyed. A motor were damaged. I water pumps, spri etc., collected over damaged beyond r
An evaluation shows that the co: renovating and rep items would run Rupees. The Moth such a state, that a would bring the Therefore, we will it, and also a new
It is a pity that a ledgers, cash books relating to the cu years, have been troyed, so also arc for posterity. These able at any cost.
The Government District with his A: Village Headman, on the 1st July an selves the damage sentatives of Oxfa Cross too visited th extent help will b Government, is Even if anything is take a considerabi meantime, it is incu restore the organisa original glory, to least, so that it co serve the children,
LTTE Asked to Show Cause on
From S. Venkat Narayan
NEW DELHI, July 8 - The Government of the Southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu today issued notice to the banned Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) asking it to explain why the Indian Government's order declaring the organisation as unlawful should not be confirmed.
The notice stipulates that the LTTE's explanation should be forthcoming within the next 30 days.
The notice said that, as required under Section 4 (1) of the Unlawful Activities Act (Prevention), 1967, the Indian Government's May 14 order
Continued on page 5
Nedumaran and the leader of the PPK (Patali Makkal Kadchi) Dr. Ramadas, have filed petitions before the Tribunal challenging the ban on the LTTE.
has been referred ta Activities (Preventio adjudicating whether cient case for such a c
Mr. Justice PN N High Court constitut The notice further LTTE's written expla
sent to the Registrar
; : in Delhi.
The notice has been advertisement in tod in Madras. It is addres headquarters in the J Campus in northern LTTE’s International London, and to K.R. bearer of the LTTE in
The Indian Governn the LTTE through a May 14 for its invo brutal assassination (

15 AUGUST 1992
rere completely car and scooter mplements like yers and tools the years were pair.
of the damage
it of rebuilding, lacing damaged Into milions of er House is in
slight vibration
building down. have to rebuild )ffice Block.
:counting books, , vouchers etc., rrent and past completely deshives preserved are not replace
t Agent of the ssistant and the visited the site saw for themcaused. Reprem and the Red e site. To what be rendered by not assessable. possible, it will e time. In the Lmbent on us, to |tion, if not to its the extent, at uld continue to and those who
visit us to reside as comfortably as possible.
The next day, the 1st July 1992 was Sister Elizabeth Baker's Fifth Death Anniversary. To commemorate the event, a Sports Meeting for the Nursery children was organised for that day. The prizes for the event were packed and kept in the Office. These too were burnt. The aftermath of the previous day's events did not deter Navajeevanam Fellowship and the residents from attending the Service of Thanksgiving, for Sister Baker's life and work, and also in Thanksgiving for our protection. The service was conducted by the Executive Secretary of the Fellowship, who read . Psalm 91 and prayed that a new growth should begin from the ashes.
It is a well known fact that when incidents of this nature take place, there are a few deaths, many
casualties, with severe injuries and
pan dem o ni um exists. At Navajeevanam, none of these happened, and the residents, mostly small children were all safe and they behaved in an exemplary manner. God acts in mysterious ways, His wonders to perform.
What else can we say, except, we Pray' and "Hope' for our future, and that our friends and wellwishers will rise to the occasion, to render help bountifully.
T. Kirupanantharajah, Director, Navajeevanam Fellowship, Paranthan, Sri-Lanka, 6th July 1992.
o the Unlawful n) Tribunal for there was suffileclaration.
ag of the Delhi es the Tribunal. said that the nation should be of the Tribunal,
published as an ay's newspapers ssed to the LTTE affna University Sri Lanka, the | Secretariat in Segar, an office
London.
ment has banned
notification on lvement in the of former Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi at an election meeting at Sriperumbudur near Madras on May 21 last year, and for trying to destabilize this country by helping local secessionist militant outfits in several states.
On May 20 this year, the LTTE was charged with the conspiracy and murder of Mr. Gandhi in a chargesheet filed by the special investigation team (SIT) of the Indian Government's Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
LTTE’s founder-leader Velupillai Prabhakaran and his intelligence chief Pottu Amman head the list of 41 people accused in the Gandhi assassination case. Twentysix Sri Lankan Tamils figure in the list, while the remaining 15 accused are Indians.
Of the 41, 12 have been listed as dead. The dead include Dhanu, the woman suicide-bomber, who had detonated an explosive device worn by her in a belt, killing herself, Mr. Gandhi, and 15 others on the spot.

Page 7
15 AUGUST 1992
Sivasithamparam Recounts Murder of TULF Leaders
TULF President, M. Sivasithamparam asked the killers of Amirthalingam and Yogeswaran to tell the world their reason for slaying them.
They have not told the world why they gunned down the two TULF stalwarts', Mr. Sivasithamparam told the third conmemoration meeting held at the TULF Colombo office in Havelock Town recently.
He said the killers had
told them they had been .
sent by the LTTE command to talk Tamil unity.
"They came as our guests. They called us friends. They ate the biscuits Mrs. Yogeswaran served them. They drank the tea she poured. They discussed Tamil unity. They got up to place their cups on the table. They put their hands into their pockets and pulled out their revolvers and shot at us', he said.
Mr. Sivasithamparam is the only surviving eyewitness to that killing which took place at the Buller's Roadhouse where they lived. He was also shot at but survived.
He said the three killers who were shot and killed by Mr. Amirthalingam's two bodyguards and a Sinhala policeman on guard duty used weapons that could have blown up the house.
It is because of the courage of the two guards and the policeman that the others who lived in that house are living today, he said.
ʻWhy did they kill Amirthalingam and Yogeswaran?' he asked.
Because they worked for
the Tamils? Because they helped work out a solution to the Tamil problem? Because they wanted all Lankans to live in this country with dignity and honour?"
He said Amirthalingam had worked to eliminate discrimination against Tamils. He had also taken up the cause of the Tamils of Indian origin, of the Muslims and the oppressed sections of the Sinhalese.
LSSP Leader, Bernard Soysa said Shri Lanka should find a solution to the ethnic problem. These killings must stop'.
"Are we going to carry this barbarism into the 21st century?" he asked.
SLMC Leader, M.H.M. Ashraf said Muslims of the east and north had lived in amity with the Tamils for centuries. Mr. Amirthalingam had fought for the rights of the Muslims even : when Muslim leaders were silent.
'On this death anniversary of Mr. Amirthalingam let us resolve to work out an amicable scheme to give the Muslims in the north and east their rights. The SLMC is talking with the Tamil parties about it. We should succeed. We should not permit the talks to fail', he said.
Hindu Religious Affairs State Minister P. Devaraj said the Tamils and the Muslims should not waste time discussing trivialities. They agreed on major points and should build on that he said.
Mr.T.Thangathurai, former MP for Mutur, proposed the vote of thanks.
Christian Council Urges Negotiated Settlement
The National Christian Council of Sri Lanka is dismayed and greatly distressed that parties to the conflict in our country have now apparently abandoned faith in the possibility of a
political settlement and seem determined to seek a military victory. We see this as a setback to any permanent solution that may be possible. At this critical juncture we are

TAM TIMES 7
especially concerned about the traumatic effect it has
on innocent civilians. In the
light of this the National Christian Council of Sri Lanka at its meeting of June 29 1992 decided to
make an urgent appeal to
the Government of Sri
Lanka and the LTTE. An
appeal by the National
Christian Council of Sri
Lanka stated:
While once again stronglly imploring the parties to the conflict to seek a process of meaningful negotiation for a political settlement, we appeal that the following be implemented to ease the dehumanising effects of this disastrous
War.
We appeal to the LTTE to ensure that: they do not endanger civilians by retreating into (or by parking their vehicles nearby) kovils, temples, mosques, churches, hospitals, schools or other public buildings,
and lift travel restrictions on people living in areas controlled by them (including residents of the island who wish to return to their homes).
We appeal to the government to ensure that: essential medicines be sent to the hospitals in the North, all indiscriminate shelling and bombing be halted immediately and at least one easily accessible exit/entry point from the peninsula be continuously kept open for unhindered civilian traffic and military action does not target any place of worship, hospitals, residential areas, schools and other public buildings, especially where the government has requested the population to take refuge, the release added.
Moreover, we earnestly appeal both to the government and the LTTE to state clearly the scope of its negotiating approach.
Displaced in Jaffna Swell to 350,000
The number of displaced persons in the Jaffna district had increased to nearly 350,000 from 70,000 families, Jaffna Government Agent, K. Manickawasagar said on 21 July.
He and Jaffna Regional Director of Education, R. Sundaralingam are now on an official visit to Colombo.
Mr. Manickawasagar said there was a severe shortage of kerosene, coconut oil and soap in Jaffna.
The GA said he held talks on 20 July with Additional Rehabilitation Commissioner, Charitha Ratwatte and informed him of the latest situation. Mr. Ratwatte had assured to take early steps to send 1000 barrels of kerosene and 200 barrels of coconut oil to Jaffna by ship.
The GA pointed out that this oil was extremely essential in Jaffna because there was no electricity there. As land transport through Kilinochchi had been blocked, Jaffna depended on ships, for all requirements.
The Director of Education is in Colombo to organise the holding of G.C.E. (A.L.) examination in Jaffna scheduled to start on August 1, the GA said.
The answer scripts and other stationery had already been sent. Question papers will be sent by air before July 26, he added.
He said he had submitted to the President's Secretary estimates of the damage to the temple in Tellippalai in May during a military operation, as instructed, he added.
DWC Supports N-E Merger
The Democratic Worker's Congress (DWC) while accepting the four-point solution submitted by the Tamil parties supports the merger and thereby creation of a single provincial
administration in the merged North-Eastern Province. This will not only solve the ethnic question but also safeguard the unity of the country in the long
Continued on page 9

Page 8
8 TAM TIMES ·
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Page 9
15 AUGUST 1992
Continued from page 7 run, a press release by the DWC states.
The campaign by certain racist politicians for the delinking of the present North-Eastern Province and for re-demarcation of the East are out of partial understanding of the whole issue or due to political bankruptcy. These quarters say that provinces should not be carved on ethnic lines and frighten the whole
nation by claiming that
such an act will only lead to ultimate division of Sri Lanka.
But on the contrary, only a separate northern provincial administration may lead to the creation of Eelam due to its huge Tamil majority. A panTamil northern province will only further fan racial polarisation in the country and end up in a situation similar to that of Yugosla
via and Czechoslovakia. But on the other hand Tamil north merged with multi-ethnic east will be a multi-ethnic and multireligious province. This multi-ethnicity will naturally reflect in the provincial assembly and cabinet and checkmate any ultra nationalist behaviour of the provincial administration, the release added.
All institutional arrangements for the safeguard of the rights of the minorities in the merged North-East can be sorted out in no time once this unit to devolution is finalised. If Tamil and Muslim "minorities' in all other seven provinces can live peacefully it is only illogical to presume that "minorities' in North-East cannot live in the same manner. However, this is possible only if an honourable peace is brought about in the merged North-East.
35 Soldiers and Policemen Killed in Tiger Attacks
gf
LTTE cadres killed upto 35 soldiers and policemen in two sudden strikes in Trincomalee and Batticaloa on 29 July.
An estimated 40-strong Tiger force ambushed a route clearing patrol being conducted jointly by the Police and Army Special forces troops on the Polonnaruwa-Batticaloa Road between the villages of Navaladi and Meeyankulam at about 8.30am, security sources disclosed. A joint operations command communique said 26 policemen and Special Forces troops had been killed in this ambush when the Tigers had attacked with machine guns, small arms and rocket propelled grenades.
B ut la ter reports reaching Colombo said that upto 30 security personnel had been killed by the superior firepower of the Tigers before Army reinforcements reached the area. The fierce confrontation had lasted for more than half an hour, sources said.
Six soldiers and two policemen were wounded. I
In the early hours of July 29 morning a more than 100-strong LTTE force stage d simultan e ou s attacks on two police posts in the two neighbouring hamlets of Sambalthivu and Athimotte in the Trincomalee district.
The Tigers launched their attacks on these two police posts, which are located within 800 metres apart, about 1.00am according to security sources. Four policemen and one home guard were killed in these attacks. Two policemen were wounded.
The Senior Superintendent of Police, Trincomalee, Chandra Perera has ordered astrong police contingent to this area. The army has also sent troop reinforcements for a search operation, sources said.
Tiger casualties in these confrontations were not known, sources said.
The two attacks came af. ter the LTTE high com

TAM TIMES 9
mand had urged their area leaders in the region to step up attacks to divert the military's attention from Jaffna.
Military sources said the
security forces were "thin on the ground' in the East because many troops had been redeployed for operations against the Tigers in the north.
Liberal Party on Merger of North-East
The Liberal Party was willing to support a combined North-Eastern Province provided adequate arrangements were made to ensure autonomous units for the Muslim and Sinhalese minorities within the province and to ensure that the rights of all individuals were adequately protected.
This was what the Liberal Party representatives told a delegation of six Tamil political parties who discussed the latter's fourpoint peace plan at the Liberal Party office on July 1 according to a statement issued by the Party.
The delegation consisted of representatives of the TULF, EPRLF, TELO, EDF, DPLF and ACTC.
The statement said: "The Liberals informed the Tamil representatives that any new package of devolution should be implemented through the enactment of a new, federal constitution as the failure of the 13th amendment had made clear the difficulty of meaningfully devolving power under the current unitary constitution.
The Liberals urged the Tamil parties to reflect on the need for a determined division of the power of state if devolution is to become a reality and urged them to advocate the strengthening of fundamental rights and the creation of a second chamber for this purpose'.
The statement said the Liberals also strongly deplored the racist and populist campaign against a reasonable settlement of the ethnic conflict based upon the notion that a combined North-East province was in no circumstances acceptable.
To achieve this objective, the Liberals urged the Tamil parties to arrive at a common position with the SLMC.
The statement said: "Although the Liberal Party would prefer devolution to nine provinces including a multi-ethnic Eastern Province, the Liberal representatives told the Tamil delegation that they would support a combined NorthEast subject to the above conditions.
Muslims Never Obstructed Tamil Struggle', - SLMC Leader
The Parliamentary Select Committee on the NorthEast issue met again on July 29 and 30 for another round of discussions to find a negotiated solution to the ethnic conflict.
A spokesman for one of the seven Tamil parties said he hoped they would soon reach an agreement with the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) on the merger issue.
Talks between the SLMC and the seven parties would resume in August after
some TULF leaders at present in India return to Sri Lanka.
EPRLF senior member
Loganathan Ketheeswaran is now in New Delhi. According to sources, he is expected to hold talks with central government officials.
Meanwhile the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) Leader, M.H.M. Ashraffrecently assured a gathering of Muslims displaced from Mullaitivu, Vavuniya and
Continued on page 10

