கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Tamil Times 1993.02

Page 1
Wolf XIII No.2 ISSN 0266-4488 15 FEBR
k India Targets Tiger
Arms Shipments
* Seeking a Safe Haven
A Safe Passage for Civilians
 

| -- o gre - II : o Ei Voi se T f - = -ear ----
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kBishop Fernando
Meets LTTE Leader
IETSEI ET
Indo-Lanka Relations and the Tamil Question
Anesty Internation: Flman Eigits in Sí Lanka
* UNHCR Dilemma Over
Refugee Camp
NGVIS FOI I
SLFP Tamil MP Rejects 'Srinivasan Proposals'
Regen Are
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Page 3
15 FEBRUARY 1993
CONTENTS
A Safe Passage for Civilians. . . . . . . . . . 3
The Tragic Saga of MV Ahat . . . . . . . . . 4.
Anglican Bishop's Visit to Jaffna. . . . . . .7 ISSN 0 ANNUAL SU UNHCR's Dilemma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
UK/India/Sri Lank Unitary State v. Federalism. . . . . . . . . . 10 Australia. . .
Canada. . . Fear of Federalism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 All other countrie Publi hindia Targets LTTE Shipments. . . . . . . 13 TAM
P.O. Ε Indo-Lanka and Tamil Ouestions. . . . . 15 SUTTON, SU| Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily UNITED those of the editor or the publishers. Phone: 0
A SAFE PASSAG
The death of 40 to 50 Tamil civilians on 2 January when security forces attacked the boats in which they were crossing the Jaffna lagoon at Kilali point to get to the mainland most dramatically demonstrated the plight of Tamil civilians who are by force of circumstances compelled to undertake the hazardous journey.
The Elephant Pass has always been the traditionall crossing point between the northern Jaffna peninsula and the Sri Lankan mainland. The road connection at Elephant Pass remained open throughout the years of conflict for civilian travel. However, shortly after the June 1990 war broke out between government forces and the LTTE, the latter prevented the civilians from using the Elephant Pass, and for good measure mined the approach roads. Thereafter, the people used the SangupiddyPooneryn causeway to travel by ferry and at this time this causeway was under the control of the LTTE. Some time ago, the security forces regained Control of this causeway and set up an army camp near its approaches. Again the people were prevented from using this causeway, and the LT TE demanded that the army camp should be removed as a precondition for civilians to be allowed to Cross, but the government refused.
it was following the closure of the SangupiddyPooneryn route that people commenced crossing at Kilali by boats mainly under the control and run by the LTTE. Recently, the government declared the Jaffna lagoon as a prohibited zone, and the security forces threatened to shoot at any boat that violated the prohibition, and in fact on several occasions they have carried out their threat with fragic consequences for the civilians who attempted to Cross. And the 2 January incident was one of тату.
The security forces insist that the civilians can use the Elephant Pass, but the LTTE does not want sm to. The people are paying the price with their Alves in the resulting crossfire. During his recent
 

TAM TIMES 3
CONTENTS
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Book Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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E FOR CVLANS
talks with the LTTE leader, Anglican Bishop Rt. Rev. Kenneth Fernando had raised the question of the difficulties and dangers faced by the people in the absence of a safe crossing point. The LTTE leader had reportedly replied that he would not agree to the reopening of the Elephant Pass for 'military reasons, and added that the government was responsible for all the people, they claim that they are the protectors of the entire people. You cannot compare the methods and objectives of a liberation organisation with the government of a country. The government has certain responsibilities which a liberation organisation does not have "l
It is clear beyond doubt that the people have been deprived of a safe passage to and from Jaffna because of the military needs and requirements of . both parties, the security forces and the LTTE. Even in times of war, civilians are entitled to certain rights under international humanitarian law. People who travel to and from Jaffna are compelled to do so by reason of absolute necessity and not for fun. In spite of the exigencies of the war and the military needs of the parties, the government and the LT TE cannot Shirk their responsibility to ensure a safe passage for the non-combatant civilian population.
The traditional and the only proper roadway to and from Jaffna to the mainland is the Elephant Pass, and a way must be found to reopen it for civilian traffic. It is by reopening this route that the Civilian population of the peninsula can also be adequately supplied with goods essential for their Survival. The International Committee of the Red Cross is present in Sri Lanka in reasonable strength, and both parties seem to have no complaint in regard to the contribution made so far by the ICRC. It is in this context, the prospect of reopening the Elephant Pass exclusively for civilian traffic under the control and supervision of the ICRC should be considered by the government and the LTTE.

Page 4
4 TAMILTMES
Kittu and 9 Senior Tiger Cadres C
Refusing to Surrender to the
The Tragic Saga of M
Ten of our fighters including our movement's senior leader and former Military Commander of the Jaffna
District, Colonel Kittu were inter
cepted in international waters by the
Indian Navy on 13.1.93. Following:
intimidation by the Indian Navy demanding their surrender, they died heroes' deaths by committing suicide
in a self-destructive heroic effort. This
atrocity by the Indian government occurred in international waters at a time when Col. Kittu was taking with him to Tamil Eelam certain peace proposals put forward by certain countries and peace organisations', a statement issued by the LTTE’s international headquarters based in London said in announcing the tragedy that struck the cargo vessel M. V. Ahat and its inmates on 16 January in the Indian Ocean off the Tamil Nadu coast. لر
The 280 ton cargo ship M.V. Ahat owned by the LTTE was intercepted by Indian naval and coastguard authorities in the Indian Ocean on 13 January. The first news of the vessel's interception was announced on 15 January by Lawrance Thilakar, the Paris-based international spokesman and Central Committee member of the LTTE, when he telephoned press agencies to inform that the former Jaffna Commander and Central Committee member of the LTTE, Colonel Sathasivam Krishnakumar alias Kittu, was one of those on board the vessel owned by the LTTE. He was taking a peace plan with him. Then he planned to bring a second-level leadership of the LTTE with him, most probably to Geneva to discuss details', Thilakar added, but denied any knowledge of the port from which the M.V. Ahat had set out. He accused the Indian Navy of intercepting the vessel in international waters when it was 440 miles away from the Indian coast.
It would seem that the Indian Coast.
Guard Donier on a routine surveillance flight between Point Calimere on the Tamil Nadu coast and Point Pedro in Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka first sighted the vessel later identified as M.V. Ahat on 6 January which was kept under watch from then on. Two days later, Indian naval aircraft on reconnaissance flight reportedly noted that the vessel had entered Indian waters and was proceeding towards the coast in a suspicious manner fre
quently chang point 200 km Nadu. By 12 naval intellige firmation that vessel belongi its passengers gures. There: dast' was laun on 13 Januar two coast gua and a missil surrounded th was being esco coast, navy col tions to boar capture the p the arms and
Offi The above firmed by an statement issu which said th and Naval ve exclusive econ Ahat on 6Jan it after it was and frequentl sidering the at the smuggling tion into Indi movement of On inquiry (b. found that th carrying arms sives for the ments were r1
The Defen added that th ship set it on surrounded by about 12 nau ern Indian cit viduals were cles into the board after se "nine persons waters... Th onboard were to surrender. and save the been hamper of high explo; “there could board' whose statement all was on boar that Kittu ha the ship if th the ship and

15 FEBRUARY 1993
Dmmit Suicide
dian Navy
V. Ahat
ng course. It was at this off the coast of Tamil January, the Indian nce reportedly had conM.V.Ahat was indeed a g to the LTTE and that included key LTTE fifter "Operation Zabarhed by the Indian Navy . On the following day, rd vessels, CGS Vivek corvette INS Kirpan LTTE vessel, and as it rted towards the Indian mmandos made preparad the targeted vessel, assengers and seize all ammunition om board.
cial Version
account was later conIndian Defence Ministry led later on 16 January at Indian Coast Guard ssels monitoring India's omic zone detected M.V. uary and was shadowing seen acting 'suspiciously y changing course. Contivities of the LTTE and g of arms and ammunia and Shri Lanka, the the ship was monitored. y radio contact), it was e vessel M.V. Ahat was , ammunition and exploLTTE. Naval reinforceLshed immediately'.
xe Ministry statement e crew members of the fire after it had been Navy boats when it was ical miles off the southy of Madras. “Some indieen throwing some artisea and jumping overtting the ship afire' and were resuced from the crew and LTTE cadres given every opportunity fforts to put out the fire ship from sinking have d by the large quantities lves on board', and that e still nine persons on ate was not known. The ) confirmed that Kittu the ill-fated ship, and l threatened to blow up marines tried to board ake him prisoner.
Conflicting Accounts
There is some discrepancy between available accounts as to how M.V. Ahat caught fire. One account states that the LTTE cadres on board opened fire first on the approaching commandos, and the coast guard vessels responded with return fire, and as the gun battle continued INS Kirpan started shelling the LTTE vessel with artillery which resulted in setting M.V. Ahat on fire after a shell hit barrels of petrol on board. However, Director General Admiral Kailash Kohili denied that there was an ex
change of fire. The other version is
that the LTTE cadres set the ship ablaze before committing suicide by consuming cyanide.
Among the nine members of the crew that jumped off the burning ship and rescued by the Indian navy was Captain Jayachandran who skippered the ship.
Tamil Nadu police confirmed that on 13 January the Indian navy had asked them for an antidote for cyanide. "We were not told why the navy wanted the antidote. It was believed that the antidote was wanted in case any of the LTTE cadres on board M.V. Ahat swallowed the cyanide capsule to avoid capture.
Following the Indian Defence Ministry statement, in telephone interviews with press agencies, Lawrance Thilakar rejected the official version. “This is totally fabricated. The Indian government has a sinister motive behind spreading such false news. We are sure that Kittu landed in Madras and was briefly interrogated by Indian intelligence. The government of India is spreading false information with the intention of killing him (Kittu)." Accusing the Indian navy of impounding the ship in international waters, Thilakar said Kittu would fast unto death if he was not released by the Indian authorities.
P. Nedumaran, leader of the south Indian-based Tamil National Movement and generally believed to be pro-LTTE in his sympathies, also claimed in a statement that Kittu was arrested by a naval patrol boat 440 km. from the Indian coast on 13 January. Tamil Nadu would have to face terrible consequences if Kittu is not released immediately, he added. “Why should Kittu be arrested when he is not an accused in either the Rajiv Gandhi, the Padmanabha or any other case in India?', he asked.
LTTE Confirms Deaths & Mourns
Contrary to Thilakar's claim of Kittu having been taken to New Delhi for interrogation, a radio broadcast by the

Page 5
15 FEBRUARY 1993
LTTE in Jaffna on 16/17 January confirmed that Kittu along with nine other senior military cadres had committed suicide in true Tiger fashion and 'died a martyr's death'. The 'Voice of Tigers' radio identified the names of the victims as Sathasivam Krishnakumar alias Col. Kittu of Valvettiturai; Rasaiah Sri Ganeshan alias Lt. Col. Kuttisiri of Sudumalai North, Manipay; Sunderalingam Sundaravel alias Malarvannan alias Maj. Velan of Viyaparimoolai, Pt. Pedro; Nadarajah alias Jeyaraj alias Sea Tiger Capt. Jeeva of Pasaiyoor, Jaffna; Gunaraja alias Sekaram Michael Jeeva alias Sea Tiger Capt. Gunaseelan of 2nd Cross St., Jaffna; Ratnasingham Arumarajah alias Sea Tiger Capt. Roshan of Nallur, Jaffna; Sivallingam Kesavan alias Sea Tiger Capt. Nayakan of Polikandy, Valvettiturai; Mahalingam Jayalingam alias Sea Tiger Lt. Kuyavan of Kandy Rd., Jaffna; Sivagnasundaram alias Sea Tiger Lt. Nallavan of Maniyamthottam, Jaffna; and Aloysius Jeyanathan alias Sea Tiger Lt. Amuthan of Navanthurai, Jaffna.
The death of so many of the senior military cadres of the LTTE in one incident, and the loss of a ship load of weapons including the ship itself constitutes one of the biggest blows that the LTTE has suffered, and the death of Kuttisiri in particular would be regarded as a major loss because he is believed to have been the arms and explosive expert of the organisation.
The Tiger leadership in Jaffna announced three days of mourning for the 'martyred heroes' of the LTTE commencing 18 January. Following the announcement all shops, private and public institutions and schools were closed. The Tigers organised a large demonstration on 16 January that started from Thirunelveli and went through the main street of Jaffna reaching the office of the ICRC in the town. Anti-Indian slogans were shouted and effigies of the Indian Prime Minister Narasimha Rao and Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Ms. Jayalalitha Jeyaram were publicly burnt in front of the ICRC office.
On 17 January, the LTTE organised a well attended memorial meeting for Kittu preceded by a long march starting from Nelliyady to the venue of the meeting at Thiruvil in the Vadamarachchi region. A float of the LTTE ship M.V. Ahat was also carried along the demonstration. The participants were carrying anti-Indian placards, black flags and effigies of Narasimha Rao and Jayalalitha which were later burnt. Kittus mother, Luxmi, unveiled a portrait of her son. LTTE leaders including Prabhakaran and Balasingham paid their respects at the
portrait. One ofth speeches at the anyone interferin its aims would be
Indian
Accusing the Ir joining hands wi government to c ple's struggle f statement issued na stated: “The mander of the LT meet the LTTE Prabhakaran to b peace proposal assistance of cert tries to find a sc crisis in Sri Lank
Kittu had exp officials who surr had rejected his e taken the LTTE shores. Following Indian Navy, Ki comrades commit themselves from b the Indian govern
“Thileepan, K dran and Johnr victims of the tre Gouperптепt and added to this list.
“India is all ou pendence struggle of Sri Lanka. I Western countries solving the ethnic the LTTE and Sinhala chauvin the major intentio of India'.
At a meeting to held on 25 Janu pathy Auditoriun versity, LTTE Balasingham is mounted a scath. its diplomacy and ence in the Tami acterised Indian genuine, rude, t self-centred. Indi dishonest that nc be made with II politicians.
Balasinghan sa Indian interferen struggle” faced se had been interferi Tamil issue since ence is only for it regional interests with the interest Tamils who are st pendent homelan gle had met wit due to Indian in those losses hav with the death of

TAM TIMES 5
e main themes of the meeting was that
g with the LTTE and
destroyed.
Treachery
hdian Government of ith the Sri Lankan rush the Tamil peoor independence, a by the LTTE in Jaff. former Jaffna ComTE uvas on his uvay to
leader Velupillai
rief him on the latest arranged with the ain Europeап соитolution to the ethnic
lained to the Navy Dunded him, but they 2xplanation and had ship by force to the this action by the ttu and nine of his led suicide to prevent ecoming prisoners of тетt.
итarappah, Pиleny were the earlier achery of the Indian now Kittu has been
it to crush the indeof the Tamil people ; did not want the shouying interest in question. Weakening
strengthening the st government were ns of the Government
commemorate Kittu ary, at the Kailasan of the Jaffna Unispokesman, Anton
reported to have ing attack on India, its alleged interferil struggle. He char
diplomacy as not icky and extremely an diplomacy was so genuine deal could indian diplomats or
aid that it was due to ce that the “Eelam vere setbacks. “India ng in the Sri Lankan 1983. Its interferts own national and and not in sympathy s of the Sri Lankan ruggling for an inded. The Tamil strugh irreparable losses terference and now e been aggravated
Kittu.”
Indian rulers had suppressed the rights of various nationalities in their own country. "The whole world is aware of the atrocities committed on the minorities in India. The LTTE will in the future support the struggle of the nationally oppressed people in India while we carry on our own strug gle”, Balasingham added.
At the same meeting, the present LTTE leader of the Jaffna district, Tamil Chelvan, urged the intellectuals including the university teachers and students to be totally committed to the “struggle for Eelam”.
Tightened Security
Following confirmation of the death of Kittu and his comrades, the Indian High Commission in Colombo fearing retaliation by the Tigers, asked for tighter security for its mission by stepping up mobile patrols to protect Indian interests in Colombo. The government also tightened security in and around Colombo particularly near military establishments.
Reports from Tamil Nadu indicated tightening up of security particularly in Madras. The Chief Minister, Ms. Jeyalalitha's security was also tightened up with additional crack commandos. The state government issued a warning that any action against the central and state governments would be seriously dealt with. Three Tamil Nadu politicians, P. Nedumaran, Suba Veerapandiyan and Pulamai Piththan were taken into custody for organising a march in protest against the impounding of the LTTE ships in international waters and the resulting death of Kittu and other LTTE cadres on board. The protesting organisations had passed a resolution urging the UN Secretary General to institute a commission of inquiry into the impounding of the LTTE ship in international waters which they claimed amounted to "international piracy'.
New Delhi has ordered additional navy craft to patrol the Palk Straits to prevent Tigers from crossing from Jaffna into Tamil Nadu, and the Sri Lankan Navy also has intensified its surveillance.
Amidst the tight security, a series of bomb attacks rocked Tamil Nadu on 25 January, but caused no casualties, according to PTI news report. The report added that the Tamil Liberation Army (TLA), alleged to be a front for the LTTE, exploded a device in the coastal town of Villupuram destroying the statue of Mahathma Gandhi. There were two other explosions destroying a regional office of the Congress(I). ATLA statement left behind
Continued on page 6

Page 6
6 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 5
at the latter two explosions claimed that the attacks were in protest against the Indian Navy's action in which a leading Sri Lankan Tamil leader was killed.
Meanwhile it was announced in Madras that the dead body of a Tiger cadre and two injured cadres from the burnt out ship had been recovered and taken to Visakapatanam naval base by naval commandos. The two injured men were being treated aboard an Navy Hospital ship under strict security.
Although the M.V. Ahat had been badly burnt and damaged, reports and photographs in Indian newspapers indicate that the ship had not capsized as previously reported, but was afloat. According to the General Officer Commanding the Indian Navy's Southern Sector, Vice Admiral Kailasha Kumar Kohili, the Indian Navy Frigate 'Vivek' and another vessel had first attempted to bring the fire under control. When difficulties were encountered, they had to bring in the better equipped Navy frigate, "Feroze Gandhi'. It not only brought the fire under control; navy commandos had also boarded the LTTE ship after the fire had been put out.
Capt. Jayachandran Reveals
The Captain of the ill-fated ship, Jayachandran and eight other members of the crew who were rescued by the Indian navy were charged on 18 January under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act (TADA) before the Magistrate of Visakapatinam, M. Ramakrishnan. Jayachandran was placed in police custody for three days for interrogation and the other eight were remanded for 14 days and who were identified as Satkunalingam, V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Nayakam, S. Sivarasa, S. Indırallingam, S. Balakrishnan and T. Mohan.
It is learnt that Jayachandran, a long time associate of Kittu, during questioning, had told the Indian police that Kittu had left Switzerland sometime ago, later he was in Stockholm from where he went to Austria, and it was when he was in Austria that Prabhakaran had given instructions for him to return. Kittu had boarded the ship one hundred miles off the coast of Singapore along with five other LTTE cadres on 7 January. He further had reportedly revealed that Kittu had first thought of dropping anchor and surrendering ship, himself and others on board, but had finally decided on swallowing a cyanide capsule and blowing up the ship, while ordering the crew to jump overboard.
n
Jayachandran have revealed t arms and explo out on the arms 11 August lasty approximately 1
Weapo
News reports Commission soui that M.V. Ahat anti-aircraft 9-ze striking targets that the arms a the ship carried to have been pu country last mol was believed to Afghanistan by Kumaran Pathm
The High Con stated that the detected by the l flights operated b Research Centr Chabratha in th ter, when the In ship two miles waters, the nava in Visakapatina Sri Lankan nav veillance. The sa sent to the Na Indian High Col and also the Def ombo. At the p vessel was repor Point Pedro, twc territorial water
Speculatio
Kittu's last k was Switzerland lum after he : deportation fron ment. While he in charge of the tariat of the LTT London WC1.
LTTE sources speculation that ing to the ship sailing might ha Indian intellige) LTTE itself wil prospect of Ki rehabilitation in According to groups faction Tigers had agg tion of Baby previous positi wamy Mahen who has falle reported to ha all positions in Jaffna sources of the speculat media that M secretly gone ti

