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Page 3
15 AUGUST 1993
CONTENTS
100 days of Wijetunge's Presidency... 4
ISSN 0 A Deace olan With UN intervention. . . . . 5
р р ANNUAL SU Army's major debacle at Janakapura... 6 Sri Lank
UK/India/Sri Lan Hunters now the hunted. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Canada. . . Black July 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 All other countrie Basic problem remains unsettled. . . . . 11 Publi Buddhism, Nationalism and AM ! ethnic Conflict. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 P.O.
SUTON, SU Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily UNITED those of the editor or the publishers.
Phone: O. Fax: 08
LEssONS OF THE AN
The Sri Lankan armed forces suffered One of the Worst military debacles when the Tamil Tigers recently overran the Janakapura military complex at Weli-Oya in Northeast Sri Lanka. Not only were the buildings housing the complex reduced to rubble and many soldiers and civilians killed; the Tigers also got away with a massive haul of weapons, ammunition, vehicles and communication equipment which will become very handy in their Continued War with the armed forces.
Until recently known as Manal Aru (in Tamil), Weli-Oya represents more than a mere military outpost. On the one hand it signifies the politics of colonisation of Tamil areas by a process of state-aided settlements, and on the other it symbolises the military manifestation of the political aim of destroying the claim of 'traditional Tamil homeland" comprising the northeast on the basis of physical contiguity.
Long before the idea of a separate state of 'Eelam" was Conceived even as an idea, the question of statesponsored colonisation of Tamil areas resulting in demographic changes threatening their status and identity had become one of the deep-seated grievances of the Tamil people. Once the ethnic conflict assumed violent proportions in the 1980s, what was once practised as purely land settlement schemes and sought to be justified on the basis of economic reasons, became an open and deliberate political and military strategy to 'destroy the basis for Eelann'.
Even before the July 1983 anti-Tamil violence, there was a think-tank of politicians, professionals, civil servants and even prelates who gathered together under the auspices of the Mahaweli Ministry in Colombo to formulate and implement a diabolical plan to trifurcate the northeast by a process of massive state-aided colonisation of Tamil areas on three fronts - the Malwathu Oya settlement in the north-west just south of Mannar, the Maduru Oya settlement in the east to constitute a wedge between the Batticaloa and Trincomalee districts, and thirdly the Yan Oya settlement just south of Mullaitivu encompassing Weli Oya. The plan also envisaged a massive military presence with settlers being trained and armed by the state.
On 8 January 1985, the late Mr. Lalith Athulathmudali, the then Minister of National Security, announced to a Conference of District Ministers and Government Agents
 

TAMILTIMES 3
CONTENTS
On rewriting constitutions. . . . . . . . . . . 15 266-4488 Tamil refugees in Sri Lanka & the West. 16 BSCRIPTION The Sub-Continental Scene. . . . . . . . . 19 a. - - ဗွီပုပ္ပန္ထန္20 Trauma of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees
岔円
s. . . E15/USS30 Irገ South India L S SLLS S SC S L0 S LLSS S 0SS S0CS S0LS SSS S0S SS C SSS SSS SSS SSS SS SSLS S SSL S SLSL S SS 21 shed by Women in exile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 "MES LTD ReaderS Forum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3OX 121 Book reviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 RREY SM1 3TD
KINGOOM The publishers assume no responsibility for return of B1-644 O972 unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and artwork. I-2414557
|AKAPURA” DEBACLE
a scheme 'to remove the concept of traditional homelands'. The scheme provided for settling 30,000 Sinhalese families in the northern province during that year; 250 families would be selected from Sinhala Constituencies in the south of the island for settlement at Killinochchi, Vavuniya and Mannar districts during that year and extended to Jaffna in the following year; and the new settlers would be given military training and weapons for their own security. And Janakapura was one of the products of this scheme. 'Janakapura settlement was set up in 1985. Janakapura was among several other state sponsored settlements for the Sinhalese which were set up by the government after the authorities forced Tamils living in the area to vacate their homes in early 1984.' ('Weli-Oya - What Went Wrong?” by Sharmindra Ferdinando, Sunday island, 1.8.93).
Although the development of the military conflict in subsequent years, both in terms of Indian involvement and the growth in the strength of the Tamil militant groups, particularly the Tamil Tigers, did not permit those in power to implement fully their plan of action in the way they wanted, state-aided settlements accompanied by massive militarisation of the areas involved continued to remain pivotal in the politico-military strategy to resist the Tamil claim for regional autonomy for the northeast based on physical contiguity. And with the outbreak of Eelam War II, this strategy was renewed with a vengeance. And in this new phase of the strategy, civilian Sinhala settlements would appear to be required more as cover for the beleaguered armed forces than the other way round as envisaged in its earlier phases.
Janakapura is not just a military defeat. It represents the political and military failure of the politics and strategy of state sponsored colonisation backed by military force. It has been a failure in more than one sense. Financially, it has been costly with nothing to show for. Hundreds of lives, both military and civilian, have been lost. It has not achieved its purpose, however malevolent and diabolical that purpose may be. On the other hand, the calculated and deliberate pursuit of the strategy of state sponsored colonisation backed by military force by successive governments has turned the question of the control of territory as the decisive issue in the ethnic conflict.

Page 4
4 TAM TIMES
one Hundred Da of Wijetunge's Presi
from Rita Sebastian, Colombo
Sri Lankan President, Dingiri Banda Wijetunge marked his 100 days in office with a minor cabinet re-shuffle. Heads didn't roll as was speculated, only moved. Ministers A.C.S. Hameed and Harold Herat have swapped portfolios, and the controversial W.J.M. Lokubandara moved out of the Ministry of Information and Cultural Affairs to head Education and Higher Education.
Two new faces in the Cabinet are that of Tyronne Fernando and M.L.M. Aboosally. For a man who took over the Presidency at a crucial time in Sri Lanka's political history, Dingiri Banda Wijetunge seems to have successfully marshalled his forces, and prevented any inner rumblings of which there seems to have been a few, from getting out of hand.
Wijetunge's Presidency seen as a change from the authoritarian rule of his predecessor, has helped considerably to forge a working relationship with the opposition. The decision to appoint a Parliamentary Select Committee to look into constitutional reform, which has been a cry from all opposition groups has been a major step forward.
During these three months there has also been a significant realignment of political forces in the country, and more significantly President Wijetunge has weakened the Premadasa elements in the cabinet. St.
One of the first steps he took was to remove the former President's son-inlaw, Rohan Jayakody, from the Board of Airlanka, the national carrier. He also blocked attempts by the late President's widow, Hema Premadasa to assume any influence in the government.
President Wijetunge has also reconstituted several public corporations, re-shuffled Secretaries in Ministries and brought into key positions persons who enjoy his confidence.
Wijetunge has also dismantled some of the bitterly criticised features of the Premadasa administration, like the strangehold on the media, and the tamasha syndrome which entailed a colossal amount of public funds.
The electronic media is no longer a cheer squad for the government and television audiences are spared the exclusively pro-government propaganda campaign. It must be said for President Wijetunge that he is conspi
}
گ یا "
تبـة لمرح
cuous by his absence President Wijetung cated he will slow do on Mobile Secretariat was, (village reawake critical to the Prema of taking the admir people. The Premi however are not ple changes.
The Wijetunge g been assisted by tw. velopments. Firstly, turn of the Democrati al Front (DUNF), the tion of the ruling pa Several rounds of d taken place between t Gamini Dissanayake Wijetunge, and althou sions have yet been t and how the merger will take place, the vi DUNF has thrown its small on the side of has weakened the op
The second develo worked in favour of th the open conflict in t tion Sri Lanka Freedo between party Presid Bandaranaike and S organiser Anura. W pended from the SLF hierarchy still undeci is going to resolve thi the UNP seems firml
With the opposition has been considerable
by Rita Set If you telephone the S. try of Information Affairs you will be "Auybowan'. It replace "hello' on a directive bandara when he tool ter in 1989. 'Hello' act ter Lokubandara was ing the west” syndron place in the island's ture.
But that's how far L Like all Ministers in Cabinet he stayed ve
 

15 AUGUST 1993
ys dency
on television.
ge has also indiwn the emphasis S and Gam Udaning) which were dasa programme listration to the adasa loyalists ased with these
overnment has o important dethe expected rec United Nation: breakaway facrty, to the fold. liscussions have he DUNF leader and President ugh no firm deciaken as to when or the coalition ery fact that the weight, however the government position. pment that has he ruling party is he main opposiom Party (SLFP), ent Mrs. Sirima LFP's All-island ith Anura susP, and the SLFP ded about how it e conflict within, y in the saddle.
weakened there speculation that
President D.B. Wijetunge
government might press for an early election to strengthen its political advantage over the opposition.
On the northeast war front things seem much more complicated. The recent raid by the Tigers on the northeast Janakapura army camp in which, besides killing 44 soldiers, their haul of war machinery is said to be in the region of Rs. 50 billion, and the inability of the government to secure the release of 34 security personnel held hostage by the Tigers in Jaffna has caused serious concern.
The Parliamentary Select Committee, looking for a consensus solution to the conflict is at a standstill, and there is no prospect of any significant movement on the political front.
President Wijetunge therefore does not seem to be facing any serious threat to his position. However unless he is able to address the basic problems confronting Sri Lankan society he will need to push for a new election mandate to remain in power.
bastian ri Lankan Minisand Cultural greeted with an ld the customary by V.J.M Lokuoffice as Minis"ording to Minispart of the 'aphe which had no traditional cul
okubandara got. the Premadasa ry much on the
sidelines. But strangely his deputy,
Minister of State for Information, A.J.
Ranasinghe was seen more, and heard ΠΟΙΕ'.
But as Ranasinghe would say "the old order changed with the assassination of Premadasa on May 1. And Lokubandara came back into the driving seat with a vengeance.
He brought in his loyalists to head the state TV and radio and went on, what a not so amused official described as his banning spree'. He banned pornographic literature. That didn't create a furore. What did, was his banning meat advertisements on the government controlled electronic media, and now expected to be followed by the private TV channels as well.
... Continued on page 9

Page 5
15 AUGUST 1993
INTERNATIONA NA
A Peace Plan' for Sri
with UN Interventi
Four Nobel Prize winners - George Wald of USA, Mairead M Prigogine of Belgium and Jan Tinbergen of Netherlands - h peace plan for Sri Lanka' to President D.B. Wijetunga and Prir Wickremasinghe. The basic proposal of the peace plan' is that the Sri Lankan gov LTTE should invite the United Nations Secretary-General t envoy to mediate a negotiated settlement. This 'agreement ( following provisions:
a) A ceasefire verified by the United Nations. Precedent for s is found in Security Council Resolution 186.
b) The establishment of buffer zones through mutual ag disengagement of military forces in selected areas, such as pa and East.
c) UN-observed elections in the North and East.
' The 'peace-plan' also argues for a federal form of government “aspirations in the North and East can to a large extent be satis them some form of regional autonomy.'
This peace plan' was initiated by The World Council for Glob: Toronto, Canada. The four Nobel Laureates have won prizes in Prof. George Wald was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1967 f. discovering the underlying chemical processes of human visic Corrigan-Maguire of Northern Ireland won the award in 1977 end the violence in Belfast between Catholics and Protest Prigogine was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1977 ; scope of thermodynamics, the science that deals with en Tinbergen won the prize in 1969 for Economics.
The International Secretary of the World Council for Globa James Nicholas, a Sri Lankan Tamil, who is a citizen of Car Professor of International Relations at Niagara College of A Technology, Welland, Ontaria, Canada.
The following is the text of the Peace' United Natic Plan...: " Decades of tension
A brutal civil war, ten years long,' volving the Sinhale has caused immense suffering to all Muslims have creat the people of Sri Lanka: Sinhalese, suspicion among the
Tamil and Muslim. impasse can be broke) The country, drained of much of its mediation by the Uni energy and resources, has been unable The World Council :
to deal effectively with its pressing Lankan Government economic and social problems. The tion Tigers of Tamill senseless extension of fighting can invite the United Ne only aggravate the war. A permanent General to send a solution to the ethnic strife will be mediate a negotiated more difficult to achieve as feelings of an agreement, whic hatred, fuelled by savage killings, in- fairness to all com)
tensify. island, could include t
Peace and stability cannot be res- Visions.
tored by military means alone. A poli- a) Aceasefire, verif tical settlement is required that would Nations. Precedent f ensure justice for all. Genuine com- tion is found in Secu munications between the warring par- solution 186.
ties calls for impartial mediation. Re- b) The establishme cent reports indicate that all sides may through mutual ag. welcome this. disengagement of m
The World Council for Global Co- selected areas, such operation presents the following five North and East. proposals as a basis for starting nego- c) UN-observed tiations among interested parties: North and East.
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 5
Lanka on
guire of UK, Ilya
ave presented "a me Minister Rani
ernment and the O send a special ould include the
uch intervention
reement by the rts of the North
. It says that the fied by granting
al Cooperation in heir specialities. ir his insight in on. Ms. Mairead for her efforts to ants. Prof. Ilya for widening the ergy. Prof. Jan
l Cooperation is ada. He is now pplied Arts and
ns Role
and conflict inse, Tamils and 'd mistrust and se groups. The with the help of ted Nations. uppeals to the Sri and the LiberaEelam (LTTE) to
tions Secretarypecial envoy to
settlement. Such would assure munities in the he following pro
ed by the United r such intervenrity Council Re
t of buffer zones eement by the litary forces in as parts of the
lections in the
Human Rights As a member of the United Nations, Sri Lanka has accepted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Respect for human rights, however, has been greatly undermined by the civil war.
The cessation of hostilities would cre
ate a proper climate for the strict enforcement of human rights for all citizens. The Rule of Law needs to be upheld. Human rights can be further safeguarded if the Government and
the LTTE adopt the following mea
SureS.
(i) End all forms of torture and
illegal detention.
(ii) Provide for fair and speedy trials of all political prisoners, by the national judiciary, with automatic rights of appeal. Those not formally charged should be released.
The Peace Dividend
Large military expenditures have imposed a heavy burden on the nation. Sri Lanka, with a per capita income of US $400, allocates 3.1 per cent of its
gross national product to the military.
With an end to conflict, the Government can significantly reduce its military expenditures.
The savings obtained could be di
verted to provide for civilian needs,
grossly neglected through the long period of conflict.
.h
Following a lessening of tensions,
both government and LTTE forces
could be mobilized, perhaps with UN ;
supervision and advice, for much
needed rebuilding of the infrastructure and for re-forestation.
A widespread program of disarma
ment and the curtailment of arms ,
imports by all parties would be essential for ending this conflict. The World Council appeals to the international
community to stop the export of arms, a
whether by gift or sale, to all parties in
this troubled land.
Peace Through Prosperity
Lack of economic opportunity is an important factor inciting violence among youth. The vicious cycle of violence and poverty must be broken. A final end to hostilities can significantly promote economic development across the country. The peace dividend, along with more energetic efforts to boost tourism, attract foreign investment, and expand trade, can provide the means for greater educational and employment opportunities for Sri Lankan youth.
The war has done considerable harm
to the most vulnerable sections of society - women and children. Promo
Continued on page 29

Page 6
6 TAMIL TIMES
Tigers Gain Massive Haul of
Army Suffers Major D at "Janakapura'
(by our Special Correspondent, Colomb
As July 1993 approached the security forces were put on alert in the northeast and the south. The government knew for certain that the LTTE would launch a major attack to mark and symbolically avenge the bloody antiTamil pogrom of July '83. Intelligence reports had indicated that the LTTE was most likely to set off a massive string of explosions in Colombo. The Presidential mobile secretariat which was scheduled to be held in Batticaloa on the 23rd of July was also considered a possible target.
On Sunday 25 The Island and Sunday Times did not fail to editorialise on that bloody event that ten years ago, had indelibly marred the ethnic fabric of the island. The conscientious Sinhala Buddhist, it seemed, was inclined at the back of his mind to see the Tiger as nemesis. And true to its reputation, the Tiger struck in the small hours of Sunday morning at the very heart of Sinhala Buddhism's politico military project, Janakapura, the central military camp cum settlement in Welioya.
The camp was swiftly overrun and burnt. The Sinhala settlement around the camp was also destroyed. Forty two soldiers of the Sri Lanka Light Infantry regiment were killed (by a queer coincidence it was the SLI which lost 13 soldiers in July '83 - the event which triggered of the anti-Tamil pogrom). Seventeen Sinhala settlers were also dead. A large haul of ammunition, communications equipment, direction finding electronic devices, several rocket launchers, assault rifles and a long range mortar (81mm) were taken by the Tiger in several vehicles belonging to the camp. Three soldiers and seven civilians were taken captive.
It was clear that many soldiers had taken to their heels when the LTTE launched the main assault on the camp. The army headquarters euphemistically described it as a tactical withdrawal. The debacle was unpalatable to many Sinhala politicians who had seen the expansion of the militarycivilian settlement in Weli-Oya as the basis of undermining and destroying the Tamil demand for a northeastern autonomous region. A Tamil shop was
attacked by some Sinhalese in Matara
but the majority of people in the south did not seem to share in the anger of some of their nationalist leaders - they
were keenly watchi cised India versus match on TV.
It was reported soldiers were missi) had been overrun. TI pired, had killed til their bodies to Mull were displayed to t. gers had promised t over to the army til Then they went ba and said that the burnt, the army req procure the ashes ( stead; on Friday, 3( handed over 18 url ashes of the slain J trymen. The seven been taken alive by t more fortunate. The turned through the ICRC on Thursday :
On the same day the Sri Lankan ar Cecil Waidyaratne : mission of inquiry ti report on the debacl It was headed by Ma Silva.
The other membel sion were Brigadier and Colonel Sisira composition of the c quiry was a clear serious implications the camp's fall. Par army commander a Major Gen. Lucky A der of the security f who together wer ground in the powe) military high comma that they had consc and that hence they job in the north if g once more. Only a Major General Luc. confidently assuredtl Select Committee tha the eastern front and dum should therefore tion Muhudu Sulang east had according ti Tigers away from the the east, i.e. Vakara land.
The army was als turbed by the seric defence preparednes

