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Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa.
 

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15 MAY 1994
I do not agree with a word of what you say, but I'll defend to the death your 妻。 right to say it.' s
– Voltaire,
ISSN 0266-4488
Vol.XIll No.5 15 MAY 1994
Published by
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CONTENTS
News Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Epic Venture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 People and Politics. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Govt’s Counter insurgency Programme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 The Tamils in Diaspora. . . . . . . . . 11 Abuse of Executive Presidential Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Did Jesus Live in India. . . . . . . . . . 16
Sub-Continental Scene. . . . . . . . . 18 Furore Over GATT. . . . . . . . . . . . 23
BJP Put in Fix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Gopalasamy Steals a March on DMK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Assembly Adopts Extension Of LT TE Ban. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Book Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Watching the mot last month and the ly delightful expe decency.
Never in humar much oppression System that came bitterness, the kill poverty, the wor apartheid from t anaZenent and V Oppressive syste! system.
it goes without Congress played The ANC was nC understood. It is in fO Certain identifia tO nObilise a VaS representative Ch recognition it did.
A person who w a Century, if he wa full of feelings of h putting him in pris four years ago, co embodiment of CC He brought to bea CapaCity to make President F.W. de parties.
Even as the ele Inkatha and the Al AWB wreaking ha of his way to acco, amendiments enS/ the last obstacle because he was Without violence a democratic will o Mandela had trav Mandela's Com, including those o declared that he w majority needed to have felt insecul Mandela has app many ministers fr And even in Vi speech, he dec generations. But i the most importan filled with deep p Country. You have Country as youro Free At Last Ista love for all of you Today, Mandel: a politician, a Sta greatest that hum
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 3
FREE AT LAST
entous events that unfolded in South Africa at the end of beginning of this, was a deeply moving and extraordinariience to anyone committed to democracy and human
history have so many people been subjected so long to so and deprivation in the land of their own birth by an evil to be known as apartheid. After all those years of the ngs, the violence, the lives lost and wasted in prison and d witnessed the final denouement and exorcising of 'e body politic of South Africa. The world watched in 'ith joy the peaceful transformation of the country from an n to a multi-party, multi-racial, pluralist and democratic
saying that Nelson Mandela and the African National a glorious and unforgettable role in these developments. t and is not a political party in the sense it is generally ore or less a coalition of several organisations committed ble fundamental aims. In that position, the ANC was able f spectrum of opinion within its fold. It is the broad and aracter of the ANC which enabled it to obtain the
as put in prison in solitary confinement for over quarter of s a normal human being, would have been expected to be atred and revenge against those who were responsible for ion. But Mandela, from the day he stepped out of prison inducted himself as no ordinary human being. He was the onfidence, courage, tolerance, humility, and compassion. r a rare Sense of fairplay and justice and an inexhaustible compromises through the years of negotiations with Klerk, his National Party Government and other political
actions were fast approaching and the violence between VC was reaching a crescendo, with white extremists of the voc planting bombs everywhere, Nelson Mandela went out mmodate the Zulu King by agreeing to enact constitutional rining the special place for the King. He thereby enabled for Inkatha to enter the electoral process. This he did COmmitted at all COSt to ensure a free and fair election nd a peaceful transfer of power through the exercise of the f the people. This he achieved, and from state prison arsed the peaceful path to become State President. mitment to pluralism and the guarantee of minority rights, f the white population, was much in evidence when he as SO relieved that the ANC had not obtained the two-third amend the Constitution, for if it had the minorities would e. As a practical demonstration of this commitment, pinted to the cabinet of the Government of National Unity om the minority parties. ctory, Mandela was a man of the people. In his victory ared, 'South Africa's heroes are legend across the is you, the people, who are our true heroes. This is one of t moments in the life of the country. I stand here before you ide and joy, pride in the ordinary humble people of this shown such a calm, patient determination to reclaim this wn; and joy that we can loudly proclaim from the rooftops - ld before you humbled by your courage, with a heart full of
stands erect like a colossus of stupendous proportions - esman and a leader of people being counted among the an history has produced.

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4 TAMIL TIMES
NEWS REVIEW
r ASSASSINATION OF
SABALINGAMIN PARIS CONDEMNED
Sabaratnam Sabalingam, a Tamil of Sri Lankan origin who has been living with his family in Paris for the last several years, was shot at point-blank range and killed in the presence of his wife and child in their own home by two gunmen, known to be Tamils, on 1 May 1994. Sabalingam's assassination, believed to be politically motivated, has been widely condemned by many expatriate Tamil organisations and individuals.
No one has claimed responsibility for the killing, nor has anyone been apprehended by the French authorities. Some have rushed to attribute the killing to the Tamil Tigers, but their international spokesman, Mr. Lawrence Thilakar, himself residing in Paris, denied the allegations.
According to the victim's widow, Sabalingam's assassins had gained entry into his residence under false pretences - having telephoned him and seeking his assistance and an appointment to discuss some of their personal problems. The gunmen arrived at about 2.30 pm on 1 May 1994, rang the door bell, and the unsuspecting family members allowed them into the house. The two who arrived were Tamils and spoke Tamil. Within two minutes of their arrival, one of them pulled out a gun and shot at Sabalingam several times - one bullet pierced through his forehead killing him almost instantly. The two killers wrenched off the telephone wires, threatened the terrorstricken family members not to shout and escaped.
Born on 14 January 1952 in Velanani in the Jaffna peninsula in northern Sri Lanka, Sabalingam had been a pioneer of the Tamil liberation struggle. He spent some three years in Sri Lankan jails for his active participation in the 1970s in struggles against State repression of Tamils. He came to France in 1981 to avoid further persecution. He was a well known writer, publisher of Tamil literary works, human rights activist and a documentalist, besides working in an organisation assisting Tamil refugees with their problems.
A founder of the publishing institution, ASIA, Sabalingam was responsible for the publication, among others, of works of contemporary Tamil poets like V.I.S. Jeyapalan, Cheran, Arunthathy, Selvam and Cholaikili, the re-publicationo of "The History of the Muslims of Puttalam”, “Puthiyathor
Ulagam', 'Yalapa Eluding Peace’ c Taraki in the "Emergency 58' c the anti-Tamil ri Vittacvhi. He ha ble for translatio the reports by the for Human Rig time of his mu reported to have with another Tar a project of writi Tamil liberation
Condemning Sabalingam, the ing Committee ol ple (SCOT) in a its General Cour "While there h cally motivated a Tamils in somé Sabalingam’s br the first one of its premeditated mu western country tions have occur Sri Lanka and l but the killing ( comparative safe al sets a new and represents a s threatening the living in Europea to exercise theil expression.
"We condemn t less assassination act of unmitigate standards. If his not only to phys but also to stifl expatriate Tamr trend is to be co to the larger int Tamils living ab) of such acts will resolve of Euro pursue a policy ol Tamil refugees and to refuse to We appeal to allt name of humani the larger intere munity to desis similar acts of vi
Many foreigntions and humar organisations, (Switzerland), S. anai, Theni, The Asian Solidarity Culture Media Suvadugal and Thedal, Kaalam тапат, Thayag Kural, Tamil Lankans for Hui paign for Dem (Canada), Thaa

15 MAY 1994
na Vaipava Maalai”, ontaining articles by Sunday Island, and intaining the story of its of 1958 by Tarzie also been responsih and distribution of University Teachers its (Jaffna). At the der, Sabalingam is been, in collaboration il writer, involved in ng the history of the struggle. he assassination of London-based StandTamil Speaking Peostatement adopted by cil said: ave been many politicts of violence among western countries, utal assassination is type - a well planned Lrder carried out in a . Acts of assassinared among Tamils in ndia over the years, of Sabalingam in the ty of a western capitdangerous trend, and inister development safety of all Tamils un countries who wish basic right to free
he callous and senseof Sabalingam as an ed lawlessness by any murder was intended ically eliminate him, e dissent within the il community, this ndemned as contrary (erest and welfare of oad. The commission only strengthen the pean governments to seeking to repatriate and asylum seekers, admit new arrivals. hose concerned in the y, human rights and st of the Tamil comt from indulging in olence'. based Tamil publicarights and solidarity ncluding Manitham mar (France), Sinthondil, Oothaa, South Committee and InterPoint (Germany), Sumaigal (Norway), . Nangaawathu Pariат, Vishipри, Kiriya Cesource Centre, Sri van Rights and Camcracy in Sri Lanka ham and Eelapoomi
(UK) have condemned the assassination of Sabalingam.
Their statement said that the killing of Sabalingam in Europe is a 'cause for alarm and more significantly, destroys the credibility of the liberation struggle in the international forum. To place the personal growth and authority of any one militant movement over the liberation struggle poses a real threat to the sovereignty of the Tamil people. Such actions must be strongly condemned as well as rejected. Sabalingam, like Rajani Thiranagama, is yet another victim in the long line of Tamil intellectuals who have been killed for linking human rights and the liberation struggle. In both cases, the universal recognition these independent activists were accorded for their self-sacrifice and commitment to the cause, lent them credibility which posed a threat to their killers.
It is imperative that we universally condemn such killings which are an attempt to suppress the voice of freedom and together, challenge the killers in order to prevent more senseless deaths. Those who believe that dissenting voices can be silenced with guns are indeed blind to history. The greatest eulogy we can deliver to Sabalingam is to continue to work for human rights and liberation'.
DAUGHTER SEEKSPROBE INTO FATHERS MURDER
The members of late President Premadasa's family are aggrieved that the investigation into his assassination on 1 May last year have not been conducted properly and with the required expedition. Having complained to the newly appointed General Secretary of the governing UNP, Dr. Gamini Wijesekera, the daughter of the late President, Ms. Dulanjali Jayakody has despatched a letter to President Wijetunga calling for a Commission of Inquiry to probe the assassination.
In her letter Ms. Jayakody states that she had gathered from newspapers that most of the suspects arrested in connection with the assassination had been released without charge. She adds, "One year has passed since the demise of my father who was much loved and admired by the people of Sri Lanka for the great services rendered. I regret to observe that lack of interest and seriousness shown by the authorities concerned to carry out proper investigations into his assassination.
"From what I have been able to gather, the investigations have been carried out in a haphazard manner unworthy of a leader whose loss to the

Page 5
15 MAY 1994
country is now greatly felt by the people.
“As your Excellency who was chosen by my father to be the Prime Minister would know my late beloved father as President took great pains instituting thorough investigations whenever there has been allegations of impropriety with regard to the death of leading personalities, either appointing commissions of inquiry or getting foreign experts to investigate.
It saddens me to realise as his daughter that the same respect and concern had not been shown with regard to the death of President Premadasa.”
dr TULF CAMPAIGN
The Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), which has been operating from Colombo up to now, has begun a campaign of reorganisation of the party. As a first step the leaders of the Front, including its President Mr. M. Sivasithamparam and its General Secretary R. Sampanthan, visited Trincomalee in the east of Sri Lanka with a view to reactivating the party branch there and win support among the people.
The Front was badly shaken by the assassination in Colombo of its leaders in July 1989, and its remaining leaders had not thereafter visited the Tamil areas since for security reasons. During their three day stay in Trincomalee, they met several people, visited refugee camps and held a largely attended seminar on the Ethnic Conflict and the TULF Stand' which was chaired by Mr. Sivasithamparam. A former Member of Parliament, Mr. A. Thankathurai traced the history of the ethnic conflict from the time of the Donoughmore Commission to 1977. He also dealt with the long and hard struggle by the Tamil leaders, past and present to defend the rights of the Tamil speaking people since 1948. He said that the problem was created by the Sinhala leaders who failed to keep their promises, and had they accepted the federal solution suggested by the Federal Party under the late Mr. S.J.V. Chelvanayakam, the country's problems could have been averted and the destruction and deaths of tens of thousands could have been avoided.
The former MP for Trincomalee, Mr. R. Sampathan spoke at length about the role that the TULF and its leaders had played in obtaining Indian support for the Tamil cause, and in bringing about the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord of July 1987.
Dr. Neelan Thiruchelvam said unbike the Tamils living in Malaysia dispersed all over the country, the
Tamil speaking pe occupied a definit living in Malaysia
as a minority con occupy a certain d Sri Lanka, they mu nation, although t minority in numer a minority people w being treated with { nation should enjoy power. Such sharin could be achieved
system granting th nistration in the re
Mr. Sivasithan length and said tl prepared to join oth lim parties to solve and win the righ speaking people. Muslims constitute the Tamil speakin wrong done to ther as soon as possibl spoke included M ment Mr. Mawai Mr. Joseph Pararaj
As a next step campaign, the TU Vavuniya.
A THE SOU W
The Western Provi Mrs. Chandrika Ku a symposium held nised by the Law
that Sri Lanka co from examples set and F.W. de Klerk i to the island's ethn
Mrs. Kumarana Mandela and de K in such a short peric will and commitme solution could be problem based on racial bigotry. Deve Africa were one of ences of what huma mitment could do ta less situation of cor
Paying a glowi 75-year-old ANC le the negotiating pro ing the last minute ceded by the ANC Chandrika said, "Th said that South Afr and blacks were th ANC did not do so, a equality and brot and whites.
"Political leaders, lities and other deci rise above petty dif in terms of natio

TAM TIMES 5
ople of Sri Lanka * territory. Tamils could be described munity, but they 2finable area as in st be regarded as a hey might be in a cal terms. Though ould be satisfied by 'quality, a minority a share of political g of political power through a federal le powers of admigion. param spoke at hat the Front was er Tamil and Musthe ethnic problem its for the Tamil He said that the d a component of g people and the n must be rectified e. The others who embers of ParliaSenathirajah and |asingham.
in its reactivation LF hopes to visit
TH AFRICAN ΑΥ
nce Chief Minister, maranatunga, told in Colombo orgaand Society Trust uld learn a lesson by Nelson Mandela n finding a solution ic conflict.
tunka said that lerk demonstrated bd with the political nt that a peaceful found even to a three-centuries of lopments in South the moving experian effort with com) overcome a hopeflict.
ng tribute to the ader's handling of cess, and describcompromises conas path-breaking, e ANC could have ica was their land, majority. But the nd emphasised the erhood of blacks
religious personaion makers should erences and think hal harmony and
national unity with respect for each other's equal right to live with dignity'.
Ar RADHIKATO REPORT ON WOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
The Chairman of the U.N. Human Rights Commission (UNHRC) Ambassador Peter P. Van Wulfften Palthe, has appointed Radhika Coomaraswamy as the Special Rapporteur on 'Violence Against Women' for a period of three years. The appointment was in pursuance of a Resolution adopted without vote at the Fiftieth Session of the U.N. Human Rights Commission concluded recently in Geneva on the elimination of violence against women.
This Resolution followed the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of the World Conference which called for the elimination of gender-based violence and all forms of sexual harassment and exploitation. The appointment of a Special Rapporteur has been widely regarded as a milestone in the 'struggle' for the universal application of human rights to all women'.
The mandate of the Special Rapporteur requires her to report on an annual basis to the U.N. Human Rights Commission on violence against women including its causes and consequences. She will be required to seek and receive information from governments, inter-governmental bodies and women's organisations on violence against women, and to respond effectively to such information. She will also be required to undertake missions either separately or with other special rapporteur and working groups. She will be required to recommend measures at the international, regional and national level to eliminate violence against women, its causes and to remedy its consequences.
The Secretary General has been requested to provide the Special Rapporteur with the staff and resources required to perform all her mandated functions, and to further ensure that her reports are brought to the attention of the Commission on the Status of Women.
Radhika Coomaraswamy is the Director of the International Centre for Ethnic Studies based in Sri Lanka. She was educated at Yale College, Columbia Law School and Harvard Law School. She is a lawyer and social scientist of international standing and has had many years of experience in addressing the human rights of women. She is the author of numerous articles and reports on gender equal
Continued on page 6

Page 6
6 TAMIL TIMES
Epic Venture Hindi Serial Based on Silappadik
Manimekalai
Its main aim is to recapture the audience for Doordarshan. But more than that Upasana, a 22-episode Hindi serial scheduled for telecast from mid-March, hopes to familiarise viewers across the country with Silappadikaram and Manimekalai, the Tamil epics which have been translated into all the major languages of the world.
Originally conceived by Dr. Ma Po Sivagnanam, an expert on ancient Tamil classics, the serial was okayed by DD after Krishnaswamy entered the scene. "Getting the project commissioned by Doordarshan had some advantages. The main one was that I had a budget and was given an advance, says he.
However, Doordarshan's budget was hardly sufficient for such a grand venture. "But I took it as a challenge, says Krishnaswamy. He says that the result has been gratifying. "We could save a lot on cost because we have most of the infrastructure necessary for the production of a mega serial, such as the Betacam facility, a large studio and digital effects.”
Krishnaswamy himself has written the screenplay, which integrates Silappadikaram and Manimekalai. "I have always been fascinated by Silappadikaram. But there were some questions raised in it which are answered in Manimekalai. So I felt the need to treat them as a whole. he says.
Continued from page 5
ity, gender-based violence, women and religion, and international human rights issues.
She is the author of Sri Lanka, The Crisis of the Anglo-American Legal Tradition in a Developing Country (1983) and has co-edited The Ethical Dilemmas of Development in Asia (1980). The Judiciary in Plural Societies (1986) and An Introduction to Social Science (1994).
She was a member of the Presidential Commission on Youth and Member of the Sri Lanka National Commission on Women. She is also a JointSecretary of the Nadesan Centre on Human Rights, and a member of the Civil Rights Movement. She is also a steering Committee member of the Asia Pacific Forum for Women Law and Development.
Silappadikaran Kannaki and Ko fect marriage tu entrance of Mad Kovalan has a Madhavi, and th child, Manimekal realises his folly Kannaki. But the lived because Ko fall guy in a the Madurai orders h naki gets so ang that it sets the wil fire. The story the ekalai; and the la the renunciation Madhavi and Mal
Krishnaswamy recreate the seco) phere. Upasana tions near Mysor Mamalapuram, highlight of the s effects, which was naswamy himsel than 18 hours a effects. It did na because it was do says he. Shootir 1991, and Krishn the 22 episodes to
Veteran writer nathan has pen with some help nam. It was trans Radha Janardha points out that high pont of Upa to recreate the n century because on the Vedas. E has used classic effect, says he. T have been penne who wrote the h number for the and have been singers S.P. Bala Chitra.
"I threw the ne play the roles Madhavi. But Manimekalai I c at artistes from Krishnaswamy. the hero of the velopment Corp das, plays Koval har, model and ". role of Madhav the failed sex b

15 MAY 1994
raт апа
is the story of alan, whose perhis sour with the avi, a courtesan. elationship with couple beget a i. Later, Kovalan nd reunites with reunion is shortalan is made the , and the king of s execution. Kany at the injustice ole of Madurai on n shifts to Manimter episodes show of the world by imekalai. has taken pains to ld century atmoswas shot at locae, Bangalore and lear Madras. The 2rial is the special created by Krishf, "I spent more day perfecting the pt cost me much one in my studio, ng commenced in aswamy delivered DD in January.
Valampuri Somaned the dialogue rom Dr. Sivagnalated into Hindi by n. Krishnaswamy music is another sana. “It is difficult usic of the second most of it is based ut Shyam Joseph al music to good he serial's 18 songs l by Maya Govind, awdy gutur gutur Hindi film Dalaal, sung by playback subramaniam and
wide for artistes to of Kovalan and or Kannaki and cided to look only south India,' says Veerendra Singh, National Film Deration film Tulsin and Navnit PariV actress, dons the Moon Moon Sen, mb of Hindi films,
appears briefly as a Gandharva princes, al prim and propah.
For the other female leads, Krishnaswamy did not have to look further than his ovn household. His younger daughter Gita plays Kannaki and his elder daughter Lata essays Manimekalai.
Krishnaswamy, who has been in shoubusiness for the last 30 years and had produced Indus Valley to Indira Gandhi in the seventies, says that the latter part of the serial has "more elements of the fairy tale and the fable'. One can feel the change in wavelength from Silappadikaram to Manimekalai. I have tried to maintain a balance between their diversity.' The artistes, he says, did not have much difficulty with Hindi. Veerendra Singh and Navnit had no problem because they speak the language. The other artistes too are familiar with Hindi. In cases where Hindi could not be spoken without an accent, we dubbed.'
Upasana is the first serial to be based on a regional classic and meant for a national audience. Says Krishnaswamy: "Our aim is to bring before the people of the country the tale of three great Tamil uvomen — Ka n n a ki, Ma nimek a la i and
Madhavi”.
- Shaukat H. Mohammed. (Courtesy of The Week, Feb. 27, 1994).

