Page 1
Wol XI Nr.3. ISSN 255-488 5 MAF
Focus Again Til SSS Human Rights Record
LSSP on Contiguous Lamil Territory
Lami-MUSin Conic
Plight of People Crossing Jaffna Lagoon
 

"I do not agree with a word of what you say, but I defend to the death your right to say it."
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Tigers Ready to Consider a Federal Scheme Says LELeader Prabhakaran

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稽 MARCH 1993
CONTENTS
Editorial - Guardians or Gravediggers. .3 LTTE Leader On Federalism. . . . . . . . . . 4 S
ISSN Plight of Those Crossing Jaffna Lagoon.6 - ANNUALS LSSP on North-East Merger. . . . . . . . . . 7 UKMndia/Sri Lan
Australia. . . Focus on Sri Lanka's Human countri Rights Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Put Tamil-Muslim Conflict. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TANM
P.O. Tamil Problem — Solution Overdue. . . . 14 suTTON, St 'ews expressed by contributors are not necessarily Y UNTE those of the editor or the publishers. Phone:
苓
PRIESTLY GUARDAN
Recently the Lanka Sama Samaja Party declared its position on the ethnic question and its leader and General Secretary stated: "If it is impossible to accept that contiguous territory inhabited by a majority of Tamil speaking people should constitute a unit for the devolution of regional power, it must be regarded that no possibility exists of peaceful negotiation of a solution to the SinhalaTamil problem in the country. There would then be no alternative but to seek to impose a solution by one side on the other through the gathering of superior military force.
: Ten years of searching for such a solution has today
served to demonstrate its complete absurdity....The
Government of Sri Lanka must, therefore, be compelled to realise that it has an obligation to confront Sinhala chauvinism in order to serve the country's true interests. The right to a contiguous Tamil territory as a unit of power-devolution is both a right demand, an irresistible demand and a demand that serves also the true interests of the people of the whole of Sri Lanka. There is no alternative to it.'
Following the LSSP statement, a concerted campaign for the demerger or delinking of the Northeast Province seems to be under way in Sri Lanka. Spearheading this campaign are the same old dark forces of Sinhala Chauvinism which appear to have regrouped themselves and gathered strength in the recent past. These forces are being actively assisted in their diabolical endeavour by the two major groups of newspapers, the Lake House and island groups. The State-owned "The Sunday Observer' (14 March) published several articles, covering a fullpage, under the heading "Hot Opposition to LSSP's N-E Merger Proposal". Four of the articles are from leading members of the Buddhist clergy including the Mahanayakes of the Malwatte and Asgiriya Chapters. There is another one from the archetypal Sinhala-Buddhist chauvinist and Jathika Chithanaya Guru, Dr. Gunadasa Amarasekera.
The two Mahanayakes have sent letters to the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, Mrs. Sirima Bandaranaike, discouraging her from associating her party with the LSSP in an opposition front formed to fight the forthcoming elections. Ven. Rambukwelle Vipassi, Mahanayake of the Malwatte Chapter in his letter has stated: "Decisions adverse to the nation and damaging to the unitary form of the country should not be taken. You are well aware that the majority of this country is not in favour of a self-rule under a merged North and East. "And the Mahanayake of the Asgiriya Chapter, Ven. Chanandananda, has also in a letter to Mrs. Bandaranaike said: "You should not change the stand of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party against the merger of the North and the East. I have heard from newspaper reports that your party is to work with a group
 

TAML TIMES 3
CONTENTS
Tamil Journalist Attacked. . . . . . . . . . . 15 Memorandum to Human Rights 266-4488 Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 JBSCRIPTION a... 10/US$20 'Hindutva' & Reign of Terror. . . . . . . . . 21 § Indian Intervention in Sri Lanka. . . . . . . 22 is , . E15/USS30 shed by News Roundup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 "MES LT) Classified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3OX 121 RREY SM 3TO CrossWord. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 KNGOOM
The publishers assume no responsibility for return of
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S
OR GRAWE DIGGERS
which Considers North and East as the homeland of Tanni people and join these two areas as a solution to the existing crisis. I would like to remind you kindly that decisions harmful to the nation and the unitary character of the country should not be taken at any cost. . .and this country should be ruled under a unitary form of government. "
One wonders as to why these two elevated prelates, who are expected to make spiritual effort for their own liberation from wordly concerns and seek to attain Nibbana, should worry about the form of government under which the country is ruled. is it that they and the rest of the Buddhists in Sri Lanka will in any way be prohibited from attaining Nibbana under a federal system of government or in the event the Northeast remain merged? The Buddha does not appear to have prescribed the sanctity of a unitary form of government as a precondition for attaining spiritual salvation.
These priests and their like should realise that the root cause of the present crisis and conflict is that the rulers and politicians of the country listened to and acted upon their views and demands to deprive the citizenship and franchise and language rights of a section of the people and give preferential treatment to the majority SinhalaBuddhists to the detriment of the minorities. They abused their power and influence by foisting upon the politicians, governments and the country, policies and practices which did not conform to the fundamental principles of democracy, justice, equality and non-discrimination. And it is their bigotry and implacable opposition to any reasonable negotiated political solution acceptable to the minority population that has made it impossible for the governments of the country to bring an end to the conflict and crisis that beset the country today. To that extent, it is they who should take the primary responsibility for the death and maiming of tens of thousands of people and the disruption of the lives and displacement of hundreds of thousands of people from among all communities. Although they parade as the guardians of the nation, they have in fact been its gravediggers.
The question is whether these prelates want the present war which is bleeding the country and its people to continue, or whether they have a solution to bringing an end to the present war and the death and destruction it entails, and to usher in the much desired peace and harmony among the people. If they do have such a solution, let them come out with it and help in the solution of the problems for which they themselves have been the main cause. If they do not, let them step aside, mind their own spiritual tasks, and let the others try to solve the problem without their disruptive interference.

Page 4
4 TAMIL TIMES
Tigers Ready to Col a Federal Schen Says LTTE Leader Prabh
In one of his rare interviews with a foreign journalist, the l commander of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, Velup said: "if a federal scheme that recognises the territorial in homeland is put forward, we are ready to consider it. There federal system of government with varying degrees of de are prepared to consider a federal system which prov autonomous powers that fulfils the political aspirations of
The interview was with Mrs. Anandhi Sooriyapragasam o of the B.B.C. which was broadcast over the Tanil Service (
Service on 2 March.
The following is an English translation of the Tamil versi as published in the LTTE's weekly "KALATHTHIL' publishe
Q: How will you assess the present military-political situation?
A: There is nothing specific I can say about the present military-political situation. As far as the political atmosphere is concerned, as usual a gloomy situation prevails. There is no sign of any effort being made to peacefully solve the Tamil problem. In this connection, there have been no fresh initiatives. The government appears to place a newly found confidence in the anticipated final report of the Parliamentary Select Committee. However, the Tamil people do not believe that the Parliamentary Select Committee would put forward a just reasonable solution to our problem. That is because the main Sinhala parties that are represented in the PSC are not ready to accept any of the fundamental demands of the Tamils. It has to be said that there has been absolutely no change in approach of the Sri Lankan government.
Q: During my visit to Jaffna, I saw with my own eyes the indescribable sufferings experienced by the people because of the economic blockade imposed on Jaffna. When will the war that is dragging on and the sufferings of the people come to an end?
A: The continuation of the war, the ending of the war and finding a peaceful solution - all these depend only on the decision of the government. It is the government that started the war and is prolonging the war. It is the government that believes in a military solution to the Tamil problem. In spite of the fact that we have on several occasions requested that the war be brought to an end and that the problem be solved in a peaceful way, the government appears to have turned a deaf ear. On the contrary, the government is engaged in intensifying the
war and escalat pressure upon the
directed at the Tal aim of Sinhala cha the Tamil people b. tion and sufferin breaking their det weakening their f western countries a assistance to this e with the help of lo west that the goc tinuing the war. If assistance given in and weapons, the continue the war. T phere conducive to ated.
Q: The number of is 80,000. Your str at 10,000 fighters situation, are you
will emerge victori
A: The strength power does not un in a war. The tes provided by the l liberation in the superpowers with and military mig Vietnam and Afg able determinatio) vour for liberation qualities for achi fighters and our p qualities in full me
Q: it is reported t military have acq ern weapons. Are withstand these W
A: From time to forces have introdu weapons. The gov believe that it can introducing moder thought so when Sia Marchetti pla

15 MARCH 1993
nsider
e
akaran
ader and supreme pillai Prabhakaran agrity of the Tamil are many forms of olved powers. We des for Sufficient the Tamil people.'
the Taniil Service f the BBC's World
on of the interview d from London.
ng the economic
people. This war is mil people. It is the uvinists to enslave y inflicting destrucg upon them, by ermination and by ighting spirit. The tre indirectly giving thnocidal war. It is ans granted by the vernment is conthe west stops the the form of money government cannot hen only an atmos
peace will be cre
overnment troops ength is estimated . In this unequal confident that you ous in this war? If weapons or mandermine the victor timony for this is istory of wars of Torld. Did not the massive manpower it face defeats in anistan? Unshak, valour and ferre the determining ving victory. Our ople possess these SUe.
at the Sri Lankan ired several modou in a position to apons? time, the Sinhala ed several modern rnment seems to achieve victory by weaponry. They ey purchased the 's and later some
tanks. Even now they are buying hordes of new weapons. But weapons do not determine victory. A people in revolt cannot be destroyed by weapons.
Q: From where do you obtain your weapons?
A: Weapons are forced out from the enemy-forces. We fight the enemy with the weapons taken from the enemy. For example, in this war we captured a large quantity of weapons from the enemy last year. During last year, we captured a large quantity of weapons from the Sri Lankan military including 1172 automatic rifles, 106 light machineguns, four 50 calibre heavy machineguns, 23 anti-tank weapons, 25 rocket launchers, 1622 rockets, 30 communications instruments, 700,000 rounds of ammunition.
Q: When journeyed to Jaffna, had to travel through the Kilaly lagoon with great danger to my life. Because the use of this route has been prohibited by the security forces, the plight of the people has become worse due to their inability to travel to and from Jaffna. If the Tigers and the government were to come to an agreement on this issue, people can travel without fear. What is your stand on the UNHCR's efforts to open up the Sangupiddy-Kerativu ferry route?
A: It is also our stand that the Sangupiddy-Kerativu route should be opened for travel. People must be able to freely use this route without any harassment from the security forces. In order to achieve this, there should be no military posts or checkpoints, and we insisted that the army should move a little distance away from this route, but the army was not prepared to agree to this proposal. The army wants everyone who travels through this route to be subjected to their checking. But this would result in danger to the people, and in particular to our supporters and sympathisers. Because of the stubbornness of the army on this issue, the UNHCR's
efforts have proved a failure. That is
why we have suggested that at least the prohibition imposed on the Kilaly lagoon should be removed. Surely, it should be possible for the UNHCR to bring pressure on the Sri Lankan government to remove the prohibition on humanitarian grounds.
Q: it is believed that the Parliamentary Select Committee appointed to find ways and means to solve the Tamil problem is to put forward a federal scheme on a provincial basis, that is to treat the northern and

Page 5
15 MARCH 993
eastern provinces as two separate units. Will you accept such a federal proposal?
A: Even the Colombo-based progovernment Tamil groups have exPressed their strong opposition to this sederal scheme on a provincial basis, How can We, therefore accept such a proposal which dismembers our Tamil homeland? Q: Now, suppose if a federal scheme encompassing the northern and eastern provinces as a merged single unit is put forward, will you accept such a SCHEITB
A: If a federal scheme that recognises the territorial integrity of the Tamil homeland is put forward, we are ready to consider it. There are many forms of federal systems of government with varying degrees of powers that are devolved. We are prepared to Consider a federal system which provides for suficient autonomous polyers that fulfils the political aspirations of the Tamil people,
Q: What is your stand in regard to the Muslim people?
A: We have to approach their problem on the basis that the Muslim people are an ethnic group possessing their own cultural identity. We are of the view that, while the identity and land rights of the Muslim people are preserved, it is by living together with the Tamil people that their social, political and economic life will be enhanced. Sinhala chauvinists and selfish Mus. lim politicians are attempting to pro InCote differences and en mity between the Tamil and Muslim people. The Muslim people should not fall victims of such conspiracies, Q: Muslims are also people of Jaffna. Then why did you expel them from
af?
A: In the Amparai district, communal riots broke out in 1990 in which a considerable number of Tamils were killed, and following this there was the danger of riots breaking out in Jaffna also. In those circumstances, in the interest of the security of the Muslim people, we requested them to temporarily leave Jaffna. But once the war ends and a peaceful atmosphere prevails, we will permit them to settle again in Jaffna. Q: You oppose the settling of Sinhalese people in the northern and eastern provinces. The Tamil people hawe the right to go and settle in any part of the country. Don't you think the Sinhalese people also have the same right? A: We are not opposed to the Sinhalese people settling in the Tamil areas. We are opposed only to the planned colOnisation settlements in Tamil areas.
Tamil people are be Ta Thill willages, a Sinhalese colonisal These colonisation
taken with the in and dismembering land, and it is thes Lion Schermes that Q: What is your wis govегпment's pre taken against the
A: It is because exaggerated fear : beration struggle t ing a L.) Ligh approa is apprehensive struggle will instig Tamil Nadu, and ac all force for national During the last ter gOWerriment hass, ir terfered with an struggle in view a. and exaggerated fe: to destroy our me taking forward the of the Tamils. The has misunderstoo StrLiggle against ger been gravely affec actions it is engaged of OLIT people havg Encouraged by APPTI)ach, the Sinha been mercilessly int cide of our people,
Q: Are the speculat differences of opi ТПgers and reпоval Certain leaders true
A: They are not tr diferences of opini Tnent, Certain cha brought about in , Responsibilities of ce
in th
Оп 23 April 1990 jesuriya, a father heard that he was the police. He did no for the police interes knowing what to : hØILL CIf a Provincia LO whom hE: expre apprehension about Welcine interest showing. He thereal At about 2.30pm question, a group wearing civilian dre: went to Mr. Wijesu told him that he w Without knowing w Wijeshuriya inquired àStO who hE was heil nu further provocal officer8 jabbed his LE weer which resulted il
teeth being instantly

Ing driven Out from d in their place con is taking place. chemes are underention of splitting the Tamil home! types of colonisa"e oppo8е. W about the Indian ent tough actions Tigers? if the wrong and bout the Tamil lilat India is adopth against us, India hat our freedom ate separatism in as an inspirationstruggles in India. years, the Indian various ways, inl obstructed Our this un necessary Lr. It is determined vement which is liberation struggle Indian government i our legitimate ocide and we have led by the unjust in. The conditions been worsening. India's hostile la government has ensifying its geno
iwe reports about nions within the front positions of ?
ue. There are no ]rhs in Our IT10venges have been our organisation, rtain serior mem
TAMIL TIMES 5
bers have undergone change. These have been misunderstood giving rise to speculations.
Q: Was Kittu's journey a peace effot? A: He undertook the journey to Jaffna with a view to creating an atmosphere of peace in Tha mil Eelam and with a peace proposal from some western countries to commence negotiations about the Tamil problem. He tried to come to Jaffna only for the purpose of discussing the peace proposal with us, The Quaker organisation has confirmed the intention of his journey, Q: What do you feel about Kittu's death?
A: I cannot describe in words the depth of feeling that has affected me, Kittu was a pre-eminent Commander. He was a great fighter with an ideal. He was a great man of action, Kittu's death is a massive loss not only to our movement, but also for our country,
Q: Will this war which has gone on for ten years end with a peaceful solution?
A: If there is to be solution to our problem by peaceful means, there should be a fundamental change in the attitude and approach of the Sinhala chauvinist rulers. If such a change takes place, I believe that a peaceful solution to our problem is possible.
Q: Mr. Prabhakaran, are you ready to genuinely enter into peace efforts? And what are your conditions?
A: I genuinely wish for peace. My aim in life is that Iny people should live in peace, in freedom and with dignity. We have not prescribed any conditions for peace. It is the Sinhala government that has been prescribing preconditions for peace and negotiations,
he Paradise Isle. . . .
, Ratnayake Wiof four children,
being sought by, tknow the reason st in hirin. Without lo. he visited the 1 Council Ine Inber ssed a degree of L the rather unthe police were fler went home.
on the day in of police officers 35 and no uniform riya's house and as under arrest. haut was in store, from the officers ng arrested. With Licon come of the seth with a revolin two of his front
broken.
The police officers then took Mr. Wijesuriya to the police station and demanded him under duress to con fess to a robbery that had taken place in the area. When he declined to confess to a crime he had not committed, the police officers tied his hands with a rope and hung hirn from the ceiling. Then one of the officers took out a pair of pliers and proceeded to pull cut his teeth one by one, and his hleeding gums were burnt with cigarette buttsby other policemen.
The above details were revealed in a recent "breach of fundamental rights' case that came up for hearing before the island's Supreme Court which found the police guilty of ut most cruelty and ordered that the victinbe paid a surn of Rs. 27.000 in compensation by the State, and in addition imposed a fine of Rs, 5,000 on the senior police officer involved.