15 FEBRUARY 1993
is also reported to at Kittisiri (LTTE’s ves expert) had set purchase mission on ar carrying with him million US dollars.
s on Board uoting Indian High es in Colombo stated was carrying several o cannons capable of , 6000 feet. They said nd ammunition that tere reliably believed rchased from a Gulf th, and another deal have been struck in
the LTTE's agent anathan.
mission sources also
ship had been first ndian reconnaissance y the Indian Aviation 2 (ARC) located at 2 state of Orissa. Lalian navy spotted the off Indian territorial | security commander m had informed the y to intensifyits surme message was also val Attache at the mmission in Colombo ence Ministry in Colbint of detection, the tedly 23 miles east of miles outside Indian
n about Tip-off nown place of abode where he sought asyeceived a notice of the British governvas in London, he was
International SecreE, 54 Tavistock Place,
summarily dismissed the information relatin which Kittu was ve been leaked to the ce by those within the o did not relish the tu’s return and his the LTTE leadership. LTTE's rival Tamil rivalry within the |vated after the elevalubramaniam to the n held by Gopalas"arajah (Mahathaya) from grace and is been removed from he LTTE leadership. Lso disputed the truth in in the Sri Lankan nathaya has already Singapore.
The reported recent grenade attack on Shanmugalingam Sivasankar alias Pottu Amman, in which he suffered serious leg injury, is seen as a reflection of the internal rift within the LTTE. Indian and Sri Lankan authorities have identified Pottu Amman as the leader of the intelligence wing of the LTTE, and he is one of the prominent accused persons in the Rajiv Gandhi and Padmanabha murder cases.
Another story that is being circulated, the authorship of which is attributed to the “Voice of Tigers' radio from Jaffna, is that one Shanmugam, former telex operator in the LTTE office in Paris, had given the tip-off to the Indian authorities. Shanmugam was killed under mysterious circumstances at the Orly Airport in Paris last month.
Reactions to Kittu's Death
The news of Kittu's death and the scuttling of the ship by the Indian navy brought about predictable antiIndian reactions from pro-Tiger sympathisers among expatriate Sri Lankan Tamils in many countries. In London, LTTE sympathisers kept a daylong vigil outside India House followed by a protest march on 18 January. There were similar protests in Paris, Bonn, Switzerland, Canada and Switzerland.
The London-based "International Federation of Tamils' said in a statement that India’s action against Tamil leader Kittu was "not only a crime against the Tamil people and their struggle for freedom and justice, but also an act of piracy and a crime against humanity. We urge that the international community cannot and should not allow crimes such as these to go unpunished and unnoticed'.
LTTE's international spokesman based in Paris, Lawrance Thilakar, said, "Kittu was building with governmental and non-governmental organisations in Europe. He was arranging talks between the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE, and his death has damaged efforts for a peaceful solution'. He also said that Kittu had been getting well versed with international norms while he was in Europe. His return to the island would have helped the organisation to get recognised and legitimised by the international community.
Conceding that LTTE relations with the Indian government were in a bad way, Thilakar added that this serious incident had made it worse. He accused India of having 'shown itself as a country against freedom and peace and against the welfare of the oppres
Continued on page 19

Page 7
15 FEBRUARY 1993
Anglican Bishop Meets LTTE
"One Small Step on a Long Road
At least in one respect, the recent visit to Jaffna of the Anglican Bishop of Colombo, Rt. Rev. Kenneth Fernando, was exceptional. The Jaffna peninsula in northern Sri Lanka is under the effective control of the most militarily powerful Tamil militant group, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Many a delegation from the south of the island and from abroad and many a foreign correspondent has visited Jaffna in recent years with the intention of meeting the LTTE leader, Velupillai Prabhakaran, but returned without success, the exception being the American TIME magazine's correspondent Ms. Anita Pratap. Not only was Bishop Fernando able to meet the Tiger leader, he also had the unique opportunity of talking to him for two hours and forty-five minuteS.
In summing up his peace mission to Jaffna, Bishop Fernando felt that "it was one small step on a long road to justice and peace in our land'. The Bishop's mission of peace was welcomed by many, but the Colombo-based Sri Lankan media, whether state-owned or otherwise, did not fail to indulge in their characteristic doublespeak and cynicism. The Bishop's visit received much publicity in the media even before his departure. He was accompanied by Rev. Dr. Rienzie Perera and left Colombo on 7 January. He reached Kilinochchi town just outside the Jaffna peninsula on the same day. But the issue of how the Bishop's mission was going to cross into Jaffna became a moot point. The traditional gateway to and from Jaffna, the Elephant Pass, was not in use since June 1990 when the present war broke out; the LTTE has banned its use by anyone. For a long time now, people have been using the Kilali point to cross the Jaffna lagoon in spite of the danger of indiscriminate military attacks by the security forces. Only two weeks before the Bishop's visit, the entirety of the Jaffna lagoon had been declared by the government as a no-go prohibited zone, and the military had warned that anyone seeking to use the lagoon for any purpose would be shot.
Crossing into Jaffna
The Bishop had discussed his problem of crossing into Jaffna with Joint Operations Command of the military which advised him that he would be at risk if he sought to cross into Jaffna by boat using the Kilali point. The Bishop could have flown straight into the Jaffna peninsula by Sri Lanka airforce plane
and landed at the from there gone to in fact the military could have sought ICRC with whom h Jaffna. But the Bis
Having participa monies at Kilinoc and Thanniyootu, t his clerical colleag crossing the lagoon 7 January on a bo; pered by a Tiger ca The meeting wit took place at 7pm o Jaffna Bishop's Ho out ten minutes in wearing dark glas beautiful mansion. tight there. Prabha the Bishop said.
The church deleg following: Rt. Rev. Rev. Dr. Rienzie Nesakumar of the Rev. Dr. Thomas (Bishop of Jaffna) Emmanuel of the Church; Rt. Rev. Rev. Dr. S. Jebanes san and Rev. A. Jaffna Diocese of til India.
From the LTTE, pated: LTTE leade LTTE spokesman A Mr. Soosai, Mr. Tha Cheraman.
DisCu The Bishop in t other members of two-hour meeting w and later a 45 min The latter meeting releasing two of th have been in LTT June 1990 following the Oddusuddan po The following i abridgedaccount rel Bishop Fernando of the LTTE leader.
At first Bishop started talking abo mittee Recommenda a breakthrough as are concerned. For major political par Federalism - the w gic to most of the S he explained aboutt

TAMIL TIMES 7
Leader
to Peace'
Palaly airbase and the Jaffna town, and offered a plane; or he the assistance of the e could have reached hop did neither.
ted in church cerenchi, Tharmapuram he Bishop along with es took the risk of at the Kilali point on at, presumably skipdre. h the LTTE leader n 10 January. From use, we travelled abtwo Pajero vehicles ses. We reached a The security was karan met us there',
ation consisted of the Kenneth Fernando, Perera and Rev. P. Anglican clergy; Rt.
Soundranayagam.
and Rev. Dr. S.J. 2 Roman Catholic D.J. Ambalavanar, san, Rev. S. JeyaneJeyakumar of the he Church of South
he following particir W. Prabhakaram, Anton Balasingham, mil Chelvan and Mr.
ssions
he presence of the the clergy, had a ith the LTTE leader te private meeting. led to the LTTE 41 policemen who captivity since 13 the Tiger attack on ice station.
the text of an ortedly approved by his discussions with
Kenneth Fernando ut the Select Comtions. He said it was ar as the Sinhalese the first time the ies have accepted rd which was allernhalese people, and he other advantages
in the recommendations and he wanted Mr. Prabhakaran's views on the matter. Mr. Prabhakaran replied that the Select Committee's recommendations were rejected even by those Tamil parties which are now co-operating with the Government, and he did not want to say anything more.
Bishop Kenneth Fernando told Mr. Prabhakaran about the untold sufferings of the Tamil people because of the closing of the exits of the Peninsula. He wanted Mr. Prabhakaran to co-operate with the Government and secure a safe path for the Tamil people. For this Mr. Prabhakaran said that it was entirely in the hands of the Government. The Government was not able to prevent the flow of the militants to the mainland and from the mainland to the Peninsula. In one day about four-hundred militants cross the Jaffna lagoon and the Navy is fully aware of this. They do not attack the armed militants. They attack only the unarmed civilians. Closing off the routes to Colombo have not affected our operations in any way.
Mr. Prabhakaran expressed the view that it was the intention of the Government to isolate the LTTE by harassing the people. But so far our experiences are that people are coming closer to us because of the persecution, we are not isolated. He said that on Christmas Day the government forces chose to drop bombs.
Mr. Prabhakaran also said about the killings of innocent civilians at Sithankerny. They were old people, children and WOne,
Giving up Eelam
The question was asked by Bishop Kenneth about giving up the Eelam demand. For this Prabhakaran replied that they were prepared to give up the Eelam cry if any substantial alternative to Eelam is given. But Mr. Prabhakaran was very pessimistic that the government would give nothing equal to Eelam.
The question was asked about the Elephant Pass. Bishop Kenneth said that the government was giving more than what is given by the LTTE and that the LTTE should reciprocate; for this Mr. Prabhakaran said that the government was responsible for al people, they claim that they are protectors of the entire people. You cannot compare the methods and objectives of a liberation organisation with the government of a country. The government has certain responsibilities which the liberation organisation does not have.
Bishop Kenneth Fernando said when he returns to Colombo the Press men will call me and ask me what Mr. Prabhakaran said about the clauses of Continued on page 9

Page 8
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Page 9
15 FEBRUARY 1993
Continued from page 7
the Select Committee recommendations. Mr. Prabhakaran said the problem is not whether the clauses are satisfactory, but whether the government is in a mood to implement any of the clauses. Bishop Kenneth Fernando said the concept of homelands is considered unhelp
ful by the Sinhalese people, that means.
the Tamils have a home and the Sinhalese have a home; and the Tamils should not enter the Sinhalese homeland and the Sinhalese should not enter the Tamil homeland. The Sinhalese will not be safe in the North and the Tamils will not be safe in the South. For this Mr. Prabhakaran said that they will give protection to the Sinhalese people and till recent times Sinhalese have been living peacefully in the North.
It was also pointed out that the Sinhala people disliked the word federalism till recent times but they have accepted it for the most part.
Bishop Kenneth asked if Buddhist monks or other people from the South could come to Jaffna and meet the LTTE. For this Mr. Prabhakaran said that the LTTE will always be glad to meet anybody coming from the south and asked Bishop Kenneth to bring a group of Sinhala intellectuals.
As the discussion was proceeding snacks were served by the members of the LTTE at which all participated.
“After discussions Mr. Prabhakaran and Dr. Anton Balasingham met the Bishops separately for about 45 minutes.
Bishop speaks to the Press
On his return to Colombo on 14 January aboard a Sri Lanka Airforce plane, the Bishop spoke to the press. He said that before his departure to Jaffna, he did not meet or have discussions with President Premadasa, but he had spoken to Presidential Advisor Bradman Weerakoon, Chairman of
the Parliamen Mangala Moon political leader
The Bishop asked Prabhal the LTTE’s di state of Eelan leader had re prepared to d alternative wal ment. He said two policemen goodwill for pe Tiger leader. T people of Jaffn vere hardship ity of electric medicines, pap food items wer na - 48 items transported to chocolates, b) tubes, soap an items. He saic could reciproca of goodwill by banned items able passage and the penins The Bishop the Tiger lead teous, quick-1 humane, and questions”.
The Bishop the north-tea ment employe people and ot between the pe land. The dec lagoon a proh travel dangerol
Mr. Prabha that the rela affecting civili opening of a su tween Jaffna participation in are linked tog place concurre. Prabhakaran
UNHCR in a Dilemma OVer
by Rita Sebastian
Officials of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), engaged in humanitarian assistance in the North-East are seriously considerng their options in the administering of the Madhu 'Open Relief Centre' which up to now has been observed as a de facto neutral zone, by both warring sides in the North-East conflict, the government forces and the Tamil Tigers.
The jungle shrine in Madhu, turned into an open relief centre, houses around 29,000 refugees, and is the
largest relief c.
Last week, tive Hasim Ut spoke out publ. what he feels normally acc norms in the a centre in a con
“We had no p November last Somewhere ir November last

TAMIL TIMES 9
tary Select Committee esinghe and some other S. confirmed that he had karan about giving up emand for a separate n to which the LTTE plied that they were lo so if a substantial s offered by the governthat the release of the had been a gesture of 'ace' on the part of the he Bishop said that the a were undergoing sedue to the unavailabilsity, petrol, kerosene, er, fertilizers etc. Even e not allowed into Jaffwere not allowed to be Jaffna which included iscuits, bicycle tyres, d many other essential that the government ite the LTTE's gesture reducing the number of and by opening a suitbetween the mainland iula. giving an assessment of er said: "He was courthinking, soft-spoken, decisive in answering
said that the people of chers, students, governes, businessmen, sick hers needed to travel 2ninsula and the mainlaration of the Jaffna ibited zone had made
S.
karan agreed with me xation of restrictions an life in Jaffna, the uitable passageway beand mainland and the h political negotiations ether and should take ntly, the Bishop said. said that for military
Relief Camp
entre in the country. UNHCR's representakan, visibly disturbed, icly for the first time at is a violation of the epted international dministering of a relief flict zone. roblems at all till about year, says Mr. Utkan. the third week in year began a series of
Continued on page 19
reasons he would not agree to the opening of the Elephant Pass for civilian travel.
The Bishop said that negotiations should be without preconditions and any talk of laying down of arms will block any talks taking place. He considered Prabhakaran's agreement to respond to the forthcoming report of the Parliamentary Select Committee as significant.
Responding to a question, the Bishop said that he would not say that
the LTTE had 100 per cent support of
the Jaffna people. There was an air of dissent in the peninsula and that human rights and democracy had to be restored once peace was restored.
To a question: "You did say that Mr. Prabhakaran was quite human. Did you talk with him about the many killings such as at Palliyagodalla where innocent children were butchered?”, the Bishop replied: "I must say that I did have the question of the killing of innocents in my mind, but I was too embarrassed to raise this question in my conversation with Mr. Prabhakaran, because at that time I was in Jaffna, and all Jaffna was mourning the killing of over 30 innocent Tamils at Kilali on the night of January 2nd. With this in my mind, I could not pose the question about the killing of innocents'.
avarotTamiTime

Page 10
1 TAMIL TIMES
Unitary State Versus Fec Has the Debate Begun ol
by N. Shanmugaratnam'
Recently, there was much talk in the Sri Lankan press about a federal approach to the national question. It appeared as if at last the stage was being set for an open debate, which was long overdue, on alternatives to the present organisation model of the Sri Lankan state. But now it appears that the two main Sinhala parties - UNP and SLFP - have opted out by reiterating their commitment to the present unitary model. Are we back to square one? In any case, the UNP and SLFP are not back to square one' for they did not ever dare to move out of it; they have simply chosen to stick to the unitary model for opportunist reasons. It is not that federalism per se is superior to any form of unitary state but that there is a great need to explore alternative organisational forms for the Lankan polity with the view to reach a consensus on a workable model. Given their present and past positions on the national question, one may be justified in believing that the unwillingness of the UNP and SLFP to seriously consider the federal alternative has been inspired by chauvinist political calculations. Again, one may not be mistaken to conclude that these two parties, which have been taking turns since 1947 to preside over the disintegration of the country along ethnic lines, are not prepared yet to repent their actions and make a fundamental policy shift toward a democratic re-unification of the Lankan social formation. For there is no way of avoiding the question of how to reorganise the Lankan polity as a multi-ethnic democratic state if a political party is really concerned about ending the war and winning lasting peace for the people.
Liberal Concept of Civil Society
Theoretically, it is possible to imagine a unitary state in which members of different ethnic and racial groups peacefully coexist without any discrimination on ethnic or racial grounds. In the ideal model of the state according to the Anglo-American liberal tradition, the basic building block is the rational self-interested individual who enters into reciprocal
'Senior Economist, Norwegian Centre For international Agricultural Development, Aas, Norway, and currently Visiting Professor, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan.
and equal relatio individuals. This the liberal conce essence of which property and ent one's self-inter economic constra markets. To suc interferences ofe into contractual dividuals are irr cial is the indiv preservation as a being.
The liberal con flows from this ni individual. Howe the real world, na a major role in modern bourgeoi. liberal democrac mainly on the nation states a struggles taking and violent and Many monolin formed by the ass ethnies into the ethnie or linguist However, in se more than a sin had to be acco single country (i. into the majority was not possible ance from the m political parties ture to guarante counter any ten tionalised ethnic da and Switzerl point.
We also know capitalism is n automatic devel liberties and lib ism, Nazism an thoritarianism a products of par junctures of ci and capitalism : although the hel al economist B are. Yet one ( liberals who be utopia of a socie equal invidiua class, ethnicity, within the rea think such ide place in politica not subscribe to It is the libe