Page 10
10 TAMILTIMEs
Continued from page 9
Jaffna that his party would ensure their right to live peacefully in their original homes, in SLMC's talks with the seven Tamil political parties on the NorthEast issue.
The SLMC convened a seminar at the party office recently to discuss the issue of the future of Jaffna Mus
lims in sharing power in the
North and the East.
Speaking to nearly 200 Muslim representatives from Jaffna, Mullaitivu and Vavuniya, Mr. Ashraff said his party would never forget the plight of Muslims who were chased out by the LTTE from their traditional homes in the northern districts.
He said the Muslims in Jaffna had never obstructed the liberation struggle of the Tamil people. But, he said the LTTE mercilessly drove them out from Jaffna with only two
hour's notice after robbing them of all their valuables.
Mr. Ashraff said this shameful and cowardly act of the Tigers reversed the political liberation of the Tamil and Muslim people in the North and the East.
The SLMC Leader said weapons and political groups alone could not bring peace to the North and East. Harmony and goodwill among the different communities should be restored to ensure a meaningful and peaceful solution to the crisis.
He said although the Tamils and Muslims spoke the same language they belonged to two distinct communities and had the right to enjoy equal rights. On this basis, he said, the SLMC was striving to build up good relations between Tamils and Muslims in the East.
Several other SLMC officials also spoke at the meeting.
14 Army Men to be Court Martialled
Fourteen of the soldiers who allegedly took part in the Kokkadichcholai massacre of Tamil civilians are to be court martialled shortly a senior army officer has said.
He said investigations were nearing completion while the fourteen were being detained at the army camp in Ratnapura.
On July 13, last year, 67 civilians were killed allegedly by some members of the Army in retaliation for the killing of two soldiers in a land mine explosion at Batticaloa.
A commission headed by a judge was appointed to probe the massacre and its report was later presented to the Cabinet.
Among the commission's recommendations accepted by the Cabinet is the pay
ment of Rs. 5.25 million as compensation to the families of the victims.
The Cabinet also decided to accept the recommendation on the desirability of taking action under military law. The commission made this recommendation because there was no evidence against any particular soldier or any kind of identification to enable prosecution before a civil court, informed sources said.
The Cabinet also accepted a third recommendation which requires military authorities to give clear instructions to soldiers not to indulge in or execute extra-military or non-military acts.
In all 17 army personnel were initially taken into custody in connection with this massacre.
Mrs. B: Opposition's Common Candidate for President
The six-party opposition alliance led by the Sri Lanka Freedom Party has
named Sirimavo Bandar. anaike as its candidate for the next presidential elec

15 AUGUST 1992
tion, when it is held.
Despite President Ranasinghe Premadasa’s declaration that he will not call for presidential elections until his term ends in December 1994, the opposition is preparing to face a possible snap election.
Most of the opposition parties, including the powerful SLFP, have agreed in principal on the need for unity to insure victory in the next election. However, the alliance's decision will not insure the support of the entire opposition for Bandaranaike.
Major Parties
Apart from the SLFP, with its 67 seats, the only other opposition party represented in Parliament is the MEP, with 3 seats in the 225-member house.
Other major parties, including the new DUNF, a breakaway group of the ruling United National Party and the Tamil and Muslim parties, have not made up their mind on the opposition candidate.
The alliance has also decided to launch countrywide campaigns, including protest movements, to highlight the faults of the government. Although it is attempting to strengthen unity, most analysts believe that its unity could break any moment because of the leadership issue.
The only person who commands respect among the various opposition parties is Bandaranaike, 77, a former Prime Minister. But ill health could prevent her from running.
In that eventuality, her son Anura would likely be the SLFP choice. However, many in the party, including his sister Chandrika Kumaranatunge, are reported not in accord with him.
Senior DUNF leaders like former ministers Lalith Athulathmudali and Gamini Dissanayake are said to be also reluctant to accept Anura, 43, as the common candidate. Thus, the opposition might invite an outsider like the Sarvodaya leader, A.T. Ariyaratne, to run. But it is doubtful that all the opposition groups would agree to his candidacy.
The SLFP leadership is also not likely to allow its organizational structure to be used for the benefit of a non-SLFP candidate. Some see this as an advantage to Prema dasa, who has already announced that he will seek a second term.
Premadasa, who was elected for a six-year term in December 1989, has nearly three years more unless the verdict on the election goes against him. Even if he is unseated by the Supreme Court, the UNP is likely to renominate him.
Disappearance of 31 Students
Arrest of 7 Army Men and School Head lmminent
A senior military officer, six soldiers and a school principal are to be taken into custody in connection with the disappearance of 31 schoolboys from Embilipitiya during the height of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) terrorist activities.
They are to be taken in following several months of painstaking investigations carried out by two special teams of officers of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) on the orders of President Rana
singhe Premadasa. The investigations were carried out over the past few months by the teams of special officers, who had fanned out into severl areas in a hunt for those responsible for the disappearances.
The disappearances of the boys aged between 1720 years, during the period between August 1989 to January 1990, led to much criticism of the Government and the subject was raised twice in Parliament as well as among interna

Page 11
15 AUGUST 1992
—-
tional human rights groups.
The CID detectives who moved out into the villages of the Embilipitiya area had subsequently carried out extensive investigations in the Moneragala, Matara, Kuruwita, Balangoda and Ratnapura areas and had questioned teachers, students, farmers and Bhikkhus and other religious dignitaries among others.
The disappearances
which followed the abductions of the students by men in camouflaged uniforms were reported to have taken place over the opposition of the students to a love affair between a girl and a relative of a school teacher. Several students and military personnel who reportedly saw the abducted students in a military camp in the Embilipitiya area, too, had been questioned by the CID sleuths.
Govt. Measures Serve Only a Cosmetic Purpose - Asia Watch
A leading rights organization says reforms to prevent abuses by security forces in Sri Lanka had yet to show results.
Even today, with the new agencies in place ostensibly to act against government offences, Asia Watch said it found Sri Lankan citizens "still face serious difficulties in attempting to protest against human rights violations by the state.’
In a report released recently entitled "Human Rights Accountability in Sri Lanka, Asia Watch said it welcomed intiatives taken by Colombo following the Sri Lanka aid Consortium meeting of October 1990, to protect human rights. But it said “the real test would be when victims of human rights abuse could make complaints against the security forces without fear of retribution.'
Asia Watch has issued reports on Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, China and other countries in the region. It occasionally gives testimony in Congress, briefs interested Congressional staff people, and critiques the State Department's annual human rights report.
The 78-page report looks at the many agencies that were established by Colombo to address international criticism of its rights record, and to assure the U.S. that it is trying to prevent violations by security forces.
These new initiatives
came after 10 years of violence in which militants and the government have been involved in killings, Asia Watch said.
“Successive governments in Sri Lanka, adopting the tactics of their armed opponents, purged suspected sympathizers of the various guerrilla groups, it said, and were involved in disappearances of individuals and extrajudicial executions.
As the war with Tamil militants in the northeast drags on, and the fear of a resurgence of militant activity in the south haunts officials, it said, "it has become clear that the Government’s strategy only made things worse'.
“Even if individuals overcome the logistical difficulties offiling complaints about government violations, those who lodge petitions with the Supreme Court or lawyers acting on their behalf can face harassment, intimidation or even death.'
The chances of any mem. bers of the security forces
actually being convicted as
a result of complaints are dim, Asia Watch says, and even in the rare cases where any are found guilty, their sentences are ofter not enforced.
The report is based or information collected dur ing the organization's mis sion to Sri Lanka last De cember. It said "indiscrimin ate bombing in Jaffna peninsula' continued in that month, according to a

săik
TAML TIMES 1
journalist source.
Since June 1990, the report said, army planes and helicopters have done untold damage' through bombing and strafing Jaff. na in 1990 and 1991.
Even as it accused militants of massacring hundreds of Muslim civilians and others, Asia Watch zeroed in on "many of the tens of thousands of disappearances reported in recent years' following "roundups of large numbers of people suspected of links to militant groups.'
And while young men were the primary targets of these operations, it said, women, children and elderly men have also been reported among the missing.
In some cases, hundreds of people at a time have been taken by security forces; many subsequently disappear.'
After the aid consortium of Western donors met in October 1990, and after added U.S. pressure, when Congress moved to the foreign aid bill for fiscal year 1992-93, Colombo set up a special task force on human rights.
In addition, the All-Party
Congress is completing a proposal to establish a national human rights commission with wide jurisdiction to document, monitor and protect human rights.
The task force has "little to show in terms of concrete results' as of May 1992, Asia Watch says in its report. It made similar criticism of other government agencies, though it commended the government for setting them up.
The problem of accountability is aggravated by the plethora of units within the police force, Asia Watch says. People are moved from one police station to another without records being kept and without any clear responsibility being fixed for the safety of detainees, it says citing examples.
"It is not enough to point to an impressive array of laws and institutional mechanisms adopted to protect and promote human rights, the organization said. Unless these laws and mechanisms are effectively implemented, "the introduction of such measures will serve only a cosmetic purpose, it declared.
Thugs Attack Journalists
Local and foreign journalists, who covered the launching of the DUNF's campaign to collect a million signatures against the government, were severely assaulted by thugs near Fort station recently in what DUNF leader Lalith Athulathmudali charged was a blatant attack on the freedom of the press.
The thugs, armed with knives and pistols attacked Lankadeepa photographers Lalith Weliwitigala, Harry Dikk um bura, Reuter photographer Anuruddha Lokuhapuarachchi, Waruna Kularatine of the Wiz News, Rawaya reporter Sudath Malaveera and Divaina photographer Sri Lal Gomes after grabbing their cameras and notes.
Addressing a hurriedly called news conference af. ter the attack, DUNF lead
er Lalith Athulathmudali said, a group of about 15 thugs had disrupted the peaceful protest campaign, attacked the journalists and damaged their cameras. A crowd of about 1000 was present when this incident took place. Following the attack by the thugs more people signed the petition, Lalith Athulathmudali told newsmen.
Mr. Athulathmudali charged, the attack on journalists was an attack on the freedom of the press and an attack on democracy in Sri Lanka.
The Secretary of the Working Journalists' Association, Ariyananda Dombagahawatta condemned the attack on journalists and vowed joint action to protest against such incidents.

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
The Ethnic Conflict
Options for a Settle
- Shanthi -
While the war between government forces and the LTTE is continuing, the main question that has focused the attention of many concerning any eventual resolution of the ethnic conflict is whether the northern and eastern provinces should be merged into a single territorial unit to constitute a single Provincial Council.
In the course of the discussion of this topic, what is often forgotten is that at present the two provinces have already been legally merged and remains a single territorial unit.
Whatever view one may hold about the surrounding circumstances in which the much maligned Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of July 1987 was entered into, despite its inherent flaws and inadequacies, no one can deny the Agreement's historic significance. At a time when the major political parties representing the Sinhalese people and the politically influential Buddhist clergy were not prepared even to think beyond district councils as a basic unit of devolution, the Agreement enabled the birth of the Provincial Council system of autonomy, and there appears to be little doubt that the essential provisions of the Agreement and the consequential 13th amendment to the island's constitution that gave legislative force to the establishment of Provincial Councils would remain the bedrock upon which future solution will be built, whether with improvements or not.
Opportunity Lost
The opportunity offered for a rational solution following the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement was unfortunately not taken up. If the LTTE's confrontation with the IPKF had not commenced and had not the LTTE stood in the way of implementing the Provincial Council system, it would have been in operation for five years by now and one would have been able to judge as to what extent it was able to meet the aspirations of the Tamil speaking people and solve the ethnic problem. Besides, the question whether the North-East should remain merged or not would have been settled, and it would no longer have been a contentious issue as it has now turned out to be. More importantly, the loss of tens of thousands of lives, the displacement of over a million people and the des
truction and devast East during the frontation and th scale war that brok between the LTT government forces avoided.
The attempt to vincial Council sy East in the teeth o tion of the LTTE pr The elected Nort Council administra the departure of th because the Preside legal power to diss Council, theoreti administration wa tinue to exist. The then in negotiation sa government insi cil be dissolved, anc further amendmen isting law was en the President to d Council which he Upon dissolution, t of the North-East was vested in the Nalin Seneviratne) function to this day
The Right Questi
It will therefore right question now northern and easter be merged, but w established and p North-East Provin merged/delinked or in law for the dem the North and Ea through a referend and until it is hel cannot be changed.
However, the wal June 1990 betwee and the LTTE ar tinuing to this da transpired since the have given the opp to question the ver North-East Provin all-party Parliame mittee (PSC) whi trusted with the ta and means of solvi. flict is at present g very question.
Composed as it is Parliament belongi)
 

ment
ation in the NorthIPKIF-LTTE con2 subsequent fulle out in June 1990 and Sri Lankan could have been
mplement the Protem in the Northf the armed opposioved a total failure. h-East Provincial tion collapsed with he IPKF. However, nt did not have the olve the Provincial cally the elected s deemed to conLTTE which was with the Premadasted that the Counl for this purpose a t to the then exacted empowering issolve the elected subsequently did. he administration Provincial Council Governor (General
who continues to
O
be seen that the is not whether the n provinces should hether the legally resently existing 2e should be denot. The procedure erger/delinking of tern Provinces is um in these areas, d, the status quo
that broke out in
the government d has been cony and what has n would appear to rtunity and cause idea of a merged ial Council. The tary Select Comh has been enk of finding ways g the ethnic conappling with this
with Members of g to various poli
15 AUGUST 1992
tical parties with different stances on this question, so far there appears to be little prospect for a consensus within the PSC for a solution based on a merged North-East Provincial Council.
While promising to implement any consensus emerging from the PSC, President Premadasa has recently drawn attention to his party's (United National Party - UNP) election manifesto which was not in favour of a merged North-East Province. Having initially given the green light to Thondaman's peace proposals which favoured merger, the President has of late also adopted a rather ambivalent position.
Opposition Stance
The Sri Lankan Freedom Party (SLFP) is opposed to the merger, and so are the other small Sinhala-based parties. Of recent origin is a group called "Helaurumaya' within the SLFP representing extremist Sinhala chauvinist views which is seeking to intimidate the SLFP leadership into adopting its own views. As far as the LSSP, CP and NSSP are concerned, they would support any reasonable solution with or without merger so long as they are acceptable to the Tamil parties.
The Tamil political parties represented in parliament, other non-LTTE Tamil militant groups and Thondaman's Ceylon Workers Congress regard the merger of the North-East as a fundamental pre-requisite for a resolution of the problem. Opinion among those representing the Muslims seem to be divided - while some have expressed strong opposition to the merger, the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress which has considerable influence among the Tamil-speaking Muslims in the eastern province continues to favour a merged North-East Province within which they seek constitutional arrangements for an autonomous Muslim Council encompassing areas where they form a majority.
Tamil-Muslim Relations
In addition to the varying positions among political parties on the question of merger of the North-East, perhaps the most important issue that has cropped up since June 1990 is the relationship between the Tamil and Muslim communities. The concept of the Tamil-speaking people' (encompassing the Tamils and Muslims who spoke the same language) was basic to the demand of the North-East being the "traditional homeland of the Tamilspeaking people' and the consequential justification for a merged autonomous North-East territorial unit.