15 AUGUST 1993
ebacle
Do)
ng the much publiSri Lanka cricket
initially that 18 ng after the camp he LTTE, it transnem and removed aitivu where they he public. The Tio hand the bodies hrough the ICRC. ck on their word bodies had been ested the ICRC to of the soldiers in) July, the Tigers ns containing the anakapura infancivilians who had he attackers were y were safely regood offices of the 30.
he commander of "my, Lieut. Gen. appointed a como investigate and e at Janakapura. jor General Gerry
rs of the commis
Nanda de Silva Wijesuriya. The ommission of inindication of the for the army in ticularly for the nd his colleague lgama, commanorces in the east 2 gaining some struggle in the nd on the ground lidated the east could do a better iven a free hand
few weeks ago ky Algama had he Parliamentary tall was quiet on that the referenbe held. Operaa launched in the ) him driven the bir last bastion in i and its hinter
) apparently perus lapse in the s of the soldiers
who had been put on alert that particular week in anticipation of a spectacular Tiger strike to mark the tenth year of the '83 pogrom. The bothersome question was: how did 85 soldiers of the Janakapura camp go on ambush duty that night when the LTTE launched the attack? The commanders however may find it very difficult to come up with a plausible explanation. The problem before them is that the LTTE was able to move a large contingent of its commandos through a network of minefields, machine gun posts, man-made mounds and makeshift huts belonging to armed settlers and homeguards to launch a surprise attack on the camp. They had not only overrun the camp but had enough time to set fire to it and destroy the settlement that had been established at great cost in and around Janakapura. As a diversionary measure the Tigers had launched simultaneous attacks on the Kovil point and Kokkuthoduvai camps north of Janakapura. But on the western side there was a large number of detachments, minicamps and bases which had been set up over the years to defend and consolidate the Weli-Oya settlement.
According to one estimate there are eighteen camps in the centre of the region in addition to a main base. The Padaviya scheme which adjoins WeliOya to the west in the north central province has another main base with a string of camps and detachments. Many dust roads criss-cross the settlement and are all linked to the Padaviya - Siripura scheme. Hence the army has to sort out the question as to why an attack was not launched from the western side to prevent the LTTE from completely overrunning Janakapura. Even if the LTTE had succeeded in cutting off all the road approaches from the Padaviya side, there was ample area through which groups of commandos could be sent. The camps to the west of Janakapura also had enough fire power to overwhelm the LTTE units which had cut off the road approaches. But nothing happened and the camp was destroyed. This showed clearly once again that the infantry units of the Sri Lanka army were not prepared to move out into a battle zone to face the LTTE without sufficient air support. Numbers or superior fire power did not count.
It was obvious from the Janakapura debacle that the beleaguered Sinhala foot soldier and his unit commander were not ready to fight back if the right back-up was not forthcoming. The military leadership is reported to be contemplating court martial for those found guilty of negligence, but it knows full well that motivation among

Page 7
15 AUGUST 1993
A Wise Old Owl who doesn't need night vision glasses to see what is happening around him at night, was perched atop a jungle tree reflecting ruefully that it was the Hunters who are now being hunted and at times, even hounded and devoured by the Tigers, that roam the north Eastern jungles.
This old Owl who was witness to the fierce Tiger raid on the Army Camp at Janakapura just after midnight Sunday, summoned an emergency meeting of his feathered friends in a nearby heather, where he gave them a ball-by-ball account of the rout of the Hunters.
He described how careless the Hunters had become by allowing Tigers, pretending to be ordinary household cats, moving in and out of the Janakapura Camp all the while, making detailed mental notes of the locations of the most ---gic areas and as to who sleeps where.
The Owl related how the Tigers armed to the teeth, stealthily moved through the gaps on the Northern perimeter of the Hunter's Camp. While, one lot of Tigers remained outside firing mortars and rocket propelled grenades, others infiltrated the Camp and slit the necks of the sentries, springing on them as Tigers would.
Some Tigers had then stormed the hut in which the Commandos of the Hunters usually lived, but drew a blank as they had been moved to a troubled spot outside the Mullaiti
Hunters Now the H
vu district, only Others had ch where the El Finding Equipm Here, the offic newly married shot dead when the Tigers fron instrument.
The raiders rest of the Hun asleep and shot
The Tigers wh acute shortage weapons and Armoury.
The birds gatl er, continued to the Owl's accoun sensational hap! in the Wellioya j Continuing th his friends how t set fire to the ent of the Janakapu ducing it to rubb that was on the The killers h tractor and a moving to the J and massacring women and child tried to hunt th lived a quiet, pe Owl, a big teard large limpid eye At this stag Robin twittered witness to a ver He claimed h
ordinary footsoldiers is becoming a major problem in combating the Tigers. Court martial in this situation may show little result, said a military analyst.
Maj. Gen. Gerry Silva was in WeliOya on Saturday 31 to probe the circumstances under which the camp was allowed to collapse. His mission, it was almost certain, would only expose the magnitude of the problem which is silently gnawing at the very innards of the army's infantry units - a problem that cannot be overcome by better weapons or more soldiers. It showed again when the LTTE attacked an army patrol two days later at Kallar near Kanthalai in Trincomalee. Three soldiers were killed and the rest took to their heels. They were presumed missing till they straggled back to base.
The Janakapura debacle has once
again brought
problem faced by The security for logistical capabili tribute their m points to anticipa ble assaults by th al problem is cou faced by the mi gathering prec LTTE's troop mo overran a police situated in the
the Puttalam di the Janakapura trained policem many people liv rendered refug attacked again Muslim religious Minister, A.H.M brought pressur to step up mili

TAMIL TIMES 7
a few hours earlier.
arged into the hut ctronic Direction 2nt was kept. er, a brave, young, Lieutenant, was he tried to prevent taking the vital
hen attacked the ers who were fast phem dead.
) were suffering an of arms took their also raided the
ered in the heathlisten intently to t of one of the more enings of the year, ungles. e Owl described to he Tigers had then ire Northern Wing ra Camp after rele with a bulldozer premises.
ad also taken the motor cycle before anakapura Village 17 innocent men, ren who had never le Tigers, but who aceful life, said the rop falling from his S. e, a little Magpie that he had been y strange scene.
2 saw a number of
Hunters who were laying in ambush, apparently turning a blind eye to the packs of armed Tigers filing past them, on their way to attack the camp.
At this stage, the other birds breathed a huge sigh of despair. This indeed was tragic.
"Shame! If I were there, I would have shot at least one Tiger with my bow and arrow,' quoth a Sparrow.
Meanwhile, the Owl whose eyes were sharper than those of a Hunter wearing night vision glasses, told the younger ones how he saw a figure of a Head Hunter slinking away from the South Wing Camp and seeking the sanctuary of a peasant's hut, while leaving the others behind to face the fury of the Tigers on the rampage.
There was a kind of hush around the heather where the birds of the jungle were gathered listening to the Wise Old Owl who proudly announced that with his very retentive memory and his sharp focusing natural lenses, he was able to take a fair inventory of the loot carried away by the Tigers - 119 T-56 semi-automatic, 24 .303 and 13 T-81 rifles, eight light machine guns, one 81mm mortar, 12 shot guns, four pistols, seven rocket propelled grenades, 50,000 rounds intermediate ammunition, 10,000 rounds machine gun ammunition, 1,500 rounds .303 ammunition, 111 helmets and 35 small tents.
'Sounds like a millionaire's Christmas shopping list,' commented a bright young Wren.
(The Sunday island).
another persistent he army to the fore. es do not have the y to effectively disnpower to several e or pre-empt possiTigers. The logisticled to the difficulty tary intelligence in se information on rements. The LTTE amp at Ilavankulam orthern extreme of trict a week before attack. Ten army n were dead and g in the area were s. The camp was few days later. The and Cultural Affairs Azwer of Puttalam on the government ry presence in the
affected area.
Meanwhile intelligence reports ha compelled the military high command to move in a large number of troops to ensure the security of the Presidential Mobile Secretariat in Batticalao which was scheduled to be held in Batticalao on July 23. The army saw the PMS in Batticalao as another possible target for the LTTE's "Black July attack, for it had sufficient reason to believe that the Tigers could infiltrate the town to set off explosions and kill important people. The President whose helicopter . was ready to take off to Batticalao on 23rd morning, cancelled his trip at the last moment as a result. In addition to all this the army was apprehensive about vulnerable points in the northern theatre of operations because it had well ascertained information that a large number of Tiger troops from Continued on page 9

Page 8
8 TAM TIMES
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Page 9
፲፱፻፺፩፱jömŠሻ'ቶፅg8
Continued from page 7
the east had been called up north by the Tiger High Command and that they were being retained there, apparently for a major operation. And several days before the Janakapura attack there was, what appeared to be a probing assault on an FDL point located near the southern end of the Pannai causeway. So the army couldn't afford to be complacent about the northern front. Everyone was sure that the attack to mark "Black July' was coming, but the LTTE was making them look anxiously in several directions by engaging in such diversionary manoeuvres, and the army had little logistical capability to be prepared for each possibility.
In this context Weli-Oya was little thought of as the main target. It was a well defended area, dotted with so many camps and points which, it had been assumed, would make a successful withdrawal impossible for the LTTE, for no sensible commander will order an attack unless he is sure of at least two possible lines of withdrawal. Furthermore reinforcements could be quickly rushed in to avert any disaster, because of the close proximity of camps, to one another. There was also a feeling in the army that it had substantially debilitated the LTTE's military might in the jungles of southern Mullaitivu bordering the Weli-Oya region during the massive military operation that was launched in 1991 with the aim of destroying the heavily fortified Base 1-4 Complex of the LTTE which was located there. The Tigers had lost hundreds of their cadres in this battle which followed on the heels of the Elephant Pass engagement. The army fought its way into this dense jungle backed by a massive artillery barrage - a great amount of foliage was destroyed by bulldozers
and firebombs. was proud of yet his cap. Despite "realists' in the dismissed as ir there were some lieved that the able to repair the the southern peri Complex, which i thought, make it prepare and laun any target in Wel return to the fort
It is now obv retains the neces tructure in the Mullaitivu. All til in the Sinhala Bu very worried - Weli-Oya is close lobby is already assault on Jaffn ernment of allow the military initi the army on the C This lobby which
of the oppositic
pleased with th speech at Palaly ( pura’s fall, invi direct talks with
Ranill Wickrama reliable sources, after he had bee the debacle at We ment silently losi militarily defeat. shrill litany of t patriots which a madasa's standir has begun to be
quarters - that t serious about the compromising t Sinhala nation. T Mrs. Sirimao Ba statement on Fri deeply disturbed
Continued from page 4
In his office the other day the 52year-old slightly built, white tunicked Minister Lokubandara, who holds a double degree and is a lawyer as well for good measure, stoutly defended his action.
One of the 'offending advertisements' was Sri Lankan test cricketer Arvinda de Silva guzzling sausages. It is the implication of the advertisement he faults with. Lokubandara places the emphasis on truth. "There is no truth that Arvinda is a good cricketer because he eats sausages. Don't create wants into needs,' pleads Lokubandara.
Sausages are not on the poor man's diet. “When he finds it difficult to buy
bread why does t sausages.' That's ment. He takes i Lankan constitu and reads extract the sovereignty rights of the chil has committed i its people and a dara he is follov and spirit.
He points to TV that recomn particular branc move the tartar make them whit In a village h Minister found t lowy white teet fluoride content

TAMIL TIMES 9
Gen. Kobbekaduwa another feather on he warnings of the Lrmy who are often corrigible sceptics, who seriously beigers would not be damage sustained in phery of its Base 1-4 n turn would, it was difficult for them to h a major assault on -Oya and then safely fied base.
tous that the Tiger : sary military infras
jungles of southern his has got everyone ddhist establishment particularly because to their heart. One pressing for a major a, accusing the govng the LTTE to take ative by not keeping ffensive in the north. has the full backing on was clearly not Le Prime Minister's on the day of Janakating the LTTE for the government. Mr. singhe, according to had made the speech n fully briefed about li-Oya. Is the governng faith in the idea of ing the LTTE? The he Sinhala Buddhist ll but destroyed Preng among his people heard again in some he government is not war and is therefore he interests of the he Opposition leader, ndaranaike issued a day 30 saying, "I am
and concerned that
this major disaster took place at a time when the attention of the ministers and the entire machinery of the government has been focused on the conduct of yet another highly publicised Presidential Mobile Secretariat in Batticalao, despite the fact that a major onslaught on a security camp by the LTTE should have been anticipated in the context of the 10th anniversary of the communal violence unleashed in
July 1983. And she did not fail to point
out, "This government has yet failed to appoint a full time State Minister of Defence whose task should be to coordinate and direct the war against the LTTE terrorists.
"It is a matter of great disappointment that the new President continues to give higher priority to political shows, when the need of the hour is to concentrate attention and deploy our national resources to bring to an end the war in the north and east.' She appealed to the government to place the entire country on a war footing to defeat the LTTE.
But very few, if any, in the south seemed interested in being placed on a war footing. The Sinhala commanders continued to show more interest in enhancing their power than thinking of their honour. Brig. Janaka Perera (of the army Engineer Corps) who, under the patronage of Ravi Jayawardene, chased out Tamils living near Manal Aaru in 1984 to create a Sinhala settlement and army camp there and got the settlers to name the place after him, did not resign when the camp fell. (A bridge in Weli-Oya is also named after him). No soldier, in another clime, would have survived the sheer ignominy of seeing a camp named after him burnt and razed to the ground.
Brig. Janaka Perera's attitude is just another sign of the malaise that afflicts the Sri Lankan army.
he advertiser dish out Lokubandara's arguout a copy of the Sri ion, that's his Bible, s from it. He reads of
of the people, the d, etc., etc. The state self to looking after cording to Lokubaning it in both letter
un advertisement on ends the using of a
of toothpaste to refrom your teeth and
recently visited the he villagers with yell
because of the high n the water. Some of
the villagers were now hooked on the toothpaste, says Lokubandara.
The trade is making fools of us' he charges. "They must not insult the intelligence of the people.'
At the same time Lokubandara defends the fundamental rights of people, whether it be the advertiser or the consumer. "We have liberalised the economy and I am the last person to discriminate.
He shows no fear of being taken to court on the meat issue. "I am prepared to face it in the courts. I haven't violated any law. It is implicit in the law that you cannot lie.'
What about all the other luxury' items from jewellery to cars to electric
Continued on page 29

