Page 1
இதெல்ளை நீதுக்
தஜிட்டுத்தலங்கே
தாக்குதல்களை நி: நேர்
| so
ir ULF (coas for
Federal Solution
 

"I do not agree With a Word of what you say, but I defend to the death your right to say it."
— WOttare
il se
In Memory of Indo-Lonko Agreement
esponse to Sinhala Chauvinism

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15 SEPTEMBER 1992
CONTENTS
Premadasa consolidates his position. .. 4
NGOs urge cease fire and peace talks... 5 ISSN
ANNUAL
CRM lists 30 cases of political thuggery. 6 UK/India/Sri La, Australia. . . . . .
Displaced Muslims seek return North. .. 7 Canada. . . . . . .
Chandrika attacks “Hela Urumaya”. . . .10
All other count
Pu
Talks with Tigers were right-Hameed. 11 ΤΑΜ
P.Ο
C
Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily SUಗ್ದಣ್ಣ those of the editor or the publishers.
Phone:
POLITICS OF THUGGERY AN
Though the death and destruction resulting from the war in the North-East since June 1990 is continuing, the claim has been that the south of the island has become normal and peaceful and that the terror and counter-terror that characterised noS parts of the south during 1988-1990 are a thing of the past never to be repeated. But the recent spate of incidents of politically motivated violence and thuggery leaves little room for placing much confidence in this claim.
The much respected Civil Rights Movement of Sri Lanka has recently highlighted thirty recent acts of political violence and thuggery, which it described as a "new dimension of violence that is disfiguring society' and as representing a serious threat to peace and democracy in the country. The CRM identifies the perpetrators of this new wave of violence to include pro-government, anti-government elements as well as state agencies, and points out that "the victims are persons whose politics or other activities or views are unpalatable to the perpetrators and that members of the media and allied occupations such as printers have in particular been targeted'.
The instances of the raid at the Navagama Press and its destruction while under police guard, attacks on opposition political meetings and demonstrations, violence against Provincial Councillors, intimidation within the precincts of the university, violence at the recent funerals at the Kanate Cemetery and a series of attacks on media personnel including outside the Fort railway station when reporters were subjected to physical violence and the threats against and the subsequent stabbing of a political cartoonist are some of the examples that the CRM has highlighted.
The government's rhetoric about its commitment to democracy and freedom of expression rings hollow in the context of what has been happening. The attackers of the political Cartoonist, Yoonoos, threatened him that he would be killed it he continued to draw cartoons about the President. The correspondent of Asia week, John Colmey, was subjected to interrogation by the CID for having in possession illustrated material" about the President. Not long ago, Richard de Zoysa, was murdered while being engaged in producing a satirical play reportedly about the President. Though the recent attack at the Fort railway station on journalists covering the signature campaign by an opposition political party was witnessed and confirmed by independent foreign journalists, and the names and identity of the attackers had been given to the police, the Prime Minister in a statement published in the state-controlled newspapers claimed that what happened
 

TAMIL TIMES 3. .
CONTENTS
TULF calls for Federal Solution. . . . . . . 12
0266-4488 In memory of Indo-Sri Lanka Accord...13 SUBSCRIPTION ka...10/USS30 A new leadership needed. . . . . . . . . . . 14.
AusS40 CanS35 News Round-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19. jes. . . E15/USS30 blished by Sub-Continental Scene . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
TIMES TD Book Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 BOX 121 URREY SM1 3TD
The publishers assume no responsibility for return of DKINGOOM unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and artwork. O81-644 0972
D FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
there was a clash between the party supporters and commuters - a statement which was palpably false.
The government's action in seeking to suppress the publication of the recent extraordinary revelations by one of the country's top police officers, former Deputy inspector General of Police Premadasa Udugampola, instituting criminall prosecutions under the draconian emergency regulations against newspaper editors and publishers who had the courage to publish those disclosures and preventing a debate in parliament on the issue by the spurious use of the sub-judice rule reflected the reality of the extent to which freedom of expression and democratic politics by open debate have been undermined in Sri Lanka.
The opposition Sri Lanka Freedom Party and its allies, when they were in power in the past, have also been guilty of suppression of free expression and muzzling the press. That their supporters recently targeted a pro-government journalist, Dayan Jayatilleke, for a violent and degrading attack at the Kanate cemetery is indicative of the fact that much reliance cannot be placed on their protestations about freedom of expression.
The recent physical attacks upon journalists have produced an unaccustomed flurry of activity among a section of Sri Lankan journalists, whose conduct (with a few notable exceptions) has for too long been characterised by their cowardly servility, partisanship, self-censorship, sycophancy, and to sum it up a total lack of the ethics of journalism, a subject which certainly deserves separate treatment. Several organisations of journalists which have been lying dormant have become activated. A Free Media Movement has been formed and it has begun a campaign to divest state-control of the media. Over 500 journalists recently held a demonstration followed by a protest public meeting at which they claimed that "the ruthless attacks on the press had prompted the journalists of the country to take to the streets and confront those who were manipulating the thugs to harass the press'. The Foreign Correspondents Association based in Colombo have extended their full cooperation and support to their local Counterparts.
One can only express the hope that the campaign by the journalists and their associations will help to free the media from state-control, guarantee freedom of expression and produce a truly independent and impartial press in Sri Lanka. To achieve this, to begin with the journalists themselves must develop their own professional integrity, cease to be propagandists of one side or the other and follow the much wonted maxim 'Facts are sacred, Comment is free.

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4 TAMIL TIMES
Presidentia Election Petiti On D
Premadasa COnSOiC
His POSition
fron Rita Sebastian in Colombo
The Supreme Court decision upholding the validity of President Ranasinghe Premadasa's election has, consolidated his political position and restored legitimacy to his government.
Described as one of the longest trials in the island's legal history, the case in which Sri Lanka Freedom Party leader Mrs. Sirima Bandaranaike challenged the validity of the election on the grounds of general intimidation and electoral malpractices, took over three and a half years. 勒
The 5-bench court while conceding general intimidation due to the uprising by the left-wing Janatha Vimukti Peramuna (JVP) who had targeted both voters and candidates, however held that it did not necessarily indicate that the climate of general intimidation affected Premadasa's rivals more than it did him.
Since taking office in January 1989 President Premadasa has faced a number of moves to force him out of office. The biggest threat to his leadership came from within his own party, when United National Party dissidents, led by former Ministers Lalith Athulathmudali and Gamini Dissanayake, together with the country's political opposition, slapped an impeachment resolution against him in August 1991.
He survived that as well as the many no-confidence motions brought against his government. The Supreme court judgement he considers another victory, 'a confirmation of the mandate given to me by the people'.
The question that is being increasingly asked following the judgement is whether it would prod the President to taking some decisive steps with regard to the many political and economic problems he is faced with.
The priority issue still remains the resolving of the northeast conflict with bomb attacks, landmines and the onoff battles between the Tigers and government forces, taking its deadly toll of human life.
The government seems to have almost shelved its responsibility by leaving the deliberations to a Parliamentary Select Committee. The Parliamentary Select Committee however has not been able to make much headway on the unit of devolu
tion, the most conte agenda.
Confusing the is been the inability of Tamil parties to worl formula for power northeast provinces, ings and draft prop have not reached an Sri Lanka Muslim dent, A.M. Ashraff, that he will release h als for the resolution an international pre: been meeting the Buddhist clergy with their approval for hl northeast.
While the Tamil pc
now openly talkin
arrangement for Ashraf has caution the term "federalism',
Federalism' in the people is somethin dangerous. It is not p word federalism as it use the word Eelam , Ashraff.
Repatria frO
The repatriation of S refugees from India August following the August of an intel issued on 19 August High Court to suspe tion process for a wee
The 'stay order' wa: petition filed by P. N dent of the Tamilar (Tamil National Mov Ramadas, President Makkal Kadchi (Prc Party) alleging that government was forci the refugees to Sri La reluctance to return the war-ravaged nort provinces.
The petitioners alle refugees had compl were being forced t “voluntary consent st which they were bein
- they would be put in s
implicated in crimina

ateS
tious issue on its
sue further has the Muslims and out some kind of sharing in the So many meetosals after, they meeting point. Congress Presitho has indicated is newest proposof the conflict, at is conference has hierarchy of the a view to getting s solution to the
litical groups are g of a federal the northeast, ed against using
minds of Sinhala g "inimical and rudent to use the t is imprudent to and merger says
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
And while the conflict continues President Premadasa totally committed to his political and administrative responsibilities travels extensively in the country supervising programmes.
Two programmes that he is concentrating on is creating enclaves of entrepreneurship in remote areas with the setting up of 200 textiles factories which will provide 100,000 jobs.
The second project deals with a major re-structuring of the administration, by decentralising political power to Divisional secretariats.
There is also considerable speculation that the President may reorganise and streamline his cabinet as he has shown dissatisfaction in some of his senior Ministers.
It is well known that some members of the Cabinet were sympathetic to the
impeachment motion. So the President
would think the time opportune to rid the cabinet of these elements. He has however very little talent to draw on, as he has very few skilled or experienced politicians left in the government with whom he can share responsibility.
But what seems uncertain at the moment is whether the country will
slide into a period of protracted elector
al politics until the next Presidential elections, leaving the military and political stalemate to continue as it is,
or seek to resolving some of the out
standing issues.
tion of Tamil Refugees lm India Resumed
ri Lankan Tamil resumed on 31 vacation on 27 im stay ordero by the Madras nd the repatriak.
issued following dumaran, PresiDesiya Iyakkam ement) and Dr.
of the Pattali etarian Peoples the Tamil Nadu bly sending back nka despite their ) their homes in ern and eastern
ged that several ined that they sign so-called itement, failing threatened that ecial camps and cases. They also
argued that since peace did not prevail in Sri Lanka, this was not the proper time to repatriate the refugees as their lives might be in danger on their return.
The involvement of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in the supervision of the repatriation process was relied upon by the judge in vacating the 'stay order'. The UNHCR interviewed the refugees and when 42 of the 556 refugees said that they did not want to go back, they were sent back to the camps', Mr. P. Bhaskaradas, Secretary for Rehabilitation of the Tamil Nadu government claimed.
The judge in his order said: "it is clear that the UNHCR representatives, whose impartiality cannot be questioned, were present to ascertain whether the refugees were going back to their country voluntarily. There was no material to show that the government had adopted intimidatory tactics. Sufficient material is not now available to show that the refugees

Page 5
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
who had expressed unwillingness had been compelled to leave the country'.
It is reported that the UNHCR has drawn up a $6 million plan to resettle refugees on their return to Sri Lanka.
Of the 120,000 refugees who had come to India in the last three years, 115,000 were put up in 377 camps in Tamil Nadu. Of them, it was claimed that 30,000 expressed willingness to return when the Sri Lankan and Indian governments announced a rehabilitation package.
Between 20 January and 4 May this year, two ships undertook 27 voyages and between 29 April and 15 May, Indian airlines organised 35 flights to repatriate 23,000 refugees in all. As many as 8,904 refugees still remain to be repatriated among those who had signed up.
Many including the refugees themselves contest the official assertions that only those who volunteer were being returned. Recently 132 refugees, including 13 infants, were put on a special flight to Trincomalee in eastern Sri Lanka. At the Madras airport, before they boarded the plane, the refugees said that they did not wish to go back in view of the continuing violence in the island, but had been "pressurised' by officials into returning. :
The UNHCR official was not there at the airport to confirm or deny the claim by the refugees.
The refugees, mostly from the Mandapam camp near Rameshwaram alleged that the Special Deputy Collector in charge of their camp had brought pressure upon them. "The Deputy Collector told us that our allowances would be stopped if we did not sign the consent forms, but we hear that in camps in Madurai and Trichy, the officers were kind and there have been no pressures to go', said Thiruchelvam, a young man from Vavuniya in the island.
Another refugee, who did not want to reveal his name said, "Ninety percent of the people here do not wish to go. But the camp authorities had given them an ultimatum, giving them no choice in the matter'.
Mahendran from Trincomalee admitted that he had signed up for going, but did not want to leave now. I have received letters saying that conditions in the eastern province are bad. I wanted a postponement, but the camp authorities insisted that I must leave with this batch'.
According to a relief worker, thirtynine families in Toppukolai camp in Pudukottai district wanted a few weeks' time to leave, but the authorities would not listen. "There are so
many things to b leaves a place fo school certificates But they were gi notice', he said.
“We can never t again. But we a people here for fee us up for so long remark of an oldw meagre belongings
India has perm officials to visit th Tamil Nadu and fugees to find out voluntarily returni
Ascertaining the
NGOs Ur
Many Non-Govern recently held sessi upon the internatic the warring partie restore fully all hu
The text of the st Commission of Jul Peoples, American
Our organization rights and fundam people and their na political factions in blockade in place si camps, residential schools and hospita numbering more th
The Sub-Commis extensive testimon Commission on Hul 1987/61 in which humanitarian norr execution as well compelled to addres years. In 1991 the 4/1992/118/ Add.1 r parts of the countr As a result of th widespread humani read out a stateme all parties “to respe and urged negotia damental freedoms country.'
Regrettably, the many proposals for concerned governm Lankan governme) Members of Parlia mediating body. Th government of Swe The internationa especially those in discrimination tow international comm Sri Lanka specifica negotiations betwee the Tamil people; (2 norms; (3) to dema country; (4) to rest(

got when a family
good - children's r arrears of wages. ren only 24 hours
rn to India for help e thankful to the ling us and putting , was the parting pman clutching her
itted the UNHCR 2 refugee camps in
sample-check rewhether they are
TAMIL TIMES 5
refugees to return is one of five conditions on which the UNHCR has agreed to assist those returning. The other conditions include the provision of a list of repatriates and completed repatriation forms; giving the list of refugee camps in which the sample-checking is to be done; review of the cases of repatriates who want to postpone their departure or decide to stay in India; and permitting UNHCR to give the refugees details of the assistance the UNHCR is rendering to those returning to Sri Lanka.
India agreed to UNHCR inspection in view of the persistent criticism that
2. Tamil Nadu officials were forcing the willingness of the refugees to return to Sri Lanka.
ge Cease-Fire and Peace Talks
mental Organisations in a joint-statement submitted to the on of the UN Sub-Commission on Human Rights have called inal community to urge a cease-fire and negotiations between , to fully comply with the norms of humanitarian law and to man rights and fundamental freedoms.
atement signed by over 20 NGOs, including the International ists, International League for the Rights and Liberation of Association of Jurists and Arab Lawyers Union, is as follows:
is have been extremely concerned about violations of human ental freedoms in Sri Lanka both in the context of the Tamil ational struggle in the north and east and the oppression of the south. At present, we strongly condemn the economic nce July 1990 as well as on-going military attacks on refugee areas and protected facilities such as places of worship, ls. Disappearances in the south and east continue unabated, han 5,000 in the east since June 1990.
sion first adopted a resolution on Sri Lanka in 1984 following y regarding communal violence against the Tamils. The man Rights has also responded, most notably in its resolution it called upon the parties to the conflict to comply with ns. The commission rapporteurs on torture and summary as the Working Group on Disappearances have also been is the grave situation in Sri Lanka annually for a number of Working Group visited Sri Lanka, and in UN Doc. E/CN eported truly alarming statistics on disappearances in all 7. is evidence, and also in response to compelling evidence of tarian law violations, on 27 February 1992 the Commission ut of ‘serious concern”. The statement once again called upon 2t fully the universally accepted rules of humanitarian law' ions based on the principles of human rights and funleading to a durable peace in the north and east of the
'8 Sri Lankan government has not seriously responded to the cease-fire and peace talks, even when presented by other 2nts. We are disappointed at the recent rejection by the Sri t of the Canadian Human Rights Mission, composed of ment, religious leaders, a lawyer and a journalist as a is was followed by a failure to respond to an offer by the len to mediate.
community has appeared to respond to other situations, urope, with a stronger resolve, presenting the impression of rds non-western peoples and cultures. We appeal to the unity to treat all these grave situations equally. Regarding y, we ask the Sub-Commission (1) to urge a cease fire and
the warring parties within the context of the aspirations of . to call on the parties to comply fully with humanitarian law : ld the lifting of the economic blockade of the north of the 'e fully all human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Page 6
6 TAMIL TIMES
"Ban Null & Void", says
Claiming that the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was a “combatant in an armed conflict against the Sri Lankan government and such a status had been recognised in international law, the London-based International Secretariat of the LTTE from
its headquarters at 54 Tavistock
Place, London WC1H 9RG, in a state
ment dated 6 August submitted to the
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Tri
bunal in Delhi said that the declara
tion by the Indian authorities banning the LTTE under section 3 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967 was null, void and inoperative in law.
The statement added that the provisions of the 1967 Act are a clear violation of the fundamental right of freedom of expression secured by international law and enshrined in the Indian Constitution as well, hence are not only ultra vires the Indian Constitution but also offend the peremptory norms of international law. Therefore the purported ban on the LTTE was null and void.
The statement added that the LTTE was not an 'association' within the meaning of that expression in the 1967 Act, and in any event was not an association vithin the territorial jurisdiction of the government of India. The 'objective of the LTTE to secure the right of self determination of the people of Tamil Eelam, cannot be regarded in law as an unlawful activity within the meaning of that expression' in the 1967 Act. It also denied that the 'objective of the LTTE was to disrupt the sovereignty or territorial integrity of India' and that it had engaged in any activity whatsoever whether directly or indirectly to support that end'.
Petition Against Ban
In the meantime, Prof. Theeran, President of the Pattali Makkal Katchi (Proletarian Peoples Party), in his petition dated 8 August to the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Tribunal, has objected to the banning notification declaring "the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam including its members, activists, armed groups and sympathisers working on Indian soil' to be "an unlawful association.'
Declaring that his party had been an active supporter of Tamil Eelam and also a sympathiser of the LTTE fighting for achieving Tamil Eelam in Sri Lanka, Prof. Theeran added in his petition that the notification was aimed to suppress even expression of honest and sincere support to the
groups fighting Lanka like the constituted un and the exercise by the citizen clearly political Asserting th Nadu including worked for the that his party unity and integ. acterising the
CRM
The new dimer disfiguring the rious portent f and democracy Civil Rights M statement issue
The stateme ports of violenc points to the fi place in the sothe country wh or insurgency t 'explanation'; t clude pro-gov government ele agencies; that t whose politics views are unpa tors, and that and allied occup have in particu
Thuggery in to Sri Lanka, sa of its earlier s that have ex power since inc measure to bla allowing their : law with impur today is that w learned anythi the past. "Perha threat comes tendency to glo attacked, while one's friends al It is always ea human rights ( agrees. But the are prepared to of those whom detest'.
The special ernment in p moral right, a ability, to dem from all, inclu nents, is stres than protectin violence and in ment must als see that dissi

