கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: Tamil Times 1993.07

Page 1
Tamil
Mo XII. No,7 ISSN 0266-44EE 15 JU
JEA/Air Ε ΣΤΟ Γ'
R EITCHER,
فقیت غ Flash-back to July 1983 - Tenth anniv Sri Lanka — in London over I 5,000 pe(
 

ה 4.
ersary of the July 1983 anti-Tamil violence in ople demonstrated in protest on 27 July 1983

Page 2
2 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 3
15 JULY 1993
CONTENTS
Move towards National Government. .. 5 Govt.-LTTE deal on POWs collapses... 6
Τ
ISS
ANNUA
Militarism scuttles peace moves. . . . . . . 7
UKMinda/Sri Referendum proposal denounced. . . . . 10 Canada. . .
All other cou Udugampola's return and Rule of Law. 11 Kobbekaduwa Commission's findings. 12 ואז SUTON
Views expressed by contributors are mot necessarily those of the editor or the publishers.
UNI
Phor
A DECADE OF CO
It is ten years since Sri Lanka was rocked by outburst of unprecedented violence and the islanc Tamil community went through its most tragic a traumatic experience. To characterise the ma sacre, pillage and arson directed at the Tat people of Sri Lanka in July 1983 as a 'race-riot' is misnomer. It was not a case of the Sinhala major and the Tamil minority fighting it out with each oth with the government and state law enforceme agencies playing an independent role in an effort restore law and order and protect the victims a apprehending the perpetrators of the Violenc Instead what happened "was a series of delibere acts, executed with a concerted plan, Conceiv and organised well in advance'. (Report of t International Commission of Jurists, March 198 p.76). It was violence of pogromatic proportions which sections of the ruling party including sor cabinet ministers, the army and the police enco aged, aided, abetted, and in many instances activ
y participated
ln the orgy of violence that engulfed the Tam, the most gruesome act of criminality was enact within the walls of the high security Welikade pris in Colombo when 52 Tamil prisoners held undert infamous Prevention of Terrorism Act were hack and Clubbed to death within their cells on 25 and July 1983. Although the government claimed t the victims were massacred by fellow Sinh prisoners, some of those who escaped ha asserted that the attacks were Carried Out prisoners convicted on murder, rape and burgli handpicked by prison warders under the supel Sion of the deputy jail superintendent aided a abetted by the army and security guards.
The fact that the government failed to appoint impartial commission to inquire into the July 19 violence and the prison massacres with a view identifying and punishing those who conspir masterminded and Carried them out demonstral its total lack of concern for a people in respect whom they have the effrontery to claim power to r and from whom they demand allegiance. T horrors of July 1983 and the government's dema strable lack of concern for the affected people ma even those among the Tamil community who h previously been sceptical about the idea of Separate state to think and act more seriously ab its prospects.

TAMIL TIMES 3.
CONTENTS
- Arrest of Tamils in Colombo - Amnesty N 0266-4488 international protest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 SUBSCRIPTION Tamil refugees in Sri Lanka & the West. 16
ka. . . E10/USS20 - n. ( Rajiv Gandhi assassination case. . . . . 19 Intries. . . £15/USS30 Published by New directions for Tamil struggle. . . . . 22 LTESTO New station for Voice of America. . . . . 29 O. Box 12
SURREY SM13To r:: − − TED KINGoo The publishers assume no responsibility for return of
Mei: 081-644 3972 unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and artwork.
NTINUING CONFLICT
The ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka, once regarded as
f's a purely domestic problem, soon became a regional d and an international issue after the violent events of 's- July 1983 with tens of thousands of Tamils landing nil in foreign lands seeking refuge and security. The a ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and the suffering inflicted ity upon the people by the government with its con2r, tinuing military operations became topics for discus!nt sion and criticism of the Sri Lankan government in to foreign capitals, parliaments and international fora. nd Year after year, at the United Nations Commission ce. on Human rights and other international conferte ences, there were denunciations of Sri Lankas ed record of gross human rights violations. he With the enactment of the Sixth amendment to the j4, constitution which required Members of Parliament to forswear the advocacy of a separate state, the TULF MPs who refused to take the required oath were literally ousted from Parliament. Progressively the TULF became sidelined as the Tamil militant groups grew in strength and numbers after July is, 1983 with large numbers of youth flocking to join ed them. With bases, offices and training facilities on provided in India, and the government there adopthe ing a supportive attitude towards the Tamil cause, ed the Tamil militant groups began to determine the 27 course of Tamil politics and the plight of the people. at One of the debilitating factors has been the intense ala rivalry and internecine armed conflicts among the ve Tamil militant groups which sought to act indepenby dently of each other. Among the militant groups, the any Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), widely vi- believed to be the most regimented and organised, nd regarded and asserted itself as the sole representative of the entire Tamil people thus denying any role an for any other group or party. In seeking to achieve 83 the status of the 'sole representative, the Tigers to succeeded in physically liquidating most of the 2d, cadres and leaders of other groups and driving out ed the rest from the Tamil areas. Even the leaders of
of the unarmed TULF were gunned down. ule Even before the Tamil people had recovered from he the fate that befell them in July 1983, the Sri Lankan on- government began a sustained campaign of military de operations in the northeast. In the period between ad 1984 and 1986, thousands of Tamil youth were a rounded up, transported to detention camps in the
Dit
s

Page 4
4 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 3
south of the island where many of them were subjected to torture and inhuman treatment. In
sustained military operations in the north and east during the same period, thousands of properties
and sometimes whole villages were destroyed.
Tens of thousands have been killed or mained for life.
The peace moves initiated by India failed one after another as the conflict continued. Beginning with the Annexure C proposals authored by G. Parthasarathy in late 1983, the All Party Conference which commenced in January 1984 and ended ingloriously in October 1984, the failed negotiations at Thimpu in Bhutan in the middle of 1985 to the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of July 1987, the Indian government had been making continuing efforts to bring about a resolution of the conflict without SCCSS.
After the failure of the Thimpu talks, the Sri Lankan government sought to impose a military Solution by escalating military operations throughout 1986, and by the beginning of 1987 was seeking to overrun the Jaffna peninsula with its 'Operation Liberation. It was at this time that India, having warned Sri Lanka that it would not permit a military defeat upon the Tamils, flexed its muscle with its own 'Operation Poomalai' when Indian transport planes accompanied by Mirage fighters dropped "humanitarian aid' into Jaffna. This was soon followed by the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement.
Many hoped that the Agreement providing for devolution of power to a merged Northeast Provincial Council would have offered an opportunity for settling the conflict. The presence of the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) also gave the people of the Northeast, who had suffered enormously at the hands of the Sri Lankan security forces, a sense of security and reassurance. However, the expectations of peace and the feeling of reassurance were Soon to be shattered with the outbreak of confrontation between the IPKF and the Tamil Tigers in October 1987. During this confrontation that lasted until December 1989, the people were subjected to untold atrocities by the IPKF with massive loss of lives and destruction of property particularly in the northern areas. There were those among the Tamil community who garlanded and welcomed the IPKF on its arrival but were glad to see them depart in March 1990.
Then expectations were raised among the people when the LTTE commenced negotiations with President Premadasa in April 1989. After fourteen months of negotiation, and the LTTE having obtained virtual territorial control of the Northeast, and within three months of the departure of the IPKF, fighting broke out in June 1990 between government forces and the LTTE which developed into a total war engulfing the entirety of the northeast. This war, described as Eelam War ll, has

15 JULY 1993
continued for over three years without any sign ofan end. It has resulted in more lives lost and more properties destroyed than at any time in the past. The LTTE has withdrawn fron the towns in the east , in advance of the Sri Lankan Army moving in, and the people have been left to the mercy of the security forces. As the Tigers mount occasional ambush attacks on the security forces, people are subjected to retaliatory attacks, and search and destroy operations. An estimated 3,000 persons have disappeared in the eastern province since June 1990.
The northern Jaffna peninsula has been subjected to a virtual economic blockade with the prohibition of transport of many items essential to the survival of the community. The only lifeline is the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) through whose good offices, the government despatches only a fraction of the needs of the population. There is no safe passage for people to and from Jaffna to the mainland. The army refuses to open up the Sangupiddy-Pooneryn causeway unless they are given the power to check people and goods at the crossing point to which the LTTE does not agree. The LTTE refuses to allow civilians to use the Elephant Pass for military reasons'. the only point at which people are crossing is the Kilali lagoon, which has been declared a prohibited zone' under emergency regulations, and many people have been killed by the security forces as they seek to CrOSS.
The attacks and mass killings of Tamil speaking Muslims in the eastern province attributed to the LT TE, apparently in retaliation to the Muslim homeguards collaborating with the army, and the forcible driving out of nearly 50,000 Muslim families from Jaffna and other northern areas Constitute another cruel development in the course of Eelam War Ill. This would appear to have alienated substantial sections of Muslim opinion away from the demand for a merged northeast province to constitute a single territorial unit, thus strengthening the hand of those forces in South Sri Lanka which are Canpaigning for a delinking of the northeast achieved under the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement.
In the aftermath of July 1983 and succeeding years, there was tremendous international sympathy and support for the Tamil cause, if not for the idea of separatism. Indian support remained solid. The sad fact today is that support and sympathy once available in good measure would appear to have been wantonly dissipated.
Whatever faint hopes people had about the Parliamentary Select Committee on the ethnic issue coming up with a solution to the conflict have disappeared now. The government and the Tigers are locked into a War for Which there is no end in sight. The tragic prospect at the end of this decade of continuing conflict and never-ending suffering for the people is that it is set to enter into the second decade.

Page 5
15 JULY 1993
se-n
Moves TOWards "Nationa as SLFP Suspends Ar
The main opposition Sri Lanka Freedom Party is in grave crisis over the suspension of its leading figures, Mr. Anura Bandaranaike, who was issued with a letter suspending him from membership of the party by its General Secretary on the direction of Anura's mother and leader of the party, Mrs. Sirima Bandaranaike.
Reports of a coalition between the ruling United National Party and the Democratic United National Front led by Gamini Dissanayake circulating already have assumed wider significance with reports that moves are afoot to form a "National Government' with a combination of the UNP, DUNF, the Anura faction of the SLFP and the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress. Anura is reported to have the support of nearly 30 to 35 MPs out of 64 in the SLFP parliamentary party.
Knowledgeable sources seem to be confident that the man behind this prospective grand alliance' forming "National Government' is none other than that wily old political fox, the former President J.R. Jayewardene.
Anura's faction is said to contain an amorphous group of right-wing MPs and those who once belonged to the chauvinist Hela Urumaya faction together with those who are dissatisfied with Mrs. Bandaranaike's leadership and the important role she had allowed in the party to her daughter and Western Provincial Council Chief Minister, Mrs. Chandrika Bandaranaike.
Anura has been waging a battle over the expulsion of Tilaka Karunaratne, MP, a key leader of the Hela Urumaya and an ally of Anura, from the SLFP, the charge being that he had called for the stepping down of Mrs. B from the leadership of the party. Mr. Karunaratne's expulsion is being presently challenged in the courts, and Anura was expected to support him.
Anura’s suspension has been precipitated by his recent statements in interviews he had given to newspapers in which he had made critical remarks about the state of the party leadership, the unfairness of the expulsion of Mr. Karunaratne and also about the role of his sister, Chandrika, who is reported to have claimed in interviews to foreign correspondents that if she was given the party leadership for three months, she could turn it around into
better shape. Wher reported claim by replied that Chand three political part wrecked them all. I those parties arou think that she cou around. Just becaus Gampaha district ar nistration in the W Council thanks to th DUNF, he did n assumed that she c the SLFP into bette says is also a vote o the leader of the SI that the leader of th petent, which nobo except Tilak Karul sacked for saying it, they going to tak Kumaranatunga? S. same thing that Til words. Tilak Karuna because he was not What is the disciplin sacks any other bu anaike. . .I don’t thil ka) has the capacity turn the SLFP or a She has wrecked thr
No sooner than h came public, sevel numbering over 20, his Rosmead Place adjoins the residence and Chandrika. The visit by the DUNF Dissanayake and G.N did not go unnoticed.
In the meantime, has decided to suppor by Dr. Neville Fernal and an Anura suppo Constitutional provi hibits Members of crossing from one p and the power given to deprive MPs of th plinary grounds and persons in their p. defection” provision v the former Presidel who had obtained a ity in Parliament in t to prevent UNP M. OWer.
The tactic of the ge does not have two t the House, in suppo tion is to enable it

TAM TIMES 5
GOVt.
Ufa
asked about this
handrika, Anura ika had been in
es, and split and she couldn't turn ld, he could not d turn the SLFP 2 she had won the d formed an admi
estern Provincial
support from the it see why she ould turn around shape. 'What she no confidence on FP. She had said e SLFP is incom
ly else has said,
laratne who got What action are :e against Mrs. he is saying the ak said in other ratne was sacked a Bandaranaike. e in a party that t not a Bandarnk she (Chandrior the ability to lnything around. ee parties.
s suspension beral SLFP MPs, visited Anura at residence which s of both Mrs. B ignificance of the leaders, Gamini 1. Premachandra
the government , a motion moved do, an SLFP MP ter to amend the ion which proarliament from arty to another, ) political parties, ir seats on discito appoint other ce. This antias introduced by t Jayawardene, our-fifths majore 1977 elections, s from crossing
'ernment, which irds majority in ing such a moto wean away
opposition MPs, mainly from the 3 SLFP, so that it may be in a position tó make such amendments as it thinks necessary to the Constitution. As this 'anti-defection' provision affects Provincial Councils too, the approval of Dr. Fernando's motion would also enable the UNP to regain overall control of the three Provinces, Western, North Central and Southern, by weaning away DUNF Provincial Councillors to defect towards the UNP.
It is reported that Mr. Bandaranaike, and his Hela Urumaya group . are canvassing hard among parliamentarians to muster 151 votes for the amendment which is a two-third majority in the 225 member Parliament.
Meanwhile President of the DUNF, Mr. A.C. Gooneratne, PC, yesterday told reporters that it was now time for all parties to co-operate on national issues. We feel that all parties should get together to provide a solution to all the problems facing the country. He said that President D.B. Wijetunga had invited the DUNF Leader, Gamini Dissanayake, for talks where what help the DUNF could give the Government on national issues was discussed. Following these talks, the UNP Work-, ing Committee had authorised the President to have talks with leaders of . parties. The politburo of the DUNF had meanwhile authorised Mr. Gamini Dissanayake to have discussions with the President and report to the DUNF Working Committee on any proposals made by President Wijetunga.
Mr. Gooneratne, said that for the DUNF to join the Government, one of two things must happen - either some UNP Nominated List MPs should resign to make way for the appointment of DUNFers - or a General Election held with the DUNF and the UNP in a joint campaign.
Mr. Gooneratne added that he was of the view that the Government should invite other parties too and have discussions with them with a view to forming a National Government. This was necessary to tackle issues like bribery, corruption, economic problems and the North-East war.
Chandrika has become so irreconcilable that a split in the SLFP is inevitable. The SLFP has been out of power for the last seventeen years, and during the greater part of this period the party has been beset by internecine conflict at leadership level. If the anticipated split occurs, the prospects for the SLFP are bleak, and the party built by the late Mr. S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike would have been effectively destroyed by his family inheritors.