Page 10
10 TAMIL TIMES
Black July 1983
When the Nation Rea the Depths of Degrad
by Chanaka Amaratunga
The events that followed the killing of thirteen (some have argued that it was fifteen) soldiers of the Sri Lankan Army by guerrillas of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, on 23rd July 1983, marked a dramatic transition in Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict. It was the appalling racial riots that were the response to this killing in which Tamils both of Sri Lankan and Indian origin were brutally killed, looted, dispossessed and otherwise humiliated, throughout Sri Lanka, and particularly in Colombo, which dramatically altered the nature of the ethnic conflict. Prior to July 1983 some estimates had concluded that the LTTE had then no more than 500 men under arms and that even of them only 200 had received a proper military training. Several years later the military strength of the LTTE was estimated at approximately 5000 men under arms. In terms of the scale of violence there can be little doubt that July 1983 greatly aggravated the intensity of the conflict which continues to rage, even ten years later.
Few Sri Lankans, certainly not those even remotely interested in things political, would be unable to say where they were and what they were doing when the rioting, murder, arson and mayhem began.
I was in London when the riots of July 1983 took place. Indeed 1983 was a year in which I never visited Sri Lanka. I did not therefore witness any of the horrors of that month or year at first hand. Although my reading of newspapers and books that dealt with the events of July 1983 then and subsequently as well as several conversations with many of those who witnessed these tragic events, have left within me a vivid impression of the riots, I was perhaps fortunate to be spared an acute personal impression of the appalling inhumanity of which our people are only too capable.
My first intimation that something was very wrong in the state of Sri Lanka, came that hot July by means of the Daily Telegraph. This was not my usual newspaper in London but I had noticed a long report in it, on the death of the 13 soldiers and immediately purchased a copy which I proceeded to read on the underground. I remember
clearly that somethin
would be the kind of
Lanka that very soon t days later all Britis radio and television, the growing atrocities
elsewhere outside the Eastern Provinces. . 1983, accordingly lac immediacy of direct ex true that international riots was a good deal m the appallingly one-sic pathetic coverage of til in our own media, pa section of it, under stat able at the time to wit Sri Lankans in Sri Lar fore denied.
The almost total ina Jayewardene Governm and its desperate atter ing the murderous mc lievably immoral. W events unfold in Londo incredulity at the base J.R. Jayewardene, (a. his insensitivity and mised in the now fam appalling broadcast to which he offered not apology or regret to th who had been murd homeless and otherwi but described the riots the Understandable Sinhala people w allow their beloved divided knew no bounds. I fel had reached the ultir degradation as a natio not actively cheering it lishment, was an assi for the mob. It is amaz relations in Sri Lanka even to the degree t given a context in v Government was so in the mob, so little incli trate any sympathy fol Not surprisingly the polarisation took Sinhalese and Tam around the globe. In Bl absurdity of atavistic a ism were brought he television by two appal
 

15 AUGUST 1993
Iched ation
told me there reaction in Sri ook place. A few h newspapers, began reporting in Colombo and
Northern and Although July is for me, the perience, it was coverage of the ore honest than ed and unsymis tragic event rticularly that e-control. I was ness much that ka were there
:tion of the J.R. ent to the riots mpts at appeasobs were unbeatching these n, one's level of opportunism of nd his cronies) ynicism, epitoous because so the nation in , one word of le Tamil people ered, rendered se traumatised instead as:
reaction of the ho Will never country to be
, then that we late depths of 1. When it was
on, our estabuous apologist ng that ethnic nave recovered at they have, hich the J.R. lined to justify ed to demonsits victims.
most hideous lace among ls scattered tain the sheer titudes of racme to us on ngly inarticu
late and stupid men who emerged in the aftermath of the riots as the spokesmen of the two communities. One was a principal of a Tamil school who was President of an organisation which styled itself the Eelam Association of Great Britain. The other was an estate agent who was President of what called itself the Sinhala Association of Britain. The same infantile communalism was, I was told, very evident among Sri Lankan communities in Australia, the United States of America, Canada and no doubt were to found in appreciable numbers elsewhere across the globe.
Politicians and the people, Sinhalese, and Tamil, Muslim and Burgher, at home and abroad, could not have acted with such cruel insensitivity, if there were not a fundamental inadequacy in us, as a people. It is by recognizing that the poison of July 1983 was in the last analysis, a consequence of our nature as a people, that we can even now take real measures to ensure that racism is truly a thing of the past.
The most constructive response to July 1983 and its aftermath should be a determination to discover and document the responsibility for these terrible events. Who supplied rioters with voters lists through which to identify the houses of Tamils? Who were these rioters? Who was responsible for the massacres in our prisons? Whose idea was it to add insult to injury to a grievously wronged ethnic minority by imposing the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution which banished the moderate elected representation of the Tamil people from Parliament and from the political mainstream for over five years?
Ten years after the riots of July 1983 none of these questions has authoritatively been answered. Our political culture has deteriorated so sadly that we seem completely oblivious to the notion of public accountability. At the height of the apparently iniquitous era of colonialism, the two Houses of the British Parliament appointed a Commission on Viscount Torrington's handling of the rebellion of 1848 in Ceylon, and found him wanting to such a degree that he was recalled. John Stuart Mill conducted a brilliant campaign to set up a Commission which totally condemned and removed from office a Governor of Jamaice named Eyre for his gross cruelty in his administration of that colony. Yet scarcely anyone has demanded a full and open investigation of the events of July 1983. Are we not entitled to know how many people died, how many were rendered homeless, whether politicontinued on page 11

Page 11
15 AUGUST 1993
Ten Years After July 1
Basic Problems R
Unresolved
by Dr. Neelan Tiruchelvam
Ten years have elapsed since one of the cruellest weeks in the troubled history of modern Sri Lanka. Tamils of Sri Lanka have been exposed to collective violence in 1958, 1977, 1981 and 1983. There was however a qualitative difference in the intensity, brutality and organized nature of the violence of July '83. There is no other event which is so deeply etched in the collective memories of the victims and survivors. Neither time nor space has helped ease the pain, the trauma and the bitter memories.
It was estimated that about 2000 - 3000 defenceless people were brutally murdered, although official figures maintain that the death toll was about 400. Many were beaten or hacked to death, while several were torched to death. Thousands of homes and buildings were torched or destroyed. Within the city of Colombo almost a hundred thousand persons, more than half the city's Tamil population, were displaced from their homes, many never returned to their neighbourhoods or to their work places. Outside the country it was estimated that there were about 175 thousand refugees and displaced persons. Hardly a family escaped the death of a relative, or the destruction of their houses or their livelihood and the dislocation of their families. One woman who had been victimised by the repeated cycles of violence, reconstructed her Tamil identity, “to be a Tamil is to live in fear', she exclaimed in despair.
Many observers the organized and the violence. Th were fed with pre the location of businesses. Their armed with vote detailed addresse owned shop, hou business, entrepre sional classes wer as part of the obje to break the econo Tamils. It was est 100 industrial pl garment factories aged or destroyed rial reconstruction Rs. 2 billion ru include the hund small trading esta
Equally disturb of state complicity state not only mis of 13 soldiers who by the LTTE on . also allowed the in be projected in bar newspapers on the hand, the retaliat security forces i Kantharmadu wh estimated 50 to 70 was suppressed frc personnel appear aged arson and le instances participa Neither the army any meaningful at
Continued from page 10
cians, within or without the Government bore responsibility for those terrible events? Surely when there are still dedicated organisations committed to hunting down Nazi war criminals and bringing them to trial, there must be some concern for those who suffered in 1983 for no reason save an accident of birth?
I firmly believe that it is by confronting the full horror of the events of July 1983, by implacably insisting on justice, by holding those responsible for the crimes that then were committed, fully accountable, that Sri Lanka can evolve the consciousness that is so necessary for national reconciliation. A full commission of inquiry into the
circumstances of imperative need of Over two hundra ernor General of I. ings was sought t the great Whig Charles James Fox participated in tha of Fox were the fan ist Edmund Burk playwright Richa. idan. Burke conclu of Warren Hasting Commons with the impeach him human nature i Have we Sri L. nature left in us til and truth, for the v
 
 

ہمx. سرہ ۔ ۔جمطچصنغمx^مملجیحیخھججدہ جی -- *
TAMIL TIMES 11
emain
were disturbed by systematic nature of e rampaging mobs !cise information on Tamil houses and leaders were often rs lists, and with s of every Tamilse or factory. The neurial and profesespecially targeted, ctive appeared to be mic backbone of the .imated that almost ants, including 20 were severely damThe cost of industh was estimated at bees. This did not reds of shops and blishments. ing was the element in the violence. The handled the funeral had been ambushed July 23rd, 1983 but flammatory news to ner headlines in the 24th. On the other iory violence of the in Tirunelveli and ich resulted in an persons being killed om the media. Army ed to have encourpoting and in some ated in the looting. nor the police took :tion to prevent the
July 1983 is the the hour.
ed years ago a Govndia, Warren Hasto be impeached by (Liberal) leader ... Among those who t debate in support mous political theore and the famous rd Brinsley Sherded his indictment gs in the House of
words:
in the name of tself. ankans no human
hat calls for justice ictims ofJuly 1983?
violence or to apprehend the culprits. No curfew was declared for almost two days. Neither the President nor any senior minister made a public appeal for calm and restraint. It was also widely believed that elements within the state or the ruling party had either orchestrated the violence or encouraged the blood letting. No Commission of Inquiry was ever appointed to clear the state of these allegations or to investigate the causes of violence.
When however political leaders did speak four days later, there was a total identification of the state with the majority community. President Jayewardene said that the riots were not a product of urban mobs but a mass movement of the generality of the Sinhalese people. He spoke of the need to politically ‘appease” the natural desires and requests of the Sinhalese people. Similarly, none of the senior cabinet ministers who spoke on television, including Mr. Lalith Athulathmudali, had a word of sympathy for the victims of this terrible outrage, nor did any of them visit the refugee camps to commiserate even briefly with those who had suffered. This conduct of the President was in sharp contrast with his more conciliatory behaviour in the aftermath of the 1981 violence. He was quoted on September 11 - 'I regret that some members of my party have spoken in Parliament and outside words that encourage violence and murders, rapes and arson that have been committed.' The President further stated that he would resign as the Head of his party if its members continued to encourage ethnic violence and racial bigotry.
Clearly the most disturbing episode took place on the 25th of July at Welikade prison, when 35 Tamil political detainees were battered and hacked to death with clubs, pipes and iron rods by fellow prisoners with the complicity of the prison guards. The government conducted a perfunctory magisterial inquiry but no attempt has yet been made to take legal action against those responsible. This incident was repeated again on Wednesday the 27th of July and it is shameful that the government has yet to pay compensation to the bereaved families and has pleaded immunity to the legal proceedings instituted by them.
Several scholars have written extensively on the causes and consequences of July '83, which the British anthropologist, Jonathan Spencer, has described as “the dark night of the collective soul'. How is it possible that an island society renowned for its scenic beauty and the warmth and hospita
Continued on page 12

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 11
bility of its inhabitants is capable of such collective evil and inhumanity Some have referred to the crisis of competing nationalism of the Sinhalese and the Tamils as being a contributory factor. Both forms of nationalism were antagonistic and incompatible. The assertion of one was perceived to be a denial of the other. Others have referred to the historical myths as embodied in the ancient chronicle that demonised the Tamils. Jonathan Spencer points out that in the popular imagination, the Tigers were believed to be 'superhumanly cruel and cunning and like demons ubiquitous and that ordinary Tamil workmates and neighbours also became vested with these attributes. They remind us, as Voltaire did that "if you believe in absurdities you will commit atrocities'. Others have pointed to the propensity for violence in authoritarian political structures which enthrone the majoritarian principle and provide for the bizarre entrenchment of the unitary state. The Referendum in December 1982 which extended the life of Parliament further exacerbated the climate of political animosity and of intolerance.
July '83 also contributed towards convulsive changes in the politics of
the Tamil commun methods of struggle. 1 leaders committed to means of agitation bec ised, Tamil militancy dancy. It was even as that violence of the vi different moral plane f oppressor. This was a trine for the violence of consumed the victim, also became possessed of racial bigotry and int had characterised t These are seen in the lence between Tamils the massacres at th mosque, in Welikanda iya, and the forcible ex lims from the Mann Districts.
Can July '83 recur? T has pointed out that spite similar incidents of soldiers and of civili been few collective re. 12th of June 1991, 6 and children were kille in retaliatory violen land-mine incident in within the Batticaloa C mission of Inquiry foun had been responsible f and awarded compense tims. Although the cap
Buddhism,
National
and Ethnic Confli
The Thai Buddhist social thinker and activist, Sul sa, interviewed by N. Shanmugaratnam.
Sulak Sivaraksa is a well known Thai
social thinker and activist. A nominee -
for the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize, Sulak is being tried by the Thai supreme court on a charge of defaming the King of Thailand. The charge of lese majeste, if proved, carries a maximum penalty of fifteen years in prison. Currently, Sulak is a Visiting Professor at Ryukoku University, Kyoto. In Japan, he is engaged in dialogues with Buddhists, non-Buddhists, atheists and socialists on problems of Asian societies. The present interviewer, who identifies himself as an atheist and a socialist, has also participated in some of these discussions. The purpose of this interview, however, is to present Sulak's views on issues that are likely to interest readers of Tamil Times. Sulak has recently published a book entitled Seeds of Peace - A Buddhist Vision for Renewing Society. He has also been engaged, along with several others, in a dialogue with
Buddhist monks and from Lanka on the eth the aim of promotingji in Lanka. He is du Thailand shortly to interview took place July 1993.
You are an advocat approach to social ch of your recent book Peace - A Buddhist newing Society. Can World view in a few W.
I have discussed at : Buddhist Vision in the by you. The beauty c view is that you do not in a god. First of all, y peaceful, humble and who is in harmony wi including non-human animals and plants a world in general. I res gions and believe in

15 AUGUST 1993
ity and their As the political constitutional :ame marginalassumed ascenserted by some ctims was on a rom that of the dangerous docthe victim soon and the victims by the demons olerance which he oppressor. fratricidal vioand Muslims, e Kathankudy and Medirigirpulsion of Musar and Jaffna
he government since 1983, deof mass deaths ans there have prisals. On the 7 men, women ed by the army te following a
Kokadaicholai listrict. A Comd that the army or the killings, tion to the victain of the unit
was dismissed, the government has not prosecuted those responsible for these gross violations. Similarly after the landmine incident which killed General Denzil Kobbekaduwa, 35 men, women and children were hacked to death by an army unit in Mailanthanai on the borders of the Batticaloa district. Although 23 soldiers have been charged, the transfer of the case from Batticaloa to Polonnaruwa has raised concerns with regard to the state's resolve to prosecute those responsible.
A decade later the basic problems remain unresolved, and to some extent are more intractable. On June 18th 1993, Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe told the Sri Lanka Aid Consortium, "History has shown us, that there are numerous lessons to be drawn from other countries of the world that problems of a minority cannot be resolved by suppressing the minority or by riding roughshod over the heads of the majority. An honourable solution needs a recognisable consensus. We are therefore not relaxing our efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in the North and East based on such a consensus.' But as yet the Sri Lankan political leadership has not shown the political imagination, the resolve or the sense of urgency to forge such a consensus.
iSm Ct
lak Sivarak
lay Buddhists nic conflict with ustice and peace e to return to face trial. This in Kyoto on 20
e of a Buddhist hange. The title is "Seeds of Vision For Reyou state your ords? some length the book mentioned of the Buddhist have to believe ou have to be a simple person th other beings beings such as nd the natural spect other relilearning from
them too. But I think they spend a lot of time and effort to prove the existence of a god. The basic question is one of finding ways to help those who suffer. In a sense everyone in this world suffers in one way or the other. Helping others is a good way to build friendship. I believe that friendship is possible even between persons who hold different views and spiritual values. I know that there are problems when disagreements take irreconcilable forms. I have been beaten up a few times by people who thought that I was their enemy because I disagreed with them. One has to be patient at such times and prepared not to let anger and hatred take the upper hand.
How does Buddhism define an alternative path for social development?
Before answering that question, let me say something about the dominant approaches of our times, capitalism, and socialism as we have known it. Both these approaches have used social engineering strategies in their own ways. I think social engineering has failed to create the conditions for human development. Capitalism does not merely make use of human greed but glorifies this human weakness as a great virtue. It celebrates self.