15 FEBRUARY 1993
eralism: Endled?
; with other similar orms the basis for of civil society, the the right to private prise and to pursue zt without extraits in a world of free a model of society, hnic or racial factors slations between intional. What is crulual's right to selfn individual human
kept of human rights tion of the sovereign ver, we know that in tionalism has played he formation of the ; state. Furthermore, ies have blossomed asis of monolingual nd through major class and cross-class non-violent forms. gual nations were similation of minority dominant majority ic group. veral instances where gle ethnic formation mmodated within a e. where assimilation ethnie had failed or lue to national resistinorities) the leading hose a federal struc2 ethnic equality and ency toward instituiscrimination. Canaind are two cases in
that the history of t simply one of an pment of individual ral democracy. Fascother forms of auld genocide were also cular historical conpitalism. Democracy e not Siamese-twins tical Marxian politic| Warren says they mes across genuine eve that the liberal of free, rational and
unencumbered by ce, caste or gender is h of humankind. I lism should have a lebates although I do t myself.
ll alternative to the
Marxist view that a stateless and classless society is the final destination toward which history is moving - a view that appeals to me. However, we have no valid reason to believe that the UNP's and SLFP's commitment to a unitary state is motivated by the values of liberal democracy and equality of individuals irrespective of ethnic and other differences. On the other hand, there are reasons to fear that powerful elements in these two parties do not want any change in the present structure that might pave the way for an alternative secular and pluralist political environment.
Perverting Parliamentary DemoCracy In Sri Lanka, the basic reason for the Tamil people's distrust in the unitary state is not hard to find. They have experienced the workings of the unitary state in a variety of ways. Let us take one important institution of governance, the parliament. For more than four decades, the democratic principle of rule by the party winning the majority of seats at the general election has been consistently perverted to mean rule by the biggest elected party of the majority ethnie, i.e. the Sinhalese. The disenfranchisement of the upcountry Tamils was instituted by an Act passed in parliament. The Sinhala Only Act was passed "democratically' too. The elevation of Buddhism to the status of state religion was a constitutional feat. And the unseating of the TULF MPs, the lawfully elected representatives of the Tamils, was accomplished by a majority vote in parliament. This was the final act in the tragic drama of parliamentary democracy in which the Tamils found themselves to be permanent losers. It was symbolic of how delirious majority chauvinists could get and shamelessly forget even the most elementary formal rules of running a parliament let alone a parliamentary democracy.
The Tamils and their elected representatives stood helpless without any possible constitutional recourse to legally fight for the reversal of all these grave violations. They were equally helpless to stop state-aided land colonisation and other forms of discrimination by legal and political
e3S. The practical rules of the game of parliamentary power were unilaterally worked out by the Sinhala majority parties. These rules permitted the participation of Tamils and Muslims in decision making only as clients of the ruling party. At times, there were a few places in the cabinet for token Tamils and Muslims. There was no

Page 11
is FEBRUARY 1993
sustained attempt by the ruling parties to develop regular and legitimate mechanisms of consensus building which are a hallmark of western parliamentary democracies.
This is a short history of parliamentary democracy within the unitary state system in Sri Lanka. It is a history of distortion and perversion of the basic principles that are supposed to guide the development of a system of governance based on popular consent. It is a sad story of how the actions of successive ruling parties made the minorities lose confidence in the political system and the ruling parties' dispensation of social justice. Is it any wonder that the minorities have misgivings about this form of parliamentary democracy and the unitary state which gives it sanctity and in turn receives legitimacy from it?
The demerits of the unitary state and its main arm of representative democracy in Lanka are quite transparent from the point of view of finding a solution to the national question. If we discount the liberal idea of a fair and just unitary state as too utopian to be of practical value at present in the Lankan context, then we have to look for feasible non-unitary alternatives. Naturally, federalism crops up as an option. However, the merits of the federal alternative still remain theoretical and have not been debated thoroughly. The case for federalism can not be built by a negative approach and pointing at the failures of the unitary model. It has to be based on its positive qualities as an institutional alternative to solve the problems at hand.
Merits of Federalism
Let us not confuse means with ends. Federalism is a means to an end. Its merits have to be judged by its value as an institutional mechanism to ensure security for the minorities, ethnic equality, inter-ethnic harmony, democratisation and the social economic development of all the regions in the country. Therefore, it is the content, not just the form, that really matters. In the last contribution to Tamil Times (15 January), the author raised the need for a debate on reconstructing Lanka as a multi-ethnic people’s democracy and the usefulness offederalism as a means toward that end. One of the merits of federalism is that it can be helpful in re-modelling the Lankan polity to accommodate the aspirations of the Tamils to nationhood within a larger united country. Such a solution is also better than secession given our internal and geopolitical conditions.
However, if fed device to develop ethnic society, the isms to constant ethno nationalism such mechanisms serve merely t nationalism for sor guarantee that it extreme forms ag. ings like 'Sinhala soil' are not condu ment of a civilised The most effective divisive, reactiona combination of equ velopment and d education consciou nalising universal ple’s democracy sh ised with due rega need.
The term people notes something in party system, univ free speech. The necessary for peopl No doubt. But PD t. of the question of people in terms o command the res satisfy their bas
H
O The judge of trate's court w with a rather case of a young financed her tr ployment by hal small children agency without husband.
It transpired t concerned was and other facilit seek employmer larly in middle and in return re as 'surety to g women remit ba agency not only ment of the faci also for the upk their children agency.
In his evider father of the ch and his wife ha was employed a day of the incide as usual leaving dren at home; home after worl that his wife and children, aged appeared; his fr

ralism is to be a a civilised multi2 has to be mechany counter region. In the absence of federalism may contain ethnoe time without any will not take more in. Irrational feelblood' and "Tamil ive to the developmulti-ethnic polity. vay to counter such ry ideologies is a itable economic deemocratic cultural sly aimed at interhuman values. Peoould be conceptualrd to this cultural
los democracy conhore than a multiersal franchise and se conditions are e’s democracy (PD), akes us to the heart empowerment of f their abilities to ources needed to ic needs and to
TAMIL TIMES 11
meaningfully involve themselves in the political life of the society through participation in decision making at local community levels. PD means self-determination at the community and individual levels. It implies struggles to transform power structures that oppress people due to ethnicity, caste and gender at the local level. It means rights to people as producers and consumers. Therefore, PD goes beyond the abstract equality of individuals proclaimed in constitutions as well as the equally abstract notion of national self-determination which does not necessarily mean the liberation of the people who constitute the oppressed nation as members of particular classes and castes, and as students, men, women and children.
These considerations compel us to go beyond liberal conceptions of society as civil society toward a closer understanding of the contradictory and complementary relations between the state, markets and communities. The "invisible hand' - the Smithian metaphor for the free market - is an efficient allocator of resources, but it does so within given structures of distribution and in terms of a narrow
Continued on page 29
n the Paradise sle
a Colombo magisas recently faced strange and novel mother who had ip abroad for emlding over her two as 'surety' to an ven informing her
hat the job agency providing financial ies to women who t abroad, particueastern countries, tain their children larantee that the ck funds to the job o meet the repayities provided, but 'ep and welfare of hile held by the
ce to Court, the dren said that he six children; he a driver; on the t, he went to work his wife and chilthen he returned
he was informed wo of his younger
and 5 had disntic enquiries re
sulted in his going to the job agency in question and finding out that his wife had gone abroad leaving the children as 'surety at the agency.
The father demanded his children back from the Director of the agency who produced an affidavit signed by his wife which stated that his wife had voluntarily handed the children over to the agency. The father was not allowed to see the children, but was asked to return on a later date when he could see them. However, when he went back on the appointed date, the father was not allowed to take the children home. He made a complaint to the police which led to the matter being brought before the Court which ordered that the children be delivered to the father.
责 ★ 女 ★
O When President Premadasa recently met the Buddhist Mahanayakes of the Malwatte and Asgiriya Chapters, he is reported to have said: "When I assumed office as President, Rs. 80 million was being spent yearly on the NorthEast war, and it has now increased to Rs. 230 million'. What an achievement

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
Fear Of The Dreaded 'F
by Chanaka Amaratunga
I refer not to an obscenity but to an enlightened constitutional form which among Sinhala nationalists of various hues has been converted in Sri Lanka into an obscenity - federalism.
With increased interest in that forever elusive process of seeking a political solution to the crisis in the NorthEast, the debate on federalism has become accentuated. It is an unmitigated tragedy that this debate is conducted in an atmosphere of blind ignorance and prejudice or in one soaked with cynicism and lack of vision.
Thus those who know no better are sincerely convinced that federalism is a short route to the division of Sri Lanka and those who should know better are determined to avoid its adoption, because federalism does not serve their partisan political interests.
While on the one hand the rabid Sinhala nationalists, whose point of view is the only one which so-called independent Sinhala newspapers of the mainstream will publish, preach the superior virtues of a military solution through enhanced defence spending, the cutting down of 'extravagance' even on the part of private citizens who should in a free country be permitted to spend their own money as they wish, others among whom are cynical politicians and sincere but faint-hearted friends of devolution and the rights of minorities exhort us to be happy with the genuine implementation of the Thirteenth Amendment.
With the aid of such elements does Velupillai Prabakaran proceed on his mad caravan of brutal intolerance, totalitarianism and separatism.
Bald assertion
Among the nationalists, the sweeping, bald assertion, entirely innocent of empirical evidence, is the most popular currency. The Nalin de Silvas, the Gunadasa Amarasekeras, the Dinesh Gunawardenes of this world assert that federalism is a condition in which the unity of a nation is irreparably sundered. It does not matter that the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, and so many others remain united, cohesive, nations, not despite, but rather, because of their federal constitutions.
They cite as if they were citing Holy Writ, the examples of the break up of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union as irrefutable proofs of the destructive nature of federalism. It does not seem
to bother them tha via nor the Soviet U states in anything b the contrary, they w ised, totalitarian on jected to the iron r tive Communist Pa.
It is this attitude that pathetic ignora maliciousness, and believe the latter) is convictions. For to Soviet Union or Yug been federal states essence of federalis1
Federa
Federalism invol' marcated, irreversil ordinate sovereignt thorities and provi thorities. Political d ing of power, the : federation and the respective spheres the hallmarks of s government. It is th any one institutior (such as parliamen constitutional arran supreme in a federal ment. Its entire app the desirability of pl exercise of power. close to federalism the sky!
What of the argu) group, the cynica faint-hearted frien Among the politicial political judgement rooted in the era i their political teeth tion to the eminen mands of the Feder developed the wh theory that federal step which inevita separation of existil
Such politicians b 1950s and 1960s the their work that th never accept the which has pejorat They therefore see gree of devolut: framework of a un among such politici know full-well the tutional administra which would be t retaining a unitary the suspicion is ine woefully dishonest

15 FEBRUARY 1993
WOrd
neither Yugoslanion were federal ut name - that on are highly centralparty states suble of their respecties.
that convinces me nce (if not outright I do not want to at the root of their
believe that the oslavia could have is not to know the
l.
lism
ves a clearly deble sharing of coy by federal auncial or state auiversity, the sharsupremacy of the provinces in their of authority, are uch a system of e constitution, not of government, ut in our current gements) which is system of governproach is based on acing limits on the Communism is as as the earth is to
ments of the other politicians and ls of devolution? ns are those whose , remains firmly n which they cut , when in opposily reasonable deal Party they had olly à historical sm was the first bly concluded in g states.
elieve that in the y had so well done Sinhalese would term 'federalism' ve connotations. a maximum deon 'within the tary constitution'. ins are many who Lmitations, constiive and practical, e consequence of zonstitution - and capable given the mplementation of
the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, that such a situation is positively welcomed by such politiCaS.
13th amendment
Equally, the other attitude of believing that a maximum degree of devolution could be conferred within a unitary constitution ignores the reality that even in 1987, the Supreme Court deemed the Thirteenth Amendment constitutional by a judgement of 4-4-1 with a single judge holding the balance of power which then became 5-4.
It is more than likely that any further extension of the constitutional powers of Provincial Councils will be deemed to require the support of the people at a referendum.
Faint-hearted friends of devolution who think that obtaining a two thirds majority in parliament and a majority at a referendum is impossible, that a political settlement of the North-East can only come through effective implementation of the Thirteenth Amendment or by enhancing some of its powers suffer from a state of mental confusion.
If the powers of Provincial Councils are to be increased, even within the framework of a unitary constitution, amendment of the constitution by a two third majority becomes a necessity. Today it seems very unlikely that such a majority can be created without the support of the principal parties. The principal parties, in turn, would respond only if they believed that there was no negative impact of public opinion.
Referendum
Even if such a majority were to be created, the Supreme Court may require a referendum to be held on this issue. The choice for the politicians and for the faint-hearted friends of devolution, is twofold. Because of their lack of willingness to face a referendum, they could advocate the preservation of the Thirteenth Amendment or they could improve on the powers granted by the Thirteenth Amendment and hope it will get past the Supreme Court.
Neither strategy will inspire the liberal democratic parties among Tamils into a belief that they can marginalise the LTTE. The only means whereby the marginalisation of the LTTE could begin would be the real implementation of "real and substantial devolution' - that means the adoption of a federal constitution.
Misunderstood I, believe, too, that the cynical politicians and the faint-hearted politicians

Page 13
怡作宅善轮*节驸
and the faint-hearted friends of freedom have totally misunderstood the real problem of how the public can be convinced to accept an enlightened political settlement. The fear of the adoption of a federal constitution rests largely on the fear of a referendum on the adoption of a federal constitution.
The conventional wisdom in the debate on minority problems in Sri Lanka has always been the need to come to terms away from public scrutiny. This attitude has been utterly wrong. The BandaranaikeChelvanayakam Pact, the Dudley
Senanayake-Chel and the Indo-Sri La conceived in secre failed because they image that they v conspiracies against
Last
The constitutiona toric truths that thens individual li democracy, that it diverse people toget presented to the pe When these truths conflict, the impossi
India Targets LT
Two major events are being viewed by political and defence analysts in south Sri Lanka as harbingering a crisis in the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The reported grenade attack at Koppai in Jaffna on Pottu Amman and the death of Kittu when MV Ahat along with its lethal cargo blew up in midsea have given rise to strong speculation and belief that the crisis is both external and internal. The two events no doubt are unprecedented in LTTE's history.
Although it has been known for a long time that the Tigers owned ships registered under several companies set up in many parts of the globe, and that this shipping network was used extensively to procure arms, ammunition and explosives for the LTTE, The Indian intelligence agencies and the Sri Lankan government had no tangible evidence to convince themselves about the actual modality involved in the process of transporting and unloading large quantities of weapons unknown to India's blue water navy and advanced electronic surveillance systems.
The logistics of LTTE's offshore unloading still remains as mysterious as ever despite the interception of MV Ahat. This is a great advantage the Tigers still have. How do the Tigers unload large quantities of arms and ammunition in high seas - a task which could normally take several days - without being detected? The Indians are yet to figure out the answer to this question. But it has become fairly clear to them that the Bay of Bengal beyond Sri Lanka's eastern seaboard has to be under surveillance for Tiger ships. The problem however is that it has a busy sea lane used by a large number of merchant vessels and tankers. Almost all
Arms Shipmen
the traffic to southe western ports of Ind and Calcutta, pass t Therefore checking supplies to the LT impossible task. Ha appear to be looking one, unusual activit this part of the lar formation at source.
The claim made b that their coast guar for the detection of their territorial wat tended to give legitin But they are in fac Lankan territorial w ternational sealanes The Sri Lankan nav pressed for resour technology is in no tively monitor an LTTE's arms shipm unloading in intel bordering its maritir
There has been amount of co-ordina an (the RAW) and intelligence agencie course of which a about LTTE's intern has been passed or Hence, Colombo h; warnings from Del shipments. But the could do little excep ance beyond the ea ing the periods in cated the shipments chances were little this was the case, th could detect or inte The maritime zone eastern seaboard ist Colombo's naval pa veillance capability and debilitated in

—— anayakam Pact nkan Accord were and ultimately sould not shed the ere conceived as the people.
lope , political and hisederalism strengberty and liberal keeps nations of ner, must boldly be ople of Sri Lanka. , the cost of the bility of a military
TAMIL TIMES 13
solution and the consequent necessity of marginalising the LTTE by reducing its base of support, are presented to the people, that which has been regarded as a political obscenity to be feared and avoided at all costs, may be recognized for what it is, the means of our political salvation, the last hope for a united, free and prosperous Sri Lanka.
Ignorance, cynicism and faintheartedness alike must be banished into the outer darkness. The dreaded 'F' word's benign qualities must quickly and unreservedly be recognised.
TE ts
last Asia and the
a such as Madras hrough this lane. out every ship for TE is almost an ence the Indians into two things - y of any ship in ne; the other, in
by Indian officials 'd was responsible Tiger vessels in ers, is clearly innacy to their task. t policing the Sri raters and the inwhich skirt them. ry which is hardces and modern position to effecd intercept the ents and midsea national waters
e ZOe.
an increasing tion between Indi
the Sri Lankan since 1987 in the ot of information ational operations
to Sri Lankans. ud frequent foreni about possible Sri Lankan navy ; step up surveilltern seabord durwhich Delhi indiwould arrive. The that even when Sri Lankan navy cept LTTE ships.
on the island's bo extensive while trolling and suris very limited - recent times by
suicide attacks on command ships of the Sri Lankan navy. Even if the Indians were prepared to give precise information - date, exact location, name of vessel etc., it is doubtful whether Colombo could have diverted adequate naval power to handle interception.
The Sri Lankan navy has been overstrained and overstretched by its logistical role in Eelam War Two. The government is cash-strapped to procure and maintain naval craft and monitoring systems to look after its security interests sufficiently in that part of the Bay of Bengal used by the Tigers to bring in their weapons.
India on the other hand sees its naval power as the primary means by which it can bring about the decline of the LTTE especially in a situation where it cannot directly intervene in or openly assist Sri Lanka. Delhi's assumption is that the Tigers cannot survive for long if their supply is severed in the high seas. There has also been a concerted attempt by India's intelligence agencies to systematically locate sources of supply and to identify shipping companies and ships which have been used or owned by the Tigers. This task had been initiated as early as 1985 but had remained low key till Rajiv Gandhi's assassination.
Initially RAW seems to have collected only vague details about LTTE's shipping network and potential. They queried other Tamil groups at that time about the identity and role of the person known only as K.P. (The Tigers had carefully concealed the identity and activities of their key men from the RAW during their stay in India). In addition to this, the RAW had a serious handicap in its attitude to have a clear picture of the LTTE - the deep seated prejudice that the Tigers could not ultimately be smart because they were a vernacular phenomenon. (The prejudice still infects some learned analyses on the Tamil question).
Continued on page 14