Page 6
6 TAM TIMES
Govt-LTTE Deal on F of POWs Collaps
Captives Again Threaten Fast-t
The government of Sri Lanka is caught up in a human drama that has developed into a major embarrassment over the issue of the release of the 32 remaining policemen who are in LTTE captivity in Jaffna since June 1990. Following talks with government's emissary, Brigadier Ananda Wijesekera, the Tigers released five of the prisoners, and one more was released later due to illness. Now the 32 remaining captives whom the LTTE has refused to release until the government accedes to their demands have threatened a fast-unto death for a second time.
The saga started when parents and relatives of the captives began receiving letters that the prisoners would commence on 13 June, the third anniversary of their capture, a fastunto-death until they were released. Although some Colombo-based newspapers dubbed the prisoners' move as LTTE-inspired, the worried parents and relatives approached the ICRC seeking their intervention to prevent the fast. They also made representations to religious dignitaries in the south and to the government threatening that they themselves would launch a fast for the release of their captured sons. Sensing the potential for trouble in the developing situation, President Wijetunga summoned the Jaffna Government Agent Mr. K. Manikkavasagar to Colombo and had discussions with him on 18 June.
Negotiations between the ICRC and the LTTE resulted in the latter agreeing to a family reunion of the captives and their relatives. Each prisoner was to be allowed to be seen by two of his nearest kith and kin. Originally, it was intended to be a one-day visit. On 19 June, seventy-eight relatives and three officials of the ICRC travelled to Jaffna by ship to Point Pedro from where they were taken overland to Jaffna.
It is reported that the LTTE received the relatives with lavish hospitality which no doubt pleased the visitors. A Colombo newspaper, quoted a relative of a released policeman as saying: 'Will even our people in the south look after us in the way the boys of Jaffna did? When we reminded the boys that the only thing we knew of Jaffna was the karuththakolumban mangoes, the next day a basketful arrived. When we said we were thirs
ty, they brought u li. They spoke tic that their proble but with the Gov one up for the LT impress upon th responsibility for ity of the policem ment’s lack of con
The meeting be prisoners was cha emotional scenes : ged and kissed th they had not seen some of the rela they would not ret ers were release pledged that the launch a fast.
Previous negoti LTTE and the g the ICRC had cen of the release of: cadres in governi turn for the 38 army man in L' reliably learnt th and even the arm such a deal. Sourc the mindset of til believe that the for such a deal h because the LTTE reliance or signi cadres who get ‘enemy” and violat cyanide capsule.
Now the LTTE
release all the pris
ly provided a go visited Jaffna to r take charge of rel was what they to message to this el conveying the LT ceived in the Pres In spite ofsevera of behind-the-scel between late Pr and the LTTE, sir Eelam War II beg had no official di Tigers. With 72 e relatives of the refusing to leave leased, the goverr relent from its en tion of not talking then that Bri Weerasekara, t General of Reha

15 JULY 1993
Release
EeS
o-Death
|s bunches of thambius nicely and said m was not with us, rernment.' That was TE which sought to e relatives that the the continued captivhen was the governcern in their release.
tween them and the racterised by highly as the relatives hugeir loved ones whom for over three years. tives asserted that iurn until the prisond, and some even y themselves would
iations between the overnment through tred on the question some 60 or so Tiger ment custody in repolicemen and one TTE custody. It is at the government y was not averse to es which understand he Tiger leadership government's hopes ad previously failed did not place much ficance upon their
captured by the e the rule to bite the
E was prepared to oners unconditionalvernment emissary meet the Tigers and eased men, and that ld the ICRC. A fax Effect from the ICRC TE request was reident's office.
al reported instances ne indirect contact esident Premadasa nce June 1990 when an, the government rect talks with the emotionally charged prisoners in Jaffna until they were rement was forced to trenched hard posito the Tigers. It was i gadier An an da he Commissioner bilitation, was de
spatched to Jaffna along with the Jaffna Government Agent to represent the government. They flew to Jaffna on 18 June. The Brigader was put up at the Subash Hotel in Jaffna where the LTTE's Anton Balasingham, Karikalan and Thamil Chelvam met him for talks.
During the talks, the Tiger representatives are reported to have raised the question of lifting the ban on the transport to Jaffna of certain essential items such as batteries, bicycles, fuel, coconut oil, radios, school stationery, fertilizer and medicine in return for the release of the prisoners, and told him that the information given to the government by the ICRC that the prisoners were going to be released unconditionally was a "mistake in translation'. The Brigadier who went to Jaffna only with the intention of taking charge of the released prisoners and to make arrangements for their return and that of their relatives, relayed back the LTTE request to Colombo. After huddled consultations at senior level, the Brigadier was summoned back to Colombo on 20 June where he spelt out the Tigers demands for the release of the prisOES.
The Tigers had cornered the govern
ment into a difficult situation. Refusal
or even reluctance on the part of the government would have without doubt led to the belief that the government was not interested in seeking the release of the prisoners. It would have had to face the wrath of the relatives who continued to remain in Jaffna. The government caved in based upon the belief that the lift on the ban on the transport of certain items and making arrangements for the despatch of those items would be a one-off deal, and once all the prisoners were released, the LTTE would have no more cards to play to make further demands. This belief on the part of the government discounts the possibility of more prisoners in LTTE captivity - it must be remembered that the LTTE forced approximately a thousand policemen to surrender at the commencement of Eelam War II out of whom the whereabouts of a substantial number still remains unaccounted.
Brig. Weerasekera returned to Jaff. na on 21 June with a reply to the LTTE on a headed notepaper of the Joint Operations Command (JOC) and signed by the JOC chief Hamilton Wanasinghe, and informed the LTTE of the government's response which was that the government had virtually agreed to the LTTE's demand to allow the transport of the items demanded by them, but told the LTTE representatives that the quantity of some of

Page 7
15 JULY 1993
the items would have to be determined by the Government Agent of Jaffna. The LTTE responded by releasing only five policemen, who were described as very poorly healthwise, and reportedly promised to release the rest on confirmation being received from the GA that the goods they asked for were on their way.
The nine-day fast of the prisoners ended on June 21 with them drinking thambili water given to them by the LTTE.
The Government Agent and Brig. Weerasekera flew back to Colombo with the five hostages and their rela
tives on 22 June. Consequent to the
discussions the Government Agent had in Colombo, 15 lorries loaded with 500 barrels of petrol, and the ship M.V Ruhuna with 100 barrels of engine oil, 200 barrels of coconut oil, 1500 barrels of kerosene, 500 barrels of diesel, 50 metric tons of urea fertilizer, 100,000 boxes of matches, 50,000 exercise books and 500 bicycles were despatched to Jaffna. The government also issued a gazette notification deleting from the previously banned list some items such as transistor radios, torchlight batteries and medicines.
The Governmen Mr. Manikkavasa 23 June that the r men in LTTE cust prisoners, but the Hotel, Jaffna, toget tives. According t would be allowed after the govern) their demands.
Brig. Weeraseke Mr. Manikkavasa Jaffna on 25 Jur negotiating with release of the 34 negotiations have reported that the its demands that should lift its emb port of several through normal private traders a allow free flow o instead of the pre quantities as deter ernment Agent.
The military ap opposed to the idea LTTE demand for embargo and the fl alleged two ground
Forces of Militaris Scuttle Moves Toward
(by our Special Correspondent, Colom
July 1993 is a month that is bound to evoke bitter memories among Tamils in Sri Lanka and the diaspora. Very little has been done to soothe or heal the bloody wounds inflicted on the Tamils ten years ago this month. Instead, a decade of merciless war has cast a grim pall over the hopes of the people.
Tamil political analysts who are being asked by liberal minded journals in the south to comment on the ethnic question to mark the passage of a decade since the ugly events of July 83 that tore apart Sri Lanka's ethnic fabric, find it extremely dificult to strike a positive note. When the question of referendum to split the Northeast Province came up, the attitude of Sinhala politicians and a section of the so-called "national' press gave no cause for optimism on the eve of July 1993. The reaction of the military rank and file, reflected in and supported by the writings and speeches of Sinhala nationalists, when the possibility of negotiations became a reality for the first time since Eelam War Two began with Brigadier Ananda Weerasekera's
recent visit to Jaff tened the Tamils.
The eagerness
Sinhala politicians embraced the cause from the north was ficant at this junct anti-Tamil violenca conclusively showe they had no other
where they could f northeast. This is w years which follow moderates who so recognition for the the northeast and t insurrection of tl waged war on the make their homela tion. The army for assure the Chairma it would create the
tions in the east f ferendum, even b sure whether the
had taken a clea matter. The 'nation given publicity to
ness to divide the n

TAMIL TIMES 7
it Agent of Jaffna, r told newsmen on est of the 34 policeody were no longer y were at Subash ther with their relaio the LTTE, they
to go from Jaffna ment had fulfilled
ra, accompanied by gar, again flew to he with a view to the LTTE for the prisoners. But the become stalled. It is LTTE has renewed t the government argo on the trans
essential items, channels including nd that it should f goods to Jaffna viously agreed set mined by the Gov
pears to be totally
of conceding to the the lifting of the ree flow of goods on s-firstly that some
of the banned items like petrol, diesel Հ' .
and batteries would enhance the fight
ing capabilities of the Tigers, and
secondly the LTTE's methods of impos
ing taxes on all goods distributed into Jaffna would help it amass vast sums of money to augment their war effort.
A JOC spokesman claimed that LTTE .
was seeking to use the problem of the prisoners and the presence of their
relatives in Jaffna to achieve military
advantage.
On 30 June, one more prisoner, a
policeman, was freed from custody by the LTTE as he was very ill, and he
and eight of the relatives were flown to Colombo. 32 prisoners and their relatives still remain in Jaffna.
Since the breakdown of talks, the ships carrying goods to Jaffna have
been diverted from Point Pedro to the
army-controlled port of Kankesanthurai. Brig. Weerasekera and the
Jaffna GA returned to Colombo on 28
June. Government sources assert that it is the responsibility of the ICRC, which arranged for the relatives of the prisoners to go to Jaffna and remained there in anticipation of their release, to bring them back. The ICRC seems to have been put in an embarrassing position.
S S Peace
ibo)
na, further dishear
with which many and opinion makers of prising the east particularly signiure, for it was the e of July '83 that d many Tamils that place in the island eel safe except the rhy they had, in the red, supported the ught constitutional territorial unity of olerated the armed he militants who Sri Lankan state to nd a sovereign naits part rushed to an of the PSC, that 'appropriate' condifor holding the reefore anyone was Select Committee r decision on the al' press which had the army's eagerortheast, preferred
later to ignore or play down Dinesh Gunawardene's revelation in parlia
... ment that the PSC had not come to
any decision on the referendum.
It was therefore apparent that the stance of the security forces, the majority of the Sinhala politicians, the Buddhist clergy and a section of the so-called "national press in acting even against those Tamil aspirations which fall well within the constitutional parameters of the unitary state, was as
strong and ideologically compelling as
it was in 1983. And every head of
government is acutely aware that the applause of this powerful alliance
within the Sinhala polity is reserved only for the leader who indulges its
passions and promotes its interests.
The enlightened Sinhala politician may also discover in due course that it is prudent to yield his better judgement to the dictates of 'Sinhala Buddhist militarism', than stand discredited among his people. The conduct of the Chairman of the Par
liamentary Select Committee, Mr.
Mangala Moonasinghe, an otherwise
son, is a recent case in point. Today it appears more than ever that the political leadership in the south has very little power to overrule or at least influence the 'Sinhala Buddhist mili
amiable, decent and reasonable per- :
tarists' in the long term interests and
geo-political concerns of the country.
Continued on page 9

Page 8
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15 JULY 1993
Continued from page 7
The post-Premadasa administration
depends as much as its predecessors did, on the annual development and structural adjustment aid granted by the western donor community. Although the aid group has not extended its assistance sparingly in its yearly financial pledge made to the Sri Lankan government, its member countries have quietly but firmly and consistently made it clear that Colombo should bring to size the budget deficit - GNP ratio. This in nontechnical terms means that the government cannot divert much western funding into defence expenditure. Therefore, while having successfully secured more aid than what was given last year, the government has to be mindful of the fact that it has to bring about at least a temporary peace to consolidate the necessary measures for decreasing the inflationary pressures on the economy.
Not only the western donors but the local business community as well was bringing indirect and direct pressure in varying degrees on the government to ease the burden caused by the disproportionately huge defence budget. The Tea Traders' Association told the Prime Minister who attended a conference organised by it recently that the Association welcomed his peace initiative in calling Prabhaharan for direct talks with the government in view of the fact that "twenty cents of each rupee in the budget was being spent on the war'. The UNP regime by its very nature finds it difficult to resist the power of the combined influence of the donor countries and the local business community.
The UNP leadership from the latter part of 1987 has shown an inclination to strike a delicate balance between its Sinhala Buddhist majoritarian ideology and the secular concerns of development and fiscal discipline which on the ethnic question run counter to the interests and consequences of that ideology. The balance of course has on every occasion ultimately tilted in favour of the former. Yet the inclination or compulsion is still discernible mainly due to external circumstances.
Hence, the UNP leadership adopted an exceptionally conciliatory posture towards making peace with the LTTE on the eve of the annual Aid Group meeting which it had to face in Paris, and quietly explored the possibility of opening up a line of communication with the Tiger high command when the opportunity presented itself in the form of securing the release of the security forces personnel held in Jaff.
na. On his second Brigadier Ananda clearly 'given to ul informal indication the LTTE that the the prisoners rele negotiations aimec conflict to an end.
The LTTE had messages, through channels, which em to have an official Lankan governmen such as the opening dy causeway linki mainland, exchang The LTTE, it appe this from early Ji enough reason to be of the Sri Lankan elite might success assistance to make a the peninsula. Briga a's visit, therefore, appropriate juncture were desirous, for th dialogue and if poss. porary peace. Despit tives of the parties dered by many Tan move in view of hardships endured b ing in the north in ge the peninsula in par number of Tamils w residence in Colombo Two began also heav in view of the indisc) the police directed a first week of Jun amounted to a poor paign of racial perse
The Tamils in th awaited the partia embargo while those pected that their trou little. The governm agreement with the ban on some items to be lifted in return for soldiers in Tiger cust removal of the ban gazetted to ensure til of the specified iter Following the forma one of the main iten list - bicycles and sp transported in consi by the northerners th point at Vavuniya t( dislike of the local Tamil group, PLOT laborating with the a
Meanwhile, it bec rent that the front were up in arms a Operations Commar had been responsil together with the go cluding the deal on th

visit the amicable Weerasekera was derstand' that an should be given to negotiations to get sed could lead to
at bringing the
lso been sending European NGO phasised the need missary of the Sri to sort out issues of the Sanguppidng Jaffna to the of prisoners etc., ars, was keen on |ne when it had ieve that a section political-military fully seek Indian decisive strike on Ldier Weerasekerwas made at the where both sides eir own reason, to ble secure a teme the ulterior mo, this was consinils as a welcome
the enormous
by the Tamils livneral and those in ticular. The large ho had taken up
since Eelam War ed a sigh of relief
iminate action of it them since the e which simply y disguised cam*ution.
e north eagerly
l lifting of the
in Colombo exbles would ease a ent came to an LTTE that the the north would th policemen and ody; and that the would be duly e regular supply is to the north. announcement, is in the banned are parts - were erable quantity rough the checkthe dismay and nilitary and the E, which is colmy in the area. me quite appane commanders ainst the Joint d (JOC), which le for working ernment in con
POWs through
TAMIL TIMES 9 of
Brig. Weeraskera. The army commander Lt. Gen. Cecil Widyaratne, who had an axe to grind against the JOC and its chief Gen. Hamilton Wanasinghe, seems to have lost no time in exploiting the situation to his advantage. The JOC chief had to face the ire of the frontline commanders as a consequence, with some of them telling him that they would not be in a position to fight the Tigers again if the government were to go ahead with the partial lifting of the embargo. Maj. Gen. Lucky Algama who is being groomed by the army chief Widyaratne to succeed him as Army Commander, intensified operations; against the Tigers in the east.
On the third day of the partial lifting of the ban, the army prevented civilians from taking bicycle spareparts to the north at the Vavuniya border checkpoint. The decision to do this had been taken apparently without the knowledge of the JOC and the government in Colombo. When Brig. Weerasekera went to Jaffna to bring back the security forces personnel and their families, the Tigers informed him that the army was acting contrary to the agreement by reimposing the ban on certain items specified in the gazette notification issued by the government. They, hence, wanted the government to make specific arrangements for the supply of those items through Kachcheri officials and department heads in Jaffna. And until then the POWs had to remain in Jaffna. Even before the government and the JOC could pause to reconsider the situation, the army promptly cried foul at the LTTE saying that it had reneged on its promises and reimposed the ban fully. Thousands of civilians who had rushed to buy bicycles, exercise books for school children, boxes of matches etc., were stopped from taking their goods to the north at the military checkpoint in Vavuniya. The JOC and the government had little option in the face of the army's belligerence and the unconcealed hostility of the 'national' press but to fall in line. Some army officials did not fail to accuse the ICRC of perfidy.
The untrammelled discretion of civilian authority is clearly a myth in Sri Lanka when it comes to making an important decision on the national question. The exigencies of the army in defeating the Tiger is one thing but refusing to submit or yield to the priorities of a democratically constituted civilian government is another, which puts in question the possibility of finding a political space at all for settling the ethnic conflict. An apparently annoyed moderate Tamil Continued on page 29