LTTE
for their rights in Sri LTTE which clearly easonable restriction of fundamental rights 3 of India, and was y motivated. at nobody in Tamil his party advocated or division of India and had full faith in the ity of India, and charfinding of the Indian
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
government that the Tamil National Retrieval Army in collaboration with the LTTE and its leader Mr. Prabhakaran was working for the division of the country as "a falsehood and fraud'. Prof. Theeran has appealed to the Tribunal not to approve the banning notification, and in case it found substance to justify the action taken against the LTTE, at least to delete the words "sympathisers working on Indian soil" as otherwise it would cause mischief to the exercise of fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution.
lists 30 Cases of Political Thuggery
ision of violence that is society is a most seor the future of peace in Sri Lanka, says the ovement (CRM) in a ed on 28 August.
nt recalls some 30 ree in recent months. It act that violence takes called "peaceful' part of ere there is no civil war o serve as an 'excuse' or hat its perpetrators invernment and antiments as well as state the victims are persons or other activities or latable to the perpetramembers of the media pations such as printers lar been targeted. politics is nothing new lys CRM, citing several tatements. All parties ercised governmental lependence are in some ame for the results of supporters to break the ity. What is intolerable e do not seem to have ng from the lessons of ps the most dangerous from the pervasive at when one's enemy is being indignant when 'e at the receiving end. sy to speak up for the f those with whom one real test is whether we stand up for the rights we differ from or even
esponsibility of a govwer is to protect its s well as its practical nd respect for the law ling its political oppoed. This goes further ; people from physical imidation. The governtake positive action to lent views are given
legitimate means of peaceful expression. Freedom of speech is not merely a right but also an important safety valve. An obvious step that must be taken is to open the radio and television to opposing views, and to make them a vehicle for reflecting public debate on political and other controversial matters.
The government needs to take clear, resolute and forceful steps to ensure that persons are able to speak and publish their views in however outspoken or displeasing a manner, and to otherwise participate in the democratic process, and that they are protected from violence when they do so. If the government convinces its opponents of its sincerity in so doing, and matches this with actual performance, there may be fresh hope for the survivall of democracy in Sri Lanka, and a possibility of isolating any elements wedded to violence for ruthless and self-seeking ends, CRM states.
The instances referred to in the statement include the destruction of the Navagama Press while under police guard; attacks on the DUNF; violence against members of the Mt. Lavinia-Dehiwala Municipal Council and the North Central Province Council; intimidation at the university; intimidation of protesters at Kandalama; attacks on media personnel during the pada yatra, at the Attangalla meeting, at the Kalubowila hospital, and outside the Fort Railway Station; violence against ministers and others at the Kanatte Cemetery, violence at the Opposition's 'hartal' commemoration meeting; and the knifing of the
Aththa' cartoonist.
The CRM also states, However infuriated some might feel at actions of the government, this is no excuse for physically attacking ministers or others at a funeral. There is no justification for setting upon Dayan Jayatilleke, any more than there can be any excuse for the assault and stabbing of Yoonoos for the avowed

Page 7
15SEPTEMBER 99
purpose of deterring him from drawing political cartoons.
Nor is there any justification for indifference, or a 'serve them right' attitude, to violence against the
DUNF (or, for that party, because it: time, while safe in
participated in the man rights of other
Displaced Muslims Want to Return to
in the North
Around 150,000 Muslims displaced from the North have in a memorandum addressed to President Rana singhe Premadasa voiced their intention to go back to their homeland and live in peace and har Inarny with dignity ernjoying the same freedom, rights and privileges guaranteed under the Constitution of Sri Lanka, which they enjoyed prior to October 30, 1990,
The memorandum has been sent to the President by the displaced North Muslims Rehabilitation Corn Tittee con behalf of the displaced Muslims from the North.
"Our committee further assures that it vil extendits co-operation to President Prerima da sa and the gove Tırtment, all political parties, all religious groups and ethnic groups and all persons concerned in their endeavour to achieve our objective, the memorandum stated.
It said that the younger generation of the displaced northern Muslims were becoming frustrated day by day. "This may even lead to various antisocial activities in time to come unless immediate and correct measures were taken. The committee suggested that these youth should be involved in national youth services activities."
The Tenorandu. In added:
"The displaced northern Muslims have not benefited under the government policy of recruitinent under the ethnic ratio since 1990. Action should be taken immediately to rectify this grawe injustice.
The committee is made to understand that the displaced northern Muslims in order to seek appointments in the public service are required to produce their voters list to establish that they are residents in the said area for the past three years,
"The committee has received representations from six graduates among
the displaced nic According to Orne || refused appointmer vice as she could voter's list. The coi the relevant author displaced northern requirement.
"It is suggested th crn Muslims should exa IIllinations for obtaining employ II service in the areas now residing.
"The orphans fri Muslims should be ation officers and President's foster Similarly, the physi should also be assis"
"The committee w that most of there water, toilet and ot ties. Therefore it is : services of the Co. Board should be obt Inspectors may be camps on a regular
The committee I Puttalarn district 1,000 students are c. schools in the after the duration of the 2,2 hours. This is accommodation in th "The Committee, til as a temporary mea ment Construct temp Funds for this purp from the de-centrali tion of the Members the Northern Provi noted that for the li displaced northern benefited from the 8 cently a northern I cated funds from budget allocation to district'.
"Failure to Recognise Language Rig
Cause of Conflict
President Rana singhe Premadasa is aware that one of the root causes of minority discontent is that although Tamilis an official language, it has mot been properly implemented by the bureaucrats, 8aid Mr. Desmond Fernando P.C. Chairman of the Official
Languages Commis.
The President is 0. minorities should transact all busines: The It in Tail which all right and he has see that the minorit

TAMIL TIMES 7
rmatter, any Other 5 leaders in their the seats of power,
denial of the hu.
S.
heir Homes
rthern Muslims. graduate, she was ut in the public ser
not produce the Tl Tmittee appeals LC0 ities to exempt the Muslims from this
Lat displaced northbe permitted to sit
the purpose of ent in the public sin which they are
om the displaced isited by the probabsorbed into the parent scherine. ically handicapped ted by the State. fishes to point out :fugee camps lack ler sanitary facilisuggested that the In IInon AImenities ained. The Health directed to visit. basis.
notes that in the alone, more than Ipelled to attend Loons. Regrettably session is only for lue to the lack of 1e schools,
herefore suggests, sure, that governorary classrooms, pse may be drawn zed budget allocas of Parliament of nce, It should be Ist two years, the Muslims have not aid allocation, ReTwice MP allhis de-centralised a school in Matale
ghts Root
зіоп recently.
f the view that the lave the right to with the govern1 is a constitutiongiven priority to ies will be able tio
exercise this right, Mr. Fernando said.
Under the constitution all persons have a right ti) trans-act business with every single government institution in Sinhala, Tamil or English, one is entitled to a reply in the language the communication is addressed.
Any person is entitled to go to any government departinent or institution and transact business orally in Tamil Cor English. Further, any person in the southern part of the country, that is other than in the North and the East, is entitled to get a copy of any docuIT ent in Tamil or English.
Likewise in the northern and eastern provinces the language of administration is Tamil but a Sinhalaspeaking person has a right to get a reply in Sinhala to any letter he writes to the administration there.
Mr. Fernando said that the commission has selected Colombo for a survey to assess the degree to which the Colombo Municipality is complying with the official language provisions of the constitution. The survey cornrulences on September 7, 1992,
"This was because Colombo is the capital of the country and it contains a large number of Tamill-speaking persons. And we want to make it easy, to ensure that Sinhala, Tamil and Eriglish speaking persons will all have the right to come to the municipality and transact business in all three languages, MT. Fernando said.
He said the commission has many powers. "We have the right to monitor the use of these three languages. We also have the power to punish any official who wilfully refuses to transact any business in any of the official languages'.
"For instance if you write a letter in Tamil and the head of that particular department wilfully refuses to answer the letter in Tamil we can take action to punish that person', he said,
The Official Languages Commission was set up in December, 1991 by the government to monitor the use of the official languages. It was set up under the Act of Parliament number 18 of 1991.
A Thong the steps the commission will take to monitor the imple Ilentation of the Act, will be to check every street name board in the city to ascertain that they are in all three languages. Likewise, every form used will be checked to see whether it is printed in all three languages,
Failure to ensure that the language rights of the minorities are recognised by bureaucrats is one of the major causes of the present ethnic crisis. The
Continued on page 9

Page 8
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Page 9
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
Continued from page 7
government is determined that the people should in practice as well as in law enjoy their constitutional rights to transact business with the govern
rinent in all threel
A Cross-section also be intervie whether they are cise their languag nando said.
Govt. Slashes Refugee Assist UNHCR Expresses Conce
The United Nations High Commission for Refugees has expressed concern Over reported lack of funds that has led to the Rehabilitation Ministry cutting down 50 per cent of the dry rations provided to Lankan refugees.
Peter Nicholas of the UNHCR in Colombo told the press that the cutback could affect the repatriation process which had been launched on the assurance of government's support to the refugees returning from India.
"The returnees depend on the dry ration and government support to restart life here. Once they realise that the support is diminishing they might have second thoughts on returning to Sri Lanka," Dr. Nicholas warned, More than 22,000 refugees have returned to Sri Lanka from India during the past few months,
He said the UNHCR would hawe appreciated if the government had informed it about the reduction in advance, giving it time to adapt to the new situation.
UNHCR programmes, he said were
normally arranged cially when they stricken areas.
Dr. Nicholas als Trincomalee being tion points had he capacity and was problems. The rece cess in Trincomale this year. Dr, Nic. the overcrowded T. camps were in an E
He said the UNH with both the Sri I governments to fer to the Mannar Isle conditions were bet
Meanwhile, th Ministry has beer desperate situation has allocated only F Rs. 2.6 billion is net 500,000 refugees in
They said the T asked for Inore m rations would be was provided.
UN Human Rights Team to Visit Sri Lank
A delegation from the United Nations Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances is expected to visit Sri Lanka early next month to take stock of the hurman rights situation in the island.
Human rights activist and SLFP Member of Parliament, Mahinda Rajapakse told the press that the threemember UN team is expected to arrive on October 5 and stay for about 10 days visiting various parts of the country and holding talks with government officials, human rights activists and lawyers.
The visit comes at a time when human rights groups - monitoring human rights abuses in Sri Lanka have noted a marked improvement in the situation compared to the period two or three years ago,
Amnesty International, the international human rights organisation, recently noted in its latest annual report that the Government has taken severall steps to 'improve human rights protection in Sri Lanka.
These include the creation of a Presidential Commission of Inquiry into the Involuntary Removal of Persons to
investigate 'disappE between January 1992 and the setti Rights Task Force tral register of all th Prewerintion of Te Emergency Regula tor their fundamen But Amnesty Inte the security forces ble for disappeari judicial executions LTTE with gros abuses, including th ing of prisoners,
Mr. Rajapaksa sa rights team expe might also try to wis to inquire into repor abuses there.
He said the UN also to monitor the plementation of pro: the human rights si by a similar delega Working Group oi The UN team i5 e into continuing rep ances, although or before, he added.

TAMIL TIMES 9
languages,
of ratepayers will Wed Lo ascertain able tu freely exergC2 rights, Mr. Fer
tanCe
in advance, espeinvolve tragedy
i0 pointed out that one of the repatriairdly any receptive beset with many nt repatriation pro2 started in August holas claimed that rimcomalee refugee ppalling condition, CR had negotiated Jankan and Indian y futuro returnees Linds where overall tET, e Rehabilitation 1 plunged into a as the government Rs. 1 billion though aded for more than
са прs. reasury, had been ney and the full restored once this
a in October
tarances occurring 1991 and January 1g up cof a Human LC) Tlaimtair a cenLOSC held under the rrorism Act and ions, and to monial rights. Trnational als Said were still responsiIllees and extraand charged the + hu Tian rights E2 tırtıllı re arıldı kil
d the UN human ted next month t. Jaffna, this tirne is of human rights
42a In Will be here Government's insals to improve Llation submitted il from the UN Disappearances Epected to inquire rts of disappearlesser scale than
Lalith Athu llathmudal Fired Upon and Attacked
The leader of the Democratic United National Front (DUNF), Lalith Athullatih mudali and his supporters were fired upon and attacked with iron bars and clubs con 29August at Kawdana in Dehiwela, about 8 miles from the capital, Color Ilbo,
The gang dressed in camouflage arrily uniforms fired twice at Athulathmudali. The shots narrowly missed him but one of his bodyguards was hit, who suffered a fractured skull. The gang then attacked Mr. AthulathInudali and his supporters with iron rods and clubs. He suffered a leg injury while three of his bodyguards received head injuries requiring hospital treatIIllt.
Athulathmudali's supporters retaliated resulting in injuries to one of the attackers, all of whom had fled the scene reportedly leaving the vehicle in which they had arrived.
Athulathmudali alleged that supporters of a ruling party politician from Dehiwela were responsible for the attack.
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Page 10
10 AMİ MES
American journalist John Colmey working for the Asia Week magazine was questioned by the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in connection with some “illustrated material' found in his possession which, if published could have brought the government into disrepute and caused disaffection. This constituted an offence under the prevailing emergency regulations, Presidential Advisor on International Relations Bradman Weerakoon said on 6 August.
John Colmey has not been deported but had left the country on his own accord. The CID had questioned him on his involvement in the illustrated material' and after recording a statement he had been released, Mr. Weerakoon told journalists at the weekly news conference on 6 August at the Sri Jayewardenepura parliamentary complex.
Q: What is this illustrated nate
Journalist Questioned On "Illustrat
On President
rial' you refer or a cartoon? A: It was no drawing.
G: You sa brought the g repute and c. Was it positive Would have d
A: This is as this.
Q: Did you A: Yes.
Q: How is ዘ?
A: It is inde Q: Why, w raphic nature A: Certainl political natur Q: Did it sh a Tiger?
A: I can't re. there was the
Chandrika Attacks ”Hela Uru||
“The Hela Urumaya Group is trying to kindle the flames of communalism once again in the South. This is very dangerous', says Mrs. Chandrika Kumaratunga who has vehemently condemned this group now operating within the SLFP.
Mrs. Chandrika Kumaratunge observes that at a time when the minorities are regaining their lost confidence in the SLFP, the activities of the Hela Urumaya Group would tend to forestall this emerging trend.
According to her, the majority of SLFP will not bow down to the Hela Urumaya politics. She observes that the SLFP has not accepted the politics of this group.
Mrs. Kumaratunge now considered as the SLFP political theoretician, is spelling out the party stand on several vital current issues.
In a scathing attack on the Hela
Urumaya Group, she has stated that the whole world is awaiting the SLFP's solution to the North East problem. In this context she wondered whether the Hela Urumaya Group is deliberately trying to sabotage the growing confidence of the minorities in the SLFP.
Regarding the North East question, Mrs. Kumaratunga says that areas in the East inhabited by Tamil people should be merged with the North.
There should tration for the East. Similarly separate admini lims in Tamil a eration. Many o regard were ei manifesto prese idential election
Mrs. Kumara although the SL cies of the DPA Sirima Bandar other leaders ar that these propo the Tamil proble She has obser Tamil people too as citizens of thi rights now enjoy their equals. It Sinhala majority ing of those righ She has furth the treatment m in the past sp governments, it that the Tamil East would plac government of a She has there tem of devoluti North and East powers to Provir

15 SEPTEMBER 1992
bd Materiall'
to? Was it a picture
it a picture: it was a
熊、 ly it "could have overnment into disaused disaffection? ly determined that it Dne a this?
much as I know on
See if?
t? Can you describe
scribable. as it of a pornogp
y not. It was of a e
ow somebody riding
member exactly. But face of a Tiger.
Q: Was it by a Sri Lankan cartoonist?
A: I don't know. Q: Didi i showly the Presidert riding on the back of a Tiger?
A: There was no such thing. Q: Was the President depicted anywhere in that cartoon?
A: Yes, but I don't know further details. John Colmey was questioned for the totality of that drawing.
Q: This journalist was from Asia Week'?
A: He has some connection. You all probably know more about it.
Q:ls it the position that political cartoons depicting the President Will not be allowed
A: It is not that. This is something much more than a political cartoon. This is something which deemed a CID investigation. It would have if published brought the government into disrepute and caused disaffection. That is a violation of the emergency. Inquiries were held under that ambit. I see no reason why I should describe it.
maya”
be a separate adminisSinhala areas in the the suggestion that a istration for the Musreas deserves considf my proposals in this mbodied in the DPA hted for the 1988 Press', she says.
tunga observes that FP differed with poli, she finds that Mrs. anaike and several e now of the opinion sals aiming at solving
m should be accepted.
red: "I believe that the have the right to live s country enjoying all ed by the Sinhalese as is the duty of the to agree to the grantts.ʼ er stated: "In view of eted out to the Tamils 2cially by the UNP is difficult to believe people of the Northany confidence in a Sinhala party. fore advocated a syson of power in the y granting additional cial Councils.
Cartoonist Stabbed
Jiffry Yoonoos, aged 60, a veteran political cartoonist working with the left-wing Sinhala daily Aththa was attacked and knifed by "thugs' nearh. residence in Colombo on the evening .
18 August. He sustained stab injuries to his face.
The attack followed just a day after gunmen forcibly entered his home and threatened him with death the previous day. On the night of 17 August an unidentified armed gang storme. Yoonoos's residence in Borella. smashed a three-wheeler belong to his wife, and one of the gang shoved pistol in the cartoonist's mouth whilanother thrust a knife into his ribs anc threatened him to stop drawing cartoons about the President or get killed
The stabbling attack occurred after Yoonoos had complained about the previous day's incident ir, a letter to the Inspector general of Police stating that he had identified a certain "notorious criminal' as the leader of the gang which attacked him. He had provided the IGP with the "nickname of the gang leader.
In his letter to the IGP, Yoonoos stated: "At about 9.15 on the night of August 17, 1992, while my wife and I were watching television, I heard the sound of a car screeching to a halt
Continued on page 11