Page 13
15 AUGUST 1993
interested behaviour. Capitalism encourages accumulation of wealth but does not easily allow even a basically fair distribution of it. It subordinates human development to the accumulation motive by putting the economic objective above all else. I have discussed the new religion of consumerism and how it ruins the Thai society in my last book. The equalitarian ideology of socialism is wonderful but in reality it has led to state capitalism and authoritarianism. Capitalism permits some individual freedom while denying a fair distribution of wealth. The socialism we have seen ensured a fairer * distribution but denied basic freedoms. , I do recognise the merits of Marxist : class analysis and the contribution of Marxism to the debates on social development. Now turning to Buddhism, the most crucial difference it has with capitalism is that it does not seek to make a virtue of self-interest, greed and self-aggrandisement. In fact, Buddhism condemns greed, which can easily lead to aggression and hatred, and shows how to be content by changing yourself and striving with your fellow human beings to improve everyone's wellbeing. Unfortunately, Buddhists have failed to deal with problems in that spirit. We have failed to deal with the injustices of feudalism and capitalism and with the impacts of Hinduism and Confucianism on Buddhist philosophy. We have to understand socio-cultural realities in our societies and their tensions and evolve appropriate approaches so that no section feels discriminated against. As a Buddhist, I am an advocate of what has come to be known as the middle path when it comes to development. We can not turn the clock backwards. We must adopt from the modern systems whatever is good for the people's human development and build a righteous society. This is no easy task and I know it involves compromises for the sake of peace and harmony. I would refer those interested to know more to my book.
if I may turn to a more specific issue, Thai and Lankan Buddhist clerical establishments have had a very long and cordial relationship. You have been involved for Some time in peace promotion in Sri Lanka. Do you think that Buddhist peace activists like you in Thailand could play a role in bringing about a resolution of the Lankan conflict?
Let me first tell you something about Thai-Tamil relations of which many people do not seem to be aware in Thailand or in India and Sri Lanka. Before the establishment of close links between Lankan and Thai Buddhists,
we had a long with South Ind Nadu already hac centuries ago anc intercourse betw. culture. The versi have in Thailan Nadu. The Bra chanted at cere court are Tamil many people still sanskritic. In fact deciphered the wo to be Tamil. And only from North South as well as of the most active in Kanchi.
Sorry to interru have been told ti the word Tamil very bad. is this
Yes. Thamin, t. spelt in Thai, mea ful, bloody, viole history behind thi its current usage language from Mahavansa and t monks who usec May this year, a p stration was brok and several peopl newspaper headli this incident as P. means “May Tha lence. I wrote a newspaper protes use of a word whi the ethnic identi more than 50 m was a positive re. from a popular co paper who stresse use the word Tha have been using could hurt the fe people. I hope thi everyone in Thail
Now to return about our role in p peace in Lanka. T me in Thailand cerned about th Lanka and willing can to bring about the conflict and ar nationality and re a help and a hind The close ties betw and Thai sanghas good communicati other hand the na the Sinhala Bud expect us to suppo at least, not to op: message I have for ists is that they Buddhist precept

period of interaction ian culture. Tamil a rich culture many there was constant een Thai and Tamil on of Ramaayana we d came from Tamil hmanistic mantras monies in the Thai
in origin although think that they are , some scholars have rds and shown them Buddhism came not India but from the Tamil Nadu had one centres of Buddhism
ipt you at this point. hat in your language
means something true?
hat is how Thamil is uns something dreadnt etc. There is a s. I think the word in
came into the Thai Sri Lanka through he Sinhala Buddhist it pejoratively. In eaceful mass demonken up by the police e got killed. A major ined its story about ruspa Thamin’ which umilʼ, i.e. May Violong article to that ting against the misch actually describes ty and language of illion people. There sponse to my article lumnist in the same d that we should not min in the sense we it all this time as it belings of the Tamil s message will reach and.
to your question romoting justice and here are people like who are very cone situation in Sri to do whatever we t a just resolution of end to the war. My ligion could be both rance in this regard. veen the Sri Lankan s provide us with a on channel. On the tionalist elements in dhist sangha may rt their positions or, pose them. The first the Sinhala Buddhshould abide by the of non-violence. You
TAM TIMES 13.
can not be a Buddhist and an advocate or a supporter of violence at the same time. Almost ten years ago, I was asked by three international peace bodies: War Resister International, Peace Brigades International and International Fellowship for Reconciliation, to participate in a peace initiative in Sri Lanka. I agreed to this and visited Sri Lanka in 1984 and several times after that. I met with Buddhist leaders including the Mahanayake to whom I said that the Sangha had got too close to politics at the expense of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. I also politely asked the Mahanayake to explain why there were no Tamil Buddhist monks in Sri Lanka. I did not get a satisfactory answer. As a result of my visits and with the cooperation of the Peace Research Institute, Oslo, (PRIO) we
a managed to invite 35 Buddhist monks
from Sri Lanka to Bangkok for a dialogue and reflection on the ethnic problem. Tord Høvic of PRIO, himself a Buddhist, was very helpful to me. I noticed that the Sinhala Buddhist monks suffered from a mental block when it came to the Tamil question. We talked a lot and at one stage I. proposed that a meeting with Tamil militants may help and that it could be held in Madras or Bangkok. The monks were not ready for such a dialogue yet. They appeared to be worried that such a meeting might
is adversely affect their credibility
among the Sinhala people. We also discussed other matters of mutual interest including alternative development. I showed the monks some parts of Bangkok to help them see the negative aspects of so-called development. They also saw some of the positive side. I raised another important question too. It concerned the virtual disappearance of Pintapata (the practice of begging by Buddhist monks) among the Sri Lankan Buddhist clergy.
An upshot of our efforts was that we gained a few individuals who became dedicated to the peace process at the risk of being attacked by chauvinists as traitors to the Sinhala Buddhist cause. Now some monks and lay persons are working with Tamils. Some of them have been exposed to training in Norway and the Philippines sponsored by HURIDOCS and PRIO. I will continue my effort but I know it is not an easy task to find a solution and end the Wa.
Can a Buddhist be a nationalist too?
Not the way many Buddhists in Sri Lanka are nationalists; they are Sinhalese before they are Buddhists. Buddha was born in India but his
Continued on page 23

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14 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 15
15 AUGUST 1993
On Rewriting Constit
by Jehan Perera
More than a window of opportunity for constitutional change appears to have opened. The same problems of civil war, poverty and moral decay that have dogged the country continue with no sign of decrease. Also, for the first time since 1970, the country does not have a headstrong leadership that knows (or thinks it knows) its final destination.
Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike, President J.R. Jayewardene and President Ranasinghe Premadasa all had clear ideas about where they hoped to take the country. Attempting to persuade them to take another direction or use different methods would well nigh have been a futile endeavour. They believed that they had the answers.
In particular, Mr. Jayewardene with his sophisticated ways succeeded in convincing many intelligent people that he always had a trick up his sleeve by which he would pull the country out of trouble, even at the last moment. That is perhaps the main reason why, during the larger part of his term in office, he was spared the wrath of the intelligentsia that took Mrs. Bandaranaike and Mr. Premadasa to pieces.
But finally it seems that we have got rid of our illusions about politicians, especially those in positions of political power. The fact is quite evident that they have failed to come up with the answers to the country's problems.
Perhaps Mr. Gamini Dissanayake or someone else on the peripheries of today will have the answers for tomorrow. But not today. This is the context in which the think-tank of university dons headed by Prof. G.L. Peiris have been making a series of analyses of the scope for constitutional reform today.
No special mention needs to be made of Peiris’s contribution to the intellectual life of the country. With his brilliant mind, he has been able to make immense contributions to a diverse area of social and political endeavour.
At a recent seminar on the press which was attended by the Prime Minister, Prof. Peiris made a succinct analysis of the situation of journalists that was probably superior to anything a journalist could have done.
Fortunately, Prof. Peiris has been a stranger to intellectual snobbery. Some years ago, a very senior university don delivered a brilliant paper at a seminar. But when he was asked
to publish it in a newspaper, he said:
"No, that is not
ideas.' It is at l snobbish sentime bureaucrats and so easily able to t left without an e cated ideas, for a
Unfortunately, another shortcom unable to distan their ideas. That tional reason wh engaging in open in the newspapers so, they make th to attack by any pick up pen and Peiris been sparec For instance, st editor have app Peiris to task for opinion on many c at an earlier date va,” said Hegel, “ta shades of twilight But it is absu personal criticism, failed to do a good should not do it i. unless we wish to contrary, Prof. Pe mended for gettin ty scholars from work together on
Another criticis that might be ma of articles on co appearing in the abstract and too lose out to lighter newspapers. Perl should have been and less complex the newspapers in read rather than
Limit In my view, h damental criticism al reform project is the constitutiona country has been ciently taking int social reality. For stitutions are imp tegrity who upho are more importal One of the bes written was that Weimar period bet wars. Still for all, constitution that and finally assum
There was a fa liberal constitutio)

TAMIL TIMES 15
utions
the place for these last in part due to hts such as this that politicians have been ake people, who are xposure to sophistiride.
Sri Lankans have ing, and this is to be ce their egos from is perhaps an addiy they shrink from debate, for instance, . Of course, in doing emselves vulnerable one who chooses to paper. Nor has Prof.
such criticism.
averal letters to the eared taking Prof. not expressing his ontroversial matters ... "The owl of Minerakes flight when the are already falling.' rd to make this a . It means that if we thing in the past, we n the future as well be criticised. On the iris should be comg together universidifferent fields to a common project.
m in a similar vein de is that the series institutional reform newspapers are too long making them fare in the Sunday haps these articles written in a shorter style specifically for order to be actually glanced at.
lations
owever, more funis of the constituionthat the analysis of structure in the done without suffio consideration the instance, while conortant, people of inld the constitution nt.
constitutions ever of Germany in the ween the two world it was within this Hitler came to power ed absolute power.
al gap between the and the ugly social
reality with its unemployment, race hate and war reparations. The Weimar constitution and the rights and protections in it became a worthless scrap of paper in the face of this social reality.
Sri Lanka after 1977 offers anothe example of how people in positions c authority, and constitutionally pr tected with autonomy, neverthele, caved in to 'Orders from Above Perhaps they were thinking of thei promotions, or their after-retirement jobs, or getting a foreign trip. Or perhaps they had no spine. Alas, rewriting the constitution will not give a spine to those who do not have one.
Another major issue which Prof. Peiris and his team would need to give more attention to is how to draw up a constitution that meets the needs of the non-elite people who constitute perhaps 90 percent of the population.
A basic feature of all our constitutions is that they were framed by small coteries of political elites. The lifestyles and values of the framers of the constitutions were at variance with those of the vast majority of the people. Therefore, in designing their constitutions they would, naturally and primarily have been guided by their limited visions and protecting their own interests.
Elitist
Unfortunately, Prof. Peiris and his team's effort to show the way to a new constitution appears to suffer from a similar infirmity. Their constitutional reform project appears to be a detached view from the top, and not one that is very much involved with the lives of the millions at the grassroots level.
This weakness comes out somewhat clearly in the recommendation to admit intellectuals and other elevated personalities direct to the Cabinet through the national lists without making them go through the political process.
It is reasonable to believe that in order for a person to understand the people's aspirations, he or she would need to go to the people, spend time with them and see their daily lives and problems. Those who "parachute' into Parliament from 'experts' positions may have all the fine theories, but if they do not understand the social reality, their decisions will very likely be narrow and self-centred ones. Unless, of course, they are like Gandhi.
The model politician and social reformer will, from one point of view, always be Mahatma Gandhi, who though highly educated and from an upper class family, nevertheless gave
Continued on page 18

Page 16
16 TAM TIMES
Tani Refugees in Sri
and the West
by Rajan Hoole
Continued from last issue.
A new category of persons joining the refugee exodus abroad were businessmen fleeing extortionate demands by the LTTE. A typical person in this category, now in London, was a dealer in metal goods, in Jaffna. Through contacts within the LTTE he discovered that a huge sum of money was to be demanded of him. With the help of his friends to obtain travel clearance, he fled to Colombo abandoning his shop. In the course of trying to set up shop in Colombo he was picked up by the police on suspicion with Rs. 85,000/- (US$ 2000) in hand. This was shortly after the JOC bomb explosion in June 1991. He got himself released by going through a lawyer and paying Rs. 20,000/- to an inspector of police. Subsequently policemen called on him regularly. This finally led him to contact an agent and go to London. He took this decision which he had not contemplated earlier, because life in the North or in the South of Sri Lanka became impossible for him. He was a trader who could only trade and was competent at that. The choices for him were to either go abroad, or to give away what remained of his money and beg.
He said that had he the money demanded by the Tigers, he could have brought his entire family to London. A number of businessmen have been abducted and held by the Tigers since 1989, pending payment of large sums of money.
New Ramifications
The cost of living whether in Jaffna, or to rent accommodation and live in the relative safety of Colombo, has become so expensive that nearly every family depends at least on partial support from abroad. This means that a significant proportion of refugees and semi-refugees at home depend on refugees in the West. A small family in Jaffna requires a minimum of Rs. 4000/- a month for food alone. (We are not talking in terms of food that is even remotely adequate nutritionally by Western standards). A graduate school teacher earns a bare Rs. 2700/- a month. Food prices in Jaffna vary sharply and are normally two to any number of times what they are in the South.
A combination of events has driven Jaffna folk to a point where they are forced to live in Sri Lanka at tourist
rates. The availabilit has jacked up variou and the people, how resent it, are locked
This money provi those thrown out of w the risky business of and fuel into Jaffn transport services South. It provides tl the huge cuts on tra visa fees charged by bribes to army and pC the South it helps t costs involved in relea ed up by the police, a In the case of an lady picked up by til ombo, held for one-a and almost certain t the courts, she had lawyers fees of Rs. 10 - an impossible sun dards. In the meantin suffered grievously, h ing committed suici could find this money brother who is a ref land. People’s expens relation to their local thus locking them i phenomenon.
The exodus meant t ortion of women at ho ried. When men went they never dreamed of in the West. But theil that of their family on. The women in tur go West once ma arranged. This has being born and organ munities coming up ir
The response of Wes has pushed up the cost of the exodus. This me of organisation and so ness deals. There is no of the costs being rai means guarantees b payment by instalm against deportation a come part of the en contracts are operate are non-enforceable in Thus deterrents put authorities do not nece those who have links munity through per The costs involved wou difficult for Eastern contacts. Those outs trying to deal with age

15 AUGUST 1993
Lanka
of foreign funds sincidental costs ever much they ntoit. des the spur for ''ork to undertake transporting food a, and providing for those going he means to pay le and transport, the Tigers and lice personnel. In o fund the huge sing people pickind lawyers fees.
innocent young he police in Coland-a-half years, o be released by to come up with 0,000 (US$ 2500) n by local stanhe her family had er husband havide. Her family only because of a ugee in SwitzerBes now bear no earning power, into the refugee
hat a high prophe Wee la, in the mid-80s, permanent stay ir own plight and made them stay n were forced to arriages were led to children ised Tamil com
the West.
stern authorities t and complexity ans a high level phisticated busiw little question sed locally. This y well wishers, ents, insurance ill of which beterprise. These d on trust and a court of law. up by Western issarily keep out
with this comsonal contacts. ld make it more Tamils lacking ide the circles ints with a view
to going abroad face a high risk of being swindled.
The need for funds from relatives in the West would remain long after the conflict is ended. Many have lost their homes and if the past is anything to go by, rehabilitation schemes, although repeatedly promised, never took off. From 1987 people have been repeatedly encouraged to file for claims. Even then the amounts contemplated were paltry in relation to the cost of rebuilding or repair. In a typical case, a house in Urumpirai was bombed in 1987. The cost of repair was well over Rs. 100,000. What a newly graduated son could earn in Colombo was barely Rs. 3000 a month. The parents borrowed money and sent the son to England.
instinctive Reactions
Western governments often try to deal with this exodus without trying to un der stand it s c o m p l exity. Stereotyped phrases such as 'economic refugees' and the associated emotions usually lead to disastrous measures being applied. To start with, a significant proportion of political refugees face real danger at home. The others are not economic refugees in the sense that they wanted to graduate from an old Raleigh bicycle to Jaguar or a Mitsubishi, or from a cottage in Chullipuram to a flat in Chelsea. Nearly every refugee I have come across denies himself the pleasures of the West and sends his last penny home. We are still very much a family centred people where social and cultural expectations play a key role. The money helps many at home to stave off starvation. In a world that has denied them any positive role in protecting the interests of their community, sending money home gives them a means of feeling human and retaining some semblance of honour.
The instinctive reaction of governments is to take a narrowly legalistic view, refuse to understand the problem, and deport them. What results is often ugly and only worsens the problem. In order to make it look good and to minimise the bad publicity at home and abroad, governments try to get one or more international organisation involved. Meaningless statements are made such as "though the North-East is unsafe, the refugees can live in the South'. An international organisation was recently pressurised into lending its name to a proposed deportation from a European country. The international organisation was in turn looking for others to share the liabilities. At one point it had plans to meet the LTTE representative in Paris, another European capital, to minimise friction that could affect its work. But