Page 10
10 TAMIL TIMES
Referendum Proposal
“A Move to Escalate El Tension' - Thondam
Cabinet Minister and leader of the Ceylon Workers Congress, Mr. S. Thondaman has declared his opposition to the proposal to hold a referendum in the eastern province at this juncture on the issue whether the Northeast Province should remain merged as a single Province.
He said that the referendum proposall was "a subtle move by some people to aggravate communal tension in the country'. He pointed out that although a referendum to decide on the merger was part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord, it was put off for the past five years. If it was an easy thing to hold a referendum it would have been done long ago. He doubted whether the referendum would be a solution to the ethnic
conflict, but it proba WOrse,
Mr. Thondaman referendum in the could be held 10 ye completion of two p. tions. “After the assa dent Premadasa an mudali, the count calm and peaceful, a ple had predicted r are making an effo munal tensions and to hold a referendun Minister alleged.
The CWC leaders would not attend th Parliamentary Sele the ethnic question
Will Create Permanen
The results of the proposed referendum to decide on the Northeast merger is bound to create permanent discord and mistrust among all communities in Sri Lanka, and it is advisable that political leaders pay attention to this, Sri Lanka Muslim Congress leader and Member of Parliament for Digamadulla Mr. M.H. Ashraf said when asked about his party's position on the proposal to hold a referendum in the Eastern Province.
The SLMC had always maintained
that if the merger C East could have been the stroke of a pen powers, the same I exercised for the d The SLMC was of til Northeast conflict ha without the process Mr. Ashraff said.
“A multi-party con reached at any cost implemented. We can Parliamentary Select
All the mainstream Colombo newspapers reported that the Parliamentary Select Committee had decided at its last meeting to hold a referendum in the Eastern Province within three months. These papers not only came out with editorial comments on the reported decision, but also encouraged the publication of articles and commentaries on the pros and cons of the proposal.
However, the important question is whether the PSC in fact made that decision as reported. Mr. Dinesh Gunawardene, the leader of the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna and a member of the PSC, speaking in Parliament recently denied that the Committee had reached such a
Referendum Story - True or
decision. “The Se never took a de referendum at th The minutes of th say that. Some ele the newspaper r cheap popularity.
carried the story a dum... Parliame General or the S Chairman did no correct this wro According to them mittee discussed holding a referenc to invite certain of meeting to obtain the matter. The C man told me that the story. Some

15 JULY 1993
the East Denounced
hnic
bly would make it
suggested that a Eastern Province ars later after the arliamentary elecssination of Presil Lalith. Athulathy had remained lthough some peoiots. Some people rt to create comtroubles by trying 1 at this time, the
aid that his party e meetings of the ct Committee on . He had sent a
reply to the recent invitation from its Chairman explaining why he could not accept the invitation or could not attend its sittings.
In his letter dated 7 June to the PSC, Mr. Thondaman stated: From the first sitting of the Committee to now, a period of 19 months has lapsed. Even though 43 sittings were held and 253 memoranda were examined, a way out of the ethnic impasse has not been found. I regret to note that this grave national question has not been approached either with a sense of urgency or in a spirit of earnestness. Valuable lives have been needlessly lost.
The CWC is unable to convince itself that its proposals had received either the consideration they deserved or the study they merited. The viability of the proposals proferred by the CWC are in no way detracted by the lapse of time.
it DisCOrd' - Ashraff
if the North and brought about by under emergency method could be 2merger process.
he view that the .
ld to be resolved of a referendum,
sensus has to be , and should be understand the Committee's dis
regard for the LTTE viewpoint. But it is difficult to understand how the Committee could completely ignore the aspirations of the non-LTTE groups.' It was unfortunate that the decision to hold a referendum had not taken into consideration various viewpoints of the Muslim and Tamil parties, Mr. Ashraf added.
He said that the reported latest decision of the Select Committee was a contradiction of the earlier interim report submitted by the Chairman of
False?
lect Committee ision to hold a Le last meeting. e meeting do not ments had misled porters to gain Two newspapers bout the referennt, Secretary2lect Committee , take action to ng news item. inutes, the Comhe possibility of um and decided icials to the next their views on ommittee Chaire did not release members of the
Committee may have done this. An attempt was being made to create a situation unnecessarily. I have given a protest note to the Speaker about this issue,' Mr. Gunawardene told Parliament.
The MPs belonging to the LSSP and CP who are members of the Select Committee too have protested to the Chairman about the failure to correct the misleading reports in the press about the socalled decision to hold the referendum in the east.
Discerning political analysts in Colombo believe that there are some members of the Select Committee who want to push the Chairman, Mr. Mangala Moonesinghe, along the referendum path, and it is with their contacts in the Colombo newspapers who caused the publication of this distorted report.

Page 11
15 JULY 1993
the PSC to the Speaker of Parliament,
Mr. M.H. Mohamed. "If the Select
Committee is very keen to demerge, without the concurrence of the minority political parties, there is no logic in the committee looking for the consensus of the people that these parties represent, Mr. Ashraff said.
The Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims had been living peacefully; but if the Muslims, who are the deciding factor, vote for the demerger of the Northeast, the Tigers would massacre the Muslims mercilessly; if they voted against the demerger, then the Sinhala majority community would misunderstand the Muslims to be condoning the atrocities of the LTTE. Thus it was the case of "Heads I win, Tails you kose". The innocent Muslims would be the losers in either case. This was a political trap set for the Muslims of this country. Whether the people vote
for or against the deme lar battle between the lim and Tamil commu velop, and the mere
consequences was ter there was a proposal to dum, the Sri Lanka M would be determined t ment political campaig I.M. Illias, North-We District Chairman of
addressing a meeting Puttalam.
Speaking in Parlia SLMC Member of P. L.A.M. Hisbullah said most of the Muslim fal driven out from the LTTE. They fled to th vince from the north. S Muslims have been liv poverty. They are livil
Udugampola's Return
the Rule of LaW
by Jehan Perera
The implications of former Police DIG Premadasa Udugampola's return to a welcome untrammelled by the open arrest warrant against him have a significance that go far beyond the theoretical considerations of a nation ruled by law. The controversy has arisen at a time when the country is, or should be, undergoing a period of intense soul-searching.
A president of Sri Lanka who strode hike a colossus across the national scene was assassinated less than 2 months ago. His physical presence may no longer be evident but his spirit still lingers on. A week earlier the Opposition Leader most likely to have succeeded him was also done away with through an assassination.
Hardly a year has passed since the Navy Commander and Northern Army Commander were likewise assassinated. And, of course, this folllows the tens of thousands of political killings that have taken place in the country over the past decade.
In this context, the remaining leadership in the country have every reason to be concerned about overcoming the threat of assassination. They may be the next targets. Whether they an serve the nation under these conitions with minds that are free from a ear of their lives that cripples their umane qualities is certainly open to luestion.
Not even the LTTE leader, Mr.
Vellupillai Prabhakara be complacent, althoug lay the blame for there tions at his door. Mr.
readings on history, wh Clint Eastwood to Mal would no doubt have
security does not con guards alone. Indeed, t
finally come from them
The Roman Emperor better known as Caligu was marked by increas deification, was assass head of his own eli Guard.
Perhaps, the common two parts of Sri Lanka men and not of law. W law takes second place men, the attractivene assassination grows.
If changing the mai rule, then getting rid of top becomes a very ten tion. That is why tyra man shows invariably e of intrigues and assassi
Rule of La
The notion of the ru ancient one. Aristotle, i years ago said the Ru better than that of any the early 1600s, the q Chief Justice Coke of whether the king hims

rger, a triangu
Sinhala, Muslities would dethought of its rifying. If ever hold a referenuslim Congress launch a vehen against it, Dr. stern Province the SLMC said held recently at
ment recently, arliament, Mr.
that by 1990 milies had been
north by the e Western Proince then these ing in extreme ng in huts and
TAMIL TIMES 11
*--ŁA:
survive on dry rations. The owners of these huts too are not in favour of their living in them. Their health and educational facilities have been adversely affected. But the government had not taken any action to help them, nor have they paid any compensation to the affected Muslim families.
Although some talk to the Muslims about a referendum and of their rights, a recent newspaper report stated that there were one million Muslims entitled to vote, but only 600,000 have been registered to vote. The demerger of the Northeast was not a solution to the ethnic problem. That would not settle the problem of the Muslims driven out of the north. The question of the referendum has today become a joke to some politicians. But it was a matter of life and death to the Muslims in these areas, Mr. Hisbullah added.
and
n, can afford to gh it is easy to :cent assassinaPrabhakaran's ich range from hatma Gandhi, told him that he from bodyhe danger may
l
Gaius Caesar, la, whose reign ingly mad selfsinated by the te Praetorian
element in the is the rule of
hen the rule of 3
to the rule of ss of political
h changes the the man at the hpting proposinnies and "one nd in a climate nations.
W
e of law is an h Greece 2,300 e of Law was
individual. In uestion before
England was lf could act as
a judge, or whether he must dispense justice through the judges.
Coke stated that the king must be subject to the law because the law makes him king.' Perhaps, it is the effort at upholding the Rule of Law that has made the Western countries what they are, and our neglect of it that has made us into an unstable and violence-prone country.
The long dominance of ancient Rome, a city state, whose influence still persists, certainly calls for more than a simple explanation. Roman armies and their conquests offer only a part of the reason. At a deeper level lies the record of state power that was regular and consistent in its application.
From 534 BC to 133 BC during a 400-year period of the Roman Republic (as opposed to the later Roman Empire), there was not a single politicall assassination of a leading public figure. This was an amazing record for the world at that time, and even now. Like every other people, the Romans too indulged in quarrels, vendettas and occasional group attacks, especially the stoning of individuals condemned by public opinion for private transgressions. But what made the Roman Republic unique was its respect for public law that concerned the relationship between the state and the citizen.
The public sphere was considered to be beyond the reach of arbitrary and personal manipulation. All Romans, from the rulers down to the Plebians, respected the civil order and established legal procedures.
As a result, the people could see that Continued on page 12

Page 12
12 * TAM TIMES ;
Continued from page 11
the laws were carried out impartially and predictably. Also it was plain to see that there was not much point in getting a public figure assassinated in order to force a change in governmental policy as the next individual who came in would be constrained to follow the same laws that his predecessor had followed.
The Udugampola Case
Today, above all what Sri Lanka
needs may be a return to the Rule of Law Perhaps, there is no better guarantee of an impartial solution, and one that will stick, to the ethnic conflict. The Sinhalese who do not trust the Tamils, and the LTTE which does not trust the Government (and vice versa) can then, instead, trust in the law.
But, unfortunately, by highlighting the erosion in the Rule of Law, the circumstances of Mr. Udugampola's return to the country via the VIP lounge at Katunayake Airport bodes ill for problems that need an impartial solution.
Following his bloody victory over the JVP insurgents, Mr. Udugampola took on Mafia elements with links to official circles and finally the late President Premadasa himself when he claimed to lay bare the source of the "Black Cat'
killer squads and the had wrought.
For what Mr. Ud preserve the establi government can be sufferings he under loss of his family a government can show none of these, or a usurp the Rule of L political bargain with to keep him silent ca at all.
Law Reduced
Unfortunately, the Udugampola's return the law. There was a for his arrest at the t to the country. Alth was publicised in adv only his family and t. him on arrival.
Public Co
The Attorney Gene ers earnestly filed a pl under the Penal Code people against the Go the period of Presider now reported to have Udugampola decide those allegations anc purpose would be ser the action.
Kobbekadu Wa Commission Fi
LTTE Responsible for Exp
The International Commission appointed by late President Premadasa to inquire into the death of ten senior officers of the Sri Lankan armed forces in a bomb explosion in August last year has in its findings confirmed that the LTTE was responsible for planting the explosive device which killed the officers and that the device that caused the explosion was a landmine and not a device attached to the underside of the vehicle in which the officers travelled on the day of the incident. It was of the type used by the LTTE and had been left buried on the spot where the explosion occurred.'
The Commission's report with its findings was submitted to President D.B. Wijetunga on 24 June 1993.
The inquiry by a Commission of three Commonwealth judges into the death of Leit. Maj. Gen. Denzil Kobbekaduwa and nine other senior officers of the Sri Lankan armed forces, including Brigadier Vijaya Wimalaratne and Navy Commander Commodore
Mohan Jayamaha, fol blast at Araly Poin northern Jaffna peni gust last year comme at the Bandaranaike national Centre in Co
The Commission c. Austin Necabeohe E Ghana (Chairman) James Keith of Ne Justice Muhammadu Nigeria.
Immediately after LTTE claimed respo ing and detonatin which destroyed the the victims were trav of the explosion. The after an internal inc LTTE for the murd public ceremony hel weeks after the incid the Tamil Tigers, personally awarded cadres who the LTTE and carried out the c er, those belonging ta

15 JULY 1993
estruction they
gampola did to hed order, the 'ateful. For the ent due to the ld his job, the zompassion. But y other, should tw. Certainly a the government not be justified
-O an ASS
manner of Mr. made an ass of n open warrant me of his return jugh his return ance, there was he press to meet
Cern ral, whose officaint against him : for inciting the fernment during ut Premadasa, is said that if Mr.
d to withdraw l apologises, no
ved in pursuing
That cannot be. The Attorney General appears to be taking the view that this case is in the nature of a private quarrel that can be patched up by an apology and withdrawal of in sults. The analogy would perhaps be to a person who, in reversing his car, accidentally bumps it into another car. In such a situation the two parties can settle their problems privately with an apology.
But if the person who hits into the other car did so while driving drunk at 80 mph on the wrong side of a public road, they, cannot settle the matter privately. In such a case, the police would have to take this matter to the courts for the nature of the driver's conduct has crossed from the private domain over into the public domain.
The allegations that Police DIG Udugampola made against the Government that resulted in his indictment certainly cannot be considered to be ones regarding a private quarrel that can be settled with an apology.
On the contrary, they are matters concerning the public life of the nation and which allegedly led to the political murders of some 1,200 persons. The truth or otherwise of these allegations needs to be found out. If we wish to get the era of political murders behind us, the Rule of Law should not be buried with a political deal.
plosion''
lowing the bomb , Kayts in the insula on 8 Aunced on 26 May Memorial Interlombo.
imprised Justice ans Amissah of
Sir Kenneth w Zealand and Lawal Uwais of
the blast, the sibility for plac
the landmine vehicle in which lling at the time overnment also, uiry blamed the rs. In fact at a in Jaffna some nt, the leader of . Prabhakaran, medals to the claimed planned eration. Howevthe opposition in
southern Sri Lanka accused those in the government of former President Premadasa, and some even accused the former President himself of having conspired to kill the officers.
Reports began to be circulated that the explosive device that killed the officers was fitted to the vehicle in which they travelled, and that some within the army itself were responsible for the blast. Mrs. Kobbekaduwa herself wrote to the President and demanded an independent investigation by a reputed international team. Against this background, the government acceded to her demand, and with the consent of her lawyers referred the investigation to three commonwealth judges.
The terms of reference of the inquiry were: (a) the nature of the explosive device and its precise location at the time of the explosion; (b) the circumstances under which the explosive device came to be sited on the location of the blast; (c) the person or persons responsible for the siting of the explosive device; (d) the manner in which the explosive device was detonated, and if it was detonated other than by the vehicle conveying the officers traversing over the device, the person or persons responsible for such detona