Page 11
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
‘‘ ............ .................................. ................. "مدعْمَةِ..................جہنم ۔ خلجی خدع"" ۔۔۔ خیختےہ
“We Were Right in Talking to the Tigers
by T. Sabaratnam
Justice and Higher Education Minister, Shahul Hameed, who talked to the Tigers for 14 months, said he was becoming more and more convinced that what they did was the correct thing.
Inaugurating the full day seminar "Federalism, devolution and provincial councils: a reappraisal', organised by the council for Liberal Democracy, Minister Hameed said: "In those 14 months we tried to make the LTTE accept the Provincial Council system and work within it. In those 14 months we started confidence-building and tried to gradually move forward from there'.
When I think of it now, I become more and more convinced that what we did was correct, the approach we adopted was the best, the minister said.
He said the crisis Shri Lanka is facing is nothing peculiar. Similar crises are experienced in many parts of the world. They are mainly the result of the neglect of concerns of minority communities. The League of Nations founded after the first world war was sensitive to the interests of the minority communities.
After the war, the emphasis shifted to human rights and nation states were equated to national majorities. This resulted in the “nationalisation' of cultural minorities. That occurred almost in parallel to the nationalisation of the economy.
He regretted that while the World Bank was stressing on denationalisation of the economy, the United Nations had failed to talk about the denationalisation of the national minorities.
All minority groups want to retain their identities, their roots.
Continued from page 10 opposite my house at No.18A National Housing Scheme, Colombo 8. Suddenly the gates were flung open and about 20 thugs, led by a notorious lumpen and criminal, rushed into my front erandah shouting raw obscenities in Sinhala'.
Four journalists' organisations, the Free Media Movement, Sri Lanka Working Journalists Association, Sri Lanka Foreign Correspondents Asso
tion and the Union of Journalists of Sri Lanka have protested to the government against the attack on Yoonoos pointing out that the attack in him was one of a series of attacks on cal and foreign journalists in the past conth.
Shri Lanka went process since indep the Sinhala Only A 1971 the second ( lished. The 1972 Re tion placed Sinhala It removed Section Constitution which
garded as a safegua The 1978 constitu
single and multi-m cies and introduce representation syst preferential voting these measures ero the minorities had majority communi said.
He said since 19 measures were tak trend. Fundamental justiciable, the Sta citizenship. Tamilw language.
He singled out the sixth amendment to passed a few days a as the step which relations most.
"I opposed it. I op good reasons. As a looked at its reality, tion. I told the cabi ment would drive aw from parliament. I to MPs should be ther ment to talk to.
"If they are drive have to talk with the My warnings were talked to the Tam others', he said.
Minister Hameed important role in a Conferences (APC, another mistake the made in 1984. The A six months and subst was reached in most
The TULF accepte national anthem. The rate regional councils and eastern province up of a co-ordinating cussed.
“We were at the p the deal but the oppo sed. That was trag consequences for Shr
Again, Mr. Hamee Bangalore SAARC su ber 1984 a rare chan the adjoining room Prabhakaran. But I place.

TAM TIMES 1
, - Hameed
hrough this global endence. In 1956, it was enacted. In hamber was abopublican Constitu)nly on a pedestal. 9 of the Soulbury the minorities re
ion did away with ember constituen
the proportional em. Subsequently tas introduced. All led the confidence
in the national y, Mr. Hameed
78 some positive in to reverse this rights were made (eless were given as made an official
enactment of the the constitution ter the 1983 riots damaged ethnic
posed it for very foreign minister I results and reacnet that amenday the Tamil MPs ld them the Tamil e for the govern
away you may m through others. not heeded. We il MPs through
who played an ll the All-Party ) then related hen government PC was held for antial agreement matters.
the flag and the creation of sepafor the northern and the setting council was dis
bint of clinching rtunity was mis. It had tragic
Lanka'.
said, during the mmit in Novem2 was missed. In were MGR and ) meeting took
He defended the talks with the LTTE. That was an effort to bring them back to the democratic mainstream.
Mistakes have been made. Chances had been missed. But the question now is to find a solution. A solution is a must for without a solution the future will be bleak.
There are three possible solutions that come to his mind, he said. One is federalism. For that the constitution has to be amended. A two-third majority and an approval in a referendum is needed for that.
The second is to do away with the three lists - the subjects and powers allocated to the centre, provincial councils and the concurrent list - and to adopt a list of the subjects allocated to the provinces. To do this, some say the constitution should be amended by a two-third majority. Some say a twothird majority and a referendum are necessary.
The third alternative is to devolve most of the executive powers to the provinces. Then the executive at the centre will become ceremonial.
Mr. Hameed said whatever the solution, the support of the people is needed. A consensus of the people should be evolved.
"Creation of such consensus is the responsibility of all political parties and men of goodwill. People want a solution. They want an end to bloodshed', Minister Hameed said.
琛
Premadasa ACCused
Accusing President Premadasa's government of being the only government in the history of the world to have supplied weapons to an organisation that was engaged in a war against the State, Anura Bandaranaike, SLFP MP revealed in parliament recently that during the time the IPKF was fighting the LTTE, the government gave the Tigers a large quantity of weapons including 5,000 Chinese made T-56 rifles, twenty thousand
rounds of ammunition, walkie-talkies,
jungle boots, ventilators to be used in underground bunkers etc. On the instructions of President Premadasa these weapons were taken to Mullaitivu and delivered at Vettilaikerni to the LTTE by an army officer holding the rank of Lieutenant whose sworn testimony in the form of an affidavit was in his possession, he added. In response, cabinet minister Ranil Wickremasinghe said that it was for the purpose of defeating the Tamil National Army that the government assisted and sought the support of the LTTE.

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
TULF Calls for Federal Sc
by Roshan Peiris
Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) leader, M. Siva breaking a long silence has appealed to all Tamil groups co-operate and work for a political solution to the ethnic cr on federal lines.
In an interview Mr. Sivasithamparam answered questio described as the 'sad and tragic' ethnic conflict.
"I lost my house, my law books, my car - they were all bur have no place to live, except here - the TULF office. I somet I think of the ethnic crisis here. It is very sad, and very tr very many lives are lost - Tamil, Sinhala and Muslim. The damage to property, a complete breakdown of economic North and East and a total absence of law and order, Mr. S
am said.
Excerpts from the interview:
Question:ls federalsma possible solution to the ethnic Crisis?
Answer: I think the only solution to the ethnic problem is a solution based on federal principles.
Q: Does it mean you are giving up the Eelam demand?
A: The TULF support federalism as a compromise to preserve the unity of the country.
Q: Would you agree that Provinclal Councils are a beginning?
A: One must not mistake decentralisation for devolution. That is the mistake that has been made. To us, they are two different things.
Once power in certain subjects is devolved in the federal unit, then the Centre should not interfere in the legislative and executive functions of the peripheral unit, except in the case of external aggression or civil war.
The Centre can control foreign affairs, communications, currency etc.
Q: In the federal system of India, the Centre has dismissed state governments. How does this fit in with your views?
A: I believe t should not have t. solve the periphe there is complete : of finance.
Even if this hap) must simultaneous new elections. It co for a short interim tional circumstanc Q: The two maj ties, the UNP and not yet submitted to the Select Col ethnic crisis. They stated they are age of the North and your view?
A: I am thorough that the two main p ing shy of placing before the Select C one is trying to pla with the other, inst to a solution that W As for the merg and East, the mer and sheet anchor o that all Tamil polit agreed.
G: You need fo the position of the
Editor Urges Sinhalese a. to Break Out of Extremist
A senior Indian journalist who played
a significant role in formulating the
Indo-Lanka Accord of 1987 appealed to both Sinhalese and Tamils to break away from the Sinhala Only and Eelam traps and find a solution to the ethnic problem based on the federal features already in place.
Delivering the Amirthalingam Memorial Lecture at the BMICH in Colombo on 31 August, Frontline magazine editor N. Ram urged the moderates of both communities to
come to the fore a solution. Veteran Tar General Secretary of Liberation Front (TU. lingam was assassil gunmen in July 1989
Mr. Ram told the TI Eelam demand as it understanding amon Sinhala people and Tamil question as a mand based on huma and fairplay.

15 SEPTEMBER 1992
blution
sithamparam, and parties to isis, preferably
ns on what he
ntin 1983, so I imes cry when agic for all. So re is extensive activity in the ivasithampar
hat the Centre ne power to disral unit, unless mismanagement
pens, the Centre ly set a date for uld be done only period in excepS. or national parthe SLFP, have their proposals nnittee on the have also both minst the merger East. What is
hly disappointed arties are fighttheir proposals ommittee. Each y hide and seek ead of agreeing rould work.
er of the North ger is the basis four policy. On ical groups are
also appreciate 2 other parties,
what about the reaction of the Sinhala people to a merger?
A: I believe the Sinhala political leadership must agree to a merger. I don't think the Sinhala people will create difficulties. We are confident that the Sinhala people could be convinced that a merger is a solution to this running sore”.
After all, the government has gone ahead with the privatisation of public enterprises and of estates despite protests. The government must go ahead and accept the merger as a fait accompli.
Q: There is fear among the Sinhala people that the merger would lead to the formation of a Tamil kingdom together with the Indian Tamils in the estate areas. Don't you think this is a legitimate fear?
A: The Tamil people do not seek to set up a kingdom with the estate Indian Tamils, though doubtless there are common cultural bonds.
Earlier, the Sinhala people expressed fear of the Tamils in the North and East allying with South India. That too has proved a baseless fear, so is this one.
Q: Do you think you can carry all the Tamil political partles with you, in proposing federalism?
A: There are differences of approaches between the TULF and some of the other Tamil groups. But we have worked together in the past and are prepared to work together now to find a political solution on federal lines.
A military solution will never last - genocide will be the only result.
The Bandara naikeChelvanayakam Pact of 1957 had the necessary political ingredients for a federal solution. I hope it can be revived as a basis for federalism.
(The Sunday Times, 6.9.92). l
Tamils Traps'
nd work out a mil politician and the Tamil United LF), A. Amirthanated by LTTE
ULF to drop the has created misg the majority to present the democratic deun rights, justice
Amirthalingam
Memoria Lecture
He also asked the TULF to drop the twin demands of right of selfdetermination and Tamil homeland as they only bred suspicion in the minds of the Sinhala people.
He urged the Sinhala moderates to agree to build on the two documents: Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam Pact and the Indo-Lanka Accord of 1987.
I believe it is time Shri Lanka breaks out of the Sinhala Only and
Continued on page 15

Page 13
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
in Memory of Indo-Sri Lanka A
by Dr. Jayadeva Uyangoda, Senior Lecturer in Political Science, Univer
July 29 marked the fifth anniversary of signing the Indo-Lanka Accord
Peace Accord in Colombo. Even before.
it marked the fifth year, the Accord had relegated itself to the realm of remembering the things past. For some, the Accord is dead and buried; for some others, it is still alive and around us. Such competing claims notwithstanding, Sri Lankans will continue to find themselves, at least for the foreseeable future, living under the colossal shadow of the Accord.
Emergence of JVP
In Sri Lanka, the Accord brought to the surface considerable dissension within the ruling UNP. It was also seized by the underground JVP as a new springboard to emerge as a formidable counter-state force. The Provincial Councils and the IPKF were turned into major anti-UNP propaganda planks by the SLFP and other Sinhalese opposition parties too. For all the Sinhalese nationalist forces, both in and outside the government, signing the Accord by Jayewardene was nothing short of a betrayal of unpardonable magnitude.
When President Junius Jayewardene decided in mid-1988 to hand over the reigns of the UNP to the then Prime Minister Premadasa, who had opposed the Accord, the political fate of the July '87 initiative also took an unmistakeably new turn. If Jayewardene outsmarted Gandhi by handing over the responsibility of North-East war to India, President Premadasa, in his first six months in office, thwarted any further Indian assertion in Sri Lanka's ethnic politics. Indeed, Premadasa's peace initiative with the LTTE in April 1989 was a major signal that New Delhi had absolutely no political role in Sri Lanka, as envisaged and conceptualized in the Accord.
This is not to say that President Premadasa was single-mindedly determined to invalidate the Accord. Even if he wanted to let the Accord be in force, he could not have kept it alive. The point is that the very circumstances under which the Accord was signed had made it imperative that its implementation required the presence in power of both Jayewardene and Gandhi. However, the Accord was signed during the last year of Jayewardene's constitutionally mandated second
e
Moreover, Ja most controvers canvassing any even within his the country at non-supporter i India’s only gua to be operative station its troop led Peace Keepi a’s territory.
But, the Prem the SLFP, the J short all major Lanka - were u mediate and unc of the IPKF. V soldier boarded malee harbour Delhis direct rol mediatory — in tl came to an effect
Provinc
However, the mere archival do chaos to which it Lanka, with all t. ciation it attracte the Sri Lankan secure one signi cial Councils.
The 13th Ame have been made been for the J adventure of Ju Amendment, by if not only, progre piece of constitut Sri Lankan par since independe Tamils a workab
i limitations, Con
autonomy. It also re-structuring of in Sri Lanka in th tionary democrac
Herein lies the Accord as well. T variety of reason willingness on th sections of both In jointly try out a
For Rajiv Ga change of mind K and surprising m tion which coulc tinuous diplomat for India in the For Jayewarden ted, it was a Napc

۸بیتی: تر . . . . , ۰ ...»
he CCOrd
ity of Colombo
'ewardene signed this ial document without support for his move own party, let alone in large. Even with a n office in Colombo, rantee for the Accord
was to continue to i, euphemistically callng Force, in Sri Lank
adasa administration, VP and the LTTE in political actors in Sri nanimous on the imonditional withdrawal When the last IPKF
the ship at Trincoin March 1990, New e - military as well as he North-East conflict cive end.
ial Councils
Accord is not yet a cument. With all the led both India and Sri he hatred and denund, the Accord enabled Tamil community to icant gain – Provin
ndment would never possible, had it not ayewardene-Gandhi lly, 1987. The 13th he way, is the most, 'ssive and democratic ional legislation that liament has passed nce. It offered the le, albeit with some titutional basis for envisaged a radical he postcolonial state e direction of devolu
y. political failure of the he Accord, due to a s, signified a sudden part of some ruling dia and Sri Lanka to olitical solution.
ndhi, Jayewardene’s erhaps meant a rare ment of accommoda
also secure a conic and military role ffairs of Sri Lanka. , as he later admitleonesque moment; a
TAMIL TIMES 13
strategic opportunity that would not r come by every day. Hence the haste and optimism of both Jayewardene and Gandhi.
Yet, the crux of the matter is that neither the Sinhalese society nor the Tamil society knew exactly what a political solution' would have entailed.
For the LTTE, the package offered in the Accord to Tamils was too little, too late. For Sinhalese nationalists forces it was too much and too early. For the EPRLF, which accepted the Accord and went along with it, it was a political experiment to be constantly supported and ensured by India. Many other Tamil militant groups decided to watch the events, while taking a rest in Colombo. And finally, for the Premadasa administration, survival amidst a Southern rebellion was too urgent a matter to be disregarded.
The Southern opposition to the Accord in a way changed the Southern politics too. Resistance emerged from a range of sources; the underground JVP organized and led violent protests with the active support of many other Sinhalese nationalist parties. The entire South swiftly became a battle ground in which contending claims of patrioticallegiance to the "Motherland' were tested, with increasing ferocity, till the end of 1989. Indeed, the entire spectrum of the Sinhalese opposition political parties, except those of the Left, swiftly and willingly capitulated before the JVP's anti-Indian mobilization.
The JVP's demise in the latter part of 1989 marked the end of militant Southern opposition to the Accord. Yet, the Accord and its consequences continued to dominate the political debate in Sri Lanka.
The Provincial Councils and devolution, which were written into the Constitution of the Republic and constituted a central theme in the political debate, are direct political creations of the Accord. Still lacking in much political support and even legitimacy, devolution, nevertheless, is a real fact of post-’87 Sri Lankan politics.
Tamil response One may hate and forget the Accord"
as a bad dream; yet one can only be foolish by being oblivious to the 13th Amendment which has set parameters of the political debate concerning Sri Lanka's ethnic relations, today and tomorrow.
Looking back at the Sri Lankan Tamil response to the Accord and the political ambience which surrounded it, we are confronted with a seemingly inexplicable question: What made
Continued on page 14