Page 7
15 MAY 1994
POLITICS
Haunted By Underworld Links, UNP in Disarray
This year's May Day witnessed one of the biggest processions and mass rallies held in recent years by the opposition parties led by the Peoples Alliance. That it should be so in the wake of the Alliance's unexpected impressive victory in the recently held Southern Provincial elections is not surprising.
But what is surprising is the speed with which the once powerful ruling United National Party (UNP) appears to be crumbling at all levels. The UNP under former Presidents Jayawardene and Premadasa used to put up the most colourful and best attended extravagant displays of carnival proportions on May Days. Thrown into utter disarray following the electoral debacle in the southern province, there was no UNP May Day rally. The leadership's excuse was that they were participating in a number of commemoration religious ceremonies in memory of late President Premadasa.
The UNP could not even take political credit for the unveiling of Premadasa's statue in Colombo because of the confusion and controversy surrounding the ceremony. President Wijetunga who was expected to unveil his predecessor's statue did not even attend the function. It was said that he kept away for 'security reasons' But it was attended by Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe and Housing Construction Minister and Premadasa's closest political ally Sirisena Cooray. The statue was unveiled by former President Mr. J.R. Jayawardene.
Of most significance was that the unveiling ceremony was boycotted by the family members and the widow of the late President. In fact Premadasa's son described the statue as a caricature of his late father and that it was an insult to him. Mrs. Hema Premadasa, who of late has been said to be making a bid for a major political role within the UNP, had organised a separate commemorative religious ceremony in memory of her late husband. Though many political personalities were invited to the ceremony, President Wijetunga and other known anti-Premadasa stalwarts of the UNP were not invited.
The UNP today appears to be going through a deep crisis affected by a lack of political direction under Wijetunga,
accusations of di madasa legacy, and allegations of and bribery.
Though Wijetur made up with the and cabinet Minis by apologising pri for “any hurt he m cannot be said tha with the CWC is i UNP wants the remain strong, Mr President Wijetul CWC's dissident Mr. Sellasamy a with the internal a looks as if Mr. Sel CWC are number lowing the submi President of a doc series of allegatio Mr. Thondaman government.
The President's ni Dissanayake in and give him a ca to have been thi Gamini's re-entry i of UNP politics a ga’s cabinet depen coming a Memb There is at prese none of the Natio have expressed th ign to help Gamini many demandsma not one MP has a his position.
Rumour has it t faction in the UN to him assuming ruling party, hav MPs who were ir resign not to do Nationalist MPs h they would be pre favour of the lat Mrs. Hema Prema to be nominated a cabinet as a Min Prime Minister Ra) is also rumoured move to give a hig UNP and the gove) tious Gamini beca the latter may pos lenge to the forme dent Wijetunga is Gamini into his ca of various kinds is one of the MPs to for Gamini.
In the meantim Construction Minis who was forced by ga to resign his pos ary of the UNP political doghouse Premadasa’s regin
 

| AML TIMES 7
tohing of the Preinternal squabbles, massive corruption
nga appears to have leader of the CWC ter Mr. Thondaman |vately to the latter ight have caused', it t the UNP's alliance n good shape. If the CWC's alliance to '. Thondaman wants nga to sideline the General Secretary nd not to interfere ffairs of the CWC. It lasamy's days in the 'ed, particularly folssion by him to the ument containing a ns of disloyalty by towards the UNP
plans to bring Gamito the Government binet portfolio seem warted up to now. into the mainstream nd joining Wijetunnds on his first beer of Parliament. nt no vacancy and nal List UNP MPs eir readiness to resi. In fact despite the de by the President, greed to relinquish
hat the anti-Gamini P, which is opposed a major role in the 'e persuaded some litially prepared to so. Some of the have indicated that apared to resign in e President's wife, dasa, to enable her s an MP and to the ister. The youthful nil Wickremasinghe to be against the h profile role in the rnment to the ambiuse of the fear that e a dangerous chal2r. However, Presidetermined to bring binet, and pressure being applied to get resign to make way
2, the Housing and ter Sirisena Cooray President Wijetunit of General Secretis literally in the During President he, Mr. Cooray was
well known as his leader's hatchet . man. Whether true or not, during his lifetime Premadasa was accused by his political opponents of being responsible for many killings of political opponents and that Sirisena Cooray as his lifelong ally was said to have been the linkman to Colombo's violent underworld.
The recent upsurge in the violent infighting between two notorious underworld gangs has had the unfortunate effect of dragging Mr. Cooray right into the centre of controversy. On 3 May, Chintaka Amarasinghe Perera alias Chintaka, the leader of one of the gangs, who was in custody facing many criminal charges including murder, was shot at and injured within the precincts of the Negombo Magistrates Court. The police had information that the leader of the rival gang, Arambawelage Don Upali Ranjith alias Soththy Upali, was responsible for the shooting incident, and having laid a dragnet took him into custody on 13 May. They found two repeater shot guns and nineteen rounds of ammunition in his possession.
In a case filed in the Supreme Court alleging violation of his fundamental rights, Chintaka alleges that the gang headed by Soththi Upali had killed nine members of his family including his father, and that when he was held in the police cell, officers of the Criminal Detective Bureau allowed Soththi Upali to enter the cell and assault him vith police batons.
Some believe that a proper investigation into the activities of the two gangland leaders would bring to light much needed information about several unresolved murders, including political ones.
Now the relationship between Soththi Upali and the UNP and Sirisena
Cooray is proving a major political
embarrassment.
It is now established that Soththi Upali is a member of the All Island Executive Committee of the UNP, and he owned a construction company called Prasanthika Constructions Ltd to which many government contracts were given during Premadasa's and Wijetunga's presidency. Among the contracts given to him were to turf the Gam Udawa Exhibition site at Gampaha, to do up the playground of Rahula College at Katugastota, which was being reconstructed from a donation of Rs.5 million given by President Wijetunga. He was also given the contract to run canteens in all Gam Udawa functions.
Answering allegations that Soththi Continued on page 8

Page 8
8 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 7
Upali sometimes operated under him, and stating that he knew that Soththi Upali was a gang leader", Mr. Sirisena Cooray told the Sunday Times (Colombo) that it was President Premadasa who included the gang leader in the UNP's executive committee, and that the present President also knew him well. "I have have no close connection with Soththi Upali, but we cannot forget how he helped the UNP during the last Presidential election where there was an attempt by the JVP to disrupt the elections. We have party members at various levels, we cannot forget what Upali did for the party. He used to help the party by pasting posters during the 1988 Presidential election when few people dared to oppose the JVP.
Mr. Cooray added that Premadasa was impressed by Upali's devotion to his work and even if there was a curfew, he and his boys would work. During the presidential election time, "He and his boys offered to work for the UNP. They helped in setting up stages for meetings, decorating and putting up posters despite the JVP threat. So when Mr. Premadasa became President, he nominated Soththi Upali to Executive Committee of the UNP, and
so Soththi thereby became a fully
fledged party man.' By his own admission, Mr. Cooray confirms that the UNP had been employing known underworld violent elements like Soththi Upali in fighting its electoral battles and political opponents.
The recent police raid on his residence indicates how low has Mr. Cooray fallen from the high politically powerful pedestal he had once occupied. The police party had disarmed some of his bodyguards who have had Special Task Force training. Mr. Cooray lamented that he did not know why the government and the leadership was treating him in this way after he had served the government and the party loyally for all these years.
"Things today have gone a full circle. With Mr. Premadasa's capacity to be a fearless and strong leader with the support of Ministers, armed services and with much popularity, there was a vilifying campaign against him. At that time, I was never implicated that I had helped him to do anything wrong. Now the guns are turned on me since I was close to the late President. I am extremely hurt, disappointed and sometimes even angry at this concerted effort at character assassination. Now I am a prime target for character assassination.
Enjoying the "feel good factor' for the
an
first time in a num Peoples Alliance iss saying that the bit tionalism within th taken the form of a struggle for power b groups within the U country would witn those who are defea struggle rolling.
★ Tamil R
Provoked by the stri attitude of Presiden his recent statement istence of an ethnic Tamils living in C sponded by forming
of Tamils in Colomb ing of this group su Kumar Ponnamba Ceylon Tamil Cong held at the BMI( attended by 80 leadi
A statement signe Dr. K. Velayuthapi Dr. S. Sathanantha meeting states:
"There is a Tami Lanka. It is a politic matured over the p: has been acknowled people and by their in pacts, agreements tos, conferences of p select committees o no solution has been Tamils in Sinhalam repeatedly attacked ginning in 1956.
Hostilities have b North-Eastern Prov last 10 years. Tho Muslim and Sinhala killed or maimed. P lions damaged or de of thousands of Ta refugees in their ov other lands.
Most Sinhala po refuse to put forwal als to resolve the Ta worse, some of th dishonestly retreate agreed positions. T this intransigence Sinhala politicians.
"A more sinister t during the past o within the Govern tion are peddling that there is NOT that there is ONLY lem. Tamils CONI attempt to re-writ protest, struggle Tamils as a transp for pursuing Stat Tamils to the exclu

15 MAY 1994
per of years, the led a statement ter internal facUNP has now
no-holds-barred tween two major NP, and that the 2ss the heads of ted in the power
esponse
lent majoritarian Wijetunga, and s denying the exproblem, leading olombo have rethe Action Group b. The first meetimmoned by Mr. lam of the All ess was recently 3H, which was ng Tamils.
d by its President lai and Secretary n issued after the
Problem in Sri al issue which has ast 50 years. This ged by the Sinhala
political leadership'
, election manifesolitical parties and f parliament. Yet found. Meanwhile ajority areas were in pogroms, be
een raging in the ince (NEP) for the usands of Tamil, youth have been roperty worth millstroyed. Hundreds mils have become yn country and in
litical parties still d political proposmil problem. Even ese parties have d from previously amils DEPLORE and duplicity of
rend has emerged he year. Sections ment and Opposihe baseless view amil problem; but a “terrorist” probEMN this crude e the history of and sacrifice of arent justification e terror against sion of a political
solution.
“Tamils also STRONGLY CONDEMN the blatantly racist and provocatively rabid anti-Tamil and antiMuslim statements made in recent times by the Head of State. For example, it was said that:
(1) Tamils and Muslims are "creepers” who cannot have an existence apart from the Sinhala "tree".
(2) Tamils cannot be first-class citizens.
(3) A Tamil cannot aspire to be the President of Sri Lanka.
(4) If Eelam is declared in the north, Tamils in the south will have to go north and there they will have to eat sand.
(5) Tamils have other countries to go to
(6) Sri Lanka is Sinhala land.
(7) Future Sinhala generations must be able to claim Sri Lanka as their
OW.
“A diabolica DISINFORMATION campaign is also being mounted that 50 per cent of Tamils in the NEP have been driven out of their traditional homeland by “terrorist” activities of the LTTE and that those Tamils are living "happily” among the Sinhalese under the "protection” of the Government.
"In fact, the NEP is a “war zone" and the Tamils are fleeing the NEP in large numbers to escape ongoing military operations, aerial bombardment and crippling economic strangulation by the Government. This has led to scarcity of essentials and lack of basic health, educational and other facilities. Some of those who remain there are living in refugee camps amidst indescribable filth and squalor. Tamil youth in the NEP are picked up for no reason. Some disappear. Others are kept in detention for long periods without trial and denied access to relatives. They are tortured. Confessions are "manufactured" in respect of every Tamil picked up.
"Tamils in Colombo are a people under siege. They come from the NEP, up-country and other parts of Sri Lanka and are living on borrowed time. They PROTEST strongly against the arbitrary arrest, detention, extortion, unrelenting harassment and humiliation meted out by the security forces and their Tamil allies. They undergo untold social and economic difficulties. Some live in refugee camps under horrific conditions.
In the past Tamils in Colombo have depended on one or the other major Sinhala party to remedy their political
Continued on page 14

Page 9
15 MAY 1994
GOVt's Counter-Insul Programme and LT Military Respons
by our Special Correspondent
Some defence analysts in Colombo, who have been following the turbulent and bloody course of Eelam War Two, seem to think that the LTTE is showing signs of military decline. Operation 'White Eagle' which was launched southwest of Trincomalee and Operation 'Jayamaga' which was launched northwest of Vavuniya towards last week of April by the Sri Lankan army have further strengthened their view that the LTTE is actually and finally running out of steam.
Although it may be said that the question whether the Tigers are in military decline cannot be answered until one sees the effectiveness with which they can resist the army's next attempt to advance into the Jaffna Peninsula, it is nevertheless relevant to examine the current military status of the LTTE in the border areas of the north and the hinterland of the eastern province, in order to arrive at a fair picture of Sri Lanka's military situation as the crucial Presidential and Parliamentary elections approach.
If the LTTE is actually facing problems in keeping up its ability to defend its territorial possessions in the north and to mount enough pressure on the army in the east so as to compel it to spread thin a large portion of its forces in that province, on the basis of the LTTE's behaviour in the past, it is possible that Prabhakaran might either attempt to strike a deal of mutual convenience with one of the major Sinhala parties or contest the elections by proxy. It is this prospect that has given a certain measure of political significance to the question of the possible military decline of the Tigers. However, it should be pointed out at the outset that many tend to believe that the apparent inability of the Tigers to display their former military prowess in the east, and in the face of operation 'Jayamaga' in the Wanni may largely be due to the diversion of the greater part of their military resources to a possible massive and concerted preparatory exercise aimed at overrunning one of the large base complexes of the army in the northern province.
But this can a LTTE currently situation where tactical advantag lose valuable terr in order to pre assault which wo the depletion of m military assets ar the desired st Therefore the al recent signs of th weakness are ( they actually ind tion ofits strengt view to strike th and irreparably, ( water - unless of overruns the no which is the larg naval and milita island. Let us th the LTTE's curre eastern province.
The ability of a operate successfi. province is deriv hinterland zones zone jungle, shru land, slash and bu fields separated f coastal areas of lagoons and juI have Sinhala m their west which populated - be veloped agricut Another impo) afforded by all t one, is that they l safe landing poi thereby making excellent for sust erations.
The first of th were to begin the the northernmost stretches from t west of the Musli of Pulmoddai, ki nium rich Ilme shores, to the jun deserted Tiriyai. located to the we village of Kuu stretches upto Moraweva. The t the news recentl tion 'White Eagle

TAMILTIMES 9
gency TE’S
la Se
lso mean that the finds itself in a it has to forego a e in the east and itory in the Wanni pare for a major uld again involve anpower and other ld may not achieve 'ategic objective. gument that the le LTTE’s military leceptive because icate a concentrahelsewhere with a le army decisively loes not hold much f course the LTTE thern Palali base gest combined air, ry complex in the
en consider firstly 2nt position in the
I guerrilla group to ully in the eastern red from five vast comprising the dry b, marshes, wasteurn plots and paddy rom the populated the province by ngle. These zones ajority regions to are also sparsely ing recently deural settlements. tant advantage hese areas, except ie not very far from nts on the coast,
them logistically ained guerrilla op
ese zones — if one enumeration from point of the easthe jungles to the m"dominated town own for the Titahite sands on its gles above the now The second one is st of the destroyed nburupiddy and he jungles above hird zone which hit y following Opera', lies to the south
west of Mutur at that strategic juncture where the Polannaruwa, Batticaloa and Trincomalee districts meet. The fourth zone is located south of the Verugal river and north of the Polannaruwa-Batticaloa road between Welikanda and Valaichenai. The fifth one is generally known as the Vadamunai area - taking its name from a tiny impoverished hamlet at its northwestern end, not far from the Sinhala border and which became well known after the then Mahaveli Minister, Gamini Dissanayake's aborted attempt in 1984 to settle thousands of Sinhalese there almost overnight. This zone lies between the BadullaChenkaladi road and the Welikanda-Valaichenni road. The sixth one is the well known Paduvankarai region west of Batticaloa across the lagoon. Of all the zones, this is the most populated and economically prosperous zone. The seventh one is known as the Kanjikudicha Aaru jungle and is located west of the trunk road between Thirukovil and Pottuvil on the southeastern coast of the Ampara district.
From the beginning of Eelam War Two the army has been engaged in a massive and costly counter insurgency program to 'root out' or "reduce to a manageable level' the influence of the LTTE in all of these
Seven ZOnes.
Three special centres were set up in Weli Oya — at the Independent Brigade headquarters, in Maduru Oya west of the Thoppikkal Hill in the Vadamunai zone - at the special base set up in 1993 for the special forces (S.F.), and in Kondawattuwan in the Amapara district - at the Infantry Training School. In addition to these, the Directorate of Military Intelligence trained, armed and set up special para-military groups comprising ex-Tamil militants, to aid and assist the counter insurgency operations of the Special Forces (S.F.) commandos. The Mohan group became the most notorious of these. The army adopted the standard British-American counter insurgency model to fight the LTTE In the east. The main aim of this counter insurgency program was to limit and, if possible, ultimately destroy the LTTE's logistics and tactical mobility along with its popular support among the Tamils.
The army adopted the following methods prescribed in British and U.S. counter insurgency handbooks with a view to limiting the supplies Continued on page 10

Page 10
10 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 9
which the civilian population was thought to be making available to the LTTE. (In fact the Prime Minister even quoted from a book on the British counter insurgency program in Malaysia while explaining the government's strategy for fighting the war in parliament):
a) Complete evacuation or destruction of villages. This is generally considered by all western counter insurgency experts as the best way to hit at the main source of sustenance for guerrillas in their base areas. Hundreds of villages in the less visible interior parts of all seven zones described above stand derelict or completely destroyed as a result. In zone one even the main population centre, Tiriyai has not been spared. Today only about 7 or 8 destitute old people live there under the watchful eye of the army. About 9 small settlements around it such as Kallampathai are no more. The fate of Tiriyai is attributed to the fact that its location and prosperity made it extremely convenient for Tiger groups moving into the east from the north to rest and replenish their supplies. Kumburuppidly, the main village in Zone two, and before 1990 the most prosperous in the whole district, is a mound of rubble for the same reason. Several Tamil villages on the cultivated edge of zone three such as L.B. 3 and Nilapolai have met with the same fate. Plus many more such as Thonikkal, Kirimichai, Anaisudda Kulam etc., in zone four; Perilla Weli, Kudumbi Malai, Oothuchenai, Miyankal etc in zone five; the remote settlements oif Unnichai and Thanthamalai in Zone six; and Thangavelayuthapuram, Udumpankulam, Thandiady, Rufus, Periyathalavai etc., in zone seven are some of the impoverished Tamil hamlets which have also been completely erased from the face of the earth as part of the army’s Eelam War Two C.I. (Counter Insurgency) programme in order to deny sustenance to Tiger attack groups which may operate in these seven zones.
b) Destruction of crops and prevention of cultivation:- This standard C.I. method recommended by most western military handbooks and known in the past as the scorched earth policy of conventional wars, has been central to the army's effort to limit supplies derived from the civilian population to the LTTE. In each of the seven hinterland Zones of the eastern province, thousands of acres of fertile paddy
and cash crop field result of this poli alone, according ti jasingham M.P. fol thousand acres bel belt called the Per cannot yet be cult the ban imposed b meagre crops of sor escaped mass evac truction of settlem. la Weli and in th zones one, two, foi regularly destroye cial Forces groups upon them. The fr up by the cultivat guard their crops a in order to compe refugee camp unc without tarrying i spite this some ind risk another try. ' the fluctuating in refugees in camps under army supe) people driven out seven zones. (V. observers have se mainly because western missions i believe that the su rent C.I. program ( east is key to the democratic proces region, do not w throwing the sp works, as it were countrymen to vi The Komari, Tl Thirukovil and Valaichenai) car several which shel C.I. method.
c) Control of su living near reb method in effect Tamils live in the of the east. The Pulmoddai in nor also been subjecte of this method sinc Eelam War Two ł strongly suspects t help the LTTE. T of medicine in thi sequence. Certair chocolates, batte sheets, steel rods, banned beyond th aipattu in the Am army ensures that there is direct cont vision of, the am medicine each fam into their area of are often arrested for buying more
what the STF or