Page 13
15 JULY 1993
tion; and (e) whether any person or persons conspired or abetted in siting and detonating the explosive device.
At the commencement of the inquiry, the Commission's Chairman announced that they were required to transmit to the President within six weeks from the date of the Commission's appointment a report containing their findings. He also said that theirs was a fact-finding Commission and not a Court. No one had been accused and no one was being prosecuted. There were no parties to the case before the Commission which was being assisted by the Additional Solicitor General, Mr. Upawansa Yapa PC who was not representing the Attorney General. He was acting as Counsel for the Commission helping them in the task of finding the facts. His duties with respect of the Commission would be "performed solely at our request and on our instructions.'
Several witnesses, many of them from the armed forces including the General Officer Commanding the Joint Operations Command, Gen. Hamilton Wanasinghe, and Mrs. Lali Kobbekaduwa, wife of the late General gave evidence before the Commission.
ت۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔
The members of
made a special visi record the evidence of Mr. J.R. Wyatt who submitted a report or examination of som taken immediately af occurred. It was Mr. that was used by oppo to support the alleg explosive device had b vehicle in which the c travelled.
In its findings, the ( rejected the allegation sive device had beer underside of the veh circumstances under w sive device came to b location at which the E red, the Commissions the landmine was one Island at the time of th the LTTE and not dis army in the course operations, or the land cessfully brought into ti LTTE by infiltration a drawal.
As to the person or pe ble for the siting of
Medical Equipment Blo by Govt. to be Releas
Following widespread protests and criticism, the government of Sri Lanka is to release medical equipment valued at Rs. 150 million donated by the British government to the Jaffna Teaching Hospital which has been lying idle in a veritable container graveyard alongside the Welisara Chest Hospital in the south of the island.
According to the British Deputy High Commissioner, Ronal Nash, the equipment arrived in Colombo at the beginning of this year. It was part of the E20 million grant pledged by Britain to reconstruct the war-torn Northeast.
The twenty-five sealed containers' with the most modern medical equipment, including CAT scanning machines, X-ray equipment, Bronchoscope with camera, Opthalmic unit with Opthalmic microscope, diesel generators, ambulances and ENT equipment, have been blocked on government orders from being transported to the Jaffna Hospital from the time they were received.
A Defence Ministry official sought to explain away the government's action by saying that the equipment in the 25
containers were far in was required in the Ja that they would mal Teaching Hospital th Lanka which was not trol or accountable t Ministry in Colombo.
The equipment ori tuted a part of a gift pa British government be of a massive aid commi ern aid donors who w the prospects of peace il after the Indo-Sri Lank July 1987. The anticip short-lived as the IP frontation broke out in As the talks between government and the L tinuing, the IPKF with the war broke out be ment forces and the hopes and prospects shattered as were the massive aid that was donor countries for the of the war-ravaged No) the rehabilitation of th
However the medical the Northeast by the ment through the Briti

e Commission to London to British expert had previously the basis of his photographs r the explosion Wyatt's report tion politicians tion that the en fitted to the ceased officers
ommission has
that the explo
fitted to the :le. As to the hich the exploe sited on the xplosion occuraid that either
left on Kayts withdrawal of covered by the of its clearing mine was suche island by the ter their with
rsons responsi
the explosive
TAMILMES 13
device, the Commission said that it was clear that the landmine had been buried by the LTTE. It was impossible for the Commission to say which of the
LTTE's men were involved. It was
noted that according to press reports the LTTE had rewarded men whom it claimed had done this work. However the Commission cautioned against accepting this claim as regards the identity of those involved as it could even be a propaganda ploy.
As to the manner in which the explosive device was detonated, it was obvious to the Commission, on the basis of the evidence of the Senior Government Analyst which was to some extent supported by the evidence of Mr. J.R. Wyatt, that the landmine
which the vehicle went over detonated
when the rear wheel of the off-side of the vehicle went over it.
As to whether there was any conspiracy by any person or persons, it was the Commission's firm view that the LTTE was responsible for laying the explosive device. If reports in the newspapers were anything to go by,
the persons who conspired and abetted
in laying the mine were LTTE's men who constructed, organised and laid it
Cked ed
excess of what ffna area, and ze the Jaffna best in Sri under the cono the Health
finally constickage from the ng a segment ment by west!re pleased by the Northeast Agreement of ted peace was F-LTITE COnOctober 1987. ne Premadasa TE were con'ew, but again ween governTTE and all peace were (pectations of promised by econstruction heast, and for people. id pledged to itish governCouncil only
arrived early this year. But the Ministry of Health is reported to have been
strongly opposed to the transport of
any of the equipment to the North, and the reason given was the continuing war. "The gift is part of many pledges to an overall plan to rehabilitate the North and East on the understanding that peace has returned. But the Tigers have resumed the war. In view of the changed situation, how the gifted equipment should be utilised would have to be reviewed in consultation with the British authorities, a high ranking Health Ministry official was reported to have said.
The opposition to the release of the medical equipment by the Health Ministry had the strong backing of the Joint Operations Command of the armed forces, who were reported to , have been "concerned about an unwitting outcome the granting of the medical equipment will entail in enhancing the fighting capabilities of the separatist terrorists.' Another senior official at the JOC is quoted as saying, "Providing the Jaffna peninsula with hi-tech equipment at this juncture will only help the terrorists to strengthen themselves to fight us.'
It is learnt that the British High Commission expressed its displeasure at the government's failure to permit the transport of medical aid that the
Continued on page 25.

Page 14
14 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 15
15 JULY 1993
Arrest of Tamils in Co Amnesty International P
Continuing reports of widespread arrests and detention of 7 Colombo and other areas in south Sri Lanka have prompted human rights organisation, Amnesty International, to expre: statement issued by the All dated 21 June 1993 states:-
Amnesty International is concerned about reports of arbitrary arrests of hundreds of members of the Tamil community in the past three weeks in and around Colombo. It is urging the government to implement fully the measures announced on 10 June 1993 to guard against widespread arbitrary detention and to publicise the measures widely.
Over the past two to three weeks, many hundreds of Tamil people have been arbitrarily detained by police in and around the capital city, Colombo. They appear to have been detained solely on the basis of their ethnic origin. Some were questioned and released after several hours; others have been held for days before being released, sometimes on payment of a bribe. Some have been brought before magistrates and released on bail or kept in custody even though the police have not specified that the individual is wanted for any known offence. It is not known how many people remain in detention.
The arrests began soon after elections to provincial councils had been held, which the ruling United National Party won outright in four out of the seven provinces in which elections were held. The arrests are apparently connected with investigations into the assassinations of opposition leader Lalith Athulathmudali and President Ranasinghe Premadasa on 23 April and 1 May respectively, and with reports that the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) have infiltrated the city. Police have attributed both assassinations to the LTTE, which is engaged in armed conflict with the government for a separate Tamil state in the northeast of the island.
It is common for Tamil people in Colombo to be stopped by police and detained for questioning if they are not carrying identity documents, if they are visitors to or newly-arrived in the city, or if they are only temporarily resident there. There have also been regular complaints that some police officers and others require payments from prisoners or their relatives in order to secure their release. Many people come to Colombo on business, to visit friends or relatives and in order to apply for passports and other official
documents which th where. People who issued with officialic as some Tamil peo estate areas of the particularly vulnera the past two weeks have been detain whether they could standing residence a Colombo and regar they were in posse documents.
Tamil political leat series of complaints ment about these a that they are indiscri rary; that bribes ha police oficers to secu cases; that women from their homes by ers at night, withou that men and wome together overnight i
At a meeting with cians on 10 June 19 ter, Ranil Wickrem senior police and Mi oficials agreed to se help remedy the sit International is urgil to monitor the im these measures to are adhered to and
Strar
The government of repeated ad nausean the North and Eas Tamils but only agair that their intention hearts of the peopl the Tamils from the
From Political to M
What was original political solution of th became slowly a simu and military solutior option for a political for all purposes giver a back seat) and the for a purely militar. the peninsula. An ir of events in Colombo

TAMILTIMEs 15*
lombo
Otests
amils residing in the international SS Concerns. The
ey cannot get elsehave not been lentity cards, such ple from the tea
hill country, are ble to arrest. In , however, people 2d regardless of demonstrate longnd employment in
dless of whether
ssion of identity
ders have raised a with the governrrests, protesting minate and arbitave been paid to re release in some have been taken male police officut an escort; and n have been kept h police stations.
the Tamil politi93, Prime Minisasinghe and the nistry of Defence veral measures to .uation. Amnesty ng the authorities plementation of 2nsure that they
that people are
only arrested when there are clear grounds to do so.
The government agreed that the measures would be publicised and Amnesty International is asking for them to be made public repeatedly in all the media in order that the public can be fully informed of the procedures currently in force.
Amnesty International understands that the measures agreed to, include that:
- wherever possible, police will take statements from people at their homes or workplaces instead of taking them into custody; - because of communication difficulties in some cases, people will be able to write their statements themselves, sign them, and hand them over to the police; - if it is necessary to detain a person, their relatives or others at their home will be given in writing the name and rank of the arresting officer, the time and date of the arrest and told which police station they were being taken to; - if desired, women can be escorted by a person of their choice if taken to a police station; - on release, a certificate will be issued to prevent their re-arrest for routine questioning of the same kind; - detainees will be released at the place they were arrested, and the person receiving them will sign for their release; - facilities to obtain passports and other documents will be provided outside Colombo to reduce the need for people to travel to the capital.
gulation of Jafna
by S. Ratnarajah, Jaffna
Sri Lanka has that the war in t is not against nst the Tigers and was "winning the e and liberating Tigers.'
lilitary Solution ly an option for a he Tamil problem, ltaneous political and finally, the solution appears up (or pushed to present stance is y annihilation of telligent reading against the back
drop of events in the North shows that the government is moving fast with its strangulation of the peninsula and very soon the peninsula will be made a graveyard unsuitable for any human living. What was started in 1981 with , the burning of the Public Library of Jaffna will close with the government declaration that the northern peninsula infested with Tigers has been converted into a war-cemetery and hence unsuitable for human living.
Winning the Tamil Hearts by Strangulation?
To understand the truth of the statement one has to go to Jaffna,
Continued on page 21

Page 16
16 TAMITIMES
Tamil Refugees in Sri
and the West
by Rajan Hoole
General
During the course of the conflict that followed the anti-Tamil violence of July 1983, in which the role of the state received wide publicity, about half the Tamil population of 2 million in the North-East are now estimated to have become refugees. Apart from deep rooted internal factors that fuelled the conflict, economic factors intimately linked to Western domination are also important. In pushing through economic programmes dictated by the West and the World Bank, traditional democratic freedoms and the freedom of labour to organise were sharply eroded between 1977-82. Britain, and more indirectly the US, were among those who helped the government to prosecute what was a disreputable war.
Most of the refugees were internal. Following the war of June 1990 half the Tamil population of Amparai and Batticaloa Districts became refugees. Nearly all of them remain within their districts. Most of the Tamils in the rural parts of Trincomalee, Vanni and Mannar Districts became refugees once more. A large part of them went northwards to Jaffna or to India. It is a small fraction of the refugees, predominantly from Jaffna, who have gone to western countries, that have aroused ire and disparaging comment in the West. This is a complex problem which needs to be tackled with under
standing. Sadly even statesmen from Britain, the former colonial power,
have been given to insensitive and ignorant remarks on the subject. The West is used to prominent dissidents walking into embassies and asking for asylum - something that makes those in the West feel good. But, such is the refusal to understand in the West, that ordinary persons whose lives are under very real threat, have to lie and pay heavily to get to safety. When the LTTE and the government were close between April 1988 to June 1990 and the Indian forces controlled the NorthEast, many Tamils with former militant connections, particularly deserters from pro-Indian militant groups, were in the position of being unsafe whether in Sri Lanka or India. Several of them disappeared in Colombo before complicated and expensive arrange
ments to leave the country could be
completed.
The usual excuse given by Western
ஆ
officials is that thes suffer because so m the system. That is view. If there was an on the part of imm and a person was con the truth would rece hearing, life on both been easier. I have unpleasant encounte and British officia spoken to as if I w criminal. I had only
visitors visa. Young with faltering Engli expected to fare bett not lie with indivic officers. But it requir understand, what is lem affecting a large ern and third world c with millions of pe more rational and h It means rather thar tries taking ad hoc m some embarrassings be a will to understa take some responsib being of people in col refugees originate.
Before the Exodus
As the Sri Lankan declined sharply dur fessionals found tha meet their material a of them decided te manently the norma the experience of Ju number of Tamil prof seriously for the firs the country. Such difficulty in going t either on their own st by a relative. The con lie with them.
The controversy li larger number from stratum, who in the events would not h emigration. They we with a reasonably hig tion. True, the de position of the col seriously. One was gr ment. The other was 70s even the capac acquire a decent hol the ability of a loc Brothers had to shoul bility of getting a sist woman to be given

15 JULY 1993
Lanka
Sfc.,
ܕܐܟܨ ; ;ہج
e deserving cases any others abuse too simplistic a more open attitude ligration officials, fident that telling ive a sympathetic sides would have had some very rs with Canadian ls where I was 'ere a liar and a wanted a regular persons in danger sh can hardly be er. The fault does lual immigration "es political will to
after all, a prob
number of Westcountries together pple, and seek a umane approach. h individual couneasures involving cenes, there must nd and politically ility for the welluntries where the
's terms of trade ing the 70s, prot they could not spirations. Many ) emigrate perl way. Following ly 1987, a large essionals thought t time of leaving persons had no he normal way, eam or sponsored troversy does not
les with a much a lower economic normal course of have thought of re young persons gh level of educalining economic untry hit them owing unemploythat by the mid 2ity to build or use went beyond all wage earner. lder the responsier married, and a in marriage re
quired at least a dowry house in her
name. Fortunately, high oil prices and employment opportunities in the Middle-East came to the rescue. Many young men went as craftsmen, technicians and labourers, and with their
earnings fulfilled expectations at
home. They mostly returned home after one or two contracts as planned. Several of them successfully invested their savings in workshops, agriculture and other ventures at home, and were economically stable. The change came with July 1983.
July 1983 - mid 1986
Following the violence of July 1983, there was a large exodus of Tamils from the South into the North-East. Jaffna itself had a huge refugee population. Jaffna had limited space, was industrially undeveloped and scope for adequate employment was limited. Employment or economic activity in Colombo at that time was a frightening prospect. For the first time people became dependent on family members in the Middle-East and elsewhere for money to buy food.
For the thousands of young Tamils working in the Middle-East and the Far-East, the prospect of going home looked very dim. They received frantic letters from home asking them not to come at any cost. The fear was real. I, then working abroad, remember visiting Sri Lanka against the advice of friends in October 1983. Feeling anxious myself, I asked Sinhalese friends to meet me at the airport. It was hard to imagine a Tamil labourer from the Middle-East with no friends in Colombo arriving at the airport. Moreover a worker in the Middle-East was obliged to leave on expiry of contract, usually about two years.
It was at this time that France, Germany and Switzerland became prominent destinations for Tamils leaving the Middle-East. Some made it to Canada by circuitous routes. We are not talking here about a number of persons from a different social category who were abroad in 1983, and whose minds were already set on settling, in the West. They used the violence at home to choose an advantageous country of domicile. Those going to countries in mainland Europe did not then regard them as permanent homes. It was either to keep going until things cooled down in Ceylon, or to go eventually to an English speaking country. This was also the time oil revenues were falling and employment in the Middle-East ceased to be attractive. Once European countries became established as places where employment could be found, these became alternatives to

Page 17
15 JULY 1993
the Middle-East for the much hard pressed youth in Jaffna. Again there was no intention of permanent settlement. The cost of going to Germany in 1984 was a modest Rs. 15,000/- (US$ 500/-). To Britain it was considerably higher.
Political Refugees: The Beginnings
This period also marked the beginning of youth seeking refuge for political reasons. With militant groups based in India and promoted by its agencies, dissent became a costly matter. Torture and internal killings became rife in the PLOTE, LTTE and TELO. A person leaving a group faced several risks.
Mano Master, a prominent TELO dissident, returned to Jaffna in 1984. The LTTE which took a long term view of things, marked him as a potential nuisance and using the fact that he no longer had the protection of the TELO, killed him. Some other TELO dissidents who returned to Jaff. na, distributed protest leaflets. Kittu, then Jaffna leader, and now the LTTE's plenipotentiary in Geneva, came up to the leafleters and thrust the barrel of his pistol into the ear of the dissident who told me this story. The latter now lives in Canada.
In early 1985-90 dissidents from the PLOTE calling themselves the “Sparks Group' returned to Jaffna and published the PLOTE's internal killings in a book. They were then persecuted by the PLOTE. Those from the “Sparks' who did not eventually go abroad are now either in the LTTE's prisons or are hunted by the LTTE.
A new situation arose from May 1986 with the LTTE launching murderous attacks on rival groups in a bid to gain sole dominance. Hundreds of TELO cadres were shot and burnt at street junctions in Jaffna. A new mood of disillusionment descended on Jaffna. Several of the survivors with no means went to India, to be kept in camps until taken back to Ceylon for the use of the IPKF. A considerable section, disillusioned with the liberation struggle and having either connections or funds, left for the West. They had no other option.
Another category who started going West in considerable number were mature persons who left the LTTE. These were often persons who began to have doubts about the group from the mid 80s. These doubts were increased with the group's killing of TELO cadre. The LTTE leadership thought it wise to let them go. Those remaining at home were under constant suspicion. Several were advised
w
to leave by th from about thi starting recrui later coming dc
June 1986 -
The same pi LTTE cracked group EPLRF on student diss Jaffna and ir though several EPRLF, Unlike tical vision, this further wident EPRLF folded Several membe or to India ar Many nursed and returned v ended up in L junior cadres lil parts were rele gruesome ends. in a single pris 1987, in the camp.
Of the stud during this Vimaleswarar LTTE in July went abroad. two living in F where, one ha of escaping fro When the S ched Operatic 1987 in the W Jaffna, severa were summari
Or more were camp in the Sc sed several m between July there was also peace with dig cluded. It was that thousan groups to figh and relatively quitting.
What the repression of vastating Op IPKF in Oct many was tha: of the state with the inte LTTE's politic Apart from populace, pres mic needs, s young males (
The Exodus
It has bee biggest single