Page 6
6 - TAM TIMES
Protest by Civil Rights Mov
Plight of People Cro the Jafna Lagoc
The Civil Rights Movement of Sri Lanka has, in a staten Secretary, Ms. Suriya Wickremasinghe, highlighted the travelling to and from Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka. Wi government of its obligations even in times of military Geneva Convention and urging it to assure safe passag CRM has called for the setting up of an independent inquir several civilians on 2 January while Crossing the lagoon.
The following is the text of the CRM statement:
The plight of civilians travelling to and from Jaffna has reached a new level of danger in recent months. In place of the traditional route via Elephant Pass and the less frequently used Pooneryn/Sangupiddy ferry, a tortuous route involving a lengthy twenty mile crossing of the lagoon at Kilaly, has been used by persons travelling to and from the peninsula. These include the thousands of civi
lians who make the journey for many.
pressing reasons including needs of family, health, encashment of foreign remittances, education, employment and trade. Public servants in Jaffna travel to Colombo for reasons connected with their service, such as to sit for examinations. Many persons including public servants stationed outside the peninsula visit their families in Jaffna off and on with urgently needed goods and money. A large proportion of essential foodstuffs and other commodities needed by the residents of the Jaffna peninsula is transported by private traders using this route. (Foodstuffs sent by the government are shipped to Point Pedro and, more recently, to Kankasanthurai).
Though the Kilaly route was not officially sanctioned by the government, it appears to have been accepted that people had no other practical option, and heavy traffic back and forth in fact took place, with occasional attacks by the security forces when civilians were among those killed. Towards the end of last year, however, the government made it clear that it was not prepared to continue to allow the use of this route.
Prohibited Zone
In October 1992 an emergency regulation was proclaimed declaring the lagoon a prohibited zone'. The public, though warned not to cross the lagoon, continued to do so for lack of any other viable option, and increasing numbers fell victim to attacks by the security forces.
On the night of particularly heavy on several boats ( across the lagoon according to news over 25 identifie almost equal num bodies. There are merely were unarr but also that passe set upon and att weapons by navy quently too there attacks and casua lesser scale, includ month (the weeker ary). The Virakes reports that more fied bodies which ashore were taken hospital.
The Civil Rights the present state basic issues relativ a civil war situatio East of the count comprehensive ma event, be outside organisation’s wor confines itself to within its concerns
The events of 2
Firstly, it is nece of the events of the be established. Giv a state of military relevant to ask whi
was necessary or re with an illegal cro: Was there indeed which the security believe were unan civilians?
The declaration prohibited zone doe forces a licence to k tive of the circums regulations them. more drastic a resu using a boat in til guilty of an offence

15 MARCH 1993
Vennent
Ossing D
ment issued by its s plight of civilians , nile reminding the Conflict under the e for civilians, the
y into the killing of
2 January 1992 a y attack was made arrying passengers and the death toll, spaper reports, was d persons and an ber of unidentified allegations that not ned boats fired upon engers in them were acked with various personnel. Subsenave been reports of alties, though on a ling one earlier this hd of 5 and 6 Februari of 14 February than ten unidenti
had been washed to the Kilinochchi
Movement is not in ment dealing with e to the existence of in in the North and try; to do so in a nner would, in any
the scope of the k. At present CRM two issues falling
January
ssary that the truth night of 2 January ven the existence of conflict, it is still ether the force used asonable in dealing ssing of the lagoon. an attack on boats forces had reason to med and carrying
of the lagoon as a es not confer on the ill anyone irrespectances. (Indeed the selves provide no lt than that persons he lagoon shall be ; they could, accor
dingly, be apprehended and charged. Since no other penalty is specified they would be liable, on conviction, to up to two years imprisonment and a fine.) Is there truth in the reports of physical attacks on the passengers?
The law of armed conflict provides that "after each engagement parties to a conflict shall without delay take all possible measures to search for and collect the shipurecked, wounded and sick, to protect them against pillage and ill treatment, to ensure their adequate care and to search for the dead and prevent their being despoiled.” This applies even if the passengers were members of the enemy armed forces, a fortiori if they were civilians. Was this done? If not, why not? An independent inquiry is necessary to answer these questions.
Safe passage for civilians
It is also imperative that a means of safe passage for civilian traffic be found and assured. CRM is mindful of the fact that the Government has stated that the normal Elephant Pass route could be used. CRM is also aware that the LTTE, which is in physical control of the area in the northern side of the Elephant Pass crossing, prevents passengers from using this route, which it is said to have mined heavily. The government cites reasons of military necessity for prohibiting the Kilaly lagoon crossing, namely that it is used as a supply route by the LTTE for men and material.
The LTTE claims that the opening up of the Elephant Pass route would mean that the peninsula could be invaded by government forces advancing behind civilians. It is not for CRM to judge and comment on such matters. CRM is also aware that the actions of the LTTE have repeatedly demonstrated scant regard for the rights or well being of civilians be they Sinhala, Tamil or Muslim. A government, however, must earn the loyalty of its citizens of all communities, by affording them due protection when they set about their lawful activities.
The civil administration of the government continues in Jaffna despite the physical control of the LTTE, and the government quite correctly, with whatever deficiencies and inadequacies, continues to supply essential foodstuffs to the peninsula. If the Elephant Pass route favoured by the government cannot, for whatever reason, be used, an alternative solution for travellers must be found.
According to press reports some time ago, the possibility of restoring the Pooneryn-Sangupiddy ferry route
Continued on page 7

Page 7
15 MARCH 1993
Merger of North an
by Bernard Soysa, General Secretary, L
The devolution of power to a territory in which Tamils are in a majority can be the only basis for a satisfactory solution to the prevailing ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka. Chauvinistic forces within the governing United National Party itself have opposed such a solution and President Ranasinghe Premadasa has shown no readiness or willingness to combat these forces. He has resorted to various measures to buy time for the purpose of getting over the ethnic hurdle each year the Aid Donors meet regarding their aid to Sri Lanka. The Opposition, which is predominantly the SLFP, far from showing up the President's opportunism, has taken up uncompromising chauvinistic stands on the ethnic question.
Chauvinism, whether Sinhala or Tamil, strengthens and reinforces each other's most reactionary and regressive drives. It establishes the situation in which fascistic forces take the upper hand and proceed with impunity to liquidate all dissent. The fascistic roles of the LTTE and the JVP within their respective communalism need no special mention. What is of even greater significance is that the UNP government itself has exploited the situation to arm itself through Emergency Regulations with the most reactionary and undemocratic powers relying mainly on the support of Sinhala chauvinism.
Bloody Civil War
The ten years of bloody civil war which we have gone through has proved that neither the armed forces
Continued from page 6
was being looked into, but nothing has materialised so far. The latest report is that the LTTE has informed the UNHCR that they cannot agree unless the Pooneryn army camp is dismantled. Controlled crossings at Kilaly at specified times is another option that has been mentioned. Another possibility that might be explored is for the government to provide passenger transport by sea to Point Pedro (as is currently done for supplies). Meanwhile, until a safer alternative is found, civilians will go on risking their lives in the Kilaly crossing simply because they have no practicable alternative. This is a state of affairs that must not be allowed to continue.'
of the state north forces are capable military potential This has been the teristic of all ethnic times. Superior mil enabled a state to which ethnic insu place. Nor do the and commitment C to expel occupying territory fought fo port they may get people.
Devolution of po ities was placed on in Sri Lanka with Federal Party, fol) tion of people ofre their citizenship two occasions, in Government in po ten agreements wi ty to implement r devolution and wei taking in the face the forces of Sinha. third occasion, in dena Government election pledge to parties conference tion and embark intimidation of through race riots pression. The Go ward the District cils system and the it despite its being able. This cost the among the Tamil p ment in which the Mr. Ranasinghe Minister of Local G the DDCs of finan the centrally appoi ters to take contro is only with the wi ary activities of t and with Indian n Government sta meaningful steps solution of the eth
Indian (
Indian concern in problem was officia back as 1981 when anti-Tamil riots he legation from Tami Delhi and persuad Indira Gandhi to India's active conc

AišsiskiääæS
di East
SSP
స్థి జ్యో 蕊乌*议
e LTTE's guerrilla of wiping out the of the other side. invariable characconflicts in recent itary power has not pacify territory in rgency has taken fighting efficiency of guerrillas suffice g armies from the r, despite the sup, from a rebellious
werto ethnic minorthe political agenda the formation of the lowing the deprivacent Indian origin of rights in 1948. On 1958 and 1966, the wer concluded writth the Federal Parmeasures of limited ht back on its underof opposition from la chauvinism. On a 1977, the Jayawarwent back on its ) summon an allon the ethnic quesed on a course of the Tamil people and military supvernment put forDevelopment Counthe TULF accepted completely unworkTULF its credibility people. The Governpresent President, Premadasa, was overnment, starved ces and encouraged nted District Minisl of the Councils. It dening of the milithe Tamil militants editation, that the rted taking any towards a political nic problem.
Concern
n Sri Lanka’s ethnic lly registered as far , following upon the re, an all-party del Nadu visited New ed Prime Minister officially announce ern in the welfare
TAMIL TIMES 7
and security of all Tamils in Sri Lanka. This was an important announcement and it indicated the nature of the political pressures on any Indian central government in respect of an escalating ethnic problem in Sri Lanka. J.R. Jayawardena however gave in to the dark forces of Sinhala chauvinism and engaged in his own sabre-rattling, without making any effort to win the sympathy and co-operation of the Indian government on the matter. This was inexcusable for by then it should have been clear to him that, without India's active co-operation in denying to the separatists facilities in India as are necessary for a guerrilla struggle, there was absolutely no hope or possibility of coping with the political and military problem posed in Sri Lanka. This attitude of J.R. Jayawardena and his government led to the events of July 1983, after which India had the problem of a growing exodus of refugees across the Palk Strait.
In the absence of the necessary
political understanding between the
two countries it was to be expected that India would resort to other de
vices as have been attributed to its
intelligence machinery, the RAW.
Political reality thereafter forced the Jayawardena government at the Delhi Summit of June 1985 to recognise,
amongst other matters, the Indian interest in Sri Lanka's ethnic crisis,
and the necessity for India's involvement in seeking a political solution acceptable to the contending parties.
North-East Merger
The consequent discussions between the two countries, India's mediation with the Tamil militant groups as well as with the TULF, and the work of the Political Parties Conference which sat in Colombo contributed to the drafts that were made of the Amendments to the Constitution and the Provincial Councils Act, which later came to be part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of 1987. As far as the institutional arrangements for devolution are concerned, the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement itself added nothing more to what had thus been already drafted and even agreed upon by the governments of both countries. The Agreement however was decisive on the question of implementation. In furtherance of this it provided for a conditional merger of the Northern and Eastern Provincial Councils, and India recognised as its obligation the disarming of the LTTE. That appeared to satisfy the LTTE and the other Tamil groupings that wanted, as the basis of settlement, the clear provision of a single territorial unit as the unit of devolu
Continued on page 9

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8 TAM TIMES
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Page 9
臀雄花妍*铬门
Continued from page 7
tion. It also won the confidence of those who quite correctly felt that the continuance of an armed LTTE in these provinces would prevent, obstruct and stultify the democratic proC8SS,
There is no doubt that had the Provincial Councils system been put into effect on the basis of the conditions provided for in the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement the country would have had an essentially democratic system in which the ethnic problem could have been laid to rest. Indeed the Provincial Councils system that was provided for constitutes the most progressive step in nearly forty years of history in the democratisation of the national state. In this regard the LSSP, in a statement which it issued in August 1987, examined the provisions of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement and the relevance of its provisions to the problem at hand, and pointed to the basically Sri Lankan contribution to the evolution and shaping of this system when it pin-pointed its own role in the matter. It said:-
LSSP Position
"The LSSP, consistent with its position of seeking to achieve a selfmanaging socialist society, put forward and pressed for the acceptance of the devolution of power from the Centre to the Provisional Councils. The LSSP in the All Parties' Conference and the Political Parties Conference maintained the position that envisaged the devolution of powers that would enable the people to exercise larger democratic rights both at the Provincial and the Local Government level'.
The Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement had reference not only to the ethnic problem in Sri Lanka. Fears and difficulties India had in regard to the UNP Government's subservience to the interests of the United States of America brought into the Agreement positions which the LSSP’s statement summarised thus:-
Further in the latter section of the agreement, which includes an important annexure, there would seem to be established a special relationship between Sri Lanka and India which in certain matters gives India a hand in Sri Lanka's affairs. There is provision for this role in the agreement to set up "a joint consultative mechanism' to continuously review these matters of Ο0ΠηΠΠΟΥ1 COηCΘII):
i) ensuring that the presence in Sri t. Lanka of foreign military and in
telligence personnel will not pre
judice Indo-Sri Lanka relations;
ii) ensuring tha other ports will able for military in a manner pr interests;
iii) the restorati the Trincomalee undertaken as : tween India and
iv) ensuring tha up by foreign nisations in Sri l for any military poses.'
Sabc
This meant a part of the Jayawa from concessions í USA since 1977, a thereafter was reco lash of American was orchestrated West of Sri Lank Indian and racist destabilised the regime and projecte madasa for UNPle election of Premad. the country, his stance was support by Sinhala racisms JVP, and the LTTE need to get the IPK this, American imp in sabotaging the Agreement at the S
With the sabotag Lanka Agreement, South of the countr to the North and benefits of the 13th Constitution and th cils Act. The LTTE back to its fascistic 1 North and the Ea Provincial Councils opportunity to con could to the solut problem. President imaginative attitud Councils system, hi tion of its potential provide the counci finances and his u functions have in n system to commend people as a solution
Despite the lapse real transfer of pow cial Councils as pl 13th Amendment Administratively, h ers to undercuit the ] in areas of activity i. has concurrent pow vincial Councils. T ment of Divisional his direct and exclu the subjection of the

Trincomalee and not be made availuse by any country judicial to India's
n and operation of oil tanks farm be joint venture beSri Lanka;
any facilities set roadcasting orgaanka are not used r intelligence pur
se tage withdrawal on the rdene Government reely given to the nd what happened gnisably the backmperialism. There in the South and a a virulent antimovement which J.R. Jayawardena ld Ranasinghe Preadership. After the asa as President of official anti-Indian ad from the outside spearheaded by the which had its own F off its back. With erialism succeeded Indo-Sri Lanka Sri Lanka end.
ing of the Indo-Sri the racists in the y were free to deny the East even the Amendment to the e Provincial Countoo was free to get pursuits both in the st. With this the were denied the tribute what they ion of the ethnic Premadasa’s une to the Provincial s lack of appreciaties, his refusal to ls with adequate surpation of their o way helped this itself to the Tamil to their problem.
of four years, no ers to the Provinovided for in the has taken place. ! has used his pow"rovincial Councils which the Centre ers with the Proe recent appointSecretaries under ive authority and Pradeshiya Sabha
TAMIL TIMES 9
activity to them is, for instance, a direct violation of the provision that all local government should come exclusively under the purview of the Provincial Councils. The disruption of the North-East merged Provincial Council and the wholly subservient provincial administrations elsewhere have been helpful to President Premadasa in this exercise. It should be mentioned, further, that, side by side with devolution, reform of the Parliamentary and Ministerial system is essential to avoid the duplication of functions and, more important, the duplication of expenditure. This has not even been thought of during the past four years.
Tamil Aspirations
The present reality is that any progress in meeting the aspirations of the Tamil minority can be achieved only through a willingness to adhere to the scheme of devolution of power provided by the 13th Amendment, with concomitant efforts to improve it. To this must be added the recognition of the need of the Tamils of the Northern and Eastern Provinces to administer on their own a single territorial unit as the unit of devolution. The Indo-Sri Lanka Accord met this need through the stipulation that, subject to its affirmation through a referendum, the Northern and Eastern Provinces shall constitute a single PC. It was on the acceptance by the UNP of this stipulation that the first PC elections were held with the Northern and Easter Provinces being regarded as a singl administrative unit.
The Government of President Ranasinghe Premadasa, backed by the darkest forces of Sinhala communalism, provided the LTTE with facilities to destroy the EPRLF administration of the North-East PC and drove the EPRLF leadership itself to desperate and untenable political positions.
Since then the Premadasa government has back-slided on the condition of merger of the two provinces and has failed to offer a viable solution. The continuance of this attitude of attempting to forget the package contained in the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement for the settlement of the ethnic problem can take the country nowhere close to a solution. It must not be forgotten that what was contained in the Agreement with regard to a solution to the ethnic problem was a reaching down to rockbottom. A solution cannot be arrived at with less being offered to either side.
The solution proposed by the majority of members of the Parliamentary Select Committee which sat on this subject suffers from a failure to
Continued on page 25

Page 10
10 TAMIL TIMES
Focus Again on Sri L Human Rights Rec
Once again Sri Lanka became one of the countries to be targeted for special attention of some governments and many non-governmental organisations at the recently held 49th session of the Commission on Human Rights of the United Nations.
The second special report by the Working Group on Disappearances following their second visit to Sri Lanka in late last year was again scathing in its condemnation of the level of human rights violations. The report recognised that there has been a reduction in the number of disappearances and arbitrary killings in the south of the country, but it recorded large number of incidents of human rights abuses including disappearances in the northeast of the island.
The special report, inter alia, concluded that:
(a) disappearances persist in Sri Lanka at a level that should be of serious concern to the Commission on Human Rights.
(b) the measures so far adopted by the government to monitor human rights violations have been ineffective, and that “there is no official mechanism in place in Sri Lanka with the principal task of clarifying the fate of more than 12,000 outstanding cases of disappearances reported to the Working Group’;
(c) the single most important factor contributing to the phenomenon of disappearances and other forms of violations is that of the impunity with which the security forces are allowed to operate and the failure to take effective action against those found to have committed violations;
(d) the government of Sri Lanka has implemented only a few of the recommendations of the Working Group in their first report.
(e) the overall effect of the security legislation of Sri Lanka, including the Emergency Regulations and the Prevention of Terrorism Act, has contributed appreciably to the incidence of human rights abuses including disappearances.
(f) "the scale and intensity of the violence has increased. The conflict between the Sri Lankan armed forces and the LTTE continue in the northeastern region, with an estimated 2,545 casualties among the combatants in the period between the two visits of the Working Group. In addition, 433 deaths have been counted
among the civiliar direct attacks or
ences, and hundre due to reprisals by or Muslim Home C
In addition to th report, the Amnest port of February 19 for the Commission logue of human rig more examples of arbitrary killings northeast of the isl
Against this ba Lankan delegation land's Attorney C Marapana and the sor, Mr. Bradman hard to avoid any from the Commissi the part of the Sri more difficult by a c particularly by thc the Country Worki on Sri Lanka, who question of the humi on the agenda of di
With a view to av or a Chairman's st the concern of the C Lankan delegation racted negotiations ment delegations. T their willingness undertakings to be this year. The ev made by the Chairm Commission tied S ment their undert the government of at a negotiated poli the conflict in the no country. It also ens mission will keep scrutiny.
interventions
A number of inte ernment delegation tives of NGOs duri session of the Comr the adverse human Sri Lankan governir
A joint statement man rights NGOs, Rights Advocates, A tional PEN, Anti-S ternational Hum Group, American A ists, World Uni Women's Internat Peace and Freedom, national, Pax Roma