15 MAY 1994
slie derelict as a cy. In zone five o Joseph PararaBatticaloa, sixty onging to a paddy Illa Weli Kandam ivated because of by the army. The ne stragglers who ’uations and desents west of Perile far reaches of ur and seven are d whenever Speof the army come ail structures put ors to live in and re also set on fire, l them to seek a der army control n the jungle. Deividuals return to This accounts for umber of recent that were set up vision to shelter L thus from the ery few foreign een these camps most, if not all, n Colombo which uccess of the curof the army in the restoration of the s' in the Tamil fant to be seen anner into the , by asking their sit these places). nambalagamam,
Pethalai (near nps are among ter victims of this
pplies to civilians el areas:- This applies wherever hinterland zones Muslim town of thern Trinco has l to the strictures e the beginning of ecause the army hat Muslims here ere is a shortage s town as a conitems such as ries, aluminium wire etc are still 2 town of Akkarparai district. The in all seven zones rol on, and superount of food and ly buys and takes residence. Many | and questioned provisions than
the S.F. consider
adequate for the families of the Suspects.
The overall effect of these C.I. methods aimed at undermining the material and moral support base of the LTTE In the east has, over the last three years, made the populations in the hinterland zones quite war weary. The local government elections, from the C.I. point of view, were held to present a way out for the war weary people in the hinterlands of the east. The LTTE's main weakness in the province is that it has not been able to counter this problem by cultivating ideological commitment, stepping up interaction through social service, cultural and educational programs, aimed at preventing the sense of alienation arising from war weariness among the hinterland populations. The manner in which the Viet Cong handled the same problem in such strategic zones in their country is a case in point.
In fact the LTTE is playing into the army’s hands, much to the satisfaction of its C.I. experts, by engaging in tax collection in these zones most of the time. The absence of frequent and spectacular attacks in the east has also contributed to a certain lack of enthusiasm, and hence recruits. In addition to the standard C.I. methods described above, the deployment of small and highly mobile special forces commandos which are constantly roaming one part or the other of the hinterland zones has greatly reduced the tactical mobility of the LTTE in the field and resulted in the loss of a large number of important Tiger cadres. Prabhakaran's answer to this problem has been to pull out his key commanders and political workers from the east. This has led to a further decline in the LTTE's actual military and political influence in the east. This state of affairs in the hinterland zones of the province has enabled the army to manage the populated areas of the east largely by saturating them with police personnel who are given some additional training for working in "terrorist areas'. As long as the LTTE finds life difficult in the hinterland zones, it cannot effectively threaten the main population centres of the province, even when they are maintained by the police, who are no match at all to seasoned Tiger combatants. Therefore, soon after the local government elections, the army was able to pull out a large number of its troops from the east

Page 11
15 MAY 1994
without jeopardising the consolidated gains of its C.I. program. Those troops were soon redeployed in the north.
The LTTE meanwhile seems to be concentrating on large scale and spectacular attacks on military bases, which require long and patient information gathering, special training and logistical preparation. All this forces the Tiger leadership to divert precious resources needed for regularly engaging in widespread guerrilla operations. As a result the army has found plenty of time to rest and re-train its troops which were heavily battered and incessantly harassed during the first two years of Eelam War Two. In fact the whole of last year, there were only eighteen days of actual combat - though of high intensity and ferocity.
Despite the setbacks and humiliation, the overal military situation in the northeast seems to have improved in the army's favour, when one considers the effect of C.I. program in the east and the free time the army has had to rethink and revamp its defense systems in the north and to focus more on training the foot soldier, particularly after Lt. Gen. Gerry Silva took over as army chief. Operation “Jayamaga” indicates clearly that the army is also interested in implementing a different kind of C.I. program in the north. The large number of troops which were pulled out of the east enabled the army to capture and hold on to the 60 square kilometer territory northwest of Vavuniya. The significance of this operation is that it was aimed at, and succeeded in bringing under the army's control, the green belt of the Vavuniya district.
The idea is to develop this green belt prosperously and woo the larger portion of the population of those areas of the district still under Tiger control. The plan seems to be directed at depriving the LTTE of the resource areas of the Wanni districts over an extended period of time. The army will proceed apace with this plan if it can pull out more and more troops from the east. Preoccupied as it is with the military glory of large scale attacks in and around the peninsula, the LTTE is not in a position to counter the kongterm, indirect and creeping victory which the army is interested in achieving, though as in the east, at a remendous cost to the Tamil civilan population.
Self West
The post-1983 outLankan Tamils fr home and their sett numbers, in Weste) created a unique s traditional social or Tamils, their cult ethos. In one sens thousands of Tami crucible of self-de home have landed ir melting pots in Cal Great Britain and a pean countries. Mc however, despite t safety and security of material oppol Tamil emigres expe their lives, a void early generations of They are victims o ture between their and the immigrant between their nata their uprooted existe tion the leap, for mo tropical sunshine in winter, is almost bridgeable.
Postmodernist c have portrayed the these twentieth ce Tamils are not unkr escapism, and soone have in our hands the Tamilian diaspo In the meantime, earthly matters th attention. My purp few comments on ti Tamil ethos in a w will try to provide sc ing of the Tamil soc and its evolution th socio-historical circ
" This is a modifie article published
Anniversary Publica ety for the Aid of C (SACM), Toronto, C
* Rajan Philips usec the pseudonym "Al founder member a MIRJE, and was ass publication of the S He now lives in Wa

TAMIL TIMES 11
AMLS IN DASPORA
Determination in ern Melting Pots“
by Rajan Philips?
migration of Sri bm their island lement, in large in countries has ituation for the ganization of the ure and their se, hundreds of ls who fled the termination at the huge urban nada, Australia, number of Europre importantly, he assurance of and the promise tunities, most rience a void in
shared by the all immigrants. f a painful rupimmediate past present. The gap l memories and ence, not to menst of them, from to the freezing unbearably un
reative writers predicaments of ntury nomads. own for literary r or later we will 2reative tales of ric experiences. Chere are other at deserve our pse is to offer a he future of the estern milieu. I me understandial organization rough different umstances. By
d version of an
in the Tenth ttion of the Soci2ylon Minorities 'anada.
to write under mali'; he was a nd secretary of ociated with the aturday Review. arloo, Canada.
socio-historical circumstances I refer to the origins of a Tamil social organization in Sri Lanka, the colonial encounter, the trauma in independent Sri Lanka, and the current diasporic experiences.
Tamil Social Organization
The origins of the Tamil social organization in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka have been traced to the medieval period preceding the arrival of the European colonists. The core characteristics of this organization, which have by and large survived to this day, include a well developed language; the predominantly Saivite version of Hinduism; a caste system based on the South Indian caste system but with some unique variations; family and kinship structures and a property system whose reproduction is ensured through endogamic marriage practices and devolution of property along both male and female lines. Despite their extensive rights over property, women were assigned a subordinate role at home and in society. In sum, the social organization, like in every other South Asian social group, was unequal, hierarchical, and male dominated.
The economic life of the Tamils before the beginning of the colonial rule, was based on agriculture, fishing, and trade within and outside the island. Theirs was an essentially subsistence economy that left little surplus by way of resources or leisure time to indulge in the frills of art and culture to any remarkable degree. However, they managed to develop a strong tradition of popular education, and made significant progress in the areas of Tamil literature, indigenous medicine, and astrology.
The Colonia Encounter
During the four hundred years of European colonial rule, every aspect of the Tamilian social organization and economic life was put to the test. The essence of the Tamil genius was in taking material advantage of the
Continued on page 13

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
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15 MAY 1994
Continued from page 11
colonial encounter while maintaining the core characteristics of the Tamil social organization. Put another way, the Tamils internalized the impacts of colonialism through flexible and dualistic strategies. They adopted a functional, enterprising, and even an individualistic approach to receiving Christian education and exploiting the employment and business opportunities that were spun off by the British plantation economy in Ceylon and in distant colonies like Burma, Malaya, and Singapore. While adapting themselves to the changing economic circumstances, the Tamils preserved their social order based on religion, hierarchy, kinship, male domination, and caste. Even the effects of Christianization of significant sections of the Tamil society were internalized, in that the Tamil converts to Christianity remained within the same social contours of caste and kinship as their Hindu counterparts.
I would argue that there were two principal factors, namely, the territorial integrity of the Tamils within the island and the numerical preponderance of their dominant castes, that accounted for the coexistence of social rigidity with the readiness for occupational flexibility. While their natal provinces insulated them from external influences, there was not a critical mass of deprived people within the Tamil society whose emancipation would have required changes in the social order. One might contrast this situation with the DMK led social reform movement among the Tamils in South India, which derived its sustenance from the determination of the numerically larger non-Brahmin castes to end centuries of Brahmin dominance over them. As well, successive generations of Sri Lankan Tamil leaders proved themselves to be venerable bulwarks of social orthodoxy and political reaction in the wider Sri Lankan society; to wit, the opposition to universal suffrage in the 1920s, and the lifelong aversion to the left wing political parties whose electoral support never extended beyond the Sinhalese, but who were, nevertheless, expected to be scrupulous about the rights of all minorities, including the Tamils.
independence and After
My emphasis on the social rigidity of the Tamils should not be taken to
mean that there ha changes in the Ta the years. From t this century, parti constitutional chan 1947/1948, and tha of first the Tamil C the Federal Party, Tamils have achi Sense of national ide them at the politi the traditional clea cial level. At the s the occupational ba been considerably the boundaries alliances have been ned. On the negativ tice of dowry which intended to devolv their share of the has degenerated i phenomenon of women in what is sh the "marriage mark
Be that as it ma that arose in indepe were directed more well being of the their social organiz extent, these chall outcome of a culti placed, perceptic Sinhalese that the latively deprived Tamils in regard to employment opport British rule. As it t the conditions of an market economy, th nature of the Sri along with its in democratic traditio. stantly revived and terpreted myths a battles between anc Tamil chieftains, twentieth century petition between Sinhalese has becon between their lea standing armies.
Tamils in Diaspo
This brings me tc the large number were forced to leav account of the war, domiciled in the we ized countries. Th fundamentally diff previous historical They lack the pro their natal provinci which for centuri them to live in and social organization. elsewhere, the Ta

ve not been any mil society over he beginning of ularly after the ges of 1931 and nks to the efforts ngress and then the Sri Lankan ved a modern ntity that unites all level despite vages at the soocial level itself, sis of caste has weakened, while for marriage relatively widee side, the pracmight have been e on daughters amily property, to a debasing price-tagging amelessly called 2t'.
, the challenges indent Sri Lanka at the economic Tamils than at ation. To a large enges were the vated, but mison among the y had been revis-a-vis the commercial and unities under the urned out, given underdeveloped he overpoliticized Lankan society amature liberal ns, and the condangerously innd memories of ient Sinhala and an essentially economic comthe Tamils and he a timeless war ders and their
a
the situation of of Tamils who re the island on and who are now stern industrialeir situation is erent from the circumstances. tective space of es in Sri Lanka, es had enabled reproduce their In Canada and mils have been
TAMILTIMES 13
thrown into huge urban melting pots of competing cultures.
The problems that the Tamils are facing in coping with their new situation should be viewed at two levels: at the level of the older generation and at the level of their children, or the younger generation. There is, in fact, a generational dichotomy involving the expatriate Tamil parents and their children. What they have lost in terms of the protective space that they enjoyed in their natal provinces, the Tamil parents are able to compensate through modern technology and means of communication. Through instant communication facilities they are able to preserve the extended family relationships despite their spatial separation across the world. Computer aided printing has spawned a number of Tamil weeklies and magazines in all the western capitals; before long there will be simultaneous publication of Tamil magazines in different countries to serve the emerging international Tamil media market.
The Tamils in Canada have taken advantage of the government policy of multiculturalism in establishing NGOs and voluntary organizations to provide help and guidance to new Tamil immigrants, and also to undertake activities and organize cultural events that are reminiscent of their traditional life experiences in Sri Lanka. The increasing Tamil population has also created a market and an incentive for the opening of restaurants, grocery stores, video stores and other commercial establishments. More significantly, Sri Lankan Tamils, both Hindus and Christians, have organized their own places of worship and provided for their traditional ritualistic needs.
In short, Sri Lankan Tamils have, in a matter of a few years, added their own little universe to the multiplicity of immigrant ethnic universes that have become a standard feature of the large heteropolitan' urban centres of North America. But the question now is whether the Tamil universes in Canada and elsewhere can survive and reproduce themselves to the same extent as the Tamil social organization in Sri Lanka had survived and reproduced itself for centuries on end. What I am posing here as an abstract question is in fact a very concrete apprehension that many Tamils have over the "cultural future' of their children in western societies.
Continued on page 14

Page 14
14 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 13
Cultural Dilemma
So far, I have tried to provide, ratherinoffensively, a critique of our social system. I commented on the external and internal factors that have accounted for the longevity of the core characteristics of our social organization in the past, in our natal provinces. In comparison, the future of the younger generation of Tamils living in the west is already being shaped by external forces of change that are stronger than what had buffeted their ancestors. The internal defenses available to the expatriate Tamil parents are, by and large, irrelevant to their children. Let me elaborate.
Tamil children are torn between devotionally religious homes and progressively secular schools and society. The linguistic pride of the Tamils and their long struggle for language rights in their own country are hardly of any relevance to the Tamil children learning English, French, or other European languages in the west. The hierarchy of the Tamil social structure, based on
Continued from page 8
grievances. But their hopes have been cruelly shattered in every instance. Dangerous attempts are now being made to not only humiliate Tamils but also to put back the political clock in Sri Lanka. Tamils in Colombo are firm in their belief that rights of Tamils in Colombo can be established only through co-ordinated and concrete action. They resolve to organize themselves politically and to take action in solidarity with Tamils in the rest of Sri Lanka.
It is inevitable that Tamils in Colombo do not any longer expect most Sinhala political parties, left on their own, to deal with the Tamil problem with any degree of honesty or sincerity. Therefore we now appeal to the Sinhala people.
"As a first step, Tamils in Colombo call upon the Sinhala people:
(1) To recognize through their political leadership the inalienable right of self-determination of the Tamils.
(2) To place, forthwith and publicly, their proposals for the resolution of the Tamil problem through their political leadership.
(3) Through their political leadership begin negotiations immediately for a political solution to the Tamil problem.
The Action Group of Tamils in Colombo (AGOTIC)”.
age, gender, and vehicles of its rep arranged marria devolution, are si that the Tamil ch their schools, am the media. Tradit that flourished w. vinces are now th the world. Whi Tamil parents di tact with their ki globe, their childr be as dedicated to continental kinsh
Softening Effor
All the same, t cannot, in one turn their backs background, any could succeed in a into the dominan Their cultural di the best possibl perhaps capture Nehrus oft-repea himself as “a que east and the west, and out of place despite our best h the ideals of Nehr cultural outlook, humanity that is ral tensions to val on a daily basis. T remedy to their cu society must take softening the cult have a bearing o the development ( softening efforts taken both at h societal level.
To begin with avoid raising cult their children th their natural gro ment within a cos There is also a parents to adapt new surrounding areas that are lik flicting and even experiences for th and outside the wean ourselves fr authoritarian hab from hierarchical age, or gender; the from the patriar mand structure, divided among til family and among in clan or village, the same economi farming, fishing father, mother,

15 MAY 1994
aste, and the main roduction, namely, ges and property nply not the norms ldren encounter in ong peers, and in tonal kinship units thin the natal proinly spread across e the expatriate ligently keep connsmen around the en are not likely to preserving transip ties.
tS
he Tamil children revolving motion,
on their cultural
more than they swift assimilation t western culture. lemma, to give it 2 construction, is d in Jawaharlal ted description of er mixture of the at home nowhere,
everywhere'. But opes, and beneath u's world view and there is a whole caught up in culturying degrees, and here is no quick-fix ultural woes. But a responsibility for ural tensions that n the psyche and of its children. The should be underLome and at the
, parents should ural fences around at would inhibit with and developmopolitan setting. definite need for themselves to the s, particularly in ely to create conembarrassing life e children within nome. We should om the traditional its at home, and notions based on y are indeed relics hal age of comwhen labour was le members of a the families withbut in relation to activity (for e.g., etc.). Today, the und the children
have their separate and independent daily routines, and at least for that reason, the older and the stronger members in a household should extend due regard and respect to the privacy of the younger and the gentler members - to the privacy of their time, and even of their space. There is an even more compelling reason for jettisoning the old, petty, browbeating ways; for, familial love has a great deal more in common with equal treatment, sharing in domestic chores, good listening, and consensus seeking, than with paternal diktats, no matter how benign or well intended the latter might be.
The softening efforts at the societal level, should be directed at mediating between our traditional sense of our history and cultural heritage on the one hand, and the western, cosmopolitan, and multicultural realities of the world of our children, on the other. Put another way, Tamil language training to our children in the western countries should not turn out to be similar to the manner in which Latin was forced down the throats of our parents in an earlier era. As far as possible, language training should be supplemented by readings in English of our literary and cultural traditions. Forty years ago, Sri Lankan Tamil literati spearheaded a movement for interpreting Tamil culture to the Western Indologists and Orientalists, as well as to those Tamils who, for whatever reasons, had to turn to Engish to understand and appreciate their heritage. Given the historical context in which it was launched, the movement was well received and immensely successful. Since then, the terms Tamiliana and Tamilology have become part of academic vocabulary. Expatriate Tamils, who are concerned with the "cultural future' of their children, may want to turn to these earlier efforts for inspiration and guidance.
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Page 15
15 MAY 1994
Abuse of Executive Presidentia
Exercise of Presidential II
J.F.A Soza, Retired Judge of the Supreme Court; Chairman Task Force. Desmond Fernando, President's Counsel; For the Bar Association of Sri Lanka; Secretary-General of the Ii Association, Member, Executive Committee of the Internatio of Jurists. Professor G.L. Peiris, Professor of Law and Vi,
the University of Colombo.
We refer to the circumstances of the case in which a Presidential pardon was recently granted to two persons, Shelton Nimal Peiris and W.M. Bandula Jayadewa, who had been convicted of the offence of attempted culpable homicide not amounting to murder, and sentenced to three years' rigorous imprisonment each.
In our view, the striking features of this case are the following:
(i) after conviction, these persons failed to appear before the High Court of Kurunegala on 11th December 1992, when they were directed to do so, in order that the sentence may be carried out;
(ii) on the same date warrants were issued through the police against both convicted persons, but these warrants were not served;
(iii) the High Court thereafter issued open warrants against them on four different occasions spanning a total period of almost an year. The open warrants were issued on 5th January, 26th November, 1st December and 3rd December 1993. Notwithstanding all these steps, the Kuliyapitiya Police failed to take the two convicted persons into custody and to have them produced before the High Court;
(iv) one of the convicted persons was a member of the Urban Council of Kuliyapitiya and also President of the Kuliyapitiya Private Bus Owners' Association;
(v) on 15th December 1993 the Judge of the High Court of Kurunegala directed the Registrar of the Court to address a letter to the Inspector-General of Police stating that information was available to the Court that the convicted persons were moving about freely in Kuliyapitiya town and that the Police had nevertheless failed to take them into custody;
(vi) in these circumstances the Registrar of the High Court, on the direction of the High Court Judge, called upon the IGP to take immediate action to take both convicted
persons into custoc them produced be withut delay;
(vii) within 2 da munication being a High Court of Kun IGP, the President took action under A the Constitution to pardon to both conv.
(viii) the effect of Presidential preroga is not merely to redu but to permit the acc go home without st day of the 3 year se on them.
The media have published the text made in this connec ment during the Emergency.
The gist of this st the Presidential pard after considering an victim in this case, physician named Rae siri who was shot anc the victim of the sho representations agai being meted out to persons; and that t adopted this attitude alia, gunshot injurie; sustained, had heale
We are convinced involved in this matt riding public impor pinge crucially on respect of the admin tice in our country. matter of deep con reasons adduced on t liament should hav upon by way of ju exercise of the prerog in the circumstances
We would like to p public that the factor the statement in F altogether lacking in principal reasons.
(a) The fundament