Page 14
14 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 13 Prabhakaran and the LTTE reject the political package offered through the Accord?
Many reasons have been adduced by commentators for the LTTE's enigmatic behaviour. A somewhat consensus view is that a primarily military and militaristic organization, which had consistently lacked a clear political character, acted the way it did. Political and military blunders made in Colombo and Delhi enabled the LTTE leadership to justify its own political delinquency. And all this in turn compelled the Sri Lankan Tamil people to bear yet another era of senseless war.
The LTTE-IPKF confrontation was immensely destructive as far as the civilian populace was concerned. So has been the second phase of the war with the Sri Lankan state since July 1990. In the course of the post-Accord war, Tamil nationalism too came to be hegemonized by a phenomenon called "Tigerism' an intransigent militarism which, though couched in the rhetoric of the nation, is fascistic in essence.
It may not be as a direct result of the Accord that fascistic nationalisms appeared simultaneously in Sinhala and Tamil societies. Rather, the Accord was the catalyst for the crystallization of these forces. While the LTTE largely succeeded in annihilating, or rendering ineffective, all its rivals in the Tamil political spectrum, the JVP, ironically, paid the heaviest price for its own sudden spurt generated by the post-Accord crisis.
At a crucial moment of the JVP's ascendancy, President Premadasa stripped the JVP of its own claim to anti-Indian patriotism by leading a concerted anti-IPKF propaganda drive.
When Premadasa effectively broke the JVP's monopoly of anti-Indian discourse in mid-1989, the job of dealing with the JVP was a mere military task. Thus, the story of the rise and fall of the second JVP insurrection is closely interwoven with the zig-zag course of post-Accord politics.
Intractable question
The story, however, of the LTTE and the Tamil ethnic question has not ended in the same fashion. Again and again, events have proved that it is the most intractable question in twentieth century Sri Lankan politics.
Developments since July 1987 have not made the task of ethnic accommodation less insurmountable. India's role as a mediator has now effectively ended and for the utter jubilation of chauvinistic forces in the South, there
Continued on page 19
LIBERATIC
A New
There was a time when any convers two Tamil people, the world, would h by issues related liberate Eelam. Th the case is a mat
CerIl.
It is not because
factors have chang war being waged army is still as bru government is st Sinhala people are
The Tamil people i oppressed. The lacl other than nation as stark.
But, somehow, f least, a sense of ap dismiss this as ar merely indicative would be to miss important signs.
Tamil people ab but apathetic in re nessed by the func numbers willing streets, and the profile and level through various ca bying activities. Th now almost past his people in Eelam a sign that somethil wrong somewhere.
For Tamil people is a luxury they them the suffocatir Sinhala state and sion of the Sinhala their door step, tha well. They grant th one protecting the of the Sinhala st them, however, tha enthusiasm for str that was once com ary people, seems faded away.
This sense of a struggle among O home and abroad, e ing that the only pa lies in our nationa the question of w about.
Support Based Clearly the ans group that has take of the Tamil nation

15 SEPTEMBER 1992
N, ONLY SOLUTION TO OPPRESSION
y Leadership Needed
by C. Ramilla
e, not so long ago, iation between any almost anywhere in ave been dominated to the struggle to at this is no longer ter for serious con
any of the objective ged. There is still a . The Sri Lankan tal. The Sri Lankan ill as bullish. The still as chauvinistic. n Eelam are still as of any alternative, al liberation is still
or Tamils abroad at athy has set in. To irrelevant factor, of a fickle nature, the significance of
oad were anything cent times, as witls raised, the large to march on the high international
of support won mpaigning and lobefact that all this is story, while still our re struggling, is a ng has gone badly
e in Eelam, apathy,
cannot afford. For g oppression of the the brutal represarmy is a reality on t is known only too Leir support to anym from the horrors ate. Even among t spark and sizzling uggle and change, mon among ordinsomehow to have
ienation from the rdinary people at ven while recognisth to our salvation l liberation, raises hy this has come
on Expediency
wer lies with the n on the leadership al liberation strug
gle, the LTTE. It is the role of leaders to provide leadership. The leadership provided by the LTTE, while being militarily very effective, has been politically and in social terms disastrous. There is nothing less counter productive than alienating a people when you are conducting a peoples' struggle.
Tamil people of Eelam, of course, will continue to grant support to the LTTE as long as there is external terror from which the LTTE are the only form of defence. This, however, is support based on expediency. It is not the form of support that is necessary for winning and defending victory. For that the full nation has to be harnessed. The LTTE has miserably failed in this task, if indeed it thought it necessary to do this in the first place.
As a force for social transformation, for freedom, democracy and equality, the LTTE has shown itself to be utterly bankrupt. It is this bankruptcy and inability to bring about social transformation even in areas that have effectively been liberated, that has killed the sparkle and sizzling enthusiasm among ordinary people.
Promise of change has not materialised. Lofty hopes have been dashed. It is this that is at the root cause of peoples' apathy and alienation. Replacing one form of oppression, with another is nobody's idea of winning freedom. The noble ideals of liberty, democracy and equality need to be translated into concrete actions in order to inspire people into involvement and commitment.
The LTTE's largest recruiting ground now is the under ten age group. This raises many questions of morals and ethics. Is it right to place arms and live ammunitions in the hands of young children? Is it correct to mobilise for active combat immature little children who are too young to make informed decisions and too small to shoulder the full burdens of adult responsibility? What are we as a people, if we can take cover in safety while allowing the most vulnerable and dependent among us to be used as cannon fodder on our behalf?
Use of Children
These are questions that none of us can escape whether living at home or abroad. But the reason for these questions being raised in the first place, is due to the fact that the LTTE has to

Page 15
15 SEPTEMEBER 1992
resort to using children precisely because it has failed to harness the full and active participation of the adult population.
The LTTE has more than simply failed to realise the ideals of freedom and democracy within the nation, necessary to really mobilise people on a mass scale. It in fact actively pursues a policy that inspires, even within Tamil people, fear, rather than the will to freedom; imposes the rule of the gun over democratic principles; and thwarts equality within the nation, between Tamil Muslims, Christians and Hindus, Tamil women and men and between Tamil oppressed and privileged castes and classes.
This is not merely being bankrupt as a force for social change. It is in fact the case that the very essence of LTTE as an organisation has consistently been and continued to be antithetical to the principles of freedom, democracy and equality as expressed within the Tamil nation.
While the LTTE represents a formidable threat to democratic, civil society within Eelam, it is undeniably the case that they are spearheading the war for national liberation from Sinhala state oppression that poses an even greater threat to Tamil people.
This position of the LTTE, of defending Eelam from Sinhala state oppression while at the same time posing a formidable threat in itself to democratic civil society within Eelam, is a position that leadsto considerable dif. ficulty for many people in terms of engaging with the struggle. Attacking the LTTE while defending the legitimacy of the need fornational liberation has been a position that has been politically difficult to negotiate.
This has not been helped by the fact that traitors to the Eelam cause have used the exposure of the LTTE as a means of denying the legitimacy of the entire Tamil struggle for national liberation. Thereby they have attempted to sabotage the whole struggle. But to do this is to fail to make the distinction between a struggle and its leadership.
Apathy and Alienation
Our struggle for national liberation is the only solution to our national oppression. Who leads it, however, is for Tamil people to decide and is in itself a battle ground. And it is a decision that has to be weighed and made on a continuous basis, in keeping with the essence of democracy in practice.
While apathy, disillusionment and alienation are growing among Tamil people, on the one hand, yet the solu
tion to this problem i.
The solution is re. growing number al those who are willi handle the threats p LTTE and the Sinh who are able to restat liberation in its full s from the purely milita replace it firmly bac agenda where it belo
What we as a peop leaders who are as ding Sinhala oppres Connnitted to the Cre ty in Eelam based ( individual freedom, sponsibility and eq citizens. This is th society that can use of its most importal people, to build a s prosperous nation defeated.
In order to bring ership it is the respor Tamil person to take task of sowing the se democracy and equ sphere of life, before made barren by force both sides of our natic
The Price of
When these ideals and reflected in the of ordinary Tamil m children throughout c tion, it is then that v sight. For a nation of ised will be undefea possibilities for creati to allow the full poten and our nation to limitless.
The price of failur being condemned to tormented destruction is condemning our fut to live in a state of sla enslaved in what w former homelands, or psychologically enslav oppressive and racist ( themselves in, throu persed diaspora.
Clearly a new leade to take our struggle LTTE cannot deliver f er effective they a needs to be able to do up the heads of a co every now and th though this achievem establish freedom for
Our leaders are wha order to produce a lea liberate our nation an

TAMIL TIMES 15
s also growing. oresented by the nd stridency of ng and able to Osed by both the ala state. Those .e. the meaning of ense, to rescue it ury agenda and to K on the political ngS.
le need now are dedicated to ension as they are ation of a socieon principles of
Collective re|uality between e only kind of the full potential nt resource, its trong, free and that cannot be
about this leadnsibility of every on the laborious 2eds of freedom, |ality in every the ground is s of thuggery on bnal frontiers.
Failure
are internalised everyday actions len, women and bur dispersed naictory will be in people so mobiltable. And the ng the conditions tial of our people prosper will be
e is high. It is live through the of our nation. It ture generations very. Physically vill become our emotionally and red by whatever 2ulture they find ughout the dis
ership is needed to victory. The reedom, howevre militarily. It more than serve uple of generals en, stupendous 2nt is, in order to Tamil people. it we produce. In dership that will d ourselves from
every form of oppression, we need to take colective responsibility for creating a society that will settle for nothing less than full freedom and dignity for all our people.
All power to our future leaders who will be able to guide our nation to victory under the truly liberating banner of freedom, democracy and equality.
Continued from page 12
Eelam traps. The Tamils should evaluate whether the Eelam demand had helped them to achieve their objectives and the Sinhalese should consider whether their policy of denying the just demands of the Tamils helped them, he said.
Mr. Ram who called the LTTE Pol . Pottist said the Lankan security forces are on top now. With better fire-power, planning, training and manpower, the Lankan forces would be able to pin down the Tigers in a conventional war, he said. But the LTTE would revert to guerrilla warfare where it would resort to hit-and-run tactics. It would ambush the troops and set off landmines.
"It's an unwinnable war', he said and added that reality should be accepted, taken into account.
He advocated a political solution built on the federal features already accepted and administered.
The idea of a multi-ethnic state, the idea of pluralism, of devolution of power and of the temporary merger of the northern and eastern provinces have all been accepted. The citizenship issue, official status for the Tamil language and the question of land have all been settled. You can build upon these, he said.
Mr. Ram said the word federalism had been much abused in Shri Lanka. It had been thought of as a means to separation. Even in India the word federalism is not much liked or used. The word federalism is not in the Indian constitution.
What is there in a word. What is important is reality. If you can make use of federal features without using the word federalism, use it, he said.
In India federalism had worked. In eastern India federal features had been enshrined to find a solution to the Mizoram and Assam insurgencies. He said Shri Lanka should learn from these Indian experiences.
Mr. Ram described the Indo-Lanka Accord as a failure and blamed the LTTE for not permitting it to work. He also condemned the Indian dual policy of supporting Shri Lanka's sovereign
Continued on page 24

Page 16
16 TAM TIMES
“Eelam is a Pipe-Dre but a Responset Sinhala-Buddhist Chau\
N. Ram, Editor of Frontline and of The Hinduin a rece
Lakshman Gunasekera
Q: You are best known here, in Sri Lanka, as an Indian journalist who has been involved in the political
dialogue between the Sri Lankan
government and the Tamil secessionist groups. How do you reconcile this kind of involvement with your professional standing as an "uninvolved' communicator; as a supposedly 'objective' reporter? Would you recommend such ‘involved journalism”?
A: I always perceived myself as a journalist and, whatever position I took on this issue came as a by-product of my journalistic interest in, and coverage of, the ethnic conflict. So in that sense, when you are concerned with political or humanitarian issues, in this case, very human problems, it is very hard to say that I am absolutely neutral on it. To get "involved' is, no doubt, an unconventional role for journalists. But you have to make your choice. I wouldn't recommend it as an ideal. But there are such situations; It happened in Vietnam, in China, with various journalists. When there is a major transformation or crisis in society people would take a stand. My opinion was sought. And I really wished the process well. I gave whatever I could contribute positively. That's a personal, moral choice. I think in a violent conflict very few of us would be neutral.
C: You wanted to end the violence?
A: In whatever little way one could contribute.
Q: What has been your role in the politics of Sri Lankan Tamil secessionism and the attempts to resolve the ethnic conflict?
A: I was never happy with the politics of Sri Lankan Tamil secessionism. On the one hand you had sympathy for the Tamils who were struggling for justice. We saw them as victims of this conflict who were being denied their right to equality; were denied fairplay. On the other hand, (and this was part of the overall Indian response) people were never really happy with the Eelam demand. But at that time the emphasis was on solidarity and sympathy and along the way the policy lost its focus and the Indian central government helped to build up
Tamil militancy. A never supported th but in practice wet with this policy. I wa that policy which II
as I said in my lect certainly believed attempts to provid negotiations from t athy days right ul Lanka Agreement. came only along the detailed coverage. as professionals cov Lankan Tamil orgar the LTTE.
Q: You were in fire?
A: I was Associa Hindu - I am still nisation. I was wr. editorials and analy Lanka. We began to ly, particularly aft pogrom in July 198 intensive coverage fact in the initial 1985, there was very LTTE. For one thill accessible. Secondly ras, it was not cle principal player. Son Gandhi took over, militants were being in the negotiations Thimpu in 1985. Thi was that the TULF nalised and you ha the groups and, LTTE. It was onl coverage began to re basically reflected th in Madras by the va Tamil organisations. and 1985 it was larg the TULF negotia LTTE representative they were very oper had legitimacy at were dealing with g Centre and State. It were very euphoric store as militancy ad tants dida number the killing of the TEI Anuradhapura ma perception was tha brought into a fram

15 SEPTEMBER 1992
Pam
Ο ViniSm”
it interview with
s a journalist II e Eelam demand ended to go along s also a believer in now call 'schizoid' ure on Monday. I in the Indian good offices for ne G. Parathasar) to the Indo-Sri My involvement track of coverage, We saw ourselves ering various Sri isations including
The Hindu at that
te Editor of The in the same orgaiting most of the tical pieces on Sri cover this serious2r the anti-Tamil 3 when there was in The Hindu. In period, till about r little focus on the ng they were not , sitting in Madlar who was the he time after Rajiv in late 1984, the fielded as players '. They came to 2n the assessment had been margil to deal with all particularly, the 7 then that our flect it. Because it e positions taken rious Sri Lankan So between 1983 'ely a coverage of ing position till s came to us. And ; you know, they hat point. They overnments, both s not that people bout what lay in vanced. The miliof awful things - O leadership, the sacre. But the
ܙܵܝܵܐ ܕܱ
, they could be
2work. That you
N. Ram, Editor, Frontline.
could put pressure on the negotiating process by their struggle advancing but without letting them set the terms. This proved to be a fatal flaw in the policy. Where I came in was some time in 1986/87 when I began to be regarded as a specialist in India as a journalist and analyst on the Sri Lankan ethnic conflict. Because of our coverage of the militant phenomenon, the negotiations, the bilateral dealings between the governments of India and Sri Lanka, it was presumed that we had quite a lot of insight. I was approached by people on both sides; by both governments. I gave my opinion. I came here to interview President Jayewardhene in February 1987 and this became an 'off the record discussion.
Q: Did you bring any proposals?
A: I did not bring any proposals then. But when they asked my opinions I gave it. It was not very different from what I had written publicly. I believed you had to devolve power, you had to make changes in a federal direction. It was not just me. A lot of people believed that. I also emphasised the importance of merging the North and the East. That kind of input, you see - purely when somebody asks. Beyond that I think my role has been exaggerated. I certainly conveyed an assessment of what I thought the LTTE was up to, and the Indian government was up to. And likewise, in India, I conveyed what I had picked up here. So in that sense this information input may have made some difference. But beyond that I was not part of any negotiation. Although I did participate in some long sessions with Dixit and President Jayewardene along with some others - they were not discussions, I certainly did not broker.
Q: When was that?
A: That was in February 1987, and there was a follow up.