15 MARCH 1993
anka's Ord
population due to collateral consequis of civilian deaths the military, LTTE uards.
e Working Group's ty International re993 released in time n also listed a cataghts violations with disappearances and especially in the and. ckground, the Sri , headed by the iseneral, Mr. Tilak Presidential AdviWeerakoon, tried further strictures on. This attempt on i Lanka was made :ampaign by NGOs, se associated with ng Group of NGOs sought to keep the han rights situation scussion.
roiding a resolution atement reflecting ommission, the Sri engaged in protwith many governThey also indicated to offer several carried out during fentual statement han on behalf of the ri Lanka to impleakings and urged Sri Lanka to arrive tical settlement to orth and east of the ured that the ComSri Lanka under
erventions by govis and representang the one-month mission referred to rights record of the ment.
signed by 15 huincluding Human Article 19, Internalavery Society, Inan Rights Law Association of Jurversity Service, ional League for Pax Christi Interana, SOS Torture,
International Movement for Fraternal Union Among Races and Peoples, National Aboriginal and Islander Legal Service Secretariat, Third World Movement Against the Exploitation of Women and the International League for Human Rights, inter alia, stated:
“Due to the continuing armed conflict, transport and communications have been severely disrupted in many parts of the northeast. The civilian population, particularly in the north has been deprived of essential food and medical supplies except for the limited supplies made available through the ICRC which do not meet even a fraction of the needs of the population. The security forces have banned the transport of a large number of items essential to the basic survival of the community. With no electricity, no fuel, no transport, no adequate food or medical supplies, the civilian population has been pushed to undergo severe hardship.
“As far as the human rights situation is concerned, Sri Lanka continues to remain under Emergency Rule for the eleventh successive year with the suspension of the normal safeguards relating to human rights fundamental freedoms. The executive and the security forces continue to be invested with extraordinary powers including those relating to arrest and detention.
The climate of impunity that has, for more than a decade, characterised the landscape of the law and order situation and the functioning of law enforcement agencies, and which became much more obvious in recent years has been one of the main factors facilitating gross human rights abuses, including the phenomena of arbitrary killings and disappearaCeS. . .
"Another disturbing development during 1992 has been an increase in the incidence of violence, intimidation and politically motivated acts of thuggery. During 1992 and the first two months of 1993, a sustained and persistent campaign of violence, harassment and intimidation has been undertaken against freedom of expression and association, and target of this campaign has been members and activists of opposition political parties, media personnel and reporters, printers and newspaper distributors. Press reporters and photographers including foreign correspondents have been subjected to physical violence.
"In February 1993, government officials for Inland Revenue, Electricity, Water, Labour and Municipal departments descended upon the offices of all newspapers and journals which were perceived as not supporting the gov

Page 11
15 NARCH 1993
ernment and threatened to cut off supplies if all dues up to the date of the visit were not paid in full. It is not without significance that most of the journalists from these papers have been closely involved with the "Free Media Movement' which has been campaigning for a freer press with less government control.
“We are not unmindful of the Working Group's comment that the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE - Tigers), which is engaged in an armed conflict with government forces, continue to commit violations of international humanitarian law, including arbitrary killings and detention of persons belonging to all communities, in areas under their control mainly in the north-east of the country, and we denounce and condemn these abuses without hesitation'.
Another joint statement signed by 14 NGOs highlighted the following points: (a) the oppression of the Tamil people by governments with a permanent Sinhala majority within a unitary state; (b) in the process of seeking to put down the armed resistance of the Tamil people, the armed forces and para-military units have committed increasingly widespread violations of the rules of humanitarian law; (c) the Tamil people are entitled to the right to self determination; and (d) it is the recognition of the existence of a Tamil homeland in the northeast of Sri Lanka and the right of the Tamil people to freely choose their political status that will prepare the ground for the resolution of the conflict which has taken such a heavy toll in human lives and suffering during the past several years.
Jan Bauer of Article 19, the International Centre against Censorship, said that there was a threat to freedom of opinion and expression. The Government had not acted positively to ensure that an independent press was allowed to operate with the harassment and attacks that had become common occurrences in recent months.
The representative of the Women's international League for Peace and Freedom, Veronica Mendizabal, in her intervention referred to the case of Selvy Thiagarajah, a Sri Lankan Tamil who is a well-known feminist activist, writer and poet and who had received the PEN international award in 1992. She was arrested by the LTTE in Jaffna in August 1991 and since then her whereabouts had remained unknown. She appealed to both the Sri Lankan government and to the LTTE to respect the right of freedom of opinion and expression in areas under their control. Ms. Karen Parker of the International Educational Develop
ment Inc., in that detention Lanka and in Ir major problem. India had detain Sathasivam Kri tu) and his ve waters. In this Mr. Krishnaku companions die tion in India. Sl sion to condemn Government of nine detained p and attorneys h to visit them an them reported
feared for the l nine detainees a
Rev. Dr. Will sentative of the can Consultativ over the past y had been expr churches, NGO organisations as bodies, regardin gross violations Lanka. The rel Group on Disap cial Rapporteur arbitrary killing reflect especial violations in Sri areas of attentic
In addition, th Force, a semiGovernment, re that 6,588 persc detention centr camps and over 90 police statio land. And the O the Ministry o habilitation anc cated that the placed persons t
Most import rights concerns question of the longing to nati and linguistic I to respect the ri the root of the the failure to di proposal which all minorities m tion to the conf Lankan Goverr that a military is possible.
However, it ongoing refusa government to mate rights fol the Tamil mino East, as well a Sinhala people in order to cha balance of the

TAMIL TIMES - 11
er intervention said f Tamils, both in Sri dia, continued to be a The Government of ed Tamil LTTE leader shnakumar (alias Kitssel in international unfortunate incident, mar and some of his and 9 are in detene urged the Commisthis act and to ask the India to release the ersons. Their parents ave not been allowed doctors who had seen signs of torture. She ves and safety of the ind their attorneys.
am L. Wipfler, repreUnited Nations Angli'e Council, said that 'ears, serious concern essed by Sri Lankan s and human rights well as international g the systematic and of human rights in Sri ports of the Working pearances and the Spe
on extrajudicial and gs and on torture all ly high numbers of Lanka in each of their
).
e Human Rights Task official agency of the ported in August 1992 ons were being held in es and rehabilitation
700 were detained in ns throughout the isctober 31st statistics of f Reconstruction, Rel Social Welfare indire were 613,077 dishroughout Sri Lanka.
ant amongst human
in Sri Lanka is the rights of persons beonal, ethnic, religious minorities. The failure ghts of minorities is at present conflict. And 2velop a constitutional ensures the rights of akes a political resoluict impossible. The Sri ment seems convinced solution to the conflict
is the historic and l of the Sri Lankan recognize the legitiself determination of rity in the North and its scheme to resettle in the North and East ange the demographic region, that provides
the support for the armed struggle of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). At the same time, LTTE attacks on Muslim and Sinhala minorities in this region reinforce the view that LTTE is also unwilling to give recognition to the legitimate rights of Muslim and Sinhala minorities in the North and East.
Mr. Chairman, this session of the Human Rights Commission must break its silence and express its profound concern regarding the violation of human rights in Sri Lanka. It must demand that the Government of Sri Lanka lift the State of Emergency and repeal the numerous repressive laws that violate Sri Lanka's obligations under international conventions. It must call on Sri Lanka to utilize every available means to reach a negotiated settlement to the present conflict that will assure the collective rights of the various ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities of Sri Lanka. And further, the Government of Sri Lanka should relax its blockade to permit food, medicine and other humanitarian assistance to reach the areas in conflict. Finally, the Commission should call on the LTTE to respect the rights of all minorities in areas controlled by its forces, as well as to continue efforts to obtain a negotiated political settlement.
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Page 12
12 TAMILTIMES
Sri Lanka's Undertakingst
Commission on Human
The following is the text of the statement made by Mr. Lanka's Attorney General, on 11 March to the UN Comn
Rights:
"Mr Chairman in my statements on 23 February and 3 March, 1993, my delegation sought to set out in detail, measures taken by the Government of Sri Lanka on a broad front to address issues relating to the human rights concerns raised by a variety of sources including those in this Commission. The government will continue to pursue its policy of openness and cooperation with regard to further measures for the promotion and protection of human rights. Collaboration with the United Nations, national institutions and interested governments will continue to be an integral element of this policy. This open and cooperative policy is derived from the democratic principle of the government's accountability to its people and the electorate and Sri Lanka's international treaty obligations. We see this policy as a means of sustaining and strengthening the democratic form of governance which Sri Lanka has uninterruptedly practised for over half a century.
“As the report of the Working Group on Disappearances indicates, the measures taken by the government have led to considerable improvements in the human rights situation. In particular, the number of reported cases of disappearances have been greatly reduced. However, residual concerns remain in particular areas. The government of Sri Lanka shares these concerns voiced both nationally and internationally, as they constitute an integral part of the government’s overall policy designed to restore normality in the face of extraordinary security problems generated by terrorist violence. Of particular concern, is the continuing violence in the North and the East. As long as this conflict continues, it would create conditions in which the risk of human rights abuses can increase.
In this context, and having shared with the Commission, information on what we have achieved so far, I would now like to share with the members of the Commission the main elements of the programme of work which the government has undertaken to carry out during the course of this year. This signifies the continuation of the process which I have described in some detail in our previous statements in the Commission including those made
under Agenda ite programme of wo taking approp ascertain the sons referred 1 alleged disappe been brought to government by Group on Disaj
the prosecution for disappeara man rights vic dispel any doul wish to categ there exists in mnity legislatic to absolve any prosecution;
a comprehensi sion of Emerge ing to arrest a into account th of the study b the Human Ri University of C
the compilation consolidated ve Emergency Reg
Con Sri
The following is Commission on
The Commissio, statement of the
|Lanka concerпіп! man rights in Sri
The governmen outlined a progra, to be implemente year uhich inclua ate теазиres to a. outs of alleged in secution of those disappearances rights violations, view and revision tion relating to a сотрilation and solidated versi emergency regula plementation of t of the Working C

i5 MARČН 1993
D the U Rights
Tilak Marpana, Sri ission on Human
ms 10 and 12. this k would include:
priate measures to whereabouts of perto in the reports of arances which have the attention of the 7 the UN Working ppearances;
of those responsible mces and other hulations. In order to ots on this matter, I orically state that Sri Lanka no indeon which could serve
such persons from
ve review and revincy legislation relathd detention, taking le recommendations eing carried out by ghts Centre of the olombo; and publication of a rsion of all current gulations to promote
public awareness; continued efforts to explore all avenues to build upon the important breakthrough achieved in the Parliamentary Select Committee with a view to arriving at a negotiated political solution to the problems related to the North and East of the country; and continued the implementation of the recommendations of the Working Group arising from its first visit to Sri Lanka in 1991. "The government will also give due consideration to the recommendations of the Working Group made after its second visit in 1992.
"Mr Chairman, as my delegation had stated previously including in its statement at the 48th Session of the Commission my government's voluntary invitation to the Special Rapporteur on Summary or Arbitrary Executions to visit Sri Lanka still stands. The government has also decided to consider favourably Sri Lanka's accession to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
"In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I would like to state that my government, in keeping with its consistent policy in the field of human rights, would continue to share with the members of this Commission and other interested parties, information on progress we make in this field.’
mmission's Response to ianka's Undertakings
the text of the statement made by the Chairman Of the UN Human Rights on 11 March:
n acknowledges the representative of Sri g the situation of hui Lanka.
at of Sri Lanka has mme of work which is id in the course of the les: Taking appropriscertain the whereabnissing persons; profound responsible for and other human a comprehensive reofemergency legislaErrest and detention, publication of a conon of all current tions, continued imhe recommendations roup on Disappear
ances contained in its 1991 report and consideration of the Working Group's recommendations in its 1992 report.
The intention of the government of Sri Lanka to share uvith the Commission, its mechanisms and other interested parties information on the progress made is noted. The efforts of the government to arrive at a negotiated political settlement to the problems in the North and the East of the country should be encouraged.
As requested by the delegation of Sri Lanka, this acknowledgement will be included in the final report of the Commission and the statement of the delegation of Sri Lanka in its entirety in the Summary Records of this Session.”

Page 13
15 MARC 1993
The Tamil-Muslim c
by S. Sivasegaram
Even before the people of Sri Lanka could come to terms with the Polonnaruwa killings of some months ago, another act of mass murder has been committed in that district. A total of 166 people, including 18 women and 30 children, are known to have been killed and another 90 seriously injured in four villages in early October 1992. It is also reported that eighteen policemen and eight soldiers too have been killed and it is suspected that the total number of casualties may be even higher than the confirmed figure.
The Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) has accused the Israeli intelligence organisation Mossad of being instrumental in the killings and that the Mossad has armed and financially assisted the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) to carry out this and other earlier attacks on Muslims. There is no means, however, of verifying this claim and, despite strong suspicion that it was the LTTE which carried out the killings, the LTTE has dismissed the accusation as slander by pointing a finger at the government's armed forces.
The SLMC responded to the killings by organising a mass demonstration in Maradana, Colombo, which was well attended. Some of the anger at the killings was directed at the Tamils and led to attacks on two Hindu temples and on a refugee camp in nearby Kotahena. The SLMC has also appealed to Muslim politicians in the government party and to the Speaker of the Parliament to enable the recruitment of Muslims in large numbers into the Sri Lankan Army. It is also reported that a Muslim fringe group, widely referred to as "the Jihad', has pledged revenge for the killings and it is not certain whether recent isolated incidents of killings of Tamils by groups of Muslims in the East has anything to do with this pledge.
It is important to note that the anger of the Muslim community, who are predominantly Tamil-speaking, is at present largely against the LTTE, whom they believe are responsible for the recent attacks in the Polonnaruwa district and, of course, the government to fail to protect them. The anger against the government was clearly illustrated when Mr. Ossie Abeygunasekera, the leader of the Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya (SLMP) and a dose ally of the government, and his supporters sought to join the Muslims who had assembled in the Maradana
mosque prior to Mr. Abeygunas were stoned and angry Muslims.
There is now a Muslims and Tal serious than an history of the tw the mid-eighties. the two commun been exploited b governments to v to the politics of whose main ta] community from
The old Tamil whose main area liamentary politi takes in dealing the Muslims and tion in which sented the intere assumed leaders ity. The politics ( leaders of the T. claimed to repres speaking popula any serious eff interests of the who are mainly and those of the as much to the between the Tar in combating Si did the opportu leadership.
The success of in the early seve of trade and com gem trade, was f ter gains in t because of the tions on foreign ment. The boom tunities in the M the Muslim com although the Taj too benefitted f ties. Resentmen nationalist elite the Muslim tr; although preoc Tamils was a pc ing a Sinhala-M kind seen ear There, have, ht incidents of att Sinhala chauvin but all of them leading to a lar!
A far more cerned the go Sinhala colonis: settlement of la:

TAM TIMES 13
Onflict
the demonstration. kera and his men chased away by the
conflict between the ils which is far more thing known in the ) communities up to Differences between ties have in the past Sinhala nationalist eaken the opposition Sinhala chauvinism get was the Tamil the North and East.
lationalist leadership
of activity was parcs made serious miswith the grievances of favoured the situaMuslims who represts of the wealthy few hip of that communof opportunism of the amil community who ent the entire Tamilltion without making ort to represent the Hill-Country Tamils,
plantation workers, Muslims contributed
lack of cooperation nils and the Muslims nhala chauvinism as nism of the Muslim
Muslim businessmen nties in several areas merce, especially the pllowed by even greae post-1977 period, relaxation of restrictrade by the governn employment opporddle-East also helped munity considerably, nils and the Sinhalese om those opportuniamong the Sinhala about the success of ders was no secret upations with the sible factor in avertuslim conflict of the er in the century. wever, been isolated cks on Muslims by sts from time to time, 'ere contained before -scale conflict. erious problem conernment's planned ion of the East. The less Sinhalese in the
North and East was aimed at making the Tamil-speaking people a minority in their own traditional homelands. The arrival of these settlers led to conflicts which became quite serious since the 1970s when Tamils as well as Muslims were affected by the loss of land and resources. The government policy since 1977 was even more vicious and all new irrigation schemes in the East ensured that more than 80% of the land was allocated to Sinhalese and even where Tamils and Muslims were allocated land it was difficult for them to take advantage of the offer.
The anti-Tamil violence of 1977 and, more importantly, that of 1983 led to a change in the political leadership of the Tamils, and the militant youth organisations took over from the discredited old leadership. There was considerable sympathy among the Muslims for the Tamils and their struggle for national survival and, in fact, many young Muslims joined the Tamil liberation movements during the early and mid-80s.
The Tamil liberation movements, with the exception of some of the more enlightened left-wing groups who were, however, much smaller than the mainstream organisations which enjoyed the support of the Indian government to varying degrees, failed to understand the needs and aspirations of the Muslims of the North and East. They failed to recognize the fact that the Muslims have traditionally considered themselves as a distinct group of Tamil-speaking people with their own cultural identity, besides their religious identity. The tendency among Tamil liberation groups not only to foist a Tamil identity upon the Muslims but also to expect them to support unconditionally their struggle for an independent Tamil Eelam with no consideration whatsoever for the fact that the Muslims were distributed all over the island was a carry-over from the politics of the Tamil nationalist past. The lack of consultation between the liberation movements and the masses has already had serious consequences for the democratic and human rights of the Tamil people, but its effect on the relationship between the Muslims and the movements was catastrophic.
The attitude of the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) and the movements which enjoyed Indian patronage between 1987 and 1989, towards the Muslims in the East was in many instances less than friendly and attacks on Muslims have been carried out by Tamil militants with the support of the IPKF. During this period, both the government and the LTTE
Continued on page 14