TAMIL TIMES 17
LTTE itself. It was time that the LTTE
ing the very young,
wn to children.
987 end
ttern followed as the down on the militant in December 1986 and nt in the University of high schools. Even eading members of the the TELO, had a polidramatic development d divisions, and the up as a political entity. is escaped to the South d went to the West. heir wounds in India rith the IPKF. Several "TE prisons and many te their TELO counterased. Others met with Over 50 prisoners died on massacre in March LTTE's Brown Road
ents who were marked time, one leader, l, was killed by the 1988. Several others I can offhand think of rance and several elseving had the distinction m an LTTE prison.
ri Lankan forces launin Liberation in May adamaratchi sector of l hundred young men ly killed. Two thousand transferred to a prison uth. Jaffna had witnesassacres before, mainly 1983 - May 1985. But then an optimism that nity would soon be con
in this frame of mind is had joined militant the Sri Lankan forces, few civilians thought of
TTE's bloody internal 986, and then the deration Pawan by the ber brought home to t, the callous character lowers, in combination nal compulsions of the , did not portend peace. lemoralisation of the i ing security and econosurred families to get ut of the country.
- Internal Aspects
mentioned that the cause of refugees until sy
August 1987 had been the military action of the Sri Lankan forces. A large number of villages, particularly in the Trincomalee District, were destroyed. In Jaffna itself constant bombing and shelling destroyed hundreds of houses and large areas became ghost habitations. The overwhelming majority of those displaced were internal refugees, and a significant section went to India. Rural youth, particularly from the East, generally lacking means of escape and whose families faced the brunt of the Sri Lankan " army's brutality, joined militant groups in large numbers. Their families in turn, often, lived in refugees camps under very poor conditions. Insecurity, death and deprivation became a part of life that they were forced to come to terms with. A veil was thrown over their existence, and they were incapable of making anyone from Colombo to the West sit up and take notice.
The Tamil refugee problem, as far as the West was concerned was to do with a much smaller section with some access to resources or, ties of kin or friendship in the West. They responded to a situation fraught with danger and hopelessness as was best within their means, as did refugees through the ages. A powerful consideration governing their response,
which atomised humanity in the West
would find strange, is that it was most often the considered response of a family, rather than of an individual.
The LTTE was aware of the disillusionment and questioning that accompanied its blood stained ascent to become the 'sole representatives of the Tamil speaking people'. The first thing it did aster the massacre of TELO militants in May 1986 was to warn against any "discussion or analysis of the event', through mobile loud speakers. Had the option to leave the land not been available, demoralisation and a worsening economic and military situation (as happened) threatened to politicise Jaffna folk, particularly the middle class, who were both educated and articulate. The LTTE almost consciously operated the safety valve of emigration and institutionalised it to its own benefit.
Thus during the latter half of 1986 the LTTE supervised newspapers in Jaffna marked a confluence of incongruous messages. On the one hand were speeches of hyper-patriotism and pictures of long queues filing past corpses of Sri Lankan soldiers on exhibition. On the other were benevolent advertisements from travel agents offering novel one way tours, with
Continued on page 18

Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 17
claims of protection from sundry deities. Families pawned or sold their lands and last jewels to send a male brother or child out of the country. Apart from guaranteeing greater security, once debts were paid off, remittances from refugees in the West helped families to repair damaged houses, and maintain a frugal level of nutrition.
The system worked well for the Tigers in the short term. Unlike the
refugees who had been part of the
freedom struggle, the other refugees were largely unpoliticised. In preventing a backlash to the repression and hopelessness characterisingTiger politics, this exodus worked well. The LTTE further received an income in the form of cuts from the travel agents and collections in Europe. Those unpoliticised upon leaving were even more likely to remain so. Their indebtedness and the constant threat of deportation, gave the more perverse and thoughtless of them a vested interest in the continuance of the war and hence in the LTTE. Playing on their fears and sensibilities the Tigers politicised many of the refugees in the West at the lowest possible level - the level of their expatriate supporters among the elite. A network was established to keep these refugees supplied with videos of events such as exhibitions of SL army corpses and weapons, Tiger functions and speeches, and scenes of massacres by SL forces, where the LTTE's role was by no means creditable. The LTTE thus carved out for itself the role of a martinet among these refugees and instituted useful financial arrangements.
This covers a section of the refugees who were victims of political circumstances, but whose primary motivations
were not political. Tamils going to
continental Europe in the 70s were a trickle. But the links established opened the possibility of larger numbers seeking refuge there after July 1983. By so linking its politics to the exodus, the Tigers were able to obviate the necessity that would have arisen for a mass politics that addressed basic issues of human existence. These would have involved protection of life, education and mobilising the human potential so as to safeguard the present and future of the people during a struggle. While those old enough to see that things had gone seriously amiss emigrated, the Tigers began recruiting the very young. What resulted was a politics of death rather than of life.
Those who raised questions of democracy and survival at home were thus
isolated and margir the prospect of mass ni could be dealt with e. were thus able to cove tic glitter, what incre: politics of torture, in hit lists. The exodus role in giving the Tige
August 1987 - Jun
Following the IndoJuly 1987, the Sri Lan released thousands of and militant suspect holding under PTA. A had gone to prison struggle and came out the intervening inti With the onset of the
LTTE and the IPKF them were placed in immense danger. Fe mach to carry arms groups with the IPKF for persons with past a non-LITTE groups. Son told by Indian office tones, "You either wo) are against us'. The L left behind maniacall to finish off anyone rer of links with the IPK or threatened were active social concern populace tended to LITTE’s hold over the significant category sisted of those who ha before the IPKF arri them were killed by p The same fate over those taken in as LT the IPKF and later rel long ceased to be a s early 1988 there wa exodus of persons in reaching Europe and tion to those leaving f
eaSOS.
June 1990 - Presel The beginning of marked by the LTTE hundred surrender Sinhalese policemen a an forces killing tho civilians in reprisals. were conducted awa camps in places as W. Eastern University, and Veeramunai b forces. Although liter witnesses testify to t ment continues to der The only indications si of them had been k pre-July 1987 to the ratio of number of pris

15 JULY 1993
halised. Without mobilisation, they asily. The Tigers r up with patrioasingly became a prisonment and played a crucial rs this flexibility.
e 1990
Lanka Accord of kan government Tamil militants is it had been number of them believing in the , disillusioned by ernecine strife. war between the F, nearly all of n a position of w had any stos. The militant started looking associations with me of them were rs in menacing rk for us, or you TTE for its part killers like Lollo notely suspected F. Also targeted persons whose for a desperate diminish the people. Another in danger conld left the LTTE ived. Several of ro-IPKF groups. took several of TE suspects by eased. India had afe place. From is a very large these categories Canada, in addior other pressing
ከt
the war was E killing several ed Muslim & nd the Sri Lankusands of Tamil Hundreds more y from refugee idespread as the Nilaveli, Mutur by government ally hundreds of his, the governly responsibility. uggest that most illed. From the present war, the oners held to the
number of those eliminated took a sharp plunge. Jaffna was once more subject to bombing and shelling.
As the result, Tamil people in generall lost all faith in the return of peace.
As to the government, they became totally alienated and dreaded its forces. In the case of the LTTE any illusions about its benevolent intentions vanished, its actions were viewed with greater cynicism and its repression was greatly feared. Understanding that there was much public disquiet and questioning about the war, the LTTE made no bones about where the people stood. Shortly after June 1990, the LTTE's deputy leader Mahattaya declared that all persons and belongings on the soil of Tamil Eelam were the property of their struggle. To stem the heightened exodus from Jaffna, a stringent visa system was established for the first time.
Once more the Tigers took care to pacify the elites, particularly if they could perform some service to legitimise the Tigers. Some of them made speeches extolling and encouraging the very young who served the Tigers, while obtaining visas to send their own children to Colombo and the West. Others bided their time, making contacts in the LTTE by doing them favours and then fled after working out a visa.
Meanwhile, fearing any call for accountability, the LTTE cracked down even on independent intiatives by students and other groups to mobilise towards caring for the large number of refugees flooding into Jaffna. Several of them who wanted to be of service were frustrated and harassed into fleeing Jaffna. The LTTE's political prisoners climbed to a number around 4000. Many of them had no previous militant involvement.
This new exodus was prompted by a total loss of hope in any prospect of a settled life without a high probability of sudden death. Colombo was only nominally safe with chances of employment almost nil. In the course of security operations in Colombo, there was regular harassment of Tamils and the ocasional disappearance. To survive in Colombo until foreign travel could be arranged was in addition an expensive affair, affordable mainly to those with foreign contacts. The whole operation was most often financed from abroad through outright grants, loans, or through some special arrangement with a known agent enabling payment later by intalments.
(To be continued in next issue).

Page 19
15 JULY 1993
Rajiv Gandhi Assassin
Prosecution Presen Amidst Defence Ob
In the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case, the prosecution has completed its opening presentation before the presiding judge S.M. Siddickk. Some of the defence Counsel appearing for the accused had raised many preliminary legal and procedural objections which are awaiting rulings from the Supreme Court. It is only thereafter, the actual trial with the presentation of evidence will commence.
The trial is expected to be one of the longest in India's history of criminal trials. Judging by the sheer length of the prosecution's opening statement which took four days to complete, it is reasonably anticipated that it will take many months to present the mass of evidence gathered by the Special Investigation Team (SIT).
According to the prosecution, the evidence would include several diaries, mass of correspondence and account books seized by the SIT from some of the accused men, other alleged LTTE cadres and their supporters. The diaries and books reportedly maintained by Sivarasan, also described as the "One-Eyed Jack', who according to the prosecution masterminded the operational aspects of the assassination, are said to contain many details of financial transactions, gold smuggled into India from Sri Lanka and how disbursements were made to the accused and others.
The conspiracy to assassinate the former Prime Minister, according to the prosecution, was conceived and hatched in Jaffna between July 1987 and May 1991 by the LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran, Pottu Amman described as the LTTE's Intelligence Chief and Akhila described as the Deputy Chief of the LTTE's Women's Intelligence Wing.
As to the motive for the assassination, the prosecution alleges that Prabhakaran felt that he had been 'stabbed in the back' by Rajiv Gandhi following the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord in July 1987. The decision by Rajiv Gandhi to send in the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) at the request of the then Sri Lankan President J.R. Jayawardene had also angered Prabhakaran. Anyone who supported the Accord and the continued presence in Northeast Sri Lanka of the IPKF which was in confrontation with the LTTE was seen by the Tigers as a traitor deserving the
ultimate punish nection the pros ders of the TUI lingam and th Padmanabha as element for the tion alleges tha suming cyanide cadres following Sri Lankan secu ber 1987 and Gandhi to secu served to produ bitter hatred Prime Minister. According to eight months be in September 19 ing of Vijayan, and her father ly belonging to Tamil Nadu. houses. A secon Robert Payas, h mar and his wi India later. Sor haran described of the LTTE arı at Kodaikkara coast and was smuggler and T Shanmugam.
Nine other per prosecution as th ing Dhanu (tl Sivarasan, Subh in India on 1 Ma and began oper houses previous group. In prepa sination, the gro hearsal - a dry had devised to as - on 7 May wh leader V.P. Sing meeting at Madr to produce in ev. this dry run sho Sivarasan seated letters allegedly Subha to Akhila after the dry rur the letters was re a pit at Kadaiak
The details oft worked outin det Padma's house á participants we tasks. According
this day Dhanu
treated at a Ma where Padma v
 

TAMIL TIMES 19,
ts Case ections
ment, and in this conecution cites the murF leader A. Amirthae EPRLF leader K. examples. As another
motive, the prosecut the suicide by con
of 12 leading LTTE their capture by the rity forces in Septemthe failure of Rajiv re their freedom had ce in Prabhakaran a towards the former
the prosecution, some fore the assassination }90, one group consisthis wife Selvalakshmi Bhaskaran, all allegedthe LTTE, arrived in They rented three d group, consisting of
is family and Jayaku
fe Shanthi landed in ne months later, Srias a hardcore member rived in India landing on the Vedaranyam
received by a local iger supporter named
'sons, described by the le core group”, includhe suicide-bomber), a and Nehru, arrived y 1991. They occupied ating from the three y rented by the first ration for the assaslup carried out a rerun of the plan they sassinate Mr. Gandhi en the Janatha Dhal h addressed a mass as. The prosecution is dence a video film of wing the presence of in the front row, and written by Dhanu and and Pottu Amman . The bag containing covered by the SIT in tari.
he assassination were ail on 20 May 1991 at t which each of the e allocated specific o the prosecution, on ad fallen ill and was dras Nursing Home "orked as a nurse.
Dhanu recovered from her illness after being given tablets of Brufen. It is also said that the main three women conspirators, Dhanu, Nalini and Subha, went to a Hindu temple near Villivakkam the day before the assassination to seek the blessings of the Gods for their operation.
The lawyers appearing for the accused have raised many preliminary objections which are awaiting the ruling of the Supreme Court. Mr. S. Doraiswamy, defence counsel for Nalini and eight other accused, has raised an issue of fundamental importance to the very legality of the proceedings. He has argued that the provisions of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act (TADA) were not applicable to the Rajiv assassination case, and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) did not have the statutory authority to investigate the case. He told the judge that the charge-sheet had no material to show that the accused were seeking to 'overawe' the government, an essential requirement for invoking the provisions of the TADA. The main ingredient in the definition of a 'terrorist act under this law as "an intent to overawe the government'.
Mr. Doraiswamy has also argued that Rajiv Gandhi was "an ordinary citizen' at the time of his killing 'and enjoyed no special status "to justify the use of TADA’. The fact that he was the former Prime Minister was no justification for the use of the extraordinary law. What defence counsel was seeking to establish was that this murder was a settling of a personal enmity between Rajiv Gandhi and Velupillai Prabhakaran”.
Defence Counsel T. Ramados, appearing for some of the accused, told the presiding judge S.M. Siddickk that the former Prime Minister and the Tamil Tigers who were accused of masterminding his killing had reached an amicable agreement during the talks that took place between Rajiv Gandhi and LTTE's emissaries only a few weeks prior to the assassination. He claimed that during these talks Gandhi had "almost agreed' for the setting up of an independent state of Eelam if he came to power again. After obtaining such an agreement from Mr. Gandhi, there was no reason for the LTTE to have been involved in his assassination, Mr. T. Ramados suggested.
However, knowledgeable sources in Madras have a different version as to what actually transpired at a meeting held between the late Rajiv Gandhi and Mr. Kasi Anandan on behalf of the LTTE at New Delhi at the latter's
Continued on page 29

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20 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 21
15 JULY 1993
Premadasa's Esteem for Pr.
"It is an irony that the Tigers, whom the slain President Premadasa admired so much, should have emerged as the prime suspects in his assassination...If Premadasa had solved the ethnic issue, Prabhakaran (leader of the LTTE) would have been named the Chief of the armed forces. Such was the esteem the President had for him,' the Madras-based Indian daily The Hindu has reported, quoting a Sri Lankan Cabinet Minister.
The report added: "The Minister, who did not want to be named, said Premadasa always thought highly of the LTTE and its military prowess. And this was further strengthened when the Tigers managed to keep at bay' the Indian Peace Keeping Force.
“He said Premadasa never changed his opinion even after the Government-LTTE talks broke down in 1990 and the war resumed with a vengeance. He was convinced that the LTTE was one-up on the Sri Lankan army and told even the military leadership what
he thought of the Minister a
The Minist Premadasa-lo that the late gullible" and He got easily ( he had made difficult to rea
"Army sour comment. On Prabhakaran der, said: “He tioned militar. may also have cyanide capsu when we go to regretted the motivation of "misguided m
"Only when you realise h they have b because we ha ly,” Premadas, Minister and mer Presiden dene, for the s
Continued from page 15
experience life there, go to areas captured by the army to see the destruction and looting performed by the forces, make a risky journey through the Kilali-lagoon and finally see how Jaffna survives amidst a graveyard situation.
The government and its army appears to think that they can win the hearts of people by strangulation of the peninsula, shooting of passenger boats at mid-lagoon and denying the minimum food and medicine for survival. The reaction of the JOC and the Essential Services Command to requests by genuine civilians for basic necessities is wanting in logic, reasonability and human considerations.
An Illogical Embargo
Why do they insist on a list of 48 or more prohibited items to the North and only 3 such items to the East? Are not Tigers present in the East as well? Or is it because the government does not want the Sinhalese and the Muslims in the East to be devoid of their essentials while the people in the North can die of starvation?
What is the logic behind the list of
48 or more items prohibited into the
North? What is the rationality and human consideration behind that list? The government and the army seems
to argue, anyth must not be al Hence they pro Tigers depend white paper,
neither eat c cigarettes like t
Jafna P a Slow
Whatever : may be made Government a love for the T. Tigers', an inte sures taken rec rise to strong s well meaning T the Governmen 'slow genocide North'. If the present positio the peninsula indiscriminatel finish the nort cry may be he and the aid may government wł the only count feeds and cure insidiously and making the Per prison with les medicine, com etc., needed for