Page 17
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
C: In Colombo?
A: Yes, in Colombo. There were more than ten hours of intensive discussion. People were agonising over what to do. I met various players.
G: Who else was there?
A: I met Lalith, I met Gamini, and other players. But mainly J.R., and Dixit who is now Foreign Secretary.
Q: What was your sense, at that finne, of the attitude of the Sri Lankan side?
A: They were agonising overa solution to the problem and they were serious about it. There was a chauvinistic attitude here; a hawkish attitude also. But I was impressed by the fact that the Sri Lankan government leadership was willing to go as far it was. This was appreciated in India. To agree to a provisional merger, to bring the Indian army into the theatre to guarantee the settlement, was a major step which required a lot of political courage. It was a real step forward.
Q: Are you as involved today as you were at that time? Or are you now more of an observer; a connentafor?
A: I'm not as active as that because Indian policy has become somewhat inert, or inactive. So there is no question of my playing a role. Because I don't play an independent role. It is part of a policy response or, what I would call a “democratic' response. Today I hope some solution could be found. But the limitations of what you can do even with the influence of your ideas is now apparent. In contrast to that period, today it is mainly a question for Sri Lankans to decide themselves. If my ideas are asked I'll give them.
Q: What is your perception of the interplay today between the Sri Lankan conflict and politics in Tamil Naddu?
A: This interplay is basically over. I think those mistakes will not be made again.
Q: Could cross-border ethnic sympathies be revived? Could there be a popular response to any attempt, by Tamil Nadu politicians, to arouse sentiment for the Eelam cause? There are reports that Jayalalitha may be up to something like this.
A: Such sympathies will not be revived because people in India, particularly politicians in Tamil Nadu, have learnt their lesson. Public opinion is remarkably unsympathetic towards the Sri Lankan Tamil militants. In fact it is extremely hostile to the LTTE. This is evident from polls and the results of elections held. They are
probably 're Whether som lians, if it ! doesn’t), wou of hobnobbin has to be wat was soft on th Karunanidhi practical tern ment. Jayalal are young an became Chief al steps. Tha assassination evidence we g it. But today t for anyone wh the LTTE. Re that "we hav Militantsʼ. Bu “this does not pathy for the Q: That qui question aris lutely no pos responses to тaran spend block refuge A: Neduma with the Eela viduals on th sent any kind there is resid the fate of th are the victin The denial by ment of acces Sri Lankan re wrong. But J. that you can't longer - let can't drive ba has been to reflect sympa
GQ: MWhat o Dravidian na
A: People fringe. The t Dravidian me AIA-DMK, a the militants before and it question. But short of some If (for arguI doesn't happe butchered, th lic opinion is militants hav people in Ta blame the LT would blame other side.
Q: Five ye maarachchi ( was a high South lindia fa Sri Lankan tions, on the

TAMIL TIMES 17
garded as terrorists. e horrible attack on civitakes place (I hope it ld fuel some accusations g with the LTTE. This shed. Because earlier she nem. After all, it was not who helped the LTTE in hs but the MGR governlitha once said that “they d idealistic. But after she Minister she took severt was a reaction to the
of Rajiv and the clear tot of the LTTE's hand in here will be little support to appeared to be backing cently Karunanidhi said 'e no sympathy for the ut he said however that mean we have no symSri Lankan Tamills”.
alification is crucia. The es why, if there is absosibility of using popular this issue, would Nedutime on filing a case to 2 repatriation? ran is in clear sympathy m cause. These are indie fringe who don't repreof popular opinion. But lual moral feeling about e refugees because they ns of the ethnic conflict. the Jayalalitha governs to higher education for fugee children is morally ayalalitha's perception is , bear the burden for any them go back. But you ck people. The resistance that. But that does not thy for the militants.
Tamil Nadu politics of Pionalism?
like Ramdas are only a wo main parties of the ovement, the DMK and re not going to support at all. This has happened is legitimate to raise the this is not a factor today, extreme genocidal event. ment’s sake, I hope it n) a thousand people get 2n who knows? But pubagainst the way the e handled things. Today mil Nadu are likely to TE far more than they the chauvinists on the
ars ago, in the Vadaoffensive of 1987, there
popular response in the predicament of the amils. Today the condground, of the people of
Jaffna are much worse and you, yourself observed in your lecture on Monday that a possible military thrust into Jaffna is on the cards. Would you see an irony in that there may be less sympathy in South India today?
A: Today it is dramatically different. I would say that the likely response would be a deafening silence.
O: Despite a worsened predicafer?
A: Yes. India helped build up the militants' strength. And this has helped make the situation worse. Today most people would say that the LTTE is the main obstacle to a reasonable, democratic solution. If I said just this it would be one-sided, but that is the perception today. The earlier policy is now seen as a major misadventure. So there is a process of overreaction, of over-correction, which means today that it is none of India's business. It is now hands off.
Q: Was India's covert support for the militants at that time intended merely to ensure a settlement? Wasn't there a second motive, as well, to influence foreign policy in the context of bipolar global politics?
A: That is true. But the foreign policy baggage came along riding piggy back on the response to the major issue which was the ethnic conflict. Had that crisis not been there I doubt very much that these factors would have come in. Although there may have been some vague interest post1981, India did not have substantial interaction with the Sri Lanka crisis until the pressing situation developed in 1983. Even the concerns over the Israeli element and Trincomalee - had there been no such ethnic crisis there would have been no occasion for India to bring into play its foreign policy concerns. But today, minus India's role in guaranteeing the solution to the ethnic conflict, nobody in India thinks that the rest of the Indo-Sri Lankan Agreement is a live package.
Q: How far is India going to persist In its criminalization of Prabhakaran? ls India likely to make this an obstacle to Sri Lankan attempts to negotiafe with the IE? Is this sonne kind of hint to Colombo of Delhi's intention of remaining involved in the Sri Lankan Crisis?
A: The investigators have established a consistent pattern of LTTE operatives and sympathisers carrying out the assassination. It is absolutely clear that the order came from the top. To prove this Prabhakaran has to be brought to trial. Extradition becomes
Continued on page 25

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18 TAM TIMES
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15 SEPTEMEBER 1992
NEWS ROUND-UP
O PRESIDENT PREMADASA, addressing a meeting on 23 August at Talawakelle in the central Kandy district said: "Tamil plantation workers of Indian origin will not be left in the lurch. They have been living in our country for generations under trying and difficult conditions. If one were to go into the caste, creed, race, religion and place of birth of each and every individual, then government cannot mete out justice; then justice and fair play will be denied'.
"Mr. S. Thondaman gives leadership.
to the estate workers. Some try to create the impression that Mr. Thondaman is a racist and he is pro-Indian. I have known him well and associated with him closely. I know he is neither a racist or pro-Indian. But Thondaman fights against injustice', he added. OTHE SWISS government is seriously considering repatriating Sri Lankan refugees in that country to the island. A delegation of the Swiss government visited Sri Lanka in early August to study the situation and had interviews with several government officials and non-governmental organisations.
TULF Member of Parliament for Batticaloa, Mr. Joseph Pararajasingham, who met the Swiss team said that the modus operandi of the repatriation programme was that the refugees would be sent in batches and initially they would be kept in Colombo. The Swiss government would provide all assistance to the returnees for a period of one month. If the Sri Lankan government agreed to the proposal, the programme would be implemented soon.
Mr. Pararajasingham told the Swiss team that the situation in the NorthEast was not conducive for resettling refugees and requested that the decision to return the refugees should be reconsidered. O INDIAN Home Minister S.B. Chavan recently revealed to press reporters in Goa that the Indian government had information that the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) were “purchasing real estate property in Bangalore under benami transactions and it cannot be ruled out that Goa had not attracted their attention'. O ATLEAST35 Tamil persons, including women and 11 children were hacked or shot to death by an armed "unidentified’ gang on 6 August at Mahilanthanai, remote village on the Batticaloa-Polonnaruwa border. According to the TULF MP for the area, Joseph Pararajasingham, twelve
of the victims family; ten mol the attack had hospital; and inhabitants ha sought safety Valaichanai. Th villagers includ search party re a decomposed nearby jungles the victims of Tamils of Ind plantations who in the eastern munal violence
The attack o the day after which ten of th including Maj. and Brig. Wima Jaffna. Eye-wit survivors reve: were dressed il and were arr swords. At the jasingham, th ordered an inq and granted R each of the victi to be paid to th
O MILITARY S. following launch thquake' in the sula, governme key Sea Tiger' the north-west On 21 August resistance from reported that fiv backed by T-55 armoured perso flanks moved advance and des camps in Mada; of about 18 s. attack aircraft bombarded LTT the ground troop are reported to area captured a control of troop, that one soldie injured and seve killed, including identified as Ilar Kailas and Ar admitted that th “Charles Anthon, tharam Satkuna captains Ganes) morthy of Trin alias Kanapathip Kokkavil Road, killed in a count by the LTTE at gust.
On 28 August, ed army forwar Vettilaikerni in

belonged to the same e who were injured in been admitted to the ut of fear the other fled the village and n a refugee camp in e gang had abducted 9 ng two women, and a overed their bodies in state deep inside the on 12 August. Most of this massacre were ian origin from the had settled as farmers rovince after the comof August 1977.
n the village occurred he landmine blast in 2 senior army officers, Gen. Kobbelkaduwa laratne were killed in ness reports by some il that the attackers h army-type uniforms ned with guns and request of Mr. Pararahe government has iry into the massacre s. 2000 in respect of ms as funeral expenses e nearest relative.
OURCES claimed that hing of "Operation Earnorthern Jaffna peninnt troops captured a base off Mathagal on coast of the peninsula after meeting 'some the Tigers'. It was fe army battle groups, battle tanks and Buffel nnel carriers on their on a broad front of troyed three Sea Tiger gal capturing an area quare kilometres as and navy gunboats E positions to support ps. About 300 civilians have remained in the nd brought under the s. The army claimed r was killed and 18 ral LTTE cadres were ; some area leaders ngo, Nesan, Kanthan, uldasan. The LTTE he commander of the y Brigade', Somasunm alias Rajan and two han alias Puniyamcomalee and Vanni pillai Kananathan of Thunukkai had been Br offensive launched Madagal on 24 Au
LTTE cadres attackd defence lines near the Jaffna district
TAMIL TIMES 19
overrunning three defence bunkers and killing five soldiers.
Meanwhile it was reported that the LTTE had successfully hijacked a naval high speed dinghy fitted with guns which was anchored off the Mandaitivu coast near the naval base. The naval craft had 900 rounds of ammunition, a VHF communications set and life jackets. The five naval crew in charge of the craft had gone ashore during the night to rest when LTTE cadres had carried out their take over. Later, reports from Jaffna said that the LTTE had displayed the dinghy for public exhibition.
Continued from page 14
is hardly any space for another third party mediator, within or outside the South Asian region.
Tamil-Muslim conflicts in the East have not only terminated the validity of the old formulation of ethnic homogeneity of "Tamil-speaking people', but also made sharing of power between Tamil and Muslim communities in the East immensely problematic.
In Sinhalese society, the sheer inability of political and ideological leaders to come to grips with the basics of the ethnic question has paralyzed its soul, if it had one. So, Despite efforts m a de by a ffa ble Ma n g a la - Moonesinghe of the Select Committee, the carnage may go on and on.
This is not to argue that the Accord has lost its significance for Sri Lankan politics. Even with its inability to assert a politico-diplomatic validity, it has paradoxically provided a discourse within which political debate concerning some workable solution to the ethnic question can even be conceived.
Multi-ethnic character of Sri Lankan society, devolution and provincial councils, and merger of North-East provinces are the key formulations that are inscribed in the Accord and found their way to the political and constitutional debate. For that alone, long live the memory of the IndoLanka Accord.
100 Page Book Big Size
The Life and Times of a Tanni Activist
THE PRESS SPEAKS... KRSHNAVAKUNTHAWASAN
PRCE: 5.OO From:
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Page 20
20 TAMIL TIMES
Congress(I) Strengthened as Janata Dal Splinters
Janata Dalled by former Prime Minister, V.P. Singh, which emerged as the major national centrist alternative to the Congress(I), has virtually lost its position both on the national political scene and in Parliament mainly due to internal faction fighting and open splits. With the recent defection of 20 MPs from its ranks - and more reportedly in the offing - and the Speaker's controversial ruling allocating separate seats in the House to the breakaway group, the ills of Janata Dal has turned almost terminal and the fortunes of Prime Minister P.W. Narasimha Rao and his Congress(I) government have greatly improved.
With the untimely removal of its leader by an assassin during the election campaign last year, Congress(I) under the leadership of Mr. Rao just managed to form a minority government without an overall majority in the House. With the probability of the breakaway group of MPs joining the Congress(I), it has not only achieved a stable and strong position but also an overall majority of one in the House. The Rao government no longer needs to pander to the whims of minority parties upon whose votes it depended for its continuance in office.
The defections in the Janata Dal while being largely due to inner conflicts - personal and ideological - have also been helped by clever political engineering by the politically adroit Mr. Rao; he is no longer regarded as "Pending and Vacillating Narasimha Rao'. On the other hand, the gradual fragmentation of the Janata Dal and the fissures affecting the somewhat loosely knit National Front it headed earning it the nickname "Notional Front mark the end of opposition unity in the Indian Parliament. The days of the National Front seem to be numbered as the constituent parties comprising it would appear to have decided to go their own ways.
With more defections predicted from its ranks, the future prospects of the Janata Dal and its leader V.P. Singh seem bleak. . ܗ݈ܝ
With the emergence of Mr. Rao as a shrewd party leader with his consensus style ofleadership, trends point in the direction of a growing feeling of confidence that Congress(I) will not only stay in power for the full duration of the parliamentary term, but also will have a headstart to win the next elections whenever they are held.
Narasimha Rao s learnt one lesson whi leadership failed to rea even V.P. Singh wit. style of leadership faile namely that the "one le tion syndrome' would India of today.
k Financial Scan(
The sensational securi market scandal in Indi tic turn when the Cer Investigation moved arrested one of India's and member of the pr ning Commission, V Krishnamoorthy, recip highest award Padma 1989.
As the investigation the scare scenario ir powerful heads are rol and more powerful na mentioned. There is ir tion in Delhi that sever, bureaucrats and even ministers (already Com Chidamparam is a falle be involved in the scam. Even senior pe Reserve Bank of Indi from the growing susp vance with the "Big Mehta. It is said tha systems are among th world — almost a carbo: of the Bank of England. it is not the system that the men behind the syst ly and cleverly protecte lators of the system!
The recent comme Minister Rao calling for on "divisive' issues has the flames of suspicion limitation exercise in cover-up (as in the Bofo under way. Few are sa repeated assertions ministers of his govern to the scandal.
The sudden resignat director of the CBI, K. initiated and pursued tion with vigour, has si controversy - was he because he was getting many in too high a po investigations? In the CBI has decided to qu ernor of the Reserve E ataraman and its Fin Geeta Krishnan over conversations with now in jail.
 

15 SEPTEMBER 1992
!ems to have :h the Gandhi lise, and which his personal l to appreciate, der centralisalot work in the
lal Deepens
ties and stocktook a dramatral Bureau of swiftly and top technocrats estigious Plan'enkataraman ient of India's Vibhushan in
| deepens and creases, more ling and more mes are being tense speculaal of India's top
some cabinet merce Minister 2n victim) may unprecedented rsonnel of the a are not free icion of conniBull' Harshad at the Bank's he best in the n copy of those - and therefore has failed, but em have cleard the manipu
nt by Prime
a moratorium
added fuel to hat a damagethe form of a 's case) may be isfied with his hat no more ment are linked
on of the joint adhavan, who the investigait off a blaze of orced to resign too close to too sition with his meantime, the stion the Govank Mr. Venknce Secretary, heir telephone rishnamoorthy
dr Indo-Pakistan Relations
In spite of the deeply held belief in India that Pakistan is covertly supporting separatist and violent activities in Kashmir and Punjab, the two sides have, after two years, to resume dialogue even on such sensitive issues as Kashmir, the Siachen Glacier and nuclear non-proliferation.
While India's Foreign Secretary J.N. Dixit described the talks as merely "practical and constructive', and brought the problems "now much nearer to solution'. He added that both countries had decided to pull back their troops from the much disputed Siachen, the 20,000 feet high glacier in the Himalayas over which the two countries have been sporadically fighting over the last eight years.
In a letter delivered to the Indian Premier Narasimha Rao, the Prime Minister of Pakistan had proposed that the two countries discuss a 'final settlement' on the basis of the Simla Agreement. India which had traditionally adopted the position that Kashmir was "an integral part of India' and refused even to recognise or discuss the Kashmir problem as a "dispute' has of late shown some flexibility in its approach. On the basis of this change of stance, political observers speculate that if Pakistan were to stop supporting separatist and violent activities in Kashmir and Punjab, India would consider a territorial adjustment over Kashmir in return.
The two countries have also agreed for the first time to discuss the thorny issue of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons on a bilateral basis. Apparently in response to a diplomatic row between the two countries following a recent incident in which an Indian diplomat was taken into custody and reportedly maltreated by Pakistani intelligence service personnel, the two countries also signed an agreement on a code of conduct for the treatment of each others' diplomats.
Recent developments point towards a thawing in Indo-Pakistani relations, a welcome trend on the sub-continent after decades of tension and conflict.
A Three More Official Languages
India's Constitution was amended for the 71st time in 42 years since independence when three more languages, Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali, were added to the list of India's official languages bringing the total to 18.
There are more than one hundred spoken languages and 1800 dialects in India which has today a population of 840 million people; most of the lan

Page 21
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
guages belong to the Dravidian or Indo-European family of languages; a few belong to the European family; Manipuri is a language that is more than 2000 years old; Konkani is the language of the people of Goa who inhabit an area from Bombay to Cochinì.
Official recognition of a language confers several benefits: it is recognised as the medium of instruction in schools in the concerned State; currency bills carry denominations in all officially recognised languages and all federal government Acts of Parliament are made available in these languages, and all official work in the concerned State is done through that language. W
In India, there is no "national language'. Hindi is the official language with English being accorded the status of an associate language; English is used for communication between the federal government and State governments that have not chosen to adopt Hindi as the official language.
On this thorny issue of an official language, the first Prime Minister of independent India Jawaharlal Nehru said when confronted with a demand for abolishing the use of English, "I wish to avoid the danger of one unifying factor being pushed out without another unifying factor fully taking its place. English will therefore continue to have an important place in the foreseeable future'.
der India’s New Vice-President
Kocheril Raman Narayanan, 72 years, was sworn in as India's new VicePresident on 21 August. It was a historic occasion as he is the first Harijan to occupy the second most exalted position in India.
After a short stint as a university lecturer, Narayanan worked with two national newspapers, The Hindu and The Times of India before joining the Indian Foreign Service in 1949. He rose to be India's Ambassador in the U.S., was later elected thrice to the Lok Sabah (India's House of Commons) and served as a minister in the Rajiv Gandhi government. He secured 700 votes in India's Parliament, the highest ever obtained by any VicePresident.
Narayanan's election has been described as marking a milestone in India's march towards secularism. And true secularism is reached when one does not remember one's religion or caste, said Ziakir Hussein, a former President of India.
Was it his impressive and versatile
track record as journalist, diplomat, academic, parliamentarian and
cabinet minist Vice-President caste (a memb whose traditio pluckers of cc was that "it is
philosophy wh dormant sense
★ Politica in B, Frenzied pol emerged as a Bangladeship growing becaus liberation' and ties.
The latest vi is a leading lel ment, Rashed 52, a top-level early 1960s wh the Workers F gunmen on 17 wounded. Two veteran Comr Sen, was muri city of Khulna
Several lowlargest opposit League, also ha months. Many a hit-list releas cally inspired g laborators Kille
The resurge in Bangladesh decision late l damentalist Ja Prof. Golam A. Pakistani citize party, which ha independence, aiding genocide tion with Pakis in 1971.
Reacting to Awami League Wazed said: “I demn the incid insecure today. whether there i country or not. Prof. Jahana) Committee for Spirit of the Lil tion of the Colla tani Army in l Menon had be that oppose th ence. ‘I am swea we will not bacl movement agai forces”, he adde
According to and order situa deteriorated du
of Prime Minist