Page 13
15 AŬGUST 1992
When the merged North-East Provincial Council was established following the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement and the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, the vast majority of Muslim people particularly in the North-East welcomed and supported it. So much so, the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress participated in the Provincial Council election held in November 1989 and became the second largest party in the then newly constituted Council in the North-East.
However, the happenings since the June 1990 war have seriously and almost irredeemably damaged the relations between the Tamil and Muslim communities. The attacks upon Muslim civilians including a series of brutal massacres in mosques in the east, in purported retaliation to alleged collaboration by some individual Muslims with government forces, the attacks upon and massacre of innumerable Tamil civilians by so-called Muslim homeguards, armed, trained, aided and abetted by the security forces, the cruel and forcible driving out by the LTTE of tens of thousands of ordinary defenceless Muslim families from Jaff. na, Mannar and other northern areas, and the sectarian killings and counterkillings that still continue in the east have brought about a situation in which the once tenable, albeit tenuous, concept of a "Tamil speaking people' encompassing the Tamil and Muslim communities is no longer sustainable.
The Options
It is against this tragic and divisive backdrop that any solution to the question of autonomy for the people of the North-East which is co-terminus with the resolution of the national question has to be considered. In this consideration, if one were to take into account the relationship of forces internally, regionally or internationally, the demand for a separate state as advanced by the LTTE is to be ruled out as that is not a route to a solution in the present context or in the foreseeable future, but a sure guarantee for an interminable and intractable war of self-destruction.
The LTTE has repeatedly called for direct negotiations with the government, and if at any time the government responds positively, it must be realised that the talks certainly would not be about drawing up the boundary lines between Sri Lanka and the separate state of Eelam. They will have to be about autonomy or devolution of powers and about remedial measures for the redress of other grievances and the arrangements about achieving them. Unless the LTTE's position is that their demand for a separate state
is non-negotiabl calls for talks would seem m later, the LTTE to present their settlement eithe or in response to puts forward.
There are two sently on the ta the Parliamenta Firstly, the one political parties seeks a settleme following four p(
1. Permanen ern and Eas 2. Meaningf nifies autonc 3. Institutio safeguard th in the North 4. Necessary sure that th the North ar rights as t Sinhala majo
The second ol cussion by the liamentary Sele ably with the co Premadasa prov
1. Two elect Councils for the adminis pertaining 1 Eastern P attended to cils. 2. An Apex . at a joint in members of ern Provinc Assembly wi cies and co relevant to t 3. More me, devolved to t and the Ape fication of all by the comm 4. A Nationa tuted consist to meet no dent, Cabine sentatives ol parliament; the Chambe. harmony an the Centre Units. 5. Until the come into be nistration f Eastern Pro lished with tical parties Parliament.

TAMIL TIMES 13
e, in which case their with the government aningless, sooner or will of necessity have preferred options for a r on their own volition what the government
options that are preble for discussion by ry Select Committee. placed by seven Tamil and the CWC which nt on the basis of the vints:
t merger of the Northern Provinces; ul devolution that sigmy; nal arrangements to e rights of the Muslims
and East; and
arrangements to ene Sinhala minority in ld East enjoy the same he minorities in the ority provinces.
ption presented for disChairman of the Parct Committee, presumincurrence of President vides for:
ed separate Provincial
the North and East; tration of all matters to the Northern and rovinces would be by the respective Coun
Assembly to be elected meeting of the elected he Northern and Eastial Council; the Apex }uld plan common poliordinate programmes he two Councils. aningful powers to be he Provincial Councils x Assembly, and rectigrievances presented unities.
Chamber to be constiing of Chief Ministers nthly with the Presit Ministers and repreopposition parties in the main function of would be to establish coordination between and the Peripheral
elected Councils duly ing, an Interim Admir the Northern and vinces is to be estabepresentatives of poli
within and outside
Main Difference
The main difference between the two options is that the first one envisages a merged North-East Provincial Council under which institutional arrangements, meaning separate subcouncils, are made to safeguard the rights of the Muslim people, whereas the second option does not provide for a straightforward merger, but seeks to achieve the same objective in a practicall way through an Apex Assembly. The balance of population mix - 43 percent Tamils, 33 percent Muslims and 21 percent Sinhalese - in the Eastern Province is such that no single community can seek to dominate the other, and therefore the second option does not see the need for separate arrangements to safeguard the rights of Muslims.
The advantage some see in the second option in comparison to the first one is that, while it may also placate those elements who are totally against the merger of the two provinces, at the same time it will prevent the “Balkanisation” of the eastern province into small territorial ethnic enclaves which will be the case if Muslim majority areas, which are not physically contiguous with each other, are constituted into Muslim Councils, a development some fear may produce a recipe for institutionalising communal tensions in the long term.
Whatever may be the merits or demerits of the two options, what is important is that serious discussions must take place among all concerned parties, including the LTTE, without delay if the continuing blood-letting, death and devastation are to be brought to an end.
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Page 14
14 TAMIL TIMES
Fourth Kanthasamy Memoria
The ROle Of the M in a Multi-Ethnic SC
(Continued from last issue).
Today, I shall limit my observations to the national press, which should reflect the social and political climate of the country. If one surveys this medium, one would recognize the framework that defines its journalism. Often, whatever appears will indicate the news value of the paper. Further, in the presentation of information, a newspaper reveals its biases the way stories are organized on the pages. A similar trend may be detected when analysing the entire content of a publication, for which one should identify the regular sources of news, the group that the news benefits, the events that are covered regularly, the direction that the information flows, and the subjects frequently covered.
The language used by reporters in their coverage of events is relevant, too; newspapers can be classified accordingly. Those that choose sensationalism in their headlines and in the exposition of the story place a higher premium on the emotional content of the event than the actual facts. Such reporting is considered tabloid journalism. On the other hand, there are newspapers of record, which take on the role of instant historians, attempting to collect and present facts seriously. And when comparing the two, the latter is more credible.
Unfortunately, the Sri Lankan press does not have this distinction clearly demarcated. And what the public reads in the mainstream press is an amalgam of the two styles. Here are examples of a national newspaper choosing emotive language in its editorial. The two quotes are taken from an English publication:
a) '(The Country's) freedom has been sanctified by the blood of some of the brave security forces and the peace-loving law-abiding citizens who have been murdered by the treacherous attack of the terrorists.'
b) “There is not the slightest doubt that all patriotic, law-abiding citizens, and they are by far the largest majority in the country, will be solidly behind the government now engaged in putting down terrorism and violence that a minority has unleashed upon the country.'
Both opinions ha the Tamil militancy the Times of Ceylon on April 6th and 7t paper was alignin status quo against surgency is clearly abuse it heaps on th choice of language ic as bad, evil, while t this case the State a tives, as good. This sion to cover domest ances vas replicate militancy emerged.
To elaborate, let report by the Counc Harmony Through organization studiec events in all three la ers around the tim 1981 communal viole it said in its conclu the Sinhala langua included the Dina Davasa, Rivirasa, 1 Sri Lankadeepa:
"It is well known has an opinion c determines the co rials, news selecti these opinions b rigid, it inhibits communicating a tion. It is a situat that we have Sinhala dailies. . . of news related Tamil issue. In th is no basis for T ....What is com: is anti-TULF, aganda. . . .When was discussed in F reported in such a vital information impression that t sponsible. . . .Son same purpose of I opinion, the new lete sections from the Head of the June they attem Sinhala public i. really happened May 31st to June
A few years afte Martin Wickramasir Sri Lankan literatur titled “Our Cultura

edia ciety
ve no bearing on They appeared in on the first page h, 1971. That this itself with the the JVP-led inevident by the e insurgents. The entifies one group he other group, in nd its representaManichean obsesc political disturbwhen the Tamil
me cite from a il For Communal The Media. This the coverage of Lnguage newspaple of the August 2nce. Here is what ding comments of age press, which mina, Silumina, Lankadeepa, and
that each paper of its own, which intent of its editoon, etc. But when ecome extremely the function of ccurate informaion of this nature observed in the in their reporting to the Sinhalaeir opinion, there 'amil grievancesmunicated rather Lnti-Tamil propthe June violence 'arliament, it was way to keep the out, and give the he TULF was reetimes for the ushing their own spapers even dethe statements of State. . . .In early oted to keep the norant of what in Jaffna from 3rd.'
the 1958 riots, ghe, the doyen of , wrote an essay, Problems and
15 AUGUST 1992
Anthropology', where he argued that “Politics encourages us to exploit dif ferences. He went on to add, "In many countries there are peoples of different races and communities speaking languages unintelligible to each other and following divergent religions. One ol the difficult tasks of the modern world is to get these people to live in unity in spite of the seeming irreconcilable dif. ferences. ...I find it difficult to persuade myself to believe that the two major communities of Ceylon are influenced by racial and religious prejudice.
Mr. Wickramasinghe's observation provides me with an illustration of the dual level that multi-ethnicity needs to be perceived. When one refers to Sri Lanka as a multi-ethnic society, it is prudent to qualify such a classification according to the social and politica, realities.
The social dimension stems out of the human act of associating with fellow humans in various capacities, rather than living in isolation. Invariably, such an association generates a bond, a sense of community, a common culture. Within the geographic entity of Sri Lanka, one can identify, at the social level, a variety of cultures and communities: linguistic, religious, economic, etc.
In such a heterogeneous social climate, the political ideology that guides the government has to be accommodative. It requires a balancing act between the divisive nature of politics and the cohesive chord at the social level. And the triumph of statecraft would be to create a political model that will be appropriate for a multiethnic society. Unfortunately, the three models that have tried to establish a political identity for Sri Lanka have not been internalized by all the peoples of this land. In this case, I am referring to the Soulbury Constitution, the First Republican Constitution and the Second Republican Constitution.
From the offerings in the press, there is ample evidence that the ethnic issue is reported within a political confine. No doubt, there is some validity to such accounts. But it is onedimensional. It would be in the interest of the public, I feel, if coverage is expanded to report about ethnic groups at the social level and at the existential level. Besides adding another dimension, such breadth will reveal common human problems that transcend all groups.
An example that comes to mind is the refugee crisis. Today, we have over a million men, women, and children in refugee camps. This traumatic condition is not limited to one ethnic group.

Page 15
15 AUGUST 1992
As I see it, there is a human interest story in each victim of social dislocation, which would bring out the poignancy about this large multi-ethnic group. Somehow, journalists do not cover this shared plight. If they do, reporters may also discover what a writer in an issue of Pravda disclosed: the refugees serve as a potential group for reconciliation and peace.
Presently, I have time only to dwell on political reporting in the national press. What about its quality? Unfortunately, it is abysmal, since sloganeering and propaganda are pervasive. The fault is two-fold. There is the government's responsibility. However much the regime, and such political columnists like Lanka Putra and Anurudha Tilakasiri, argue that there isan environment offreedom for journalists to work, there is among reporters, particularly those writing politics, a sense of fear. This condition leads to a 'chilling effect, minimizing the extent of coverage.
But for reporters to vilify the government for the sorry condition of political journalism is unconscionable. I have already disclosed the social responsibility that Article 19 places on the media. A more serious problem is the prevailing method to report politics. It has become an exercise in dictation.
Presently, the ubiquitous political speech made at public rallies is the predominant form through which the press reports ethnic issues. This approach makes the reporter appear more like a glorified stenographer. What is required, instead, is an effort by the journalist who covers a speech to locate a story based on the issues articulated. Reporters need to make their own decisions on what is newsworthy in the text of the address. Such a choice may be guided by the novelty of what was said, the prominence of the person saying it, its relevancy to the prevailing political climate, and the contradictions, if any, between the words and deeds of the speaker or between the words and reality.
In addition, the journalist is in a position to challenge or assess the central theme of the speech by seeking reactions from people who hold opposing points of view. By eliciting many points of view on a particular subject, the reporter would have broadened the story.
Simply to offer the pages of a newspaper for the text of a political speech to be reproduced will result in abuse. There are ample examples of this "free advertising within the realms of ethnic issues. Now and again, we read speeches made by a few exhibitionists of hate and malice. At such times, I
always wonder who meticulous speech, forfeited thinking by not how much was fa fiction. In this sit at the frontier of he or she who de the form the n transcends from mass audience.
Further, rel emerge out of di Members of the to raise or low subject on the n da. Just as muc vides the structu lem freely, the space for the pu opinions of legi tinuous discours tial feedback in mentarians. Tl strengthened by follow-up stories ple or groups thá impending legi than limiting thi Colombo, it is p opinion from citi the capital. It wo on issues a more ple of national o
Besides polit. notices and press tical journalism. we cannot igno instances where been reported to such cases, the p spokesmen who with sectarian this sort distort, balanced and a pected of the pri suspicion, and di the readers aga scapegoated.
There is a da stream press ca that have a nar) rather than ci humanitarian pr truth to its read propagating a pá too often, journal by sueh efforts greater issues at wisdom warns u the blind lead th
Let us look at as a case in introduced to st the Prevention of North, it was de measure by the Before long, ho laws impacted th country, during t

TAMIL TIMES 15
o
why the journalist, ly took down the his ability of critical
asking the speaker ct and how much was uation, the reporter is information. And it is cides the content and ews will take as it a limited forum to a
ports on ethnicity
2bates in Parliament.
House enjoy the power er the stakes of this ation’s political agenh as Parliament prore to discuss the probpress needs to offer blic to reflect on the slators. Such a cone will serve as essenformation for Parlianis nexus could be f reporters pursuing from among the peoat will be impacted by slature. And rather is avenue to people in aramount to canvass zens who live beyond uld make the dialogue e representative sampinion. ical speeches, press | conferences feed poliWhatever the form, pre the innumerable ethnic politics has exploit emotions. In ress is as guilty as the ) launch campaigns interest. Jingoism of is the commitment to ccurate coverage exess. It produces hate, strust in the mind of inst the group being
nger when the mainampaigns for causes row nationalist focus, ampaign for broad, inciples. It denies the ers in the interest of articular ideology. All lists who are swept up are blinded from the stake, and proverbial s of the danger when e blind.
the Emergency Law point. When it was rengthen the force of fTerrorism Act in the !emed an appropriate
press in the South. wever, these harsh e people in the whole he second JVP upris
Twant
ing in 1987. By then, it was too late for ; sections of the press to fault the State with excessive power, since the media opinion in the South had nurtured and endorsed the growth of a strong national security State. It is ironic that the ferocity of the PTA and the Emergency Law did not discriminate between ethnic groups.
So far, I have dwelt on the avenue that journalists proceed to gather political information. There is a convenience about the existing arrangement, since journalists depend heavily on sources involved in the formal political process, whether in or out of power. However, there is a vast area that remains neglected: perceptions at the community level. An important step towards the sophistication of political reporting would be for the press to explore the attitude on the ethnic question from men and women in the street, in villages, in towns, and in institutions that are not directly affiliated with the decision-making process. These opinions are necessary components if the media is committed to understanding the political culture it SeVeS.
Since Sri Lanka does not have the luxury of opinion polls, the press, through human interest stories, could fill the void by writing about the common beliefs and the modes of thinking on the ethnic question. It would provide a channel for grass roots opinion to contribute towards shaping the political agenda.
In addition to those who report the ethnic problem through news and feature stories, another coterie of writers who provide information are the columnists. Here, I refer to those who contribute personal columns using their name or a pseudonym. Unlike the objectivity required from the political reporter, the political columnist enjoys a wider latitude, since his or her effort is subjective. Such a classification, however, does not mean that a writer should indulge in an orgy of mudslinging, but be guided by the epithet "facts are sacred; comment is free.'
Using the Sunday newspapers as a guide, we would be able to locate these writers as staff members or as guest writers. It is natural that each writer reveals his biases as he argues or analyses his subject. Better still, a reader will be able to extract the perceptions of a political group, if it is the case, a writer represents. On the other hand, it is the responsibility of the editor to solicit opposing points of view from a staff columnist or a guest writer. This is to prevent a newspaper
Continued on page 16