Page 14
14 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 13
It was only after MV Sunbird, a ship owned by the LTTE, was apprehended by Malaysian authorities on December 13, that some details about the nature of LTTE's arms shipments became clear to the Indians. The Sunbird was registered under a company called The Pt. Pedro Shipping Corporation. K.P.
who was identified as Tharmalingam
Shanmugam Kumaran of Myliddy, a Jaffna University graduate, was one of the company's directors. Following this, Indian intelligence agencies were able to secure some information about another Tiger ship called MV Golden Bird which had unloaded war material in midsea above the northeastern coast of the island just before Eelam War Two started in June 1990. The information was duly passed on to the Sri Lankan government.
After Rajiv Gandhi's assassination, India approached the Malaysian government hoping to persuade it to take decisive action against LTTE's business interests, on the ground that K.P. and his associates in Malaysia were also part of an international network linked to the assassination. But much to the dismay of Indian officials, nothing that they could describe as “decisive action' was taken by the Malaysians. The companies suspected of having been set up by the LTTE continue to function both in Singapore and in Malaysia (minus K.P. on their board of management). Although its cargo was seized, MV Sunbird was later released to its owners.
Indian officials claim that K.P. is still able to carry on with his business as usual in southeast Asian cities despite their government's strong desire to apprehend him. They seem to suspect that the LTTE has been somehow able to avail itself of a powerful Tamil politician's patronage in Malaysia. It also transpired that the Tigers had unloaded a very large consignment of arms and ammunition just before the Elephant Pass battle. It was also suspected at that time that the Tigers had got down at least two anti-aircraft pieces in that consignment - the ones which were used in the battle. India, with a view to regularly intercept Tiger shipments, brought two areas above the island's maritime zone under naval surveillance. One was above the Mullaithivu coast, the other was above the Pottuvil coast in the southeastern part of the island. The Mullaithivu coast has been considered ideal for midsea operations because it has a shoal running along its length, making a corridor between the deepsea and the beach. Hence the shallow draft boats of the Tigers could escape over the shoal into the corridor
in case of emerg between the sea li had to be done ar Contrary to th passed on to sec press, the trawl intercepted neart time border above ing to sources fr military flight to had accidentally I ing unusually ne above the northe time the Indian r of the regular tra the area, the shi large trawler "To been unloading fr detected and inte attempted to rush vu. But, the Indi gence reports late signment had be cured by sea.
It was suspecte above Thirukov was being used. like that of Mullai tage of derelict and shrub with e bases in the hir even the most sop surveillance sys which among th ships that pass th: cargo for the LTT) to unload it. The routine naval suu gan gathering in LTTE's arms pur methods. Informa na about the mo believed to be the the Tigers, is cli available to the sounds a bit impl
What appears however, is that formal informati ments with its west and the n some details of 1 must be pointe major deals n. (another Tamil 1986 and 1989 manner. Indiah. degree of succes: upon many west granting asylum to share infor ments. (In fa apprised by inf Jaffna that undu the west, could into 'alien' hand MV Ahat was boarded it. This the western in might pass info

15 FEBRUARY 1993
Icies. The distance le where unloading the shoal is short. reports that were ons of the Indian "Tongonova' was e Sri Lankan mariMullaithivu accordn Delhi. A routine he Andaman isles ticed a ship lingerthe shipping lane stern coast; by the avy checked details fic and moved into was gone, but the gonova' which had m it in midsea was cepted when it had towards Mullaithiuns received intellir that another conin successfully pro
that the high seas l-Pottuvil-Panama This coastal stretch thivu has the advancoconut plantations asy access to jungle terland. But then, histicated electronic tem cannot guess e large number of rough the lane carry or how it was going efore, in addition to veillance, RAW beformation about the chasing sources and tion from inside Jaff. vements of Kuttisri, main arms expert of imed to have been AW (a claim which ausible).
to be more probable, he RAW made use of n exchange arrangecounterparts in the iddle east to secure TTE's arms deals. It
out here that two ade by the PLOT militant group), in rere scuttled in this id also achieved a fair in bringing pressure rn countries into not status to Kittu, and ation of his move, Delhi had been mal channels' from pressure on Kittu in ltimately push him If this was the case, loomed when Kittu ould also signify that ligence community nation about LTTE's
supplies for its own reasons - such as bringing pressure on the LTTE or to oblige India if it were to approach them with specific requests. It is clear however that the LTTE is preparing for such an eventuality.
Prabhakaran regularly emphasises the need to be militarily self-sufficient - meaning that the war should be carried on with arms and ammunition captured from the enemy. But Indian officials are convinced that if their navy effectively cuts off the arms pipeline to the Tigers, the Sri Lankan army would find it easier to secure a victory in the north and east. Today, Delhi is patently keen to expand and consolidate its influence in south Sri Lanka by pleasing Premadasa. And pleased Colombo is with the blowing up of MV Ahat.
The mood in the south is upbeat once more; a new Sinhala weekly called Thoppiya is attempting to revive Cyril Mathew's legacy and language by making virulent references to “Para Demalo'. New Delhi appears to be quite happy that Premadasa is fast becoming a tolerable ally. It is also desirous of demonstrating its bona fides in crushing the LTTE and the sentiments of Tamil nationalism. One senior Indian official said: "Our navy is doing what the IPKF did on ground against the Tigers'.
The point however is that by pushing the LTTE thus, while the Tamils are being denied even a semblance of a fair deal by Colombo, India is paving the way for the emergence of a "determined Tamil nationalist minority' in Tamil Nadu. Indian officials are today cautious about rejecting out of hand the possibility of the LTTE diverting substantial resources into Tamil Nadu to strengthen the hands of its allies there; and succeeding in the long run. Posters had appeared in Madras and elsewhere saluting (Veera Anjali) Kittu's martyrdom; and bombs had been exploded in three different places in Tamilnadu. India is unwittingly making the mistake of handling the Tamil question as a military question.
The LTTE may be fascist, but Tamil grievances are real, and pan-Tamilian sentiments have not fully lost their appeal. Delhi seems to little appreciate the fact that, for Prabhakaran, the ultimate bargaining chip is Tamilnadu.
Private Tuition Pure/Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Physics O/A Level. Homes visited. Tel: O81 8643227

Page 15
SFEBRUARY 1993
lndo-Lanka Relations and the Ta
Extracts from an interview given by the Indian High Commi Jha, who is retiring from the Foreign Service after three with kind courtesy of Sunday Island (24.1.93).
Q. - During your ferm as the High Commissioner in Sri Lanka, relations befween India and Sri Lanka have improved a great deal. But what are the remaining problems preventing much closer ties befween the two nations?
A. - Relations as you have been good enough to say have improved a great deal and it is for me on the eve of my departure, of course, a very gratifying thing to hear. Nothing really is preventing much closer ties between our two nations, because the goodwill and the affection has been there all along. For a while perhaps the goodwill was lacking or absent. That has returned to the scene. And basically it's much greater confidence and trust in each other that we are now witnessing. All these provide a very fertile soil for a very closer sustained relationship. To that extent I think we can all be very happy.
I only worry sometimes about spill over effect over your domestic problem and this in the past has caused misunderstandings. Who was to blame and who was not to blame is not worth going into now.
We should look to the future and only because we've been looking to the future right from day one of my arrival here that things have gone this far. Otherwise if you are only dwelling on the past and mind you the past keeps on pulling back also it is not something that you can shrug off and ignore as though it doesn't exist.
You must solve it domestically because it is essentially first a domestic problem of Sri Lanka. The fall out effect becomes a domestic problem of India too or becomes a bilateral problem. But it's one thing to say it should be solved domestically. Another thing to expect that because one has said that India is totally oblivious to what happensit is not possible. Now the only bright note here is that since our relations are so much more cordial now than they were two and a half years ago, whatever we may discuss with each other will be taken in the correct spirit. I expect that at the very least. That is a very important thing because once you feel from your side that India is a country which is not out to harm you or hurt you in any way and in fact has the same interest as you at heart, then whatever suggestions, requests or proposals we may make now or in future or whenever will not be looked upon with the same suspicion as it would have been five years ago or three years ago.
I don't see any what I mentione seriously our bi think both cour bilateral ties ar. both.
But having : should also note realism must an the Governmen people's approacl understand the ments in this r island and one terms of unified precisely what C like your’s. Som can be better ac cessions at the ri
There is the fee moderate Tamils ist Tamils, that 1 being devoted to problem has to be ly in Colombo. understanding of their problems, of fact that the thin put the genie bac fore since it is ou you control it - n and further? Thi your Governmen attention to.
One aspect apparently is ov Committee form Mr. Mangala Mo very hard at it a President downw finding a quickar Everyone is awar many issues in li will around whic settlement. And t be one of them.' activity is appare next phase migh directly, perhaps
G. - Aren't Tai han even Witha Indian federal se
A. - Has anyol that in the fede example, law an ters are with th whether anybody them that this them. On the oth question of dem

TAMIL TIMES 15
mil QuestiOn
isioner Nagendra Nath decades - reproduced
hing in the future even d to you really affecting lateral ties. Because I tries have learnt that of mutual concern to
aid this I think you that a greater sense of imate your approach - is and the Sinhalese to this problem. I fully inhalese people's sentigard. This is a small would like to talk in Sri Lanka etc., that's ur objectives are also, times these objectives nieved by making conght time. ling among the Tamils, , I don't talk of extremnot enough attention is their problem and the solved here, essentialThere is insufficient their point of view, of their aspirations of the gs have gone too far to ck in the bottle. Thereit of the bottle how do ot let it expand further s is something I think might like to turn its
of political activity er, that is the Select tla. We all know that onesinghe has worked ld everybody from the ard has been keen on d satisfactory solution. of that. But there are e despite all the goodh baffles solution and nis on paperappears to That phase of political htly over and now the , start. Address more lot such a huge set up,
question.
lsasking muchmore is available in the f up?
e made it clear to them all set up in India for order and land mat! states? I don't know
here categorically told ,
would be available to Sr hand now I find the (ger versus merger is
certainly taking precedence over federalism.
Q.- You have to look at the reality in the East, where Tamils are not in an overall majority? hf you take the Muslims and the Sinhalese together they are in the majority and the leader of the Muslims in the East, H.M. Ashraf has said given a choice they are not for the merger. In such a situation how can you give into the demand of the minority?
A. - Let me put it differently. The very fact that at one particular time in 1987, the North and the East were merged. Whatever may have been the compulsion for doing so, would it not indicate that there is some substance in the Tamil contention that the North East as presently formulated was at one time a Tamil majority area. This is also backed by the population statistics of 1948 and earlier.
Q. - Even if you go back to the times of Sinhala kings this is an hollow argument. For example it is recorded that when Robert Knox landed in Battcaloa he was arrested by officials of the Kandyan king.
A. - That is your point of view. This is a very widely shared point of view and I accept that it is widely shared. But the point is if you take 1948, that is the year of your independence, the figures I have seen gives a slightly different picture. You may be right if you go back a hundred years, two hundred years, the picture could be still different. But let's take 1948, which is an important year, or 1931, I'm told that in both these census’Tamils have been the majority in the East.
Q. - If you ignore current reality in Sri Lanka's East, then in the same breath you have to advocate giving separate states for Aborigines of Australia or Red Indians of America?
A. - I am not saying go back in history. Don't carry the statement to absurd extents in the past. The point is you have a problem in Sri Lanka of settling down to a peaceful existence again, which was a natural state of affairs. I can see Sri Lanka doing great wonders once this war is over and it gets down to the actual act of reconstruction. You have alreadydone pretty well in economic terms. This is something that the World Bank and others have acknowledged. Now you have an opportunity or you will have an opportunity hopefully of improving on that still further. For that the war has to end.
For the war to end and the genuine long term settlement to take place - not something that will get wiped out
Continued on page 16

Page 16
16 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 15
in two to three years - some concessions will have to be made to the Tamils. As I see it that concession may seem unreasonable for the Sinhalese side and you have given me reasons why you feel it is unreasonable and I appreciate your reasons. I don't have to agree with them, but I understand them because you are the person directly affected. At the same time from their point of view it is unreasonable not to accept their point of view. Therefore some compromise has to be worked out.
Now is enough being done to work out a compromise? And here I must say I admire, though it did not go far enough, I admire genuine efforts made by Mr. Mangala Moonesinghe - various concept papers, option papers and other papers that were circulated; suggestions were made; counter suggestions were made; discussions were carried out. It can be argued that it did not go far enough, but at least it represented a sincere attempt to find a solution.
Later on the federalism topic also came on the scene after the ENDLF paper or Mr. Srinivasan's paper. All these things are hopeful signs, but I'm saying the hopeful signs should not only remain hopeful, something has to appear on the ground, which takes care of this. In other words you have to work out a formula in your own minds with your own ingenuity. This is the problem facing us - how do we keep the country together? What are the concessions to be made for the country? Now surely if the two sides settle down to serious negotiations they can find a way out.
Q. - But in the past Tigers have agreed to various things and then gone back on those agreements?
A. - I'm not talking about Tigers. I'm talking about moderate Tamils, because not enough appreciation has gone into the fact that moderate Tamil parties, using the path of moderation and unity of Sri Lanka, in their own way have straight courage and given up and eschewed violence. They have come down from the pedestal of Eelam to something which is unified. But they can argue and I think from their point of view that they have made all the concessions so far. Why can't the Sinhalese and the Government?
Q:- I think even hardline Sinhalese have conne to realise the need to devolve powers to those areas, but the stumbling block appears to be the merger?
A: - The problem lies in land and law and order; these are your two
main problems so far concerned. In the la won’t you at least pro state colonisation as the thing moving. A not make any differen reality, but make a ( future things getting be a gesture, which appreciated by the main thing is how do that the moderate Tar is not lost, because the ate in practice and pre be felt by some pe moderation has no ba! felt or known based Tamils themselves, th represent the silent Tamils like the Sinhale for peace in this coul people are more repre: yearning, though they term be representativ situation on the groun representative of inner
Q: - How far in you we to go in the case of enforcement functions
A: - We can go only experience. This distin the state and the centr In any case you too h system Federal or Qua up here, the very fact vants, meaning the service, the police servi a particular cadre for « you are all along a C ment employee, though state government officia your career is concerne representative of the C ment and the central looks after your future have that type of system country this fine distir state powers and centra to erode. The states w law and order through officials. So outsiders wi charge of the adminis state. Therefore if plementing state gover in law and order or wha are doing it in the cap representative of the f ment. I think we have conflict in this manner. there, why shouldn't it I'm not saying that the like a perfect system b imperfect creature. So made systems are als somewhat imperfect, b imperfect systems you think of the best one.
G: - Will India accommodate Tigers

is devolution is problem why aim a freeze on mething to set least that will e to the ground fference to the Torse. That will m sure will be ther side. The you make sure il parties' voice may be moder:ept and it may
ple that their
e, but I always on talking to at they in fact majority, The se are yearning try and these entative of the may not in your of the actual d, but they are instincts.
opinion, have devolving law 2
by the Indian iction between e is ridiculous. ave the same usi Federal set the civil seradministrative ce, are allotted ach state, but intral Governyou become a l first as far as but you are a 2ntral Governnome ministry So when you prevalent in a ction between l powers tends ill control the these central l have to be in ration in the hey are imnment powers ever it is, they city also as a deral Governorted out this fit works out vork out here. ! is something cause it is an all the man going to be it within the eally have to
once again ! View of the
15 FEBRUARY 1993
ramifications in Tamil Nadu? They are not totally beaten out in the state.
A: - If there are individuals or groups in Tamil Nadu who are proLTTE that is their prerogative. You can't stop them from being pro-LTTE.
Q: - But they can once again Influence Indian policy?
A: - They are not important groups. We are pretty certain if there were elections pro-Tiger groups will not come to power at least in the foreseeable future. One cannot predict for all time to come for ever, but certainly for the foreseeable future. The shock and the impact of the assassination (of Mr. Rajiv Gandhi) was very severe in Tamil Nadu. It is not something that should be underestimated here. It doesn't mean that each of the 60 million people of Tamil Nadu feel equally about it, of course not.
Q: - Don't you think outside interests exploited the Tamil grievances in Sri Lanka to upset things in İndia?
A: - Anything is possible. That is why I say the longer your situation remains unresolved, the greater the danger of all that, precisely the point I'm making. When I said earlier we are a concerned or an interested party I had all these things in mind.
Q:- India unwisely interfered in Sri Lanka in the past over the Tamil issue. Hlas that policy changed for good now?
A: - We did not interfere in the sense you are referring to. But if expression of worry, concern and all that is interference, to that extent I suppose you are right.
Q: - it definitely went beyond expression of concern and worry. For example your predecessor here behaved like a Viceroy?
A: - It is you all who gave him that title.
Q: - He certainly did not behave like a diplomat in the first place? You have always to keep to the diplomatic decorun, but he used to voice his opinion publicly here on many issues and even publicly contradicted the Government here. He wouldn't have done those things without the backing of the lindian Central Government.
A: - I have also been outspoken here, but why have you not called me names also.
Q: - You have not been antagoinistic?
A: - That is a different matter. Because I suppose the times are different, the circumstances are different, may be individual styles are different; no two human individuals are exactly the same.