Page 17
15 AUGUST 1993
when asked, it had no plans to ask its representative in Colombo to receive the deportees and signal to the Sri Lankan government that it had an interest in their well being. Whatever the end result, the politics of such operations take little account of the well-being of the people concerned. They rather pander to the insensitivity of governments and reinforce the LTTE's shadowy role over a whole people. Moreover to so use international organisations which try to breathea little sanity into an insane world order, is to subject them to disrepute and the whole world would lose by it.
Then what would be the plight of a deportee once dumped in Sri Lanka? To start with, they would have no guarantee of security such as Westerners would find acceptable for themselves. Picking up people from refugee camps has continued. There have even been cases of refugees disappearing after they were returned from India under the aegis of UNHCR. When officials of the state contemplating deportations maintain that the security situation has improved, the fact that refugees abducted from camps by government forces in public view have disappeared, and the matter remains swept under the carpet, is conveniently ignored. That disappearance is improbable is not the issue.
More importantly, the person deported would be a heavily indebted, humiliated person without the ability to help himself or his family. This gnawing sense of failure would either destroy the person through suicide or drive him to greater desperation that could work no good.
The only human and dignified solution to the problem needs to be radicallly different.
Some Cautionary Notes:
What follows summarises some points that are already implicit in the foregoing.
1. To treat refugees as unwelcome law breakers or free loaders would only strengthen attitudes on both sides that work towards making the problem insoluble. The reasons for their being refugees have complex ramifications and are, humanly speaking, genuine. An unsympathetic narrow legalism on the part of officials is often reciprocated by answers tailored to fit these legalities. The result is cynicism and a lack of dialogue.
In spite of much cynicism about the LTTE among Western officials, facing a vacuum arising from a lack of dialogue with the refugees, there is a strong temptation to cultivate and use the LTTE as a handle to deal with the
refugees. It in effe what like putting th the sheep pen.
2. In the absence refugees live in co portation whenevel porary peace is sec unhealthy attitude tively distrust a accompanied by a past experience vil such a fear alive is able, but also streng hold over them.
3. The generally u tude towards refug issues while dwellin occasionally hear ol visiting Ceylon and ka after finding hol a couple of refugee turn leads to stereot
The reality is that many students from Jaffna who had poli and fled to the We their lives, did so by ern embassy and have a problem'. Th confirmation from n and that of others colleague and I were high ranking officia High Commission raised two matters. two of our graduates assistantships to foll rammes in Canad They had been deni months of being trea statements, delays a right rudeness. The ( student facing dange us that because ma tem, the innocent 1 logic was not dissim army justifying its lians after a guerrill of complaint written High Commissioner It is against attitude: people powerless th tion has built up.
Take the trader r His story is hardly r pathetic. But his rei refugee are genuine that would receive hearing.
4. It is a mistake on the assumption th in general have no Particularly those w commitment would ) turn, if there is a environment at hom tribution would be re could live in dignit happen as long as a

ct becomes somee wolfin charge of
of a dialogue the nstant fear of dea cosmetic temured. This leads to S. People instinceace that is not olitics of peace as hdicates. To keep hot only unreasongthens the LTTE's
nsympathetic attigees distorts real g on inanities. We Western officials exclaiming “Eurees in the stories of claimants. This in yping.
, hardly any of the the University of tical involvements st in real fear of 7 going to a Westsaying, "Listen, I is reality received ly own experience known to me. A talking to a very l in the Canadian in Colombo. We One was that of who had obtained ow research progian universities. led visas after six ated to misleading and finally to outother was that of a r. The official told ny abuse the sysmust suffer'. The ilar to that of an massacre of civia attack. A letter to the Canadian received no reply. smaking ordinary at an ugly situa
2ferred to earlier. omantic, heroic or asons for being a , but hardly ones a sympathetic
to make decisions. at Tamil refugees wish to return.
ho had a political mostly like to rehealthy political e where their concognised and they y. This will not ttitudes of states
TAMIL TIMES 17
empower only the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE.
5. When people do return, apart from security, they must also have assurances of financial solvency to ensure that life with dignity is possible. A person must be able to fulfil basic social obligations. No amount of money pledged to the rehabilitation ministry, the provincial government or to other large organisations will convince a person whose house was destroyed that help is on the way. Experience has made people very distrustfully in a culture where accountability has been on the decline. A person would by far place his bets on a son in the West to have his house rebuilt. There is thus a real need to make money more directly accessible to people.
6. When dealing with Tamil re
fugees, it must be kept in mind that it is not an individual one is dealing with, who could be dumped in Colombo and forgotten. Almost every individual refugee represents a community of interests depending on him to meet basic needs, stretching through Colombo to Jaffna. w
A Recapitulation of Causes
Once more to get things in perspective, the internal as well as the external refugee problem up to mid-1986 was largely due to the actions of the Sri Lankan state. The Tamils left in Ceylon at this time were either those committed to the struggle, who believed that peace would soon return, or like the rural refugees and those who went to India, lacked the means to go very far.
From this time to the present, internal refugees continued to multiply by the hundreds of thousands because of massacres and actions of state forces. These actions contributed to a steady stream of refugees going West, in much smaller numbers in relation to the rising internal problem, as homes and livelihoods were destroyed. But the external refugees exodus became more complex, acquiring a critical internal dimension. Except for a small handful, the exodus of the large number of young and students with a political commitment to the liberation struggle was a direct consequence of internal developments. It must be remembered that a liberation struggle involves a high level of politicisation. The Tigers' hold on power necessarily demanded depoliticisation, and depended rather on sensationalism and terror.
Once the politics became debased, almost every aspirant for power used terror. The LTTE may have gained the Continued on page 18

Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 17
intiative and made a fine art of it. But particularly during the IPKF presence, everyone with a real or imagined link with one party was in danger from the other. The need to flee for many was very real.
The role of the Sri Lankan state in the suffering of by far the huge, destitute and almost forgotten internal refugee problem should not be lost sight of
Approaching the Problem Creatively
The foregoing, perhaps, suggests courses of action that could be adopted in practice, would gain the approval of host countries and would also go some way towards creating conditions for a VOLUNTARY return of refugees. As much as one may wish, ideal conditions for their return would not arise in a few months or two years. These suggestions if developed may also pave the way for a dialogue on the issues which is frank, sympathetic and respects truth rather than desultory legalities.
1. The dialogue should in the first instance involve the section of refugees who had a political commitment to the struggle. Many of them still show an active concern through several excellent journals appearing in Tamil. They are the ones most likely to wish to return even if conditions are not ideal. Provided they have an opportunity to contribute towards the general social and material upliftment of the community, rather than live as zombies, returning home would be a fulfilment of the aims that fired their youth.
This dialogue, if accompanied by political will, could even evolve a time frame to work towards a solution.
Continued from page 15 up everything and with a goat and loincloth walked the length and breadth of India among the people, serving them, loving them, organising them and learning from them. As an outcome of all of this only did he speak up on their behalf.
It is his counterparts we most need in Sri Lanka today. It is also a changed consciousness in the people themselves that will forcefully propel the political leaders towards resolving the problems in the country. By putting forth ideas for debate in the press, Prof. Peiris and his team are undoubtedly contributing to that change in people's thinking. But their efforts need to be complemented by people's organisations such as the Sarvodaya Movement that work with and organise people at the base of society. This should be recognised too.
There must be para the government al show tangible good
benign political and vironment where a
feasible.
2. On the part o government, there r initiative to give c Tamils. To tackle di civilians because of forces in isolation c mited results. Extor example is very mucl the lack of political C a political initiative, terprise will be ab confused as the econ
The practical prob governments having refugee representati by using NGOs more
For anyone to sa are right for the ret meaningless unless well-being of inter assured. To start w ment must be mad those hundreds of r by the forces in publi responsibility was lat of peace in the count. meaning if there col day and people dis: when the governmel quarrel with a rebel one with whom they thieves.
3. The Tigers must demonstrate that the and that people could well-being of their col interference and as allows. To start wit made to account for political prisoners th who are committed to the community and a it can be tortured, kill by its so-called rep community has no fugees would do wel they are. The ability C ly committed refuge the early release of oners, will crucially prospects for a politi a general return of r
4. With these meas keeping refugees idl encouraged to acquir the eventual rehal whole community skills could be tech nursing, providing a war-maimed and th running of co-operati
As mentioned ear the security and polit.

15 AUGUST 1993
el moves to bring d the Tigers to aith in creating a human rights eneturn of exiles is
the Sri Lankan ust be á political nfidence to the abilities faced by he actions of the un only bring liion of Tamils, for a consequence of irection. Without the security enut as open and )my. lems involved in a dialogue with es can be bridged effectively.
that conditions urn of refugees is the security and nal refugees is ith, the govern2 to account for 2fugees abducted c view, for which er denied. Totalk ry would have no uld be peace one appear the next nt forces have a group, especially were as thick as
be challenged to y respect dissent contribute to the mmunity without their conscience h they must be the 4000 or so by hold. If those the well-being of ctively cared for ed or imprisoned esentatives, the future. The rel to stay where f those politicalps to return and he LTTE's prisdetermine the cs of peace and fugees.
ures, rather than , they should be 2 skills geared to ilitation of the t home. These ical, psychiatric future for the 2 founding and 'e enterprises. ier, apart from cal aspects of the
return of refugees, the economic one is also a key to the whole process. The government, central or provincial, and large institutions probably cannot handle this and the people's past experience will hardly give them confidence in these institutions. Money must be much more within the reach of people. The host countries in the West could involve committed and appropriately trained returning refugees as a means of directing relief in a decentralised manner. This is just the germ of an idea whose working out would be more involved. Those who remained at home should not be made to feel powerless.
5. If those who were once politically committed had established themselves at home, and conditions are seen to have improved, then many other refugees will wish to return voluntarily. Although material advantages in the West could be habit forming, most of those from rural backgrounds who came to the West feel more keenly the loss of emotional security which the easy going communal life at home gave them. What they mainly ask for is a life with dignity and without want.
If the problem is approached sympathetically and with understanding, without making the refugees feel threatened, I strongly believe that it could be resolved to the satisfaction of all concerned.
TAMILTIMEs
Arafusal St.
i wish to payire my subscription for

Page 19
5 AUGUST 1993
THE SIU
B-CONTINENTAL
O Rao Govt. Survive
The two-year-old Narasimhao Rao government has managed to survive by the skin of its teeth. In a touch and go affair, the Cong-I marshalled all its resources to get the Opposition noconfidence motion defeated by a mere 14 votes, 265 against and 25l for.
The no-confidence motion mentioned three points for its lack of confidence in the Council of Ministers – namely, the government's 'antipeople economic policies based on total surrender to the IMF-World Bank, its 'compromising attitude to communal forces and its 'all-pervading corruption.'
While the effective strength of the Lok Sabha, the Lower House of the Indian Parliament, is 533, 524 MPs were present at the time of voting on the night of July 28, not counting the Speaker. All the 248 members of the ruling party voted against the motion and so did ten of its minor allies.
But the government's victory was made possible by a split in the Ajit Singh-led Janata Dal, with seven of its 20 members defying the party whip and supporting the Cong-I. Incidentally the Ajit Singh group itself is a splinter group of the Janata Dalled by Mr. V.P. Singh and the split had been engineered by the Cong-I last year. Poetic justice then if the Cong-I is at it again when Mr. Ajit Singh tries to play truant!
Both then and now, it was the arch-manipulator of Indian politics Dr. Subramanyam Swamy who played a crucial role in strengthening the position of the minority government of Rao.
Even though it had warded off two other no-confidence motions in the past, this time around it had to undergo some agonising moments before the result was out because virtually the entire opposition, the Hindu revivalist BJP, the Left parties as also the AIADMK from Tamil Nadu, till recently a trusted ally of the Cong-I, had ganged up in an attempt to vote out the Rao regime.
While the Left had become disenchanted with the seemingly unstoppable liberalisation policies initiated by Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, the BJP is keen to cash in on the militant mood among a section of Hindus in the North in the wake of the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya in December last. As for the AIADMK, since Mr. Rao consistently
refused to humour Ms. Jayalalitha, s him a lesson, thoug fully as it has turn However, the fac Narasimha Rao wh of his innings had consensus' and prC change from the ab is now a beleaguel record blotted on himself is at the storm, charged as Rs.1 crore from th broker Harshad M made any serious e on the matter. Th dron is still hissi anytime again. Th vanishing into thin liberalisation.
O Jayal
(r
Kഗ്ദa.
With her known pe als, Tamil Nadu ( AIADMK suprem denly embarked on on a quiet Sunda third week of Jul immediate release in Cauvery by Kar withering khariffic
Even her most vi concede that Tamil strong case. The ne taka has steadfastl the interim awar
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 19
SCENE
BeS
the bloated ego of he sought to teach gh not very successed out. it remains that Mr. no at the beginning striven to "rule by mised a refreshing rasive Rajiv regime 'ed man, his trackvarious fronts. He centre of a scamhe is with receiving he notorious stockTehta. He has not ffort to come clean e communal caulng, could explode ousands of jobs are air in the wake of
by T.N. Gopalan, Madras
Though the Cong-I is heaving a sigh of relief, its leaders are aware that troubled days are ahead. For instance in the forthcoming elections in the four northern states the BJP is poised to sock it in the party's eye. And more elections are to follow in other states.
With no charismatic leader around, Mr. Rao himself prevaricating on major issues, corruption charges mounting, the future is anything but bright for the Cong-I. But the prospect of a take-over by the Hindu fundamenta, ists is not very pleasant either.
And hence a search is on for a secular left-of-centre united front to take on the BJP and its allies. And for a dynamic leadership.
In the circumstances Mr. Rao does not certainly fit the bill, and his party might be obliged to look for a man with a vision to steer it out of trouble in the days to come.
|alitha Tries a "Fast' One
16KéN OF é000 W)\LL AND QNDERSsaND |N6,
AyA 5 ) ... e Cella2% of CQuv2R) W)1(e o 1O2, So YceR
ܖ ܖ ܝ ܪ ܐܝrܐܼ ܐ ܢ ܢ 

Page 20
20 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 21
15 AUGUST 1993
Trauma of Sri Lankan Refugees in South I
by N. Gopalan, Madras
The saga of the Sri Lankan Tamils seems to be a never-ending tragedy. The discrimination and the pogroms in the island, the fratricidal war among the militants, the disastrous Indian intervention, the continuing battle for supremacy between the Tigers and the Lankan armed forces and the consequent stone-age living conditions in Jaffna and so on.
Through all that misery the moral support from the Tamils of Tamil Nadu has been a source of great strength to the Lankan Tamils. At the sign of the slightest trouble, they could hop into the first available boat and make it to the Indian shores. There has never been a dearth of sympathisers who would accommodate them. In 1983, 1985 and even in 1990 - when the Tigers were crossing swords with the IPKF - the governments of the day, both at the Centre and at the state, went about organising camps for the refugees, disbursing doles and food articles and generally ensuring that the administrative action or attitude did not add to the woes of the displaced.
There was a time in 1985 when the entire bureaucracy worked overtime to see that life was as comfortable as possible for "our guests'. This correspondent had met a refugee at Mandapam then who said, "They are doing a grand job, feeding us, sustaining us and guaranteeing our security which our own government miserably failed to do.'
But the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi has irretrievably damaged their position. There were around 1.15 lakh persons accommodated in 237 camps at the time. In a fit of rage, Ms. Jayalalitha herself called for the repatriation of all the Lankan Tamils from the Indian soil.
Ground realities softened her up a bit when she assumed office as Chief Minister. But she decided that she would not allow any trouble to erupt from the refugee quarters.
She ordered proper registration of all Lankan Tamils and thereafter succeeded in getting the Centre to accede to the deportation of 29,102 refugees till October last year.
It is not just the question of registration or the militant infiltration or the deportation which is causing concern to the human rights activists and the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees monitori but the very attitude the government ofTal tunately the poor La fugees - both inside outside - have become round suspicion and h is causing tremendous psyche.
Perhaps the most se refugees has been il education. After the in Sri Lanka in 1983 scale immigration Tamils, the state g ordered special quota the refugees in prof But now the doors of a educational institutio good for the Lankan r schools the refugee ch admission only with a difficulty. As a percept it, "The Rajiv assassin the most treacherous conceive of, and it ha great setback to the The perpetrators hav themselves for their p But I don't think it even makes sense to di refugee children their nying them educatio. way of sending them long into the most mi militancy. The power seem to realise that it introspection and ex wider world - which can provide - that sets irresponsible and tract....'
The 30,000 and odd 131 refugee camps fi ments increasingly ge ever since the assass 1991. They are allow, only for a few hours only after obtaining p the authorities.
The ban prevents gainfully employing hi and supplementing the The cash and rice doles to meet the needs of and hence the menfolk to take up a variety o tough physical laboul nearby. This has now
A voluntary organ described the state of thus: "Their nutritior