Page 16
16 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 15
from becoming a platform for propaganda. Further, it would be in keeping with the liberal spirit of Article 19.
So far, I have identified the existing ways by which the press informs its readers: an objective news report, a human interest story, a feature story, a news analysis, or an opinion. This framework evolved with the advance of journalism. In democracies, such a convention is important, since it supplies a diversity of ways that incidents, events, and issues may be viewed. If members of the press are sincere to
their profession, then they will defend ,
the ideas that produced this concept to disseminate information, for the principal beneficiary is neither the repor
ter nor the publisher, but the reader,
the invididual citizen.
By now, it would be obvious to you that I concentrated significantly on the press. I did so because it is the medium I know best. Moreover, I feel satisfied with my decision since it was the medium that Mr. Kanthasamy chose, too. Further, despite the state imposed restraints on this medium, there is a fair amount of proof that the press enjoys more space to function than television and radio. Therefore, a more representative, and natural, picture is manifest when scrutinizing the functional role of this medium in our multi-ethnic society.
But there is a point to be made about the other two media. The most impor
tant feature is tha controlled by the S this arrangement p indication of how perceives the multiSri Lanka. If we loo. ing medium, the on public audience, it State has provided language communit radio. The television step further than broadcast stations. dated all three lang medium, indicating that tolerates cultur appears, these gove media reflect the tri of the country.
Some people mig this integration p since freedom is non medium, this cosy a natural; rather, an And the content of news indicates the exercise. Therefore, tion such an artifi suffers from a pauci tion. The programme ing and viewing pub of information on per perceptions within and between ethnic in the form of news panel discussions, an audience should be warts of the countr face, cosmetic approa
ANNIVERSARY MESSAG
Duty-Conscious & Faithful
Dear Editor,
I write to publicly congratulate TT, for having survived the past ten turbulent years, still parading proudly through modern times in the hearts and minds of its mass readership with chest forward and head held high aiming primarily to promote the cause of Eelam Tamils. I earnestly wish TT many more years of fruitful service.
Being conscious of the fact that no one is perfect I consider TT's journalistic merits to be of the highest possible quality of which Tamils everywhere could and should be justly proud. Besides having been an uninterrupted subscriber from its inception I have also contributed articles, most of which have been published. The one or two which were kept out for reasons with which I do not yet agree I attribute to misunderstanding (which is easy with poetry) rather than to editorial arrogance or bloody-mindedness. You and
your dedicated ass occasions sought my and assistance, and also served the Tan your paper in a du faithful manner.
Viewing objectivel TT is usually unbia very few occasions I unfair support for against those spearh liberation movement (Voltaire's) Motto: I WITH A WORD ( SAY, BUT I WILL DI DEATH YOUR RIC applies only to thing not to things being above motto is perfe philosophy, it is in context of the life-al of the Eelam Tam raison d'etre for TT ence. As a well-wishe you remember this s soon begin to soot
 

SAUGUST 1992
they are heavily te. Nevertheless, vides us with an the Government thnic structure of at the broadcast
with the largest reveals that the he space for each to have access to station has gone a the monolingual it has accommoage groups in one it as a medium l pluralism. As it nment controlled lingual composite
ut find comfort in rocess. However, -existent in either rangement is not imposed process. programmes and absurdity of this we need to ques:ial effort, which ty of communicaes deny the listenlic a cross-section "ceptions and misan ethnic group groups. Whether reports, features, ld interviews, the
told about the y. The powdered uch that seems to
satisfy the objectives of the present management hides the agonizing truth. And if the government is sincere about upholding the principles of democracy in a multi-ethnic society, it should defend a cardinal requirement as a prerequisite: an informed citizenry. This can only be achieved when the television station and radio station serve as fora for many ideas and many truths.
During this lecture, ladies and gentlemen, I have shown you how frequently the media violates its obligation to provide diverse information. In a multi-ethnic society, this failure can be devastating, as indicated by the prevailing political climate. There is no alternative to this citizen's right.
A commitment to openness by the media will require the individual journalist to challenge the prevailing conventions. Out of this will emerge, I hope, an enlightened media and a more informed national constituency, where the people will relate to each other as human beings first, then Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims, and Burghers.
The importance of the media, as an institution, withina multi-ethnic society cannot be minimized. Its strength is in its structure to link the many peoples in this country. In this realm, too, the media is wanting. It needs to redefine its role, projecting a cosmopolitan image, for it has the capacity to generate a multi-ethnic community through communication.
ociates have on advice, opinions I believe I have il cause through ty-conscious and
7, I am convinced sed though on a liscerned signs of some allegations 2ading the Tamil Of course, TT's DO NOT AGREE F WHAT YOU EFEND TO THE HT TO SAY IT, : being said, and done. While the , as a journalistic dequate in the d-death struggle s which is the
birth and exist
I say that if only ngle fact, TT will
the embittered
hearts of some of its most influential readers, and also play a full role towards solving Eelam Tamils' problems expeditiously and in a just and lasting manner.
If I were, on the other side of the coin, to list and amplify the many merits of TT, which I feel could be even raising professional jealousies in certain quarters, I will be making this piece too long that you may wish to edit it down - which I do not like to happen. Hence I conclude by saying that I honestly believe TT to be journalistically the best periodical that has been published for the Tamils in Britain, and that I will keep on subscribing to it as long as it exists (or I exist, I wish to add in order to end my letter on a light-hearted note!). Yours most sincerely,
Professor Kopan Mahadeva,
M. Sc., Ph.D.(Birm.), C.Eng', FIMsgE, FRSH, FIEE. Century House, Sutton Road, Erdington, Birmingham, B235XA.

Page 17
15 AUGUST 1992
NEWS ROUND-UP
O A TOP LEVEL court of inquiry has been ordered by the Air Force Commander to probe into the crash of the Chinese built Y8 transport aircraft on 4 July north of the Elephant Pass in northern Sri Lanka with 19 airforce personnel including six officers on board. The LTTE promptly claimed that it had shot down the aircraft and displayed for viewing in Jaffna what looked like parts of a crashed aircraft and portion of a body of a soldier reportedly recovered from the crash site. However, the Air Force denied the LTTE's claim stating that the aircraft was flying at an altitude of 6000 feet when it exploded as it nosedived due to some unexplained reason. One of the officers who died in the crash is Priyantha Fernando who is the son of the State Minister for Defence. Security forces managed to recover ten bodies of the dead personnel.
O AFTER GIVING an assurance to seven Tamil parties that their fourpoint proposal to settle the ethnic conflict would be discussed at its Central Committee, the SLFP leadership was embarrassed to find that at a recent parliamentary group meeting of the SLFP MPs, the Hela Urumaya (Sinhala Heritage) group almost railroaded a resolution to reject the fourpoint proposal even before the party's central committee had a chance to discuss. Moderates in the leadership were reported to have been angered by this development. The SLFP MP and the Chairman of the Parliamentary Select Committee appointed to find ways and means to settle the ethnic conflict is reported to have said: "This will not only nullify the efforts of the PSC to find a consensus, but it will also cause irreparable damage to the SLFP's attempts to project it as a secular moderate party'. He added that some Tamil and Muslim members in the SLFP were very disappointed at the turn of events where chauvinist elements dictate terms on important policy decisions.
OVASUDEWA NANAYAKKARA, leader of the NSSP, recently told Parliainent that the chief cause of the ethnic conflict was the attempt by the Sinhalese to bring the Tamils and Muslims under their hegemony. The toest way to solve the problem was to allow the Tamils and Muslims to exerse self-government in areas in which they were in a majority in the same hanner as the Sinhalese exercise conrol over areas in which they were a
ajority.
O PLANTATI Tamils and Sin Rochsoll estate went on strike alienation of 1: estate to outsi Sinhala commu la families had settled on them Cabinet Minist Ceylon Worker, man said that workers had be allocation of lar be rescinded by headed by the another meetir Thondaman sai not hesitate tol situation arose would be depriv had been won fice. When the attempted to d land in the Nuw workers fought er named Latch life and the pro was abandoned.
O THE EDITOR ly newspaper, M shapriya, has be High Court of ( General under
Lanka Penal C publication in it 1992 purporting from former Dep of Police Prema which certain a made damaging
Inspector Gene Ernest Perera. T for 19 October 1: time the Editor
bail in a sum of
O TWELVE A been remanded i tion with the lc quantity of gold sum of money el Camp for safeke vu Peoples Bank Rs. 2,320,975 wa the possession of
O BLAMING THE for shattering all of the LTTE, in correspondent
Tamil weekly
main spokesman claimed that the Minister Rajiv G ture to understa ethnic issue. "It operate an inter tion network fro

TAMIL TIMES 17
N WORKERS, both alese, belonging to the in Pussellawa recently protesting against the acres of land in that lers belonging to the hity. About 100 Sinhaeen allotted lands and with police protection. dr and leader of the Congress, S. Thondathe interests of the in overlooked and that ds in the estate would a high level committee Prime Minister. At g in Welimada, Mr. that the CWC would aunch a struggle if the in which the workers !d of their rights which by struggle and sacriformer government vide 10,000 acres of ara Eliya district, the against it and a workumanan sacrificed his posed land alienation
of 'Yukthiya', a weekr. W.M. Sunanda Deen indicted before the Dolombo by Attorney section 480 of Sri ode in respect of a is issue of April 12, : to be an affidavit uty Inspector General dasa Udugampola in legations had been the reputation of the ral of Police, Mr. he trial has been fixed 92 and in the meannas been released on Rs... 50,000.
RMY personnel have to custody in connecss of a considerable ewellery and a large trusted to the Army ping by the MullaitiCash amounting to also recovered from the arrested men.
|NDAN Government communication links an interview with a f the Paris-based Eelanadu”, LTTE’s Anton Balasingham ormer Indian Prime ndhi was too immand the Sri Lankan was not possible to
ational communicaJaffna', he added.
He also said that if the proper chance was given the LTTE would explain its stand on the Rajiv assassination and explain to the world what was the relationship they had with the Indian government. Given a chance the LTTE would also explain their stand to the present Indian Prime Minister, Narasimha Rao 'as he is better informed of the Sri Lankan problem than all other Indian politicians', Mr. Balasingham added.
O RESPONDING TO Tiger spokesman, Anton Balasingham's interview with Paris-based "Eelanadu', the leader of the legislative group of Congress(I) in Tamil Nadu said that the Tigers had no interest in solving the ethnic problem and that India should under no circumstances talk to the LTTE. "From the way the Tigers rejected the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of 1987, it is clear that they have no interest in solving the ethnic crisis'. Deputy leader of Congress(I) in the state assembly Kumari Anandan said that the authorities should ensure that even the shadow of the Tigers does not fall on Indian soil. Criticising Balasingham's remark that Rajiv Gandhi was 'immature', Kumari Anandan pointed out that it was Mr. Gandhi who dropped food on Jaffna when the people there were starving as a result of the Sri Lankan army's intensive operations against the Tigers. As for who was responsible for Rajiv Gandhi's murder, the whole world knew that it was the handiwork of the Tigers, he added.
O IN CONNECTION with the bomb attack on the Joint Operations Command of the armed forces on 21. June 1991, Navalakshmi Kadiravelu alias Indira, Shanthini Sivalokanathan, Suhandini Vijaya Kumar, Arunasalam Selladurai alias Para have been indicted under the Prevention of Terrorism Act with conspiring with Varadhan, Raviraj, Pulendran, Cana- : da Ravi and Amman to destroy the JOC headquarters and failing to give information to the authorities that Varadhan and others were in possession of explosives to commit violence between 4 April and 21 June 1991.
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Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 19
15 AUGUST 1992
TINENTAL :
T. PATHMANATHAN
The New President
Although the British media has tended to be "unusually laconic' in their comment on what is indeed a momentous event in India, the swearing of Shankar Dayal Sharma on 25th July as India's ninth President comes at a crucial moment in the history of the Indian Republic. At a time when flames of religious fanaticism and the forces of political disintegration appear to be raising their ugly faces in the Indian polity, the Harvard - Cambridge educated Sharma brings to Indias most prestigious office a breath of fresh air. With a record which is universally acclaimed as "impeccable when skeletons are turning up in every other VIP's cupboard, Sharma is eminently suited to guide India in the right direction.
As Pope John Paul once said of himself, “the man at the top of the heap' can either be a benign influence or a malignant one, he has already struck the right chord when, shortly after he entered the Presidential Palace 'Rastrapati Bhawan’, he made a ringing declaration in support of a secular India. Quoting from 5000 year old Indian scriptures, embellishing them with quotations from the Vedas, from Buddhism, Jainism, the Koran and the Bible, he firmly pledged that the future of India's path to even greater heights lay in the direction of secularism, equal respect for all religions as enshrined in India's Constitution. It is a way of life that every Indian should naturally understand declared the new President.
It has been aptly stated that the future of India is in safe hands in the troubled times that lie ahead. The mantle of the Mahatma Gandhi - Nehru — Moullana Abul Kalam Azad legacy has truly fallen on the right shoulders.
k Kerala Gets Top Rating
In its latest report the United Nations Populations Fund has rated Kerala as being among the very best performers among developing countries in the field of human resource development. The report has identified two central factors to explain Kerala's success story in taking such a lead in development over all the northern states in India. One is the status of women in Kerala: "It is central to the difference in performance' states the report.
Unlike in the north, in Kerala women even inherit land and there is a female literacy rate of 66%, which is
double that of its n in most northern st 11% to 21%; Kerala infant mortality rat ity rate (2.3 childr lower than that o and even the forn Contraceptive use is al average. On all development of Ke states of North In contrast.
The second deter high priority giver government spendi education. Its high has led to 10% crea rial field at a rate other state. Women the highest propor force in India, 35% private sector.
Kerala has not h its natural environ) development. Alth highest population 655 persons per sc forest cover rate appears to be in sho) India.
ybr Chidamba
The resignations of Commerce Minister Cabinet and that of thy, a member of Planning Commiss. exit from the Indial two of its ablest pel educated Chidamba ternational acclaim competence, for the he gave to India's t program and his im Commerce Minister was one of India's industrial magnates to the Planning C remarkable success fell victims to the that has rocked In financial systems through the corrido.
Even the inter rated US investmen Brothers has expres political fall out fr scam will seriously government and fa mic reform in India' Chidambaram an quit of their own acc with Prime Minis pledge that no one h remotely connected
 