Page 14
14 TAMILTIMES
Continued from page 13
wooed the Muslims with some success. While the government cultivated supporters among Muslims to use them in attacks against Tamil militants, the LTTE failed to develop a lasting relationship, largely because of its narrow nationalistic approach which failed to respond to the needs of the Muslims.
The government's policy of creating a para-military force of home-guards was extended to the Muslims and selected sections of Muslims who were hostile to the Tamils and sympathetic to the government were armed and encouraged to attack the Tamil mili
tants in collaboration with the armed
forces. When the government and the LTTE fell out in 1990 after the collapse of their shortlived marriage of convenience, the LTTE commenced armed attacks on not only the forces of the government but also those whom it suspected of supporting the government. The Muslim home guards, who had no doubt about where their loyalties were, turned against the LTTE at the first available opportunity and, when unable to combat the LTTE, chose to attack Tamil villagers, often with the connivance of the armed forces of the government.
It is also possible that some of the Tamil-Muslim conflicts involving the LTTE and the Muslim home-guards could have been 'staged by the government's armed forces. In any event, the response of the LTTE to attacks on them by hostile sections among Muslims appears to be attacks on the Muslim community. This attitude of the LTTE propelled it into an increasingly hostile stance towards the Muslims, culminating in the expulsion of Muslims from the North and to the spate of genocidal attacks on Muslim villagers in the East.
It should also be pointed out that many Tamils in the Eastern Province have displayed not mere humanity but considerable courage in protecting Muslims from their Tamil attackers and equally, Muslims have risked their lives to save Tamils from attacks. These are healthy signs for the restoration of harmonious relationship between the two communities. If, however, the trend of armed attacks on Muslims were allowed to continue, the strains in the relationship between the Tamils and Muslims could deteriorate towards one of hostility, and the only beneficiary could, certainly in the short run, be the corrupt government with one of the worst records of violation of human rights in Asia.
Is it not time that all Tamil national
ists, and especially the LTTE, gave serious thought to the right of the Muslims to preserve their ethnic
identity and enjoy the livelihood? If the Mus today expects that the ment will arm the M guard them, they are error of judgment. Th have the right to de against any attack o'
Solutio
b
President Mr. R. Pre that military action solve the Tamil prob meeting organised ti years of his politica and the subsequent tween the Anglican
Rev. Kenneth Ferna doubtable leader oftl gers of Tamil Eelam, karan augurs well foi Sri Lanka. Tamil Tig that they are fightin omy of the Tamils. Iti the other Tamil gr declared that they wo fied with anything sh tion of the two Provi!
In the recent past and Sinhalese had li and there is no reason not continue to live future.
At the said encoun had made it clear in u that the LTTE and would stand by the cl gamation of two Tam the Northern and E into one Tamil Provin Autonomy following dent of amalgamatin ple of both Andra Pra Hyderabad into one a gion called "Telugude
Decentralisation ( prime objective of fec is a universally recog conceding regiona national minorities the world over. Aut given with the largel serving the unity of oting its progress a name of which, worl men had taken all avoid racial or comm the cause of chaos a tegration. A half-hea the Tamil problem wi nation.
The idea of creatin

15 MARCH 1993
right to life and lim leadership of present governMuslims to safemaking a serious e Muslim people fend themselves in their lives and
livelihood. But allowing themselves to be used by the government will only make them pawns in the hands of a dictatorial regime and lead to prolonged armed conflict between the Tamils and Muslims, the escalation of which will only further complicate the national question.
n to Tamil Problem ong Overdue
y S. Ponniah, Attorney-at-Law, Jafna.
madasa's speech
cannot help to em made at the o celebrate four l administration encounter beBishop, the Rt. ndo and the rehe Liberation TiMr. V. Prabhar a future united gers have proved g for the autonis significant that oups also have ould not be satisort of amalgama
C8S.
both the Tamil ved like brothers why they should so even in the
ter Prabhakaran nequivocal terms the Tamil people laim for an amalmil Provinces viz. astern Provinces ce on the basis of the Indian preceg the Telugu peoadesh and former dministrative re
s
S3. of power is the deralism and this gnised practice of l autonomy to
or communities tonomy must be objective of prethe nation, promnd peace in the ld famous statespossible steps to unal riots that are nd national disinrted approach to ll spell ruin to the
g an Apex Coun
cil is not a wholesome idea. Far from doing any good it will turn out to be a wedge splitting deep the Sinhala and Tamil races, irreconcilable and even warring communities further and further disrupting the peace of the nation. It is suspected that this idea of an Apex Council had been advanced by some political elements as a device to make it as an arm of the central government to procure methods to gnaw at the autonomous power and centralise it to central government. This will be like giving safeguards to the minorities under the Soulbury Constitution by its section 29 and taking away those safeguards by a two thirds majority in Parliament as provided by subsection 4. Therefore it is clear that an Apex Council will be obnoxious to the human right and smooth relation between the autonomous state and the central government. This will be a set-back to democracy and is without a parallel in the history of democracy. There is no doubt that such an interfering body will be rejected by all sections of the Tamil people.
The Tamils' hope for a satisfactory solution of the Tamil problem is the President himself. Mr. R. Premadasa. As a veteran politician this is my candid opinion assessing the present situation. There is a great reason for it. Unlike the previous presidential administration, during his administration Mr. Premadasa took all possible steps to avert racial riots between Sinhalese and Tamils; even possible Muslim riots he successfully prevented. He lost no time in deploying police and army to meet surging crowds. On two or three such occasions he displayed his efficiency which helped to save Tamils lives and assets. The Tamils will remember this for ever with gratitude.
In keeping with his conviction for a peaceful administration, he declared at the said meeting. "No military action can solve any problem; nor estab

Page 15
15 MARCH 1993
lish peace. . . . the Tamil problem must be solved by talks. In this context it must be observed that he must be regretting that he gave unlimited powers to his armed forces in the Northern and Eastern provinces which had resulted in the killing of nearly twentyfive thousand Tamils and the destruction or burning of over a thousand houses and business establishments worth several hundreds of crores of rupees. At the funeral of Lt. General Kobbekaduwe the Sinhalese people demonstrated and called on the Government to stop the war and call back the army and insisted on solving the Tamil problem.
The Honourable Minister Thondaman was a person who was close to the President and it was improbable that he went to Jaffna to have talks with the Tamil Tigers' without leave of the President. After a few hours talks he expressed the opinion, compatible with his political sagacity, that talks between the Tamil Tigers and the Government were necessary if the Tamil problem must have a final solution. All responsible citizens of this country are now convinced that Government must initiate talks with the Tamil Tigers if any talks were to be meaningful and fruitful and that top priority must be given to the Tamil problem to find a lasting solution lest the country should deteriorate into a ramshackle condition.
We must also point out that the Tamil people are disappointed and unhappy that the SLFP, despite their earlier support, is refusing to cooperate with the Government in finding a satisfactory solution to the Tamil problems. Still worse is that this party has secured a pact for a common cause with the Government not to concede the amalgamation of the Northern and Eastern Provinces. What is most undemocratic is that the SLFP has asked the Tamils not to demand the amalgamation. This is something unherd of in democratic history! To insist on this will mean that the Tamils will have to knock off the bottom on which the whole Tamil solidarity stands.
We have all heard of the birth of a Select Committee to investigate the possibility of reaching a final and satisfactory solution to the Tamil problem. Alas! The Select Committee appears to have become defunct at its very birth! What else can it be when most of its members appeared to have set their face against having any talks with the Tamil Tigers. They at the same time knew that any amount of talks with any groups, other than the Tamil Tigers, would not bear any fruition. In view of their approach they appeared to have come to the convic
tion they could ni This probably dro inaction.
The President uncertain terms will not solve a election the peop. and Eastern Prov that they stand f two Provinces inti Tamil people wish the Government t the LTTE and fin, autonomy on the tion with sufficier ised with regional administer the reg ing the Indian prec tion as pointed ou demands are not o fundamental and l mands are concede the Government a ple lose nothing, b the Tamils are damental rights w This difference ha consideration by all
Forcible Sinhali Tamil areas is the communal conflicts
Tamil
Toronto, February Jeyaraj, a promine) of Sri Lankan origir Toronto, was assau bats and metal ro portedly belonging Tigers of Tamil Ee. Ontario Science Ce attack occurred at 15 February 1993. by ambulance to General Hospital a juries including a fr of his right leg a broken skull.
Jeyaraj, a recipi gious Nieman Fello ism at Haward Un the SENTHAMAR the largest circulate Canada. The newsp positive reputation ly large Tamil comn ly because of its bal news coverage and rial policy.
When he was in was a regular contr day Island', and h and analysis of the the military situa

TAMILTIMES 15
, fulfil the purpose. e them to complete
as declared in no hat military action 7 problem. At the of both Northern nces had indicated r amalgamation of one Province. The a solemnly urge on initiate talks with lise matters giving basis of amalgamat power decentralpolice to effectively onal affairs followdent of amalgamaabove. The Tamil hly democratic, but uman. If these ded as they must be, ld the Sinhala peout if not conceded denied the funnich are their due. s to be taken into
concerned
a Colonisation of bottom cause of all now. The moment
this Colonisation is stopped peace will rebound in all its glory and facilitate national growth. If continued it will be the source for all racial feuds. The Government will have to pause for a moment to consider the nation's disaster caused by Colonisation the avoidance of which will restore the health and strength of the nation. The Tamils will have to defend their traditional soil and it is inappropriate to dub as terrorism the violence involved in such defence. Colonisation, this Curse of this Country must be stopped at all costs in the name of national progress, peace and racial harmony.
The people of Jaffna have suffered the ill-effects of 2.5 years of economic blockade imposed by the Government. There had been cases of many suicides of families on account of starvation caused by the Government's failure to provide employment opportunities by denial of electricity, petrol, diesel, kerosine and other essential goods. They have exhausted all their savings and items of jewellery. They are unable to have even one good meal a day. Their position is lamentable. They cannot endure any longer. It calls for an immediate solution of the Tamil problem.
Journalist Attacked
in Toronto
18 - David B.S. nt Tamil journalist presently based in lted with baseball is by a group reto the Liberation am (LTTE) at the ntre car park. The about 12.40am on Jeyaraj was taken the Toronto East ind treated for inacture of the fibula nd stitches for a
ent of the prestiwship for Journalversity, now edits AI”, the oldest and d Tamil weekly in per has built up a rithin the relativeunity there mainLnced and credible ndependent edito
ri Lanka, Jeyaraj butor to the "Sunindepth reports thnic conflict and ion were widely
read. He also frequently contributed to many Indian journals, more notably to the much circulated fortnightly "Frontline'.
Jeyaraj can by no means be considered an anti-LTTE journalist. Among the various strands of political opinions and allegiances within the Tamil community, Jeyaraj could be regarded as one who is closer to the LTTE's viewpoint than to any other. As a journalist, he has had close liaison with leading LTTE figures like the LTTE’s Paris-based international spokesman and Central Committee member, Lawrence Thilagar, and the late Sathasivam Krishnakumar (Kittu) until his recent untimely death. Because of this relationship, “SENTHAMARAI' could be relied upon to have access to and cover LTTE's authoritative official versions of events.
However, the Canadian-based Tamil Tigers, who have their own weekly ULAHATH THAMILAR’ (World Tamils), have not taken kindly to the independent Tamiljournalism of “SENTHAMARAI and its editor Jeyaraj. "If you are not with us, you are against us has been their basic
Continued on page 29

Page 16
16 TAMIL TIMES
| Human Rights Sit
A group of human rights non-governmental organisation comprising the 'Country Working Group of NGOs on Si Lanka' submitted a comprehensive memorandum to th United Nations Commission on Human Rights which hel its 49th Session during February/March this year at Genev in Switzerland. The following is the text of the memor атаит.
1. introduction . . . "
The human rights situation in Sri Lanka has been a matte of grave concern for the Members of the Commission fo many years. This concern was expressed last year at th Commission's 48th Session by way of a Chairman's State ment agreed unanimously by the Commission. (E/CN.4 1992/84, page 275)
Having acknowledged the measures taken by the govern ment to monitor reports of disappearances and other humal rights violations, the Commission was 'seriously concerne over the human rights situation in Sri Lanka indicated inte alia, in the report of the Working Group (E/CN.4/1992/18 Add.1) particularly the large number of disappearance recorded by the Working Group, and concerned that, whils there has been an overall decline, incidents of disappearanc continue to be reported'. The Commission further calle upon the government to 'further intensify its efforts t ensure the full protection of human rights and further call upon all parties to respect fully the universally accepte rules of humanitarian law'.
In regard to the ongoing ethnic conflict, the Commissio urged the government "to continue to pursue a negotiate political solution with all parties, based on principles C respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, lead ing to a durable peace in the north and east of the country
However, it cannot be said that the Commission's express ion of concern, and its urging and pleadings to the goverr ment have resulted in a situation in which there is "fu protection of human rights', or full respect for universall accepted rules of humanitarian law. The government ha failed to take any concrete steps "to pursue a negotiate political solution with all parties', and the armed conflict i the north and east of the country continues unabated.
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE - Tigers which is engaged in a violent armed conflict with goverr ment forces, continue to commit violations of human right including arbitrary killings of persons belonging to a communities, in areas under their control mainly in th north-east of the country.
"...the scale and intensity of the violence has increasec The conflict between the Sri Lankan armed forces and th LTTE continues in the north-eastern region, uvith an est mated 2,545 casualties among the combatants in the perio between the two visits of the Working Group. In addition, 43 deaths have been counted among the civilian population du to direct attacks or collateral consequences, and hundreds civilian deaths due to reprisals by the military, LTTE ( Muslim Home Guards.' (E/CN.4/1993/25/Add.1, page 3).
During this session, the Commission will have the benef of the recent reports by the Working Group on Enforced ( Involuntary Disappearances (E/CN.4/1993/25 and E/CN. 1993/25/Add.1), Report by the Special Rapporteur on Extr judicial, summary or arbitrary executions (E/CN.4/1993/4 Report by the Special Rapporteur on Torture (E/CN.4/199.

15 MARCH 1993
the UN Commission on Human Rights. uation in Sri Lanka
26) and 'An Assessment of the Human Rights Situation' in Sri Lanka by the Amnesty International (ASA37/1793). The Working Group on Disappearances and the Amnesty International visited Sri Lanka in late 1992.
It is not by accident that Sri Lanka has, for the last ten years, figured prominently in the reports by the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Special Rapporteur on Torture and the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances and 1993 is no exception.
2. Emergency Rule and Security Legislation
Sri Lanka continues to be ruled, for the eleventh successive year, under a State of Emergency under which many of the normal safeguards concerning democratic and human rights and fundamental freedoms have remained suspended. The executive and the security forces continue to be invested with extraordinary powers including those relating to arrest and detention.
Of late, the government of Sri Lanka has displayed a greater degree of openness towards international human rights organisations. The government has also established new mechanisms Human Rights Task Force (HRTF) and the Presidential Commission on the Involuntary Removal of Persons (PCIRP) to monitor and investigate certain kinds of human rights violations. These are welcome developments, but have had only marginal impact on the human rights situation in the absence of an established system of procedural safeguards to be observed by enforcement agencies and security service and police personnel to ensure the prevention of arbitrary arrests, and the disappearance and torture of persons taken into custody. Such abuses are bound to continue until the framework provided by the Emergency
Regulations and the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA)
making such abuses possible are removed, and the government has failed to make any meaningful move in this direction.
The Working Group on Involuntary disappearances has pointed out that the overall effect of the present body of security legislation of Sri Lanka has contributed appreciably to, and in fact is conducive to disappearances and concomitant violations of human rights. Another factor to be considered in the matter of security legislation is that, as a general principle, the law of the country should be clear, unequivocal, consistent, accessible to the public, and uniformly applicable. This is true of security legislation as well. However, in Sri Lanka, the Prevention of Terrorism Act and the prevailing Emergency Regulations constitute a body of law that is quite confusing. The Working Group found that, specifically in the field, among the police and the military, a proper understanding of the rules contained in the body of law was not fully adequate...The problem is compounded by the fact that, following their entry into force, the actual text of the emergency regulations is not effectively promulgated until some time later, and is, even then, not easily accessible to the general public or even to lawyers. In fact, fully up-to-date sets of such texts are rarely available even to those responsible for the administration of justice.' (E/CN.4/1993/ 25/Add.1, para 18/19/22).
At present detainees held under the PTA need not be brought before a judicial authority for 90 days, and under Emergency Regulations (ER) persons can be held for 30 days before a magistrate sees them. Under these provisions,