| AML TIMES 21
abhakaran
the continuing war,' dded.
er, once a staunch valist, was convinced President was "quite was "impressionistic". arried away but once up his mind, it was son with him. ces, when asked to the proposition of being their commanmay be an unquesy leader, but then we been forced to wear a le around our necks the battlefield." They wastage of talent and the Tiger cadres on a ssion”. you talk to them do ow nice they are. If ecome violent, it is ve treated them bada reportedly told this had blamed the fort Mr. J.R. Jayewarituation in the North
East.
The Minister said the LTTE, which had been forced to return to the negotiating table because of IPKF pressure, had made common cause with Premadasa to throw the IPKF out. So it often bluffed the gullible President.
"The Minister said none, including himself, had the courage to tell the autocratic President that the LTTE was bluffing him as the rebels sent their wounded cadres to Tamil Nadu for treatment.
"The slain President trusted the LTTE so much that it was a mystery to him when the LTTE broke off the peace talks and resumed fighting, the Minister said.
"It was not only the LTTE who bluffed Premadasa, the Minister said and added that a gentleman, knowing Premadasa's weakness for the occult, had given him what looked like a squirrel's nail, but had said it was rhinocero's horn. Premadasa who was told that the horn would make him more powerful, always had it in his pocket and the donor was soon appointed as the Ambassador to an Asian nation.'
ing used by the Tigers lowed into the North. hibit shoe polish (as if on polished shoes), chocolate (the Tigers hocolates nor smoke he army personnel).
eninsula is now death Chamber
sanctimonious claims of the intentions of the ld the Forces, with "the amils and hate for the lligent reading of meaently by the State give uspicion on the part of amils of the North that t is adopting a policy of of the Tamils in the State forces in their n of strength around were to run over and 7 do aerial attacks and hern operation, then a ard all over the world not flow in. Hence the ile boasting that ʻit is ry in the world that ; its enemies in war, cunningly engages in insula into an isolated s-than-minimum food, munication, transport life.
There is no legal entrance or exit to the Peninsula. The media-magicians of Colombo keep telling the Sinhalese in the South that there are more than three ways of going to Jaffna. But none of these journalists ever dared to test the veracity of their statements. Tens of thousands of Tamils are stranded in the south or imprisoned in the North, because the State points to ways which are either fatal or unrealizable. If we take Elephant Pass as the normal route, people know too well that it is not only the Tigers on their side but also the army on its side, who have planted land mines. Does the government want innocent civilians to be victims of these death-traps? If we take KKS, there is not the slightest arrangement made on the part of the government. How often has the government been requested to operate a passenger service between Trincomalee and Point Pedro/KKS? How many are stranded in Colombo for many weeks to be fleeced by t. . .otels and hanging for days and hours before the JOC can give a passage from Trinco to Point Pedro?
Slow Death in Progress With the excuse that all medical help to the Jaffna hospital is beneficial to the Tigers, important and urgent equipment is held up in Colombo. With Continued on page 29

Page 22
22 TAM TIMES
NeW Directions for Tamil S
by A. Govindan
The assassination of President Premadasa at a May Day parade in Colombo underscores the impasse the national liberation struggle is at. The response of both the Sri Lankan Government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam has been “Business as usual', while claiming to be open to a political solution through negotiation.
From the nationalist (or Eelamist) lobby we hear the same tired old strategies which boil down to the slogan - “Eelam or Death'. In favourable contrast, there have recently been in these pages three important contributions from the Left.
R. Manikkalingam; N. Shanmugaratnam and S. Sivasegaram', by tackling aspects of the Tamil struggle outline new directions for the liberation movement. What follows below is a modest contribution to a discussion which should be ongoing and collective to be truly productive.
There are four interlocking themes that motivate this paper. They are: i) The need to end the war, ii) The role of Tamil people in the struggle, iii) The real meaning of National Liberation and iv) The need to be inclusive of the aspirations of the Sinhala and Muslim and Up-Country Tamil communities.
Few are unaware of the desperate conditions in the North. The pressing need of ordinary people there is for the lifting of the blockade on food and medicines. They live in fear of imminent death by shelling from the Armed Forces and torture and/or imprisonment from the Tigers. How much longer can they be punished for a struggle fought in their name? In the East there have been 5,000 'disappearances' of Tamil youths in the last three years alone. Muslim and Sinhala villagers live in fear of massacres by the Tigers while Tamil villagers are the target of revenge attacks from HomeGuards and State forces. This insanity must end.
It is in a climate of peace and in a demilitarised society, that the Tamil people will regain their voice and be participants and leaders in the liberation struggle. At present it is those who wield guns who command authority. There is no structured relationship between the Tigers and the mass of Tamil civilians. None of the militant groups had a clear perspective of encouraging the people through their own organisations in a democratic fashion to determine the aims and demands, the conduct and tactics of the struggle.
Further, national be given its widest II be understood not throw of Tamil natio also as a radical, emancipatory proje exchange one oppr even if he speaks ( and hails from tl Women who have f. the battlefield and burder of war shoul to the bondage of the ly and conservativ must be the promis better stake in life fic dispossessed and thc castes if their sacrif worthwhile.
Finally, our strugg must be inclusive aspirations of the ( communities. A just National Question Muslim and Sinhal the "bogey' of sepa enabled Sinhala pol attention from the management and abuses. The messa across that an end an end to the retur in body bags and th development funds ware. Our peoples h mon than our lead admit.
The M
There are two my bedevil perceptions ( resolution. One is belief that Premadas to be amenable to justice. Second is the that Mother India our present predica behave ourselves.
As soon as he President Premadas portray himself as minority communiti look over his term re substance was ach peaceful settlement. tary Select Commit right from the start U.N.P. mor the S.L. themselves to make : Tamil demands. A Chief of the Arme ultimately responsib tion of the war.
In a brilliant a Quadri Ismail notes

truggle
liberation should meaning. It should only as the overinal oppression but democratic and ct. We should not essor for another our own language he same village. ught as equals on borne the greater d not be returned a patriarchal famie beliefs. There se of a larger and or the poor and the pse from depressed ice is to have been
gle if it is to prevail of the needs and other Sri Lankan settlement of the will benefit the a people too. It is aratism that has liticians to deflect ir economic mishuman rights ge must be got to the war means n of their menfolk he squandering of on military hardlave more in comers would care to
yths
ths that presently on the war and its the widely held sa was more likely Tamil claims for sentimental hope will bail us out of ument if only we
came into office, a was at pains to
a friend to the es. Yet a critical veals that little of ieved towards a The Parliamen5tee was a sham with neither the ..F.P. committing any concessions to s Commander-ind Forces he was le for the prosecu
nalysis, elsewhereo ; that '....all Pre
15 JULY 1993
LAASALALS AqASLMSAqAeqAJAASSLALLSAAAAASSSDSSSSL SSSSSSMMMAL LLASJSSSEAALSSSSSSSAAAAAALASSASSMMSSJJS
madasa desires is some means of keeping the Tigers alive so he can remind the Sinhala voter, without actually saying so, that he intends to exterminate them. Meanwhile the Tigers too are complicit in this strategy because “. . . Prabakaran needs the war in order to maintain his grip over the Tamil people. For only as long as the war goes on can he convince the Jaffna public that the Sinhala state is racist and cannot be relied upon. This way, he can be certain of their support, however shaky, since in peacetime the Tamils are likely to complain about his rule of terror.'
Premadasa was a populist albeit of the right wing variety. His slender vote base meant he had to be seen to be the 'common man's President. The enfranchisement of Up-Country Tamils saved the Central Province for the U.N.P. in the recent Provincial Council elections. His ostensible championing of social justice drew around him many erstwhile leftist and liberal intellectuals who theorised an ideology out of the politics of pragmatism. His assassination was a gift for the U.N.P. as it removed their greatest electoral liability. Individual terrorism achieves nothing. Premadasa is dead but his policies remain in place and are pursued with equal zeal by the Sinhala ruling class.
A more serious myth and one which has had tragic consequences for Tamils has been the supposed benevolent role of India. The record of the misnamed Indian Peace Keeping force” should rebut any protestations of Indian Government goodwill towards the Tamil cause. (I make the distinction so often blurred between the Indian state and the Indian people.)
The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi was an awful blunder. It lost the Tamils the support of the people of Tamil Nadu who had been the most loyal and selfless friends of the struggle. It paved the way for the repatriation often involuntary, of Tamil refugees back to the war zone. It was always the pressure of the South Indian Tamils and never Indira Gandhi or M.G. Ramachandran which focussed attention on the Tamils' plight.
The Indian state however has always been a manipulator and sometime actor in Tamil politics. Its involvement in Sri Lanka has always been an extension of its position as regional superpower. Having perfected the art of state terrorism in the Punjab and currently brutally crushing the intifada (uprising) in Kashmir, can we expect an Indian Government to genuinely support us? If our struggle is just, so too is that of the brave Kashmiris and they deserve

Page 23
15 JULY 1993
the solidarity of every Tamil.
Basis of Settlement
There is already the bare bones of a political settlement between the Sri Lankan Government and the Tigers. It is encapsulated in the Four Point proposal of Ceylon Workers Congress leader, S. Thondaman, and has the support of all Tamil parties outside of the LTTE as well as progressive individuals and organisations from the Sinhala and Muslim communities including the Nava Sama Samaja Party. dr Permanently merged NorthEastern Province shall be the unit of devolution.
Substantial devolution of power ensuring meaningful autonomy to the unified unit.
Institutional arrangement within the larger framework of the unbifurcated North-Eastern province for the Muslim community ensuring its cultural identity and security.
* Sinhalese will enjoy all the rights that other minorities have in the rest of the country.
Clearly this proposal constitutes an absolute minimum for an honourable solution on the part of the Tamil nation. Its shortcomings aside it should be defended against Sinhala nationalists who see it as too great a concession and against Tamil nationalists who believe in an all or nothing package.
The four point formula is the basis for both combatants to end hostilities and start negotiations. there must be an unconditional ceasefire and the immediate lifting of the economic and humanitarian blockade on the North.
However any talks between the Government and the Tigers should not be behind closed doors and in the obscene luxury of a Five Star hotel. If the Tigers truly believe in their selfappointed role as 'sole legitimate representatives of the Tamil people, surely they have nothing to hide from us.
Certainly there is no right for either party to exclude any concerned group from participating. This includes all the ex-militant groups. While this writer deplores the mercenary role of some Tamil groups on the Government’s side, none of the Tamil guerrillas have a blameless record. They each have no greater legitimacy than the other to participate in the peace proCSS.
There should also be the participation of not only political parties but also trade unions, women's groups, religious organisations, nonGovernmental organisations especially citizen's committees etc. In short it
should aim to be the majority of and Tamil masse enabled to partal
Refe
At any rate ne end perspective f Indeed the lack o Tamil parties an people to articul present means w towards a demo the North-East.
This referendu parties to test th individual perspe struggle forwards larity of their o range of options s the people rangir to “Eelam”. If the wish to agitate fo should be allowe state interference
For a genuine vironment to test of the people, the tarisation of sc Forces should wi tant groups shoul long term a citize formed which wil area in which it i able to the comm
The suggestior sarily vague and
long way from ev
cessation of hostil to push both the Tigers towards th
At present the Tamils outside of Lanka are entrus task. Among the the vocal minorit. tic majority who one simple dema All their not inco should be used blackmail toward
Tamils in Sri must cease to b the North-East vacuum separate tical life in the ra
The Sinhala through the long 1990 when the terrorism and J them of 60,000 brightest youth. years will not be tions. In 1990th hungry for peасе tic than ever bef justice. It was a dered by “Eelam

TAMIL TIMES 23
a dialogue to which he Sinhala, Muslim are encouraged and e in.
'endum
otiations are not the r the Tamil struggle.
legitimacy of all the | the inability of the te their opinions at
should swiftly move ratic referendum in
m would enable all e popularity of their ctives on taking the
as well as the popurganisations. A full hould be presented to g from unitary state TTE and any others secession then they d to do so without
ly free and fair en, the democratic will re must be a demili
ciety. The Armed
thdraw and all milid be disarmed. In the ns” militia should be l be drawn from the s based and accountunity.
ns above are necessketchy. We are a en the first step of a
ities. What can we do
Government and the is? Tamil diaspora and the North-East in Sri ted with much of this liaspora it is not only but also the apatheshould unite around nd, "End this War'. insiderable resources to lobby, bully and s this goal.
Lanka and outside lieve that events in happen inside of a and apart from polist of the island.
people have been
nightmare of 1987win terrors of State 7P terrorism robbed of the youngest and The trauma of those
overcome for genera
Sinhala people were and more sympathere to Tamil claims for opportunity squanWar II”.
In the movements for human rights, for justice to the families of the "Disappeared', in defence of democratic freedoms and the progressive anti-war Sinhala press e.g. Yukthiya, Ravaya, Haraya etc., Tamil people must unite with the Sinhalese and Muslims. In the campaigns of Up-Country Tamils to break out of the cycle of poverty and serfdom and against the privatisation of Tea Estates we should be alongside them.
The last word belongs to Rajani Thiranagama, socialist, feminist and educator. She was murdered in September 1989 in Jaffna by the LTTE.
'On top of all No one cares for the people The Sri Lankan government, the lind- '
an Army Not even the Tigers nor the other is
nOvernments Today We are a trapped people We are made to walk this suicidal trip Our great brave defenders and freedom fighters lure the enemy Right to our doorstep To the inside of the hospital Start a fight lignite a landmine Fire from each and every refugee camp Escape to safety And then come the shells whizzing, whizzing Bloody hell Tigers have withdrawn, while We the sacrificial lambs Drop dead in lots."
Notes.
See Tamil Times, October 1992; January 1993 and March 1993 respectively.
A select committee on the NorthEast chaired by Mangala Moonesinghe 'distinguished' only by the Srinivasan proposal backed by the UNP to de-link the North-East.
* “Yet Another UNP Filibuster', Pravada, Vol.1 No.6 June 1992.
'Letter From Jaffna' (November 1987), p.10 Rajani Thiranagama Memorial Booklet, South Asia Solidarity Group October 1989.
Bharatha Natyam Classes Mrs. Anandarani Balendra conducts the above classes at St. Mary's Church Hall, Neasden, London NW10. There are a few more vacancies. Those interested please apply early. Please telephone 081-459.4335 or write to 7 Oldfield Road, London NW10 9UD.

Page 24
24 TAMIL TIMES
The Assassination Probe
Serious lapses on the part of police personnel in charge of the security of the late President Premadasa have been identified by the Special Investi
gating Team (SIT) which is continuing
with inquiries into his assassination. It is these lapses and the reported close association that had developed between the alleged suicide-killer of the President and his security staff that have led to the detention of Assistant Superintendent of Police, Douglas Perera and some other staff members and the continuing interrogation of others by the SIT.
One senior officer of the SIT said that had those in charge of the President's security taken proper measures at least after being told of the information that Deputy Inspector General of Police, Amarasena Rajapakse, had received on 9 March of a threat to the President's life by possible poisoning, Premadasa's assassination could have been avoided. If proper investigations had been carried out and adequate screening of all those who were connected or associated with the domestic staf at the President's private residence, Sucharitha, had been undertaken, it would have been possible to have found out, before the assassination, the true identity of the Presi
MLTIMES Ltd. Po box 121
Sutton, Surrey SM1 3D
*%;ళxళ;
snickosse a debaix &
My che queidratto, infavorotrani Tries ikdiskotskoalvskæof:
dent's alleged killer wh worked his way into th the President's valet through him others.
Further investigat assassinations of Presi sa and Lalith Athulat ported to have reveale alleged assassins had b. more than a year not each other giving rise cion that they might touch with each other i murders.
Premadasa's susp Kulaveerasingham Vee Babu, had been living Dias Place, Kehelwat alleged killer of Lalith A li, Kandiah Ragunatha hundred metres away Radio/TV Repairs shop Road, Pettah, where h until 2pm on the day A was murdered. Both ha ombo from Jaffna in Ap had arrived at Colomb 1992 whereas Raguna rived on 22 April.
The Asiri Radio/TV which now remains si police, had been taken year paying its Muslim
UN
Informed circles in Color dent that a coalition ruling United National and the opposition Demc National Front (DUNF) certainty in the near fut tion regarding the allia the two parties has b following meetings betw. D.B. Wijetunga, who is a of the UNP, and Mr. sanayake who took overt of the DUNF after the as Mr. Lalith Athulathmud
Political analysts belie is no justifiable politic reason for DUNF’s sepan following the assassinat dent Premadasa. It was clash and friction betwee President on the one han Athulathmudali and sanayake on the other a impeachment move made madasa by the latter tw their expulsion from the gave rise to the form DUNF comprised of an dissidents.
It is reported that I ministers are in favour o'
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