 

TAM TIMES 19
SCENE
barest rival; in fact ates, it is as low as has also the lowest 2 in India; its fertilen per woman) is Thailand, China her Soviet Union
treble the nationfronts, the rate of erala vis-a-vis the dia is a study in
mining factor is the by the state to ng on health and
educational level tion in the industhigher than in any in Kerala make up tion of the workoverall, 45% in the
Lowever, sacrificed ment to industrial ough it has the density in India - quare metre — its
is still high. It rt, a model state in
aram’s Exit
P. Chidambaram, from the Indian V. KrishnamoorIndia's prestigious on result in the political scene of formers. Harvard ram had won infor his exceptional bold direction that rade liberalisation pressive record as Krishnamoorthy most high-profile and was elevated mmission for his record; they both securities scandal lia's banking and and reverberated 's of power.
lationally highly analysts Lehman sed fears that "the om the securities
disempower the ally delay econo
Krishnamoorthy ord to keep in line er Rao’s public owever high even with the securities
scandal will be protected or shielded but their only connection with the scandal was that they owned shares - a fairly innocuous connection - in a company “Fairgrowth Financial Services Ltd" which was linked, somewhat indirectly, to the stock-broking dealings of Harshad Mehta; they both however made prompt disclosures of their rather modest stock holdings in this firm.
If the securities scandal that has rocked India should have claimed a ministerial victim, P. Chidambaram is clearly the wrong Minister commented "The Hindu' editorially. Was Prime Minister Rao offering a sacrificial lamb to assuage the surging tempest over the scandal? His hasty acceptance of their resignations caused considerable surprise in New Delhi.
y The Temple Dispute
Inspite of an uproar and turmoil in both Houses of Parliament and in defiance of a court order, the B.J.P. spearheaded its campaign to go ahead with the construction of the Hindu Temple in the disputed area of Ramayana Bhoomi vs Babri Masjid Mosque. While the Central Government dilly-dallies and dithers over the issue, the B.J.P. has declared that the Mandir would be built 'come what may at any cost and at any price' and that if the Narasimha Rao Government came in its way it would meet the same fate as the V.P. Singh Government. As thousands of devotees, men and women gathered at the site, millions of head loads of concrete were poured to lay the foundation; the government is facing its severest test over its handling of this highly explosive religiopolitical issue.
While Muslim religious groups demanded the dismissal of the U.P. Government, Pakistan gloats over the rising tide of religious fanaticism in India. What is really at stake in this sad episode - which is really not a Hindu/Muslim issue per se – is the secular foundation on which India has prided itself since independence; the destruction of the Babra-Masjid Mosque could even prove to be a serious threat not only to the secular structure of Indian society but also to the unity of India itself extending well beyond Ayodhya and setting off centripetal forces on a scale that one fears even to envisage.
What is really happening at this disputed area where construction operations were allowed to proceed 'was an assault on the Constitution itself, and is 'a naked violation of the rule of law'. If the government fails in its quest for a peaceful and permanent
Continued on page 20

Page 20
20 TAMILTIMES
Continued from page 19
solution and "if India loses the battle of secularism, the whole region will suffer, Pakistan probably the most says
India Abroad'.
There is however a glimmer of hope in that a compromise has at last been reached between the Vishwa Hindu Parishad leading the agitation for the construction of the temple and the Central Government. Under this agreement, the government will appoint a judicial committee to adjudicate on the issue within 3 months. At the end of a fortnight's suspense drama of almost epic proportions, a tenuous truce has been called.
The Hindustan Times' called the result "a draw'; others say that Rao has won the first round with his "emolient touch'. Is it the end of Hindu fundamentalism or is it only a postponement of an issue that will be resurrected at some future date? “the Supreme Court cannot decide the faith of the millions of Hindus in India' says the V.H.P./B.J.P. aliance. Asone political observer wryly commented “while the world's attention was focussed on the Olympic Games, we in India are focussing our attention on mediaeval glories”.
A World Bank Sees India as Future Leader
Lauding India's performance in its Annual Report for 1991, the World Bank forecasts that India could be
come an economic leader by the turn of
the century. Commending its success in the field of trade and economic liberalisation, the Bank's VicePresident, Mr. Joseph Wood has said: India could become one of the world's most dynamic economies during the second half of the 1990s and beyond.
Optimism is also high in the Aid India consortium comprising the Western donor countries and Japan. India has reduced its account deficit in the field of borrowings from $11 billion to $3.5 billion; its fiscal deficit has dropped from 9% of the gross domestic product (G.D.P.) to 6.5% of G.D.P. and in so doing has kept the pledge given by the Narasimha Rao Government. In industrial de-regulation and promoting foreign investment, progress has been noted to be quite "impressive'. The G.D.P. growth is projected at 2.5% this year and is expected to reach 5% in 2 to 3 years.
The stock market scandal that rocked India's markets has, fortunately not upset the confidence of the donor countries and the credibility of the central government's economic reform program remains high. While inflation remains at about 12% and must neces
sarily come down Indian desk of th ers it a "respect: the context of the dens and politica is currently facin
There is no be performance tha main donor cour agencies have inc mitments by $50 suing year.
The US in mended India fo) bold measuresʼ tc and assured India its continued sup broad recognition cessfully tackli payments crisis : economic imbala head of the US recently conclud meeting in Paris. get the budget ur late sufficient ) direct foreign inv the Indian rupee cy. If the present could be sustain become a major economic arena.
yr US Wai
Inspite of the Office's recent de mon ground amo! that US Secreta Baker had made ically clear that Is terrorism in India
In a meeting Baker and the vis ign Minister and dor to the US media reports in t 45 minutes, Bake 'sternly lectured' mabad's support ists fighting for India. He had "no by the warning letters hand deliv ter Nawaz Sharif
s dor in Pakistan th
branded "a terro tinued its tacits militants. The le American intellig lied with New De of Pakistani sup militants and P such allegations Indian Governme not cut much ice! section 620(a) O Assistance Act' w suspension of aid supports terrorisr

15 AUGUST gig2
, the Division Chief of e World Bank considable performance' in 2 huge economic burproblems that India 9.
etter proof of India’s in the fact that her ntries and aid giving reased their aid com0 million for the en
particular has comr its 'courageous and reform the economy a that it can count on port. "India deserves n and respect for sucing its balance-ofand reducing macronces' - declared the S delegation at the led Aid consortium The task ahead is to nder control, accumureserves, encourage vestments and make a convertible currenpace of development ed, India could well player in the world's
nS Pakistan
: Pakistan Foreign nial, it is fairly comng the foreign media ry of State, James his position categorslamabad ‘is abetting a'. last month between siting Pakistan ForePakistan Ambassawhich according to he US lasted "a tense er is reported to have to them about Islafor Kashmir separatindependence from ot budged' and stood given in his earlier ered to Prime Minisby the US Ambassahat Pakistan could be rist state' if it conupport for Kashmiri tter noted that the ence reports had tallhi in its perception pport for Kashmiri akistan's claim that were part of the nt's propaganda' did The letter had cited if the US Foreign hich provides for the to any country that m "if the Secretary of
State so determines'. The US has in the meantime advised all its allies and also Russia not to interfere in the Kashmir issue.
The Kashmir issue apart, it is clear from signals emanating from Capitol Hill, the State Department and the White House that there appears to be a tilt towards India in recent Indo-US relations. President Bush in a statement in Washington declared that “the India-Pakistan rivalry particularly over Kashmir is a serious threat to regional stability and that both countries should use the SIMLA ACCORD to settle their differences. On Indo-US relations, President Bush stated that "the end of the cold war created a new opportunity to renew old and close relations with India and that India has a major role to play in the world today'. He went further in warming up towards India and added that Indians in the US are "a productive successful and enriching addition to the American melting pot.
The Life and Times of a Tamil Activist
THE PRESS SPEAKS...
KRSHINA WAIKUNTHAVIASAN
PRICE: 5.00 From:
55 Warren Road Colliers Wood LONDONSW 192HY

Page 21
15 AUGUST 1992
Gandhi Assassination P
Notices issued On F. Police Chief and D
The Jain Commission of Inquiry has issued notices to the Foreign Secretary, J.N. Dixit and a retired Tamil Nadu police official, K. Mohandas, directing them to narrate the sequence of events that culminated in Rajiv Gandhi's assassination.
Mr. Justice M.C. Jain chairman of the commission, set up to find out if there was a conspiracy behind the assassination, told UNI that they had been given three weeks to file their affidavits.
The two have been asked to trace the origin of the factors which eventually cost Rajiv Gandhi his life and the chain of events culminating in the assassination.
Asked why the notices were issued so late (nearly 11 months after the constitution of the commission), Mr. Justice Jain said these had become necessary in view of a just published pook written by Mr. Mohandas.
The author has noted in the book that it was unfair to blame Rajiv andhi for the country's 'catastrophic' Sri Lankan policy and that most of the lame should lie on his policy advisers.
Mr. Dixit, who played a pivotal role in shaping the Sri Lankan policy was he high commissioner in Colombo ., hen the Indian Peace Keeping Force IPKF) was sent to the troubled island lation.
Mr. Mohandas, who clains to give an ‘authentic” account of the Sri Lankan Tamils issue, asserts in his book that Rajiv Gandhi had been misled into continuing the "dual policy of being committed to Sri Lanka's inregrity on the one hand, and permitting training of armed militant groups' on Indian soil on the other. Rajiv andhi's advisers had 'vested interests” Mr. Mohandas says.
The questionnaire given to Mr. Dixit by the commission asks him to trace the origin of the Tamil Eelam concept, the Government of India's stand on it and other related matters.
Mr. Justice Jain said the commisson had also issued notice to Mrs. Rumudavalli, who filed a 'sensational affidavit before the Verma Commisson of inquiry some months ago, iscusing Mrs. Latha Priyakumar, daughter of a senior Congress(I) leader. ofhobnobbing with suspected memcers of the assassination squad.
Mr. Justice Jain
valli was yet to though it had beer the notice was is: material defaulters Home Secretary, N the Janata Dal a Janata Party (SJF have filed their a commission whi things, is probing"
ramifications...', r sination.
Among the impo
People who a cheats are like man who lost h One day a fa erny went to th ket to buy a go one which was old, he bought treating himsel the Ambal Caf back home thro dilipay and Pa the goat trailir lead.
Unfortunatel three rogues ha the little goat a him out of it. Ha outwit him, the tive positions a his path.
When the fa passed the Ala first rogue ask manner as to W from and why dog along with
The farmer Dog You must see this is a go; So saying he came to the where he was second rogue w. a giant banyan at the goat a remark about t a mangy dog b

TAM TIMES 21
Dre
liXt
said Mrs. Kumudafile the affidavit, h a few weeks since sued to her. Other are the then Union Wr. R.K. Bhargava, nd the Samajwadi '). So far 52 parties ffidavits before the ch, among other
conspiracy in all its 'egarding the assas
rtant affidavits filed
before the commission are those of the Special Investigation Team (SIT), the Intelligence Bureau (IB), the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and the Union Home Ministry.
The SIT has also enclosed a copy of the chargesheet which it filed recently in a Designated Court in Madras in connection with the assassination. The affidavits of the IB and the RAW have been filed by their chiefs, Mr. A.N. Vaidya and Mr. N. Narasimhan and run to about 20 pages each. The Union Home Ministry's affidavit has been filed by the Home Secretary, Mr. M.D. Godbole.
According to sources in the security agencies, the affidavits by the intelligence agencies give a long account of the varying threat perceptions vis-a-
Continued on page 24
WARE THE CHEATS
by Richards Karunairajan
are vulnerable to ly to end up as the is goat.
rmer from Sithanke Chunnakam Marbat. When he found s just nine months it for Rs.100. After f to a glass of tea at é, he began to walk ugh Alaveddy, Sanandatheruppu, with ng behind him on a
ly for the farmer, ad seen him buying und decided to cheat aving made a planto y took their respecut various points on
rmer with his goat veddy junction, the ed him in a friendly here he was coming he was dragging a him. laughed and said: , be blind. Can't you at?'
walked on until he Sandilipay junction s accosted by the ho was seated under tree. He too looked nd made a cynical he farmer dragging ehind him.
Puzzled at this remark the farmer stopped on his path, took a good look at the goat and then with anger seething within him, told the rogue that he was crazy just like the other man down the road. Feeling a sense of compassion for the young goat, he decided to carry it on his shoulders like a good shepherd.
But when he came past the Pandatheruppu junction the third rogue seated on a culvert near the Amman Veethi began to mock and ridicule him for carrying a dog on his shoulders.
Unable to tolerate this any more he wondered whether he himself had gone crazy. He set the goat down, had an even closer look and came to the sad conclusion that he was carrying a dog and not a goat. After all, he said to himself, three people have said it was a dog.
Incensed at his foolishness, he chased the animal away and walked home to Sithankerny a loser. As for the three rogues, they feasted on the poor goat to their fill.
Isn't it true that a lie repeated may begin to look like the truth?
(Names of places have been used in this retold tale to familiarise them to new generations of our young people who have made their homes outside the Tamil homeland of Sri Lanka.)