TAMIL TIMES 21
er that took him to the ial seat, or was it his per of the Parava caste nal vocation was to be oconuts)? His response an expression of Indian ich has as its core a
of social justice'.
Killings Mount angladesh itical killings have new phenomenon in olitics, and tension is se ofpolarisation of“pro| "fundamentalist' par
ctim of political reprisal tist Member of ParliaKhan Menon. Menon, student leader in the ois general secretary of 'arty, was attacked by August and critically weeks previously, a munist leader, Raten dered in the southern in broad daylight. ranking leaders of the ion party, the Awami lve been killed in recent more are reportedly on ed recently by a politiroup called Indian Col2rs Committee.
nce of political killings
emerged following a ast year by the funmmat-e-Islami to elect zam, Bangladeshi-born n, as party leader. The ld opposed Bangladeshi has been accused of and rape in collaborastani occupation forces
the attack on Menon, leader Sheikh Hasina have no words to conent; everybody's life is Now the question is is a government in the
ra Imam, leader of the Implementation of the peration and Annihilaaborators of the Pakis971, told a rally that en attacked by forces e country's independring in your name that k out from the ongoing inst the anti-liberation d. . .
the opposition, the law tion in the country has ring the 18 month rule er Begum Khaleda Zia
and reports of killings, hijacking, arson and kidnapping had become common. Meanwhile, the government: began a drive called 'August Campaign against 'evil-doers', and so far over 10,000 persons have been taken into custody on various charges. But the political killings continue unabated.
The Opposition charges that the fundamentalist Jammat and its student wing, Chhatra Shibir (students camp) along with the Freedom Party and Juba Command (youth force) backed by the Freedom Party, are behind the killings of pro-liberation forces.
As the political killings continue and the law and order situation is getting out of control, the government of Begum Khaleda Zia appears to be in a dilemma not knowing what to do.
A US Arms Sales to Pakistan Assailed Ralph Earle, Chairman of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), a former director of the Arms, Control and Disarmament Agency, and former member of the US delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, in a statement to the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee, has attacked the Bush administration's decision to allow continued arms sales to Pakistan despite the President's inability to make a Pressler amendment certificate.
In his statement, Mr. Earle said that in getting around the restraints of the amendment, the Administration was both violating US law and contradicting its own initiative on nonproliferation'. He asserted that the State Department's contentions that the sales are legal were largely of bootstrap variety' and did not address what was really at issue - the purpose of the Pressler amendment itself.
The Pressler amendment (named after Republican Senator Larry Pressler who was the author of the amendment) requires that “no assistance : shall be furnished to Pakistan and no military equipment or technology shall be sold or transferred to Pakistan’ if the President cannot certify that it does not possess a nucler weapon.
Mr. Earle said that by permitting military equipment and technology to be sold to Pakistan, the Bush administration was “probably contributing to that nation's nuclear weapon's delivery capability'. He added that CIA director Robert Gates had testified publicly before the Government Affairs Committee on 15 January that
Continued on page 22

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22 TAM TIMES
S0SLMLSS SLLMLS qqSS qLqLLqLSS SAALeLSLSLSLSLSTS TqLq S SLLLSSSqqqqqS SLSSSSSSLSSSSSSASASqMLLSAqSLSLA S SLLLSAA AAALASS
Continued from page 21
Pakistan's fleet of American-built F16s was capable of delivering nuclear weapons. "Thus we have apparently ignored Pakistani development of nuclear weapons while at the same time supplying them with a nuclear delivery capability”.
Mr. Earle declared that it was time for the Administration "to stop sending the Pakistani government misleading signals and warned that this “may unwittingly create another Iraq-like situation in South Asia'. To avoid even the slightest possibility of such a situation, “the Pressler amendment should be enforced in its entirety and not selectively, thereby 'sending the clear message which is needed to clarify any ambiguity which may have risen about American policy towards the Pakistani nuclear bomb program'.
År 32 Face “Secessionist’ Charges
MADRAS, Aug. 26.
The Tamil Nadu Special Investigation Team (TANSIT) today filed the chargesheet against Pottu Amman, intelligence chief of the LTTE and 31 others who formed the Tamil National Retrieval Troop (TNRT) to achieve secession of Tamil Nadu from the Indian Union.
According to the 64-page chargesheet citing 320 witnesses filed before Mr. M. Soundarapandian, Additional Judge of the Designated Court, the TNRT, an armed force was formed at the behest of the LTTE to overawe the Tamil Nadu Government and achieve secession of the State from the Indian Union.
The accused, 12 of whom, including Pottu Amman listed as absconding and proclaimed offenders have been charged under various provisions of TADA Act, Arms Act, Explosives Substances Act, Indian Wireless Telegraph Act, Passports Act and Immigration Act. Contours of plot: The chargesheet said that a number of youths from Tamil Nadu were actively assisted by Pottu Amman in clandestinely going to Sri Lanka and being trained in the handling of automatic firearms and explosives. The acts were done in furtherance of a conspiracy hatched at Palaly in Sri Lanka, Udumalpet and Kaniyur in Coimbatore district, Vaniyamba di in North ArcotAmbedkar district, Palani, Dindigul in Anna district and Pudukottai.
The aim of the TNRT was to indulge in disruptive activities, make preparation to fulfil their objectives, procure arms and ammunition, bombs, wire
less sets and other ances, loot police a State and strike te people by killing pu persons bound by oat stitution to uphold thi integrity of India the
The accused: The chargesheet are Ravi dran (23) of Aruppi dran alias Mahesh (3 saganagar, Paulraj al Palani, Veerakumar (22) of Udumalpet, T alias Muthu (27) of Pa Bharath (27) of Duraisamy alias Sun malpet, Shanmugham van (29(of Dharapura alias Thamizhan (27) Arumugham alias Illa of Dharapuram (Pe Murugan alias Muru Palani, Jawahar Hab har (30) of Palani, Sat of Palani, Marimuthu Kumar alias Thali Udumalpet, Theodore Dindigul, Jothii alia atachalam (28) of Kodi anyam police station li niam alias Valmani Kodiakkadu (Nagapat Milleth district), Rom (30) of Nilaveli, Tr Anthony Simonraj alia Paramakudi (Ramana trict).
The listed abscondin laimed offenders) are Suresh alias Meyyappa dam (Coimbatore cit Gunasekaran alias (20) of Palani, Kumar (28) of Ponneri (Che East district), Balan ramanian (23) of Push Mariappan (27) of Ka (Palani), Pandian alia (24) of Peelamedu Prabhakaran (26) of Kantyhan alias Neelan LTTE cadres.
The chief of the inve Mr. Prakash Chandra the charge sheet in th special judge Mr. Sou told newsmen that it important case”.
"They were about to s secessionist movement bed the ring leaders', M
“They had chalked ou the Palani camp of the lion of the Tamil Nadu They had maps of the ca They were also planni ernment and police offi terrorise the populatio)

15 SEPTEMBER 1992
explosive substmouries in the ror among the blic servants or n under the Consovereignty and hargesheet said.
accused in the alias Ravichankottai, Suseen2) of Manickavaas Mohan (29) of
alias Srikanth irunavukkarasu lani, Sekar alias
Karaik kudi, dar (21) of Udu| alias Senguttum, Chellamuthu of Dharapuram, mugundan (30)
riyar district),
gasamy (27) of eeb alias Jawahiyamurthy (28) (26) of Palani, Kumar (22) of Charles (31) of s Jothi Venkakkarai (Vedermits), Subramackkam (27) of tinam Quaid-e- eo alias Sathish incomalee and is Murali (27) of athapuram dis
g accused (procPottu Amman, un (23) of Ukkay), Guna alias Sankaramurthi alias Periannan ngalpattu-MGR alias Balasubbathur (Palani), rikkaranpudur s Muthukumar (Coimbatore), Pollachi Town, and Ramanan,
stigating team, Pant, who filed le court of the ndarapandian, was a 'very
tart the armed when we nab(r. Pant said.
t plans to raid Seventh batta
armed police. mp with them. ng to kill gov:ers in a bid to and overawe
the state authorities', the investigating officer said.
Mr. Pant said that sixteen members of the TNRF were sent to Jaffna for training in the use of explosives, sabotage and automatic weapons. Ten of them had returned to India.
He said that police had recovered explosives, ammunition, wireless equipment, cash and gold, from the accused.
Of the twenty persons now in custody, the most important is Ravi alias Ravichandran alias Srikanth, of Arupukkottai in Karajar district. This 23-year-old boy is the founder of the TNRF and a close associate of one of the LTTE's spokesmen, 'Kittu' and the LTTE intelligence chief Pottu Amman. He was one of sixteen trained by the LTTE in Jaffna.
k 26 Charged in Padmanabha Murder Case
MADRAS, Aug. 12.
The Tamil Nadu Special Investigation Team (TANSIT) today filed the chargesheet in the “Padmanabha murder case' before the Designated Judge, Mr. S.M. Siddickk, citing 26 persons, including the former Home Secretary, Mr. R. Nagarajan, and the former DMK Minister, Mrs. Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan, as accused.
A team of officers, led by Mr. P.C. Pant, Inspector General of Police, TANSIT, filed the chargesheet, running to 12 pages, and 250 pages of supporting documents. About 300 persons have been cited as witnesses.
The conspiracy: According to the chargesheet, the conspiracy to murder Padmanabha and others was hatched in Jaffna, Tiruchi and Madras. It attributed the motive to long-time rivalry between the LTTE and the EPRLF. When the North East Provincial Council was formed and Mr. Varadaraja Perumal became the Chief Minister, the EPRLF had allegedly committed atrocities against the LTTE. To wreak vengeance, the LTTE decided to kill both Mr. Varadaraja Perumal and Padmanabha. The atter was killed on June 19, 1990, at Kodambakkam in Madras.
The following are the 26 accused: Pottu Amman (A1), Sivarajan (A2), David (A3), Dhileepan (A4), Daniel (A5), Ravi (A6), Santhan alias Suthinthararaja (A7), Gundu Santhan (A8), Vicky alias Vigneswaran (A9), R. Nagarajan (A10), Rajan alias Kunjan (A11), Kiruban (A12), Maruthanayagam (A13), Jayabalasingam (A14), Chandra vad hana (A15), Nagarajah (A16), Vasanthan alias Vasanthakumar (A17), Anandaraj

Page 23
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
(A18), Sebastian (A19), Mahendraraja (A20), Gunaraja (A21), Irumborai (A22), Veerasekaran (A23), Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan (A24), Jagadeesan (A25), and V. Ravichandran (A26). A1 to A9, A11 and A12, A14 to A17 and A20 to A22 were members of the LTTE. The killer squad comprised A2 to A7.
Of the 26 accused, Sivarajan and Gundu Santhan are dead. Pottu Amman, Daniel, David, Dhileepan, Ravi and Nagarajah are absconding. Among the remaining 18, three persons - Veerasekaran and Marudanayagam, advocates and former Home Secretary, R. Nagarajan — were released on bail.
Talking to presspersons, Mr. Pant said though the LTTE was responsible for the murder of the EPRLF leader there was no evidence to connect the involvement of the LTTE supremo Prabhakaran in this case and hence he had not been cited as an accused. He said a total of 36 persons were arrested in this case. But later 10 persons were released for want of evidence.
He said the former Home Secretary has been charged with conspiracy to murder the EPRLF leader and also for abetment and harbouring the accused.
The former DMK Minister, Mrs. Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan, her husband and Ravichandran (younger brother of V. Gopalasami, DMK MP) have been arraigned as accused for abetting and harbouring the accused.
Referring to Veerasekaran's petition that his name should not figure in the chargesheet, he said according to the TANSIT's investigation he was an accused and hence his name had been included in the chargesheet.
Asked as to when the trial would begin, he said it had to be decided only by the Designated Court. It would take some time as the accused should be served with a copy of the chargesheet. The venue of the trial would be decided later.
Sikhs and Hindus Flee Afghanistan
Pakistan's embassy in Kabul has begun issuing visas to Afghan Sikh and Hindu minorities trying to flee the fighting in the Afghan capital which was subjected to relentless rocket bombardment. By August 20, the embassy had issued over 1600 visas to members of non-Muslim minorities.
The move by Pakistan to issue visas marked a shift from its previous policy not to grant visas to Sikhs and Hindus on the ground that they could be Indian spies.
Most of the 25,000 Sikhs and about 5,000 Hindus in Kabul's population of
1.5 million n the mid-19th families arriv der told of pe the fundame entered Kabi ment in April the former C. The wealth makes them many of the a the men for mats say tha and Sikhs is many would out the Pakis victims arriv Even poorer said to be at know that th bers would b ransoms. “So] mand the ran figure of $5, according to
Jay Dr. Swa “Conta
Jayaram Jay, ter of Tamil the charge t contacts with Tamil Eelam ies in Singap The denial made in Mac the temper Minister had Singapore an ies and offe money' to the activists are protection.
The contro tends to ma people in po headlines, ha tacts were e year, and tha there has be anti-ILTTE di leading to thi medicines to from the Tan Reacting s charges, Ms. Harvard-edu pathological they were n hood'.
She also d and deliberat that she had telephones of and journalis

TAMIL TIMES 23
oved to Afghanistan in century. Sikh and Hindu ing at the Pakistan bor'secution at the hands of ntalist mujahideen who il with the new governand the Uzbek militia of mmunist government. of the Sikhs and Hindus a conspicuous target for rmed groups who kidnap ransom. Western diplot kidnapping of Hindus common in Kabul with be kidnappers staking an embassy for potential ing to apply for visas. Sikhs and Hindus are risk because kidnappers e close-knit family memand together to pay the me kidnappers even desom in US dollars, and a 000 is not uncommon',
diplomat.
alalitha Rebuts my's Charges of cts with Tigers'
NEW DELHI, Aug. 26.
alalitha, the Chief MinisNadu, yesterday denied hat she has established the Liberation Tigers of (LTTE) through emissarore and Paris.
came in a statement she ras, on 24 August, that amental woman Chief
contacted the LTTE in d Paris through emissarred to pay protection Tamil Tigers - as LTTE known - for her personal
versial Dr. Swamy, who ke wild charges against wer to grab newspaper d also said that the constablished in June this t this was the reason why en a slackening of the tive by the State police, smuggling of diesel and the Jaffna Peninsula hil Nadu coast. harply to Dr. Swamy's Jayalalitha branded the cated politician as a liar' and declared that othing but "utter false
smissed as 'a conscious 2 lie' Dr. Swamy's charge rdered the tapping of the 28 prominent politicans is including Dr. Swamy.
Ms. Jayalalitha maintained that she has neither compromised her commitment to root out the LTTE from Tamil Nadu soil, nor has she betrayed the mandate the people gave her in June last year in the wake of the brutal assassination of her electoral ally and former Indian Premier Rajiv Gandhi at an election rally at Sriperumbudur near Madras by Dhanu, a woman activist of the LTTE.
In that election campaign, she had vowed to eliminate the LTTE from the state and won with an impressive majority. Later, she kept up pressure on LTTE activists and went all out to weed them out from the state.
Levelling such wild charges against her when she had risked her own life by opposing the LTTE tooth and nail in the interest of India's security and sovereignty is to negate all that she has struggled for in the past one year as the state's Chief Minister, she pointed out. (She is reportedly on the LTTE's hit list).
Dr. Swamy's charge that her emissaries met LTTE men abroad is nothing but a figment of his fevered imagination. I do not have any emissaries in Paris or in Singapore or anywhere else, she added.
“I have no links with the liberation Tigers, either directly or through. agents.
"I will never deviate from the goal of rooting out the LTTE from Tamil Nadu. I will never back out of the election promise made to the Tamil Nadu people in 1991'.
“Subramaniam Swamy says that he has evidence. If he has evidence why does he not present them? Why not now?', the Chief Minister and the General Secretary of the ruling All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) asked.
"I have not slackened one bit in my efforts to break the back of the LTTE in Tamil Nadu, she maintained.
"The propaganda that Tigers are now on the prowl in Tamil Nadu, is being carried on by my political enemies, to tarnish the image of my government, Ms. Jayalalitha held.
I have been working to safeguard the unity and integrity of the country to rid the state of the LTTE even at the risk of my life, Ms. Jayalalitha said.
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Page 24
24 TAM TIMES
BOOK REVIEW
A down-to-earth retelling
Indo-West Asian Relations: The Nehru Era: Najima Heptula; Allied Publishers; Rs. 250.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU was, in some part, a romantic. He quickened the dead past with the glow of his questing mind and saw in it a stage in the proud pageant of mankind. Something of that magic of the past comes through in the second chapter of Dr. Najma Heptulla's book on Nehru and West Asia, for that chapter leans heavily on Nehru's writings, but, alas, it is not carried through the book. Nothing, neither revolutionary situations and the small change of revolutions, such as the hacking-down of Nuri Said, burqa-clad in a vain attempt to escape popular wrath, nor Great Power machinations, reprehensible as they are, nor great figures, such as Kemal Attaturk, or figures of the stuff of drama, such as T.E. Lawrence "backing into the limelight', nothing tempts Dr. Najma Heptula from the straight and narrow path of a down-to-earth retelling of a historic story.
That story is of anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism in the present Arab lands, first against Turkey, then against the European Powers, with the connecting thread of India's and, more especially, Nehru's attitude running through it. By bringing together in one place, concisely and factually, an account of the struggle in various countries, Dr. Najma Heptulla's book serves a useful reference purpose.
"The Palestine Question' has a chapter to itself, tracing briefly and lucidly the history of settlers in the area, contrasting interestingly the Beni Israel tribe of about 1500 B.C. with the Palestinian Arabs, and carrying the story to the present day. There is also a separate chapter on the Nasser
Continued from page 15
ty and territorial integrity while at the same time recruiting, training, arming and funding secessionists.
TULF president, M. Sivasithamparam who proposed the vote of thanks said for the TULF to give up its Eelam demand, an acceptable alternative should be given. He said no such alternative had been offered so far.
"Amirthalingam had undertaken to place before the Tamil people an alternative if it is offered. But no such alternative had been offered, he said.
Former Speaker T.B. Subasinghe
presided.
* sev, ww.w- i.
Nehru relationship. treatment from the re. these two subjects is . one is still a determ West Asian and, indee and the other was of I ance at a crucial time history.
The utility of the bo by the 29 appendices, the texts of the Sykes P of May 1916 to the Nor communique of Octoba include such well-know the Bandung Declarat known, but importan such as the Declaration June 1918 and India's Suez Conference of Aug the factual informatio) available, the book coul be entitled: "The int leaver's guide to conte Asia: the background attitude.”
Even from this slend torical parallels cannot French divide Syria on and introduce separate { Russians and British s ment dividing the the three zones, with a neut ing the Russian and Mehmed Ali dangles be the prospect of an Aral the Turks are expelle compare the British an "The Turks, says the perfected the art of s communities at one ano and teaching that loca province were more in nationality.' The shape come in India, yes; but al warning to today’s Indi sense of déjà vu: plus c« c'est la meme chose.
So much has been wr Asia and on India's fore in a book appearing in you would look for more Najma Heptula quotes of the All-India Khilafat saying that the Turkish“would have complacen the doom of his country and she writes that "whil ist forces were strugglin liberation in Turkey, th lims went ahead and Khilafat movement'. Di vated to some degree by tical reasons, go too far? India unwittingly deepel the Arab world between tively “progressive' Ara the more conservative fully with the former? India's detriment in late