Page 17
15 WARCH 1993
persons need not be held in public known places of detention officials of various ranks are empowered to decide wher detainees may be held; PTA permits detainees to be held u to 18 months in "any place' and 'subject to such conditions determined by the Minister of Defence; and ER permi persons to be held in preventive detention indefinitely i “any place'. Amnesty International has found evidence tha police have sometimes used “unofficial safe-houses to tortur suspects. (ASA37/1/1993, P.6). "The question of undesig nated detention centres continues to be of major concern ti the Government itself. (E/CN.4/1993/25/Add.1, para 27).
In spite of the assurance given by the government to th contrary, military officers have admitted to Amnesty Inter national delegates that it was still their policy not to wea anything indicating their rank or unit when conductin operations for security reasons. Again contrary to assuranc that security service vehicles carry number plates an official markings, there were instances of arrests carried ou in 1992 by plainclothed police and military personnel wh did not identify themselves, and who used unmarke vehicles. (ASA37/1/93, p8).
3. Government Measures - ineffective and Half-Hearted
The setting up of the HRTF and PCIRP and the variou instructions issued by the authorities to the State enforce ment agencies in regard to arrests and detentions, thougl inadequate to meet the gravity of the human right situation, have been welcome measures. However, eve these governmental measures have been half-hearted an ineffectual in their implementation. "Of course, the abov measures can only be meaningful to the extent they ar. implemented. The Working Group found that some of then are not implemented or not completely being applied
E/CN.4/1993/25/Add.1, para 30).
Lawyers' organisations testified to the visiting UN Work ing Group that, in 1992, in the process of filing habea corpus applications startling facts had been brought to thei notice amounting to gross human rights violations. Ver. rarely in cases of missing persons had the State been ablet answer the petitions affirming the whereabouts of th corpus. In almost 98 per cent of the cases the State/securit officers had, point blank, denied arrest, in spite of man instances where security officials responsible for arrest ha been very clearly identified by the petitioners.' (E/CN.4 1993/25/Add.1, para 36).
The lack of government's resolve to bring those guilty ( human rights violations, especially arbitrary killings, ar demonstrated by the manner in which the much publicise Kokkaddicholai Massacre' was dealt with. The goverr ment's investigative and monitoring mechanisms (PCIR and HRTF) also do not match up to the task of taking step to investigate cases of 'disappearances' in earlier years eve when there were thousands of witnesses to the arrest i refugee camps of people who later "disappeared'.
Example 1: The Kokkaddicholai Massacre - In Jur 1991, following an ambush laid by Tamil Tigers in which tw soldiers were killed, soldiers went on a rampage in a killir spree massacring 67 Tamil civilians at Kokkaddicholai in th eastern Batticaloa district. The government initially denied th nassacre echoing the military's claim that the civilians ha been killed in the cross-fire. Because of the wide publicity th incident had generated and bowing to widespread local ar international demand for an impartial investigation, the gover ment appointed a Commission of Inquiry.
The inquiry found that the deaths had not resulted fro cross-fire, as the military had claimed, but from "delibera retaliatory action' by soldiers. The proceedings were public, b he procedures employed by the Commissioners did not ful

TAMIL TIMES 17
:
Jt si
the standards required by the Principles on the Effective Prevention and investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions. The Commissioners did not subject the military suspects to cross-examination, contrary to Principle 10 which states that "The investigative authority shall...have the authority to oblige officials allegedly involved in any such executions to appear and testify."
Following the findings of the Commission, the 20 soldiers including a lieutenant who were responsible for the deaths of 67 civilians were not charged before a civilian court, but were tried before a military tribunal which was not open to the public. In the event, the lieutenant in charge was convicted on the lesser charges of failing to control his troops and disposing of bodies illegally at the site of the massacre. But the other 19 soldiers were acquitted. (ASA/37/1/93 p.9).
Example 2: the government has listed eight cases in which security service personnel have been charged with abduction, rape and murder. Some of these cases have been pending up to three years and have yet to be concluded, and none of these cases has yet reached a conviction for murder. In one case, the accused were discharged after the witnesses failed to appear in Court - the witnesses themselves were abducted and "disappeared' during the period that the accused officers were on bail. No investigation was carried out into the nonappearance of the witnesses. (ASA37/1/93 p.3).
Example 3: 158 people were reportedly arrested at the refugee camp at the Eastern University Campus, Vantharamoolai, on 5 September 1990. The Ministry of Defence later said that only 31 named people had been taken, all of whom had been released. According to a relative of two young men arrested that day, they were taken to the army camp at Valaichchenai. The Case fails outside the remit of the Commission of Inquiry on the Involuntary Removal of Persons, since it occurred before 11 January 1991. The case was reported to the Chairman of the Human Rights Task Force, but he does not actively investigate 'disappearances'. (ASA37/1/93, p.11).
Example 4: Over 160 persons from Saturukondan and neighbouring villages in eastern Sri Lanka were rounded up on 9 September 1990 by soldiers who were seen by villagers taking the prisoners towards the Boys Town army camp; and later SCreams were heard from the camp. The villagers believe that the prisoners were transported elsewhere that night because they heard vehicles moving out from the camp during the night. The Ministry of Defence said that it had found no evidence that any outsiders had been brought into the camp on the day in question. The 'disappearance' of these 160 persons, including two brothers, aged 12 and 15, seen taken from their home together with their sister, aged 29, and her three children, aged 6 years, 3 years and three months respectively, still remains uninvestigated and unresolved. (ASA37/1/93, p.11).
4. Torture and Deaths in Custody
Torture and deaths in custody have been a phenomenon in Sri Lanka for several years and it continued during 1991-1992 even after the government's repeated assurances to the contrary. The methods of torture included severe beatings, electric shocks, burning with cigarettes or matches, pouring petrol into the persons' nostrils and then placing a plastic bag over their heads, suspending prisoners from their thumbs and beating them, beating with barbed wire and repeatedly submerging prisoners' heads in water while they were suspended from their ankles. Women have been subjected to sexual molestation including rape. (ASA37/1/ 93, p.12).
Example 1: One prisoner was held in incommunicado
Continued on page 18

Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
HA SqLeLAeASLLASASASMeE q AeMSASASA S SASA AAASS
Continued from page 17
detention by the army for over a year before a relative was permitted to see him. This prisoner had been held at the Talaimannar and Thalladiarmy camps. During the period of his detention, he was stripped naked, hung upside down and assaulted, was burned with burning paper and polythene and had a damp cloth pressed against his face until he "confessed'. At the Thalladi camp, he was held blindfolded for six months and assaulted. (ASA37/1/93, p.12).
Example 2: One former Tamil detainee, in his testimony to Amnesty International, described how he was tortured by plainclothed soldiers in Badulla. A group of armed men wearing civilian dress had taken him from his home in Badulla One evening in July 1992. They later identified themselves as army personnel. Blindfolded and handcuffed, they took him in a Hiace van to what he believed was an army camp in an estate bungalow. There, his blindfold was removed and he was questioned for about two hours. He denied any contact or knowledge of the LTTE, but was severely beaten for several hours on his face and body. Several times he had petrol poured into his nostrils and a plasitic bag put over his head. The third time this was attempted, he fell unconscious. In the morning he was left chained to a table. The next day, he was questioned further and taken to the Badulla police who in turn took him to the hospital, where he spent several weeks under police guard. He then spent over two months in police Custody at Badulla, where he was regularly visited by the ICRC before being released unconditionally. During his stay at the police station, he saw other prisoners who had been beaten in order to get them to confess, and a group of five prisoners under special guard who had been injured and who were chained by the legs for most of the day.
Example 3: Another Tamil suspect was tortured in a 'safe-house' by police in Nuwara Eliya. He was arrested in July 1991 and taken to a dilapidated house. There, he was beaten on his chest and stomach, and an attempt was made to push a burning match into his penis. He was hung upside down and his fingers were injured. After four days, he was taken to the Nuwara Eliya police station, but two weeks later he was again taken to the 'safe-house' where he was assaulted again. His medical certificate details several injuries consistent with his history of torture.
Example 4: A man who had been held in detention since 1991 in eastern Trincomalee had his hands tied behind his back, petrol poured into his nose and a plastic bagput over his head while being interrogated at the Plantain Point army camp. After the bag had been removed, he was beaten on his head and body, threatened with being burned on a tyre, and then hung upside down from his ankles and beaten on the soles of his feet and his body. He was hit with sticks and with barbed wire, and chilli powder applied on the wounds he sustained. This treatment has left permanent deep scars on his back. He was held with 14 other persons, chained and blindfolded for about a month. Some of the prisoners were naked.
Example 5: The detainee referred to in Example 4 above had seen bodies being burned at the Plantain Point army camp during 1991. He had also seen two detainees being killed - one was beaten and then held under Water until he drowned. Another was submerged, then pulled out of the water and a soldier cut his throat. The two victims were a shop employee from Sampur and a man called Oruthavai Kanthan from Eechchilampattai. (ASA37/1/93, p.20/21).
Example 6: Three prisoners died at Police Post li in Kalawanchikudy in eastern Sri Lanka on 24 October 1992, according to the testimony of one of the victims, Karthigesu Kulendran. Their arrests by the Special Task Force (STF), a police commando Unit, were later denied. The three men were

15MARd臀
among the 11 persons arrested by the STF after a grenade had been thrown at their patrol by an unidentified person who ran away from the scene. The arrested 11 persons were taken to the police post where they were assaulted with iron bars and poles by STF personnel. A gunshot was heard. The next day, the prisoners were taken by jeep to the Kalawanchikudy STF camp. Three were dead. Prisoners who were later released had fractures and knife wounds. The STF denied they had ever arrested the three dead men, but said that they had found the three dead bodies, and the STF suggested that they might have been killed by the LTTE. However, when the relatives asked for the bodies, they denied that they were at the camp. But according to the testimony of released prisoners, they saw the bodies at the STF camp, and that the STF personnel had put them on a tractor with six other bodies that had been brought from the hospital, taken them away and buried them. (The six bodies referred to here were believed to be those of among 10 Tamil civilians killed by the army on the same day - 24 October 1992 - at Velaveli in Batticaloa district.) (ASA/37/93, p.12).
5. Arbitrary Killings
While the phenomenon of extrajudicial or arbitrary killings has experienced considerable reduction from the peak years of 1988-1991 in the south of the country, in the north-east, and particularly in the east, the scale of such killings in 1992 remained substantially high.
Example 1: In April 1992, Muslim Home Guards allied to the army massacred 89 Tamil villagers at Muthugal and Karapola in the eastern Batticaloa district in retaliation to the killing on the same day of 62 Muslim civilian villagers by the LTTE at Alanchipothana. (ASA/37/1993, p.9 & E/CN.4/1993/25/Add. 1, para 11). In a similar act of retaliation Muslim Home Guards detained 13 Tamil men, women and children near Thiyavaddavan also in the Batticaloa district, of whom one boy escaped and the other 12 persons remain unaccounted for.
Example 2: On 8 August 1992, soldiers from Poonani army camp attacked and killed 39 Tamil civilians - men, women and children - at Mailanthani, a village in eastern Sri Lanka. This massacre was carried out in apparent retaliation to the killing by the LTTE On the same day of ten senior military officers, including Major General Denzil Kobbekaduwa, in a landmine attack at Kayts island, some 180 miles away. (ASA37/1/93, p. 10).
Example 3: On 24 October 1992, at about 9 am villagers were sowing paddy in fields at Paliyadivaddai in Valaveli in the eastern Batticaloa district when they saw the army approaching. They took shelter in a neighbouring house along with others. Soldiers Surrounded the house and fired into it before they entered. Three people were injured one of whom later died. The soldiers then forcibly removed the people, and took them to the Paliyadivaddai army camp. Relatives followed behind. They waited near the camp until mid-day and reportedly they could hear sounds of screaming. They saw about 6 to 7 bodies being taken to Kaluwanchchikudy hospital in a tipper truck and followed thinking that the bodies would be given to them. A post-mortem was held at the hospital, but then the bodies were taken by tractor to the Kaluwanchchikudy STF camp from where three more bodies were added to those on the tractor, and thereafter all the bodies were burned in a secluded place. (ASA37/1793, p.13).
5. Disappearances
There is no doubt that there has been a substantial eduction in 'disappearances' and arbitrary killings compared with the peak years of 1988, 1989 and 1990 which ame about as a result of the capture and killing of the

Page 19
15 MARCH 1993
leadership of the JVP and suppression of the JVP's insurgency. In fact the counter-terror tactics and associated unlawful activities by agents of the state and their allied groups continued far longer than the circumstances that gave rise to them, and appeared to have gained a momentum of their own. They are by no means unknown today. (CRM E01/11/92). In fact in the east of the country where the conflict continues, disappearances and arbitrary killings still continue on a large scale. The rate of "disappearances' in 1992 in eastern Sri Lanka, according to governmental and non-governmental sources, is put at 10 to 18 per month. (ASA/37/1793, p.11).
In its 1992 report (E/CN.4/1992/18/Add.1) the Working Group, inter alia, stated, “The Working Group wishes to emphasize that the cases of disappearances alleged to have occurred in Sri Lanka rank as the best documented cases among those from 40-odd countries appearing in the Group's annual reports to the Commission on Human Rights.'
"Since the establishment of the Working Group in 1980, 6,716 cases of disappearances alleged to have occurred in Sri Lanka have been reported to the Working Group by
U.S. Lawyer to Defend M.V. Ahat's
An American lawyer has offered his legal assistance for Jayachandran, the captain of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) vessel M.W. Ahat currently in the custody of the Tamil Nadu police, according to reports from Madras.
Former Jaffna Tiger Commander Sathasivam Krishnakumar alias Kittu was sailing in this vessel to Jaffna along with a large haul of arms for the
LTTE when the I rounded it in Janua ted suicide by blasti
The American Kiyonka arrived in . day to assist the Duraiswamy who Jayachandran, who sea along with nine bers before the vess
N. Shanmugathasan: an Appreci.
IN every Third World country there is a Fidel or a Cabral or a Giap who does not quite make it to revolution, but who, in his or her fight against injustice, intolerance and inequality, embodies the mores, the values, the dedication of the revolutionary - and therein sets the seedling socialism to root.
Shan was such a man. For him, there was no short cut to socialism, no parliamentary road, no compromise between means and ends: the means predicated the end. And so he never attained to power, never became an MP (though, in a moment of aberration, he once contested an election), never reduced his politics to populism.
Yet he was a man of the people, a servant of the working class. From the moment he came across Marx at university in 1939 to the day he died, Shan devoted himself to the cause of the proletarian revolution and the pursuit of a classless society - following first in the path of Lenin and Sovet communism and then, after 1963, turning to Mao's China for guidance. In that journey, he was trade union leader and activist, pamphleteer and polemicist, soldier and savant.
He was, too, a great champion of
what seemed to be h he gave them hope. V anaike government and dispossessed I workers and rendere untouchable to the l who took up their c. Red Flag Union and sense of worth and fig When Hindu society lent caste-ridden pha only its temple door public places on the it was Shan, the 'h who led the untoucha halls of the Brahm drove the priests fro)
Shan was a guru sense, a teacher by cept, an exemplar b private life. At a til Lankan polity has b rupt, he remained un ity or power. At a til tual life in Sri La uniformly sordid and retained an intellect shone like a beacor world. At a time whe country has sunk ir rendous communal c

TAMIL TIMES 19
non-governmental sources and have been transmitted to the Government of Sri Lanka. Cases reported to have occurred since 11 June 1990, the date of resumption of hostilities with the LTTE, have taken place primarily in the northern and north-eastern regions of the country.
"In addition to the 6,716 cases already processed by the Working Group and transmitted to the Government, a large number of cases received between 1990 and 1992 are currently being processed for transmission to the Government. These include nearly 5,000 cases which occurred in the Southern and Central Provinces between 1988 and 1990 and nearly two thousand cases in the north-east since June 1990. Significantly over 30 cases alleged to have occurred since June 1990 in the South were transmitted to the Government.” (E/CN.4/1993/25/Add.1, para 61/62).
Having recognised the reduction in the number of disappearances in the South during 1992, the Working Group stated: Nevertheless, disappearances persist in Sri Lanka at a level that should be of serious concern to the Commission on Human Rights." (Ibid, para 128).
To be continued in next issue
Captain
ndian Navy surry. Kittu commitng the vessel.
lawyer Jancy Madras last Mon
Madras lawyer is appearing for jumped into the of his crew memel was blown up.
The Indian Navy rescued them and placed them under the custody of the Madras Police.
The American lawyer has told the press in Madras that he could not directly appear before the court in Madras on behalf of Jayachandran, as he was not registered as a lawyer in
... India but he would provide all neces
sary backing for the Madras lawyer who was appearing for Jayachandran, reports said.
ation
opeless causes till When the Bandardisenfranchised hdian plantation l them electorally eft, it was Shan use through the brought them a ht and militancy. in its most viruse, had closed not but the doors of lepressed castes, gh-caste' Hindu, ples into the very ns and virtually
the temples.
the traditional kample and preh in public and e when the Sri some totally corouched by venale when intellecka has become lespicable, Shan al probity which in a darkening the whole of the o the most hornage, Shan cla
moured for justice for Sinhalese, Tamil and Muslim peoples alike. The distinction he made between people and government was not theoretical sophistication but a deeply felt sensibility.
Shan had a brilliant dialectical mind that grasped a situation before anyone else had seen it and a political instinct which saw things ahead of the people he led. And so, in a sense, he was not only before his time but, alas, before his people, so to speak - alone on a peak in Darien.
A. Sivanandan,
Director, Institute of Race Relations, Editor Race & Class.