Page 22
22 TAMILTIMES: A
UK Seeks to Tight
Asylum Laws
by T. Pathmanathan South London Tamil Welfare Group
On 20 January 1980, Viraj Mendis of Sri Lanka was forcibly removed from sanctuary in the Church of Ascension in Manchester and deported to SRI LANKA handcuffed to immigration officers! The campaign that was launched in his favour, though unsuccessful, received extensive media coverage in Britain; from then onwards, immigration issues linked to asylum rights have remained in the forefront of the media in the United Kingdom.
Immigration and Nationality Laws are often talked about together as though they are synonymous; "citizenship' and "the right of residence' are similarly considered interchangeable terms; they are in fact, both different covering two separate areas of law. "Nationality’ defines the country of which people are citizens and which issues them passports. "Immigration' on the other hand is the system of laws and rules by which each country decides who shall be able to enter and live in a country.
The concept of asylum - its origins are religious - goes back to the 16th century to the Wars of Religion which ended with the treaty of Westphalia in 1648. Asylum rights had right up to 1951 been dealt with in an ad-hoc manner with a series of international treaties to deal with particular situations viz. with Armenians in the twenties and with refugees from Germany in the thirties. It was in 1951, that a common international instrument was designed to deal with refugees generally, the 1951 Geneva Convention on Refugees established by the UN. This too was originally confined to refugees in Europe but was extended to cover all refugees irrespective of geographical barriers by the UN Protocol of 1967. A refugee was defined herein as 'a person who has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality or membership of a particular social group, who is outside the country of his nationality and is unwilling or unable to avail himself of the protection of that country'.
The above definition though ostensibly simple has lent itself to varied and contentious interpretations at the hands of both UK Home Office spokesmen and lawyers appearing for asylum seekers; what is persecution'?. When is it “well founded' or 'ill founded"? Is it related to threats to human life or is it when human rights are
threatened or vic
criteria to be used si
tive in the determini Such endless esoter often raised. The sig is that the person must be outside the makes the applicatio ciple enshrined in th visions is establish arises whether those airport with false do out documents can b airports and deporte knowledge that pas forged or taken aw flushed down the t craft)
The UN Conventic it clear that the fa seeker resorting t ments or visas Shot affect that person's se, “a country sha refugees penalties ol illegal entry or prese
There are other c like whether an appl in London via a tl India or Kenya coul the UK? Why did he in that country? Besi is considered, the ( which country is he Viz. he has either a no passport and th need not accept him!
Although persecu ground on which an a claim asylum, neith western country, in them home, generall they face 'serious hu lems”, particularly w ble for anyone to ci objective evidence of equally unreasonabl country to automati one coming from a co human rights record. dilemma, the deter) individual asylum together with the er implications to the h such asylum seekers bers - is the hear problem. The onus country to disprove ward by the applica there has hitherto almost liberal or eve to the determinatio The result is that in all applications ha

GEQ
lated? Are the ubjective or objecation of the issue? ic arguments are gnificant principle seeking asylum country, when he in. Once this prinLe convention proed, the question who appear at an cuments or withbe turned away at od? (It is common sports are either ay by 'agents' or oilets of the air
on of 1951 makes ct of the asylum o forged docuuld not adversely S application per Il not impose on n account of their ence’.
ontentious issues icant who arrives hird country say d claim asylum in not claim asylum des, if deportation uestion is as to to be deported? false passport or e third country,
tion is the only asylum seeker can ner UK nor any practice has sent y speaking, when manitarian probhen it is impossionclusively prove persecution; it is e to expect a host cally accept anyuntry with a poor In the face of this mination of each right application hormous financial ost country when reach large numt of the asylum
is on the host the case put fornt. Consequently been a pragmatic -n a lax approach n of such issues. UK about 90% of ve so far been
15 AUGUST 1992
allowed to stay though only 20% wer: recognised as "refugees'; fewer that 10% were actually refused or deportec
Recently, the magnitude of the num. bers applying for asylum or thos awaiting a decision on applications already, made, some over 2 years ago have reached such alarming propor. tion that the UK, in concert with its partners in the European Community have now taken a firm decision t. clamp down on asylum applications and to apply stricter criteria all arounc in its decision making processes. The reasons why the numbers have escalated are not far to seek. Applying for asylum confers the following immedi. ate benefits on any asylum seeker:-
(i) it provides immediate admission into the country; (ii) it allows a person already here to stay on while the application is being processed; this could take z years or more; (iii) it provides immediate lega. access to social security benefits and housing accomodation;
(iv) it provides a fair chance of staying on "indefinitely' - those granted what is called 'exceptional leave to remain' (ELR) may eventually after 7 years get "indefinite leave to remain (ILR).
The above benefits have led to the present tide of asylum applications; it has multiplied ten fold in 3 years!; from 4,000 in 1988 to over 50,000 up to March 1991, (excluding dependants!). The UK Home Office geared itself to this huge task by increasing its staff from 50 in 1988 to 550 by 1st June 1992. During the subsequent 2 months the number of asylum applicants had increased to 70,000
The UK Government therefore decided that the only way out of this seemingly impossible task is to speed up the decision making process, which in turn means to a change in the law. This led to a new asylum bill being presented in Parliament in November 1991; it was not possible to push it through Parliament before its dissolution early this year. Prime Minister, John Major now hopes to present the bill before autumn. The problem is being simultaneously met by similar measures in other E.C. countries in an effort to harmonise the law and its procedures so that no one country becomes more attractive for asylum seekers than the other! By June 1992, over 600,000 applications had flowed into Europe and the cost of dealing with the problem has been estimated at $5 billion
In the UK, a recent study team
Continued on page 29

Page 23
15 AUGUST 1992
BOOK REVIEW
MGR: Image and Reality
MGR: THE MAN AND THE MYTH: by Kondath Mohandas, 22, Panther Publishers, 29, Il Cross Main, Koramangala, IV Block, Bangalore-560034. Rs... 195.
The most charismatic person of his time and a real phenomenon that Marudhur Gopala Menon Ramachandran (MGR) was, any biographical account of him is fascinating; more so is this book which is authored by one who was almost the shadow of MGR, thinking and acting for him for nearly ten years when the matinee idolturned politician presided over the destiny of Tamil Nadu.
In a way this is also the life-history of the author, Mohandas himself, an accomplished police officer, in so far as his functioning as MGR's eyes and ears and 'bogeyman' during that eventful period.
The story takes off from Vaigai Dam where the author casually meets the cine star then engaged in a film shooting in 1969. Eight years later, at the invitation of MGR as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Mohandas joins him as his intelligence chief and soon gets so close to the power centre as to be reckoned the de facto Chief Minister.
The ring-side view has afforded him the advantage of knowing a lot on the personal and social life of the 'man of contradictions' which information he shares with his readers through this "honest account', including MGR's extra-marital affairs and lady friends, taking care to avoid hurting the feelings of others in the process. There is enough here to perceive the role the author has played, albeit behind the scene, in the transformation of MGR from a glamorous cult-oriented personality of the make-believe world into a Chief Minister with a great mission.
Mohandas, a highly controversial officer from the beginning, however strongly disputes the general belief that MGR always acted on his advice. "I was playing a strictly professional role'. MGR was so close to him because, he knew that I was the only person who gave him information or facts as they were, whether they pleased him or not, and he appreciated that'.
Though sympathetic to MGR the author is objectively critical in his presentation. According to him, many of MGR's decisions were taken on impulse or intuition, depending on his mood and not based on logic or reason.
*
He knew that the te tion were fast eating the administration, ing his second innin ter; but, apart from the fact, he kept qu sound advice give against the noon school children for it Tamil Nadu into a besides creating a crunch to the exch jected himself also administrative chief that my opinion, wil Chief Minister, was The hero was itchin other Chief Minis Ministers'. That wa only factor that col
who would not accep do anything wrong greatest asset which all leader has. For poses the AIADMK was "one man's p perhaps made him r suggestion to name party. "There will be after me, the delu response which, how out to be a wrong pr A third of this bea 180-page volume is ters relating to the Sri Lanka, the ext Nadu of the crisis large-scale influx armed militants as and response to it of and the people of Inc Tamil Nadu in par pages the author, MGR, was in the thi has made several r though they have all bits and pieces, cle inadequacies and il India’s Sri Lanka pol handling of the sensi rent stages.
He gives first-han out the training ca Lankan Tamil milita Tamil Nadu, Karna and elsewhere, the tended to the revol the Palk Straits, the India-Sri Lanka Acc Tigers and the sendi Peace Keeping For control insurgency.
It has been the a view from Day One t business to interfere affairs of another ground of ethnic affin if anyone does not ag

TAM TIMES 23
entacles of corrupg into the vitals of particularly durgs as Chief Minisbeing annoyed by iet. In spite of the h by the author meal scheme for s potential to turn “State of beggars” a large resource equer, MGR proaS a 0-0SeSe . But, "I soon felt hen MGR became not well-founded. g to go the way of ters and Prime is the myth. The Luld stand him in adoring masses t that MGR could g. That was his rarely any political practical purwhich he founded party', and that eject the author's the No.2 in the no party after me; ge”, was MGR’s vever, has turned rediction. autifully produced occupied by matethnic conflict in tension to Tamil in the form of of refugees and also the reaction the Government dia in general and ticular. In these who along with :k of the problem, evelations which, ready come out in arly expose the
inconsistencies in
licy and the inept tive issue at diffe
id information abmps for the Sri ints conducted in taka, New Delhi assistance exutionaries across thrusting of the ord on the Tamil ing of the Indian ce to Jaffna to
uthor's personal hat “India had no in the internal country on the nity or whatever; gree with this, he
has no right to question Pakistan for helping militants in Punjab and Kashmir.
Mohandas has given a blow by blow account of the as yet little known "Operation Tiger' in which he successfully accomplished the risky task of disarming the Sri Lankan militants in their training camps in different parts of Tamil Nadu the like of which India has not seen before. This dramatic State-wide swoop on the eve of SAARC meeting in Bangalore in November 1986, which resulted in the haul of sophisticated armaments, then worth Rs.40 crores, once again pushed the Government of India into an awkward situation. He also exposes the "coverup bid of Central Intelligence agency officials who tried to mislead the State police into believing the Meenambakkam airport blast was an act of Mossad while actually the LTTE was behind the incident in which 30 persons got killed.
Rejecting the charge that the Operation Disarm Tigers was his own highhanded act, Mohandas asserts that it was carried out under instructions from "competent authority. The former IPS officer also speaks on how professional jealousy worked overtime in both Madras and New Delhi to disrupt the cordial relationship he was having with MGR. For all that he had done for MGR and Tamil Nadu, the author is sad that he was subjected to harassment and humiliation towards the end of a distinguished career and before retiring in 1990 as Chairman of a State-owned transport corporation in the rank of Director-General of Police.
C. Raghavan. (Courtesy: The Hindu).
The MGRPhenomenon
THE IMAGE TRAP - M. G. Ramachandran in film and Politics: By M.S.S. Pandian, Sage Publications India Pvt. Lt. M-32, Greater Kailash Market I, New Delhi-110048. Rs. 190 (hard back) or Rs. 85 (paper back). MGR the phenomenon provides enough material for any number of books and theories. The fact was that in his life and death, he defied all theories and created a niche for himself that will be difficult to erase or understand.
And this is precisely what the author, Pandian, a fellow of the Madras Institute of Development Studies, tries to explore in his book. Unfortunately, it appears to be a biased picture, Continued on page 28

Page 24
24 TAMIL TIMES
LTTE's BAN
YOUR JOURNAL has given wide publicity to the banning of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by the Indian government. While the involvement of the LTTE in alleged criminal activities in India, including the murder of Rajiv Gandhi last year and the leaders of the EPRLF in the previous year, may have prompted its ban, those who believe in freedom of expression and the democratic right of organisations to function without let or hindrance cannot ordinarily support the banning of the LTTE.
The LTTE supporters are however in no position to protest or criticise the ban by invoking these rights because they condoned and even defended the LTTE when it not only banned all other Tamil political parties and groups operating in the Tamil areas, but also set about the task of physically eliminating them.
The other point I wish to comment on is the attempt on the part of the LTTE and its supporters to attribute the ban and other actions taken against the LTTE in India to a conspiracy by the Brahmin dominated press. Not so long ago, the top leadership of the LTTE was in close collaboration and wining and dining with the leading press people, mostly Brahmins, in India and that was at a time they generally supported the LTTE. Now that the Tigers have lost their support, suddenly the Brahminic conspiracy has been invented in a futile attempt to mask their own political ineptitude in having not only dissipated, but also alienated almost the wholehearted support that the Tamil cause was receiving from the Indian people.
K. Shanthakunnar
Kenton Lane, Middlesex, UK.
SELF-DETERMINATION, REFERENDUM, AND PLEBSCTE
WITHIN THE space provided in the Readers Forum, I wish to respond to some of the important questions raised by reader C.S. Maniam of Ontario, Canada (TT, June 1992), on the question of self-determination and the territory of Tamils in Sri Lanka.
Regarding the terms referendum and plebiscite, I will better quote two paragraphs written by an authority in
South Asian politic Palmer, in his bo Political Developm Asian Experience Press, North Car noted:
The view that “the will of thi that elections se referenda. Obvi tions are specif this purpose. A definition of a p by which the p country or distri ion for or agains may be on a fairl proposal, or it m of great signific use of a plebis whether a peopl one country or j a nationwide g interpreted as usually implies an expression of
of a government confidence or lac ruler.
A referendun to a dictionary principle” or pra to popular vote upon or propos body or by pop this technical s referendum is p constitutions of al systems. In sense a nationa be viewed as a much on a specif osals of the gove on the overall r popular confidel ment or ruler. .
In this context, th in 1977 that the assessed as a plebi. state is a valid one
Maniam also wo out the "self-deter ple? Is it by a refera or is it determined leaders?' Well, how some historical p. issue. Let us take history of the USA plebiscite was con colonies of the the waged their war a Crown. Out of a po imately 3.8 millic (slave-owning w claimed themselve patriots') took it u sign the declaratic on July 4, 1776, an tionary war agains
 

15 AUGUST 1992
3 in 1975. Norman ok, Elections and
(Duke University olina, pр.98-100),
elections express 2 people' assumes rve as plebiscites or ously certain elecically designed for standard dictionary lebiscite is "a vote eople of an entire ct express an opinst a proposal". This y specific or limited ay be on a proposal cance, such as the cite to determine e wish to remain in oin another. When eneral election is a plebiscite, this that the election is the people's choice or an expression of k of confidence in a
n, again according definition, is "the
ctice of submitting
a measure passed ed by a legislative ular initiative. In
provided for in the a number of politicthe more general l election may also referendum, not so ic proposal or proprnment or ruler as 2cord and degree of nce in the govern
he call by the TULF general election be scite for a separate
nders, how to find mination” of a peoendum or plebiscite for them by their | about looking for recedence on this
the revolutionary . No referendum or ducted in the 13 USA, before they against the British pulation of approxon, 56 individuals hite males, who s as the American pon themselves to on of independence d conduct a revolut the "King of Great
Britain'. They wanted selfdetermination because, among many other causes, "He (the King of Great Britain) has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people...' All these grievances which the American Patriots had against the King of Britain,
resemble the grievances of Tamils
against the ruling Sinhalese regime.
About the Tamil territory in the island of the then Ceylon, I would suggest those interested to see the map presented in the Area Handbook for Ceylon (1971), published for the United States Government, and printed by the U.S. Government Printing Office. Fig.6, appearing on page 33, provides a 1796-map, which shows the northern and eastern provinces (from Puttalam to Pottuvil) as a single entity, labelled under “Jaffna Kommandement. Interestingly, this map has been adopted from the work of C.W. Nicholas and S. Paranavitana, A Concise History of Ceylon (1961), pp.208-209. And most Tamils know where S. Paranavitana stood in his view related to the ethnicity of Sinhalese and Tamils. If Paranavitana himself has acknowledged this historical reality, who else has more authority to challenge this 1796 map?
One last note: regarding the presence of dagobas and vihares in the Eastern province (as well as the northern province), reader Maniam can refer to Mudaliyar Rasanayagam's classic work, Ancient Jaffna, about which I wrote a commentary in the April 1989 issue of the Tamil Times.
Sincerely yours,
Sachi Sri Kantha 6-2-4- Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan.
Continued from page 21
vis Rajiv Gandhi, their correspondence with the centre and states and also their suggestions about dealing with certain problems.
The commission, however, was not satisfied with the affidavits of the IB and the RAW and had directed them to give more details and annex copies of their correspondence and other relevant documents.
Other political parties such as the DMK the AIADMK and the DK have filed their affidavits before the commission.
Mr. Justice Jain said the first hearing of the commission would definitely be held in the last week of this month’ — UNI.