The separate
t of the book of
ppropriate, for ning factor in , world politics, rimary importin West Asian
k is enhanced tretching from cot Agreement -Aligned Cairo r 1964. These documents as on and lessert, documents, to the Seven of roposals at the ust 1956. With thus handily l appropriately lligent school mporary West
and Nehru's
er volume, hisbe missed. The religious lines lectorates; the ign an agreen Persia into ral zone dividBritish zones; fore the Arabs ) empire after d from Syria; di Arabs later.
author, had etting (Arab) ther's throats, politics of a portant than
of things to so an ominous a. It all has a ! change, plus
itten on West gn policy that the Nineties analysis. Dr. the President Conference as Sultan Caliph ly confirmed and religion' the Khemalg for national Indian Musaunched the India, motiinternal poliDr, again, did the divide in che comparastates and by siding so Was this to years? But,
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
in the first place, did India have a choice in the matter at all?
Dr. Najma Heptula quotes the Indian writer Jansen's tantalising assertion that in 1954 Nuri Said visited Nehru and offered to keep Iraq out of the Baghdad Pact if India would send troops to defend Iraq in the event of a Soviet attack. This can be seen as a proposition of Machiavellian cleverness, which could not be accepted, but was there within it any scope for negotiation? Most readers would dearly love to see a careful analysis of these and like points forty years after independence. That was, perhaps, outside the scope of Dr. Najma Heptulla's present volume, despite the title. Can we see a companion piece to this introductory volume?
But from the book itself one conclusion emerges. While between the 8th and 12th Centuries the Arabs respected India for the qualities of her people and their attainments, as stated by Dr. Heptulla, it would seem that such respect that India has today in the Arab world comes from the policies fashioned by Nehru. The two are not quite the same thing.
Dr. Najma Heptulla has clearly read widely and she has important and wide-ranging contacts in Turkey and the Arab world. I would have liked to see more from Turkish, Arabic and Persian sources. The book is wellreferenced, but there are signs of its having been compiled in haste and Dr. Najma Heptula has not been fortunate in her proofreaders. There are printing mistakes, and, on occasion, even a footnote referenced in the text is missing. Dr. Najma Heptulla, perhaps, could not be expected to look to these details in the midst of a busy public life.
K.P.S. Menon, (The Hindu).
CORRECTION
In the penultimate paragraph of the review of the book 'MRG: The Man and the Myth'published in the 15 August issue, page 23, with regard to the Meenambakkam airport incident, the organisation behind the blast was TEA (Tamil Eelam Army) and not the LTTE as was erroneously indicated.
Wanted Flat Or Annexe Retired couple returning Colombo require a flat or annexe on rent in Colpetty, Bambalapitiya or Wellawatte from January 1993. Reply E55 c/o Tamil Times.

Page 25
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
Continued from page 17
necessary. This will no doubt make negotiations more difficult. It introduces practical restrictions.
Q: if India is interested in working
out a solution to the conflict, if the Sri Lanka government is willing to negotiate with the perpetrators of the Anuradhapura massacre, why is india taking a hard position on this?
A: All evidence points to Prabhakaran giving the order in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. This is a major crime. If he is involved in this Prabhakaran cannot escape the consequences of his misdeeds.
Q: But what if there is a settlement of the ethnic crisis; and suppose Prabhakaran becomes Chief Minister by some chance?
A: There can be no amnesty in this case. Prabhakaran was involved in the killing of a national leader.
Q: if the primary objective is resolving Sri Lanka's internal conflict situation then there is a need to leave all options open. A hard stand by India never to lef Prabhakaran of the hook would be seen as an obstacle by all sides in Sri Lanka. A prolongation of the conflict will see even more suffering and this goes against the original intention.
A: I think India should be construc
tive - having made all kinds of negative inputs in this. Policy makers should approach this with an open mind. The revulsion is so great that I
can't see any a larger interest to the ethnic co
Q: ln your le end to both the also the “Sinh you see both ceptions on s footing or, do project as a re existing ethnoa fed by S nationalism?
A: Absolutely. State dominatec chauvinism. It w lier but became took a wrong d Only'. It refuse place for the Tar provide them a Buddhism was tion as a preferr all, there was th democratic selftunities, to devo demand arose a realities and the the Bandarana Pact scuttled an moderate politi couldn't deliver. been made on th on citizenship iss trust on the lan remains is the and the identity
Q: You ref Buddhist chau y
$1.6 Million to Help Tamil Rel
Returning from India
Five countries, Australia, Canada France, United States of America and Great Britain have contributed 1.6 million US dollars (approximately Rs. 70 million to a special project initiated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) aimed at providing emergency relief to Tamils returning from India, an authoritative official said on 25 August.
Mr. Hasim Utkan, who is in charge of UNHCR 'operations' in Sri Lanka said Britain was the latest donor. He said the British government had donated 250,000 pounds to provide emergency relief to Sri Lankan Tamils arriving in North East region from India.
The money will be used to provide emergency assistance to returning refugees he said. The UNHCR which began relief operations in the north in late 1987 was monitoring the repatriation of thousands of Sri Lankans who sought asylum in South India.
Mr. Utkan sai ance was receive after the UNHC for urgent funds refugees in thei Π8ιΙΩΠΘ.
Dr. Peter Nich attached to the UNHCR placed nees at 24,000. those who retur
ginning January
He said the improve conditio tres in North E. received the ret provide water a conditions.
He said there refugees at Madh Of this number Madhu.
Authorities p should be a ma

TAMIL TIMES 25
nesty. But there is a helping in a solution flict.
'ure you called for an 'Eelan' denand and a Only' concept do Nese nationalist conme kind of 'equal' you see the Eelam ponse to an already Cenfric Stafe dominiin hala - Buddh jsť
t is a response to a
by Sinhala-Buddhist as a nationalism earhauvinism. The State rection with 'Sinhala to provide an equal hil minority, it did not place in the history. ut into the Constitued religion. But above e refusal to institute Ldministrative opporve power. The Eelam a response to these experience of seeing ike-Chelvanayagam d the discrediting of cians because they Progress has now e language question, Iues, on reducing disquestion, but what orm of government, of the Tamils.
2rred to Sinhala'inism. How should
the structure of the State be reshaped? Are you suggesting a secular State as in India?
A: Constitutionally secularism is better safeguarded in India than here. There is no preferred religion in the , Constitution. We are not totally happy with the Indian model. The forces of Hindu communalism are on the rampage and the ruling Congress Party is making unprincipled compromises. You need a change in your Constitution to make it secular. Also you can't have an "unitary' principle. the 'unitary' principle clearly works against Sri Lanka as much as it works against India - against its democratic development. For different reasons. India is much bigger, more diverse. But in Sri Lanka you have a specific problem - an ethnic divide. You need to redefine it in democratic terms. It is not a 'nationality' question. It is a democratic question. You need not define any nationalities so you don't recognise any right to self-determination. The two sides in the dispute must approach it as a democratic question which means you are talking of the structure of government. So there should be a reasonable negotiation. Eelam is a pipe dream. But the struggles for Eelam cannot be suppressed. If the Sri Lankan Army takes Jaffna the LTTE will melt away into the jungle and carry on. The LTTE will be a major player in any negotiations.
(The Sunday Island, 6.9.92).
ugees
the financial assistfrom those countries 2 on June 29 appealed to help the returning : resettlement prog
olas, another oficial Solombo office of the he number of returHe said they were ed to Sri Lanka befirst this year.
JNHCR wanted to is in reception censt which at present rning refugees and d improve sanitary
were about 32,400 and Pesalai camps. early 30,000 are in
nt out that there or improvement in
basic facilities explaining that a significant proportion of the returnees are women and children.
Meanwhile western governments were also seeking to begin major operations repatriating thousands of Sri Lankans in their countries authoritative sources said. Switzerland was likely to resume repatriating Tamils in batches later this year if the Federal Office for Refugees (FOR) in that country believe conditions in Sri Lanka were good enough for that, sources indicated.
Recently a three member team from FOR was in Colombo to probe the situation and gather information sources said. The team headed by Mr. Marcel J. Zuckschweart had gone back sources added.
Informed sources said both India and Western countries were determined to send back thousands of asylum seekers.
Meanwhile the British government has donated another £250,000 to the ICRC to continue operations in North East Sri Lanka.

Page 26
26 TAMILTIMES
CASSFED ADS
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Prepayment essentia The Advertisement Manager, Lami Times Ltd, PO Box 12
Sutton, Surrey SM 3TD PhOne: 08-644 0972
MATRIMONAL Jaffna Catholic seeks bride not exceeding 38, Catholic/Christian preferred for cousin, 44, Colombo educated executive post holder in London, flat owner. M612c/o Tamil Times.
Hindu parents seek professionally qualified Sri Lankan Hindu bridegroom for pretty daughter, 27, computer diploma holder, now resident Madras. Send full details in first letter with horoscope and telephone number. M613 C/o anni innes.
Jaffna Hindu mother seeks pretty girl for son, British born chartered accountant, 26, 57. Send details, photo. M 614 co Tamil Times.
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Jaffna Hindu sister seeks fair, attractive bride under 25, for her brother, 28, UK resident, Can settle in Australia, Well educated, well employed in London. Send details horoscope, preferably photo. M 616 c/o Tamil Tines.
Jaffna Hindu parents seek fair, attractive bride for son, 27, well employed Canadian Govt. officer. Send details, horoscope. M617 c/o Tanni Times.
Parents seek partner for genial, accomplished daughter, 27, Christian, well enployed, British citizen. M618 co Tamil Times.
WEDDING BELS
We congratulate the following couples on their recent wedding.
Janarthanason of Mr K. Jeganathan, (former Principal, Colombo Hindu College, Ratmalana) and Mrs. K. Jeganathan, presently of Transkei, South Africa and Sumathi(Meera) daughter of Mr. & Mrs. M. Karunanithi of Eastwood, Sydney, on 11th July '92 at Ryde Civic Hall, Sydney, Australia.
Mark son of Mr. & Mrs. R. Hanson of
Blackpool and Sukaniya daughter of Dr. & Mrs. R. Thirunavukarasu, 101 Middle Leaford, Stechford, Birmingham on 228.92 at Chateau Imperey Hotel, Droitwich Spar, MWorcester, U.K. Thanapalan son of the late Mr. & Mrs. M. Thananayagam and brother of Mr. T. Sivananthan of Watson Hawksley Asia, 56 Dundas Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong and Dr. Sushila daughter of Mr. & Mrs. C. Sivasubramaniam of 4A Lorong Taman Pantai Satu, Bukit Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, on 26.8.92 at Kalamandapam, Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur.
Varathan son of the late Mr. P. V. Nadarajah and Mrs. T. Nadarajah of Alaveddy, Sri Lanka
and Savithri daughter of Sitsapesan of Flat 6, Cambt Hill Road, London SW15 Dryburgh Hall, Putney Leist don SW15. Mohanson of Dr. & Mrs. K. 7 Windmill Hill Drive, Bletchley U.K. and Janani daughter ( Poopalarajah of 24 Orchar Croydon, Surrey, U.K. on Arnhem Gallery, Fairfield Surrey UK. Nirmalan son of Mr. & Mrs. Po "Navamathy, Kachchai Roé cheri, Sri Lanka and Sivapr Mr. & Mrs. T. Puthirasingar Green Avenue, South Harro On 6,992 at The Nower Hill H Pinner, Middx..., UK.
Yuheswaran son of Mr. & nam of "Easwarams' Alvai S and Dhamayanthi daugh Vadivetpillai and the late Mrs of "Thiruveraham, 45 Chett Sri Lanka on 6.9.92 at Sri Ga London SM/19.
Anpalagan son of Mr. & Mrs of Suthumalai North, Manipa Sumathy daughter of Mr. & apillai of 9 Walton Gard Middx., U.K. on 99.92 at ( Hall, London W7.
Shenthilkumar son of the k (Editor, Thinapathi, Colombo nam of 5 Oilman Street, Colo nayagi (Viji) daughter of M nathan of Kokuvil East, Koku 13.9.92 at St. Margaret's Chu 4130 Lawrence Ave. East Canada - Apt 1210, 1600 S. Scarborough, Canada.
ENGAGEMMENT VM Dr. Kesavan son of Mr. & Mr. nanthan of liford, Essex to G Dr. & Mrs. N. Sahathevaraja West Yorkshire on 29.92 at Ilford and later a reception a Suite, Ilford, Essex on 5.9.92
OBTUARIES
Mr. Sivalingam Arthimoo liyadaippu, Pandateruppu, for pan, Kayts, (Retired Building loved husband of Sivapackia of Ariaran (Transprint, Tra ments, Sri Lanka), Kirupaha Gnanakaran, late Karunakara of Suhanya Praba (Sri Lanka father of Athithiya, Anagaya, peacefully on 22nd July 199 place on 26th at Jaffna - Colombo 6, Tel: 586858& 47 London NW10 9TD; Tel: 081
 
 

15 SEPTEMBER 1992
Mr. & Mrs. K. ia Lodge, 2 Oak
On 308.92 at Are Centre, LOn
hiagarajah of 92 , Milton Keynes, of Dr. & Mrs. T. d Way, Shirley, 3O8.92 at the Halls, Croydon,
. Navaratrian of ad, Chavakachiya daughter of n of 52 Roxeth w, Middx., U.K. ligh School Hall,
Mrs. P. AriyaratSouth, Sri Lanka fer of Mr. S. . V. Vadivetpilai y Street, Nallur, napathy Temple,
. E. Rajaratnam y, Sri Lanka and
Mrs. K. Karthens, Wembley, greenford Town
ate Mr. Ratnan ) and Mrs. Ratmbo and Logar. & Mrs. Kuruvil, Sri Lanka on rich, Auditorium, Scarborough, andhurst Circle,
/SHES
S. N. Shanmugairija daughter of
of Hemsworth, Registry Office, t the Penthouse
W o
rthy of Vadamery of Karaminspector), bem; loving father mSlanka lin Vestran (U.K), late an; father-in-law a), loving grand n passed away 2. Funeral took 2 Lily Avenue, Yewfield Road, 459 1714.
Ramachandra - Mrs Sinnathangam, beloved wife of late K. Ramachandra of the Railways, Sri Lanka, lowing mother of Paramas wary, Dr. Pararajasegaram (Eye Surgeon, Consultant, W.H.O., Geneva), Sundaralingam (former senior D.I.G., Sri Lanka Police, interpol, Lyons), Bala Superamaniam (Consultant, Ove Arup Partnership, London), late Shanmugallingam, Dhanailakshmi, Bhuvaneswary; mother-in-law of Senathirajah, Ruby, Yaso, Barbara, Gananathalingan (Customs, Sri Lanka), Arunachalam (Legal Draftsman, Sri Lanka) and precious grand mother of many grand children expired on Monday, 10th August 1992. Funeral was held on Saturday, 15th August in Colombo. - 12
The Avenue, Wembley Middx., U.K.
IN MEMORAM in Loving Memory of Our Beloved Dad T.J. Rajaratnam
(Retired High Court Judge) Born 23, 1.1919
Caাৱে টেকেনকৈ চিন্তা 153
Precious memories woven in gold These are the treasures We tenderly hold Today tomorrow and our whole life through We will always love and remember you
Sadly missed and lovingly remembered by your loving wife, Arul, Children, Rohini, Renuka, Rajiv, sons-in-law, Vijayan, Sriharan, grandchildren, Vasi, Ravi, Prathi, Jayanthy, Ajit.
ዘn loving memory of Dr. Saravanamuttu Paramanathan on the first anniversary of his passing away on 26th September 1991.
Greatly missed and remembered with love and affection by his wife Vallambihai; his children Lohini, Mohini, Wickneswaran, his sons-in-law Ganesharatnam, Ratnasabapathy (Napo), daughter-in-law Bernada, his grand children Kumarah, Vanathy, Haran, Dhakshila — 30 The Ridgeway, Kenton, HarfOMy HA3 OLL.