TAMIL TIMES 2.
Tamil ndia
ng the situation, of the people and mil Nadu. Unforunkan Tamil re
the camps and e the target of all ostility, and this damage to their
rious blow to the n the sphere of ethnic holocaust 3 and the largeof the Lankan overnment even for the wards of assional courses. almost all higher ns are shut for efugees. Even in hildren could get great amount of tive observer put ation is perhaps activity one can s proved to be a Eelam struggle. e to blame only resent situation. is either fair or eny the innocent education. Den is the surest hurtling headsguided form of s-that-be do not t is only lack of posure to the only education the youth on an adventurist
inmates of the nd their moveetting restricted ination in May ed to move out a day, that too permission from
a refugee from mself or herself 2 family income. are inadequate many a family especially used fjobs involving in the towns ceased.
isation worker efugee children nal intake has
gone down dangerously. What can they eat when their fathers have been denied the opportunity to earn some extra income and the vegetable prices are shooting up everyday?. . . .”
Hundreds of Lankan Tamils have been cashiered by many established concerns fearing trouble with the police after the Sriperumbudur blast. It is in the unorganised sector like the construction industry that the refugees have a good chance of being taken in, though on a casual basis. And this is where the restrictions come in their way.
In the rural areas the refugee women from the camps find it difficult to go around collecting twigs and firewood as they get into trouble with the local people. The latter conveniently label the Lankan women as Tiger informants and the police pounce upon them with alacrity. With a meagre allotment of around three litres of kerosene per family per month and firewood supplies difficult to replenish, many families can afford to cook only once in two or three days.
Temporary structures were constructed by the authorities purportedly to house the refugees for short periods, but there is no chance the refugees here will move out on their own. Meantime the shelters are decaying and during monsoon the conditions of the inmates become miserable. The children become an easy prey to all kinds of infectious diseases at such times.
The toilets in most of the camps are bursting at the seams. The refugees stray into private fields nearby creating unnecessary friction with the locals.
Poor nutrition and unhygienic environments add to the health problems of the refugees. The health care system is nothing much to speak of. Many doctors simply refused to visit the camps in the wake of the assassination. The government doles being what they are, the inmates can hardly afford to seek treatment from private medical practitioners.
While the doles, fixed three years ago, have remained static, the payment dates do not correspond to the supply of the subsidised rations in the camps. So then the procureatient of subsidised food articles becomes difficult and the inmates are constrained to buy such items from nearby shops at exorbitant rates.
But more than most the constant harassment due to checking and finger-printing, rude behaviour and incivility of the authorities, sheer con
Continued on page 22


Page 22
22 TAMIL TIMES
"To be uprooted from one's own land is itself a trauma for anyone. Could be even more so for women since cultural differences are destabilising. . . While the camp-life is not enjoyable in the best of times, since the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi th ings h a ve become much uvorse...Our families are disintegrating and we feel humilitated at every turn...Suicide seems to be the only option for many of us,” despairs Mahalakshmi, an inmate of a camp in Gudiyatham in North Arcot district.
She notes that back home Lankan Tamil girls pursue their education till the high school and beyond, then go for jobs and get married. The ethnic strife, the flight to India and problems in schooling here have rudely disrupted that process and many girls are confined to their homes. This naturally gives rise to a lot of interaction with the boys of the camp lounging around. Then on to affairs, marriages without parental consent, family break-up and so on. Many parents who fled to India in the interest of the safety of their children lament their decision to leave Sri Lanka. “We’re going unstuck, they say.
Mrs. Manohari notes young couples go in for abortion because of
Women in Exile
their precarious tion, this natural health of the uv afford nutritional the pregnant; no money to go in f god, we'd like to h we can't afford. We rive ourselves of experience of mot cries in anguish.
Mrs. Mary Jeno Arcot points to an the cатриотет lutely no privacy u ing bath or ansuveri . . . We feel humilia those who taunt us it is the uvay uve li without any sense ( finement for long secual perversions, On the one hand tends to bring dou among the refugee suicidal tendencies crease, though no pr available. As a com uve're being slowly Mrs. Fransisca.
She also says those separated f bands find life ver) camps. 'We're unab in search of jobs sir
Continued from page 21
finement for long periods of time in one place or another are all proving traumatic to the refugees.
Now take into consideration the problem of those in the special detention camps. Apart from the thousand and odd militants and their families held in various camps, there are six or seven camps in which refugees arrested on flimsy grounds are kept.
The Organisation for the Protection of the Tamils of Eelam from Genocide and other Violations of Human Rights (PROTEG) says that it has received letters from many such detenus who are "languishing in these special camps for about two years' (since the crackdown after the assassination) without being told of the nature of the crimes they are supposed to have committed and without any inquiry being held.
Take the instance of A. Gopalapillai, first accommodated in the camp at Athyanthal in Tiruvannamalai Sambuvarayar district. When he went to the Aliyanilai camp in Pudukottai looking for his family, he did not find them there and he fell sick. He found it necessary to stay on in the Pudukottai
camp for some time
attended on him. B turned to Athyant months later, he fou
- istration cancelled.
He again applied only to be picked up police. He is serving subjail for the last 2
There is this Phil lost her husband wh itself and was put dapam camp along w children in 1990. Wh be repatriated, sł arrested and taken special camp in Coil Her persistent reque transferred to a norn have been in vain. ' such cases. And most talking in terms of go motherland despite tions obtaining there.
This corresponde Lanka recently and Vavuniya sheltering repatriated from Indi not go back to their because of the war b tants and the Lankal

15 AUGUST 1993
economic condiy telling on the men. “We can’t supplements to actation, but no r baby food. Oh ue children, but consciously depthat wonderful herhood. ...,' she
from a camp in other problem of - "There's absohether it is takng nature's called and there are asking whether e in Lanka too, fshame. . . Conperiods breeds too. . . "
lack of privacy in the birth rate s. On the other are on the inecise figures are munity, I think, wiped out, says
that widows of rom their husdifficult in the le to venture out ce tongues tend
- to get loose in such circumstances...And the doles are very inadequate. . . Without emotional or financial support from the male, we find existence crushing...’
Ms. Thenmozhi, a refugee outside the camp, notes that back home the uomen are more independent than the Tamil women of this country. "We tend to be more aware, get involved in some public work or other, earn our own money, generally hold our heads high despite all the oppression common to the lot of the women the world over. All that has changed here. We find it difficult to adjust to. And anyway as Lankans we are seen as aliens more and more...'
Houvever, Ms. Suryakumari, a petite social uvorker, is optimistic: "This is an ordeal of fire. Rudely pulled out of the cocooned existence back home, the Lankan Tamil woman is forced to make the best of very adverse circumstances. She learns to get by with very little and fight social odds, face officials of varying kinds, adjust to differing environments as she shifts from one place to another and finally makes do without male support. May be exposure to things here will prevent them from becoming fascinated by senseless militancy and encourage them to take to democratic struggles. . .
and his relatives ut when he rehal a couple of nd his own reg
for registration by the Q branch nis time in Polur ) months. mina Rani who ile in Sri Lanka up at the Manth her two small in she refused to e was simply o the Tatabath mbatore district, sts that she be all refugee camp here are many of them are now ng back to their he harsh condi
ht was in Sri
isited a camp in
those who were
a but who could illages or towns xtween the mili
forces.
The inmates of the camp did say that they had opted to get back because of the special circumstances prevailing in India after June 21, 1991. But they were not very happy about their decision. "The government is indifferent. The militant groups collaborating with the government are highlighting our problems and succeeding in getting some occasional redressal. But we feel like aliens in our own land. In Jaffna life is very difficult, primitive. ...Elsewhere too there is this tension with the Muslims, the Sinhalese and the STF. We're in a blind alley. We don't know what to do.'
There was this young boy, 14-yearsold who had fled the Vavuniya camp in the hope of finding a job in the central districts. He did secure a job in the construction industry for a time in a Sinhalese area. When his master was not paying his remuneration, he protested and the master promptly complained to the police. The boy was a militant infiltrator for the police, any Tamil for that matter is to the Lankan police, and he was beaten up mercilessly on his knees and hips. His brothers somehow traced him and brought him back to Vavuniya.


Page 23
15 AUGUST 1993
The memory of a young boy with a tonsured head, unable to stand steadily without some support, words dropping from his mouth in an excruciatingly slow pace, hardly audible, a hunted look on his face, unable to divine what he had done to warrant such a cruel fate is still rankling in my heart.
I also met his father, a lorry driver in Jaffna, who had come to Vavuniya at that time for a brief reunion with his family. I'm going back. What can I do here?'
But surely you should be taking your family back with you to Jaff. na. . . The conditions here are bad. . .”
"No I can't, I can't. ...At least life is secure here...We're destined to suffer for a long, long time to come. . .”
That digression was to drive home the point that no refugee can even contemplate going back to his or her native land whatever the conditions obtaining here.
So then they are trapped in an essentially non-win situation - the atmosphere in this country is very antagonistic with ever present threats of mass deportation hanging over them, but the island situation is even worse and hence going back is unthinkable.
And now the state government has thought it fit to prevent even the voluntary organisations - providing nutritional supplements to the camp inmates, running schools, coaching classes and so on - from entering the refugee camps. Evidently this move comes in the wake of the Congress-I charges of “revival of militant activity in the state'.
But as a camp inmate of Gummidipoondi wonders, “Who is the loser? It's only we the refugees. The NGOs (NonGovernmental Organisations) are supplementing the governmental work. Why should it be prevented? The government is welcome to screen us all and weed out the militants from our midst, if any. But it is not fair to deprive us of the services of these organisations. . . "
The British Refugee Council and several other donor agencies have already appealed to the state and central governments to lift the ban on the entry of the NGOs.
It may be noted here that the state government's efforts to repatriate the refugees on a massive scale ground to a halt last year following an avalanche of complaints to the UNHCR by a number of human rights activists and organisations of coercion and intimidation. The UNHCR has set up an office in Madras now, and they have a free
access to the camp stantly monitoring it would be difficult to attempt any fo hereafter. (Incident which foots a perce towards refugee re responding to plea government for re refugees evidently b tical differences b gress-II and the AIA The UNHCR is ex of work the world ov Johnsson of the o Numerous are the i basic rights are viola more massive scale ... Refugees, individ tively, are returned others cannot obtain to procedures for se still others are denie survival and mar
Continued from pag
teachings spread fa. countries and states can not be a nationa she may support thc ments that can serve universal humanist Buddhism stands. there is no Holy Wau in the real world Bu involved in state-n often compromised t the sake of patronag oppressed the people tends to divert the truly Buddhist cou. into supporting anc tions of peoples' righ promise with the sta of privileges includ nefits, but that is no Buddhism has r contribute in a signi solving the basic people for 2500 ye values have been very establishments posed to practise monks openly defe display extreme for and hatred towarc Buddhism has faile what makes you Buddhist vision?
In 1973, there w uprising in Bangko political change at dictators of Thailanc I was engaged in a students at that tim political change wa and that we all sho changes by followi

s. They are conthe situation, and for the authorities rced repatriation ally, the Centre, 2ntage of the bill lief work, is not s from the state patriation of the ecause of the polietween the ConDMK).
panding its sphere rer. Mr. Anders B. rganisation says, instances in which ted, probably on a than ever beforelually and collecagainst their will; asylum or access eeking protection; d the very basis of ly suffer direct
TAM TIMES 23
physical violence, often in the most outrageous forms...'
And he goes on to assert that refugee protection, ensuring through all available means that refugees are afforded minimum rights essential to their existence and security, is a matter of top priority for the UNHCR.
Says Mr. S.C. Chandrahasan, an eminent Lankan Tamil emigre and the prime mover behind the Organisation for Eelam Refugees Rehabilitation, India has been doing a wonderful job. Its refugee camps were among the best in the entire world. But the recent strains have made things difficult for our community. The point is that one should be able to distinguish between those who undermine the law of the land and those genuinely in need of protection and assistance. I only hope things will take a turn for the better in course of time. . .
je 13
r and wide across . A true Buddhist list although he or se national move2 as vehicles of the values for which For a Buddhist, or Just War. But ddhists have been haking and have heir principles for e from states that 2. State patronage sangha from the rse and coopts it l justifying violaits. Once you comute you enjoy a lot ing material beit Buddhism.
not been able to ficant way toward problems of the ars. Its universal distorted by the s which were supthem. Buddhist end violence and ms of chauvinismo non-Buddhists. d for 2500 years, have faith in the
as a big student k which led to a
the top as the fled the country. dialogue with the e. I told them the s only superficial uld work for basic ng the Buddhist
path. The student leaders told me that we had given 2500 years for Buddha and the time had come to give Mao the due place. Mao and not Buddha, they insisted, had the answer to Thailand's problem. I told them that Mao and Buddha had similar aims but Mao believed in violence whereas Buddha believed in non-violence. Buddhism asks you to challenge your own inner self first before trying to challenge others but Maoism asks you to challenge others but not the self. They did not agree with me. For about three years, hundred flowers bloomed' but then the dictators returned with a vengeance in 1976. At this point, hundreds of students left Bangkok for the jungles to join the Thai Communist Party with the aim of making the revolution. They returned after some time quite disillusioned. These youths were basically Thai nationalists who found the Thai Communist Party to be more Chinese than Thai. Some of them have developed beyond the limits of their old beliefs and begun to be interested in the Buddhist approach.
Past Copies of Tamil Times Past copies of Tamil Times are available for sale in 11 volumes, the present series being volume 12. The price of each volume is £20 by surface mail. Those interested are requested to send a cheque/draft/money order for £20 for each volume to:
The Circulation Manager, Tamil Times Ltd., P.O. Box 121, Sutton, SM13TD, U.K. The price for each Volume in other CurrenCies is: US$40/CanS47/AuS$54.


Page 24
24 TAMIL TIMES
READERS FORUM
A SECOND REFERENDUM - WHAT FOR2
THE announcement by the Sinhala government to hold a further referendum in 4 months time, raises two major questions which have not been addressed so far.
1. Is there a legitimate reason for holding a second referendum?
The first referendum held in 1988 merged the eastern province with the north on a temporary basis. A second referendum was to be held one year later to confirm the arrangement but this time limit has long since expired. The intention behind allowing the first referendum to cover a temporary rather than a permanent merger was to minimise the blood letting that was going on. It was an exercise in semantics to save human lives rather than affecting the principle of a merger. It was widely understood at that time that the requirement for a second referendum would be waived and in fact the peace accord made no provision in the event of not holding a second referendum within the specified time limit.
So what we have is a merger achieved by a referendum of the people directly affected by it. These people are not agitating for a further referendum nor do they want any changes to the existing merged set up. A referendum is the ultimate weapon of democracy. U.K. carried out two referenda in 1978 with regard to separate assemblies for Scotland and Wales. The Scottish referendum was restricted to Scottish people and the Welsh referendum to the Welsh.
Referendums stand on their own right and override the constitutional provisions. They are used to modify existing constitution(s). Remember how many referenda were held during the period of Charles de Gaulle, the former French President, to overcome restrictions imposed by the French Constitution.
The request by the Sinhala political parties to hold a second referendum in the eastern province is not a legitimate ground for holding a further referendum because it is not their direct
COncern.
2. Even if there was a legitimate ground, who is to supervise the conduct of the referendum?
The original referendum was supervised by the Indians who were accepted at that time as honest brokers. After the killing of thousands of Tamils by the IPKF the Indians are no
longer qualified to The recent killing c Kittu by the India further confirmed tion.
All Sinhala pol unanimous in theil demerged. The sup ferendum by the Si will make a mock governing referendu to the conflict with record in the east, a them will automatic referendum. The re international standi
The only option a the United Nations ferendum. After all pervised elections the conflict in Cey history. What of tl who are eligible thousands who hav more who are mi hundred thousand (
How can the Sin. were settled in the e government after allowed to vote in Should the east be and the settlers Sinhala homeland belong? Where do The United Nations ajudicate on all thes after that there ma for a referendum af
P. V
94 St. James Road, Sutton, Surrey SM12TT.
COLONI
RE the article “The
malee and Sri La Rajah Hoole. I am publish this article lem of state sponso onization of traditi lands instead of yo bashing. The article jibes aimed at the
thor, is well writ praise. It is not my i his mis-directed crit Suffice to state that the entire East an North would have Sinhalese colonizat
It is not a hidd mediately following successive Sinhall whether green or b. high priority state the North and East old D.S. Senanaya guise of land deve the Gal Oya Rive

15 AUGUST 1993
pe honest brokers. f the Tamil leader state pirates has their disqualifica
tical parties are wish to see east ervision of the renhala government tery of the rules ums. Being a party a terrible track iny supervision by ally invalidate the sult will have no ng or legitimacy. vailable is to have supervise the re, they recently suin Cambodia and lon has a longer he ground rules - to vote? The e died? The many ssing? Some 300 lisplaced? hala colonists who ast by the Sinhala independence be
the referendum?
de-colonised first sent back to the where they really we draw the line? will be required to e matters first and ly well be no need ter all.
farothayasingham
ZATION
Meaning of Trincoinka’s Future” by glad you chose to to focus the probred Sinhalese colonal Tamil homeur usual anti-Tiger , barring the cheap Tigers by the auten and deserves ntention to answer icism of the LTTE. if not for the LTTE a greater part of been over-run by
OI 0W.
n secret that im
independence all ese governments, ue, have made it a policy to colonize It started with the ke who under the lopment launched - Valley Develop
ment Scheme in 1949 in the Batticaloa District. This was followed by Allai, Kanthalai and Padavia (Pavatkulam in the Trincomalee District.
Even as late as 1988, after the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement, the then Minister for Land and Mahaveli Development Mr. Gamin. Dissanayake by a government gazette notification dated April 16, 1988 declared Mullaitivu as a separate District and commenced the Weli Oya Sinhala colonization, after re-namine Manal Aru. In 1988 and 1989 alone more than 3364 Sinhalese families mostly ex-convicts, blessed by the Buddhist bhikkus and protected by the Sri Lankan Sinhalese army as usual. were settled in Weli-Oya scheme. The colonization still continues unabated with the help of the Sri Lankan security forces who stand guard over the Sinhalese settlers.
The state aided Sinhalese colonization had altered drastically the demographic composition of both the North and the East, specially the latter. An entire new district Amparai (Paddippalai Aru became Galoya, and Amparai became Ampara and now it is called Digamaduwa) was carved-out of the Batticaloa in 1961. Also two more electoral districts, Amparai and Seruvila, were created for the Sinhalese settlers in 1959. The demographic change could be seen from the fact that while according to the 1881 Census there were 75,408 Tamils and 5,947 Sinhalese in the Eastern Province, but according to 1981 Census there were 399,788 Tamils and 243,129 Sinhalese. Thus just under 100 years the population of Tamils had increased by only 430% while at the same time the Sinhalese increased by 3,988%. The current statistics after the holocaust of 1983 and Eelam War 1 and II might place the Sinhalese in the majority in the Eastern Province
The Tamils should not entertain any illusion regarding the real intention of the Sinhalese government, any Sinhalese government. The Weli Oya colonization is meant to destroy the territorial integrity of Tamil homeland and subsequently undermine the basis for a separate state. Those doubting souls among the Tamils should read the article written by Mahalinga Herman Gunaratne titled "DESTROYING THE BASIS OF EELAM” which appeared in the Sunday Times, Colombo of August 26, 1990.
Yours sincerely,
Rajan Thangavelu,
2075-51 Warden Avenue, Scarborough,
Ontario, M1T 3R1.