Page 20
20 TAM TIMES
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Page 21
15 MARCH 1993
'Hindutva & the Reign
by Rohini Hensman
There is no need to speculate about who was responsible for the carnage in Bombay which began in the second week of January: Bal Thackeray proudly claimed responsibility for the organisation he leads, the Shiv Sena (i.e. the Army of Shivaji, a Maratha leader who successfully fought the Moghals in the seventeenth century and established his own kingdom).
The violence was sparked off by a number of stabbings of Hindus on the 6th and a gruesome case of arson on the evening of the 7th in which a Hindu Maharashtrian family's home was set alight, killing five people and seriously injuring eight others. It has not been established who exactly was responsible for these crimes, but two observations can be made. Firstly, it was more than unlikely that ordinary Muslim residents of Bombay, only too aware of their vulnerability after the recent attacks on them in December, would have made such a suicidal move. Secondly, the highly organised and systematic character of the retaliatory onslaught completely belies any claim that it was spontaneous and suggests, on the contrary, meticulous planning.
In a city where different communities are closely intermixed, Urdu journals and newspapers, Muslim-owned shops, restaurants, timber marts, industrial units, homes and vehicles were targetted. The Times of India (January 13th) echoed the sentiments of many observers and residents when it noted that "Bombay is currently witness to the ruthless implementation of a carefully crafted strategy to intimidate, with fear and violence, the city's Muslim community. . . . The pattern of killing, arson and looting suggests that the objective of the perpetrators is to strike so much terror in the hearts of the minority community that its members have no choice other than to flee. . . . Bombay has not seen such barbaric behaviour during its 300year-old history as a metropolis.'
Call to Burn
Jeeploads and gangs of Shiv Sena cadre attacked Muslim residents in all parts of the city - from the poorest shanty-towns to the most upper-class areas – shouting "Jala do, jala do!” Burn them burn them!"). Men and boys were forcibly stripped, and killed if they were found to be circumcised; a
teenage girl was death before hel youth who wen burned to death; als and killed pa families were sla 12th, a Times o counted 650 bod bay hospitals. T many more who and the carnage greater if some
tered Muslim n. them to esca thousands of te fled Bombay by unable to leave, public halls and verting them int
This was not a ful sense of the t al pogrom. Asg Muslim scholar and courageousl. damentalism, re India now feel e Jews felt in Thackeray, aske this remark, sai like the Jews in is nothing wrong exterminating po belonging to a minority.
Paralle There is anot Germany: the co which the gangs ceivable atrocity December had b Muslim demons dreds, watched looting, burning front of their E swing into acti took a bizarre Hindu and Mus when they call their building thugs, the police thugs had gon proceeded to co residents had defence, and arı the able-bodied Even when the they were not against law-bre orders of a polic sion when they the police prom)
 

TAMIL TIMES 21
Of Terror
raped and hacked to mother's eyes and a , to their rescue was gangs invaded hospittients in them; whole ughtered. By January o India correspondent ies of victims in Bomhere must have been never got to hospital, would have been even Hindus had not shell2ighbours and helped pe. Hundreds of ror-stricken Muslims r train while others,
flocked for safety to railway stations, cono vast refugee camps. "riot' in any meaningerm: it was a genocidhar Ali Engineer, a who has consistently y opposed Islamic funmarked, "Muslims in xactly the same way Nazi Germany,” Bal 2d for his response to l, “Have they behaved Nazi Germany'- there , in other words, with eople for the "crime' of
religious or ethnic
with Nazis
ner parallel with Nazi implete impunity with committed every con. The police, which in een so quick to fire on strators, killing hunpassively while the and killing went on in yes. Where they did on, their intervention form. Residents, both lim, complained that ld the police because was threatened by arrived only after the away. . . . and then nfiscate whatever the got together for selfest and take away all young Muslim men! army was called in, given power to act kers except under the e officer; on one occairrested some culprits, tly released them.
While the police have been completely compromised by these events, it is also notable that Chief Minister, Sudhakarrao Naik, Defence Minister, Sharad Pawar and Home Minister, S.B. Chavan, all of whom were in Bombay during the pogrom, did nothing to halt the violence.
The tragic irony of the whole situation was underlined by Prime Minister Narasimha Rao's brief visit to the city on the 15th. On the one hand he received a delegation from the BJP (Bharatiya Janatha Party) calling on him to throw out Pakistanis and Bangladeshis illegally resident in Bombay. Every Bombay resident knows there are no such people: the Muslim residents of Bombay are bona fide Indian citizens. But if called upon to provide documentary proof of citizenship, most of them - like the vast majority of Hindu citizens - would be unable to do so, thus becoming vulnerable to deportation out of their own country. On the other hand, a delegation from the Ekta (Unity) Forum suggested that minorities should be protected - a suggestion which may sound obvious and banal, and yet one which the Prime Minister showed no signs of acting on. The BAI Bar Association of India) subsequently passed a resolution saying, "The BAI views with alarm and despair the complete lack of will on the part of those responsible for maintaining law and order to prevent wilful killings of innocent people.’
Hindu Chauvinism
How did this situation arise? Maharashtra, the state which has Bombay as its capital, has a long tradition of militant Hindu chauvinism (“Hindu chauvinism' being defined in this instance as the attempt to turn India into a "Hindu Rashtra', i.e. an exclusively Hindu nation).
Hedgewar, the founder of the RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh) in 1925 and its leader Golwalkar were Maharashtrians, as was Savarkar, the founder of the Hindu Mahasabha; to this day, the headquarters of the RSS is in the Maharashtrian town of Nagpur. Golwalkar was arrested and the RSS banned in 1948 after the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi by one of its members, Godse; but these measures were reversed in the surner of 1949. In late 1951 the RSS formed a parliamentary front, the Bharatiya Jan Sangh, which later became the BJP. Their brand of Hinduism was seen as the crucial ideology for combatting communism; as K.R. Malkani, editor of the RSS paper the Organiser wrote, “Communism can be combatted
Continued on page 22

Page 22
22 * TAMIL TRES ***
Continued from page 21
and conquered in Hindustan by the Hindus only through Hindutva.”
When the Shiv Sena was formed by Bal Thackeray in 1966, it added an element of regional ethnic supremacism to anti-communist Hindu chauvinism: not just "Hindu Rashtra', but Maharashtra for the Maharashtrians' and "Mumbai Amcha Ahe' ('Bombay is Ours") - a 'sons of the soil slogan which boded ill for the nonMaharashtrians who formed 58 per cent of the city's population. (Apparently he didn't stop to consider what would happen to all the Maharashtrians in other parts of the country if a 'sons of the soil' policy were strictly followed)
In fact the first campaign launched by Thackeray was against South Indians, and the general elections of 1967 provided him with a perfect target: the “crypto-communist” “lunghiwala' ('lunghi-wearer' - i.e. South Indian) V.K. Krishna Menon, who stood as an independent to retain a seat he had won in the previous two elections as a Congress nominee. The Shiv Sena succeeded in defeating him, with the support not only of the Jang Sangh but also of the Congress, thus setting a pattern for the future.
In the 1958 local elections, Congress abstained from contesting seats in predominantly Maharashtrian areas in order to help Shiv Sena candidates defeat Communist Party rivals – which they did, getting 42 seats and becoming the second largest group in the Town Hall; subsequently they have moved up to first place, thus gaining control over the city's administration.
Fighting the "Reds'
A few months after the 1968 local elections, the Shiv Sena set up the BKS (Bharatiya Kamgar Sena, or Indian Workers' Army), its own "union'. Among its exploits was the killing of a prominent Communist Party trade union leader, and the burning of the office of the CP-affiliated Girni Kamgar Union (Textile Workers’ Union), after which Thackeray announced, "I am proud of the Shiv Sainiks who fought the Reds'. Summing up BKS ideology, he said, "I am against strikes and go-slow tactics. The most important thing is production. Management and labour are two wheels of industry, and they must move smoothly. A trade union should work as a lubricant. Actually, there is no need for a trade union if management behaves sensibly.’
Not surprisingly, many employers
turned to the BKS for help with break
ing strikes and sm ions, and reciproce Shiv Sena. Whilet bay workers remai tical of its ability interests as worke that the aggressiv BKS has divide weakened the labc city renowned for and industrial mili The campaign a ans resulted in maj Thackeray was arr repentant: “Yes, I should we have st asked. 'Why should cracy? It is a Hitle India today. Unde Indian Hindus have fleeing Bombay in ethnic cleansing.
in the Narr
While there has ideological affinity Sena and BJP, the tionally moved muc the course of the "R (Ram's birthplace') electoral alliances jointly for a "Hindu wan Goyal, presid Indian branch of claimed in an inta Sainiks had carrie planning for the ( mosque at Ayodhya, led the assault on it. an exaggeration, it
Rohan Gunaratne's has appeared at a seeming Indo-Lank has once more cre vironment for the r in the academia and ing trade who had
sides of the ethnic di of Premadasa and P are now busy discre the past in the na geo-political reality. enemy's enemy is a an oft heard refrain
It is no longer inte able or politically ) anti-Indian. The my as a stabilising ratic Asia's destiny beck trum of Sri Lankan
Somawansa Ama taken over the lead after its leadership,
 

15 MARCH 1993
shing militant uned by funding the e majority of Bomedjustifiably scepto represent their s, it is undeniable e presence of the workforces and ur movement in a its strong unions ancy. gainst South Indir violence in 1969; ested, but was unm a dictator, why many rules?” he India want demothat is needed in rstandably, South been among those he current bout of
Ie of God
always been an between the Shiv 'y have organisacloser together in am Janmabhoomi' 2ampaign, forming and campaigning Rashtra”. Jaibhagent of the North
the Shiv Sena, erview that Shiv d out the entire lemolition of the trained for it, and While this may be
is certainly true
that they were central to the operation. On the other hand, BJP-related organisations have participated in the violence in Bombay; for example, an attempt by the Bombay University and College Teachers' Union to screen the award-winning anti-communalist film “Ram ke Naam” (“In the Name of God') was disrupted by the ABVP (Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad), the student front of the RSS; and journalists of the Marathi newspaper Hamara Mahanagar who protested against their strong-arm tactics were stabbed and assaulted so brutally by the ABVP that several had to be hospitalised and one nearly died.
Clearly, the issue in Bombay is not antagonism between "Hindus’ and "Muslims, but an attempt by totalitarian organisations to control the whole life of the city. Many Bombay residents of all communities, proud of its cosmopolitan character and the ability of its diverse communities to live together peacefully and harmoniously, have been horrifed and shattered by recent events; they have made attempts to restore peace and provide relief to the surviving victims of the pogrom. But the grim truth is that they are simply not equipped to deal with the armed, organised violence of the Shiv Sena. The situation in Bombay is that those who have the will to restore peace lack the power to do so, while those who have the power to restore peace lack the will to do so. As long as this situation lasts, Bombay will remain in the grip of a lumpen fascist reign of terror.
BOOK REVIEW
n Intervention in Sri Lanka”
remarkable book time when the un rapprochement ited an ideal enational Indophiles the opinion mako lie low on both vide after the rise abhakaran. They etly glossing over ne of reason and Mao's slogan "the riend' is becoming
lectually fashionIrudent to sound h of secular India nal force in South ons, a wide spec
asingha (who has irship of the JVP ncluding its lead
er Rohana Wijeweera, was eliminated by the security forces), denounces federalism for Tamils because it would, according to him, lead to the Balkanisation of India (he, of course has to show he is worthy of his salt). At the other end of the Sri Lankan political spectrum the EPRLF argues with its usual devotion that the Tamil question cannot be resolved without India's active mediation.
Rohan's book therefore is a timely fissure in the bedrock of this so-called rational opinion on which Sri Lankan policy towards India is being relocated today. The conclusions of the book are no less interesting than the wide array of facts and stories it contains. The author it is obvious, set out originally to uncover and relate the tale of India's covert intervention in Sri Lanka after 1983. And he no doubt is the only person who could have done

Page 23
15 MARCH 1993
it, for I know not of anyone other than Mr. Rohan Gunaratne who has access to sensitive “information' at the RAW station and the CIA station in Colombo. (Footnotes to pp. 483, 488).
The author's original intention however has been undermined by the fact that his book follows the logic and sequence of what Delhi would have as the official narrative of its covert intervention in Sri Lanka. The logic and sequence of that narrative can be summarised thus: Sri Lanka under J.R. moves towards the West. India is apprehensive of the trend - creates a 'soft underbelly' by arming Tamil separatist groups in the north-east - exerts pressure through their activities - gains diplomatic leverage and influence over Colombo in becoming an indispensable third party in the resolution of the conflict - a power projection is made in the form of the IPKF to stabilise and consolidate the gains - build cordial relations with a Sri Lankan polity that has come to terms with India's role in the neighbourhood.
The logic embodied in the sequence has been successfully applied elsewhere by Delhi to create 'soft underbellies' in neighbouring countries and thereby facilitate strategic and/or diplomatic objectives. The Buddhist Chakma people of the Chittagong hill tracts in Bangladesh, the Bodos in West Bengal, the Sindhis and the Baluchis in Pakistan and the Pashtuns in Afghanistan are communities which India has found useful to enhance its influence in South Asia. The logic did not work when it was applied to the Tamil community.
The LTTE is today not only defiant of India but is in a position to create a 'soft underbelly' in Tamil Nadu to achieve its objectives. According to the sequence and logic of Delhi's official narrative this shouldn't have been sothe LTTE should have ended up may be a bit more powerful than the other groups but amenable to India's chastising power and geopolitical authority. But that did not happen.
Rohan Gunaratne does not explore the reason why? This is unavoidable when one depends too often on official narratives of India's intervention. He briefly and simply attributes the rise of the LTTE to the personal fancy of Chandrasekeran. (He says: “Chandrasekeran had by this time come to adore and admire the LTTE and its charismatic leader Prabhakaran to such an extent that RAW treated the LTTE in a very special way' - p. 17). This is not correct. The fact is that the LTTE made clever use of weaknesses in the Indian intelligence establishment to its advantage. Why did Chan
drasekeran, bet Tamil leaders as heyday, “come to LTTE. The an aspects: one, th Tamil militants
other, Chandra the Tamil leade red to the officia and those of R consider the que Lankan Tamil m
The question the boys were e vernacular educa not capable of (this attitude : analyses). Many Lankan fiasco a mat - a liberal hence less pron judices and qual a retired leader group about the tion had not trust beginning.
'We saw that Tamil in the bur gence services. H when it was clea not trust your o the ex-leader. TI patently surprise ber of Tamils be dran who were service.
They are all retired militant
The assessmen by some Tamil gr by two factors - Dravidian move] trines of the unde an naxalite group them to be wary o which dominated telligence service press and was Tamil interests. them to rupture t view of what had had sought India' national liberati where in the sub
These two facto nant in the t mahes waran a throughout their lhi. While Uma himself from Ind dialogue with the independent chan thereby antago Prabhakaran saw to build up the mil organisation wast tion that was di external intelliger
He quietly orgar

TAMIL TIMES 23
er known among the Chandran during his adore and admire the wer to this has two a way in which the fiewed the RAW, the 's relationship with s. It never had occuris of Delhi in general AW in particular to tion "what do the Sri ilitants think of us"?
never arose because sentially products of tion and as such were rational assessment till infects learned
years after the Sri
senior Indian diplominded Bengali, and 2 to the usual prens – happened to ask of an armed Tamil reason his organisaed the RAW from the
there was not one eaucracy and intelliow could we trust you r to us that you did wn Tamils' answered he officer who was d, mentioned a numeginning with Chansenior people in the
Brahmins' said the
it of Delhi's motives oups was conditioned - the tenets of the ment and the docerground South Indis. The former taught fa Brahmin network the bureaucracy, ins and sections of the essentially against The latter exhorted he link with India in befallen others who s assistance to wage on struggles elsecontinent. irs were quite domihinking of Umand Prabha karan elationship with Dettempted to delink a by establishing a TVP and by securing nels for arms supply, nising the RAW, that the safest way itary strength of his o exploit the corrupscernible in India's ce agency. ised an arms supply
network, got Baby Subramaniam and his men to cultivate Tamil nationalist groups in LTTE's long term interest, and began eliminating other groups to counter Delhi's divide and rule strategy among the Tamils.
And while he was doing all this
Prabhakaran,
endeared himself to the
RAW by carrying out massacres of Sinhala civilians whenever the prospect of talks became a reality. Then it was also known that from the betel chomping minor official at the coast to the senior hand in Delhi were only too glad to avail themselves of the exten
sive contacts
the LTTE had in the
west. If the former solicited bottles of Johnny Walker the latter could not resist a pure gold Rolex watch. There were also problems like obtaining green cards in the US. The LTTE was liberal with US dollars. The quid pro quo was always more weapons than what had been authorised officially. Thus the LTTE amassed more weapons than what the RAW could account for from its records when the
IPKF arrived.
The details of how the LTTE consciously and systematically exploited and utilized India's intelligence agency to become one of the most powerful military groups in the world can be written only if some senior member of the LTTE decides to speak. But that may never come to pass because unlike J.R. Prabhakaran knows that it is bad for business to reveal matter conducted confidentially with someone even if that person were to become one's bitter enemy.
For any one who studies RAW's involvement in the Sri Lankan ethnic conflict one question is bound to loom large - Was Chandran a true patriot?' He played a key role in making the pro-democracy movement in Nepal a success to consolidate India's influence there. (Rohan Gunaratne correctly informs us that Chandran is now retired and is reading for his Ph.D. at the Tribhuvan University in Nepal). He was involved in managing the Muktibhahini leadership in Calcutta before India walked into Pakistan.
Was the bungling of the Sri Lankan operation beyond his control? Gunaratne's book dwells very inadequately with the personality and role of Chandran. Many Tamilleaders would agree that he was between '84 and '87 the protagonist in the Sri Lankan conflict. The inexperienced Rajiv leaned on the RAW and the agency in turn depended
on Chandran
as Joshi, Saxena and
Verma came and went as the agency's
heads.
It would be difficult indeed to understand the rise of the LTTE as a
Continued on page 25
في