) had by then confidence of Iohideen, and
ons into the lent Premadamudali are rethat the two en resident for very far from to fresh suspihave been in h planning the
ected killer, irakumar alias at a flat along te, while the thulathmudal, was just one
at the Asiri along Central e had worked thulathmudali d come to Colril 1992. Babu o on 5 April than had ar
Repairs shop, ealed by the on rent last owner a pre
15 JULY 1993
mium of Rs. 40,000 and a monthly rental of Rs. 1,500 by Iyakannu Sathivel and Ragunathan (Athulathmudali's assassin) who ran it in partnership. According to detectives, Sathivel and three others identified as Pe duru pillai Jebanes an alias Kavushalyan, Selliah Kailendran and Markandu Selvarasa, all close associates, had gone missing following the killing of Athulathmudali. It was Kailendran who had helped Babu (Premadasa's killer) to become a partner with an investment of Rs. 500,000 in a shop at Dias Place owned by a Sinhalese trader named Sujeeva.
Police are said to have established that Jebanesan and Ragunathan lived in close proximity to each other at Kotehena, while Sathivel lived in a rented room at Maligawatte. Meanwhile, detectives who had travelled to Valaichenai in Batticaloa district are reported to have arrested a 35-yearold woman, a native of Chavakachcheri in northern Jaffna, and a man described as her husband for being allegedly involved in the conspiracy to killi Athulathmudali whose alleged killer Ragunathan had been living in the couple's house at Gunananda Mawatte, Kotahena at the time of the assassination. The couple had disappeared following the murder on 23 April, but the police traced them to Valichenai on a tip-off.
P-DUNF Coalition Mooted
mbo are confibetween the Party (UNP) cratic United will become a ure. Speculaince between come strong een President
lso the leader
Gamini Dishe leadership
sassination of
ali.
ve that there al or policy ate existence ion of Presithe personal in the former
d and Lalith
Gamini Disnd the failed against Prefollowed by
UNP which tion of the i-Premadasa
any cabinet the return of
the DUNF into the UNP fold. Even those ministers who are regarded as "Premadasa Loyalists' who want to keep alive the memory and legacy of the slain President would appear to have raised no objections to the move. Although they remain angry that Gamini Dissanayake, Lalith Athulathmudali and other DUNFers carried on a campaign of personal vilification and character assassination of the late President, they are said to be looking at the issue from the point of view of UNP's self-preservation in power.
The electoral performance at the recently held Provincial Council elections of both the UNP and the DUNF would appear to have given the impetus for this mutual urge to merge. The UNP managed to achieve less than 50 per cent of the total votes and failed to obtain a majority of seats by itself in three of the seven Provincial Councils. Many analysts believe that the 14 per cent of the votes obtained by the DUNF was primarily responsible for the dent in the UNP's support base, particularly among the middle and upper classes. The DUNF's present

Page 25
15 JULY 1993
Continued from page 24
leadership also could not have been too happy about their own performance. It failed to win more seats in any of the Councils than the other opposition SLFP-led Peoples Alliance. Many have almost written off the capacity of the DUNF developing into a powerful third force in the future.
Gamini Dissanayake’s recent pronouncements seem to confirm his projected return to the UNP fold. On one occasion he said: "We were antiPremadasa. We were not anti-UNP'. At a recent press conference, he is reported to have said: "We were never against the UNP, we brought up the impeachment motion against what we saw as abuse of presidential power. With the assassination of President Premadasa, confrontational politics has been diluted. Friendly politics should replace confrontational politics. The present President D.B. Wijetunga has already given signs that he will be a different person.'
gi
Prim
Sri Lankan Prime Wickremasinghe, in the Liberation Tiger (LTTE) Velupillai direct talks to find solution to the decad flict, when he gave a June to a journalist visit to New Delhi.
The Prime Ministe there was any truth reports that the Sri ment was planning assistance for a seco the problem of the II the ethnic problem. over. We have to s problems'.
Mr. Wickremasin Sri Lankan governi to find a political sett war which has so than 33,000 lives. A time-frame in mind
“Do Not Spend Aid on Wal
World Bank Warns Gout.
Donor countries expect the government of Sri Lanka to scale down public expenditure, not to allocate their aid given for other purposes to the government's war or defence effort, and to utilise the funds granted without delay. This view of the donor countries had been conveyed by the World Bank representatives to top Treasury officials with whom they held talks in mid-June.
A World Bank delegation led by Mr. Pul Isenman, Head of the South Asia Department of the World Bank, was in Sri Lanka and held talks in Colombo in advance of the meeting of the Sri Lanka Aid Group held later in Paris.
Government expenditure will have to be compensated by increasing the revenue as the 850-900 million US dollars that Sri Lanka was expected to bid for from the Aid Group would be allocated to infrastructural development.
The World Bank and the donor countries have expressed displeasure that the funds allocated to Sri Lanka had not been utilised, and Mr. Isenman had advised Treasury officials that such delay was unacceptable. Sixty per cent of last year's aid had not been utilised especially in power, telecommunications, health and education schemes. For example, R.s. 2,500 million had not been utilised from the aid allocated to the power sector.
Last year, the
France and Norwa buted funds to Sri L Paris Aid Group du on the issue of huma in the island, and Ja ble for 70 per cent while the United Sta per cent.
Continued from pag
British Government Jaffna Hospital. Rec based Standing Co Speaking People (SI sentations to Presid ga to release the eq nitarian grounds.
Many Tamil Mem also protested at action. "The probler ism and the ongoing excuse for the deni facilities to the bes Jaffna Hospital is t kind functioning in ern province. It ha reputation as a sou pital. To deny the p medical attention plementing any prc creasing the medi biased' against the stated a letter to t. the EPRLF Memb Mr. S. Premachand

TAMIL TIMES 25
e Minister Calls Prabhakaran
for Direct Talks
Minister Ranil ited the leader of of Tamil Eelam rabhakaran for lasting political 2-long ethnic conn interview on 23 during his recent
r also denied that In the speculative Lankan governto seek India's nd time to tackle TTE and to solve "That chapter is olve our internal
ghe reiterated the ment’s willingness lement to the civil far claimed more sked if he had a for finding a solu
United Kingdom, y had not contrianka through the e to their concern un rights violations pan was responsi
of last year's aid utes contributed 25
tion, the premier said: "If possible, we would like to find a solution by tomor. row.' He explained that the government never really gave up the political option to settle the ethnic problem. The military action is no option as such, but is necessary to persuade the LTTE to give up guerrilla warfare as a futile exercise
The Prime Minister regretted that Mr. Prabhakaran had ignored the Sri Lankan government's invitation for direct talks. He admitted that neither he nor any of his ministerial colleagues had ever met the LTTE leader. He made it clear that in a democracy, the LTTE must be prepared to discuss its demands with the government across the table. It must be prepared to fight elections along with other political parties in the island. There was no way anyone could hand over power to the LTTE on a platter without holding elections.
Reacting to the PM's call to the Tiger leader for direct talks, a Tamil politician in Colombo said: "Prabhakaran will never agree to such talks. During the 14 months of LTTE's negotiations with Premadasa and his Ministers, it was the others in the LTTE who engaged in the talks. He regards his personal security as most paramount and he will never venture out. The Tigers will take up the stand that it is not for others to decide to whom they will talk; the LTTE leadership will decide that.'
je 13
had gifted to the 'ently the Londonmmittee of Tamil DOT) made repreent D.B. Wijetunuipment on huma
bers of Parliament the government's h of LTTE terrorwar cannot be an l of basic medical ieged people. The he only one of its the entire northd also acquired a nd Teaching Hosople of the north, und to delay imlects aimed at inal service to be eople of the north, le President from r of Parliament, 8.
Health Minister, Mrs. Renuka Herath told newspapers recently that arrangements were being made to release medical aid to the Jaffna Hospital as quickly as possible. She said that the British Council had indicated their wish that the entire stock of equipment should be sent to the Jaffna peninsula. But she was awaiting the British Council's approval to divert some of the aid to other hospitals in the northeast region.
Presently the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the French medical NGO, Medicine Sans Frontieres (MSF), are involved in the running of the Jaffna Hospitals while the MSF and Cuban Medical Specialists are in service in the rest of the northeast region and the north central province. It is believed that the release of the British medical aid will considerably enhance the capability of the hospitals in the war-ravaged areas which have been starved of supplies for a long time. The Jaffna Teaching Hospital will benefit the most.

Page 26
26 TAMIL TIMES
CLASSIFIED ADS
First 20 words 10. Each additional word 60p. Charge for Box No. 3 (Wat 17/2% extra)
s Prepayment essential The Advertisement Manager, Tani Times Ltd, PO Box 121
Sutton. Surrey SM 3TD Phone: 081-644. O972
MATRMONIAL Jaffna Hindu sister seeks educated, fair, attractive bride under 25 for her brother, 28, analyst programmer, UK resident. Send details, horoscope, photo. M 667 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Tamil parents settled in UK seek an educated Christian partner for their 29-yearold graduate daughter, UK citizen, horoscope not essential. Please send details and a photo to M 668 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu parents seek bride for their son, 26, tall, handsome, Australian citizen. Send photo, horoscope, details, M 669 c/o Tamil Tinnes. Jaffna Hindu parents seek preferably qualified partner for computer professional son, 29, Working in London. Send photo, horoscope, details. M 670 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu parents seek qualified partner'
for daughter, 24, 5, employed in computer firm in Colombo. Send details with horoscope. M 671 C/o Tamil TifneS.
Hindu professional parents resident in U.K. : seek for 26-year-old doctor daughter, British
qualified, cheerful and versatile, preferably a doctor, others of similar profession considered. M 672 C/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Catholic mother seeks fair, pretty, modest, fairly educated bride with good family background for British born son, 27, holding government administrative post. Send photo, horoscope, details. M 673 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Tamil parents seek Hindu doctor or other very academically qualified bride for well qualified doctor son, 31, practising in Australia. M 674 C/o Tanni Tirnes.
WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couples on their recent wedding.
Haran son of Dr. & Mrs. Poopalarajah of 24 Orchard Way, Shirley, Croydon, Surrey CRO 7NG and Sivajini daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Sivagnanasundaram of 15A First Cross Street, Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar, Thiruvanmiyur, Madras 41 at Hotel Picnic Plaza, Ramakrishna Mutt Road, Mylapore, Madras 4 on 1st July 1993.
Sri Kantha son of Mr. & Mrs. K. Mailvaganam of Tellippalai, Sri Lanka and Dr. Vasantha daughter of the late Mr. & Mrs. V. Paramanathar of Thirunelveli, Sri Lanka in Toronto on 4.7.93. Thayalan son of the late Mr. Karthigesu and Mrs. C. Karthigesu of Alaveddy, Jaffna and Anushya daughter of the late Mr. Sabanayagam and Mrs. V. Sabanayagam of 41 Chetty Street, Nallur, Jaffna on 3.793 at Hare Kirishna Temple, Toronto, Canada.
SSMLSSLMMqkYa SLHHLSAS SSLLLLLSSS0LASLeLeeSeSqLLLLLSLLSSLLSS0SSAAS
Shankar son of Dr. & Mrs. M. 92 Hitchings Way, Reigate Geetha daughter of the late Pr jan and Mrs. K. Thurairajan c Road, Selly Oak, Birmingham Rutlish School Hall, London S
OBITUARIES
Mr. Appukutty Thambirajah Physician, beloved husband Nagammah; loving father of Dr. am (Streatham, London), Si Lanka), Muthulingam (Toron Mahalingam (Wembley, U.K.), (Toronto, Canada), and Selva sauga, Canada); loving father-it Malar, Vicky, Vasanthi, Ganeshathasan, loving grandfa lan, Kavitha, Sivaranjini, Sivaru Theepan, Partheeban, Aarar Rohan and Rahavan passed aw On 26.6.93 and was Crennated Jafna. - Dr. T. Gunasuntharam Avenue, London SW16 2PZ. 5688.
Jacob Thamotheram Tham Born: May 20, 192c Gone to Glory: June 7,
Mr. Thambyratnam was born i family in Atchweli, Jaffna. He we in a Christian atmosphere by his were very dedicated Christians.
He had his early education in J College which was a Christian Matriculation he joined the Maa College, where he got his B.A. d. return to Sri Lanka he joined Ko College where he was a distin well respected teacher. He obt ploma in Education at the Ceylon and was appointed Vic Union College, Tellipalai where his retirement. After retirement time in Church and Civic activitie the Lord as the secretary of Church. At the request of the Parliament, he started the Vavu and was its Director.
Since his children had emigra States, he and his wife Mercy Even here he devoted himself to following his Master in all respec model husband and father, alwa of their happiness and needs.
He leaves behind his loving daughter Emilyn Pathmajeyan Jove Sathiananthan (Bubby), Jc than (Thevu), and Charles P. (Ranjan) - Mrs. Mercy Thambyré Sierra Tree, Riverside, CA 9250
 
 

ananathan of
Surrey and f. P. Thurairao 3:1 Frederick On 107.93 at W19.
Rasa), Native
of the late Gunasuntharvalingam (Sri to, Canada), Ratnasingam malar (Missis-law of Rajini,
Kala and ther Of Ninnaban, Thariini, i, Samanthi, /ay peacefully at Kuppilan, i, 48 Leigham Tel: O81-677
byratnam )
1993
a Christian is brought up parents who
affna Central School. After ras Christian agree. On his pay Christian guished and ained his DiJniversity of 2-Principal of he worked till he spent his S. He served C.S. l. Uldu vil
member of mia Academy
'ed to United joined them. worship and ts. He was a ys conscious
wife Mercy, "Mala), sons e Satkunanemananthan tnam, 1 1034 5, USA.
15 JULY 1993
Rev. Rajakumar Thurairajah, Minister Dutch Reformed Church, Sri Lanka, belovec son of the late Mr. R.J. Thurairajah anc Sountharamani (Canada), loving husband of Kirupamalar father of Tanuja, Shanika (Canada), and Rohith, much loved brother of Rajini Mahendran (New Zealand) and Ranjo Joseph (Canada) passed away in Madras hospital on 13th March 1993. Funeral services were held in Kohuwela Church where he was the Pastor and at Dutch Reformed Church, Wellawatte on the 20th of March, led by Rev. Jansz and Rev. Du Plessis of South Africa. Service of remembrance and thanksgiving were held in St. Margaret's Tamil Anglican Church, Ontario and Fairview Church of God, North York by the members of his family. - 11, Patrick Blvd., Willowdale, Ontario, Canada.
Mrs. Sowpakiam Sinnadurai (79), beloved wife of the late S.T. Sinnadurai J.P. (Founder of Leela Press and Leela Group of Companies); everloving mother of Sundaralingam, J.P. U.M., Attorney-at-Law, the late Balendra, Attorney-at-law, Dr. Somasegaram (Bexley, Kent), Arulanantham, J.P. (Ramsons Group of Companies), Dhesabandu (Leela Engineering Pvt Ltd.), Loganathan (Leela Press), Dhanabala J.P. (Dinorshan Trading), Sockanathan (USA), Ravindran (Leela Exports & imports), loving mother-in-law of Gnanaluxmi, Puvaneswari, Indira Devi, Amirthambikai, Sarojini, Kirupaluxmi, Kamalaveni, Srimani and Anjana, grandmother of Mrs. Manjula Lannan, Mrs. Janaki Veerakumar, Murali, lnthiran, Rajmohan, Geetha, Priya, Subha, Shaun, Arjuna, Anujan, Anjana, Dishani, Dinesh, Pranavan, Dharshan, DinorShan, Diluckshan, Shalini, Shivani, Hishendra and Shaileendra, great grandmother of Ashan, Avin and Ryan passed away peacefully on 25th June 1993 at 62 Bandaranaike Mawatha, Colombo 12 - 69 Wansunt Road, Bexley, Kent DA52DJ. Tel: 0322525170.
IN MEMORAM
in loving memory of Mr. Sampanther Cumaraswamy on the second anniversary of his passing away on 7th July 1991.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by his wife Rasaletchumy, his children and grandchildren - 22 Calder Gardens, Edgware, Middx. HA85PT.