Page 25
15 AUGUST 1992
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WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couple on their recent wedding and reception. Mohan son of Mr & Mrs. K. Yogendran of 1 Florence Road, Sanderstead, South roydon, UK. and Bina daughter of Mr. & ', 'rs. V. Thambiah, 158 Winchmore Hill Road, london N21 1 OP on 30th July 1992 at Royal Jhase Hotel, Enfield, Middx, U.K. and recepon at Christison Hall, Dulwich College, Lonion SE21 on 1st August 1992.
"Matching Horoscopes'
For marriage compatibility Contact: M. Sivarajah
Tel: O817678699.
VAWUNIYA August 1985
independent British Researcher seeks Witnesses, Survivors, Relatives. All information received in Strict Confidence. Reply in First instance to: Box E55 C/o Tamil Times
OBTUA
Mr. Thambapillai Rama Engineer, London Elec band of Nirmala Yogara Mr. Thambapillai, retired Sellamma Thambapillai na, Son-in-law of the lat (Retired, Excise Dept.) a Yoganantham, brother Seevaratnam (Jaffna), th (retired Secretary Const Muthiah (Australia), / Velauthar (Puttalam), Nadarajah (Jaffna), and tor, Yoga & Co., U.K.); bi Selvayogam Yogananth thany (Colombo), Mrs. He (USA), Mrs. Kanagamma stralia), Mrs. Suhunava. (UK) passed away und ances while on duty on 21 cremated on 25th July - dens, Thornton Heath, Su
*
Mr. Thiagar Murugesar Commissioner of Co-opert of Main Street, Tellippalai,
husband of Rajeswari; fatl (Singapore), Krishnarajah ohari, Thiagarajah, Varath Anantharajah (Canada), (Germany), Sounthararaja law of Kanageswary, N. Thambipilai, Sivaneasan,
mathi, Sathaikala, Rajani mari; grandfather of sev passed away in Chithenge) on 29th July 1992 and was July. A pooja and prayers be held at 10.30am on Sat 1992 at Archway Muruga N6, followed by lunch at ti friends and relatives are k accept this notice. - 37 Western Avenue, London
 
 
 

hathan, Distribution icity; beloved husee; son of the late Ostmaster and Mrs. f Kalviankadu, laff
Mr. Yoganantham .
ld Mrs. Selvamany f Mrs. Maheswary late Somasekeran | Expo), Dr. Rajah frs. Sivapackian Mrs. Sivakamipillai 'ogananthar (Soliciother-in-law of Mrs. am, Thirupurasunma Somasekeram Rajah Muthiah (Auhani Yogananthar er tragic circumstst July '92 and was 9 Osbourne Garrrey, U.K.
Retired Assistant ive Development) Sri Lanka, beloved er of Tharmarajah Sornadevi, Manajah (all of U.K.), Thillainadarajah (U.K.), father-inamani, the late umangali, inthuand Suntharakual grandchildren , Jaffna, Srilanka renated on 30th his memory will day, 29th August Temple, London same place. All dly requested to 'endover Court, 3 ΟΤΟ.
TAMIL TIMES 25
IN MEMORAM
In loving memory of Kanagasabai Ganakanthiran (Andrew Gannon) on the first
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by his parents, brother Manickenthiran, sister Indradevi, uncles, aunts, cousins, nephews and nieces. - 14 Newdale Place, Brampton, Ontario L6S F2Z, Canada.
in fond memory of Mrs. Sinnathangam Suppiah (Retired Headmistress, Arunasalam Vidyasalai, Alavaddy, Sri Lanka) on the fourth anniversary of her passing away on 208.88.
Sadly missed and lovingly remembered by her children Sivathasan and Sivarupavathy; daughter-in-law Sivadevi; son-in-law SivaSubramaniam and grandchildren Kuhan, Nirupa, Meera, and Parathan - 303 Hempstead Road, Gillingham, Kent M373QJ.
Mr. Gunaratnam, Formerly Divisional Superintendent of Post Offices, on the second anniversary of his passing away on 28.8.90. Sadly missed by his loving wife Rani, children Thiru, Vasuki, Devaki (Australia), Sutharsan (UK) and Saratha Devi; son-inlaw Radhakrishnan (Australia); grand daughter Mayurica, sister and in-laws. - 68 B Grove Road, North Finchley, London N129DY.
Continued on page 26

Page 26
26 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 25
IN MEMORAM
Mrs. Yogamany Kandiah Departed 29.91. Fondly remembered on the first anniversary of her passing away by her beloved husband; children Chandrakumaran (Canada), Chandrakumary (Bury, UK), Chandrasekeran (U.K.), Chandramalar, Chandrakanthi, Chandramohan (all of Canada) and Chandrakala (Australia); sons-in-law Rajasooriyar, Wiigneswaran, Sivasekaran and Pathmanandavel; daughters-in-law Usha, Shantini and Mirunalini; brother Yogarajah and several grand children — 49 Courtlands Drive, Ewell,
Epsom, Surrey KT19 OHN.
Mr. Mayilvaganam Velummayilum J.P., U.M., Attorney-at-law and former Chairman, Urban Council, Point Pedro, Sri Lanka passed away on 31.8.89, and the third anniversary of his demise falls on 31.8.92.
Sadly missed by his loving wife, children Thayanandarajah (UK), Nithiyanandarajah (New Zealand), Mayilvaganarajah (U.K.), Chitra, Anandarajah, Krishnarajah and Jayanthi (all of Sri Lanka), in-laws, friends, relatives and a host of grateful constituents - 59 Edgwarebury Gardens, Edgware, Middx., HA88LL, U.K.
A tribute to K. Anandarajah
Relatives and friends mourn the passing away in New York, USA of K. Anandarajah, Professional Engineer, Department of Transport, USA on the 28th of May 1992 after a brief illness. He leaves behind his beloved wife Thevi, his beloved children Gowri, Ananthi, Shankar and Sunthar, and many grieving relatives and friends.
Ana, as he was affectionately known to friends was a harmless soul. He had no enemies, anyone he met invariably became a close friend of his in time. Ana was an unassuming person, ever ready to help anyone who needed help, never expecting anything in return. Whenever any of his friends visited the USA, Ana would visit them, take
then home and insist him for a few days. Thi Ana was also a devote
Ana was one of th education in the UK. Thiruchelvam started Wimbledon Community 1973. Tarni Children f roundings attended th only acquired a knowl and language but also other's company. Ana's among the first few Tan had their arangetram in in the UK.
Ana's end came quit he had been so fit and had been looking forw September '92 and mal the UK and spend more Bagawan decided other One is made to wonder take away such a kind, Soul so soon.
May Ana's soul rest i May Bagawan give Th Shankar and Suntha strength to carry on with
Dr.
S.C.C
The Standing Conn Speaking People - (S 1977 is a UK based c. the relief of poverty all Sri Lanka. It seeks stimulating and supp development program areas through its con tional aid agencies an Sri Lanka. SCOT is als paigning for Human R. lf you wish to fin« SCOT's work and how to it, please contact Semley Road, Norbury, (Tel: 081 764 7912).
Some of its Activi
Fishing industry Pre 1983 levels of outpu of Sri Lanka's fish req from the Tani areas. pects for reviving this k activity, a preliminary still
by SCOT and DATA DE
research organisation, W ment of the University itself will be directed (former FAO Aquacultu Dharmaratnam of the U the studies will be foi i steps necessaryto rehai its pre-wear levels. This ment of equipment (ba engines etc.), and the di lary facilities such as boatyards etc. Much oft to the aquatic resources Sivalingam, who will not it. This preliminary surve ln a separate initiativ Vice Chancellor of the J visited Norway recentl
 
 

hat they stayed with is typical of the man.
family man.
a pioneers of Tamil He, along with Mr. Tamil classes at the Centre as far back as om London and SurSe classes and not dge of Tamil culture greatly enjoyed each daughter Gowri was ils in the UK, to have Baratha Natyam held
unexpectedly since healthy all his life. He ard to retirement in ing plans to come to tire with friends. But vise. Affines like this why Bagawan should helpful and harmless
peace in Bagawan. evi, Gowri, Ananthi, inner peace and life.
K. Sivaloganathan.
).T.
nittee of TanlI.C.O.T.) founded in arity committed fo mong the Tamils in o achieve this by borting sustainable mes in the Tamil facts with internad NGO partners in o engaged in camghts in Sri Lanka.
out more about you can contribute the Secretary, 16 Condon SMV164PH
Plies:
in Tamil Areas 'suggested that 75% uirements were met fo assess the prosey area of economic dy has been initiated V, a Colombo based ith the active involveof Jaffna. The study by Dr. Sivalingam ist) and Dr. Meena niversity. The aim of ientity and cost the bilitate the industry to will involve replaceats, nets, outboard 2velopment of ancilce plants, storage, e basic data relating are available to Dr. 7 update and collate is funded by SCOT. ?, Prof. Thurairajah, fna University, who has entered into
15 AUGUST 1992
negotiations for establishing a Faculty : Fisheries at the University with support frothe Norwegian Government.
Rehabilitation of Widows
One unfortunate consequence of the war ir the Tamil areas is the growing number widows, particularly from the low incorre groups. The Refugees Rehabilitation Orga. nisation (TRRO) headed by Prof. Sivathamt. has registered 3000 widows who requir: assistance to maintain their livelihoods. Thi TRRO has already assisted 1000 of thess widows by setting them up in traditional smal scale self employment ventures such as poultry and dairy farming, cultivation an sewing at an average cost of Rs. 10,000 pe head. It has now developed a practica programme through which this rehabilitatio process could be expanded over the five AGA divisions in the Jaffna District. SCOT is currently supporting this programme.
Other Recent Grants SCOT also supports relief operations of the Ramakrishna Missions in Colombo and Batt. caloa and the Federation of YMHA's ir Trincomalee. It is also collaborating with Oxfam in its work among Muslim refugees.
SCOT Presents Cultural Evening
Followers of the performing arts in London are beneficiaries of regular performances by a rich array of Tamil artistic talent in the fields of music, drama and dance. The evening c. Saturday 11 July was no exception when this Standing Committee of Tamil Speaking Peoples (SCOT) presented two Tamil plays and a violin duet at the Charles Cryer Studic Theatre in Carshalton. The violin recital was by the excellent mother and son duo, Dr Lakshmi Jayan and Selvan Arvind Jayan anc the plays were by the admirable Tamil Performing Arts Society.
This drama group, with a dedicated and talented array of artistes, have enjoyed much deserved success in Sri Lanka with over a hundred stagings of their plays. In addition, performances have included radio and television broadcasts. The first Tamil play televised on Roopavahini was theirs. Since 1985, in London, their thought provoking plays have continued to attract a widespread and appreciative audience. The opening item of the evening was the play "Mannikkavum' in two parts, "Pirathiyehak Kaatchi" and “Tharisanam'. The first part was a thoroughly entertaining but critical parody of social manners.
The play, which had the audience in splits of laughter, ends when the mild mannered guest turns the table on his pretentious hosts and exposes their fears and inadequacies. The acting was uniformly excellent by Anan

Page 27
15 AUGUST 1992
darani Balendra, Manoharan Manuelpilaiand Kanagasabai Krishnarajah. The theme "Mannikavum" continued with the second part, "Tharisanam, using the same key character who finds himself apologising for the weaknesses of his manipulative inquisitors. Krishnarajah was joined here by the multi-talented director of the plays. Balendra.
The violin Concert that followed was a treat. Dr. Lakshmi Jayan, a renowned violinist who considers Lalgudi Jayaraman as her guru and guiding light, along with her son Arvind and the accompanists, enthralled the audience with a delightful repertoire of pieces in Tamil, Thelengu and Sanskrit. Dr. Jayan has given several performances, both as a solo artiste and as an accompanist to leading musicians, in the UK, other European countries and India. She also conducts a violin school in Lalgudi's name,
Theopening Warnam, in Nalinakanti ragam, was composed by Lalgudi Jayaraman, as was the penultimate Thilana, in Madhuvanthi ragam. The highlights were the kirthanas, Paratpara Parameswara by Papanasam Sivan and Nagumomu Ganaleni by Thyagaraja Swamigal.
Arvind displayed a range and depth of such maturity in his playing which belied his youth. He must surely rank in the forefront of young talent in carnatic music in this country. Arvind's own guru, his mother Lakshmi Jayan, has nurtured his talents splendidly.
The accompanists, Somasundaram Desigar on the mridangam and Bangalore Prakash on the ghatam, gave admirable support to the violinists and displayed their full talents in the ‘thani aavarthanam'. The enjoyment of the artistes themselves was evident and it was nice to see the ghatam being thrown up in the traditional way during the finale.
The evening's entertainment concluded with a play. 'Bharatha Tharmam'. The story, adapted from the Mahabaratham, describes how the exemplary Pandavas used an innocent low caste family to fake their own deaths, highlighting the plight of the innocents manpulated by the ruthless and the powerful. The message was poignant and hard-hitting, more so due to the many contemporary parallels in Aoday's world. The singing at the end of the play, led by Nirmala Rajasingham, was exhilarating and performed with great emotion. Performances by the entire cast, Santhakunam, Krishnarajah, Rajasingham and Balendra, were superb, brought together once again under the able direction of Balendra. A few words in closing must be said about the Menue. The Charles Cryer Studio Theatre, situated in Carshalton, South London, this ahaming venue with excellent facilities enanced the enjoyment of the audience and performers alike.
K. Sanguhan.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS September 5 Aavani Moolam. Sept. 7 Ekathashi. Sept. 8 Pirathosham. Sept. 11 Full Moon. Sept. 19 Puratathi Sani (1st week). Sept. 20 5.00pm Pattaplshekam staged by fe pupils of South London Tamil School at Mictoria Hall, Ealing Town Hall, New Broadulay, London W5. Tel: 081 680 8578/647 356.
Sept. 22 Ekathashi. Sept. 24 Piratosham. Sept. 26 Ammavasai.
Sept. 26 7.30pm Suti Bharatha Natyam Rec waran, at Secombe C Sutton, Surrey. For tick 644. O972/393 5815/66. Sept. 27 Navarathiri Fé
Sept 29 Chathurthi.
At the Bhavan Cent Road, London W14 3O86/4608. Sept. 12 7.00pm Man nivas. Sept. 18 7.45pm. Folk Rajasthan. Sept. 19 7.00pm Ghaza Sept. 26 7.00pm Bh Geetha Chandran.
Prize MM
The students of the L Group trained by their thathy Srikantha Rajah of the 17 groups whicl 106th Annual Stratford Festival 1992.
They are Lto RAbira Mathini Manoharan (11 kantha Rajah (4 years), ajah.
Skylink Celeb
Skylink Travel Ltd., the C the introduction of new sales agents for the nati
Skylink's campaign t spearheaded by its new Travel, popularly and en
Seen above at the lau Manager), Mr. Siva (Sky Manager), Mr. G.S. Bhan Mir. S. Rauf (Financial D
 