Power ardon
Human Rights er President of ternational Bar al Commission 2-Chancellor of
y and to have ore the Court
rs of this comldressed by the unegala to the of the Republic Article 34 (1) of grant a free cted persons;
exercise of the tive in this case ce the sentence used persons to rving a single ntence imposed
subsequently of a statement :tion in Parliadebate on the
atement is that on was granted affidavit by the an ayurvedic njith Sumana| wounded; that oting had made lst punishment the convicted he victim had because, inter which he had l by this time.
that the issues er are of overance and imore values in stration of jusIt is to us a ern that the le floor of Parbeen relied stification for tive of pardon of this case. bint out to the referred to in arliament are alidity for two
l character of
TAMIL TIMES 15
criminal liability is that the harm caused by the criminal act goes far beyond the interest of individuals and does serious harm to society. In the case of a civil wrong, the remedy consists of compensation which can be waived by the injured party at will or on his initiative. By contrast, where criminal acts are concerned, punishment cannot, except in the case of compoundable offences, be dispensed with on the basis of the wishes of the person who has sustained injury in consequence of criminal activity. In any event, the principle of compounding an offence at the instance of the injured person has no application whatever after conviction and imposition of sentence by a court.
In the case in question, injury was caused to the ayurvedic physician as a result of shooting. These are circumstances in which the interests of the community, especially at a time when violent crime is markedly on the increase in the country, are entitled without any conceivable doubt to prevail over the subjective wishes of the individual who had suffered injury.
It is now claimed, as part of the justification for the Presidential pardon, that the victim, W.A. Sumanasiri, “had earlier requested the police to withdraw the prosecution'. Nevertheless, the victim himself gave evidence during the non-summary proceedings and was also a key witness for the prosecution during the High Court proceedings. To grant a Presidential pardon to the persons convicted at the trial, on the basis of a change of heart by the victim of the shooting, after he had testified for the prosecution in two distinct judicial proceedings, is to subvert the course of criminal justice.
(b) Of basic significance in this case is the contemptuous and cavalier attitude which the two convicted persons consistently adopted towards the established courts of the country. They displayed this attitude of defiance by refusing to appear before the Court on five different occasions when warrants had been issued to compel their attendance.
Respect for maintenance of law and order and integrity of institutions administering justice cannot possibly by preserved if these attitudes become entrenched in the community. This is a factor of indisputable relevance in determining
Continued on page 29

Page 16
16 TAMIL TIMES
Did Jesus Live in
by T. Pathmanathan
No subject in the world has been the subject of so much writing (over 100,000 monographs alone) and of such passionate, even violent, discussion as the personality of Jesus. Yet, it was only during the latter half of the 19th century and, more particularly, during the last few decades that bold academic scholars began to investigate the life of Jesus Christ from Secular sources as distinct from what was handed down for nearly 2,000 years by purely religious texts and teachings. The objective, historical and critical study of this fascinating subject reached such heights that the eminent German theologian Albert Schweitzer stated: "the research on the life of Jesus is the most powerful and daring development in independent religious awareness'; it provoked another great German philosopher-writer Goethe to declare “the entire ecclesiastical history is a mish-mash of error and of power.’
It is necessary therefore, in the interests of objectivity, to approach this subject from a purely academic and secular point of view, relying on contemporary sources and material that can stand the test of authenticity and not as an article of faith or as a polemic on religious philosophy. In other words, one has to keep the historical Jesus distinct and separate from the time-honoured Jesus of the faith, of tradition and christian belief. I have stood with as much reverence in the famed Churches and Cathedrals and Mosques the world over - St. Peter's Rome, the Duomo in Milan, St. Marks in Venice, Notre Dame in Paris, the Aya Sophia in Istanbul, the Jumma Mashid in Delhi- as in the ancient temples of Kancheepuram, Chidambaram, Tanjore, Sarnath and Buddha — Gaya.
At the core of the New Testament are the four gospels named after Mark, Matthew, Luke and John; these are attributed to these authors but were compiled generations after the crucifixion of Jesus. Besides these are, not the only gospels; these were selected by the Church fathers between the first and third centuries A.D.; the other gospels - the so-called Books of the Apocrypha — were either lost, destroyed by Gentile Christian writers of later times or treated as heretical by the Catholic Church. In fact much of christian belief is a collection of the teachings, rules and pre
cepts of Paul rat attributed to Jesu church historia states: "Christiar founded by Paul; gospel with a g (page 89 in his "Cl Even the famous
Kant makes a dis teachings of Jesu disciples or the go
The earliest Jesus are in the ' is more of a histo gospel writers t pre-date the can Paul does not m Jesus's life in a there is no mentic his parents, where he lived or when mention of Jesus cles or even of his Pilate. On his o' never knew the h based his whole f claimed to have re. rected' Jesus. As Mark, Matthew, which were of a li not free from cont son in his sensation evidence’ - lists t even on vital matt birth, crucifixion The gospels of M Luke referred to gospels were comp and 80 AD; the gos to as the "fourth'g later date circa 15 has never been Church when and came into existenc not exist and there is a matter of beli that as late as N Roman Catholic ( Vatican II that Go the Bible; being t authorship they ar. Church) to be “infa fore, made canonic bed-rock of christi Faith however can history. It was Bel remarked "faith is in something for evidence'
Even accepting value, there is hov information in ther source, about the e

15 MAY 1994
ndia?
er than of what is in the gospels. The Wilhelm Nestle ty is the religion it replaced Christ's spel about Christ” sis of Christianity). German philosopher inction between the s and those of his pel writers.
nown writings on pistles’ of Paul who ical figure than the hough his writings onical gospels. But ention anything of biographical sense; n of his early life, of he was born, where he lived; there is no s parables or miratrial before Pontius wn admission Paul uman Jesus and he aith on a 'vision' he ceived from a "resurfor the gospels of Luke and John, ater date, these are radictions; Ian Wilhal book ‘Jesus — the hese contradictions ers pertaining to his and "resurrection'. ark, Matthew and as the "Synoptic' tled between 70 AD pel of John referred ospel belonged to a ) AD to 200 AD. It stablished by the how these gospels : as the originals do fore the authorship f. Suffice it to say, ovember 1965 the hurch declared in himself "authored' herefore of 'divine' considered (by the lible', were, thereal and became the n belief and faith. lot be the basis of rand Russell who strong conviction which there is no
he gospels at face ever, only scanty , as a biographical rly life of Jesus -
his formative years. However, the events that took place in Jerusalem during the life of Jesus have not gone unrecorded.
Contemporary historians relate in great details the momentous events that took place in the first century AD in this region of Judea (where Jesus was born, lived and ministered) which was in a state of political ferment and turmoil. The famous Roman historian Tacitus (55-120 AD) is full of information about King Herod, of Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, who presided over the crucifixion of Jesus but Tacitus mentions this momentous event in the history of Christendom only in passing. The other famous Roman historian Pliny (61 AD - 114 AD) mentions 'a religious sect called christians who sing to a Messiah' but does not even mention a word about Jesus Christ; nor does the other contemporary historian Suetonius mention anything about Jesus except a casual reference to "Christos, an instigator of the Jews'. These historical records (which preceded the gospels) of that period do not mention the extraordinary episodes mentioned in the gospels. The 20th century's greatest New Testament theologian Rudolph Bultmann of Germany concludes “the true picture of Jesus's life has faded beyond recognition'. Ernest Kasemann, the specialist in studies of the New Testament, states: "one is overwhelmed by how little of the accounts of Jesus Christ in the New Testament can be called authentic'. The gospels cannot therefore be accepted as a historical source; the absence of a historically reliable source has been made worse by the insistence of the Church on equating their own interpretations of biblical accounts with objective fact. One has therefore to look elsewhere for authentic information.
The gospels do not comment or make any reference to Jesus's life between his 13th and 33rd year (i.e. between his presentation in Jerusalem and the period of his ministry 2 decades later). The prime historical source of information for the events of the time Jesus lived, is the Jewish historian Josephus of Galilee (37 AD — 100 AD). In his monumental work "Antiquities of the Jews' he gives detailed descriptions of this period; he mentions Emperor Nero, John the Baptist, King Herod, Governor Pontius Pilate but, strangely, provides only scanty material on the life of Jesus. He mentions Jesus only as 'a wise man who performs astonishing feats' and as "a teacher with some followers who call themselves christians. It is however, beyond dispute

Page 17
15 MAY 1994
that Jesus is a historical figure, born of Jewish parents, who spoke Aramaic; that his name 'Jesus' was an adaptation of the name 'Yeshu' and an abbreviation of Joshua' of the Old Testament; that he grew up in Galilee; the name "Christ' is a derivation from the greek word "christos' meaning “the anointed one'. Even according to the gospels of Mark, Matthew and Luke the period in which Jesus was publicly active lasted only two years; only in the gospel attributed to John is there a reference to Jesus's presence during “three Passovers' (three years) between 30 AD and 33 AD. Thus, while contemporary historians (Tacitus, Pliny, Suetonius of Rome and Josephus of Galilee) refer to him only in passing and do not give him special emphasis or importance, the gospel writers themselves refer to his activities or preachings (so far as his public life is concerned) only during a limited period, namely 2 or 3 years and are silent on his life and activities between his 13th and 33rd years.
The first detailed reference to this 'dark' period of Jesus's life between his 13th and 33rd year - the 20-year period relevant to this paper - is a work called "The Aquarian Gospel published in 1844 by an American writer named Levi Dowling - a Chaplain in the US Army who later studied and practised medicine and thereafter devoted himself to the study of religious works. In part 6 and 7 of his book he makes the amazing reference that Jesus spent these 20 years in Indial; that after a period of study of the Vedas in the Hindu temple of Jaggannath, he fled from the fury of the Brahmins with whom he had strong differences in religious matters, through the Himalayan foothills into Tibet where he studied the Buddhist scriptures in the Buddhist monastery at Lhasa; and that he finally went back to the Middle East. The conclusions of this writer, however, have no historical or scientific foundation as he states that he got all this from a revelation' in a vision. However, it must be remembered that the contents of the canonical gospels are also - as pronounced by the Catholic Church - revelations' or prophetic visions like what Paul experienced; it is difficult, therefore, to dismiss the former and accept only the latter for purposes of historical investigation.
In the year 1894, however, the Russian historian and itinerant scholar Nicolai Notowitch in his book “The Unknown Life of Jesus Christ' recounts in great detail these very same statements mentioned above after a period of study in the Buddhist monastery at Hermis (near Lhasa) at the foot
of the Tibetan moun have collected these help of an interpre scripts written in reportedly in the then Dalai Lama. T prophet called "I Jesus'), his teaching dom bear a remark the details in "The Although Max Mull dologist, casts doubts ity of Notowitch's fil of the then British A Court of the King references (page 214 Kashmir of a Russia Notowitch in 1887 a route to the Tibetan scholastic mission. Abhimedhananda of Mission in Calcutta astonishing account book also journeyed monastery in Herm Notowitch's findings "Kashmiri O Tibeth' this old manuscript monastery of Hemis in Pali, read the origi
Scholastic investi subject did not end th christian theologian F Germany in his com] book 'Jesus Lived in after 5 years of in arrived at the iden after a visit to this v tery near Lhasa. He nishing detail, that age of thirteen follo Silk Route towards In years, lived in India f studied the Hindu V nant' (Jagannath) ar nares) and later spent in the Buddhist mon studying the Buddhi concludes that Jesus to the Holy Land a intense religious stud vast storehouse of kn itual wisdom and bec master himself. It is matter of surprise t entered Jerusalem ar AD he was a man calibre, versed not philosophical but als the gift of performin performance of mirac not anything new, th less examples of mira performed both by th Rabbis before Jesus ir and by Sages and Ris continue to be perf Baba) even today. It further that the ab Jesus's life (during

AML TIMES 17
ains; he claims to details, with the er, from manu'ali which were, ossession of the ese accounts of a sa” (arabic for and his martyrble similarity to quarian Gospel' r, the Oxford Inon the authenticding, the diaries mbassador to the of Kashmir has to the arrival in n scholar named d that he was en mountains on a Further, Swami he Ramakrishna after reading the in Notowitch's to the Tibetan is and confirms in his Pali book that he did find in the Buddhist and, being fluent nal himself
gations on this ere. In 1987, the Holgar Kerston of paratively recent India' published tensive research tical conclusions ery same monasstates, in astoesus around the wed the ancient dia, journeying 5 or over 10 years, edas in “Juggerld Waranasi (Be6 years in Lhasa astery of Hemis zt Scriptures; he finally returned fter a period of y mastering this wledge and spirming a spiritual
therefore not a hat when Jesus pund the year 30 f high spiritual inly in matters ) equipped with g miracles. The es, however, was re being countles having been ancient Jewish the Middle East ni’s in India and rmed (e.g. Sai must be noted ve accounts of his period) are
corroborated by the internationally renowned Scholar Professor Hasnain, Doctor of Indology and Indian Archaeology, author of several Scholastic publications and once a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Chicago for a short time.
The question now arises as to why Jesus chose to journey to India in search of truth and wisdom - during this period of his life. The answer is not far to seek. According to "Genesis' (chapter 29) of the Old Testament, Abraham, patriarch of the Hebrews, went to “the Land of Sons of the East'. According to Joshua (chapter 24, 2-3) of the Old Testament the patriarchs of Israel came from "the East' and so did the "three wise men'. In the Bible mention is made of "the Land of the 5 Rivers' ('the river parted and ran into 4 heads'); nowhere in the Middle East or in the World is there a country with a river with 5 tributaries except in India - only the river Indus, in North West India, fits the description perfectly i.e. "Punjab', the land of 5 rivers (“pun” in Sanskrit and Tamil means 5) the land of one of the earliest known civilisations (Harappa and Mahenjadaro), in the World, circa 3500 B.C.
Further, the close connection between Kashmir and the ancient Jews (Israelites) can even today be corroborated in their place names and even words. "The language of Kashmir derives from Hebrew” concludes the Arabic Scholar and Linguist, Abdul Azad, after drawing a list of such similar even identical words and names. It is significant that the language of the Kashmiris is different from that of all other languages in India. Dr. George Moore in his scholarly work "The Lost Tribes of Israel' refers to Hebrew inscriptions in archaeological sites in India - in Taxila in the Punjab region a stone inscription in Aramaic, the language that Jesus (and the Jews) spoke, was found and deciphered. In their appearance, their semitic physiognamy, their clothes, folklore and habits (like wearing of caps by men like the jomulkas of the Jews and the wearing of scarves and belts by Kashmiri and Israeli women) confirm this theory of their close similarity.
This article has considered the view of Biblical scholars, archaeologists, linguists, historians and the like and draws on oral and written tradition as well; it deals with facts, coincidences and suggestions; what emerges is less a thesis than a series of fascinatingly similar facts and possibilities. The distances of time and space, the power of faith and tradition, the dogmatism and authority of the established church
Continued on page 29

Page 18
18 TAM TIMES
Veteran Communist Leader to Retire
Mr. Jyoti Basu, India's best-known Communist leader, is considering retirement from politics.
After five decades on centre-stage, Mr. Basu, the 80-year
old Chief Minister of West Bengal, is looking at the option of
retirement to supposedly facilitate the emergence of a new line of leaders.
Sources close to Mr. Basu told newsmen that he has been encouraging the Communist Party of India (Marxist) leaders in Delhi and Calcutta to look at a scenario where his departure from politics would be a reality. Mr. Basu and senior CPI(M) leaders held talks on the issue over the past few months.
Inquiries by the newspaper reveal that Mr. Basu has indicated in close circles that he would like to be relieved of his administrative and organisational burden as soon as possible, preferably before the 1996 Assembly poll.
Mr. Basu's friends and relatives are believed to have been trying to persuade him to opt out of politics for quite some time. Their concerns are mainly on account of his advanced age and growing attacks on him.
Predictably, the CPI(M), whose current weightage in national politics is directly related to the party's dominance in West Bengal, has for now shot down Mr. Basu's proposal. In its perception, Mr. Basu's services are still required, even though he is in his Eighties, because he is one of the few assets going for the party.
Former Army Chief Admits Illicit Receipt of $4.6 Million
Former chief of Pakistan's Army Staff, Gen. Mirza Aslam Baig, has admitted receiving $4.6 million from a key figure in a banking scandal. He alleged that part of the money was used to topple Benazir Bhutto's government and to fund Nawaz Sharif's election in 1990.
Baig in a sensational statement recently, also claimed that $2.6 million from the $4.6 million received from Yunus Habib, the central figure in the scandal involving the Mehran Bank, was deposited as special funds for the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan.
Baig, who came under severe criticism from the National Assembly members, said he had not taken a 'single penny from the donation.' He said he had provided the details of this transaction to former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and then Chief of Army Staff Gen. Asif Nawaz.
He said part of the amount was used for acquisition of election intelligence in 1990 and said such donations had been received earlier also from within and outside the country and placed at the disposal of the ISI for such purposes.
Meanwhile, bitten by a raging financial scandal, members of Pakistan's National Assembly agreed to probe into their assets and family background.
Both the government and opposition members unanimously approved the appointment of a Parliamentary Probe Committee during a debate on the damaging disclosures made by detained banker, Yunus Habib.
Political analysts said the rare show of unanimity of the otherwise bitter adversaries appeared to be directed at the military, which was suspected of being behind the disclosures as well as a beneficiary of Habib's fraudulent favours.
Habib is alleged to have used his banks to bankroll