Page 17
15 FEBRUARY 1993
Amnesty International Annual Re
Human Rights Abuses in S
Hundreds of people were extrajudicially executed and several hundred "disappeared'. Torture of detainees was common. Thousands of people were detained without trial under emergency regulations and the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA). The government took steps to protect those currently in detention, but failed to account for thousands who 'disappeared' in previous years.
The armed conflict between government forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) continued in the northeast. In Amparai, Batticaloa and Trincomalee, government forces retained control of towns and main roads, but there was sporadic fighting in the countryside and tension between the Tamil, Muslim and Sinhalese communities of the area remained high. Fighting in Vavuniya and elsewhere resulted in heavy casualties on both sides. Jaffna peninsula, controlled by the LTTE, was intermittently bombed and shelled by government forces, leading many civilians to flee. The government and the LTTE both made offers to negotiate but no negotiations took place. Under the state of emergency, which remained in force throughout the year, the security forces were empowered to arrest and detain people without charge or trial.
President Ranasinghe Premadasa prorogued parliament in September after some members of parliament sought to impeach him for alleged abuse of power, corruption and failure to protect human rights.
The LTTE was responsible for gross human rights abuses, including torture and killing of prisoners. It was believed to be holding about 2,000 prisoners and to have publicly executed more than 30. It was also responsible for widespread killings, of Muslim and Sinhalese civilians amongst others.
The government took several steps to improve human rights protection. A Presidential Commission of Inquiry into the Involuntary Removal of Persons was established in January to Investigate 'disappearances' occurring between 11 January 1991 and 11 January 1992. A Human Rights Task Force (HRTF) was established in July to maintain a central register of all those held under the IPTA and : .ergency Regulations, and to monitor their fundamental rights. At the
government's invi Nations (UN) Wor forced or Involunt visited Sri Lanka i
The military, Task Force (STF unit were respon extrajudicial execu east. The victims worker who was dead for no appa army patrol at Sit ticaloa district, in lians were killed ir for LTTE attack forces. In June, fo 67 civilians, includi dren, were killed personnel rampag lages of Mahiladi laikuda after two killed in a landmin The President init. of inquiry into the not reported by the The victims of e tions included pe violations by gove April Mangaleswa teacher at Tampa malee district, was home by soldiers two-year-old son al Five days earlier s to the police abot soldiers, who had til She was apparentl tion. The soldiers portedly arrested.
In the east of the LTTE members we and killed by men it were believed to be security forces. Vi left in public place lated state. In A headless bodies wer loa: at least one wa notice claiming rei by the Black Cobra town dozens of ab ried out by unident to be associated wit Extrajudicial exe reported from the sc lesser scale than The victims include from Dikkapitiya Badulla district, two released from deten earlier. They were from their homes i who identified the

TAMIL TIMES 17
port 1992
Sri Lanka
tation the United king Group on Enary Disappearances n October.
police and Special police commando sible for scores of |tions in the northincluded a railway detained and shot rent reason by an hthandikuddy, BatJune. Other civiapparent reprisals s on the security r instance, at least ng women and chilwhen local army ed through the vilthivu and Muthasoldiers had been e explosion nearby. iated a commission incident but it had
end of the year. xtrajudicial execuople who reported rnment forces. In ry Kanthasamy, a ulakamam, Trincos shot dead at her together with her nd elderly parents. he had complained ut harassment by nen been punished. y killed in retaliainvolved were re
| country suspected re seized, abducted n plain clothes who connected with the ctims' bodies were s, often in a mutipril a number of e found in Batticas accompanied by a sponsibility signed as'. In Trincomalee luctions were carified men believed h the army.
cutions were also uth, although on a in previous years. d three young men l, Welimada, in of whom had been tion a few months
reportedly taken in October by men mselves as police
officers. Their bodies were later found burning in a culvert.
Hundreds of people in the east reportedly "disappeared' after being detained by government forces. Many were feared to have been killed in custody; others were believed to be held in incommunicado detention. In Batticaloa town alone, over 400 people reportedly 'disappeared' between early January and the end of November.
At least 32 prisoners reportedly "disappeared' in police custody in the south. Some were said by police to have escaped or to have been released - despite official directives that prisoners should only be released to relatives or responsible members of the community. Nanayakkarage Don Mahinda Abeywickrama Gunaratne of Yatiyana, Matarra district, was seized on 15 February in Colombo by armed men reportedly connected with a ruling party politician, then taken to Gandara police station in Matara district. His relatives were not permitted to see him and he "disappeared'. Police said he was released on 2 April, but others reported seeing him in police custody after that date.
Muslim Home Guards and armed members of Tamil groups opposed to the LTTE who operated alongside government forces were also held responsible for 'disappearances' and other violations. Subramaniam Ketheeswaran 'disappeared' after he was taken from a refugee camp at Bambalapitiya, Colombo, in September by members of the Eelam People’s Democratic Party. About 10 days later he was taken to an army camp in Batticaloa and questioned about his involvement with the LTTE. He reappeared when he was released uncharged in November. The authorities failed to clarify the fate of Kumaraguru Kugamoorthy, a Tamil radio producer and human rights activist who had 'disappeared' in 1990 after being abducted by an armed group believed to be connected with the security forces (see Amnesty International Report 1991).
Detainees in the northeast were systematically tortured. Victims were beaten, stabbed, burned and scalded, partially buried or had nails driven through the soles of their feet. Dozens of people reportedly died as a result, particularly in the east. In Colombo a prisoner awaiting trial at New Magazine prison died in January after being beaten with iron rods by prison staff. Several inquiries into his death were announced but their outcome was not revealed. In June a Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), People's Liberation
Continued on page 18

Page 18
18 TAM TIMES *
Continued from page 17
Front, suspect died after being beaten with wire, rubber belts and clubs at Bulathsinhala police station. Four police officers and a Home Guard wee subsequently arrested and charged with causing his death.
Three police officers accused of murdering Wijedasa Liyanarachchi in September 1988 (see Amnesty International Reports 1989 and 1991) were convicted in March after the charges against them were reduced to illegal detention and conspiracy to detain illegally. They received suspended sentences and were fined. Little progress was reported in other cases involving human rights violations by government forces. In February a proposal for an independent inquiry into the killing of Richard de Zoysa (see Amnesty International Report 1991) was defeated in parliament. In November one of the police officers facing trial on charges of murdering 12 prisoners in Nittambuwa, Gampaha district, in February 1990 (see Amnesty International Heeport 1991) was killed inside the courtroom by an unidentified gunman. The trial was subsequently discontinued.
More than 1,200 fundamental rights applications were filed in the Supreme Court by prisoners alleging illegal detention or torture. The court awarded compensation and ordered the release of 42 untried detainees whose complaints it upheld. In May a lawyer representing untried political detainees held at Boosa detention camp informed the Supreme Court that six of them had 'disappeared' since starting their legal action. Lawyers expressed concern that dozens of other suspected government opponents remained in detention for months without charge or trial despite Supreme Court orders for their release.
In late September the government announced that 5,294 people were being detained without trial in the south under the Emergency Regulations or the PTA and a further 1,080 in the northeast. Those figures did not include hundreds of LTTE and JVP suspects taken into custody at army barracks or police stations. Many of the prisoners held in the south since between 1988 and 1990 continued to be detained for "rehabilitation' under Emergency Regulations 18A and 10C, as a result of administrative decisions against which there is no right of appeal.
The LTTE was responsible for gross human rights abuses. Members or sympathizers of rival Tamil groups and people suspected of providing information to government forces were
held captive, particul area. An estimated were held by the about 50 reportedly ( their 'dissenting vi increasing reports f people being detaine the LTTE. Thirt businessmen simila 1990 in Jaffna conti Prisoners were held and relatives receive about their wherea those held by the LT ly tortured.
The LTTE also at and Muslim civilians the northeast. In Jun least 11 passengers shot dead by LTTE bus was halted by a Hulanuge, Ampara bodies were then put burned. In late A September the deco) police officers, rel several hundred take LTTE in June 199 International Repo found in mass grav district. In October reported that the L executed at least 32 na peninsula. Repor blindfolded, the pris to confess to a "crim Death threats were against inhabitants o in the east. Tens members of the Mu fled the northeast du ing similar threats b Amnesty Internation.(
The LTTE was also of responsibility for ki northeast, including in May of former Prin Gandhi of India, in Ta The LTTE denied res. death.
In January Amnes commented on propo to the fundamental the Constitution. It work of the Presider of Inquiry into the moval of Persons, whi hearings in August. led on the governme. commission's mandat thousands of "disap occurred before 11 Ja made other recom strengthen its work HRTF. Concern was people in the northe; areas had insufficient institutions.
Amnesty Internat information from the

5FEBRUARY 1993
larly in the Jaffna
2,000 prisoners LTTE, including letained solely for ews. There were rom the east of ed for ransom by y-two Muslim irly detained in inued to be held. incommunicado d no information abouts. Some of TE were reported
tacked Sinhalese living in or near le, for example, at were deliberately forces after their mine explosion at i district. Their , into the bus and ugust and early mposed bodies of portedly among in prisoner by the 0 (see Amnesty Prt 1991), were res in Batticaloa unofficial sources PTE had publicly prisoners in Jaff. tedly bound and oners were made e' and then shot. reportedly made fMuslim villages of thousands of islim community ring 1990 followy the LTTE (see al Report 1991).
widely suspected lings outside the the assassination ne Minister Rajiv amil Nadu, India. ponsibility for his
sty International sed amendments rights chapter of monitored the tial Commission Involuntary Reich started public it repeatedly calnt to extend the ;e to include the pearances' that nuary 1991, and mendations to and that of the expressed that ast and in rural t access to these
ional requested Minister of Jus
tice about investigations into the death of a prisoner at New Magazine prison, Colombo, in January. No reply was received.
Amnesty International also issued direct appeals to the LTTE in January for the humane treatment of police officers held at unknown places in the Jaffna peninsula; in February to reiterate appeals for an immediate halt to killings of civilians and prisoners; in August to urge that all LTTE cadres be instructed to desist from torturing or killing defenceless people and to allow the International Committee of the Red Cross regular access to prisoners; and in November for a halt to execution-style killings and for steps to be taken to protect prisoners from torture.
In March Amnesty International delegates were permitted access to Sri Lanka for the first time since 1982 to attend a human rights conference in Colombo. The delegates met government officials to discuss future access and steps being taken by the government to improve human rights. An Amnesty International delegation visited Sri Lanka in June to discuss human rights with government officials, local human rights activists and others.
In September Amnesty International published a major report, Sri Lanka - The Northeast. Human rights violations in a contect of armed conflict, documenting its concerns since June 1990. In December the government announced that it would bring into effect 30 of the 32 recommendations made in the report, including initiating independent investigations into . human rights violations and guaranteeing prompt access to lawyers and relatives to all detainees. The two recommendations not included were the extension of the mandate of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry into the Involuntary Removal of Persons to include "disappearances that occurred prior to 11 January 1991, and the repeal of the Indemnity (Amendment) Act (see Amnesty International Report 1989). In November the LTTE wrote to Amnesty International but did not respond to any of the allegations of human rights abuses by the LTTE documented in the report.
In oral statements to the UN Commission on Human Rights in February and to its Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities in August, Amnesty International expressed grave concern about continued 'disappearances' and extrajudicial executions and the high degree of impunity with which the security forces were able to operate.

Page 19
15 FEBRUARY 1993
BOOK REVIEW
The right to disagree
Religion and Political Conflict in South Asia India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Edited by Douglas Allen Contribution to the Study of Religion, Number 34.
One of the most dramatic and surprising developments of the last twenty years was the proliferation of aggressive political movements linked to religion. This book examines the interplay of religion and politics in predominantlly Hindu India, Islamic Pakistan, and Buddhist Sri Lanka. This collection of Studies by internationally known scholars challenges traditional stereotypes and interpretations of South Asian religion and politics and provides a multi-disciplinary perspective on contemporary conflicts. While the focus of the work is on Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, the arguments advanced by the authors are useful for understanding recent developments in religion and politics around the world.
An informative introduction overviews the link between religion and
Continued from page 6
sed. The Indian government is interfering unnecessarily in the Tamils' struggle for freedom. There is great pain and anger in the minds of the Tamil people, and this incident has caused considerable damage' for the relations between India and the LTTE.
The unexpected demise of Kittu and 9 other LTTE senior military men along with the cargo vessel reportedly carrying a large quantity of weapons has no doubt been enthusiastically welcomed by the Sri Lankan military establishment which itself lost many of its top officers in the recent past in its war against the LTTE. Sri Lankan army commander Lt. Gen. Hamilton Wanasinghe said that he was "extremely grateful to the Indian authorities. He said, M.V. Ahat was bringing weaponry to fight the security forces. Now thanks to the Indians, all that has gone to the bottom of the Indian Ocean'.
Dismissing the claim that Kittu was bringing a peace formula backed by an undisclosed western country, a Sri Lankan government spokesman said, We have never heard of bringing peace plans together with huge quantities of arms. This is another instance of LTTE double talk'.
political conflict offers a framewo chapters that grouped into th] ity. The chapte recent elections militant Hinduis relations on socie and the problen largest religious chapterson Paki tical and econom rise of Islamic historical relatio nationalism, anc The chapters on role of Buddhis political oppress tween the ideal and the reality and the impact gender on politi scientists, histo
Continued from
events that, acco changed the whol camp. Since then in the camp pre monstrations and and ammunition, rebels have also armed cadres, Mı all over the place
Two UNHCR the issue with th Jaffna recently w was never declar was only the Jaff under the admini national Commit (ICRC), which accepted as being
The declaring neutral zone follo the Jaffna teach during the blood the Jaffna Fort.
Although ther agreements reg camp, Mr. Utka Clarence, in a n 1990 wrote, “th agreements from the Sri Lankan g status or security tres.
Both parties ha ed their intentio ORCs and there is with both parties arms should no There is implici OCRs as neutral nitarian relief c international age

in South Asia and k and synopsis of the follow. These are ee parts by nationals on India examine and the growth of
n, the impact of caste -economic conditions, s of Muslims as the minority in India. The stan explore how poliic changes led to the undamentalism; the ship among gender,
the Islamic nation. Sri Lanka explain the
myth in justifying on, the conflict beof Buddhist pacifism of political violence,
of race, class, and al conflict. Political rians, and religion
TAMIL TIMES 19
scholars will find this study a timely and valuable addition to their libraries.
Douglas Allen is Professor of Philosophy, at the University of Maine at Orono. A former Fulbright Instructor at Banaras Hindu University, his interests include Eastern philosophy and the phenomenology of religion. He has authored several books on Mircea Eliade (Structure and Creativity in Religion, Mircea Eliade: An Annotated Bibliography with Dennis Doeing, and Mircea Eliade et le phenomene religieux) and has co-edited with Ngo Vinh Long, Coming to Terms: Indochina, the United States, and the War.
Orders: Westport Publications, Ltd., 3 Henrietta Street, London WC2E 8LU, England. Toppan Company, Box 22, Jurong Town Post Office, Jurong, Singapore.
age 9
rding to Mr. Utkan, e environment of the Tamil Tiger flags fly mises, they hold deopenly display arms says Mr. Utkan. The opened a library and r. Utkan alleges, are
officials who took up e rebel leadership in ere told, that Madhu ed a neutral zone. It na hospital premises, stration of the Intertee of the Red Cross the rebels have a neutral zone.
of the hospital as a wed the bombings of ing hospital in 1990 battle for control of
e were no written arding the Madhu h's predecessor, Bill te dated November re are no written either the Tigers or overnment as to the of the UNHCR cen
ve, however expressnot to violate the tacit understanding that cadres carrying enter the ORCs. acceptance of the reas in which humaun be provided by cies and NGOs’.
Mr. Utkan feels that UNHCR could unwittingly jeopardiese its mandate of impartiality, and appear to have taken
sides if it turns a blind eye to the
goings-on at Madhu.
"When the military opened a camp in Cheddikulam close to the demarcation line we prevailed upon them to remove it' says Mr. Utkan.
'We have to weigh our optios carefully without compromising our credibility'. Mr. Utkan however hopes that UNHCR will not be faced with a situation where it will not be able to operate.
In the early months of 1990 when Deputy Defence Minister Ranjan Wijeratne wanted the refugees from Madhu moved to the south, since they were in what he described as a war zone and could easily become victims of the crossfire syndrome, there was a howl of protests from the international community, and the idea was abandoned.
The refugees themselves did not want to be shifted into a camp in the south, inspite of being assured that they would be under UNHCR protection.
The Open Relief Centre at Madhu has been a safe haven for the refugees, mainly from the north. There are no indiscriminate arrests and no military operations in the area. It was a kind of "gentlemen's agreement' between the two sides, the military and the rebels, that Madhu will not be interfered with.
Now however the scenario has
changed. And not only UNCHR but other international NGOs too have
Continued on page 25

Page 20
20 TAMIL TIMES
SLFP Tamil MP Rejects 'Srinivasan Pri
SLFP nationalist MP and former Supreme Court Judge, T.W. Rajaratnam has declared firm support for the merger of the North-East and rejected the Srinivasan plan as a "paper rose'.
Mr. Rajaratnam, who is also a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee on the ethnic conflict said in an interview that he represented minority interests, and thus supported the merger, while the SLFP as a whole sought a de-merger.
"I also do not support the Srinivasan plan because the original plan has been chopped and changed beyond recognition. I also do not support a federal form of government on the Indian pattern, because in the quasifederal Indian system, the centre can dismiss governments in the states, Mr. Rajaratnam said.
Referring to Minister A.C.S. Hameed's claim that federalism could be called by any other name just as a rose is a rose by any other name, Mr. Rajaratnam said the Srinivasan plan was a paper rose, mutilated and cut.
“When S.W. R.D. Bandaranaike mentioned Federalism in the 1920s as
a liberal intellectual, adopted it then, ever were political con nationalist MP said.
Asked why he supp Mr. Rajaratnam said: East are traditionally This has been true at le hundred years. In the 1977 and 1983, where people go? To the N. They also went to Sout of the language and cul The two Republican ( 1972 and 1978 did reca uistic bond of the two 13th amendment also conditional merger. So, stand'.
He said the Sinhales in the two provinces buy land, but state colo not be allowed. All th Sinhala and Muslims i vinces should be protec
Outlining the soluti Mr. Rajaratnam saidth ceasefire before any tal
"All demands are neg
Refugee Family
Barely two days after Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland called upon the nation to rise against violence towards foreigners by extreme racist elements all over Europe, a gang of armed criminals
attacked a Sri Lankan Tamil refugee family in Hareid causing considerable physical injury and damage to their property.
The victim, Mylvaganam Balasingham (33), living in Hareid, an island north west of Norway, and his wife Sarojadevi (26) were harassed and assaulted in the presence of their two children, Ranjana (6) and Narmada (1) by a gang of three masked men, who police claimed to be a group of 'alcoholics”.
The gangsters according to informed sources, had stormed the house smashing the front door before they manhandled the family. They cut off the telephone, smashed my pushcycle, and then beat me up until I fell, bleeding', Balasingham alleged in his evidence to Police.
The incident covered prominently by media prompted Police to arrest four men in their twenties, one of them, a former colleague at Balasingham's workplace. The suspects, now under temporary custody are to be produced before the magistrate soon, the sources said.
in Norway Attac
Following the inciden gians in that township march bearing torch pressing solidarity wit family. In addition a la Norwegians in the vi portedly visited the and tendered their s. shifting the family to ment.
Erling Aasid, Cons fugees in the island it ruled out any racist mo the whole episode. drunkards has been area for quite some ti: threatened some Nor there too. Citizens in ou not any more racist t place in Norway' she saying.
Meanwhile Annette General Secretary of Organisation for As (NOAS) in a comment appealed to the authori matter very seriously dingly as these yout their brutality towards ly with iron-bars etc. It years ago, some in the vered Klu Klux Klan houses where refugees she was quoted as sayi

15 FEBRUARY 1993
oposals”
we should have though there straints', the
orts a merger, The North and 7 Tamil lands. ast for the past riots of 1958, did the Tamil orth and East. h India because ltural affinities. onstitutions of ognise the lingprovinces. The ) recognised a a merger must
e and Muslims could hold and nisation should e rights of the In the two proted.
on he foresaw, ere should be a ks began.
gotiable but the
:ked
ut, irate Norwe
held a protest lights, and exh the affected urge number of cinity had reBalasingham's ympathy after a better apart
ultant for ren question has tive involved in "This gang of terrorising the me. They have wegians living COeate han any other was quoted as
Thommessen, the Norwegian ylum Seekers t to the media ties to take the and act accorhs had shown a refugee famiwas not many area had discosymbols on the s were housed'
ng.
government must first declare a cease
fire. That is imperative. As Mr. Thondaman has said, one cannot find a solution without a dialogue with the LTTE, and how can there be a dialogue when a war is on with them', he asked.
Commenting on the widespread belief that the LTTE could not be trusted after the betrayal at the Hilton talks, Mr. Rajaratnam said, there were wrongs on both sides and both sides had to be blamed. "The government too dragged its feet. It promised to repeal the Sixth Amendment and did not, saying there was no two thirds majority. One has to come to terms with the LTTE and speak to it if a solution is to be found.
Bishop Pleads for Peace
Anglican Bishop Kenneth Fernando has appealed to the government and the leaders of the Tamil people to explore every possibility of ending the bloodshed and restoring justice and peace through negotiation.
He told the special session of the Diocesan Council on 21 January, in Colombo: Many persons of goodwill which include the Christian community not only in Shri Lanka but in foreign lands as well, stand ready to assist our government in any way in the fulfilment of this task'.
He appealed to men of all religions, to men of goodwill who value justice and love peace to come together to end the ethnic conflict and restore peace in the country.
He told the session of his extended visit to the north and of his meeting with the leaders of the LTTE and said he had made the details of his discussion public.
'We have also given details of the conversation to high officials and members of the diplomatic community who called on me', he said.
The bishop said the people of the North and the South should realise that the ethnic conflict could not be solved militarily. Negotiations were the only way to justice and lasting peace.
"I am firmly convinced that the entire Christian community in our country endorses that view and I plead with our government and the leaders of the Tamil people to explore every possibility of ending the terrible bloodshed that we experience in our country and to restore justice for all and peace in our land', the bishop said.
He also prayed to God to heed his prayer and grant that appeal.
He said the lives of the people of Jaffna should be made more tolerable.