Page 27
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
in Loving Memory of
Reggie Hunt who died on 9th September 1991
We often sit and think of you, And think of how you died; To think you could not say goodbye, Before you closed your eyes,
The blow was hard, the shock severe, To part with one we loved so dear, Our loss is great, we'll not complain, But trust in God to meet again.
Our family chain is broken, And nothing seems the same, But as God calls us one by one, The links shall join again.
Fondly remembered by wife Angie and children Debbie and Rennie.
ln loving memory of Mr. Chelliah Kanthasamy, Telecommunication Engineer of Kaddudai, Manipay, who passed away on
11.9.1988. You were one with a heart of gold The value of which can never be told In your home there remains a vacant space None in your near circle can fill your place Death is a heartache no One Can heal But memories are something no one can steal We do not part from the one we love No distance can divide For every day down memory lane We still walk side by side
Fondly remembered and sadly missed by wife and children - 58 Magowar Road, Girraween, NSW2145, Australia.
in loving memory mathy Sivapakian Anniversary of 27.9.1988.
"He who Believeth Ever) if He Dies Sh,
Brave and LoyalPractice of Love an Tender words of Gl Deed of Courage F Bound in Adversity Wealth in Sorrow O. Happiness, bearing to Share with Patiet Four long lonely y the light went out of assuage our grief, ibly imprinted in ou you till our last brea Fondly remember your Loving Childre Great Grand Childre Mrs. Sivajothy Pill maran - 19 Christ Lane, London N12.
Mirudhanga
Soruban Sarvanan young glittering sta "Karnatic Music Sk
FORTHCOMING EVENTS October 4 Saraswathy Pooja. Oct. 45.30pm London Tamil Institute presents Carnatic Vocal Concert by Kuttalam. V. Nagarajan at the Winston Churchill Hall, Pinn Way, Ruislip, Middx. Tel: O81-904 3937. Oct. 5 Vijayathasamy. Oct. 7 Ekathasi. Осt 9 PirathoSam. Oct. 10 Puradathi Sani (Last). Oct. 11 Full Moon. Oct. 11 6.00pm Nupra Kendra School of Dance presents Vishnuarpanam, a Bharatha Natya programme by the students of Subatra
Sivadasan at Ashc Croydon in aid of S Kovil, Dehiwela, Sri 081-949 737.6/9428 Oct. 17 7.00pm. We presents "Pannum Town Hall London Oct. 22 Ekathasi. Oct. 23 Pirathosam.
Oct. 24 London Annual Cultural Eve Dance at Gravene Road, Tooting, Lon. 2348.
Oct. 25 Amavasaia
 
 
 
 
 

TAMILTIMES 27
f our beloved mum SriRajagopal, on the 4th her passing away on
n Me, all Live'
he Life and
di Culture in
eatness and
acing Life
or in
” ዘrገ
the Burdens ice and Dignity ears since you left us and our lives. Time does not put sweet image is indelhearts and we will love th, ed and sadly missed by en, Grand Children and }፹ገ.
ai and Mrs. V. Nanthakuchurch Close, Summers
Arangetram
har is not just another in the horizon of the '' in London today. He
should undoubtediy be considered a dedicated, energetic and brilliantly cheerful percussionist of the young generation rapidly making headway with Arangetrams' in the WeSf. . . . . ."
Soruban has had a good foundation in the art of playing Mirudhangam from eminent tutors. His early knowledge of Tala disciplines in Vocal and Flute have strengthened his accuracy in Tala rhythmics. Hisarangetramat Winston Churchill Hall on 22nd August was well received by both musicians and art lovers. He appeared very much at ease with his instrument and remarkably cheerful. He was keenly aware of the compositions mars' vellously rendered by Sri Kutralam V. Nagarajanandably accompanied by Srimati Kalaivani lndrakunar on the violin.
Soruban's solo mirudhanga vinikai had resplendent rhythmic complexities and accuracy. He was very ably supported by the Ghatam artiste Sri Bhaskaran Srikaran. Their interludes brought many applauses from the audience.
The success of Soruban's arangetram goes to the Guru Sri Karaikudi Krishnamurthi, who possesses many talents as a mirudhangist, accompanist and a composer. All performing artistes are not good tutors, but Sri Karaikudi Krishnamurthi hasan inherent abiity to fathom the capacity of his students and guide them to achieve their goal through arduous methodical practices.
Soruban's parents deserve the same encomiums showered on their proud son. They are both talented in music and sacrifice their time and leisure for the sake of their children's progress in more than one way.
Sabashi Soruban. Keep learning and mastering this indomitable "King of PercusSion linstruments".
Saraswathy Packiarajah.
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Three bedroom furnished house near East Croydon Station. £300 pm. Reply El 57 C/o Tarnil Times.
oft Theatre, Fairfields, i Maha Vishnu Moorthy Lanka. For tickets Tel: 25/942 6383. st London Tanni School Paratharnum' at Acton /3. es: O81 566 O82.
seena Group presents ning of Song, Music and School Hall, Weihan On SMV17. Tel: O81 47
Nd Deepavali.
At the Bhavan Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London W14 9HQ. Tel: 071 381 3O86/4608. Oct. 27.45pm Gandhi Jayanti Celebrations with Dance Drama "Tirupani'. Oct. 37.00pm Veena by Shanti Rao. Oct. 23 7.45pm Kathak by Biju Maharaj Saswati Sen & Troupe from India. Oct. 256.30pm Karnatic Vocal by Mrs. Saroja Soundara Rajan. Oct. 30 7.45pm Devotional Songs by Husain Sab Das from india with accompanists. Oct. 31 70Opm Bharatha Natyam by Kumari Usha Rao from India.

Page 28
28 TAM TIMES
3rd Anniversary Celebrations
The London Anglo Tamil Association (LATA) celebrated its third anniversary on 305.92 at the Salisbury School Hall, Edmonton, London N9. Proceedings commenced with the ceremonial lighting of the lamp by Mr. & Mrs. Kantharoopan, The chief guest Cir. Doreen Mandon, Mayor of the London Borough of Enfield and the special guest, Dr, lan. Twinn, M.P. for Edmonton, speaking afterwards Complimented the association for the excellent work done by them to keep Tamil Culture and Tamil identity alive and thereby enriching the British multicultural society by their own Contribution.
The pupils and staff of the North London Tamil Cultural School entertained the large gathering numberingaround 800 with a variety of items viz.:- speeches, dances, singing, violin and mirudhangam recitals, drama; which were of a very high standard. The headmaster, Mr. S. Kandasamy presented his report regarding the progress made and future plans. The president Mr. N. Thiruppathy complimented the members on their unity which has helped the association to forge ahead with invaluable services. The Secretary, Mr. S. Sivachandran proposed a vote of thanks.
Kalabharath
Kalabharath, a school of dancing organised under the guidance of Smt Rajini Sureshkumar, gave its inaugural performance of several items of Bharatha Natiyam and Kuchipidi at the Acton Town Hall, London W3 on 25th July 1992
Dr. B. Sivaloganathan, who was the Chief Guest complimented Rajini on the excellent show presented to the very appreciative audience and gave away the prizes.
J.S.S.A. (U.K.) Excels in Maiden Effort
The Jaffna Schools Sports Association (U.K.) organised a very successful inaugural Cricket
Festival on August 31s day) at John Billam Sp Middx. Old students of
Chithambra College, H College, Jafna Centra College, Kokuvil Hina College, Manipay Hit Varodaya College, St Patrick's College and
the 12 participating f spectators had a very ceedings.
Jaffna Old Centrat
The Jaffna Old Ce champions overwhelm in the finals. The tourn by Skylink Travel Ltd. Manager, Mr. S. Siva keen interest in promo end of the tourname following awards, Player of the tournam nan, Old Patrician. Best Bowler: J. Arulan, Best Batsman: K.M. Centralite.
Man of the Match (Fin Jaffna Centralite.
The net proceeds C towards providing spo Schools.
Hartley College Fete POOra
Hartley College Old Bo organised a complimen 15 at Holiday Inn, Lang their former principal M Mr. A.T.S. Ratnasinga O.B.A. while paying trit pillai referred to the ex dered by him as teach principal for over 34 period the college had r Service to the Commun Were Dr. K.H. Sivak namoorthy, Mr. R. Ravi Sriharan.
Mr. Pooranampilat wil nisers, referred to the S
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

15 SEPTEMBER 1992
it (Bank Holiday, Monorts Grounds, Kenton, 12 Jaffna schools viz.:- fartley College, Jafna College, Jaffna Hindu 'u College, Mahajana du College, Skanda . John's College, St. Union College formed 9ans and over 2000 ' enjoyable day's pro
es Champlon Team
intralites emerged as ing the Old Patricians ament was sponsored , and their Marketing Subramanian, took a fing the festival. At the nt he presented the
ent: Famesh Sabarat
andam, Old Patrician.
Thomas, Old Jaffna
al): K.M. Thomas, Old
of the Festival will go rts facilities for Jaffna
O.B.A. (U.K.)
nampillai
ys' Association (UK), tary dinner on August ley, Slough to honour fr. K. Pooranampilai. Inn, President of the bute to Mr. Poorarianemplary services renler, vice-principal and years, during which nade Vasť Strides in its ity. Others who spoke Innar, Mr. C. Krishdraingam and Mr. A.
ile thanking the orgaservices of his prede
cessors, Messrs. J.C. Sherwood and C. P. Thanotheran who were responsible for raising the school from the elementary status to a leading college in Jaffna. At the commencement of the dinner a minute's Silence Was observed in memory of four past principals, who had passed away during the last two years, namely Messrs. R. M. Gunaratnam, P. Ahamparam, W.N.S. Samuel and C. Rajadurai.
At the A.G.M. held before the dinner the following office bearers were elected for 1993. Mr. S. Sooriyakumaran - President, Mr. R. Ravindraingam - Secretary, Mr. C. Krishnamoorthy - Treasurer.
First Hindu Temple in Seychelles
On May 6th, 1992, the consecration ceremony (Kumbabishekam) of the Vinayakar Temple in Quincy Street, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles, marked the beginning of a new era in the tourist paradise of Seychelles. The foundation stone was laid exactly 2 years earlier. On 6.5.90.
The Republic of Seycheles consists of 115 islands, spread over an area of 1.3 million square kilometres. The main island of Mahe lies close to the equator, 4 degrees south of it. The earliest evidence shows that Hindus lived tjere SinCe 1756.
On 6.5.92 devotees gathered at 5am and the day long Kumbabishekam ceremonies commenced. Five priests came from India to perform the religious ceremonies.
In the evening Buddhists and Christians joined the Hindus and celebrated Easwaranma Day (Children's Day) which is celebrated throughout the world to build bridges between people of different religions.
A cultural show of music and dance brought the day's proceedings to a close.
Reading Tamil School
Tamil parents of Reading, Berkshire who have been concerned about their children's lack of knowledge of Tamil language and Culture have established a Tamil School at 213 Basingstoke Road, Reading, Berks. RG2 OSX. Tel: 0734 576683. The School has attracted support from those living in close proximity to the Reading area.
Classes are held on Sundays catering to children of ages 4 to 13. The school is run by a committee of parents on a nonprofit making basis. It is the intention of the school to increase its curriculum and expand its activities. Members of the Tamil community living in the Hampshire, Oxfordshire and other surrounding areas are kindly requested to support this venture. Please contact Mr. A. Nagendran of the Parents' Committee whose address and Telephone number appear above,

Page 29
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
Closing date for completed grid and coupon to be received is
31 October 1992.
Answers and the name of the winner - first all correct entry pulled out of a bag - will be announced in the November 1992
issue.
The winner will receive a prize of £1000 sterling.
All entries should be sent to: Sutton, Surrey SM13TD, UK.
Across,
1. Fabled Hindu celestial musicians (10) 10. Somewhat circular but longer than it is broad (4) 11. Air Force Down Under, abb. (4) 12. Briefly hectare (2) 13. Desired result in a contest (3) 14. Writer or speaker who renders a series of connected events (8) 16. Krishna's favoured maiden (5) 18. Princess of Tyre in Greek mythology wooed by Zeus in the form of a bull and to him bore three sons Minos, Rhadamanthus and Sarpedon (6)
19, it's in full! (2,2)
20. The favourite pet in Jack and the Beanstalk (3) 21. Chemical symbol of Einsteinium (2) 22. Motoring organisation (2)
23. The term Andre-Marie Ampere, a French mathematical child prodigy who became one of the founders of electromagnetism and electrodynamics, has given to everyday electric current usage (3) 26. The cow-herd and prince, an incarnation of Vishnu (7) 30. Ancestor of the human race, saved from the flood by a great fish (4) 31. Small American state also a breed of chicken, abb. (2) 32. - Agency, usually an adjunct to an embassy of a particular westem country, abb. (3) 34. Raise a question for discussion
4.
35. Mother, affectionately (3) 36. By way of or through (3) 37. Lord of the Dance, a manifestation of Shiva (8)
Tamil Times, P.O. Box 121,
敬 Mass of eggs in a fish's ovary
42. Printer's measure (2) 43. Sermon or story narrated in verse in Zoroastrianism and Hinduism (5) 45. Vedic King of the gods and Lord of storms, fertility and war (5) 46. Milkmaids, lovers of youthful Krishna (5)
Down: 1. The Golden One, a benign aspect of the great goddess (5) 2. High flyer (7) 3. Lord Shiva's vehicle (5) 4. Decilitre, briefly (2) 5. A constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Scorpius (3) 6.- show, a street carnival (5) 7. Ancient god of the skies and cosmic Order, later god of the waters possibly related to Iranian Aura Mazda and Greek Uranus 8. A great distance (4) 9. An incarnation of Vishnu who bore the magic battle-axe given by Shiva (11) 12. An encouraging expectation (4) Chemical symbol for sodium
15 - and fro, backwards and forwards (2)
Hoc sensu, in this sense, abb.
20. Ramayana's semi-divine lesser hero who led a land force to Sri Lanka to liberate Sita (7) 22. Expression of delight, surprise or pity (2) 24. Millimetres, briefly (2) 25. Daughter of Himalaya and consort of Shiva (7)
.
UNTY IS STRENGT
A by Richards Karunairajan
If there is no unity among us in the face of adversity, then we have not learnt the lesson a Karainagar landowner taught his five sons.
Visuvar a banana tycoon from the village of Thangodai on the northern island of Karainagar was unhappy that his five sons failed to live up to his expectations. Their respective births, befitting sons as was customary, were announced by banging on the roof and were celebrated by offering poojas to the local deity and pongal to relatives and friends with liberal servings of katkandu (rock sugar).
As the boys grew up in the seat of wealth, and the power it wields amidst Tamil rural communities,
there developed among them bitter
quarrels over til Their father acq through his own thettam) workinų like his own kins tant places as F dura, Kochikad Nawalapitiya and ry that his wife
family (seethan: tance from his pai
The tycoon ha Any way, a fema dered a liability. talents and educ considered as asse to proposals of m her beauty and : Even liberal wes tion widely netwo Tamil homelands

UZ CROSSWORDS - No. 20. Compiled by: Richards
TAM TIMES 29
T :
7
O - 1
13
16
19
Ծ
5 --4
3 -
45
?6. Indian lass (6)
7. When - out could mean all
lifferences settled (6)
8. Epic heroine of great beauty,
vill and virtue (4)
9. Supreme national god of the
Incient Assyrians (4)
33. Fully developed stage of a butterfly (5) 9
器 Highland delight from Sri Lanka
39. Far East national (3) 41. Ancient Egyptian god (2) 44. Short Home Secretary (2)
Quiz Crosswords - 18: Solutions.
Across: 1. ixion. 5. Hesiod. 10. Na. 11. Betoken. 12. Knee. 14. Me. 15. Ace. 17. To. 18, Poe, 20. Snap. 21. Oh. 22. Socrates. 24. Midas. 26. Go. 27. He. 28. Pythagoras. 32. Spa. 33. Na. 34. Echo. 36. Oedipus. 38. Scop. 39. Asp. 40. Ewe. 41. Mirth. 44. Viper, 46. Panchatantra.
Down: 1. lnk. 2. Xanthippe. 3. OBE. 4. NE. 5. Homer. 6. Eke.7. SE. 8. lnane. 9. Deep. 13. EO. 16. Cash Shower. 18. Posh. 19. OC. 20. Stores. 21. Om. 22.
Sat, 23. Ago. 25. Dyad. 29. Anusha. 30. Gasp. 31. Accept. 32. Sow. 35. Opera. 37. Path. 41. Ma. 42. n. 43. RC.44. Va. 45.ln.
Winner: Mr. Bobby Selvadural, 1700 Finch Avenue East, Willowdale, Ontario M2J 4X8, Canada.
Apt 1213,
heir inheritance. uired his wealth hard work (thedia day and night men in such disuanwella, Panale, Veyangoda, Pettah, the dowbrought into the m) and inherients (mudusam).
id no daughters. le child is considaughter's own ation are never ts when it comes rriage; not even ccomplishments. ern-style educacked throughout las not made the
desired impact on customs that are an insult to human dignity, even when many of these have become counter-productive.
The five brothers were not only concerned about their inheritance but were also on the lookout for brides who would bring them sub
stantial dowries. The father con
cerned at their behaviour and the disunity that prevailed among them and, aware that his business competitors would certainly exploit such a situation, called each of his sons to his side and asked them one by one to break a bundle of five pieces of firewood.
They tried their best but failed to make any progress. They could not even bend the bundle. He then took the bundle apart and gave one piece of firewood to each of his sons and asked them to break it. This time they found the task easy but in the process understood what their father wished to convey to them.

Page 30
30 TAM TIMES
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Page 31
15 SEPTEMBER 1992
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TAM TIMES 31
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