Page 24
24 TAMIL TIMES
NEWS ROUND-UP
OTHE TAMILTIGERS have petitioned seeking United Nations intervention to probe the Indian naval action in respect of the vessel M.V. Ahat and the resulting death of Tiger leader Sathasivam Krishnakumar (Kittu) and nine others on January 16. The petition alleges that on 13 January the ship M.V. Ahat was unlawfully intercepted by the Indian Navy in international waters when it was about 290 miles east of Hambantota in the south of the island of Sri Lanka and about 440 miles southeast of South India. The boat was carrying Sathasivam Krishnakumar (also known as Kittu), a senior Tamil leader and a founding member of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and several other members of the LTTE. At the time the ship was intercepted, Kittu was on a peace mission from Europe to Tamil Eelam. The interception and the subsequent actions of the Indian Navy were not only acts of piracy but also amount to unlawful detention. The fact that the interception occurred when Kittu was on a peace mission rendered the action a 'crime against peace' and therefore a "war crime'. In the petition sent from its London office, the LTTE has asked for the appointment of a UN Special Committee to function as a Tribunal to hear and investigate the gross violations of international law by the Indian Government as set out in the petition.
O THE ANGLICAN BISHOP of Colombo, Rt. Rev. Kenneth Fernando, who visited Jaffna in January and had discussions with Tiger leader V. Prabhakaran has said that he is to make a second visit to Jaffna to meet the Tiger leader for another round of talks. The Bishop recently called on the country’s leading prelate Ven. Rambukwella Sri Vipassi Mahanayake Thero of the Malwatte Chapter to seek assistance to include a representative of the Malwatte Chapter in the delegation that he intended to lead during his second visit. The Bishop told the Mahanayake that Mr. Prabhakaran had expressed his desire to meet a representative delegation of the Buddhist clergy from the south to work out ways and means to find a solution to the ethnic crisis.
Although the Mahanayake did not give a prompt response, he agreed to refer the Bishop's request to the Council of the Chapter after which the decision would be conveyed to the Mahanayake of the Asgiriya Chapter for a further discussion at a joint meeting of the two Chapters.
O THE FREE MEI which emerged durin context of a series of on journalists, held it in Colombo on 21 Ja over an estimated 1 people including pron men and opposition speakers emphasised paign for freedom ol directed not only at but also at opposit “those groups which an oblique reference the JVP.
OTHE U.S. AGENCY Development (USAID Lanka with Rs. 460, tional funding, acco agreements signed on the United States Am ta S. Schaffer and S Ministry of Finance am. The programme provide support in the tructure, agricultural al development, nat management and socia funds are in add $37,000,000 already USAID in recent year O THE RETURN OF Tamil refugees from been suspended accord litation Ministry sourc fied naval patrolling and Sri Lankan na across the Palk Strait, it would not be feasi fugees from Rames threat posed by 'Sea' an important factor suspension of ferryir ship. According to th Ministry, 29,000 already returned to Sl OTHE GOVERNMENT Elephant Pass route normal passage to the la, but the LTTE v civilian traffic on the military would use thi a drive to capture J LTTE. The Gover guarantee that securi not make use of the route to move into the la. O THE CONTINUATIO the Northeast of Sri L rode the 'great prospec ment in the island, th Ambassador Ms. Teres during a lecture on 'U an Economic Prospect vered in Colombo. Th excluding the North conducive for econon
the bleak picture shov

A MOVEMENT, last year in the physical attacks first public rally uary attracting to 12 thousand nent newspaper leaders. Many that their camexpression was She government on parties and ied for power' -- o the LTTE and
or International
will provide Sri 20,000 in addirding to grant 18 February by bassador Teresiecretary to the R. Paskaralings being funded
areas of infrasand technologicural resources ll welfare. These ition to over
committed by S
SRI LANKAN south India has ing to a Rehabie. With intensiby both Indian val authorities it was said that ble to ferry rethwaram. The Tigers' was also that led to the g refugees by Rehabilitation efugees have i Lanka.
had opened the
which is the Jaffna peninsuras disallowing round that the
road to launch affna from the nment would y forces would Elephant Pass Jaffna Peninsu
N of the war in unka could cors' of US invest
United States a Schaffer said
and Sri Lank” recently deliugh the areas and East are c investment, n on the inter
15ARCH 1993
national media about the war could withhold any potential international investors. It was vital for Sri Lanka to resolve the conflict as soon as possible and show the world that the country is economically viable.
OTHOUGH SRI LANKA has the highest rate of inflation, it can claim to have the highest per capital income among south Asian countries, according to a paper presented by a Bangladeshi expert, Mr. Anwaruddin Chowdhury, to a conference of the South Asian Federation of Accountants. The paper said that the countries in the region were characterised by essentially as low income economies on the basis of World Bank capita income classification. Sri Lanka ranked the highest with a per capita GNP of $470 followed by Pakistan and India with $380 and $350 respectively while those of Bangladesh and Nepal were $210 and $170 respectively. The annual GDP growth rates for 1991 were 6.4, 5, 4, 3.6 and 2.5 per cent for Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and India. According to the World Development Report for 1992, the inflation rate was the highest in Sri Lanka at 11 per cent followed by 9 per cent in Bangladesh and Nepal, 8 and 7 per cent in India and Pakistan respectively.
OSIX MORE DETAINEES, claimed by the police to be hardcore JVPers responsible for several murders, robberies and other associated crimes during 1988 and 89, recently escaped from the Pelawatte Detention Camp bringing the total number of escapees to 16 since October last year. Police are shocked at the manner they have escaped on three consecutive days despite tight security being thrown in and around the detention camp. The three escapees were identified as Somasiri de Silva alias Shantha of Nagolagama, Mudiyanselage Gunatilleke alias Sunil of Kadawatte and Padukkage Don Ratnasiri of Ganemulla.
O 905 CHILDREN died needlessly because of medical shortages in Sri Lanka's war-torn northern districts, according to a survey published in January. The children were among 14,416 people suffering from malaria and diarrhoea admitted to hospitals. Jaffna's health officials have repeatedly complained about the long delays in sending medical supplies from Colombo, and that only a fraction of what is needed is despatched to the north. Another recent survey indicates that in Jaffna almost 60 per cent of children are 20 per cent below average weight and over 5 per cent are seriously undernourished.

Page 25
15 MARCH 1993
Continued from page 19
appreciate this reality. It has reference to the question of the extent of devolution of powers but has sheepishly avoided any thought about the fact that the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement had provided tentatively a merger of the Northern and Eastern Provincial Councils. Basically what was provided in the Agreement was that the two Councils be merged ultimately only if the will of the people of the Eastern Province to do so could be ascertained in a referendum. The immediate merger stipulated there was conditional and on it depended the disarming of the LTTE. The LSSP is of the view that the only solution that can at present be acceptable to the Tamil people is an acceptance of such merger subject to those very same conditions.
An impossible War
If it is impossible to accept that contiguous territory inhabited by a majority of Tamil-speaking people should constitute a unit for the devolution of regional power, it must be regarded that no possibility exists of peaceful negotiation of a solution to the Sinhala-Tamil problem in the country. There would then be no
alternative but t solution by one through the gat military force.
Ten years of s solution have toda trate its complet first place, neithe: to mobilise suff material resource tating military v. Any attempt to do common ruin of bo In the second pla Tamil chauvinists dent on foreign supplies and fina pursue their milit sides have alrea when these suppl withheld from the is immediately e the common peopl reached the point with this war w) stands and only desire. Large-scale Sinhala armed f drying up of recru forces have becom nomenon. In other is impossible, it is continue the war.
Continued from page 23
powerful military force without Chandran.
His ideas and beliefs had a critical effect in shaping academic and media opinion which was a necessary adjunct to the emergence of the Tigers as a decisive factor in Indo-Lankan relations. His discussions with N. Ram who was editor of Hindu at that time were crucial in this respect.
His relationship with the Tamil group was also to a great extent determined by his ability to speak Tamil. Hence he was able to develop more than an official connection with them. There are those who argue that things might have been different if he had been a North Indian.
He is not a Tamil Brahmin from Tanjore as Rohan Gunawardena claims but a Pattar Brahmin of Palghat, on the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border.
Mr. Gunaratne again dwells only briefly on another important issue in RAW's intervention in Sri Lanka. In fact he, perhaps out of prudence, prefers not to mention the critical role played by an ex-Sinhala revolutionary in shaping Chandran's views on the JVP.
Chandran com revolutionary who in Delhi at that ti fully plotting to o ernment and who hit list, to produce brilliant report on argued against with the JVP).
India first atte contact with the Indian Tamil bus known to Upatiss jeweera's lengthy : central committee perused by the RA to have contacted Trincomalee. The vincial council col could fully exploit
RAW however di ly isolate Premad groundwork for a ment in the future
Today, one cou. thing appears to be India and Sri Lank of Somawansa Am
Rohan Gunarat intended to create in future Indo-Lar conclusion subvert
"The legitimacy (

TAMIL TIMES 25
o seek to impose a side on the other hering of superior
earching for such a ly served to demonse absurdity. In the r side has the ability icient human and s to inflict a devasictory on the other. so will result in the oth contending sides. e, both Sinhala and are heavily depensources for military uncial assistance to ary endeavour. Both ly reached a point ies are likely to be m if no kind of peace stablished. Thirdly, e on both sides have , of total disillusion nich nobody undera self-seeking few desertions from the orces and a virtual itment to the armed Le a significant phewords, even if peace 2qually impossible to
The Government of Sri Lanka must, therefore, be compelled to realise that it has an obligation to confront Sinhala chauvinism in order to serve the country's true interests. The right to a contiguous Tamil territory as a unit of
power-devolution is both a right de
mand, an irresistible demand and a demand that serves also the true interests of the people of the whole of Sri Lanka. There is no alternative to it. At the same time, the sharing of power between centre and periphery detailed in the 13th Amendment and the Provincial Councils Act must not be curtailed in any way. If at all it must be improved. Land and responsibility for law and order necessarily belong to the Provincial Councils.
The LTTE may not appear to endorse this approach to peace at this juncture. In any case, there cannot be any opening of negotiations with them unless they first undertake to surrender their arms and participate in a multi-party political system. If the peace-makers can reach out to the masses of all parts of the country and construct an extensive front to bring about the stoppage of this war, it won't be long before even the LTTE cadres begin to think more critically of their present ways.
missioned the ex) was living in exile me after unsuccessverthrow J.R.'s gov) was also on JVP's
what is said to be a the JVP (the report RAW's involvement
mpted to establish
JVP through an inessman who was a Gamanayake. Wireport to the party's was secured and W. Chandran seems the JVP through
TNA and the pro .
lapsed before RAW the connection.
id not want to totalasa. But did some possible rapproche
ld say that everygoing fine between a despite the doings arasinghe. he's book is clearly a critical sensibility nkan relations. His s that intention.
of India's role in Sri
Lanka vis-a-vis the LTTE could even justify another phase of intervention in Sri Lanka.” (P. 484).
A little later he asserts in his concluding paragrph 'whether we like it or not, the LTTE supremo Prabhakaran has emerged as the de facto leader of the Sri Lankan Tamils" (p. 488). This, I think, is a curious situation. The RAW's involvement in the Sri Lankan Tamil problem will remain a tale riddled with dead ends and curiosities and as such will attract, perhaps dangerously, more story tellers trying to be cleverer than the other. What will fascinate them at the core would be the question - Was it patriotism bungled or patriotism sold?
Unni Krishnan, a RAW official who handled the Sri Lankan Tamil affair in Colombo and in Madras was uncovered as a CIA mole in the service. In prison he told a naxalite leader who was released before him. "There was someone else above me.' Thus the tale lives on.
- by Taraki
Private Tuition i°ure/Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Physics O/A Level. Homes visited. Tel: O81 8643227

Page 26
26 TAM TIMES
CASSED ADS
First 20 words 10. Each additional word 60p. Charge for Box No. 3. (Vat 17/2% extra)
repayment essential The Advertisement Manager, Tani Times Ltd, PO Box 121
Sutton, Surrey SM 3TD Phone: 08-644. O972
MATRIMIONAL Jaffna Hindu brother seeks partner for Sister, 33, LL.B., working as legal officer in reputed firm in Colombo. Please send details. M644 C/o armi innes.
Jaffna Hindu engineer seeks partner for his qualified accountant brother, 31, employed in U.K. Horoscope and other details please. Confidentiality assured. M 645 C/o Tamil Tines.
Hindu parents seek professional qualified groom in his forties for engineer daughter, British citizen. Send details M 646 C/o Tanni Times.
international Design Consultant, son, US citizen, respectable Sri Lankan Tamil, educated UK Masters degree, enjoying good successful life with world-trade appreciation, internationally famous, prosperous, 6, fair, Smart, handsOne, 42, seeks attractive, tall, fair, slim, qualified lady, 28-34 years, religion, nationality no bar. Send details, photo to 35 Lafayette Avenue, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA Or Tel: O81-6859794 (UK). Uncle seeks suitable Tamil partners willing settle Australia for culturally and religiously oriented girls, Hindu 28, Catholic 27. Both professional degree holders Australian Universities. Box 1229, Carindale 4152, Brisbane, Australia.
Cultured Jaffna Hindu parents seek pretty, qualified (minimum graduate) girl with good family background for their professional, doctorate son, 28, (Mars), in good employment (U.K.). Send details and horoscope. M 649 C/O armis inneS.
WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couples on their recent wedding.
Dr. Kesavan son of Mr. & Mrs. N. Shanmugananthan, Montreal Road, Ilford, Essex and Girija, daughter of Dr. & Mrs. N. Sahadevarajah, 6 Rectory Garth, Hemeworth, W. Yorks, at Park Hill School Hall, Stanmore, Middx. On 28. 1 1.93.
Matching Horoscopes For marriage compatibility contact M. Sivarajah. Tel: O81-7678699.
Lease for Sale
Grocery and Vegetable shop with potential to add Wine and beer, situated in town Centre on the bus route and near to the B. R. station in south-west London. Renewable lease for sale. £24,750 plus S.a. v. plus legal fees. Turnover £2,500 per week. Contact E 59 C/o Tamil Times.
Sivananthy, beloved Bavane, sister of Mrs. nayagam, and Mrs. S. an passed away in Ul all for their messag support during the per Sivayogaiswaran, 3
Coldfield, Birmingham
Two dearly beloved Mr. & Mrs. A.M. E Sabaratnam & Mrs.
Mrs. Leela Sabaratina Jaffna. She was the l Sabaratnam, moth (Texas), Sиgитaran, kumaran (all of Vanco (Canada), Shantini (CC (Jafna); mother-in-law Balakrishnan, Punitha, ni, Rajani and Kumuth
Mrs. Kamala Johnpill or 5.3.93. She was th late Victor Johnpillai, (both of New Zealanc Patricia (Bermuda); m thi, Mary Anne and Sh of A.M. Brodie (Austra jah, Thirugnanam (Col Mrs. Saraswathy Ka Pushpa Candiah (bo Gunawathy Shakespe, Yogarajah (both of number of grandch nephews.
We cannot forget the together at Brodie H. Souls rest in peace - and Mrs. P. Yogarajah
Nagalingam Sanm 3.7.1920; died 8.2, 199. General Secretary Party (Maoist), and Ge Ceylon Trade Union F. late Parameswary; fɛ Thambirajah; brother and Mr. N. SivathaSan M.S. Thambirajah : Sathyan.
Expired in Birmingh 13.2, 1993 at Solihull, E
Nanny Nanny/Mother's location. Please ring
 
 

15 MARCH 1993.
ARIES
daughter of the late Sai Sivashanthy Perinbaivayogi SivayogaisWarK. On 6, 1.93. We thank es of Sympathy and iod of grief- Mr. & Mrs. New Leasow, Sutton
B76 BY
daughters of the late Brodie - Mrs. Leela Kamala Johnpillai.
rm died on 28. 2.92 irn beloved wife of Mr. C. er of Sivakumaran Sooriakuimaran, Selvauver), Shanthikumaran lombo) and Suvendrini of Ganeshasunderam, Dhanushala, Sharmia。
ai died in New Zealand he beloved wife of the mother of Rohan, Ajit i), Hiran (Vancouver), Other-in-law of Vasanaran. They are sisters Ilia), late Navaratnaraombo), late Singarajah, nagasabapathy, Mrs. th of Canada); Mrs. are and Mrs. Pathina ..ondon) and have a ildren, nieces and
happy life, we all lived puse. May these vo Mrs. G. Shakespeare
ugathasan - born 3.
of Ceylon Communist 'neral Secretary of the ederation. Husband of ther of Mrs. Radha of Mr. N. Kugathasan ; Father-in-Law of Dr. and Grandfather of
ann. Funeral held or Birmingham.
Wanted help wanted. Nice
(0908) 665610.
IN MEMORAM
in loving memory of Sebamanie Florence Tambyrajah, on the first anniversary of her passing away on 3rd March 1992 after an aCCidental fall af horme.
Dearly loved wife of Robin, devoted mother of Christine, Anton, Mahendran, Rajah, Balachandiran, Dinkie, Suhanthamalar and Yohini; mother-in-law of Doris, Tony, Helmut, Anja, Elke and Cuckoo and much loved grandmother - 19 Bramall Court, Peterborough PE3 6RD.
SS
in loving memory of GobyPathmanathan Ofi the first anniversary of his passing away on 22nd March 1992.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by his parents, sister Meera, other members of the family, friends and relatives. A poojah in his memory will be held at his parent's residence on 10th April 1993 - 401 Ley Street, Ilford, Essex IG† 4AB, UK Tel: O81-47.82648.
In lowing memory of Dr. Sinnathamby Selvarajah, Retired Registered Medical Practitioner, Kantharmadan, Jaffna on the first anniversary of his passing away on 25th March 1992.
He was the loving husband of Thanaluxmy; father of Dr. Yoganathan, Dr. Yogaranjitham (both of U.K.), Mrs. Jeyaranjitham, Mr. Eswaranathan (U.K.); father-in-law of Manjula, Dr. Navaratnam (both of U.K.) and the late Mr. Sivalingam and grand father of Mahesh, Nilusha, Govardhan, Janardhan (U.K.), Bhiranavan and Sivanjali (Sri Lanka),