Page 21
15 FEBRUARY 1993
New Proposals by Tamil
Jaffna District MP, Krishnapillai Srinivasan, whose proposals have formed the basis for the Select Committee formula on the ethnic crisis has now called for the official renaming of the country as the Federal Democratic Republic of Sri Lanka.
This he says is an essential factor for federalism without a merger of the North-East.
in a letter to President Premadasa, Mr. Srinivasan has also outlined essential conditions in support of the proposals for federalism with demerger.
He has appealed that communalism should be abolished and its practice in any form be forbidden. Any one who imposes any disability arising out of communalism should be liable to punishment.
He proposes a Constitutional change to make Sri Lanka a Federal Democratic Republic and a union of states.
Mr. Srinivasan says, there must be both a national police and a state police.
The state police will be a separate
police division w head.
He proposes ment land in tl vest in the Sta administer, cont Government lal unit. Central Go the state unit projects should tion with state ments should ha lish state land c
Among other Srinivasan prop rial limits of t established shou out their consen
The Central G discriminate aga grounds of relig and place of birt
The constituti of opportunity public offices sho
No bill or res minorities shoul majority of mel
Sri Lanka's Trade Gap Wic
Sri Lanka's Balance of Trade deficit has increased to Rs. 32,925 million in the first nine months of last year over the preceding year's deficit of Rs. 26,192 over the same period.
According to latest export/import data available for last year the first nine months saw the country exporting goods worth Rs. 73,177 million as against imports of Rs. 106,102 million. The corresponding figures for 1991 were exports Rs. 61,685 million and imports Rs. 87,877 million.
During this period the imports have grown by Rs. 18,225 million, while the export increase amounted to Rs. 11,492 million.
Among the exports, textiles and garments had shown the biggest increases during January to September 1992 rising to Rs. 32,781 million from Rs. 24,716 million in the corresponding period of the previous year, an increase of Rs. 8,065 million.
The total industrial exports (including garments or textiles) in this period amounted to Rs. 48,262 million from Rs. 36,398 in the preceding year's corresponding period, an increase of Rs. 11,870 million.
It must be noted that the remarkable growth in textile and garment exports had been achieved without the
government lau factory program as nearly all su coming into ope)
The notable c export sector du been tea earni 10,132 million f in the first nine of Rs. 3320 milli
The poor per: contributed to ar in total agricul same period to R Rs. 19,889 millio
In the first r rubber exports h million from Rs. to Rs. 2847 mi million and othe to Rs. 3,347 mi million.
Among the i period, intermed petroleum and fe biggest increase million from Rs. first nine month biggest import it ment goods amo million from Rs. the consumer goc to Rs. 26,461 mi million.

MP
rith the I.G.P. as the
that Central Governhe state units should te Unit which would rol and utilise Central nds within the state vernment land within required for national be used in collaboraunits. State Governive authority to estabOmmissions.
points in the new Osals are: The territohe state units once ld not be altered witht,
overnment should not inst any citizen on the gion, race, caste, sex h. onal right to equality and employment in ould be guaranteed.
olution affecting any d be passed unless a mbers in parliament
dens
unched 200 garment me for the rural areas, :h factories have been ration since then.
lisappointment in the uring this period had ngs declining to Rs. om Rs. 13,452 million months of 1991, a drop Ot.
formance of tea had overall slight decline tural exports in the s. 19,175 million from
nine months of 1992 ad grown to Rs. 2247 1956 million, coconut lion from Rs. 1872 r agricultural exports illion from Rs. 2,600
imports, during this iate goods like wheat, rtilizer had shown the registering Rs. 53,268 43,994 million in the s of 1991. The second tem had been investunting to Rs. 26,279 20,754 million, while ods imports have risen lion from Rs. 23,051
TAM TIMES 21
belonging to that minority agree to such a bill or resolution.
There should be an elected assembly for each state. The legislative power of the state should vest in the state assembly. The state assembly shall have power to levy taxes. There should be a High Court for each state. The High Court would be the court of appeal for other courts in the state.
Mr. Srinivasan has proposed the following powers for the federal states:
Police and internal law and order, land and all its uses, education (including university and technical education), archaeology, culture, fisheries, industries, local government, excise, agriculture, irrigation agrarian services, health, prisons and reformatories, state transport and roads, co- si operative development, language and labour.
Muslims Urge Release of LTTE Captives
The Muslim Information Centre (MIC) warmly welcomes and hails the peace initiatives taken by the Rt. Rev. Kenneth Fernando, the Anglican Bishop of Colombo, whose visit to Jaffna earlier this week will go down in the annals of Sri Lanka's current history as an extremely important one. MIC hopes that the Bishop's initiatives will lead to a situation whereby the prolonging war and meaningless bloodshed would be brought to an end and a political solution, acceptable to all sections of the people, would be found to the ethnic crisis, Chairman of MIC, Al Haj Abdul Ameer states in a Press release.
Unfortunately, it is the noncombatant civilians in the Northern and Eastern provinces - Muslim, Tamil and Sinhala - who have to undergo untold hardships and suffer due to this never-ending war.
While welcoming the release of the two Policemen by the LTTE, MIC, as the Muslim human rights body, urges LTTE leader W. Prabhakaran to set free 38 Muslim civilians still held incommunicado by the LTTE in the North. They are in LTTE's custody for well over two years. Appeals by international bodies such as the London. based Amnesty International in this respect have failed to evoke any positive response from the LTTE leadership. Only 12 Muslim hostages were unconditionally released by the LTTE on 9 March 1992 upon the intervention by the Amnesty International at the request of MIC. ܫ
Several other Muslim hostages were
set free after they met the conditions of the LTTE.

Page 22
22 TAMIL TIMES
Moves to Open Safe Passage to and f
The government is looking at three areas - providing a safe passage across the lagoon, moving food supplies along KKS — Jaffna road and removing non-strategic items from the banned list - to help ease the sufferings of Jaffna citizens, Mr. Bradman Weerakoon, Presidential Advisor for International Affairs said on 28 January.
He told the weekly press briefing in Colombo that the government was exploring the possibility of opening the Kerativu-Sangupiddy route for civilian traffic as an alternative safe route to and from Jaffna.
“We are working with the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) about opening the Sangupiddy route . . . It's the outcome of UNHCR initiative', Mr. Weerakoon said.
He said the government had opened the Elephant Pass road for civilian traffic but the LTTE is preventing the people from using it. The liberation of Pooneryn and the establishment of an army camp there had closed the Sangupiddy route, which had been declared a no-go zone.
The LTTE had asked for the removall of the Pooneryn army camp as a condition for the reopening of the Sangupiddy road. The army will not be withdrawn', Mr. Weerakoon said.
The discussion with the UNHCR is about a monitoring process which would prevent LTTE cadres using the causeway to transport men and material. Outside the causeway area, in Pooneryn, the army will establish a check point, Mr. Weerakoon said.
He said the government and the army are concerned about the welfare of the people living in Jaffna. Requests also have come from the people of Jaffna and the Bishop of Jaffna for the opening of a safe passage for the citizens to travel.
Mr. Weerakoon said the International Committee for Red Cross (ICRC) is having discussions with the government and the LTTE about transporting food supplies to Jaffna along the KKS road. Now, food ships are unloaded at Point Pedro and sent along Point Pedro road. KKS harbour has better facilities for the unloading of ships.
"There is also a request to take off the non-strategic items from the banned list. There are 43 items in the banned list. We will look to see what items can be taken off that list, Mr. Weerakoon said.
Were these the result of Bishop's visit, Mr. Weerakoon was asked.
He said: "No. There We have been looki before his visit'.
Meanwhile an arn stated that there has of misunderstanding ment of civilians to Jaffna peninsula. The have a responsibility welfare of all its ci they live in this islan
The Security Force cern for the interesto the Jaffna peninsula free movement of pec the peninsula to the across the Jaffna lag spite the Security For that the route across being used by the LT into the mainland mo) arms, explosives and as well as obtaining re the people who wantec the lagoon into the ma
"However, it was cle Ver that the LTTE exploiting this situat was confident that the would continue to kee open even at the tremendous military al advantages to the S. The Government was pelled to promulgate t traordinary No. 736/1"
TWO MF
Mr. Mahinda Rajapak for Hambantota Distr Fundamental Rights a lenging his arrest and c Chief Inspector B.P.D of Slave Island poli 10.12.92, at Slave Islal
He has said that t arrest was the Intern; Rights Day, and he a Vasudeva Nanayakk ducted a meeting in til mises of Slave Island International Human l ter the meeting comme Karunaratne arrived w ables abused him (Mr. Mr. Nanayakkara and the people, who had a Inspector, with son abused the crowd in fi them away. Later the charged him and even shoot and break the he and Mr. Nanayakkara abandon the meeting.
The petition went o the petitioner and

15 FEBRUARY 1993
Om Jaffna
s no connection. at them even
y Press release een agreat deal bout the moveand from the Security Forces o safeguard the izens wherever
of Sri Lanka.
with great conpeople living in
permitted the ble to and from mainland even on. This is de‘es being aware the lagoon was TE to infiltrate e LTTE cadres,
ammunition etc.
enue by taxing to move across inland.
ar to any obserwas ruthlessly on. The LTTE Security Forces 2p this channel expense of nd strategic disecurity Forces. therefore comhe Gazette Ex7 dated Friday,
16 October 1992 to make the Jaffna lagoon a "Prohibited Zone'.
However, the Elephant Pass route which was kept open to the public by the Security Forces was blocked and mined by the LTTE In their desire to seal off the Jaffna peninsula from any contact with the mainland. The LTTE also exploited this situation to charge exorbitant rates for passengers travelling in their boats whilst at the same time using passengers as a human shield, lay mines in the lagoon and to attack Sri Lanka Naval boats patrolling the Jaffna lagoon.
With the intention of halting the flow of LTTE cadres, arms, explosives etc., but allowing the people safe passage across the lagoon, the Security Forces have decided to provide an alternative route other than the Elephant Pass route for the civilians which the LTTE would not be able to exploit. In consequence of this decision to consider the possibility of an alternate route via Sangupiddy, the army is seeking the assistance and the cooperation of UNHCR/ICRC organisations in the country to provide a safe and convenient alternative route for the civilians to move to and from the Jaffna peninsula. The main aim of the Security Forces is to reduce the hardships suffered by the people of Jaffna who are now virtually being held captive in the Jaffna peninsula unable to leave without authority and payment to the LTTE.
's File Action Against Police
te, S.L.F.P. MP ict has filed a pplication chaletention by the
Kurunaratne, :e station on d
he date of his tional Human long with Mr. ura, MP cone Temple preto mark the ights Day. Af. nced Inspector th some constajapakse) and hot tear gas at ssembled. The e constables h and chased spector baton threatened to ds of both him f they did not
to say when, [r. Vasudeva
Nanayakkara, protested at the unfair conduct of the police, both MPs were arrested, without being told why, taken to the police station at Slave Island, and detained. Both of them were released an hour later after recording a statement from them, as ordered by S.S.P. Mr. Ronnie Gunesinghe. Meanwhile Mr. Anura Bandaranaike had telephoned the Speaker, and protested at the arrest and
detention.
The petitioner has moved Court for
a declaration that of violation of his Fundamental Rights on grounds of being subjected to degrading treatment, illegal arrest and detention, in violation of Articles (11), 13(1), 13 (2), of the Constitution of Sri Lanka.
Mr. Vasudeva Nanayakkara, N.S.S.P. MP too, has filed a similar application.
The respondents in both the applications are Chief Inspector Karunaratne of the Slave Island police station, the I.G.P. and the Attorney General.
The applications will be supported in Court on 12.1.93.

Page 23
SESAUARY 1993
NEWS ROUND-UP
O PARLIAMENTARY SELECT COMMITTEE: In a recent interview, President of the Ceylon Workers Congress and Cabinet Minister, S. Thondaman said that the Committee was set up to find ways and means of solving the ethnic problem, but its proceeding appeared to him to be aimed at disrupting and side-tracking it from finding a solution. From the very inception, the parties of the majority community were united and keen on demerger of the North and East rather than finding a solution.
The main reason for his dissatisfaction with the Select Committee was that it was working on the basis of sidelining the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement. The chauvinist elements who were working towards this end could pose a danger of denying the status of Official Language to the Tamil language accorded under the Agreement. As a Tamil he felt that the best way of registering his strong protest against the de-merger was to resign from the Committee, Mr. Thondaman said.
He posed the question as to how confidence could be placed on communal forces and parties that do not want to honour an agreement entered into between two countries and want to abrogate it unilaterally. The stand taken by him on this issue would not in any way affect his position in and relationship with the government. Even in the past there had been several instances when he, in his capacity as President of the CWC, had differences of opinion with the ruling party. O POLICE ATTACK JOURNALISTS: Policemen, armed with automatic weapons, manhandled and aimed their weapons at journalists and press photographers covering a student protest close to the Institute of Indigenous Medicine at Rajagiriya about 6 miles off Colombo on 22 December. There were at least a dozen local and international media personnel when the police closed in, and when the pressmen tried to explain their right to cover such an event, some policemen turned abusive. Journalists were warned by the police to keep away and not to take photographs of the protesting students.
The students had held a sit-in protest along the road leading to the parliament against alleged discrimination of the Institute of Indigenous Medicine, a faculty of the Colombo University. Armed police had arrived when the students and their supporters numbering about 800 were about to end their protest. They came to break up the student protest, but
when they spotte take photograph came angry and on the pressmen who was at the
O EASTERN UN ish High Comn funds for the dev ern University ; his recent visit t ish High Comm ernment Agent
had told him tha in the area w. restore civil ac undertake devel University. How Agent informed er that there w veloping the Un habilitation worl in army control Commissioner is that he would ta the government
OPLIGHT OF R lies who fled frc eastern Ampara took refuge at Vidiyalayam. Sc had been reset families who co camp, 150 famil relief assistance other Non-Gov tions for the r considered as m of government employees. For these refugeesh: assistance oth amount provide 450 children be without milk. O MECHANICK old mechanic, alias Rex, from Jaffna peninsula recently followir Tiger cadres wl camp with a vie to travel to Co. released to his seven days with the body withou O RESETTLEM The Ministry c Reconstruction the Defence Mi the resettlemer who returned which did not c of the security fi Vavuniya, Man Nearly 7,500 r from India are s refugee camps further reporte would not be

TAM TIMES | 23
'djournalists trying to is, the policemen beturned their attention , said a local journalist SCee.
IVERSITY: The Brithission had allocated 'elopment of the Eastn Sri Lanka. During o Batticaloa, the Britissioner told the Govthat the government t the ground situation as not conducive to ministration and to opmental work to the ever, the Government the High Commissionas no problem in deiversity, and that rek could be undertaken led areas. The High reported to have said ke up the matter with in Colombo.
EFUGEES: 1370 famiom 13 villages in the i district in July 1990
Vipulananda Maha ome of these families tled. But of the 265 ntinue to live in the ies have been denied from Social Service or ernmental organisaeason that they are embers of the families or state corporation the last six months, ave not been receiving er than the small d by the government. low the age of 3 are
(ILLED: A forty-yearidentified as Navam 1. Gurunagar in the was hacked to death
ng an argument with ,
men Rex went to the w to obtaining a 'visa' lombo. His body was
wife Jacintha after instructions to bury t delay.
ENT OF REFUGEES: f Rehabilitation and has announced that histry had sanctioned t of Tamil refugees from India in areas me under the control Irces in the districts of har and Trincomalee. fugees who returned till languishing in the in these areas. It is d that the refugees orcibly sent to their
original places of residence, and only those who expressed their willingness would be sent to those places.
O GOVT. AGENT KILLED: Six persons, including the Additional Government Agent of Batticaloa, Mr. Y. Ahamed, Assistant Govt. Agent, an Attorney-at-Law, were killed on 26 December at Valaichchenai when the jeep in which they travelled hit a landmine which reportedly was set for a military vehicle which had gone along the same road just five minutes еarlier.
Muslim Religious and Cultural Affairs Minister, Mr. A.H.M. Azwer expressing shock and distress at the tragic death of Mr. Ahamed said that he was a distinguished scholar and artiste among Muslims and had contributed a great deal for education and literature. This is another instance of the LTTE's attempt to annihilate the educated, capable and talented Muslims. This should be condemned by all peace loving people'.
Meanwhile, a former leading figure of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress, Segu Issadeen, accused the SLMC leader Mr. M.H.M. Ashraff of inciting the LTTE to butcher innocent Muslims by his rhetoric about a bogus Jihad. The SLMC has called upon the government to appoint a commission of inquiry to investigate the killings. O FUNDS ALLOCATED TO COLLEGE: The Jaffma district M.P., K. Navaratnam, has allocated Rs. 1.6 million for the construction of a two storey building for the Matale Hindu College. The first phase of the programme is now in progress with an initial allocation of Rs. 850,000.
O CIRCULARS IN TAMIL REQUESTED: Tamil school principals and head teachers have complained that all circulars and letters sent to them were in the Sinhala language which they could not read or understand. Despite several reminders, their request to the Department to send these documents in the Tamil language has not been successful. Education offices at Ruwanwella and Dehiowitta in south Sri Lanka do not correspond with Tamil heads of school as there are not officers proficient in Tamil.
O SHOOTING AT POLITICAL MEETING: One person was killed and 8 others injured when shooting broke out following a clash betgween rival political supporters at a meeting to have been addressed by the former Minister of Finance, Ronnie de Mel at Bulathsinhala on 27 December. The clash occurred between the supporters of Mr. de Mel and the UNP Member of
Continued on page 24