15 MAY 1994
oliticians, rig the 1990 general elections and siphon off hore than $150 million to himself and powerful friends.
Federal Minister for Special Education Sher Afghan, who roposed the parliamentary probe, said the reality was even orse. Angry over the battering of politicians, many M.P.s emanded that other wielders of power being named in the andal should also be taken to task.
Sen. Malik Qasim, who heads a parliamentary committee gainst corruption, admitted that corruption is more extenve than anti-corruption and suggested that the armed orces should form internal morality committees to clear heir names.
A New Party in Punjab
he formation of a new political party, known as the hiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar), was announced inside the olden Temple complex here on May 1.
The party, which has been formed under the directions of he Akal Takht, has demanded an "independent sovereign ikh homeland.”
It has been formed after the merger of various Dal ctions like the Akali Dal (Panthic), the Kabul Dal, the ann Dal, the Babbar Akali Dal, the Manjit faction and the alwandi Dal.
Surjit Singh Barnala, a former Punjab Chief Minister ho announced the formation of the new party, said the fairs of the party will be run by a six-member committee.
According to the historic Amritsar declaration, dated lay one, 1994, the party demanded the formation of an dependent Sikh homeland for the Sikhs wherein the ommunity would be free to profess and propagate Sikhism ithout any interference from any quarter. The declaration aid this demand was nothing new but only reiterated the romises made to the Sikh leaders by the government of dia during the India-Pakistan partition.
The declaration said: “the Indian leaders had promised to he then Akali leaders an independent Sikh state, but this as never given and the Sikh community was betrayed. If he Indian government does not concede the demand, the kali Dal (Amritsar) would launch a struggle for its cceptance, it said.'
Top Kashmiri Militants Held
AMMU, Aprill 23.
he Jammu and Kashmir militants suffered a severe thack today, when Army search parties, in a morning woop, apprehended 13 of their top-ranking men.
According to an Army spokesman, Syed Ahmed Beg, lf-styled commander-in-Chief of the pro-Pakistan outfit, l Jehad and his deputy, self-styled commander-in-chief, [ohammad Ayub Lalu alias Biju Ustad, along with their ree bodyguards, all residents of Anantnag district were pprehended from their hide-outs in the outskirts of nantnag town early this morning.
Two others, claiming to be district and tehsil commanders another pro-Pakistani outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, were rested in Waripora area of Badgam district. Another strict commander of the Hizbul Mujahideen was pprehended from Sangrama area of the district. Their ames could not be ascertained, as they gave fictitious ones. Three more area commanders of the Hizbul Mujahideen ere apprehended by an Army raiding party from their ideout in Doda district of Jammu region. They were

Page 19
15 MAY 1994
responsible for abducting 11 persons gunning them down one after another in Doda, Bhaderwah and Kishtiwar towns of the district.
Two other area commanders' of the Allah Tigers were apprehended by Army authorities in Kargil area of the border district of Ladakh early this morning.
Protesters Demand Elections in Bangladesh
Two people were shot dead and nearly 50 injured, many by gunshots, when some 15,000 opposition activists marched to the government secretariat in Dhaka in defiance of a ban.
A shootout started between young militants from the Awami League, Bangladesh's main opposition party, and unidentified gunmen who burst onto the street while hundreds of riot police stood around.
We did not fire a single shot but two people were gunned down,' said one police officer at Kaptan Bazar, the scene of the shooting not far from the secretariat.
Hospitals said some 50 injured were brought in, 21 with bullet wounds, as a battle between police and protesters raged. It has been a hell of a bloody affair, said one doctor at Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
One of the injured, Mohammad Zakir, alleged that he was attacked by pro-government activists.
Earlier police fired at least 100 tear gas shells outside the office of the Awami League which organized the protest around the secretariat, witnesses said.
Protesters hurled dozens of home-made bombs in a running battle with police. One young man had his leg blown off.
The protest and a separate one near the Election Commission building were organized by the League and the opposition Jatiya Party to try to force the government of Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia to hold early elections.
The next general election is not due until March 1996. 弯 The government last week imposed a 24-hour ban on rallies and processions in the capital and deployed some 3,000 riot police and paramilitary soldiers around the city. The protest around the Election Commission building which the Jatiya Party of ousted President Hossain Mohammad Ershad was staging, was relatively peaceful, police and witnesses said.
They said some 10,000 people gathered near the building complaining that the commission was not neutral in recent polls.
Police stopped most of the marchers a short distance from the secretariat and the commission but some managed to push forward.
Government employees were asked to arrive at their offices at sunrise and tight security was in force for ministers,
The protesters called for Khaleda to quit, saying she had failed to control corruption and guarantee basic rights.
Protest by Kashmiri Groups
Kashmiri groups in London recently held demonstrations for two days against a Pakistani team of legislators that came to Britain to win support for the country's position on Kashmir.
A group of pro-independence Kashmiris protested outside the Pakistani consulate in Bradford, where the team members met supporters.
Earlier, a meeting that the team addressed in Birming

lessl sha TAMIL TIMES 19
s
ham was held up for two hours. Groups demanding independence for Kashmir wanted a flag of Kashmir raised alongside the Pakistani flag, and their demand was finally granted.
The Kashmiris were led by groups from the Jammu and Kashmir National Liberation Front, parent body of the J & K Liberation Front, and by the J & K National People's Party.
The team of four - members of the National Assembly - were led by Nasrullah Khan of the Pakistan Democratic Party. They were on a tour to campaign for a plebisicite in J & K following Pakistan's diplomatic setback at the United Nations Human Rights Conference in Geneva last month.
They were scheduled to go to Belgium, France, Germany, Austria, Sweden and Turkey.
In Britain, they met with Mark Lennox-Boyd, minister in charge of South Asia in the Foreign Office. A request for a meeting with Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd was said to have been denied.
The four also met with Members of Parliament, including Gary Waller, John Watts and Harry Greenway of the Conservative Pary, and Labourites Max Madden and Roger Godsiff.
The Pakistanis, who called themselves the Parliamentary Kashmir Committee of the Pakistan Government, reportedly asked for British intervention in Kashmir on the ground that the problem was a British legacy, but the request was rejected.
Lennox-Boyd was said to have told them that it was a problem for India and Pakistan to sort out under the 1972 Shimla agreement.
MPs Protest Against Namada Dam
NEW DELHI (UNI) - Several opposition Members of Parliament are among a range of prominent people who have appealed to Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao to intervene and stop construction of the Narmada Dam. They submitted a signed memorandum to him last week.
The protest movement against the Narmada Dam project entered its final stage on April 19 when hundreds of tribals from Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh launched an indefinite demonstration in New Delhi, demanding Rao's intervention.
Protest leader Medha Patkar told reporters that their cause had reached a crucial stage and there was no question of turning back now. The movement activists have sent a detailed memorandum to Rao and Environment Minister Kamal Nath.
Patkar warned the government that if it failed to concede their demands members of a suicide squad would lay down their lives in the dam catchment area when it is submerged during the coming monsoon.
On the second day of the protest, a signed memorandum was passed to the Prime Minister which warned that if the dam work went ahead it would bring shame on Indian society.'
Signatories included: Geeta Mukherjee, MP; Brahmanand Mondal, MP; Shanta Ram Potdukhe, former central finance minister of state (Congress); Rabi Ray, ex-Speaker of the Lok Sabha (Janata) and Raja Ram, general secretary of the Indian People's Front.
The launching of the Delhi protest coincided with a 'warning day observed by people from Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh who have been ordered to resettle.
Continued on page 20

Page 20
20 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 19
In their memorandum to the Prime Minister, the protest leaders said that the three state governments had chosen to go ahead with the construction of the project without waiting for the findings of the officially-appointed study group.
The protest leaders said that reports by the ministers of environment and forest and social welfare had concluded that conditions for rehabilitation of the dam oustees had been violated.
They also claimed that the Supreme Court had ordered the catchment area should not be submerged before a clear six months had passed to ensure proper rehabilitation of all those ousted from the dam area.
Rights of Mohajirs Abused
A member of the Pakistani Senate has brought to the notice of British MPs reported human rights abuses against Mohajirs in Pakistan.
The Senator, Nasreen Jalil, said at a meeting in the House of Commons on April 19 that about 25 million Mohajirs in Pakistan had been reduced to second-class citizens in their own country and they are subjected to the worst kind of atrocities and violations of human rights.
The meeting chaired by Bob Parry, Labour MP from Liverpool, was organized by the Afro Asian Solidarity Group, an independent think tank in London.
"The government of Pakistan always protests and raises its voice at the violation of human rights in Kashmir, Bosnia and other regions, Jalil said at the meeting. But the violence and atrocities being perpetrated on Mohajirs and the extent of inhuman treatment being meted out by the Pakistan government to Mohajirs is a disgrace.'
A military operation is continuing against the Mohajirs, she said, declaring, Loss of lives, property and harassment of MQM workers, office bearers and even sympathizers has been extensive. Hundreds of MQM workers have been killed in cold blood; thousands have been injured and maimed.
Mohajirs are a very large minority in Sindh but are being "forcibly pushed out of administration, establishment and politics, she said, and Mohajirs have become the 'victim of Pakistan People's Party parochial policies, revealing PPP as a Sindhi nationalist party.'
Giving details of discrimination, Jalil said Karachi, most of whose population consists of Mohajirs, contributes more than three-quarters of its income to the national treasurer but less than 1 percent is spent on the urban population. The urban areas contribute 90 percent of the income of Sindh but less than 5 percent of the money is spent on urban areas, she said.
The Benazir Bhutto government has taken several measures against Mohajirs, the senator said. For a population of 12 million in Karachi, there are only 598 seats in medical colleges. Of this, 40 percent has been reserved for students from other parts of Sindh, she said.
The government had created the new district of Malir, made up of scattered Sindhi-speaking pockets, she said,
while the capital of Sindh is being moved from Karachi to Malir.
Chinese Jets for Pakistan
Pakistan signed an agreement with China on April 9 to buy six K-8 training jets for its air force to replace U.S.-made T-37 trainers.

15 MAY 1994
The aircraft, developed jointly by China's Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Company and the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, can be used for both basic and advanced training. - -
The K-8 costs $3 million for a similar American plane, said Lin Gumin, president of the China National AeroTechnology import and Export Corporation.
It is China's first overseas sale of the aircraft. Lin said China hoped to sell 300 to 500 of the planes over the next few years, adding that the K-8 cost a quarter of the price of equivalent planes currently available elsewhere.
It is not a purchase contract, in fact it is the first step towards the culmination of a joint venture that we started in 1986 with our time-tested friends across the Karakoram mountain range, Defence Production Secretary Mazhar Rafi said after the signing ceremony.
Pakistan already manufactures some parts for the K-8 and plans to produce 25 percent by the end of this year and to raise that to 45 percent in the next two years.
Islamabad may replace its FT-5 advanced trainers with the K-8, Rafi said. “We are hopeful that K-8 aircraft will be sold in the international market because of its competitive price,” Lin told reporters.
Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Algeria have expressed interest in buying the K-8, and negotiations are under way, Lin said.
No Terrorism Against Friends
ISLAMABAD - Pakistan's National Assembly passed a bill on April 28 making acts of terrorism against the governments of friendly countries a criminal offense.
Such activities create misapprehensions and affect our relations with friendly countries, Interior Minister Naseerullah Babar was quoted by the official APP news agency as having told the house.
He did not cite examples, but his comments appeared to refer to complaints by several Arab states that their Muslim militant nationals planned operations against them while in Pakistan.
Babar said the bill amended two sections of the penal code to provide punishment for 'destabilizing the governments of friendly countries.'
Thousands of Arabs came to Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province to help the mujahideen guerrillas in Afghanistan in their 14-year civil war against the Sovietbacked government which fell in Kabul in 1992.
Pakistan has been under pressure from Arab states, particularly Algeria, Egypt and Saudi Arabia to expel the militants. Since early last year, it has told Arabs staying in the country without valid papers to leave or face arrest.
Government officials say the policy is not to allow Pakistani territory to become a haven for extremists wishing to operate against other countries.
The new bill must be passed also by the Senate (upper house) to become law.
Pakistan's existing laws did not define terrorist activities aimed at destabilising friendly countries as a criminal offense.
Doubts Over Indo-Bangla Treaty
DHAKA - The renewal of the Indo-Bangla Friendship Treaty signed after Bangladesh's liberation in 1971 is facing an uncertain future with the ruling party parrying the issue and the opposition against it.
Foreign Minister A.S.M. Mostafizur Rahman refused to make any direct comment on the ruling Bangladesh

Page 21
15 MAY 1994
Nationalist Party's position regarding the renewal of the treaty which will expire on March 18, 1996.
“We still have time. We will think over it (renewal), Rahman told journalists who pressed him for comments during a briefing on the recent remarks of Mrs. Sheikh Hasina, chief of the opposition Awami League, regarding the renewal question. Asked if the 25-year-old treaty was still operative, he said “no comment.
Late last month Hasina told a group of journalists from the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries that, if returned to power, the Awami League would not renew the treaty which was signed on March 19, 1972, by her father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
Hasina said there had been a lot of changes in global politics and after the establishment of SAARC and the signing of the SAPTA Accord, "the Awami League does not feel it necessary to renew the treaty.
The same opinion was expressed by A.M.S. Kibria, member of the Advisory Council of the Awami League and former foreign secretary and Abul Hassan the Party's international affairs secretary.
"We have always felt the treaty has served its purpose very well. The initial dangers and threats to the security of the newly independent state, from both internal and external sources, are no longer there. Under the changed international and regional situation, we feel that the renewal of the treaty is not necessary, they said.
The signing of the treaty irked the right-wing and fundamentalist forces in Bangladesh who still brand the Awami League as an Indian stooge. Observers here feel the party had to pay dearly for signing the treaty as it has faced electoral debacles due to an adverse campaign against it.
Hasina refuted the allegations that it was 'a treaty of slavery. She said questions were raised in Parliament time and again on the treaty, but all the foreign ministers under slain president Ziaur Rahman, deposed President Gen. Hussain Muhammad Ershad and present Prime Minister Khaleda Zia admitted in Parliament that it was a friendship treaty.
Since the five-year-term of the BNP government ends on Feb. 29 and the friendship treaty expires on March 18, 1996, it has to take a clear stand on the treaty because it could become a major election issue.
Aid Package for Kashmir
The government of India has alloted Rs. 2 billion ($65 million) to help restore the economy and infrastructure of Jammu and Kashmir, which is entering its fifth summer of militancy.
Official sources said the funds would be used to repair damaged bridges, rebuild primary schools and restore health centres in the valley and elsewhere in the state.
The package was recommended by a team of experts from the Prime Minister's office, headed by K.R. Venugopal, who visited the state to assess the damage wreaked by terrorism.
Officials had assured the state administration that funds were no problem in the ultimate aim of restoring normalcy. The main thrust of the funding will be on rural development, for which Rs. 1.2 billion ($40 million) is earmarked, and a substantial amount has been allotted for restoring the primary health-care structure.
About 400 schools have been damaged in terrorist attacks, of which the centre will finance the rebuilding of 163 primary schools, providing jobs as well.
In the village industries sector, the state will get a

TAMIL TIMES 21
subsidy of Rs. 10 million, which is expected to create 10,000 jobs in an effort to wean youths from militancy.
The Centre has also agreed to build two slaughterhouses in the valley and another in the Jammu region.
The team has sanctioned establishing five village-level, food-processing training centres for canning and fruit juice.
On health care, it favours setting up a cobalt unit in Srinagar and replacing damaged hospital equipment quickly.
China to Recognise Sikkim's Accession to India
Nineteen years after Sikkim became India's 22nd state, the Chinese have indicated that they are ready to change their previous position of opposition to the merger.
Chang Ruisheng, the Chinese Ambassador in India, said on April 20 in Calcutta that Beijing was considering official recognition of the 1975 merger of Sikkim with India.
In a news conference in Calcutta, Chang said that both India and China had agreed last year to maintain peace and tranquility along their borders. He said: "We have already opened a trade route and are actively considering another traditional trade route via Kalimpong (in north-west Bengal bordering Sikkim).
The recognition of Sikkim, a horseshoe shaped state which borders West Bengal in the south, would be a further step along the road to better Sino-Indian relations.
Beijing had challenged India's territorial rights over Sikkim ever since Indira Gandhi's 1975 decision to make the tiny Himalayan protectorate' a state in the republic. Despite its small size, Sikkim holds strategic significance as it has always been the gateway to Tibet. The merger allowed India to push forward its frontiers.
The Chinese historical claims over Sikkim date back to the end of the 16th century when the Tibetans began colonizing the state. The Tibetan Namgyal dynasty went on to rule Sikkim for three centuries. During this time many Nepalis also settled in Sikkim so that the native Lepchas became a minority. In fact in the Nepali language Sikkim means 'a new place.'
In a 1991 census of Sikkim, which at that time had a poulation of 405,505, Nepalis formed 70 percent of the people, while Lepchas and Tibetans made up most of the remainder. The Lepchas and Tibetans there are Buddhists, while the Nepalis are mainly Hindus.
Chinese sovereignty over Sikkim ended in 1861, when the British sent troops to the state and forced the ruler's son to sign a treaty accepting British rule. In 1888 the British pushed the Tibetan army out of Sikkim. In 1890 Sikkim's borders were defined and the Chinese rulers of Tibet recognized British control over the state.
After independence in 1947, India succeeded to the British rights in Sikkim. In 1949 Sikkim became a protectorate of India and then, under a 1950 agreement, Sikkim's defense, communications and foreign affairs became the responsibility of India.
Sikkim's rulers continued to hold de facto control of the state, which led to a long campaign for democracy by the peasantry. This culminated in a law adopted in 1973 which reduced the Sikkim ruler to a mere constitutional head.
But it was not until April 1975 that the people of Sikkim were able to participate fully in the mainstream of Indian politics. Although Beijing challenged the merger, the stance became more subdued after Rajiv Gandhi's visit to China. Prime Minister Narasimha Rao's Beijing trip last September contributed significantly to improving Sino-Indian relations.

Page 22
22 TAMIL TIMES
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Page 23
15 MAY 1994
O Furore OVer GA
by T.N.Gopalan
The new General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade might already have been signed at Marrakesh, and a new international trade regime may well be in the offing. One could almost hear international cartels Smacking their lips, sharpening their knives and readying to go for the jugular of the developing countries, at least that is how the GATT critics would view the shape of things to come. And so it is going to be not all that easy for the governments concerned to make their respective citizens accept the GATT and all that goes with it.
Though there has not been much of a controversy, or even discussion on the Dunkel proposals - now enshrined in the new agreement - in the neighbouring countries, in India a furious debate has been raging Over the entire gamut of the issues involved.
The ruling party stands almost isolated, with the entire opposition, cutting across party barriers, vehemently denouncing the treaty as anti-people and anti-Third World. The basic thrust of their charge is that the Narasimha Rao Government has unilaterally, arbitrarily, shamefully and needlessly surrendered the country's sovereignty at the altar of political expediency and that the touted gains of the treaty are more dubious or even imaginary than real.
Not havingtaken the Indian parliament into confidence before signing on the dotted line and ignored the suggestions of a parliamentary committee which went into the Dunkel proposals at length, the Rao Government is finding itself with its back to the wall in defending the treaty. Pandemonium is breaking out in both the houses of parliament repeatedly, and anti-Dunkel rallies are the order of the day in most parts of the country.
Unlike in any other country in this part of the world, the anti-West thrust, a strong distrust over the distaste for anything emanating from the Occident, a legacy of the militant freedom struggle led by a personality like Mahatma Gandhi, continues to have its own hold on the Indian psyche. No surprise then that the GATT-related issues have hogged the headlines in the media and dominated the political discourse
here for the last
SO.
The Oppositio by subjecting itse national regime would be left wi decide its own subsidy, pricing O tion of seeds a Security system with the public ( coming under th More than most, around the possib sidies now enjoy fertilizers espe adverse fall-out o
While the gove point to the fact enjoyed by farm and that no natio afford to cut dow thereby trying to community that abolition of or re. sidies now made its attempts to possible ill-effect do not seem to ca many. The Dunk effect, prevent bartering or sel seeds used by t right enjoyed by immemorial. The the more iniquit the fact that the c have taken aw; thousands of ge from countries lil order, of course, yielding seeds. Th has never been plasm thus take have helped on fight all kinds of the West - and expect the farme developed those cades to now product, simply has scaled comm science and tec ruthless exploita world resources no small measu made by the Wes
What is going drug prices is an cern. By agreein process patenting ing, the governm paved the way f even quadrupling drugs.