Page 27
15 MARCH 1993
IN MEMORAM
Dr. Indramohan Kamagasabai 2O246
Sarojini Visvendran née Kanagasabai Born 8.941
Rest 2aag
Both of you from the same brood Blessed with good heart and noble deed Loved and cared for, all in need Sadly called to rest without time to share With each and every one you did care The shock is fading slowly But not the love and affection we shared Fondly remembered by the families and relatives.
- T. Visvendran, 27 Cromwell Road Stevenage, Herts, U.K. Tel: 0438 356533.
1.4.92
in Loving Memory of Our Beloved
Daddy Mummy Ponnampalam Venmalaramee Kanagaratnam Kanagaratnam
1O.7.1923
Born: 11.10, 1908
Rest 23, 1982 313.90 Gently with love your memory is kept Your affection and kindness We will never forget You both are always in our thoughts And for ever in Our hearts
Remembered with love and affection by sons Sara, Brem and Dubsy; daughters-inlaw Lalitha and Shyamala; and grandchildren Janarthan, Mehala, Uthistran, Arani and Anuja. - 19 Huxley Place, Palmers Green, London N135SU. Tes: O81 886 5966.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
April 2 6.30pm Colombothurai Sri Yogar Swamigal Abisekham and Guru poojah at Sri Ganapathy Temple, Efra Road, London SW19. Apr. 36.30pm Paddum Parathamum in aid of Sri Murugan Temple Building Fund by Sujatha Chandran (Vocal) and Sharmini Rajagopal (Bharatha Natyam) at Acton Town Hall, Acton High Street, London W3. Tel: 08-4788.433/205 1089. Apr. 36.30pm Seventh Anniversary Cultural Evening of Institute of Tamil Culture at Holy Cross Convent School Hall, Sandal Road, New Malden, Surrey, Tel: 081-399 6167.
Apr. 4 Pirathosam. Apr. 5 Panguni Uththiram. Apr. 6 Full Moon. Apr. 8 Maundy Thursday. Apr. 9 Good Friday.
Apr. 10 Holy Saturday,
Apr. 11 Easter Sunday; Union, Tamil New Yeal Claremont High School Middx.
Apr. 14 Srimugu Hindu Apr. 17 Ekathasi
Apr. 18 5.30pm London Sentis "Dance Drama” Me the Brent Town Hall, Fo Middx. Tel: O81-904 393,
Apr. 19 Pirathosam. Apr. 21 Amavasai. Apr. 23 St. George's Day
Apr. 24 Karthigai. Apr. 25 Chaurthi.
May 1 Eastern Fine Arts F Carnatic Flute Recital by at Wembley High Schoc Wembley, Middx. Tel: 08
At the Bhavan Centre Road, London W14 9 308.6/4608.
Apr. 2 7.45pm Mohini At mar and Group.
Apr. 4 10.30am Benefit P Concert by Padma Vibush
Apr. 105.30pm Lecture Sri Mathoor Krishnamurth
Арт. 24 5.30рт Lecture o Art" by Dr. John Marr.
Apr. 24 7.00pm Bengali Dance Drama.
Apr. 30 7.45pm Karmatic Jayaporakash.
Manipay Hindu A At the meeting of the a Hindu College held at Sl Church Hall, Surbiton, Sur M. Perayiravar, Principal On a brief visit to the U. Hindu College was not b minutes on Colonial educ decreed the college to turn men loyal to the establishi Saiva vision which gave pr fulfilment over society's n tured by Saiva Savants lik nandar and his worthy St. grateful to them and th message that human life is the soul to learn, to gro maturity fulfilment and fre learning process.
"How difficult would it b living in a foreign clime to the culture-Conflict. It is C pass on at least a little of c to our children in the U.K. discover their own identity dom through their own lan The many institutes of Ta U.K. are addressing them cult problem and may thei many Anandakumaraswa, happy amalgam of both Crowned with success.'
The following were ele for the ensuing year. F Rajamanoharan, Vice-P Kethulingam, Secretary:
 
 
 
 
 
 

iath uirthi.
.30pm Herts Tamil Dinner - Dance at l, Kenton, Harrow,
2w Year.
amil Institute prematchi Kalyanamat y Lane, Wembley, 9093f 13.
omotions presents
i K. Jananayagam Hall, East Lane,
2058214.
4A Castletown Q. Te: O71 381
am by Tara Rajku
erformance - Sitar an Ravi Shankar.
on "Mahabhata' by
"History of Indian
Music & Tagore's
Vocal by Jahnavi
Alumni Meet
lumni of Manipay Mathews Parish ey on 28.2.93, Mr. Emeritus, who was K. said: "Manipay filt on Macaulay's ation, which then out black Englishment, but on Hindu le of place to life's eds carefully nurPrincipal VipulaCessors. We are
college for the an opportunity for
and evolve into dom through the
for a Hamil child me to terms with r sacred duty to rancient Wisdom p enable thern to dignity and freelage and culture. il Culture in the lves to this diffifforts to produce /s, the rich and st and west be
ld office bearers sident: Mr. K. sident: Mr. S. 'r. T. Skanda,
TAM TIMES 27
Asst. Secretary: Mr. A. Thirumoolan, Treasurer: R. Anibalahan, Asst. Treasurer: K. Jayaseelan, Committee Members: Mrs. Y. Thadohanamoorthy, Mr. A. Balakrishnan, Mr. A. Yogaratnam, Mr. K. Varatharajan and Mr. M. Jayathevan.
Herts. Tamil Union Sends Humanitarian Aid
The Tamil Union of Herts. in its tenth year of existence has decided that The need of the hour as their priority function for the next decade and intends to step up their efforts to provide humanitarian aid to the suffering Tamils.
in the past the members have through their voluntary efforts donated cash and necessities of life to several orphanages and refugee organisations in the north and east of Sri Lanka in addition to maintaining the Herts. Tamil School based at Parkgate Junior School, Watford without external funds or
eSOLICeS.
Recent acknowledgements have been received for their shipments of basic necessities of life including opticals and hearing aids etc along with a donation of £1000 sent to Orphanages run by (a) Ramakrishna Mission, Batticaloa (b) Durgapuram, Tellippalai (c) Hindu Board of Education, Thirunelvely and (d) Bishop's House, Jaffna have enthused the members to organise another fund raising event in the form of a Tamil New Year Dinner Dance on Sunday, 11th April at 6.30pm at Claremont High School Hall, Kenton, Harrow, Middx. Tickets are available from Mr. Logan Rasiah - Tel: O923 662811, Mr. M.P. Ganeshan - Tel: 0442 252664 and Dr. S. Sabaratnam - Tel 0923226000
Arrangements have been made for large scale collection of used medical aids, artificial limbs during early summer.
The Late Kailasapillay Kandasamy - A Great and True Centralite
Kantha's connections with Jaffna Centre College covers a period of about half
century. He joined the college in the early 1940s as a student of the primary section ano
retired in May 1991 as Deputy Principal. When he married Manonmany the only daughter of Alfred Edward Tamber, Principal Emeritus of Jaffna Central College he became heir to a legacy of Tamber Family's association with Jaffna Central College for two generations. Kantha's close and long association with the lofty traditions of Jaffna Central College has enriched his life and service to become a great and true Centralite. Jaffna Central College is unique in many ways. All Christian colleges founded in the early part of the British rule in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) were named after Christian saints, but Jaffna Central College was an exception to this general trend. A spirit of centralism in all matters physical, mental and spiritual and a broad vision free from class, Creed and caste distinctions seem to have dominated the aspirations of the founders. The mutual inspiration and appreciation between the first principal Rev. Peter Percival and his student Arumuga Navalar who later became the Hindu revivalist, confirms the liberal, and
Continued on page 28

Page 28
28 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 27
nationalistic values Jaffna Central College fostered. Central has also pioneered progressive thinking in education. "Kantha' imbibed these educational, social and cultural values.
I came to know the late Kandasamy in 1952 when joined the staff of Central as a teacher. He was my worthy colleague till I retired in December 1982. During this period I enjoyed his pleasant company and valuable friendship in all School and Social activities. I also admired his deep love and loyalty to his Alma Mater. He was well known for his indomitable courage to initiate changes and face challenges. He never failed to fight for what he thought was right. A series of events can be mentioned to illustrate my point but for the sake of brevity I shall mention a few. Jaffna has always been the home of scholars; Educationalists, professionals, academics and political leaders have emerged from the North to lead the rest of Ceylon. After 1956 there was a sinister move to reverse this tide by unfair standardisation and regional restrictions in University admissions. A constructive way of overcoming some of the obstacles confronted by our students was through special student preparation in studies, Kandasamy plunged into this attempt at great risk to his position and organized YARL HALL, a centre of extra tuition for university entrance students. This institute of specialist teachers became very popular and was a success in many ways. It continues to this day as a living monument to his organising abilities.
During the 'Operation Fort Campaign' by
the Security Forces, damaged and a chan mended by the Depart was against moving Ce it had been for nore th years. He whipped up students, the parents around the college. T. the true and great Ce stands where it was. A vice president of the O.B.A. he was instrum damaged buildings í blocks,
The liberal attitude a which Kantha learned Central College is evi too. He is a Hindu anc Christian but religious family more than ever. Church with the nother the father. The children both religions and fre maturity according to t
Kandasamy's death timely, He departed guidance and help wer family with all five child On the First Anniversal his family - his wife Jeyashankar, Vijayshal daughters Mythili, Kaus Mabel Tamber - in the and Service based on Dei Optimi Maximi”.
N
(Retired Principal, Jaffr
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15 MARCH 1993
Central was heavily
ge of site was recom
"ment. Mr. Kandasamy 2ntral away from where han a hundred and fifty
the loyalty of the past
and the community hanks to Kandasamy, intralite, today Central s Deputy Principal and
Jaffna Branch of the
ental in renovating the
and putting up new
and religious tolerance to respect at Jaffna
dent in his private life
i his wife an Anglican -
differences united the The family went to the and to the temple with have grown to respect !e to Choose in their heir preferences. Was Sudden and unat a time when his
e most needed by his
en yet in their studies. y of his death we join 2 Manonmany, sons nkar, Thayalashankar, ika and mother-in-law air prayers for his life the motto "lin Gloriam
I.S. Rathinasingham, a Central College).
Kalabhavanam Presents Saraswathi Packiaraja
The South London Fine Arts Centre, KALABHAVANAM, which flagged off last June with a classical Concert by Manorama Krishna Prasad of Bangalore, has now proved worthy of its declared objective. In selection of artistes, and programmes and selective in presentation with the aim of unlocking the mysteries in the fundamentals of classicism Kalabhavanam has maintained a high profile in the art world of London.
After a highly rated Kuchipudi dance by a talented Andhra artiste Kalpana Srinivas in January last, the projection of the reputed Carnatic musical Trinity - Thiagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri- to the local audience, with an expert exposition of their musical genius has now established the lofty aim and purpose of Kalabhavanam.
in the cosy atmosphere of a small sized auditorium in Whitehorse Road, Croydon, on Sunday 28th February, Smt. Saraswathi Packiaraja presented some selected compositions from the krities of the musical Trinity in their true and unique forms, Saraswathi is a mature musician brought up in the traditional school under great masters. Sri P. P. Kanthan, a well known rasika and a great connoisseur of classical music gave an expert introduction to the compositions of the trio which enlightened the audience. Dr. Manjubhashini Sivanathan who compered the programme added a new dimension to the programme, Tiruvarur Kothandapani on the violin and Muthu Sivaraja on the mridangam gave suitable accompaniment to the Vocal reCital.
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Page 29
15 MARCH 1993
Closing date for completed grid 30 April 1993.
and coupon to be received is
Answers and the name of the winner - first all correct entry
pulled out of a bag - will be issue.
announced in the May 1993
The winner will recolve a prize of £10.00 sterling.
All entries should be sent to: Sutton, Surrey SM13TD, UK.
Across.
1. Chinna Yalpanam, a Colombo suburb (10) 10. A destructive period of time in the life of our planet (3,3) 11. The lioness that won the hearts of so many (4) 13. Counted and marked (8) 16. - East (3) 17. Forcibly removed out of a country (8)
19. Charged particles (4) 22. This group demands a republican state, with horrendous violence (3) 23. Southeast Asian island republic famed for its Malay-PolynesianChinese-Indian culture (11) 27. Printer's measure, (3) 28. A book of the Bible (6) 30. His Excellency (2) 32. A popular pet in Sri Lanka but a pest in the Seychelles (4) 33. Bachelor of Divinity (2) 35. Without one, public transport suburban travel could be quite tiresome (4) 36. Some use a shower, others a bath for which this is needed (3) 38. There are many in a pod (4) 30. In parent-child relationship, this denotes a strong attraction of the opposite sexes (7) 43. With tea, it is sweet and nice (6) 44. Angry (5)
Temporary residence in a place 4.
st
46. Not out (2) 47. Genial 1975 Wimbledon Men's
Tamil Times, P.O. Box 121,
3 .” :: an unfortunate victim of a Cruel illness (4)
Down: 1. Manitoba's provincial capital, a lovely city (8) 2. Britain's unhappy currency system prospect (3) 3. A juice could be this if its citric (8) 4. A place to hold experiments (3) 5. Physical state of an elderly person (4)
6. We are, briefly (4) 7. Just anote, remember Suund of Music (2) 8. Felt confused (4) 9. Robust and strong (5) 12. Good to enclose this when a reply is expected, abb. (3) 14. Though not a parasite, needs the support of another plant (8) 15. Member of a warlike Hellenic people (6)
18. Maori chief (9) 20. Unit of electrical resistance (3) 21. Sri Lanka, abb. (2)
徽 Third largest satellite of Jupiter 25. Example in short (2) 26. Jewish and Christian day of rest (7)
29. I would in short (2) 31. Written composition (5)
Native people of New Zealand
、 羲
34. A distinct religion-based community (4)
37. Tropical trees (4) 38. Footlike part in a tree (3)
Continued from page 15
motto. They have gone to the extent of financing and backing another Tamil weekly, "CANADA EELANADU, in an obvious bid to undermine Jeyaraj's “SENTHAMARAI and other independent Tamil publications numbering over fifteen in Metropolitan Toronto alone.
On 1 January 1993, the editor of the Tiger-supported "CANADA EELANADU’ abused Jeyaraj verbally on the telephone and threatened him with bodily harm. On the night of 14 February, though not a journalist or writer, I.N. Ranjan who parades himself as the editor of the "CANADA EELANADU' was present at the Science Centre and was seen in the company of the assailants at the scene of the incident in which Jeyaraj was attacked.
Jeyaraj was returning home after watching a movie at the Science Centre auditorium when two young Tamils accosted him in the car park and complained about a news report in the “SENTHAMARAI’. This particular report contradicted the Tiger claim that India had promised through the Quakers safe passage to Kittu (who
committed suicide M.V. Ahat when Indian Navy on 16 went back on its w death. The other entered the scen attack. Sources clo, that the assailants associated with senior leader of th 'World Tamil Mo "CANADA EELAN jan, who attends a aspects of the produ weekly in Cana THAMILAR”.
Tamil Tiger sup have on earlier occ: of anti-media acti ated with "THAYA dependent Tamil been critical of the subjected to conti and intimidation, which this journal made targets of att ers terrorised and ing it. Another broadcaster, Ila plained to the po
Numania

TAMIL TIMES 29
UIZ CROSSWORDS - No. 25. Compiled by: Richards
ຫຼິ
According to a particular style 3
40. A princess in distress (2) 42. Sheltered side (3)
uiz Crosswords - 23: Solutions.
Cross: 1. Christmas. 9. We. 11. Haiti. 12. Apiary. 14. Upland. 16. Bee. 17. lects. 19. Bat. 20. Do. 22. IQ. 23. Lake. 24. In. 25. August. 28. Ka. 29. Narrates. 2. Ugh. 33. Nauseate, 34. Le 35. Dons. 36. Around. 37. Ailed. 41. Eastern.43.
ellets. 44. Tea.
own: 1. Chundikulam. 2. Hap. 3. Rile. 4. Italian. 5. Sine qua non. 6. Ma. 7. pes. 8. SI. 9. Wreak. 10. Eyelet. 13. ABBA. 15. DC. 18. Taurus. 21. Onager. 23. TTE. 26. Grandee. 27. SAS. 30. Eaglet. 31. ST. 35. Dual, 37. Ass. 38. it. 39.
re. 40. DNA. 42. At.
wMiss Christine Arulrajah, 12 Glenthorpe Road, Morden, Surrey, 4 4W.
on board the ship intercepted by the January), and then ord and caused his armed youth then 2 and began the e to Jeyaraj testify are persons closely Uthayakumar, a e LTTE sponsored rement' and with ADU' editor Ranso to the technical ction of the LTTE's da, “ULAHATH
orters in Toronto sions been accused ity. Those associGAM’, another in7eekly which has Tigers, have been uous harassment and the shops in as being sold were ck and shop keepevented from sellommunity radio bharathy, com*e last year that
three bullets were fired upon his door after being abused on the telephone. On many an occasion, meetings and functions organised by persons holding independent or contrary views to those of the LTTE have been violently disrupted.
Tamil-Muslim Unity Urged
Maruthoor Gani, Senior Vice Presi
dent of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress has issued a statement that: until and unless the Tamil Muslim parties get together by recognising their individuality, security and regional rights and speak out in one voice no solutions could be found for the North East problem. The Muslim Congress was compelled to enter into a dialogue with communal parties and to accept conditional demerger because the Tamil parties were not willing to recognise the rights of the Muslims. In as much as Sinhalese chauvinists deny the rights of the Tamils, the Tamil chauvinists also deny the rights of the Muslims. He further said that if they agree for the division of the East it is the Tamil parties who will be held responsible for it.
ནས་ཡབ་ 

Page 30
_་30 TAMIL TIMES
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15 MARCH 1993
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