Page 24
24 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 23
Parliament, Mr. Sarath Ranawaka, and it was alleged that UNP supporters sought to disrupt the meeting.
Mr. de Mel later in a statement alleged that the shot fired was intended to kill him. He said that when he was at the home of Mr. Kithsiri Ranawaka, the UNP MP's brother, when shots were fired into the house, and bullets penetrated an outer wall and hit an inner wall about two feet above his head. He had gone into the house after being advised by the police not to go to the venue of meeting arranged to welcome him as a clash had already occurred.
He said that this was not the first time that an attempt on his life had been made. There were three such attempts at Badulla, Ratmalana and Horana before he left the country. Two of these were when he was participating in political rallies, while the third was at a religious meeting at a temple. "I had to hide in the priest's quarters, protected by some 30 Buddhist priests, to escape the assassins. My house at Devinuwara was burned down to the ground and my house at Geekiyanakande was attacked and ransacked. My daughter's house at Kotte was attacked and partially destroyed'. About the latest incident, he complained that there had been attempts to disrupt the meeting and that a group of persons headed by a local politician had been cutting down green flags put up to welcome him at Bulathsinhala and substituting them with black flags,
O FUNDS FOR RESETTLEMENT: The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) has received $3.8 million (Rs. 174.8 million) from Australia, Canada, France, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA, the Vatican and Italy for the rehabilitation and resettlement of refugees in North-East Sri Lanka. In addition to these funds, Japan has pledged $500,000 (Rs. 20.3 million), and Norway two million Kroner next year for this programme. The Rehabilitation Ministry said that these funds would be used by the UNHCR for the welfare of refugees with emphasis on their resettlement and rehabilitation.
O KOBBEKADUWA'S DEATH: A Commonwealth Commission is to investigate into the circumstances that led to the death of Lt. General Denzil Kobbekaduwa and 9 other senior military officers at Arali Point, Kayts, in northern Sri Lanka on 8 August last year. Although the LTTE claimed responsibility for the killings, because of doubts circulated within army and political circles, Mrs. Kobbekaduwa
had called for an i; mission of inquiry madasa wrote to h nominate the instit who could conduct si response she had ask wealth Commission, sions with the Attor Secretary to the Pre: Wijedasa, has now w monwealth Secreta Ariyoke requesting
the Commissioners.
O CANADIAN GRA grant is to fund the 60 Habeas Corpus a Court of Appeal by Centre of the Bar A 60 applicants would of some persons wh 'disappeared' during 1991. They are some al thousands of persi appeared' during th spect of which com received from relati Association.
O PROTEST AGAN MITS: Tamil MPS h tested to President Ph the granting of land I encroachers on state
lands in the Trincol eastern Sri Lanka. ‘A’ land question remai: issue before the Parl Committee, and its re ing, arbitrary and h sions on matters pel particularly in the contrary to the spirit
confidence-building.
"We are distressed encroachers on state temple lands in Tri are to be issued land encroachments regu identified for this pu tial areas in Uppuvel temple lands in par Thabalagamam. The encroachments, with benefiting a particul the detriment of anc able. This probler another dimension i sion is aimed at cha ratio or breaking t Tamil areas in the earnestly request yol this matter and to sions pertaining to t the President in thei andum'. O CIVILAN KILLIN fifty or so Tamil civ January when securi boats carrying pass Jaffna peninsula t across the Jaffna

15 FEBRUARY 1993
ternational com
President Preer asking her to ution or persons ch an inquiry. In ed fora Commonfollowing discusney General. The ident, Mr. K. H.-J. itten to the Comy General T.G. him to nominate
NT: A Canadian 2xpenses offiling pplications in the the Legal Aid ssociation. These pe filed on behalf ) had reportedly
1989, 1990 and
among the sever
ons who had ‘disese years in replaints had been ves by the Bar
ST LAND PERave jointly pro'emadasa against )ermits to alleged lands and temple malee district in t a time when the ns a contentious iamentary Select port is still pendasty policy decirtaining to land, North-East, goes of consensus and
over reports that lands as well as ncomalee district permits and their arised. The areas rpose are resideni and agricultural ts of Muttur and regularisation of the intention of ar community to ther is unaccept1 also assumes f the policy decinging the ethnic he contiguity of North-East. We r intervention in escind any deciis, the MPs told * protest memor
GS: Among the lians killed on 2 y forces attacked Ingers from the the mainland agoon at Kilali
point, there were many government employees including the District Medical Officer of Kilinochchi, Mr. N. Sathiyaseelan, and District Education Officer, Mr. A. Thiyagarajah. Tamil Members of Parliament belonging to the TULF and EPRLF have called upon President Premadasa to appoint a judicial commission of inquiry into the killings.
O ARRESTS IN TAMIL NADU: A news report datelined 9 January stated that seven persons, including one "Chandran” identified as a “bomb expert” with alleged connections with the LTTE had been arrested by the Tamil Nadu police. The police had been on the look out for Chandran in connection with several bomb explosions in Madras, and he was arrested when he was loitering near the Egmore City Railway Station.
O SEVEN POLICEMEN KLLED Seven policemen, including the officerin-charge, were killed in a LTTE attack on the Asikulam police station in the Vavuniya district on 13 January. In another incident on the same day, two LTTE cadres identified as Kavidas and Padman were killed by Special Task Force personnel at Vinayagapuram off Thirukovil in the Batticaloa district.
O DANISH DELEGATION: A delegation from Denmark visited Sri Lanka recently to assess the progress of the human rights situation in the island. When the Danish team visited eastern Sri Lanka, the Batticaloa Peace Committee urged the team to take appropriate steps to obtain information about 158 Tamils who had gone missing from the Refugee Camp at the Eastern University, and several others missing from the villages of Sithandy, Sasthurukondan, Saruppady, Urani etc. The Peace Committee submitted a list of 4368 persons who had 'disappeared' from the Batticaloa district.
O CMU URGES SETTLEMENT: The recently held 22nd delegates Conference of the Ceylon Mercantile Union, led by Bala Tampoe, has resolved that the ethnic conflict should be settled on the basis of the recognition of and respect for the democratic rights of the Tamil speaking people including their right to self-determination. The resolution adopted at the Conference also deplored that the LTTE had suppressed or eliminated by violence all other political parties and groups amongst the Tamil speaking people in the north-east, and by the LTTE's action, the people of these areas have been rendered incapable of exercising their democratic rights.

Page 25
15 FEBRUARY 1993
'SEEKING A SAFE HAVEN
The Sri Lanka Army, Navy and the Air Force, consisting mostly of Sinhalese are fighting a brutal war in the north and east of Sri Lanka, against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, consisting almost exclusively of young Tamils. The death toll on both sides is heavy and the defence bill this year is Rs. 18 billion.
For the 10 years of the war, the cost can be estimated at about 150 billion or 3 Mahaweli schemes or 5,000 garment factories. The crux of the problem is between the Sinhalese and the Tamils, as represented by their armed fighters. These hard, cold facts must be faced squarely and assessed correctly if we are to find a solution to the problem. Wishful, woolly thinking and assessments other than of stark reality will not lead to a solution.
I am an ordinary man from Jaffna, with most of my relatives living in Jaffna or abroad. I am very interested in a solution, because I happen to have known some of the Army and Navy officers who died in their prime and the parents of a few of the LTTE fighters who died in their youth.
What is the real core of the problem? Land, as W. Dahanayake told me in a wide ranging discussion during the days of the Thimpu talks. He said then that land was the real problem and the talks were likely to fail on that score. He was then past 80 and an ordinary MP, before his last stint as Cabinet Minister and his words proved to be very prophetic and wise.
What do the Tamils seek and why? My own memories go back to the first election of 1947 and the sad events from 1958 to 1983. In 1992, on the day after Generals Kobbekaduwa and Wimalaratne died, I asked my daughter working in Fort to get back home at half time and I too put half day's leave and went home. We waited anxiously that night and the following, fearing the worst, but fortunately there was no eruption, though the villagers of Mahilanthanai in Polonnaruwa were not so fortunate.
Man is an animal. If you threaten to kill an animal it will react in one of two basic ways of survival - flee or fight. Many Tamils have adopted fleeing as their method of survival and are now spread out all over the world; some have adopted the alternative of "fighting.
I will not burden you with my own
memories. But t
ing within all o! HAVEN where w safety and be
harmed. My wife sisters and their na. When the In in 1987, a shellf the mouth of the
and exploded, ca completely. Fortu had fled to a c previous day or
been buried alive
Now they writ even try to get in planes are super would have come, gone before they bunker. They h fatalistic and tru; children concerne years, 9 years anc and a boy. What el events will have o and their mental predict.
So, what do we of our land? Simpl where we can liv safety, in dignity a
Sri Lanka has accursed words wi their own since in Fifty', 'Parity of Only', 'Federalism Sinhala Buddhist and now Merger', these evil words : have prevented cle which we have pai
I have been a Greek tragedy as still unfolding. It w operated from old Sinhalese, from th invasion from Tam from more recent and destruction. independence, th tried to drive a La the Jaffna and B sometimes openly, titiously. Hence t Trinco then and W. now. For the con from their point of choose Trinco as North Eastern pro
We, the Tamils, the population of essentially, a wea allow us a CON HAVEN, whateve) Please do not talk How can /8th of t /4th of the land? I tive 'accursed phr what about the w
 

ere is a deep yearn
us to have a SAFE
: and ours can live in not threatened or
old mother and her hildren live in Jaff. ians stormed Jaffna ed by them fell into unker in their home using it to cave in hately, my relatives fferent village the hey would all have
2 that they do not o the bunker as the onic and the plane dropped its load and could get into the ive become totally t only in God. The i are 18 years, 12 7 years; three girls fect these traumatic n their personalities health is difficult to
really seek, leaders y, a SAFE HAVEN e without fear, in nd harmony.
been bedevilled by th an evil power of dependence. “FiftyStatus', 'Sinhala , 'Preservation of Culture”, “Eelam”, and "Demerger' are and phrases which ar thought and for l in blood.
observer of this it unfolded and is as always land. We tavistic fears. The ir historical fear of l Nadu, the Tamils ears of decimation rom the time of ! Sinhalese have nd wedge between tticaloa Tamils - sometimes surrephe colonisation of i Oya (Manal Aru) esponding reason few did the EPRLF he capital of the ince.
s
irm one in eight of i Lanka. We are,
minority. Please TIGUOUS SAFE ts size or location. pf proportionality. e people be given a dangerous emose”. In that case, er and the rivers
TAMIL TIMES 25
and the soil and the gems? And the industry and the infrastructure? If you think we have too much land, please carve out the excess from ONE END. But please give us one contiguous block of land. In the areas we live, the water tastes terrible. We have to water everything we plant for two years - no one day tree planting campaigns for us - the climate is hot and dusty and living is harsh. But we will struggle and survive. But please do not separate my Batticaloa brother from me. Is this too much to ask? Consensus has been reached by the UNP, the SLFP, the LSSP, the CP and the SLMC, say the newspapers.
I get a feeling of déjà vu. Are these not the same parties which achieved consensus on 'Sinhala Only' in the 1950s?
The Mangala Moonesinghe initiative has resulted in a still-birth. If the desire to weaken a small minority by cutting it up into two has not left the Sinhala parties and the Tamils want to leave Parliament as a result, where is the consensus?
I hope that national strategies will not be based on quislings. General Yitzhak Rabin, who led the Israeli Army to victory in the 1967 war is now prepared, as an elderly Prime Minister, to trade land for peace. Will our leaders be equally wise? Or will it take another thirty years of struggle, as in the case of the Sinhala Only consensus, to see reason?
I am now old enough to offer advice. Whether you are Sinhala or Tamil, if you want peace in the land and a solution to the problem we face, do not try to inflict a "total defeat on your brother who is now fighting you. If you defeat him, he will rise again another day. Peace will come when he and you both feel victorious. You, my sons, are you mature enough to understand what I say?
Wettivelu Thampu Chundikuli, Jaffna.
Continued from page 19
expressed concern over the presence of armed rebels in the camp.
There has been in recent weeks a battery of intervention by the Madhu church, government officials and the NGOs to persuade the rebels to respect the Madhu ORC as a neutral zone, but they seem to have met with little SUCCESS.
But Mr. Utkan hasn't given up hope that diplomacy and persuasion will win the day. But that in no way means that he will allow UNHCR's mandate of humanitarian assistance to be manipulated by any side. On that score he is very firm.

Page 26
26 TAMIL TIMES
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WEDDING BELS We congratulate the following couples on their recent wedding.
Kuhathas son of Mr. & Mrs. Subramaniam of 19 Edgeway Gate, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada and Sugunakumari daughter of Mrs. VE. Nageswary Ambal of3250 Keele Street, Apt. 311 Downsview, Toronto, Canada at 2723 St. Clair Ave. East on 23, 1.93.
Sivanantha son of the late Mr. Sangarapillai and Mrs. N. Sangarapillai of 7/31 Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, London SE19 and Brakashini daughter of Mr. & Mrs. S. K. Thuraisundaram of 99 Abbots Way, Remuera, Auckland, New Zealand at Shree Ganapathy Temple, Wimbledon, London SW19 on 23.193.
Gajenthiran son of Mr. & Mrs. M. Karthigesu of 2190 Weston Road, Apt. 307, Weston, Ontario, Canada and Debbie daughter of the late Mr. R. Hunt and Mrs. A. Hunt of 138 Kempton Road, East Ham, London E6 at Hare Krishna Hall, 243Avenue Road, Toronto, Canada on 29, 1.93.
Sritheran Son of Mr. & Mrs. Annamuuttu of Boroko, Papua New Guinea and Shivani daughter of Mr. & Mrs. R. Jegendran of 27 Marion Road, Torrensville, Adelaide, Australia at Harlequin Hall, 550 Marian Road, Adelaide, Australia on 7.2.93.
Jehanmohan son of Mr. & Mrs. M. Pathmanathan of 9/318 Canning Highway, Bicton Western Australia and Anusha daughter of Mr. & Mrs. K. Ganeshalingam of 10 Rosemary Drive, Redbridge, lford at Heathcote School Hall, Chingford, London E4.
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Mrs. Sugirthamalar Ma born 4.11.31, beloved (Retired irrigation Engin late Mr. Ratnam and
Ratnam; loving mother
Dr. Gowry Aumbagaw (Canada); mother-in-law mbagawan and Krishan Thillainadesan, Sambasi san (UK), Mahadevan, and indranee Jeyapathy and funeral took place in The members of the fan and friends who sent me flowers and generally h arrangements. An abise was performed to Lord S Murugan Temple on 29. of her passing away - Capthorn Avenue, Ray Middx. Tel 081-868 7O6
Kammany Rajaratnam Lanka, wife of the lat mother of Natkunam, S nan; mother-in-law of and Uma passed a Wednesday, 20.1.93 in frew Road, Hounslow, O81-5709152.
Mr. Seenithamby Na cipal), beloved husban brother of Seenithal (Former Director of A father of Dr. Niranjan jayaraghavan, Sanjee Mythilie (Sri Lanka); Kantha, Balasubrama
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

15 FEBRUARY 1993
RIES Kisha and Sivasubramanian; grandfather of Niruba, Gajan, Seetha, Sheila, Luxsha, Anujan, Ajanthan, Ramya and Sivasujan passed away peacefully on 6.1.93 and was cremated at Batticaloa, Sri Lanka on 7.1.93. He will be sadly missed and fondly remembered by his beloved wife, Children, relatives and friends.
We thank all for their messages of synpathy and support during the period of griefDr. & Mrs. Niranjan, 12 Grosvenor Gardens, Oakwood, London U.K.
Ivaganam (Pathma) ife of Maivaganam er); daughter of the Mrs. Sivayogamalar pf Sivakumar (U.K.), in and Prenkunnar of Pamini, Dr. Auhi; Sister of the late vam, Dr. Paramatha
Vimalendran (U.K.) R కళ్ల్యుణ్ణిణి expired on 30.1292 Mr. Suthaharan Mahadevan (27), beloved | Colombo on 3, 1.93. son of Mr. S. Mahadevan, formerly of Hong ily thank all relatives Kong & Shanghai Bank, Colombo and Mrs. ssages of sympathy, Vimala Mahadevan, formerly of Ceylon Insurelped in the funeral ance Corporation, brother of Dr. Muralitharan, gam in her memory Mr. Bahirathan, Mr. Giritharan and Miss SivaShiva at the Highgate hamy Mahadevan (all of New Zealand) pas
1.93 on the 31st day sed away under tragic circumstances in the - M. Sivakunnar, 91 USA on 23rd December 1992. Sutha is sadly ners Lane, Harrow, missed by a his relatives and friends. He was 4. an old boy of Colombo Hindu College - 88
of Urumpirai, Sri Brodrick Road, Johnsonville, Wellington 4, 2 M. V. Rajaratnam, New Zealand.
atkunam and NitkuAnnalakshni, Malini vay peacefully on Australia - 54 Ren
Middx. TMV4. Te:
Mr. Santhirawar Sithamparappilai (Ponniah Master), former Teacher and Principal of Arunodaya College, Alaveddy, Sri Lanka; beloved husband of the late Rajaluxmi; father of Thilagawathy (Australia), Mangayatkarasi, Mangaleswary, Susi (UK), and Umapathisi:::xX-X^:Ş,ş828ას:::::::x:2;xxxx van (U.K.) and father-in-law of the late P.W. arajah (Retired Prin- Nadarajah, A. Kanthiah, the late Dr. Sivaof Selvapooshanam, pathasundaran, T. Sabaratnan and by Arumugavadivel Susithara passed away in Jaffna on 4.293 ilt Education); loving and the funeral took place on 6.2,93. RelaRajani, Ramani, Vi- tions and friends, please accept this informaan (all of U.K.) and tion - S. Umapathisivam, 33 Boxtree Lane, father-in-law of Dr. Harrow Weald, Middx. HA36JP. Tel: 081-421 iam, Govindasamy, 3626, T. Sabaratnar Tel: O81-2045062.