1 AMIL ji Mes 23
ATT
couple of months or
n is charging that lf to the new inter, the government th no authority to bolicies relating to if drugs and protecnd that the food would go haywire listribution system e GATT discipline. fears here centre le cut-down in subed by farmers, on 2cially, and the fpatenting seeds.
2rnment could only that subsidies are ers the world over in in the west could n on the subsidies, assure the farming there would be no duction in the subavailable to them, explain away the s of seed-patenting rry conviction with el proposals Will, in the farmers from ling the patented hem, a traditional r them from time measure looks all ous in the light of leveloped countries ay hundreds and rmplasm varieties ke India at will, in to develop highe developing world paid for the germin away - which many occasions to plant diseases in how fair is it to rs who had in fact genes over the depay for the endbecause the West anding heights in hnology. Again a tion of the third had contributed in re to the strides t.
to happen to the other area of cong to switch from to product patentent seems to have or the tripling or of a variety of
(Confining the patenting to the process of manufacture of a drug has enabled local manufacturers to produce the same product through a different route on their own, without having to pay any royalty to the Original inventors).
Even otherwise the drug pricing policy is all skewed and gives a lot of leeway to the international companies to manipulate the drug prices to their advantage. Now in the changed situation the prices of a variety of drugs are bound to soar to very high levels.
This the government does concede reluctantly but defends itself by saying that not many drug varieties are covered by the patenting system and that anyway the government has the right to control the prices of life-saving medicines, if necessary. And one has this gem from Commerce Minister Pranab Mukherjee during a TV interview - if the prices go up too steeply for the Indian consumer, inevitably there will be consumer resistance, and the manufacturer would, in turn, be forced to reduce the prices to acceptable levels
The pro-GATT lobby, though not so convincing or vocal or popular, still uses the media in a big way to put across its viewpoints. While the centre is administering a heavy dosage of its GATT propaganda through the controlled electronic media, the print media too is by and large dismissive of the Dunkel critics as either being woolly-eyed or even atavistic. The global trade is going to Zoom up by leaps and bounds, and India too, what with its recent liberalisation measures, is sure to carve out a share for itself in the boom. There could be some hiccups in the process, but there is no way we can remain isolated in this unipolar world of ours, the pundits seem to say.
Now it is difficult to either dismiss the opposition's aprehensions as motivated and unfounded or to view the entire episode as a "Gattastrophe' or that nation-govu. i.iments would stand reduced to the level of "glorious municipalities'.
It could perhaps be right to say that binding multilateral treaties which open up new and expanded trade avenues are much more reliable for achieving a larger presence in global markets than the alternative of hundreds of bilateral compacts which might involve consid
Continued on page 24

Page 24
24 TAMIL i mls
Continued from page 23
erations other than economic factors.
The very fact that a mighty country like China, with all its newfound economic might, is still desperately knocking at the doors of the GATT does go to show which way the wind is blowing.
But then the question is whether the Narasimha Rao Government is acting in good faith or is it merely knuckling under pressure without a thought for the interests of its own people?
After all for three years since the Uruguay round of talks kicked offin 1986 India had to put up a stiff fight on issues like intellectual property rights and the entry of multinationals into the services sector and been a rallying point for the other developing countries. Even af. ter the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe, India could have stood up for its rights and sought to extract some major concessions from the West for the ground it was conceding in patent issues and the like.
But see what has happened. One of the much touted gains of the new treaty for the developing countries is the almost totally unrestricted flow of textile goods to the West, flowing from the phased dismantling of the multi-fibre arrangement which prescribes quotas for the exporting countries. The US and its allies have bluntly refused to shorten this phase by five years as demanded by the developing world. The ten year limit still holds.
Meanwhile the US has raised some new issues like the labour standards, meaning the wage levels and working conditions.
Feeling increasingly threatened by possible massive imports of cheap manufactured goods from the developing world, the US and its allies are now demanding that the former be compelled to adopt minimum labour standards. From here to discussion of other social and civil issues like human rights is not a long step. Ultimately the West could raise a new series of trade barriers offsetting whatever gains that could be accruing from the new GATT. So then even before the MFA is dismantled new barriers could be in place.
Naturally the developing world is furious. The G-15 summit which met recently in New Delhi - it was actually a six-nation summit -
urged its trading par from actions which effect of unravellin negotiated balance o tions and interests O Final Act, thus je global system.' And t more forthright re. the summit deliberal
Mr. Pranab Muk while addressing the Marrakesh minister clared that while la were a matter of im could not brook att linkages (between tr conditions).
He also pointed ou issue of the impact policies on the tradi yet to be grappled W. community.
India, with a hug tific manpower at hoping against hope scheme of things a centage of this segr
MaSSİ
Human rights are tra massive scale in Pakis domestic and inter groups, despite Islam concern for civil libert
Human rights abus and widespread, the Commission of Pakist in a report, with the being women, childrer
Law enforcement ag and brazenly tortur rape women prisoner out extrajudicial mu dismissed as deaths in are responsible for grc ances in Pakistan, it (
It may seem pretty with the assertions t rights situation in Pa bad as it was befol newspaper of Islama editorial. But it is eq difficult to disagree that the violations o continue in (Pakistan daily added.
Statistics compiled groups in Pakistan re ture:
In 1993, for exam people died in the cus other security agenci ple (incuding some pc so-called encounters.

5 MAY 1994
tners "to refrain would have the g the carefully frights, obligaif parties in the opardising the here have been actions outside tions too.
herjee himself, plenary of the ial meeting, debour standards portance, India empts to force ade and labour
t that the wider of immigration ing system was ith by the world
e trained scienits disposal, is that in the new significant perment could find
its way to the developed world, the current restrictions on immigration simply crumbling in the face of the new forces unleashed at Marrakesh. But the West is not moving an inch in this sphere, and the developing world is disappointed and frustrated.
If the developing countries could put up a fight now over such issues, could it not have done so in other equally important matters too?
The developed world, especially the US, is unabashedly promoting its own business interests in the garb of a new and more rational order. It has always done so anyway, and it is for the rest to ensure that they are not forced to sacrifice their own respective national interests in the process.
As Mr. Madhu Limaye, the veteran socialist, has commented, it is indeed a cruel world and India's options are limited. But it is the brave and the clever who will inherit this new world, and not the meek.
ve Rights Abuses
in Pakistan
mpled upon on a tan, according to national rights abad’s unending ies in Kashmir. ses are rampant Human Rights an (HRCP) said worst sufferers and minorities.
gencies routinely e suspects and 's in jails, carry Lrders that are encounters, and owing disappeardeclared.
hard to disagree hat the human ikistan is not as re, the Muslim. bad said in an ually if not more with the HRCP f human rights ), the influential
by human rights eveal a grim pic
ple, at least 52 stody of police or es, and 183 peolicemen) died in
A woman was raped every three hours in Pakistan, and every fourth raped woman was gang raped. The fact that Pakistan's prime minister is a woman does not seem to have helped the situation improve.
The Muslim said that in an increasing number of cases, influential people were involved on the crime side.
A commentary in the Frontier Post newspaper added that the Pakistani state, instead of putting an end to the growing rights violations, had chosen the wrong side. It said the state had not only provided a legal cover to human rights violations but, in many instances, those entrusted with the protection of the populace were actively involved in its victimization.
The U.S. State Department, in its annual report to Congress in February, came down heavily on the abuses in Pakistan, reserving its harshest criticism for the status of women under detention. The 36-page report quoted government figures to say that 660 people have died in Pakistani jails in the last five years.
There were also monitors concerning prisoners' deaths while in police custody, including reports of instances in which prisoners alleged to have been killed in shootouts probably died as a result of police torture, the report said. It said torture was routinely

Page 25
15 MAY 1994
practiced in Pakistan. Police and jailers use force to elicit confessions and compel persons under detention to incriminate others, it asserted.
The forms of torture include beating, whipping the soles of the feet with rubber whips and sexual assault, the American report said. When deaths result, suicide or natural causes are the commonly offered explanation, it said. It said Pakistan, which has not ratified 17 of the 25 United Nations human rights conventions, had made no significant effort to reform the police or judicial systems or to prosecute and punish those responsible for abuses. As a result, the report said arbitrary detention, arrest, torture and other abuse of prisoners and detainees continued to be a serious problem.
The report said women prisoners were reportedly coerced by police officers to trade sexual favours for their release, while other women were simply raped. Government efforts to bring an end to sexual abuse by the police have had little effect, it said, while police accused of abuse are seldom tried or punished.
The London-based Amnesty International made similar charges in a report released in December. Torture, including rape, in the custody of police, para-military and armed forces is endemic in Pakistan, often leading to death, it said. Extrajudicial executions by, or with the approval of, the authorities are rife, and some prisoners have disappeared in custody. Members of these (security) forces have been allowed to torture and kill with impunity, it added.
Amnesty said torture was used by the police in Pakistan to obtain confessions, punish, humiliate, intimidate and terrorize, and added that the majority of those held in police or military custody were exposed to some form of torture or ill-treatment.
It said it had spoken to dozens of victims who had been blindfolded, beaten with sticks and leather truncheons, kicked with heavy boots, had their legs pulled apart painfully, their genitals beaten or damaged by heavy metal or wooden rollers, burned with cigarettes or given electric shocks.
Many victims say they were hung upside down, a summary of the Amnesty report said. Others have been stripped and dragged naked through the streets by jeep. Yet others have been deprived of food and sleep for long periods or subjected to mock execution. Female prisoners frequently have been raped, and then threatened with criminal charges if they reported the rape.
Amnesty said th ment itself was r political parties al opponents as well their own party, it
The London-bas appearances were Pakistan. It added instances when po to hide the eviden
Army personnel have sided with ru have killed defen their behalf.
Ove
The Bharatiya Ja ried about the legi pact of the unseati Parliament from T tra, Mr. Ram Kaps of the Bombay Hig prefer to remain s happens to the app Supreme Court.
The Bombay Hig set aside the electio Ram Kapse to the l Thane constituenc tions, holding him under Section 123, (3-a) of the Rep. People Act.
Giving his rulin petition filed by Mr the Congress(I), Agrawal said: "If O. Parliament, one n provisions of Sectio sentation of the Pe
The Judge held bhra — who had ap an election rally ol vote for Prof. Kap Hindu religion - h an election offen 123(3) of the Act. what was said by ti the consent of Prof
Mr. Justice Aga pleas of Prof. Kal bhra and Mr. Pra material facts and been mentioned in the show cause not
Although a few have earlier lost Maharashtra Asse court verdicts, this MP has been foun practice of using r vote count, for viol of the Representa Act.

TAMIL TIMES sa
e Pakistani governot to blame. Some so tortured political as dissidents within said. ed group said disa grave problem in that there had been lice killed prisoners e of torture.
are also known to ral landlords and to celess villagers on
Benazir Bhutto's Pakistan People’s party, which took power in October, had promised during the election campaign to ban torture and enforce international standards of human rights.
Amnesty, however, said, "Such promises are perpetually made by parties before elections...and then nothing happens. We hope the new government did not just make these promises to gain votes, but has real intentions to combat Pakistan's poor human rights record.
(Courtesy of India Abroad).
UP Put in a Fix r "Use of Religion'
nata Party is woral and political imng of its Member of hane in Maharashe, through a verdict h Court, but would ilent and see what eal it plans to file in
h Court on 15 April in of the BJP's Prof. Lok Sabha from the y in the 1991 elec
guilty of offences sub-sections (3) and resentation of the
ng on an election '. Harbans Singh of Mr. Justice A.C. ne wanted to enter nust abide by the n 123 of the Repreople Act.”
hat Sadhvi Ritampealed to voters at May 21, 1991, to se in the name of ad also committed ce under Section He observed that he Sadhvi was with . Kapse. rwal negatived the se, Sadhvi Ritammod Mahajan that particulars had not the petition and in ice issued to them.
Shiv Sena MILAs their seats in the mbly as a result of is the first time an d guilty of corrupt eligion to raise his tion of section 123 ;ion of the People
Senior party leaders are especially worried as this case is being seen in the context of the Supreme Court verdict by a nine-judge bench on March 11 upholding the dismissal of the erstwhile BJP Governments following the events in Ayodhya on December 6, 1992.
The Apex Court had categorically said that “religion and politics cannot be mixed' and that "any State Government which pursues unsecular policies or unsecular course of action, acts contrary to the constitutional mandate and renders itself amenable to action under Article 356. In other words, unsecular acts by a State Government would make it liable to be dismissed.
These judicial verdicts have come in quick succession and the party is concerned enough to have constituted a 20-member group consisting of its prominent members, who have a legal background, to study in detail the Supreme Court judgment in the case of dismissing State Governments.
In fact it is believed that one of the reasons for the attempt by the party leaders to broaden its definition of Hindutva to include the minorities, to speak a little less aggressively on the Ram temple issue, is the fear of the judiciary.
The recent reticence of the BJP on the Ayodhya issue and the aggressiveness of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad on the same issue is part of the RSS policy to keep BJP on the right side of the law on this issue, while allowing the VHP and the ‘sants” to talk about the religious issue.
Did not the BJP's assertion that the Ram temple must be built at the very site where the disputed Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid stood amount to contempt of court since the matter was subjudice? To this the spokesperContinued on page 26

Page 26
26 TAM TIMES
| TAMIL, NADU
Gopalasamy Steal a March OVer DM
by T.N. Gopalan
By successfully arranging a massive rally in Madras on April 17, the DMK's rebel leader V. Gopalasamy (Vai. Go), has established his credibility as a mass leader beyond doubt.
It is not as if organising huge rallies in the city is some kind of a passport to Fort St. George, the seat of government in the State of Tamil Nadu. Far from it. Even if the number of rallyists runs to several lakhs, it would still constitute a microscopic minority of the total electorate. And financial inducements play an important part in mobilising volunteers for rallies. Having said that, it must be admitted that the turn-out in rallies does, in a way, reflect the mass-base of the sponsor.
It is in such a context one can say with confidence that Vai. Go has now emerged as a leader of considerable importance in the State. There were quite a few impressive things about the rally; first and foremost the sheer number of the participants - difficult to hazard a guess, but should be in the region of 15 to 20 lakhs, it is felt. It took nearly 10 hours for the entire rally to wendits way from one end of the city to the marina, traversing a distance of nearly 10 km. Mr. Gopalasamy and other senior leaders reviewed the parade from a specially erected dais. It was almost 5am the next day (April 18) when he took the floor. The audience, drawn from all over the state, dispersed only after Mr. Gopalasamy completed his speech, around 6am.
Secondly the composition - an overwhelming majority of the ral
Continued from page 25 son said that it would be contempt to say this once a court verdict was given. But till then we are free to express our views, he added.
He felt that even though the Supreme Court was hearing the presidential reference on the Ayodhya case, any party would have to spell out clearly its stand on this issue. "Any delay (in a decision) in such sensitive matters can create further complications.'
lyists were very you even say too young useful for Vai.Go! should plump for the er in such a big w jitters in the Karun not in Ms. Jayalalith
Thirdly, in a cle carry the middle c media with him, th steered clear of any the LTTE, whether made or slogans ra placards and floats procession. And, as the propaganda tha soft on Ms. Jayala latter was financing big way, Mr. Gopal unequivocally that government was hi "Our enemy is the Al ment that is destro The Chief Minister right to continue in
In his hour-long si raise the Lankan is (But it did not prev Dr. Subramaniam charging that the T only funding the Va had actually sent acr its cadres to be at ha ing the rally and, p the campaign for th elections to follow.)
Finally he was snook at both the ju official DMK by ma carry the red-black rent body in a blatan interim injunction Court. On a petiti general secretary the Court had restra faction from either DMK or its flag. A injunction related or flag with its prescri breadth, Vai. Go ma tions in the measur the flag of altered ried at the rally. Of c say that he represe but he said that he the legacy of Mr. C the founder of the D

15 MAY 1994
S {
ng, some would to be electorally That the youth "dissident leaday should send anidhi camp, if ha's. ver attempt to lasses and the e Vai.Go group Overt support to in the speeches ised or in the carried in the if to repudiate the was going litha since the his efforts in a asamy declared removal of her s first priority. ADMK governying the State. has no moral office, he said.
beech he did not
SSle eVel OC6. ent the likes of
Swamy from igers were not i.Go group, but oss a number of and for organiserhaps even in e Assembly by
able to cock a diciary and the king his cadres
flag of the paut defiance of the of the High on from DMK K. Anbazhagan, ined the Vai. Go using the name rguing that the ly to the official bed length and de some alteraements and had proportions car‘ourse he did not nted the DMK, was carrying on .IN. Annadurai, MK.
Though Mr. Karunanidhi and others with him had made some threatening noises, that there would be violent clashes if the rallyists carried the party flag, nothing much happened. Perhaps they found it wise to keep away from trouble. But "retribution' was not long in coming for the dissidents. Mr. R. Ezhumalai, a head of the Madras district unit, was hacked to death by some unidentified elements. The needle of suspicion should point to Mr. Karunanidhi's followers, but the latter has hotly denied the charge.
Some DMK-men are trying to console themselves by harking back to another rally they had taken out in the city only a couple of months ago and surely larger in size. What they do not want to admit is that for a party formed hardly five months agoto come up with such an astonishing show as Vai. Go's is indeed a great achievement.
But then elections are the right crucible to decide issues. Two are due now - on May 26 in Mylapore and Perundurai Assembly constituencies.
AIADMK-Cong-i relationship: Meanwhile the relationship between the Cong-I and the AIADMK is steadily deteriorating, and this is bound to have its own impact on the outcome of the by-elections, perhaps even on holding them. If the Cong-I, jettisoned as it has been by the AIADMK and not having the gumption to strike an alliance with the DMK for various reasons, wants to forestall an encore of the PalaniRanipet debacles, it could manoeuvre to have the current elections too postponed, say by six months at least in the first instance.
Ms. Jayalalitha herself is, confidence (or shall we say arrogance) personified - she has already announced her party's candidates for both the constituencies and is currently engaged in a fierce battle of words with the Centre. Never mind the more discerning among the middle classes are amused (some even annoyed) by her periodical hysterical outbursts, she herself is determined to make her point.
In the current budget session of the state legislative Assembly, she has variously accused the Centre of stage-managing high-way robberies to destabilise her government () and of getting the RAW (The Research and Analysis Wing, an intelligence agency) to maintain clandestine links with the Tigers, in order to

Page 27
15 MAY 1994
ensure a safe passage for Prime Minister Narasimha Rao during his visit to the United Kingdom recently. She had spoken of a RAW conspiracy last year too in connection with the escape of some accused in the Padmanabha murder case - of course she has not bothered to substantiate her allegations.
The Centre has confined itself to dismissing such accusations as "not very responsible'. But the Cong-I legislature party has been kicking up a big row, but not to any great effect. The moment they raise or seek to raise any issue which could be considered reflecting on the Chief Minister, the Speak r springs to his feet, chides them for their "unbecoming behaviour' and orders them to resume their seats, leaving them no option but to walk out.
The opposition in Tamil Nadu is finding it increasingly difficult to force discussions on matters found unpalatable by the ruling party. Many time-honoured conventions in this regard are presently at a discount. In a desperate move some Congress MLAS leaders have gone on an “indefinite fast' to protest against the unfair rulings of the Speaker.
Interestingly just a day before she tilted at the Centre for a spate of robberies in the State, the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister had blamed the Lankan Tamil refugees for all the problems on the law and order front. If only they were all repatriated, things could be much better, she felt and regretted that the Centre was not responding to her requests in this regard too very enthusiastically. Fortunately the villain in the scheme of things changed the very next day, and nothing much came of the damning of the refugee community.
Support for the refugees was not lacking nevertheless. In a statement issued to the Press subsequently, 50-odd intellectuals, lawyers, journalists, writers and Tamil scholars, including Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer, noted writer Komal Swaminathan, Prof. Maa Nannan and poet Perunchithiranaar expressed their dismay over Ms. Jayalalitha's hostile attitude towards the Lankan Tamil refugees and noted the overwhelming number of the refugees, put up in various camps, found their movements subjected to all sorts of restrictions and there was no way they could indulge in any crimes. A majority of the 30,000 refugees living on their own were relatively men
of means, and it they could take t cule number, per from the ranks of the ones involved other. But to dan munity for the ac extremely unfai pointed out and c ernment to come statistics on the that the actual ex ment of the refu crimes committed be made known pleaded against á riation till normal island.
Assem
of L
M
The Tamil Nadu adopted a resolutio) to take all legal ste the ban on the LT for a further perioc
The Chief Minist who moved the res. heavily on the Cen any action so far o ated requests in thi taking the decision national sovereignt passing the buck t said.
The resolution majority, with the Opposition boycotti a group of four me participated in the DMK-I member w House after some e members belonging MGRADMK were CPI, the CPI(M), U bers endorsed ther
Ms. Jayalalitha Prime Minister, M Rao, had not uttere LTTE ban when t was throwing a cha try's sovereignty an Rajiv Gandhi not lo
On the contrary, Mr. S.B. Chavan, y little too much' had recent visit to Mad Government need for extension of the for this was unnece However, four mo since Tamil Nadu w seeking extension o