 

TAMILTIMES 27
in Subrang presents all by Chitra Viswesentre, Cheam Road, Pts & defails Tel: 081
1366/641 1272.
stival (First day).
re, 4A Castletown HQ. Tel: 071 381
ialin Recital by Sri
fusic from Gujerat &
ls by Najma Akstar. aratha Natyam by
Inners
)ndon Veena Music teacher Mrs. Arun
Awarded Ph.D.
Dr. Manickam Puvaneswaran has been awarded the Ph.D. in Climatology of the University of Sheffield, where for the last two years he has been engaged in a research project entitled 'Rainfall Fluctuations in the Homogeneous Regimes of Sri Lanka' which is based on a study of rainfall variations for the last 120 years with the aid of advanced statistical and computer analysis. His findings
were judged the best participated at the East London Music
have useful applications in the agricultural planning of water management.
Dr. Puvaneswaran read Geography at the University of Peradeniya, where subsequently he was an assistant lecturer for 2 years after which period he secured the M.A. degree. He was a Senior Lecturer in Climatology at the University of Jaffna, Research Fellow in the University of Mainz, Germany; post graduate student in the University of Queensland, Australia before proceeding to Sheffield.
Wanted
ඉතිං (9 years), Wanted a Tamil typist with knowledge of years), lakshmi Sri- word processing for a Tamil Newspaper. and Gayathri Thagar- E 56 co Tamil Times.
irate Introduction of New KLM Flights to Bombay & Calcutta. −
eneral Sales Agents for KLM in the UK & Ireland, recently celebrated KLM flights to Bombay & Calcutta. Skylink were recently appointed onal carrier Air Lanka.
serve all the destinations world wide of both Airlines is being Marketing Manager, Mr. S. Sivasubramaniam, formerly of Sivaraj dearingly called 'Siva' by his numerous clients.
ch (L. to R.) Ms. Loraine MacCallum, (KLM Marketing Development nk Marketing Manager), Mr. P.L. Cornwall (KLM UK Passenger Sales bra (Skylink Managing Director), Mr. P.L. Dhiman (General Manager), ector) and J. Mobed (Commercial Manager).

Page 28
28 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 23
because he is trying to fit into his own trap, the events and policies of MGR the actor and politician.
There can be no escaping the fact that Tamil Nadu's political stage has been closely interlocked with the theatre and cinema here ever since the Dravidian movement took deep political roots. The DMK made political capital out of the dialogue-writing skills of its leaders C.N. Annadurai and M. Karunanidhi and it was MGR. who had to mouth them to capture the imagination of the youth of the 1960s.
Pandian has taken trouble, like a true researcher, to study so many publications and writings on MGR, but the pity is he has relied too much on some sources which do not carry the kind of weight or conviction to knowledgeable readers.
So far as his real life was concerned, one could go by the cinema magazines and interviews. But when it comes to his political career and particularly after he was swept to power in 1977, it is doubtful if anyone worth the name could have that kind of access or rapport with him to be in a position to convey MGR's mind and ideology, assuming he had one. The beauty of MGR the politician was that he remained a mystery and an enigma. Though there are any number of audio and video cassettes of his speeches, especially the recorded speeches in the wake of his launching the AIADMK in 1972 and his first election manifesto of 1977, they too defied understanding.
His concept of 'Ann was another myste The author touch the actor, when h three central them pense justice, cont and access to wom planks of his imag screen. Obviously, come to grips with M quite so easily. Anc thors keep return; nomenon to fathom and wrong, compreh least, there is enough about and a fan fo tinues to this day, after he died.
Fact Finding Mis anka 1980-1992: Bibliography - 19 Resource Centre, C
Dr Kumar Rupesing duction to this 31-pa port compiled by B and Anton S. Philip
fact-finding mission 1 on Sri Lanka, the
covering the crucial 1992, is invaluable fo ists and future missio question are the most cover the period of
violence by the Sir state and the Sinha insurrectionists, the beration Tigers respet
ANNIVERSARY MESSAG
Dedication and Courage
Dear Editor,
I am ashamed at the delay in sending my message for your 10th Anniversary. I just could not write something merely formal because I have such an admiration, even veneration, for the Tamil Times.
I have been a regular reader of the journal for many years. One of the really encouraging and hopeful signs in this unutterably tragic situation Sri Lanka is in, is that it has thrown up many people on both sides with outstanding dedication and courage in the cause of truth and justice, who have never given up whatever the obstacles and threats. Some of these have made the ultimate sacrifice with their lives. But the most outstanding of those who still carry on is the Tamil Times collective. I call it a collective because though it is usually associated with
one charismatic perso be the work of many together with intense so it seems to be a m: unfailingly been pro month over the years date and thorough comments on events il
The fairness with with the different si involved is of a very passionately devotec cause, but there is n soever against the Sil) a healthy understand ate Sinhala view. This stand both the Sinha well as the Muslim cat great combination. I a far more of such per among us today than allow us to know and for the future.
It has been rightl LTTE when it needs
 
 

sm”, for instance,
the core of MGR. summarises the
· - right to dis| over education - as the major build up on the 2 is not able to GR the politician that is why aug to this pheits depths, right nsible or not. At material to write owing that conearly five years
V. Jayanth.
sions on Sri an Annotated 92. Sri Lanka slo (Norway).
he's useful introge annotated reerth Verstappen selected from 47 eports out of 57 isle of sorrows,
years 1980 to r scholars, activns. The years in horrendous and institutionalised lhala-dominated lese and Tamil fVP and the Li:tively.
15 AUGUST 1992
The annotations provide the necessary entrée into the main contents of the missions' reports. They indicate how meaningful they will be to the various bodies interested not merely in human rights but on the downward slope of that once paradise island. Sri Lanka, the model Third World democracy is, a reading of these annotations, indicate nothing worse than the worst where the rule of law has been virtually suspended to make way for an indisciplined army, governmentsupervised vigilante squads and the terror of insurgents.
There is a truth that emerges in perusing this guide. The island's middle class and its westernised sector has either been beaten into silence or terrorised, or probably both aspects have replaced the once promising years of Westminster government,
This publication cannot be read without a feeling of revulsion, a turn of mind involving a mental nausea. So many innocents including women and children have been erased off the face of this earth, and for no good reason, without proper trials and judicial investigation. The only note of optimism is that a timely work such as this cannot but give faith and hope to the spirit of freedom in humankind, a candle that can never be put out even if these unfortunate humans are treated as if inmates of an animal farm. Time will produce the much needed change.
Prof. A. Jeyaratnam Wilson.
l, I think it must people working ledication. Even acle that it has uced month by with such up-toverage of and its chosen field. which it deals es and parties igh order. It is to the Tamil rancour whathala people and g of the moderbility to underand Tamil as es at depth is a sure there are le on all sides e media would hat is the hope
critical of the be, and this
needed courage. But it has also always felt that LTTE should have a fair hearing. This has not only been because of Voltaire’s famous dictum which it has taken as its motto. It is, I think, a recognition of the fact that the LTTE has had so much ranged against it and stood up to it with such notable heroism and persistence. It is also a recognition of the fact that the LTTE stands for more than the leadership, which is so often mistaken, but for large numbers of people committed to a struggle for their rights. This can also be said in various degrees of certain other Tamil groups and parties. But above all it can be said of the Tamil people, who have come through so much suffering and betrayal at the hands of so many on all sides, but are still a factor too be reckoned with, that they haven't given up.
Yours Sincerely,
Rev. Yohan Devananda World Solidarity Forum on Sri Lanka, 23A Senanayake Avenue, Nawala, Sri Lanka.

Page 29
15 AUGUST 1992
Closing date for completed grid and coupon to be received is
30 September 1992.
Answers and the name of the winner - first all correct entry pulled out of a bag - will be announced in the October 1992
issue.
The winner will receive a prize of £1000 sterling. All entries should be sent to: Tamil Times, P.O. Box 121,
Sutton, Surrey SM13TD, UK.
Across. 1. Market town in Thenmaradchy, North Sri Lanka (12) 12. Suburban township, South Sri Lanka (8)
13. Possible (3) 14. Ut supra, as above (2) 15. Puzzling and ambiguous (6) 16. The tide that occurs during the and last quarter of the moon
19. Jaffna peninsula falls within this climatic zone (3) 20. Deity in Sanskrit (3) 22. The village of Somasundera Pulavar in East Jaffna (6) 25. A future queen popularly (2) 26. A constellation near Scorpious in the Southern hemisphere (3)
27. Devil dancing ceremony in South Sri Lanka (6 29. A protein related to the skin, hair and nails (7) 31. Short native (3) 32. An organic base formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms (5)
器 Non liquet, it is not clear, abb.
35. Cotangent, abb. (3) 36. Like kosher to the Jews this is to the Muslims (5) 38. Heat in disarray (4) 39. Jaffna's civil airport is now a base of the Sri Lanka Air Force (6) 40. Altostratus, briefly (2)
苏 Feeling of unease or sickness 42. Retailer market town on the road from Manipay to Sithankerny, North Sri Lanka (9)
43. Operational Research abb. (2)
Down:
1. Northern farmer's pride and Sri Lanka's largest producer market
9
Eght century Hebrew prophet
3. Indicates period from midnight to midday (2) 4. Briefly, the State of Virginia in the US (2)
5. A period of time (3) 6. Historic capital of Sri Lanka-the last one to fall to the foreigner (5) 7. An assassinated Tamil leader, popularly (4) 8. Cautious and wary (4) 9. An organism whose form has n affected by its environment 10, Egyptian sun god (2) 11. A farming village in North Sri Lanka became the site of a well known hospital for women (6) 17. Greed (7) 18. The home of Navajeevanam in the Vanni area of Sri Lanka (6) 21. Prepare text for publication (4) 23. Dormant (6) 24. Major lagoon fishery landmark in Jaffna (8)
27. High explosive (3) 28. Vast open stretch of land linked with many weird stories in the Vadamaradchy region (6) 30. Printer's measure (2) 34. Aviator (5)
36. fian, a chalcolithic culture ဂ္ဂ0-4500 BC in the Syrian region 37. In addition (4)
c
3.
Continued from page 22
(which the writer attended at its interviews) has identified the following as the 5 major asylum-seeking groups in the UK:
1) KURDS/IRAQIS
2) IRANIANS
3) GHANAIANS
4) SOMALIS & ANGOLANS
5) SRI LANKAN TAMILS
Other groups comprise, Turks, Indians, Pakistanis, Latin Americans, East Europeans, other Africans etc.
The proposed UK'asylum bill' which the present government is pledged to table in Parliament is claimed to meet the twin need to expedite the decision making procedure without watering down its obligations under the UN convention. In short, to strike a balance between procedural expedition' and procedural fairness'. The government while trying to clear the back-log will also strive to prevent what is now referred to as 'gross abuse of the system' by those seeking an economic haven in the UK.
The proposed me:
(a) a strict time-f mination of the the appeal proc the 12 weeks 'fas (b) prevent asylu via “a third coun (c) a more string the "Carriers' heavier fines on people without d (d) stricter criter whether the asy within the defin refugees/asylum Geneva Convent (e) finger-printin ers - to prevent ple applications income and hous
(f) a drastically procedure and prompt deportati
A strong oppositic
Britain against the

TAM TIMES 29
.سسففسسسس
Z CROSSWORDS - No. 19. Compiled by: Richards
- - E. B -
X 3
5
S 9.
) 5
1
3
5
. Burnt residue (3)
. God of the fields and flocks in eek mythology (3)
40. Alternate current (2)
41. A higher qualification in the arts discipline (2)
uiz Crosswords - 17: Solutions.
cross: 1. Pomegranates. 11. Ambalavi. 12. Me. 13. Remex. 14. Bum. 15. pple. 18. JA. 19. Wary. 20. Murunga. 22. Sly. 24. Etna. 25. Frisson. 28. Goof. 9. Ann. 31. Asura. 33. Did. 36. Black Colombo. 39. Saves. 40. Donald. 41. assion. 42. Tee.
own: 1. Papaws. 2. Om. 3. MB.4. Early. 5. Glee. 6. Ram. 7. Avenues. 8. Nix. 9. mu, 10. Sembatan. 14. Banana. 16. Palm. 17. Pry. 18. Juno. 21. RTS. 23. roaks. 25. Forces. 26. f. 27. Jabs, 28. Guava. 30. Noble. 32. Slap. 33. Dodo.
4. llon. 35. Don. 37. Mat. 38. Ode.
o Winner.
asures include:
rame for the deterapplications and ess combined viz. t-track procedure'; Im-seekers coming try; ent enforcement of liability Act' i.e. irlines bringing in ocuments; ia for determining lum seeker comes tion and scope of seekers in the on of 1951;
g of asylum seekhe abuse of multibeing made for ng benefits, and curtailed appeals provisions for ).
n is building up in above measures
both among liberal minded Parliamentarians, particularly those representing Labour and also "marginal' constituencies and among London's expatriate community. The above measuresare considered “draconian, “conflicting with the provisions of the Geneva Convention of 1951 to which Britain is a signatory' and against the principles of a humanitarian track record for which Britain has earned a reputation so far. An "Action Committee' has reportedly been formed by London's Tamil community to meet the above challenges in the draft bills. It may be recorded in this connection that the House of Lords set its seal on asylum seekers in the now famous CROWN vs. SIVAKUMARAN case when 5 Tamil asylum seekers whom the Home Office forcibly deported to SRI LANKA in 1988 successfully won their case when they established that on their being returned to Sri Lanka, they had undergone torture and persecution. The court ordered on that occasion that they be brought back to UK and they in fact returned.

Page 30
30 TAMIL TIMES
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15 AUGUST 1992
UBRANG
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Chitra Wisweswaran
The finest exponent of this ancient art form, recently honoured with a Padma Sri by the Govemment of India.
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15 AUGUST 1992
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