Page 27
15jüLY 1993
In loving memory of Mr. Sabaratnam Subhaschandran of 'Anandamanai”, Vathiry, Karaveddi. He passed away under tragic circumstances due to aerial bombing by Sri Lankan Air Force on 10th June 1992 at Tellipalai, near Thurkai Amman Temple. His father-in-law and mother-in-law Mr. & Mrs. R. Mahalingam and sister-in-law Miss Mathanakala Mahalingam were also killed in the same incident.
in our hearts you will always stay Loved and remembered everyday.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by wife Sashikala, children Vijay, Sharmillee, Nirobini and Surobini, brothers, sisters, nieces and nephews. - Dr. S. Ravindran, 1 Perton Grove, Wightwick, Wolverhampton, U.K.
ln ever roving ( ā Sivapackiam (Thanagammah) Thambirajah on the first anniversary of her passing away on 16th July 1992.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by her children Nadarajah-Naysun, Mangayatkarasi, Leelawathi, Kirupananthan, Yogarajah and Sarojini Thevy; sons-in-law Manickavasagar, Ganeshamoorthy and Perinpanathan; daughters-in-law Rajeswari, Uma and Chandravathani; grandchildren, nephews and nieces - 214 Demesne Road, Wallington, Surrey SM68EN. Tel: 081-3958013.
in fond memory of Mr. Thambapillai Ramanathan on the first anniversary of his passing away on 21st July 1992.
Sadly missed and lovingly remembered by his dear wife Nirmala Yogaranee, brothers, sisters, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, nephews and nieces - 9 Osbourne Gardens, Thornton Heath, Surrey, U.K.
in loving memory of garajah on the seco passing away to glory
Sadly missed and his loving wife Man, Vasanthi, Mohan anc Devakumar; grandchill Selvaranee, Amirthara 31 Donald Street, E bourne, Victoria 3130,
in loving memory of Xavier (Bobby) son c Paul Francis Xavier on of his passing away or
Sadly missed and f. his loving wife Christir Gavin and Marian Thakschi - 150 Eswyn 8TN.
in everloving memo Jayaratnam who pass You were the centre o But Cruel fate Snatche midst So abruptly shrouding despair Would the void in our I For this act of God rem, still For no one can take ya Sorrowfully remembe Jayam; daughters K Sumanthini, sisters Kat Box 174, Gaborone, B
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Herbert Rasiah Kanand anniversary of his
On 25.7.91.
'ondly remembered by i, children Dhayanthi, Suhanthi son-in-law d Rebecca, and Sisters mee and Thevaranee - 'lackburn South, Mei
Australia.
Canisius Ravindran of the late Mr. & Mrs. the fourth anniversary
13th July 1989.
ondly remembered by e and children Giles, and daughter-in-law Road, London SW17
ry of Mrs. Sushila ed away on 14.0791. four existence
ld you away from our
our world in gloom and
earts ever go away ains incomprehensible
burplace Amma.
red by your husband alyani, Tharani and nala and indira — P.O. ):SVara.
TAMIL TIMES 27.
in loving memory of Mrs. Mankay Sivasampu on the third anniversary of her passing away от 28.90
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by her two sons. - 15 Wolsey Way, Chessington, Surrey KT9 1XQ.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS July 25 5.30pm Kalabhavanam present Chamber Music, Flute Duet by Ranjith 8 Prayantha disciples of Rudrani Balachandran at 14 Willis Road, Croydon. July 31 6.30pm Tamil Performing Arts Society celebrates its 15th Anniversary with "Ganasakaram' a musical extravaganza at Merton Hall, Kingston Road, London SW19. Aug. 2 Full Moon. Aug. 6 Feast of the Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus, Aug. 8 Day Tour & Picnic organised by Senior Tamils' Centre, Ontario, Canada. Aug. 10 Feast of St. Lawrence. Aug. 14 Ekathasi. Aug. 15 Pirathosam, Feast of Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, London Sri Murugan Temple, East Ham, London E12 - Annual Chariot Festival. Aug. 17 Amavasai. Aug. 20 Feast of St. Bernard. Aug. 21 Sathunthi. Aug. 24 Feast of St. Bartholomew, Aug. 25 Feast of St. Louis. Aug. 26 Aavani Moolam. Aug. 27 Ekathasi. Feast of St. Monica. Aug. 28 Feast of St. Augustine. Aug. 29 Pirathosam. 5.30pm Kalabhavanam presents Chamber Music Concert by Dr. Lakshmi Jayan and Aravind Jayan, Violin Duet at 14 Willis Road, Croydon. Aug. 31. J.S.S.A. Festival of Cricket at John Billiam Grounds, Kenton, Harrow, Middx. U.K.
At the Bhavan Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London W14 9HQ. Tel: 071 381 3O86,4608.
Aug. 6 7.45pm Santoor by Sri R. ViswesWara Aug. 75.30pm Mahabharata Lecture by Sri Mathoor Krishnamurthi — Concluding lecture.
Continued on page 28

Page 28
28 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 27
Aug. 77.00pm Carnatic Vocal Concert by Dr. M. Balamural Krishna. Aug. 86.30pm Carnatic Vocal Concert by Dr. M. Balamural Krishna. Aug. 8 6.30pm Bharatanatyam -- Janmashtami Special by Chitra Wisweswaran. Aug. 15 6.30pm Indian Independence Day Celebrations - Speeches and Cultural Progfamme. All Welcome,
Bharatha Natya Arangetram
Shangitha, seventeen-year-old daughter of Dr. Raj and Shanthy Rajendran, presented on the 24th of April, one of the most spectacular arangetrams, Melbourne has seen.
in the tastefully decorated Nunawading Arts Centre, the audience was Captivated with the performance for the full two and a half hours. Shangitha began her dance training from the tender age of six, under the expert eye of her mother and guru Shanthy Rajendran, (who is the founder of the Nrithakeshetra School of Classic Dance in Colombo in 1974 and now in Melbourne since 1980) an internationally acclaimed teacher of Bharatha Natyam, The musicians accompanying her were: Dr. Rama Rao and Sri Shanmugaraghavan on vocals, Sri Ramanatha Iyer veena, her uncle Sri R. Suthanthiraraj flute, Sri M. Ravichandra mridangam and her mother natuwangan.
The introductory piece was an invocation to Lord Ganesh. This was followed by a section from Sivapuranam and Pushpanjali. This was the foretaste to the nine other items which followed in quick succession. The alarnipu in ganda chappu was executed with meticulous precision. Almost instantly she got into the spirit of her Rangapravesam and gave a performance remarkable for its gutso and confidence. Shangitha demonstrated her ability to take on the challenge of Shanmuga Kavutham conbination of Jathi and Sahitya, depicting various sculptures of the poses of Lord Shanmuga and also in the Swarajati, in which to the repetitive notes in a given Thala, she wove a variety of dance patterns. The Varnam the most complex and demanding item, revealed her flawless footwork and her mastery of exquisite expressions. In the first Padam, Sri Chakra Raja, Shangitha skilfully depicted the goddess Devi as represented in many temples. In the second, she portrayed with finesse and feeling, the aspirations, frustration and excited anticipation of the adoring devotee. The Keerthanam and Ashtapadi came next and was followed by the
final Brindavani Thilliana in demonstrated a variety of c terns. These and the Manga Scintilating evening of en showed the dedication of th
The British Tami
The British Directory which tion is expected to be an up book of Tamil business, cu sional organisations. It wil information of each Tami enterprise, namely its nam phone and fax number and of its activities and services Words. A Wide range of ce from academic tuition to gro Services to accountants exis All Tamil individuals and ( invited to send their deta Concise description of theirs Tani Directory, 180 Sh Forest Gate, London E7 8 081-471 2348.
Tamil Drama
in Londo
inspired by the Bengali stage undergraduates of Kattubed the late seventies formed the avant garde theatre group ut Tamil Performing Arts Societ language calls itself Tamil A Kazhakam, a Strange sound accepted as a trade mark for emigrating to London during ti some of the members of the g their theatrical activities and far fifty plays in and arou remarkable and tenacious a deed. We had the pleasure of 15th year celebrations and f 19th June last at the South N
They put on board three sho differentsizes and format. Oft play written and produced ye, then Delhi based writer indira (now he is Professor and head ment of Drama, Pondicheny rain as a symbol for continuing tor stood out best. Although tr than thirty years old, it, in Balendra and his troupe evoke applause of the audience. The dra, Vigneswara, Krishnarajaa took the full stage and ena drama.
Bharata Dharman, another origin and Tamil version by Madras, depicting an old Mal sode needed some time for th recall a rare incident in the st Pandavas and the wax palace. Nammai Piditha Pisasukal (t
 
 
 

which Shangitha :ross rhythmic patlam completed the tertainment which is young dancer.
Directory
is under prepara-to-date reference ltural and profesContain concise organisation or e, address, felea brief description not exceeding 25 ategories ranging NCeries and travel st already. brganisations are ls allong with a ervices to British ewsbury Road, CJ. Tel & Fax:
Festiva
Οη
9 in india, some de University in nSelves into an der the banner v Which in Tamil vaikkatu Kalaik ing title though the group. After he early eighties IOup Continued have staged so ind London, a Chievement inattending their iftieth show on 27Wood Centre.
rt plays of three hen MAZHAla
ars ago by the .
Parthasarathy d of the DepartUniversity) with family tormenmisplay is more
the hands of d Spontaneous quartet Balenind Anandarani Icted a family
play of Bengali Writer Grani of habharata epihe audience to ory of Pancha The third play, he devils that
15 JULY 1993
holdus) by the children of Brent Tamil School proved very attractive. Make-up and acting as well as the direction captivated the audience.
The continued devotion and perSeverance of the members of the group under the Stewardship of K. Balendra in maintaining a particular idiom in their productions, mainly drawing inspiration from the plays in modern European and Bengali languages, is corn
Terdable.
Sivapatha Sundaram.
Karnatic Veena & Vocal Concerts at Bhavan
The month of May ended as it had begun with splendid recitals of Karnatic music by the students of Smt. Sivasakthy Sivanesan. The programme on 1st May by her veena students showed us the immense skill and patience of her teaching by the result of two hours of joyful and devoted music.
The junior group commenced the programme and the highlights in this section were a Khamas Svarajati and a Jatisvaram in Hamsadhvani both set to Adi tala. The intermedate group played the fascinating Ganesa Pancharatnam to words attributed to Adi Sankara. Its regular rhythmic melody was delightfully rendered by this group, it was the turn of the seniors for the rest of the evening. A number of Kirtanas were played including the Pancharatnam in Nata, Jagadananda, Samajavara in Hindolam and Paridanam icchite in Bilahari all by Tyagaraja. A spirited rendering of Pattnam Subrahmanya Aiyar's Raghuvamsasudha and a Tillana concluded the evening.
On the 31st May a programme entitled "Geetha Layam' was presented by her students of vocal music. Three groups of students performed and there were two solo items. Sixteen students comprised the junior group and spiritedy sanga Mahari Gitam, a Svarajati in Bilahari and a Khamas Jatisvaram. Largest was the intermediate group - twentythree students. They gave excellent renderings of Gajavadana in Sriranlani, Devi niye in Kirvani and Govardhana in Hindolama tarangan by Narayanatintha. There followed two solo items by two extremely gifted pupils: Ravi Ramdas and Sathyarthi Chandrasekaran. Highlight of the evening was Parvatinayakane in Shanmukhapriye, to Adi tala. This commenced with a brilliant alapana duo by Sivasakiyi and her talented pupil Ravi which captivated the other students and audience alike. It was beautifully supported by Sri Chandrasekhar on violin with his wonderful cadenza-style playing.
The programmes demonstrated the high level of dedicated professionalism by the participants and amply showed the wealth of music now available in London at Bhavan's UK centre. Smt. Sivasakthy Sivanesan is to be congratulated on establishing such a wealth of tradition in Karnatic music in this Country.
John R. Marr.
Private Tuition Pure/Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Physics O/A Level, Homes visited.
Tel: 081-8643227

Page 29
15 JULY 1993
New Station for Voice of Ame
The infrastructure work for a new Voice of America (VOA) station at Iranawila in the Chilaw-Natandiya district has already commenced according to USIS Director William H. Maurer Jr. He said that workers were engaged in improving water supply, electricity and roads in the area before the construction of the VOA station began probably within the next three months.
The Sri Lankan government has leased some 413 acres of land to the US for the building of the station and associated facilities. The Americans will be spending some $60 million for the construction of the station of which
$25 million will bes with local constructi After the new VO, operational, there wi seven American civi the site, and there military personnels wila or elsewhere i support the station,
The new station become operational agreement between Sri Lanka and the improve and expan isting VOA faciliti January 1985 by the Colombo, John H.
Continued from page 9 leader said: "It is ridiculous that the government should be dictated to in such matters by the army and the Buddhist clergy.’
There were, however, other vested interests as well, in the army and some ruling party circles, which were working overtime to scuttle the decision to ease the embargo on the north. These interests were of course motivated by the sheer desire for profit. The embargo has over the years created vast avenues for corruption and hence for “minting millions for those in whose power it was to issue permits, arrange military clearance for unauthorised transport of certain items etc. A UNP politico based in Vavuniya is reported to be charging one hundred thousand rupees for a permit to transport kerosine to the north. Although several army men including some senior officers have been found guilty of embargo related corruption, the business goes on unabated. The profits are so enormous that the prospect of punishment can do little to deter those soldiers who have an entrepreneurial bent.
The day before t through, the new adviser to President Gen. Sepala Attyga indication of the approach to the prob the state run Dail course he (Brig. We bringing back me: LTTE which would ment some sort of the future settleme that has become a repeat, a national is be approached with caution.' The Gener to emphasise that th should play a "respol.
The state run Daily
its headline that day
Next morning eve to square one. The T back into grim real phant clamour of militarism, which hopes for peace on 1993, but has dange civilian authority in helpless submission.
Continued from page 21
the logic that anything used for the sustenance of life of Tigers (chocolates, confectionery, milk-foods, white paper, white cloth etc.), should be prohibited, a whole generation of babies are born half weight (four pounds!). The older generation that need medicine and more milk-foods is dying earlier and faster. The many generations of youth without electricity, kerosene, exercise books, white uniforms etc., are deprived of normal education. The whole population plunged into years of darkness (hardly any lamp lit with kerosene at Rs. 1507 a bottle), without communication (without radios and TVs, without post and telecommunica
tions) is quickly los even vision.
The cumulative e plus the fact that t only dragging its fee Committee Proposa political solution (c. chances of foreign ai ly to a slow but s Tamils in the North President soon after denied even the exi problem and admitt ence of Tamil terror If this project of whole peninsula by death chamber, suc would have clearly o his holocaust

TAML TIMES 29
rica
ent in connection
)n costs.
A station becomes tl be no more than ians employed at
will not be any „ationed at Iranan the country to
is scheduled to in late 1995. The the government of United States to the already exes was signed in then US envoy in Reed and the Sri
he POW deal fell national security , D.B. Wijetunge, alle gave a clear government's lem when he told y News, But of erasekera) will be ssages from the
give the governdirection towards !nt of a problem national issue - I sue - which must h dedication and al also did not fail he national media hsible' role in this. News made this
f
rything was back amils were jerked ity by the triumSinhala-Buddhist not only dashed
the eve of July rously still, cowed h the South into
ing its sight and
ffect of all these, he government is too slowly (Select ls), towards any onditioned by the d etc), point clearure genocide for In fact, the new taking office has stence of a Tamil ed only the existism!
strangulating a making it a slowceeds, Sri Lanka utdone Hitler and
Lanka Broadcasting Corporation Chairman, Livy Wijemanne. But the construction of the new station did not take place even after the groundbreaking ceremony was held. The delay is attributed to the pressure applied by the Indian government upon Sri Lanka to the awarding of the new facilities to the VOA.
Continued from page 19
request. A well-known journalist attached to the editorial board of a Madras-based leading national daily newspaper through whose efforts the meeting was arranged was also present at the meeting that took place on March 1991, some ten weeks before the assassination. At this meeting, Mr. Gandhi was informed that the LTTE did not harbour any ill-feeling or grudge against him; that as far as the LTTE was concerned the IPKF-LTTE confrontation and what happened during that period was unfortunate and could be regarded as a forgotten chapter; and that the LTTE and its leader wanted to re-establish friendly relations with Mr. Gandhi and his party. Mr. Gandhi in response had reportedly said that for any meaningful reestablishment of good relations with the LTTE, the Tigers should issue a public statement under the signature of its leader Mr. V. Prabhakaran acknowledging two matters: firstly that a meeting between them and Mr. Gandhi had taken place at the request of the LTTE leader, and secondly that the LTTE would be prepared to accept the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of July 1987 as the basis for a future settlement of the ethnic conflict. Mr. Gandhi also wanted Kasi Anandan to ascertain from Prabhakaran what his 'outlook and real goal' was in the struggle. However, the LTTE issued no such statement, nor was there any response from the LTTE leader, and the meeting between Mr. Kasi Anandan and Mr. Gandhi remained a secret until after the assassination.
Past Copies of Tamil Times
Past copies of Tamil Times are available for sale in 11 volumes, the present series being volume 12. The price of each volume is £20 by surface mail. Those interested are requested to send a cheque/draft/money order for £20 for each volume to: The Circulation Manager, Tamil Times Ltd., P.O. Box 121, Sutton, SM13TD, U.K. The price for each volume in other Currencies is: US$40/Can$47/AusS54.

Page 30
30 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 32
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