TAMIL TIMES 27
was inconceivable crimes. A minislaps the drop-outs the militants were in some crimes or in the entire comtions of a few was , the statement hallenged the gov
out with precise crime situation so ent of the involvegee youth in the in the State would to all. They also ny further repatcy resumed in the
Only the previous week DMK President M. Karunanidhi had threatened to unleash a statewide all-party agitation if the State did not desist from harassing the refugees. He was speaking in a function got up to mark the 96th birth anniversary of Mr. Chelvanayakam. Indian Union Muslim League Leader Abdus Samad, United Communist Party of India’s T. Pandian and representatives of the Cong-I and the Janata Party were among those who paid homage to the multifaceted personality of Mr. Chelvanayakam and raised their voices against the injustices meted out to the Lankan Tamil refugees.
bly Adopts Extension TE Ban Resolution
1ADRAS, April 20.
Assembly today n urging the Centre aps for extension of TE beyond May 14 l of two years.
er, Ms. Jayalalitha, olution, came down ntre for not taking in the State's repes regard. Instead of in the interest of ty, the Centre was o Tamil Nadu, she
was passed by a main Congress(I) ng the House while mbers of the party proceedings. The valked out of the xchanges while the to the DMK-II and not present. The CPI and RPI memesolution.
wondered why the r. P.V. Narasimha 2d a syllable' on the he militant group lenge to the counld had assassinated
ng ago. the Home Minister, who often spoke a declared during a tras that the State write only a letter ban. A resolution ssary, he had said. inths had elapsed wrote to the Centre if the ban.
In response to queries from the Union Home Ministry on the State's request, details had been furnished three times during March-April. The IG of the Tamil Nadu Special Investigating Team. Mr. P.C. Pant, held discussions with the Home Ministry officials and presented enough details to prepare a Cabinet note. However, no progress had been achieved on the State's request for extension of the ban. Mr. Chavan was making comments as if he did not know about the letter written by the State to the Centre.
"There is apprehension whether the Centre is vacillating on the LTTE issue, she said.
Mr. Chavan was also reported to have “sermonised’ that the State itself could ban the LTTE without asking the Centre to do it. The State had scrutinised all the available laws indepth and concluded that there was no provision available to it to impose the ban. Even the section under the Criminal Law Amendment Act which defined “unlawful assembly' was held invalid by the Supreme Court.
If Tamil Nadu enacted a new legislation to declare the LTTE as unlawful, it would have effect only within the State. The Tigers were well entrenched in Europe and America and the Central intelligence agencies knew this well as it was they who advised her against going abroad when she wanted to seek foreign industrial investment.
The Centre had also acknowledged the tentacles of the LTTE spreading to
Continued on page 28

Page 28
28 TAMIL TIMES
BOOK REVIEW
Pangs of Proximity - India and Sri Lanka's
S.D. Muni Chairman, Centre for Central and S.E. A. Pacific Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru Univers
Reviewed by N.N. Jha, formerly India's High Commissioner to Sri L
Lessons in handling Indo-Sri Lanka relat
Prof. S.D. Muni's book represents a very important contribution to the history of India-Sri Lanka relations in the crucial period 1983 to 1990. His book contains very little verbiage and concentrates on hard facts and analysis.
The author has very well highlightd former President J.R. Jayewardene's inability to comprehend the seriousness of the Tamil issue. The former President emphasised the role of opportunities in education, employment and exercise of language rights rather than address himself to the all important question of devolution of power. It is in fact quite likely that history may well be harsh on J.R.J. for having missed the golden opportunity to resolve the Tamil issue once and for all when he and his party were returned to power in 1977 with a 5/6th majority in Parliament. Strongly placed as he was he could have, at
least, ensured tha colonisation schem the Eastern Prov, abeyance.
Gener
It may be a pecu - in this case Sinha that the elite can most communal another communit “Lanka it was per able because of th country and, se nationalism in tha independence inste This fact, howeve another very imp namely, that the equally difficult to clergy and staunc own faith, also. TI Premadasa was a and enjoyed a grea
Continued from page 27
other States and militant outfits. When it was known that the Sri Lankan group had established a big network in the country, what was the mystery behind asking the State Government to impose the ban, she asked. Asserting that the LTTE had been rooted out from Tamil Nadu despite the security threat to her, Ms. Jayalalitha said if the Centre failed to impose the nationwide ban what was the guarantee that the militants would not function from Pondicherry, Karaikal, Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra coast besides other States.
The state was calling for the ban to safeguard the national interest. If the Centre fails to do it, the unity, integrity and sovereignty of the country could be shattered by the militant group,' she warned.
O Centre Backs Ban
The Centre will extend its full support to the Tamil Nadu Government in combating the LTTE, the Union Minister of State for Internal Security,
Mr. Rajesh Pilot, a 24 April.
Talking to rep advised the Tamil ter, Ms. Jayalalit about the Centre's efforts. "She should the LTTE without : root it out from t said.
The Minister saic categorical stateme expressed in certair Centre's stand agai weak. The Centre ing the efforts of 1 ment in combating trying to forge a anti-national organi and the ISI besides
Mr. Pilot wanted Government to sh battle against the merely issuing state that after a meetin litha he had given tional paramilitary Tigers. "I am waitin the Government is that the LTTE ha from India, he said

15 MAY 1994
Ethnic Crisis
sia and South ity.
anka.
ions
it resettlement or es of Sinhalese in nce were held in
ations
liarly South Asian lese — phenomenon often entertain the
feeling towards 7. In the case of Sri haps more notice2 small size of the !condly, because t country followed ad of preceding it. r, tends to ignore ortant proposition, same elite finds it
interact with the h members of its he late President
notable exception ater understanding
innounced here on
orters, Mr. Pilot Nadu Chief Minisha, not to worry backing for her act harshly against any hesitation and he Indian soil, he
he was making a nt to clear doubts quarters that the nst the LTTE was is firm on supportthe State Governthe LTTE which is nexus with other sations like ULFA Punjab militants.' the Tamil Nadu ow results in its LTTE instead of ments. He recalled g with Ms. Jayalaweapons and addiforces to fight the g for the day when sues a statement s been wiped out
of Buddhist clergy as well as the Tamils generally as compared with his elitist predecessors and contemporaries. With the benefits of hindsight one can now see that, perhaps, a golden opportunity to resolve the Tamil problems in their country was lost when the Indian government sponsored proposal, known as Annexure C, was found eventually unacceptable, after much vacillation by J.R.J. Much bloodshed and considerable destruction of properties and human miseries could have been averted by a timely acceptance of Annexure C. Essentially speaking, it was a question of failure on the part of the President to use his massive majority to overcome certain traits of his complex personality and assert himself with the requisite degree of firmness in matters of vital national importance. He was to display a similar element of craftiness, later in 1987, when he sought the services of former High Commissioner Dixit to address his Cabinet members on the proposed India-Sri Lanka Agreement. By doing so he, on the one hand, gave the impression to the Government of India of extending his fullest cooperation to them and, at the same time, he sought to convey an impression of helplessness, and accepting the fait accompli, both to his government and people and also to the international community generally. Not for nothing do the Sri Lankans refer to him as the the "20th century fox.’
Prof. Muni's book also makes a very succinct analysis of the discussion at Thimpu and also describes the beginnings of the fissures in the government of India — LTTE relations from Thimpu itself Regarding the all important Indian Air Force air-drop over Jaffna, on 4th June 1987, the author very rightly suggests that the Sri Lankan military were incapable of taking Jaffna and there is a faint hint of a suggestion regarding the unsuitability of the air-drop for this purpose. Quite correctly, once again, he blames intelligence failure for this.
One wishes, however, that the author had come out a little more openly regarding the ill-advised air-drop which, most importantly, has left a deep psychological scar in the Sinhalese mind which regrettably will take generations to heal. The author has himself stated that Sri Lanka was prepared to accommodate India's regional security interests and that he refers to Gamini Dissanayake's state

Page 29
15 MAY 1994
Inent in New Delhi to this effect. Moreover, these were made prior to the air-drop. Furthermore, it is now generally known that the Sri Lankan military was incapable of taking Jaff. na, a fact also highlighted in the book. As a relief effort it was no more than a drop in the ocean.
But what the air-drop did achieve is to arouse Tamil expectations to a highly unrealistic level, something which was undesirable in the long run. Above all, the air-drop also had the twin impact of signifying India's impatience with Jayewardene's vacillations and, thereby, greatly expedited the subsequent turn of events which led to the signing of the IndiaSri Lanka Agreement (ISLA also known as the Accord). This is not to suggest that Indian plans for the twin projects, namely relief expedition and air-drop were hastily conceived but the latter's manner of implementation gave the impression of pique at the manner in which a small power had rebuffed a major power. But the most pertinent observation was the one made by the Sri Lankan Foreign Minister, A.C. Hameed, who said that by its intervention (air-drop etc) India had lost its credibility as a mediator but now had, instead, a moral obligation to solve the ethnic issue through having involved itself directly. This transformation was unfortunate because it sought to do what the Sinhalese had themselves failed to do in their country.
Realism One can only agree with the author that the ISLA represented a sincere
compromise. In fact one could go further and describe it as a historic
document which repr possible achievement even now) on the vexe intractable question
ethnic strife. It certai deal of flak from va circles. It was partly munication gap bet and achievement, on and appreciation anc the other. It came t heels of the highly the Sinhalese point o The document itself, t the noble intentions,
labour expended sinc sumed in the immedi. the Agreement by aroused by it. It was e ate that the letters tween Prime Ministe and President Jaye effectively spelt out
take care of India's g cerns, though not a p. Got tagged on to t largely due to the tim tories and partly di published, by the gove same booklet as the . conferred respectabilit oft-repeated accusatio) only interested in in own strategic percep quite indifferent to t Tamil aspirations per ought to have been
more organised prop: intended to soften individuals who could oppose it. Nothing lik attempted. Addressing an Cabinet was no su real thing in this regio was yetanother classi little too late. Premad
Continued from page 15
the propriety of the exercise of the prerogative of Presidential pardon.
Finally, we should like to stress that the prerogative of clemency is intended to be exercised in the most compelling circumstances and, quite dearly, not in a manner which is Eikely to erode public esteem for, and confidence in, procedures relating to the administration of justice. It seems to us self-evident that infringement of this principle is fraught with the gravest consequences for the tranquility of any democratic community based on respect for the Rule of Law.
We would recommend that the prerogative of pardon should in future be exercised on advice tendered
by a body appointed Service Commission, that political influer of course extraneous ing on the discharge
Continued from page
make it unlikely that ever be known.
In the interim, ho continue to explore question at the heart o Jesus, perhaps, live du two decades of his life balance of historical p the writer's view that writer once remarke fact till someone ques bility; it is the schola establish the level of p

TAM TIMES 29
2sented the best till then (and d and seemingly of Sri Lanka’s hly drew a great rious Sinhalese due to a comween intention the one hand, realisation, on oo soon on the raumatic (from f view) air-drop. ogether with all endeavours and 1983 was subate aftermath of the passions qually unfortunexchanged ber Rajiv Gandhi wardene which and sought to eo-strategic conart of the ISLA, he Agreement, ing of its signaue to it being rnments, in the ISLA. It almost y on the LTTE's n that India was nplementing its ptions and was the question of o se. The ISLA preceded by a aganda barrage up groups and be expected to e this was ever g the Sri Lanklbstitute for the n. In any case it c instance of too asa’s opposition
by the Judicial so as to ensure nces, which are , have no bearof this function.
17
the “truth' will
wever, we can the intriguing if this piece - did uring the middle in INDIA. On a robabilities, it is he did. A famous d "fact remains tions its plausiar's objective to
lausibility.”
to the Agreement has intended to obfuscate the fact that known and sincere friends of India like Anura Bandaranaike, G.G. Ponnambalam and Gamani Jaysuriya also opposed it. The latter in fact resigned from the cabinet.
The book manages to convey to the reader the rather invidious position in which the IPKF found itself when it found its role reversed from 10th October, 1987 onwards. A lack of clear cut politico-military aim led to ad hocism, dithering and pure confusion. Were the LTTE by military means to be eliminated, pressured or prodded to come to the negotiating table? A tendency earlier to under-rate its military power and indulge in boasts of eliminating it in 72 hours did little to improve matters. The IPKF fought a unique war in Sri Lanka. It was not peace-keeping in the UN sense of the term but actual involvement in a neighbour's civil war in a sincere though hopeless attempt to douse the flames of war in a region uncomfortably close to our country.
Despite all this, in a purely military sense, the finest compliment that the IPKF command received is the oftexpressed sentiment among large sections of the Sri Lankan poulation to stay on in Sri Lanka for another year or so in order to complete the task of bringing the LTTE to its knees. A suggestion by our High Commission in 1992 that a suitable memorial be erected in honour of the 1165 IPKF soldiers killed in the cause of maintaining Sri Lankan unity met with widespread support among servicemen’s organisations and the public generally.
Prof. Muni has made a general appraisal of possible future peacekeeping roles which obviously include the projecting of India's military capability in situations where it may become necessary to do so. Here India will have to make a distinction between weaker neighbours and not so weak neighbours. In the case of the former - which would obviously include Sri Lanka - the capability to undertake such a projection should be immanent but never imminent. The projection, or use of this power, should be reserved for countries like Pakistan who are simply unable to live as friendly neighbours. In the former category, the use of diplomacy will yield an infinitely more handsome dividend. The tendency, therefore, to judge all our neighbours by the same yardstick not only lacks a sense of realism but is highly counterproductive in addition.

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30 TAMIL TIMES
CLASSIFIED ADS
First 20 words rio. Each additional word sop, charge to
BOX NO. 3. (Wat 17/27o extra) Prepayment essentia The Advertisement Manager, Tamil Times Ltd PO Box 121, Sutton, Surrey SM13TD
Phone: 031-644 O972
MATRMONIAL
Jaffna Christian mother seeks fair, attractive, educated bride for son, mid-thirties, professional and permanent resident of USA. Send photograph, details. All correspondence treated confidentially and replied to. M 734 C/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu parents seek educated bride for acCOuntant son, 41, permanently employed in UK. Send details, horoscope. Proposals treated confidentially. M 735 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu Tamil sister seeks professional bridegroom for pretty younger sister, 23, 5'3", attending college, horoscope essential. Telephone O374 786055 (U.K.).
WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couple on their recent wedding. Sujandran son of Mr. Mylvaganam, Retired Operational Manager, SLTB and Mrs. Mylvaganam, 375 Kaolin Street, Broken Hill, NSW 2887, Australia and Rajani daughter of Dr. & Mrs. Rajasingam, 22 Hellensburg Close, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK On 15.5.94 at London Murugan Temple, Church Road, London E12.
OBITUARIES
". . . She is worth far more than Rubies. . .' Proverbs 31:10 Harriet Chellammah (Ranee) Sanders passed into glory on 26 March 1994 in Melbourne Australia.
Born on 5 March 1905, she
Fax: 081.241 4557 ës
was the youngest of six children of Rev. Charles Cheliah Handy (first national Principal of St. John's College, Jaffna) and Harriet Packiam Backus. Mrs. Ranee Sanders was the Sister of Mrs. Annan Ariaratnann, Rev. John Truman Navaratnam, James Chellathurai, Alfred Mathuranayagam and Dr. George Rajanayagam Handy (only surviving brother). She was educated at CMS Girls College, Chundikuli and Raffles College, Singapore where she graduated with distinctions and completed her Senior Cambridge examinations with First Division in 1922. Upon graduation, she taught at Chundikuli Girls College and set up the popular Girl Guides' novernent.
In 1926, Harriet Handy married David Selvamanickam. Sanders who was later VicePrincipal of Jaffna College. Ranee Sanders organized the Young Women's Christian Association, lead the Jaffna College choir and was the church organist and pianist. Mr. and Mrs. Sanders raised and educated their five Children : Pearl Selvaranee (Mrs. Kanagrajah, Melbourne), late Daniel Selvarajah (Prof. and Dean, University of lllinois), Rhea Chandraranee (Mrs. Ratnarajah, Melbourne), Samuel Chandrarajah (Consultant Physician, Scotland) and Handy Balarajah (Management Consultant Adelaide) at Jaffna College, VaddukOddi. After Mr. D.S. Sanders retired in 1952, the family moved to the ancestral home of Ranee Sanders at Nallur. While at Nallur, Mr. and Mrs. Sanders welcomed and grandparented their twelve grand-children.
Upon the death of her husband in 1980, Mrs. Sanders travelled to live with each of her children in Zambia, Scotland, Hawaii, Colombo and Zinnbabwe. She migrated to Melbourne, Australia in 1987 and was naturalized in 1990. In the last three years of her life, Harriet Sanders was the proud great-grandmother of three.
She is greatly missed by all her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
 
 

Mrs. Saraswathy Vimachandran, beloved daughter the late Mr. & Mrs. Kanagabai (Atchuvely), wife of the e Kulasegaram Vimalachanan (Uduvil); loving mother of 9 late Alderman Chandrakuar, Skandarajah and Nirmala 'K); mother-in-law of Judy d Nallaratnam Rathindran; ving grandmother of Dale, ark Vinalachandran, Rishni ld Nadine Rathindran, sister Murugesu (Atchuvely), K.K. lai (Malaysia) and Mrs. Thurзppa passedawayреacefully 6.4.94 and was Cremated on 4.94 - 16 Northumberland pad, North Harrow, Middx., K. Tel 081 4277805.
ura Nesamalar Ponnuthurwife of the late Mr. E. V. onnuthurai (Retired Agriculre instructor); mother of ahilmalar Tambiah, Kiruimalar Rasiah, Sugunathany Kanagasundaram, runakaran, Punithavathany amuel and Chandravathana issed away in Jaffna on 12th ay 1994 - 12 Tennyson Avee, Rиgby CV22 6ЈН.
akiawathy (Bhagawathy), ife of Mr. A. Sinnarajah (Reed Stores Superintendent, ankesan Cement Factory, prmerly Royal Air Force, Katuyake); beloved daughter of e late Mr. V. Sangarapillai guaranteed Broker) and Mrs. angarapillai; loving mother of ijayaindra (General Auto orks, Colombo 10) and Inany; mother-in-law of J. Rasooriyar (SLTB, Colombo) ld Ahilandais wary, grand other of Vatsala, Ramesh and narthanan, Sister of Mr. S. M. jasooriyar, Mrs. P. Ratnasapathy, Mrs. P. Wijayasundarn, Mrs. Ganeshan and Mrs. Jongothai passed away on 'h April at her Chundikuli resiince and funeral took place ! 10th April 1994. - 32 adangawatte Lane, Colombo
IN MEMORAM
loving memory of Mr. B.P. lthony Thambynayagam . Retired AGA, Amparal,
15 MAY 1994
who pas sed a way on 18.2.1993.
Life is not measured by the years, But the happiness and love you gave, These are precious memories for us to hold. No words can truly comfort us, When the one we love departs, Days of sadness still loom Over uS,
But memories of you, will live forever.
Sadly missed by his wife Mrs. Therese Thambynayagam; Mother-in-law Mrs. Annarn Michael; Children Mrs. Joyce Ferdinand, Dr. Michael Thambynayagam, Mrs. Regina Canagasabey, Sons-in-law Mr. Hubert Ferdinand, Dr. Bala Canagasabey; Daughter-in-law Mrs. Agnes Thambynayagam and Grandchildren Sharon, Jonathan, Chrisanthan, Marian, Anthony, Marieta, and Jason.
In everloving memory of Mr. Kathirawelu Paramanathan, Businessman, Ward No. 1, Pungudutivu, Sri Lanka on the third anniversary of his passing away in Canada on 25.4.91.
Sorrowfully remembered by his beloved wife Neelambal; children Chandrakumar (U.K.), Sooriyakumar (Canada), Vasuki (U.K.), lindrakumar, Jeyakumar, Nandakumar, Srikumar and Premini (all of Canada); son-in-law Balasubramaniam (U.K.), daughters-in-law Vasanthakala (U.K.), Louisa and Komathi (both of Canada); g ra n d c h i 1 dren Ryan,
Ratheepan, Ravin, Jinesh, Rajeevan and Dilan — 6 Kumars, 285 High Street North, Manor Park, London E12 6SL. Tel: O81 471 5742.
In everloving memory of Mr. Vythilingam Elampooranar (Elam) on the first anniversary of his passing away on 19.4.93.
Sorrowfully remembered by his loving wife Puvanambikai; children Kalaiyarasan and Sangeetha, mother Mrs. Para