Page 27
15 FEBRUARY 1993
Mrs. Ganeswary Tharmalingam, daughter of the late Mr. Thambidurai and the late Mrs. Theivanaipillai Thambidurai of Kondavil East; beloved wife of Mr. Kandiah Tharmalingam (Retired inspector of School Works); loving mother of Brabalini Linganandhan, Bremjit (both of U.K.) and Ranjit (Canada); beloved mother-in-law of Dr. W. N. Linganandhan and Dr. (Mrs.) Vani Bremjit and Mrs. Sharmini Ranjit and grandmother of Abirami, Sathya, Praneetha, Prasheetha, Prashoban, Praveena and Anjana expired on 21.1.93. Funeral took place on 26.1.93 at Chelmsford Crematorium. She is very much missed by her loved ones, relatives and friends who are mourning and praying for her soul to rest in peace. - 94 Petunia Crescent, Chelmsford, ESSex CAM † 5YFR. Tel: 0245 466363.
Dr. Bala Rajaratnam, formerly of Trinco Clinic, Trincomalee, and Medical Officer, Transkei, beloved husband of Sushiladevi (Dental Surgeon) and loving father of Mayuran, Balaganapathy and Kanchukan, son of the late Mrs. and Mr. Rajaratnam of Chundikuli; son-in-law of Mrs. Kanapathipillai and the late Mr. Kanapathipillai of Pulolyand brother of Dr. Pushpa Sivanandan, Dr. Selvam Thavasothy, Dr. Rajagopal Rajaratnam, Dr. Krishnaratnam (Kitta) Rajaratnam, Mrs. Sundari Annamalai, Mrs. Mano Sri Kantha, Mr. Renganathan and Mrs. Krishna Selvalingam expired in Transkei on 31. 1.93. Cremation - Transkei on 4.293. - P. O.Box 109, Umtata — 500, Transkei, South Africa.
IN MEMORAM
On the first anniversary of the passing away of Miss Kanagammah Saravanamuttu, former Principal and linspectress of Schools, fondly remembered and sadly missed by brother Dr. Thanabalasingam, sister Mrs. Jegasothy Navaratnarajah and all nieces and nephews.
A poojah was performed in her memory on Monday, 8th February 1993 at Highgate Murugan Temple - Nalayini Kuganathan, 28 Element Close, Pinner, Middx. HA51 ER. Tel: 08-866 3363.
Mr. Kailasapillai Kanda ty Principal, Jaffna Cen
Born: 2O.05.1931
To love and then to ls the greatest Sorro The tears in our live But the pain in our h Will always stay, It's the emptiness wi That never goes awe Love and miss you in Sadly missed and lovii your wife Manonimani, cl Vijaishankar, Mythili, T Kousica - 68 Bury Road E62BH Tel 081-55227
in loving memory of Mr. ( on the first anniversary on 9th March 1992.
Sadly missed and for his two sons. - 15 Wolse Surrey, KT9 1XQ.
Tribute to The Late
Miss Margaret Dore first from Cardiff, as a Missio) tySeven years of selfless the community there, end had the good fortune tic educational sphere, she of Vembadi High Schoolf
 
 
 
 
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 27
samy, former Depual College. est: 02.03.1992.
)at
y of One's heart We wipe away,
2arts Dad,
hout you,
y Ore each day.
gly remembered by Pildren Jeyashankar, hayalashankar and
East Ham, London O6.
heliah Sivasampu Df his passing away
dly remembered by / Way, Chessington,
Miss M.P. Dore
went to Sri Lanka ary, in 1933; twennd loving service to ared her to all who know her. In the as Acting Principal six years, Head of
the Puttur Centre for the Training of Deaconesses and one of the organizers of the Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, in Colombo. She accredited herself well in all these positions. She was a great evangelist and an inspiring preacher both in Tamil and in English - one who practised what she preached.
She maintained a lively interest in all that happened in Jaffna, and shared in the hurts and joys of the land which she loved so much. Many of us - Sri Lankan families - had the privilege of enjoying her fellowship and friendship for many years in the U.K. it is "interest and wonder that keeps one young'. Margaret Dore continued to be interested, with awesome wonder, in God's world and the work of human relationship everywhere.
She passed to Greater Glory at the age of eightyfour, after a period of terminal illness; her funeral took place on the 3rd of November at the Wesley Methodist Church, High Wycombe. It was a beautiful service of gratitude for the life and work of a woman who had endeared herself not only to the people of Jaffna but also to many others in all walks of life in the U.K. The Minister, who paid tribute to her life as he had seen it in her latter years, expressed great admiration for her courage, Cheerfulness and Concern for others; the Virtues she exhibited, he said, were those associated with the 'Fruits of the Spirit" as taught by the Apostle Paul. The Old Girls of Vembadi High School laid a beautiful wreath, decorated with the School Colours, as a tribute to her dedicated work at the school. Among the mourners at the service were some Sri Lankans, who were closely associated with her.
Cheerful and trusting in the Lord, Margaret Dore stayed tremendously young at eightyfour. When she died she left behind to all she knew, a legacy - "Faith in God and dedicated love."
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
Mar. 19 St. Joseph's Day. Mar. 20 Sani Prathosham. Mar. 22 Ammavasai.
Mar. 27 Chathuirthi. Mar. 27 10.00am Careers Convention organised by London Tamil Academy at Wembley High School Hall, East Lane, Wembley, Middx. Admission Free. Tel: 081-904 3937.
At the Bhavan Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London W14 9HQ. Tel: 071 381 308.6/4608. March 12 7.30pm Lecture by Justice E.S. Venkataramaiah, Chief Justice of India, on 'Secularism for India is a national imperative'. Mar. 135.30pm Mahabharata Lecture by Shri Mathoor Krishnamurthi. Mar. 13 7.00pm North Indian Classical Flute Concert by Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia. Mar. 14 6.30pm Bharata Natyam recital by Vena Gheerawo. Mar. 20 7.00pm Kathak by Sushmitrira Ghosh. Mar. 27.5.30pm Mahabharata Lecture by Shri Mathoor Krishnamurfhi. Mar. 27 6.00pm Natha Vidyalaya presents Annual Evening of Violin and Bharath Natyan Recitals at Gayton High School for Boys, Gayton Road, Harrow, Middx. Tel: 081-964 5868.

Page 28
28 TAMIL TIMES
Seminar on Combating Racism in Canada
The Senior Tamils' Centre of Ontario Conducted a seminar on Combating Racism on 24th October 1992 at the Oriole C. R. C. Don Mills, Toronto. The Chief Guest was Ms. Elinor Caplan MPP for Oriole who is seen above addressing the gathering. Mr. Aloy Ratnasingam, President of the centre in his opening address referred to recent unhappy trends in Canada where the black and other visible minorities were facing discrimination. He said that the pace of Government action to stem the unhappy trend was slow,
The Chief Guest in her speech said that strife was due to age old prejudices of colour, religion and race and that it was better today than at the time of her grandparents. She concluded that the ultimate tool to change behaviour was education.
Yarl Seelan Produces C.D.
On 16.12.92 Optimus Management Consulfants launched Yarł T. Seelan's "Life in a Day' in a compact disc format at Campus West Leisure Complex, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. 'Life in a Day' consists of 10 pieces of music depicting the life style in rural villages starting from Herald of Dawn' to "Dance of Dusk'. Each piece is an inspiring progression of daily life with a musical painting of moods such as melancholy and ecstasy. All compositions on this C.D. owe their origin to the ancient folk music of India, China & Sri Lanka. This is the first time when computer controlled Music instrument interface (MIDI) system is used for the whole orchestration in Asian folk melodies. The flavour of the music is not only Smooth but also resembles the Sounds of the natural environment.
For Seelan, this launch is the culmination of his two-and-a-half years of hard work in bringing his musical and technological talents together, His fame as an instrumentalist has been associated with the hawaiian Guitar and Veena. He has now produced computer aided music without using any instrument,
The Compact Disc - "Life in a Day' is available from Optimus Management Consultants, 25 Oxford Avenue, St. Albans, Herts. AL1 5NS. Tel: 0727 846595at £899 plus postage & packing.
Bharata Natyam Contest 1993
The New York Tamil Sangam is sponsoring a Bharata Natyam Contest planned to be held in New Dorp High School Auditorium, Staten island, New York on Saturday, 18th September 1993 at 4.00pm. The best dancer in the contest will receive the Balasaraswati Award for Excellence in Dance of $1000 and a plaque. The first runner-up will receive $500 and the second runner-up $300. Other finalists too, will receive attractive awards/ prizes.
The contest is open only to girls/young
ladies befween 16 and 2 18th September 1993, res must have completed Arangetram or Calankai only non-professionals are tions are to be in Tamil a professionally recorded tion from beginning of m least six minutes and n minutes and 30 seconds.
Those interested pleas Kabaliswaran, Director N test, 1379 Thomas Aven wick, NJ 08902, USA, or f 0586 (giving your comple quest an application pac already has an application a photo copy and use it. application.
Prakash Yada Dance Ba
Prakash Yadagudde ane
Prakash Yadagudde of th fours during March and Apr his first dance ballet based ary theme produced in this first work for which he ha funding - from the Arts London Arts Board,
Prakash is one of Britain Indian dancers. He trained under U.S. Krishna Rao a anda at Bangalore Univers duating went on to study ch Maya Rao at the Nat Choreography in Delhi. Pr. tensively with Maya Rao's tre troupe before coming to at the Bhavan Centre. He h ing regularly in the UK an past eight years.
Kumari Nina, the young dancer who has often part recent years, takes the lea and five young artists from th also feature in the productic
Fast moving and colourfu in present day India and phases in the life of Anan whose aspiration is to be Humour, and the exuberanc the disillusionment that na spirit. Music has been speci top indian music director T.
Preview at the Bhavan
 
 
 

15 FEBRUARY 1993
years of age on ting outside India; harata Natyam ujai or equivalent, eligible, composid danced Solo to ped music, duraSic to its end at it to exceed 10
contact: Mr. R. YTS Dance ConIe, North Brunsx/phone. 908 940 e address) to reset If your guru orm, please make here is no fee for
gudde in |llet
Kumari nina
e Bhavan Centre, I with "The Face', on a contemporcountry, and the S received public Council and the
's finest Classical 'n Bharatanatyam nd Vijaya Marthty, and after graoreography under ya Institute of akash toured exvatya Ballet Cen
London to teach as been performd Europe for the
award winning ered Prakash in ding female role, e Bhavan Centre [ገ.
the balef is Set depicts different d, a young man come a dancer. of dance, offset arly breaks his illy composed by '. Gopalkrishnan,
Centre on 27th
February at 7.00pm, with the premier in the Spring Loaded season at The Place Theatre on 11th March at 8.00pm.
M.I.O.T. Holds Benefit Performance
The South East London and Kent branch of the Medical Institute of Tamils (MIOT) staged an IZAl VIZHA at Kelsey Park School, Manor Way in Beckenham on 30th of January, to collect funds which are urgently needed to supply essential vaccines and surgical materials to the Jaffna Hospital in Sri Lanka.
Mr. V. Rajayogeswaran a senior oral surgeon attached to Guy's Hospital, who is the chairman of the local MIOT branch, welcomed the guests. He outlined the necessity of this organisation and the service rendered by it to provide valuable funds to the unfortunate victims of the war torn areas of Sri Lanka.
The curtain raised with an excellent performance of Bharatha Natya recital by Selvi Edith Thussara Joseph. This was followed by a Percussion Ensemble, provided by Sri Kothandapanion the violin, accompanied by Srimathi Malini Thanapalasingam on the veena. Sri Somasundera Thesigar on the Miruthangam, Sri Muthu Sivarajah on the Ganjira, Sri Bangalore Pirakash on the Ghalam and Sri Sithambaranathan on the MorSing. Dr. S. Pasupathyrajah the Patron of the association in a short message pointed out the immense help rendered by the organisation since its inauguration about three years ago. Cash donations to the tune of over three thousand pounds have been channelled across to the Jaffna University campus, Jaff. na Hospital, Madhu refugee camps and funds made available through the Bishop of Batticaloa to treat the needy. In addition, surgical equipment such as a Resectoscope, hot air ovens, Coulter counters, teaching aids, medical journals and books have also been sent to Sri Lanka. Training courses for Sri Lankan qualified doctors taking PLAB examinations in the U.K. were made available on a regular basis by MIOT. An 85% success rate was obtained by MIOT coached doctors, Dr, Pasupathyrajah added that the future projects of the organisation will be to establish a health resources Centre to assess health needs of U.K. Tamil population and to implement their requests. The final item on the agenda was a vocal recital by Sri. M. Yogeswaran who was accompanied on the violin by Sri. B.K. Chandrashekhar, Miruthangam by Sri. Bhavani Shankar and Morsing by Sri A. Srinivasan. A request by the enthralled audience led to Sri. Yogeswaran continuing his musical accolade until midnight. A vote of thanks was proposed by the secretary of the association, Dr. N. Ratnarajan. The evening's entertainment was compered by Dr. W. T. Maheswaran.
Dr. K.C. Rajasingham.
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Page 29
15 FEBRUARY 1993
Closing date for completed grid and coupon to be received is
3 March 1993.
Answers and the name of the winner - first all correct entry pulled out of a bag - will be announced in the April 1993
issue.
The winner will receive a prize of £1000 sterling. All entries should be sent to: Tamil Times, P.O. Box 121,
Sutton, Surrey SM1 3TD, UK.
Across. 1. Stories related to former lives of the Buddha (6,5) 10. Pasyala's juicy favourites on the Colombo-Kandy Road (6) 11. A small species of Sri Lankan deer (3) 13. Soft hair of certain animals (3) 14. Along with Nehru, Nasser and Tito, the African pioneer of the Non-Aligned Movement (6)
褐 Leafy part of the coconut palm
18. "A name call myself' . . . Sound of Music (2) 19. A royal pronoun in formal proclamations (2)
徽 Chemical symbol for sodium
21. An affirmative vote (3) 23. Milk prepared for long keeping, abb. (3)
24. The first man! (4)
The Wise Men from the East 4) 28. The measure of acidity in a solution (2)
29. Legal successor to a throne (4) 31. Southeast Asian capital city (6) 32. An idle talker (6) 34. Small mountain (2) 35. Prefixed to "drew', one of the twelve Apostles (2) 36. Held suspended or supported (6)
37. Touch at one side (4) 39. Insect passing through a passive state of development (6) 40. Snow vehicle (4) 41. Prefixed to "ange', a juicy delicacy (2)
42. Cleopatra's poisonous aid in her suicide bid (3) 44. Prepare manuscripts for publication (4) 46. Principal island of a Western Indian Ocean state (4)
47. The faculty that discriminates sound (3) 48. Mount Lavinia's famed School, abb. (3)
s
Down: 1. Sri Lankan city named after a blind singer (6) 2. Sacred city of the Bo Tree (12) 3. Root food source in the Pacific islands (4)
Wh 'ion', it's a negative charge
5. Sri Lanka's splendid hill capital
5
6. Request (3) 7. The Kataragama Deity (8) 8. A major division of geological time (3) 9. "A needle pulling thread' . . . Sound of Music (2) 12. The heavy worker in Thailand, Burma, India and Sri Lanka is often a sacred temple mascot (8) 15. Buddhism's most sacred city in Sri Lanka (9)
17. Windhoek is the capital of this African state (7) . 22. Printer's measure (2) 25. Greek story teller of moral animal fables (5) 27. Before noon (2) 28. A round of applause (7)
Over 5,000 Fundamental Rights
From 1990
Over 50,000 fundamental rights petitions were received by the Chief Justice during the last three years from persons held under emergency regulations at several detention centres in various parts of the country.
The Deputy Registrar of the Supreme Court, M.A. Cyril said petitions were being received almost everyday, the majority of them were from detainees at the Boosa, Pelawatta, Pallekelle, Weerawila and Kalutara detention camps.
A record 3225 petitions were received in 1991, 1415 in 1990 and over a thousand petitions for this year. In comparison, the number of fundamental rights petitions received between 1985 and 1989 was 389.
Beginning in 1990, with the sudden upsurge in the number of petitions received from detainees the Supreme Court referred all the petitions to the Bar Association of Sri Lanka (BASL),
which has insti Supreme Court o the detainees.
The Secretary Jayasuriya, said
Continued from p
conception of ecc demands a state these structures tice for the prese tions. It deman non-market and ity institutions
that are so vita transactions an but to environ and cultural adv
Liberalism has
| sumer sovereign
reality it has bee

TAM TIMES 29
QUIZ CROSSWORDS - No. 24. Compiled by: Richards
12
町3
30. Member of the sect that believes blacks are the chosen peo
ple (5) 33. Web-footed birds (5) 38. Garden plots (4)
39. British immigrant Down Under
3)
43. Father affectionately (2) 45. Urban organisation responsible for civic functions, abb. (2)
Quiz Crosswords - 22: Solutions.
Across: 1. Private gains. 10. An 11. Mill. 12. No. 13. TNT. 14. Eelanadu. 17. NR. 18. Repet. 19. Broad Sheets. 23. Lo, 24. We. 26. Observer. 30. Amp. 32. OA. 34, İE, 35. Daily News. 39, RA, 40. Sun, 41. Be. 42. lrk. 43. Teats. 46, Eros, 47. Morning Star. Down: 1. Ran. 3. Intro. 4. Amender. 5. Tiers. 6. Ell. 7. Glare, 8. Inapt. 9, Nodes. 13. Tabloids. 15. Need. 16. UL 20. Rob. 21. Awe. 22. Hoe. 25. Speaks. 27. Shiner. 28. Van. 29. Rowe.31. Mirror. 33. AS.36. Auto. 37. Yeti. 38. EB. 42. IRA. 44. An. 45. SIN. 46. ET. Winner: Dr. D.J.N. Selvadurai, 8 Cheam Mansions, Station Way, Cheam,
Surrey SM3 8SA.
Petitions
(uted action in the n behalf of several of
of the BASL, Upul 645 cases were filed
nge 11
nomic efficiency. PD :apable of reforming to ensure social just and future generathe recognition of non-statal communnd social networks not only to market economic security ental management ncement as well. been promising confor ages while in denied to the people
in the Supreme Court during the course of this year, and that papers in respect of 3015 cases were being processed and would be filed in court shortly.
Of the 2475 cases disposed of before the Supreme Court, compensation had been awarded in 83 cases amounting to Rs. 533,000.
by the workings of actually existing capitalism. In a PD, people demand consumer sovereignty and strive to exercise it by challenging the machinations of big firms, and by exposing the secrets of price fixing by the so-called price-makers, through consumer movements. While federalism is capable of providing a multiethnic framework, it has to be combined with people's democracy to construct a socially just, truly participatory and dynamic political economic order. Hopefully, the debate has begun and the ideas put forward here and in the last issue of Tamil Times are relevant to it.

Page 30
30 TAMILTIMES
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