Page 25
15 AUGUST 1993
BOOK REVE
'Lanka 1986-92
by Stephen Champion
The book which is an outstanding
photographic record (over 100 photographs) vividly captures the many facets of life in Sri Lanka, a country little understood in the West. In a kaleidoscopic pictorial depiction of the varying patterns of life in Sri Lanka, an island torn apart by the on-going ethnic conflict and the devastation of the consequential war, Stephen Champion deftly moves from the tranquility of the terraced paddy fields of the island's picturesque hill country, the arid plains of the north, the merrymaking at a popular cricketing occasion - the annual Royal-Thomian battle of the blues” – a fashion parade, a mannequin show, a gentleman of leisure relaxing with his golf clubs in his country mansion to the other end of the spectrum, namely, the gruesome sights of lamp-post killings in the North and East, the equally abhorrent killings in the South, the pathetic sight of a child crying amidst the debris of what was a few moments ago his home, make-shift limbs for the limbless wounded by a devastating civil war and even a macabre scene of a shop filled with corpses from where blood oozes from beneath its closed doors.
It is a fascinating collage of interesting “takes' of true to life events which brings within one cover scenes of opulence and poverty, of happiness and misery, of tranquility and violence, of peace and war. "There is no such thing
as a war crime, wat rightly concludes i. Champion delib easy temptation Lanka as a tourist from paradise' as would have it (wh realistic clichel) - historical monume dagobas with a over 2500 years purest “Theravada effort to romantici country in elegiac in its raw, earthy the bad and the juxtaposed. To the book may appear medley of unrelat discerning, howev poetic photograph more in it than me
Rated as one travelled foreigne) interior, he has, a vered the heart of and divided. As o Sri Lanka every Champion is more present his depict with a stamp of au out a trace of bias. The book is pu Publishing Ltd., South Street, Read and is priced at £ bited by the Brit Lanka on 3rd Ma Champion was bor gland in 1959; he Degree of Fine Ar cisco Art Institute
The Ethic Of The
The immortal wor var incorporates til concepts of the ai ukkural is known or the Ethical E people. On 9 July book to Thirukk Ethical Essence ushered into the
Sangham style, by jah. In the rende Couplets' of Thiru the author has cc marked by brevit. original. The bre amplitude of mea
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 25
r is the crime' - he
his preface.
erately avoids the of presenting Sri s' haven - "40 miles the tourist blurbs at a painfully unor as the land of nts, of temples and ecorded history of of Buddhism in its form. There is no e or glamourise the style. He presents it orm, with the good, ugly all cleverly uncritical eye, the as an ill-assorted ed images; to the er, it is a piece of ly where there is ets the eye.
of the ten most 's in the country's is he states, 'discoSri Lanka, bloody ne who has visited
year since 1985, e than qualified to ion of the country thenticity and with
blished by Garnel 8 Southern Court, ing RG1 4QS, U.K. 17.95. It was exhiish Council in Sri rch 1993. Stephen n in Worcester, Engained his Master's ts in the San Franin 1985.
T. Pathmanathan.
all Essence
Tamils
k of St. Thiruvalluhe ethical and moral licent Tamils. Thiras the Tamil-Vedam ible of the Tamil
1993 a companion ural entitled “The f the Tamils' was world, in the true Mr. S. Sriskandaracing of the "Sacred kkural into English nveyed the beauty and clarity of the vity of words and ning which are the
characteristics of Kural are well de-; picted in his interpretation. Scholars: from the West have translated Kural; into English and other European languages; many of these are archaic in form and are not attractive to the scholars of the present age. His profound knowledge of Tamil and English has made it possible for a brief and crisp rendition of every one of the forty couplets he has chosen. His illustrative elucidation of this collection facilitates easy comprehension. The writing is couched in language that is extremely clear in style and meaning.
The book is a gift to those who do not know Tamil. The irony is that very many Tamils from Sri Lanka had been deprived of the legitimate right to stay in the motherland and pursue their education in Tamil and English. To this section of the population the publication of The Ethical Essence of the Tamils is welcome news. An introduction of a work that dwells on the ethical behaviour of the Tamils does remind us of our heritage.
Standards of ethics have changed and the "Stomach and Pocket View of Life,' as described by C.E.M. Joad dictates the present day values of the world. In this climate a peep into the ethical code of the Tamils seems to be a necessity. Kural 41 in chapter V, which is outside the text, on the subject of domestic life is cited here to illustrate the social virtue of the householder.
“Il Vazhvan Enpan I yalpudaya Moovarkum Nallatri Ninra Thunai.”
The ideal householder is one who sustains the youthful student (Bramchari), the dweller in the wilderness (Recluse), and the absolute ascetic (Sanyasin).
In relation to this Kural, by way of highlighting an apposite exposition, the writer is impelled to quote Oliver Goldsmith:
"I was ever of opinion, that the honest man who married and brought up a large family, did more service than he who continued single, and only talked of population.' Reference must need be made to the couplets under the captions: the need to be discreet and judicious; good conduct makes for excellence; restrain your tongue; don't backbite. An awareness of these precepts would pave the way for good and harmonious living.
A crying need, especially in the West, has been served by this work. The reading public will call for further companion books to Thirukkural from the author.
K. Jayaseelan.


Page 26
26 TAMIL TIMES
CLASSIFIED ADS
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Jaffna Hindu parents seek partner for computer professional son, 34, with Master's degree, permanent resident of United States. Send details. M 677 co Tamil Times
Jaffna Hindu seeks professionally qualified groom for her graduate sister, 32, Mars afflicted, in employment in London. Telephone 081-504 1163, U.K.
WEDDING BELS
We congratulate the following couple on their recent wedding.
Kanahendran son of the late Mr. N. Paramananthan and Mrs. P. Paramanantham of 98 1/7 Manning Apartment, Manning Place, Colombo 6 and Kalyani daughter of Mr. A. V. Jayaratnam and the late Mrs. S. Jayaratnam of P.O. Box 174, Gaborone, Botswana on 107.93 at St. Nicholas Church, Tooting, London SW17.
OBTUARIES
Dr. Vaithilingam Nadarajah (82), of Kayts, Sri Lanka attained Sivapatham on 28th July 1993. He was practising at Huiftsdorp, Colornbo from 1937 to 1977. His wife Gowri of Uyarapulam, Anaicoddai, Sri Lanka predeceased him in 1970. He is the brother of the late Mr. Velayuthampillai of Moor Road, Colombo 6 and Mrs. Parameswary Navaratnam of Montreal, Canada. He had been living at Colchester, Essex for the last five years with his son Dr. Sivananthan. Besides Dr. Sivananthan, he leaves behind daughters Mrs. Kalyani Sivakumaran, Mrs. Pathma Thangarasah, Mrs. Baleswary Yogendran (all of Harrow, U.K.) and son Ravikandan (Los Angeles,
USA); daughter-in-law, than, Sons-in-law Dr. S. asah and Yogend Mrs. Yogeswari Velay USA), brother-in-law M mer M.P. for Kayts) anc niya, Abiramee, Ramane tha. The cremation was Crematorium on 31.7.9
The members of the sincere thanks to al frie sent messages of sy assisted in the obsequ funeral. They regret th them individually - 17 T. Park, Colchester, Esse) 86f 740.
Mr. Selliah Velupillai, Government Service and tions, Sri Lanka; husban father of Balakumar (Los Premakumar (Ames, lo (Kenley, U.K.); brother (Sri Lanka), and late Na Commercial Company), don on 20th July 1993 at on 24.793. - Flat 7, No. Thornton Heath, Surrey.
Mr. Karthigesu Kanaga P.H. l., Sri Lanka, belove wary; loving father of Ma Dr. Sarojini Yogaratnam Kulendran, Raveendran Puvanendran (Canada Sugirtha, Dr. Yogaratr Gunas untharam, Pava Jayanthy, grandfathe Prashanthan, Sanjeev Niroosh un, Yalini, N Mayooran, Soruban, Ru Binduja; brother of Balas tion Master, C.G.R., Sri L in Kokuvil, Sri Lanka on Road, Twickenham, Mi O81-8922O84.
 
 
 
 
 

15 AUGUST 1993
Dr. Chandra Sivananvakumaran, Thangaran; sister-in-law ithampillai (Kansas, . V. Navaratnan (Forgrandchildren Sivape, Anjana and Jayanat the City of London 3.
family convey their nds and relatives who npathy and flowers, es and affended the eir inability to thank ne Glade, Welshwood CO4 3D. Tel: O2O6
formerly of Local Department of Elecd of Pearl Amirtham; Angeles, California), wa), Chandrakumar of Shanmuganathan galingam (Colombo passed away in Lonld funeral took place 652 London Road, Tel: O81 665 5069.
ratnam (79), Retired d husband of Maheshendran (Sri Lanka), , Rajendran, Rajini, (all of U.K.) and ); father-in-law of ann, Kamalini, Dr. larani, Rathy and er of Pradeepan, an, Dhamayanthy, Wimilan, Kavitha, ben, Prameela and ingam (Retired Staanka) passed away 5.8.93. - 17 Saville ddlesex, U.K. Tel:
IN MEMORAM
In loving memory of Mr. Apputhurai Gunanatnam of Point Pedro, Sri Lanka formerly Divisional Superintendent of Post Offices, Sri Lanka, on the third anniversary of his passing away on 28.8.90.
Sadly missed by his loving wife Rani; children Thirukumaran (Australia), Vasuki (Sri Lanka), Devaki (Australia), Sutharsan (U.K.) and Saratha Devi (Sri Lanka); daughter-inlaw Vasanthi, son-in-law Radhakrishnan; granddaughter Mayurica; sister and in-laws - 67B St. Ann's Road, London N15 6NJ. Tel: 081-802 56O1.
in fond memory of Mrs. Sinnathangam Suppiah (Retired Headmistress, Arunasalam Vidyasalai, Alaveddy, Sri Lanka) on the fifth anniversary of her passing away on 20.8.88. Sadly missed and lovingly remembered by her children Sivathasan and Sivarupavathy; daughter-in-law Sivadevi; son-in-law Sivasubramaniam and grandchildren Kuhan, Nirupa, Meera and Parathan - 303 Hempstead Road, Gillingham, Kent M373OJ
Mr. Mayilvaganam Velummayilum J.P., U.M., Attorney-at-law and former Chairman, Urban Council, Point Pedro, Sri Lanka passed away on 31.8.89 and the fourth anniversary of his demise falls on 31.8.93.
Sadly missed by his loving wife, children Thayanandarajah (UK), Nithiyanandarajah (New Zealand), Mayilvaganarajah (U.K.), Chitra, Anandarajah, Krishnarajah and Jayanthi (all of Sri Lanka) in-laws, relatives, friends and a host of grateful constituents - 59 Edgware Gardens, Edgware, Middx. HA8 8LL. U.K.


Page 27
15 AUGUST 1993
Mrs. Yogamany Kandiah departed on 2.991. Fondly remembered on the second anniversary of her passing away by her beloved husband; Children Chandrakumaran (Canada), Chandrakumary (Bury, U.K.), Chandrasekeran (Epsom, U.K.), Chandramalar, Chandrakanthi, Chandramohan (all of Canada), and Chandrakala (Australia) sonsin-law Raja sooriyar, Wignes waran, Sivasekaran and Pathmanandavel; daughters-in-law Usha, Shantini and Mirunalini; brother Yogarajah and several grand children - 49 Courtlands Drive, Ewell, Epsom, Surrey KT19 OHN, U.K.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
August 29 Violin Duet by Dr. Lakshmi and Aravind Jayan at 14 Willis Road, off Whitehorse Road, Croydon, Surrey. Aug. 30 9.00am to 8.00pm J.S.S.A. Cricket & Netball Festival at John Billiam Sports Grounds, Woodcock Hill, Kenton, Harrow, Middx. Tel: O81-39O 1491/952 7293/767 5769. September 26.00pm Lecture and Discussion on "Human Rights' at School of Oriental & African Studies. For details Tel: 071-2783990 (S. Wijesinghe). Sept. 3 Feast of St. Gregory, The Great. Sept. 3,47.00pm & Sept. 5 6.00pm Pastor D.G.S. Dhinakaran conducts Salvation and Healing Meetings in English & Tamil at Rainbow Theatre, Finsbury Park, London N4. Tel: O81-47O 4990/888 7766/366 0583 Sept. 4 5.00pm Bharatha Natya Arangetram of Menaka daughter of Mr. & Mrs. T. Sripathy of 29 Albomont Road, Winchester, Mass. 01890 at Winchester High School Auditorium, Skillings Road, Winchester, MaSS., USA.
Sept. 5 Chathurthi. Sept. 8 Feast of Birthday of Blessed Virgin Mary.
Sept. 12 Ekathasi. Sept. 13 Feast of St. Edward, The Confessor. Pirat) Osam. Sept. 14 Feast of the Exalted Holy Cross. Sept. 15 Feast of Our Lady of Sorrows. Anawasai Sept. 16 Lecture & Discussion on 'ls nonviolent struggle for change possible and desirable? Can violence be justified? At School of Oriental & African Studies. Tel: O71-2783990 (S. Wijesinghe). Sept. 18 Feast of St. Luke. Puradasi First Sani.
Sept. 19 Vinayaka Chathurthi. Sept. 25 Puradasi Second Sani.
Sept. 25 6.30pm Can Smit Renuka Shriana, High School Hall, E Middx., Tel: O812O58 Sept. 26 Ekathasi. 4 Congregation celebrate the founding of the Ch. Inuvil, Chunnakam at Methodist Church, Ki mith, London W6. Sept. 27 Feast of St. Sept. 28 Pirathosam.
Sept. 29 Feast of Arch fiel and Raphael. Sept. 30 Full Moon, 6 cussions on "Refugees Agreements'. Tel 07 jesinghe).
At the Bhawan Cen Road, London W14 3O8614608. Sept. 4 9.00am to 1 Seminar conducted by lyengar. Sept. 24 745pm Odiss hi and musicians from Sept. 25 7.00pm Bhare Jagannathan from lindi
Tamil Develop issues Booklet
Tamil Development Ne issued a booklet in Nor gian Assistance to Reh the Tamil Homelands distributed copies of th ernment Departments, bers of Parliament, NG Those interested in version are requested velopment Network of bugt. 2, 9008 Tromso, 4783 10344.
Girija Preser
The Bharatha Natya A. Nalini Selvarajasingam The Ashcroft Theatre, ( the tutelage of the an Mrs. Girija VarothayaS a performing artiste.
it was pleasant to no arrangements made a details like receiving th The programme was e well worth noting that a Could be made in Sri Lé repertoire entirely cons which is a healthy sign parentage are encoura
 
 
 

atic Vocal Recital by Ida at the Wembley ast Lane, Wembley, 214.
00pm London Tamil s 54th Anniversary of istha Seva Ashram in service at RiverCourt g Street, Hammers
incent de Paul
angels Michael, Gab
00pm Lecture & Dis- Definition, Trends & 1-278 3990 (S. Wi
tre, 4A Castletown 9HQ. Tel: O71 381
.00pm lyengar Yoga Yogacharya Sri B.K.S.
i by Sanjukta PanigraIndia.
tnatyam by Anuradha .
ment NetWOrk in Norwegian twork of Norway has wegian titled "Norwelabilitate and Develop in Sri Lanka. It has le publication to GovPolitical parties, Mem'Os and others.
getting the English fo Contact anni DeNorway, Sondre TollNorway. Tel: inti. Code
htS RebeCCa y ,
rangetram of Rebecca
was held on 1.8.93 at roydon. Rebecca had under her able guru
ingham, who is herself
le the excellent theatre ind the Care taken to e guests and invitees. ye catching and it was product of this quality inka. Rebecca's debut isted of items in Tamil, that Children of Tamil ged the propagation of
TAMIL TIMES 27
their mother tongue. Two items of dance were noteworthy. The Patham 'Enke pokirai maane' was christian based composed by The Rev. S. Wesley Ariarajah and music by Tanjore S. Kalyanaraman and Shrimathi Bhushany Kalyanaraman is a new evolution which enriches Tamil Culture. The second item was the Niruthia Vaadhia Virunthu, based entirely on percussion instruments and footwork. This new concept of choreography - by Girija and Jathees composed by Soma-.. Sundara Desigar and beautifully executed by Rebecca was appreciated by audience. The Chief Guest, Dr. John Marr and the special guest Mrs. Pushala Gopal referred to this item in their speeches.
The Vazhuvoor style of dance was seen throughout the entire performance. It allows the individual dancer to have a broad outlook of performing the art of Bharatha Natyam, This outlook was appreciable in Rebecca's performance which is also the guru's achievement in passing on the great Vazhuvoor tradition.
The supporting artistes consisting of Vocal: Shri Sonmasundara Desigar, Mirudangam: Shri Paramasamy Kirubakaran, Veena: Smt Sivatharini Sahathevan, Flute. Shri Selvanayagam Thayaparan and Morsing: Shri K. Sithamparanathan contributed towards the success of the performance.
數 Dr. Ratnam Niththyananthan.
Thiagarajan's Thenisai
S.C.O.T.s Charity Concert on 27 June at the Convey Hall provided a feast of opportunity for London's Karnatic Cognoscenti to listen to OS. Thiagarajan's first concert in London. Endowed with an innate gift of a resonant voice which combines majesty and melody with astonishing felicity, Thiagarajan kept the "House-Full'audience enthralled by his soulfull music ard his total ir VOvernment.
Starting the concert with Bairawi Ata Tala Varnam, he rendered Periasamy Thooran's invocatory piece in Raga Saranga Gananathane'. A neat elaboration of Raga Sriranjani was followed by Kovai Subri's song 'Petridalam Maname'. The Swaraprasthara was well structured and brought out the artiste's perfect grip on the Tala. One of Saint Thyagaraja's "Divya Nama' compositions, 'Dasarada Nandana' was then introduced, adding variety to the concert,
The artiste's talents fully flourished in the next item. The Kalyani Raga Alapana brought out the far-reaching ramifications of the Raga and "Virana Brova' of Tharangambadi Panchanathayyar in Adi Tisram was chastely rendered, with the Neraval and the Swaraprasthara crisp and well-proportioned. Then followed a brisk rendering of Harikesanalur Muthiah Bhagavathar's piece 'Vijayambike' in Raga Vijayanagari. Both the core and the peripheries of the Thodi Raga were thereafter comprehensively explored, followed by Thanam and a masterly exposition of Pallavi in Tala Adi. The programme concluded with Saint Thyagaraja's "Vinayaguni" in Raga Madhyamavathi and Mangalam.
M. Manjunath's accompaniment on the violin was distinguished and R. Ramesh's Thani Avarthanam produced a magical effect, with superb fireworks of guru Karaikudi Mani
Continued on page 28


Page 28
28 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 27
Brand, The Thampura support was provided by Shamini Thiruchelvam.
At the end of the Concert, when I went to the dais to congratulate Thiagarajan, his humble response was that he was a small figure in the world of Karnatic music. Small may be, but one with a big future indeed!
P.P. Kantham.
Dharshini's Arangetram
The Arangetram of Dharshini, daughter of Karuna and Kirupa Gandhi of South Harrow, U.K. held at Gade Theatre, Rickmansworth, Herts., was a very successful debut. The young dancer has learnt the art of Bharatha Natyam thoroughly from her able guru Dr. (Mrs.) Kanchana Shivalingam.
The Arangetram was studded with unusual items of dance which made the evening a great treat. The selection of such pieces gives
credit to Dharshini's guru. The first three
items, Nritya Aradhana, Jathiswaram and Nandhi Chol were pure dance forms. Nandhi Chol in Ragam Vasantha was a full dance dedication to Him.
Dharshini's Varnam and two Pathams brought out her facial expressions. The Patham "Then Paadum' on Murugan of Kathirgamam and the Ragamalikai Virtuham on the birth of Jesus Christ were compositions by Ambika Thamotheram, the mother of Dharshini's guru Kanchana.
The Keerthanan 'aadukinrar' in Maandu Ragam and the Thillana in Behag were excellent pieces. It is commendable that all the dance items were in Tamil.
The chief guest Padmasri Chitra Visweswaran who complimented on the care that had been taken on the minutest details of the programme was pleased that the dancer had been solely trained in the United Kingdom to such a high standard.
The Arangetram started on time and kept the audience spellbound by fast rhythmic
pieces till the very end. guru, Kanchana, and the artistes, Ambika Thanot ni Shankar: Mirdangam mar: Violin, Dr. T. Nin Silvaraja: Tabla & Mo Logeswaran; Tambura f formance.
Janadhar
Kalabhavanan
VOCat
Kalabhavanam Fine Arts child prodigy Padma Ra at their monthly program July last at 14 Willis Road who is a native of Mai London with her parents gift in singing classical tions with ease and strict tala. Her rare nodulation admired by the audienc young Padma who is a Ca undergoing scientific stuc VidWan Sivasakthi Sivat atiya Vidyabhavan.
Flute Duet
in their scheme of pron Cians around London K. duced two young flutists daram and Prayanth A appreciative audience of Willis Road auditorium. R, are disciples of Rudrani : known artiste Who plays o! and wind instruments ex musicians played Some ( Compositions without any the same time winning th audience. Such exposur ledgeable audience is an the training of music Stu support was given by the Somasundara Desikar w Vocalist as well. Kalabhav position to attract the falents.
The Billy Graha Wisits Lo
Pastor D.G.S. Dhinaka Evangelist and known as India is coming to Londor and healing meetings in 7 the Rainbow Theatre, F. tion of Seven Sisters Road N4. Pastor Dhinakaran of up to 300,000 in India. miraculous healings and through the power of GoC
Admission free and all
For details telephone: 7766/366 0583.
Bishop-Elect Dr. S. Jebanesa
The Consecration of Bishc on 28th May 1993 in
Cathedral of Jaffna is of and significance not only t war-torn people of Jaffna Tamils here in Melbourne,
 

15 AUGUST 1993
Il credit goes to the Jalaxy of supporting eram: Vocal, BavaKalaivani lindrakualraj: Flute, Muthu ing and Kalainithi r the excellent per
in, Sunrise Radio.
Programs
Centre introduced a nadas, 9-years-old, me of music on 4th auditorium. Padma urai, now living in displayed her rare Гуаgarajа сотposiadherence to Sruthi s and trenolo were e. We understand refree singer is now y under Sangeetha esan at the Bihar
loting young musialabhavanan introRanjith Kanagasunlagaratnam to an 1 25th July at the anjith and Prayanth 3alakrishnan a well na number of string pertly. The young lassical Tyagaraja
noticeable flaw at 2 admiration of the 2 before a knowimportant aspect in dents. Mridangam Well known artiste no is fully fledged anam is in a happy }ream of musical
im Of India mdon
ran, lnternational he Billy Graham of for three Salvation amil and English at isbury Park, Juncand isledon Road, 2n draws crowds of
Many experience answers to prayer
re Welcome. O81-47O 4990/888
the ReV. n of Jaffna
o-elect JebaneSar? the Vaddukoddai special joy, pride, his family and the but for the many in Australia and in
the Tamil diaspora that now spans some 40 Countries or so.
Many of us remember Bishop Jebanesan as the quiet one in the very articulate family of Rev. N. Subramanian and Chavakachcher's Kanaga Acca, a mother of great beauty, charm, vivacity and hospitality. Most of us have happy memories of Jebanesan as a good friend, churchman, modern-day apostle, scholar, an administrator with Consummate communication skills, as a teacher and principal of Jaffna College, the Peninsula's oldest and finest educational institution. A truly courageous man, Jebanesan, among other brave professional men and women, elected to give up safety and security for himself, his wife and children and stay behind to help teach and nurture the 800,000 refugees trapped in the peninsula.
Even his doctoral thesis is indicative of this remarkable man - not another thesis on 'Science and Religion' or 'God and the Universe' etc., but on "The Batticota Seminary, one of the corner-stones of Jaffna's intellect and civilisation. This Seminary at Batticota (Tamil Vaddukkoddai' for round fort) was founded in 1822 and is perhaps the oldest University College in the East and Far East. lts pioneering and far-sighted American Missionaries, Rev. Dr. Daniel Poor and Rev. Dr. Richard Hoisington preached and published in classical Tamil. They taught and inspired the outstanding C. W. Thamotherampillai, Carol Viswanathan, J.R. Arnold Sathasivampilai, William Nevins Sithamparapilai Wyman Kathiravellupillai and Evarts Kanagasabaipillai.
Together they began an intellectual ferment in Jaffna. They printed and produced an abundance of the 2500 year old Tamil grammar and literature; Christian literature, hymns and lyrics in Tamil; brought about the monumental English - Tamil dictionary by Winslow (American Missionary/Scholar); established the Christian English-Tamil Christian Weekly "The Morning Star' that continues to this day. The seminary helped to mould generations of intellectual giants whose decendants are members of Melbourne's Christian Fellowship, in Australia and all over the world.
Dr. Jebanesan's latest research gives us who have been displaced since July 1983 a sense of history, identity and solidarity for which we are truly grateful. On all our behalf we send him, his wife, children, father, brothers Sugunananthan, Manopavan, Sukumar and sister Shanta Jeganathan our congratulations, felicitations, blessings and prayers for his Consecration and for the coming years,
Professor {..., Rainee Eliezer.
Private Tuition Pure/Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Physics O/A Level, Homes visited.
Te: O81-8643227
Vacancy-Karnatic Music Teacher Religious Association in London requires for employment persons qualified to teach Vocal and Instrumental Karnatic Music. Minimum qualification Sangeetha Vidwan or similar grade. M 61 c/o Tamil Times.


Page 29
15 AUGUST 1993
Continued from page 5
tion of the status of women would do much to contain the population explosion and eventually normalize popula
tion growth. Children would greatly
benefit from better health care and education made possible by the peace dividend.
Rapid economic development in all areas of the country is essential to promote the political and social rights of all Sri Lankans.
A return to order and tranquility will attract foreign attention to Sri Lanka. On the international capital markets, the country's requirements are relatively modest. What Sri Lanka urgently needs is a climate of political and economic stability to attract foreign investment. The World Council also encourages the international com
munity to provide ge in the transition fro: peacetime economy.
The long-term inte try require that Sri adopt a policy of sus ment as recommend Nations. Pursuing e ment without causi gical effects requires cient use of the cou
SOUlloC8S.
Regional Autor Federal S
Many countries under federal forms o Lanka would do w principles of federa unique needs. The a ple in the North an
Continued from page 19
justice for her people. But by going on
a fast suddenly, without even consulting her cabinet colleagues, sensationalising the issue and evoking chauvinist sentiments among Kannadigas, she has only further complicated the matter.
With her fast entering the fourth day, people started believing that perhaps she was serious about her demands. There was tension in the two states and AIADMK men ran amok destroying public properties. Life came to a standstill in Tamil Nadu and Union Irrigation Minister V.C. Shukla rushed to the fasting site, near the MGR memorial, to talk her out of the fast.
Then as suddenly as she had launched her fast she wound it up on the fourth day, July 21. All that she got in the bargain was a promise from the Centre to set up two committees, one for the implementation of the award of the Tribunal and another for monitor
ing the flow of wa When Karnataka rel award itself where i implementing it? Al already enough mec the water flow, whi the new committee how does all this help the crops in the delta
Now Karnataka against the committ there is no water to against the Con confidence motion in and releasing to the worded letter she wi Minister, Jayalalitha acerbated the mattel
Well her party is p video-shows of her fa Palani by-elections s gust 19. It all boils di A political gimmick t in her popularity, be tion, maladministral Whether she will suc tives remains to be s
O DMK Internal Squab
Meantime, the DMK, tipped to comeback to power thanks to the severing of the alliance between the Cong- and the AIADMIK and the wayward actions of Ms. Jayalalitha, is being wracked by internal squabbles. In a surprise move the high command, (read Mr. M. Karunanidhi,) has expelled deputy general secretary and senior leader Nanjil K. Manoharan and also sought to sideline the rising star V. Gopalaswamy, and his supporters in the southern districts. Vai. Go, as the latter is popularly known, is gifted with fiery oratorical skills and is lionised by thousands of DMK cadres
who believe that he is the right person
to lead the party af nidhi disappears fron the DMK president
Maran seem to have so subtle moves are M. K. Stalin, Karunar next leader and put
lace'. place Only because
objected to this unde he had to go. So a leaders of Madurai foul of another of Ka Azhagiri, are also bei shrift. Though for DMK president denie oting his own clan.

| AML TIMES 29
herous aid to help n a wartime to a
rests of the counLanka vigorously Eainable develop:d by the United conomic developg adverse ecoloprudent and effintry's scarce re
omy Under ystem
have prospered f government. Sri ell to apply the lism to suit its spirations of peod East can to a
ter in Cauvery. uses to accept the s the question of hd when there is hanism to gauge at purpose would serve? Anyway take the water to
has set its face ee too. Still says spare. By voting
g-I in the no-, in the Lok Sabha .
press a strongly rote to the Prime a has further ex
S. lanning to screen st in Ranipet and scheduled for Auown to that then. o arrest the slide 2cause of corruption and so on. ceed in her objecee.
ble
ter Mr. Karunan the scene. But and his nephew other plans. Not
afoot to project hidhi’s son, as the t Vai. Go ‘in his
Mr. Manoharan mocratic process lso senior party who have fallen runanidhi's sons, ing given a short the records the s that he is prom
large extent be satisfied by granting them some form of regional autonomy. The terms of a federal union can be negotiated to include regional autonomy in such areas as land use, education and culture.
Federalism lends itself as a flexible system wherein provisions can be enshrined in the constitution to safeguard the interests of the Sinhalese majority, while protecting the interests of the Tamil and Muslim minorities. All provinces could receive some measure of autonomy.
Conclusion
It is well-known that Sri Lanka is a tropical island of great beauty. Its richness of culture and the warmth of its people have charmed visitors the world over.
Whatever their cultural differences, all Sri Lankans are bound together by their common humanity. While respecting the religious and cultural identity of each group, it is important to recognize the wide mutuality of their interests and the ties that bind them economically.
The World Council for Global Cooperation appeals to the Government of Sri Lanka, the LTTE, all other political groups, members of the clergy
of all religions, and all people of goodwill to support a plan to achieve peace
and prosperity throughout the nation.
Continued from page 9
al gadgetry advertised on TV. Isn't that unfair by the poor as well. “We will look into that. We have asked even the private channels to have advisory boards to help them.'
And what about this ban on X' rated films? 'I never banned them. That's how the media has interpreted it. I was told by the film industry that some cinemas only screen 'X' rated films. None of the local films have access to these cinemas. That is what I am trying to change.'
"Cinema is an art form. A creative work in whatever medium it comes out must embody a meaningful vision of life. Why should I impose a ban on such works? Would you consider various corrupt, lewd films as works of art?
Lokubandara has worked out guidelines for the media. "It's function is to inform and educate. Of course Lokubandara wants it done responsibly.
He is articulate in English as he is in Sinhala, but it is in Sinhala that he talks to you. After all English is an alien tongue. And he would be the last man to prefer it to Sinhala.


Page 30
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