Page 31
15 MAY 1994
vathan Vythilingam, brothers Elango and Elanchenny, sisters Elavarasy, Elanchelvy and Elanthevy - 57 Westmorland Road, North Harrow, Middx. HA 14PL Tel: 081 4272726.
in loving memory of Dr. Manohar Nadarajah, formerly of Katsina, Nigeria and later Bedford General Hospital, UK, on the second anniversary of his passing away on 29.5.92.
You are always in our hearts and in our thoughts.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by your wife lndranee and Sons Suthaharan and Vaseeharan-52 Marnham Crescent, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 9SW, U.K.
in loving memory of Mr. Arunasalam Thampiah of Sayamboo Lane, Valanthalai, Karainagar, beloved husband of the late
Sivagnanam, father of Maheswaran, Dr. Vamadevan (UK), Mrs. Panumathy Tharmalingam, Karunanithy (UK) and Sivathasan (UK); father-in-law of Vimaladevi, Dr. Nimaleswari (UK), Tharmalingam and Anushiya (UK); on the first anniversary of his passing away on 13th May 1993. - 1 13 Fitzroy A Venue, Harborne, Birmingham B178RG.
In everloving memory of Dr. Parameswaran Kandiah on the fourth anniversary of his passing away on 125.90.
Sorrowfully remembered by his wife Pathmasany and loving children Thayalan and Pathanjali - 29 Mounstan Close, Hartside Grange, Hartlepool, TS26 OLR, U.K.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
May 22 6.30pm Bharatha Natyam Recital by Thanuja Mohanan at Lilian Baylis
Dr. V. Krishnarajah - An Appreciation
With a deep sense of grief, many of us learnt the passing away of Dr. Velupillai Krishnarajah, lately Consultant Surgeon, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. It has removed from us not only a surgeon par excellence but also an individual who personified the ultimate in human behaviour - dedication of his life to the alleviation of human misery and suffering of other fellow beings. He will be missed immensely, not only by his many friends, colleagues and trainees but also by the Countless number of patients who benefited from his surgical skills that were dispensed with care and compassion throughout a career spanning over three decades.
Having graduated from the Colombo Medical School in 1958, Krishna trained towards a surgical career Culminating in his election to the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1969. He spurned offers in the West and returned to his homeland with an intense desire to serve his community. Following periods of service in Kurunagale and Nuwara Eliya, where he was a popular and well sought after surgeon, Krishna's ambition was fulfilled with his appointment as Consultant Surgeon, General Hospital, Jaffna in 1979.
His appointment coincided with the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Jaffna and the elevation of the hospital to the status of a Teaching institution. The enormous contributions he made to the progress of these two premier medical institutions cannot be expressed in words. Many of us owe a deep sense of gratitude for his wisdom and friendship during the formative years of laying the foundation for medical education in Jaffna. He remained in Jaffna Committed to his cause
 
 
 

í -ð íwa í s- á í íví. - - - -
heatre, Sadlers' Wells, seberry Ave., London EC1. ክl: 071-837 4104/278 8916. ay 28 7.OOpm London Tamil ts Performing Society preints Annual Dance Festival Waltham Forest Theatre, pyd Park, Winns Terrace, althamstow, London E17. O81-459 4335/47O 7883.
Ine 2 Feast of Body and OOd of Christ.
Ine 5 Krishna Ekathasi. Ime 6 PrathoSam. ne 8 Amavasai.
Ine 11 Feast of Immaculate eart of Mary.
une 11 fO 14 Vedanta Sumer Retreat conducted by wamy Parthasarathy at haley Hall, Reservoir Road, Ockport. Tel: 061-428 6389 . Shah).
Ine 12 1.00pm International amil Foundation Sixth nniversary Lunch & Lecture Adrian Wijemanne at Put?y Leisure Centre, Upper ichmond Road, London ለ/ሽ5 Tel: 081-567 3227.
ne 13 Chathurthi. Feast of . Anthony of Padua.
une 16 to 20 630 – 800pm ecture on Bhagavad Geetha chapter IVB by Swami Parthsarathy at Hindu Centre 39 Grafton Terrace, London NW5 JA. Tel: 081-427 6794 (Mr. iopal Bhanot).
June 19 Ekathasi. June 21 Prathosam.
June 22 Feast of Saints John Fisher & Thomas More.
June 23 Full Moon. June 24 Feast of St. John the Baptist.
June 26 Chathurthi. June 29 Feast of Saints Peter & Paul.
June 30. Feast of First Martyrs of Rome.
Advance information.
July 2 Jaffna College Alumni (UK) Association holds Dinner & Dance at Lola Jones Hall, Greaves Place (off Garrett Lane), Tooting, London SW17 ONE. Tel 081-942 6643/599 862. Sept. 10 SCOT presents Bharatha Natya Recital by Mallika Sarabhai, Dancer & Actress (of Peter Brook's Mahabharatha fame) at Logan Hall, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1 H 0AL. Tel: 08f904 6472/9227. At Bhawan Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London W14 9HQ. Tel: O71-3813086/4608. June 5 6.30pm Hindustani Vocal by Amit Chaudhuri. June 11 7.00pm & June 19 6.30pm Karnatic Vocal by Sudha Raghunathan. June 12 6.30pm Kathak by Pandit Vijai Shankar. June 4, 11 & 25 5.30pm Gita Lectures by Sri Mathoor Krishnamurti.
intil the last years of his life. This despite the trials and tribulations of life in the peninsula. This inspite of the serious and progressive liness that afflicted him soon after assuming the position in Jaffna. the visited London a few times for medical treatment but in every nstance returned willingly to his people. "What is good for my atients is good enough for me he would say, with the conviction of someone refusing to stray from his chosen path.
His enthusiasim to maintain the highest professional standards within the health service in the peninsula was carried with a missionary zeal through the Jaffna Medical Association. The asteem in which he was held by his peers resulted in his election o the Presidency of the association and he remained one of its pillars until his death. He also continued to edit the Jaffna Medical fournal for several years, maintaining during his stewardship a lournal of international calibre.
Krishna was also a prolific writer in his own right on medical opics. His publications reflected a practical and pragmatic approach to the delivery of health care. A number of patient eaflets and booklets in Tamil bear testimony to his avid interest in nforming and educating the lay public. He was particularly concerned with the plight of cancer patients and the lack of adequate facilities for the care of the terminally ill in the peninsula. he establishment of a Cancer Unit at Tellipallai Hospital was the allmark of his tireless and single handed effort.
Dr. Krishnarajah is no more but he will be fondly remembered by all those who were fortunate enough to have encountered and benefited from his counsel and friendship. By his selfless service, le personified the divine nature of the human spirit.
N. Sree Haran.

Page 32
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32 TAMILTIMES
Shanti: A Bitter Search for Peace
The Mahaabhaaratha, reputedly the longest story in verse, has been variously interpreted on stage and screen. It has also been the source of inspiration for great pieces of music and dance, and its impact has been felt strongly even outside the Indian Sub-continent.
Thanis resident in the UK have seen the TV version of Mahaabhaaratha telecast by the BBC a few years ago. Produced on behalf of Dhoordharshan in India in Hindi and dubbed into English for the BBC, it had a strong cinema flavour which was artistically damaging. A far more intelligent interpretation of the epic was by Peter Brooke in 1988, and the shorter TV version of this openair stage experience was telecast towards the end of 1989 by the BBC. Peter Brooke transformed a story which concerned a conflict between cousins over the right to a kingdom into a story of mankind. Somehow, this version remains far less known among the Thamils here. (I understand that Peter Brooke's production was rejected for telecasting by the Indian TV authorities for reasons which were not artistically or intellectually sound).
The most recent interpretation of the epic had its premiere at the Purcell Room of the South Bank Centre, London on 2.5.94. Akshaya Dance Theatre (formerly Pushkala Gopal Unnikrishnan and Co.) presented the story through the eyes of Dhraupadhy, who in my view is the Central character in the Mahaabhaaratha. The interpretation is faithful to the source and emphasises the agony of Dhraupadhy and explores possible alternatives to the war, which in the eyes of Krishna was altogether inevitable.
The opening scene brings Dhraupadhy to the battlefield in a chariot built by Krishna who
conjures up images of war. The
battle itself was beautifully por trayed in dance with great style and absolute dignity by Unnikrishnan and Pra me ela. Dhraupadhy mourns the death of her five sons and suffers a feeling of guilt for all the death and destruction that the War had caused. Krishna takes her through a journey in time to help her come to terms with reality and shows her that this war between good and evil was in fact inevitable.
Very few words were spoken on stage except for a few utterances designed to hep the audience through critical junctures, a moving piece of poetry in Thamil, expressing the agony of Dhraupadhy and sung beautifully by Pushkala Gopal playing that role, and a highly rhythmic piece of prose in Thamil again by Pushkala expressing the anger of Dhraupadhy following her humiliation in the court of the blind king.
The music was charming as was the dancing. Unnikrishnan's highly expressive Kathakali style transformed him from Krishna into Karna, into each of the Pandava princes, into the evil brothers Dhuryodhana and Dushasana and back into Krishna to demonstrate the might of Indian dancing which performs this magic with a few hand movements, steps and facial expression. The Bharatha Naatya style of the two female dancers, Pushkala and Prameela, was pleasing and blended beautifully with everything else on stage where not one little movement or sound was without meaning or substaCe
The Thilaanaa duet in Valaji to which Unnikrishnan and Pushkala danced formed the finalé and was a bonus on top of a performance which was dance and theatre rolled into Oe.
I sincerely hope that there will be several more performances of this brilliant dance drama which used the minimum of props on a simple and elegant stage with clever use of lighting and sound effects.
S. Sivasegaram.
W.L.T.S. Celebrates Thiagarajah Festival
Sri Thiagarajah Festival was celebrated for the 5th year in succession by the West london Tamil School on 27th February '94 at Kingsbury High School Hall, Kingsbury, London NW9. A large number of musicians and art lovers participated in this function.
Picture shows Karaikudy Krishnamoorthy, M. Yogeswary, Ambika Thamotheran, Lakshmi Jayan, K. Jana
 
 
 
 

15 MAY 1994
nayagan, Sonasundara DeSigar and others at the Pancharatna Aarathanai.
Ontario Senior Tamils' Centre, Canada
The Ontario Senior Tannis' Centre had their Annual General Meeting, which was well attended. A complimentary sumptuous dinner followed. The following were elected office-bearers.
President: S. Tharmalingann, Vice President: Dr. Pushpa Seevaratnam, Secretary: M. Velautha Pillai, Treasurer: V. Eeswaranathan, Board Members: Aloy Ratnasingham (Ex-Officio), Rosaline Rajanayagam, Siva Sivaramalingam, T. Sivarajah, C. Kanagalingam, T. Manickavasagar and T. Nadarajah.
Kokuvi Old Students Cultural Show
Kokuvil Hindu College Old Students Association presented a well attended Cultural Show On 23rd April at the Mill Hill County High School Hall. The Chief Guest was one of their old boys, Mr. Wimal Sockanathan, a lawyer and broadcaster.
The programme began with a Violin Recital by Sivasankar with his student Joanna. Ananda Nadesan accompanied on the Tabla. It was abrilliant Start for the evening's proceedings. The next item was a vocal recital by the well known carnatic musician Smt Saraswathy Packiyarajah, who hails from Kokuvil, taught in the college for 20 years and is now a patron of the association. She kept her audience mesmerised by her rendition and choice of Songs.
Miss Delaney Murugiah preSented three items of Bharatha Natyam and this was followed by a speech of welcome by Mr. K. Kanthapillai, the Chairman of the Association. The Chief Guest speaking next described the generation gap and the cultural gap and emphasised the increased responsibilities of parents and schools in bringing up children in the present enVironment.
Veteran Director Balendra and Actor Krishnarajah of The Tamil Performing Arts Society stole the show in their presentation of a social satire "Mannikkavum' questioning today's eroded social values. Anandarani and Manoharan
blended well with their characterisation of the 'upper class' couple. The secretary of the O.S.A. Mr. Ranjitkumar proposed the vote of thanks which was followed by 'Light Music' by the Sadhana Music Group. The O.S.A. produced a brochure on this occasion. It contained among others, arti cles by the Principal Emeritus Mr. C.K. Kanthaswami from Australia and Justice K. Palakidnar, an old boy of the college and who had retired recently from the Sri Lankan Judiciary as President of the Court of Appeal.
Tamil ASSOciation Of Brent
The Tanil Association of Brent celebrated its 15th annual get together and the Tamil New Year on 16th April 1994 at the Brent Town Hall, where the audience exceeded over 900. Cllr. Bob Blackman, the leader of the London Borough of Brent, was the Chief Guest. The programme commenced with Bharatha Natyam Recitals by nine year old Pamela Wijayakumar and Anusha Gurunathan which were highly appreciated by the audience.
Brent Tamil School presented two enjoyable Tamil dramas, followed by a flute recital.
Fun With Numbers
The division suim 6753 X 738/ 7379
gives a quotient 675 and the remainder is 675 + (738 x 3) = 2889.
This method is applicable for the general sum (10a-h-b)cy (10c-1) where b is a single digit number.
The quotient is a and the remainder is a +(bxc).

Page 33
a MAY 1994
Another Tamil Radio for Great Britain
Spectrum International Radio which has been broadcasting for the past few years, 24 hours a day in Hindi, Chinese, Spanish, Jewish and other languages in its 558 MW (AM) netre band to listeners in Great Britain will have a Tamil Programme broadcast weekly on Wednesdays at 8pm, com
mencing Wednesday, 8th June 1994.
Well known and experienced Tamil broadcasters are expected to present the programme, which will consist of news and views of Tamils in Great Britain, current affairs, interviews, popular film songs - listeners' requests. This magazine programme is titled "Vaana vil', which means a spectrum of Colours.
Appeal for Assistance, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Cancer Patients in North/East Sri Lanka.
We are an association formed with the object of providing financial, medical and other assistance to cancer patients in North/East Sri Lanka.
As you are aware Tamils in North and East of Sri Lanka are undergoing untold hardship due to the ongoing civil war and inhuman military operations. There is dearth of food, medicine and
f
in ቪገ
t
A Shiva-Vishnu Temple in Melbourne
May 22, 1994 will be a red letter day in the life of the Hindu community of Victoria, Australia. On this day at the auspicious fine between 8.30am to 11.30am, to the accompaniment of chanting of mantras, blowing of conchs and beating of drums the Ataha Kumbhabhishekam (Consecration) ceremony of the ShivaVishnu Temple at Carrum Downs, Melbourne in the State of Victoria, will be performed.
Elaborate plans are under way to ensure that the Maha Akumbhabhishekam is performed in strict compliance of the holy scriptures and in conformity with the time honoured customs and raditions. Priests of high distinction from India, Sri Lanka together with Hindu scholars are expected to participate in the ceremonies and rituals associated with the Maha Kumbhabhishekann. Statesmen, politicians, community and religious leaders, and Government officials from all over Australia are expected to attend the function. The organisers anticipate thousands of Hindus from Australia and overseas will witness this momentous event. Arrangements are being made to provide lunch (annathanam) to devotees.
The Hindu Society of Victoria (H.S. V.) is the prime architect of the Shri Shiva-Vishnu temple. Formed in 1982, the Society from the outset determined that its first and foremost objective is the building of a traditional Hindu temple in an appropriate surroundang and with ease of accessibility to metropolitan Melburnians. The Temple site at Carrum Downs is in many ways one of the best spots and more importantly it meets the criteria set out in the scriptures for a temple siting namely virgin soil, closeness to sea and river confluence. The Carrum Downs temple is situated not far from the picturesque beaches of Carrum, Port Philip Bay and the several lakes around the Patterson river.
 
 

• #ð ÁÍá á áði t.-S ««»
edical facilities due to blockade imposed in Tamil areas.
Though there is in general a need for support to all residents nd patients, this need is felt more urgently in the case of cancer atients.
At a recent meeting in London with Dr. S. Sivakumaran, Senior onsultant of Jaffna General Hospital, we were informed that the Ospitals in Jaffna/Batticaloa have no facilities to treat cancer atients and they are referred to Maharagama Hospital, Colombo.
Patients referred to Colombo are faced with the problems of ansport, accommodation and medication.
As a first step we have sent £500 to Jaffna General Hospital to ssist, financially, patients seeking treatment in Colombo.
in addition to financial assistance we propose to set up a hostel Colombo to accommodate these patients. It is estimated that an itial outlay of £3,000 and a monthly payment of £300 will be 'quired to rent and run a hostel for approximately 15 patients.
We appeal to you to contribute generously to this worthy cause, alleviate the hardship of these desperate and deserving atients. All donations and contributions will be acknowledged.
Please Contact:-
Dr. J. Namasivayam or Mr. N. Ariaratnam Chairman Secretary
e O81-5O54725 Tel 081-5722112
H.S. V. bought the land at Carrum Downs in extent 14.35 acres 1985 borrowing much of the funds required from a bank, (the pan was repaid within six months). Once the land was purchased he momentum to build the temple was unstoppable. The society ropelled by its own vision and encouraged by a few Hindu avants developed a game-plan. Firstly it launched a membership rive. From a membership of about 50 families at the time of ception, today the Society has a membership in excess of 300 amilies. The second and unquestionably the more difficult task as to Collect funds. Initial estinates for the Constructions were 750,000, a staggering amount by any standards. To date the ociety has spent more than a million dollars, all collected from he Hindu community, benefactors and the Australian public.
The success of the Society is attributed to its ability to galvanise he energies of the young and the old and present itself as an SSociation at grassroots level. A distinguishing feature of the uilding of the Temple has been the amount of voluntary work that as gone into it.
The foundation for the construction of the building was laid in 990. It has taken the Society under 4 years to complete the uilding and open it for worship. The temple has been built ombining contemporary Australian engineering with ancient indu architecture, an architecture which can be traced to 5th entury C.E. The intricate sculptural and decorative works have een executed by specialist sculptors from India who have lived in he temple site for the past several months. The principal deities re Shiva and Vishnu. Thirty two other deities will also be housed. he temple is undoubtedly the biggest Hindu temple in the region.
The H.S. V. management does not think that the building of the ample is an end in itself nor does it conclude that the hiva-Vishnu temple is merely a place of worship for Hindus. The '.S. V. firmly believes that the rich Hindu philosophy which the ample symbolises and the local Hindu community will make a trong contribution to the promotion of multiculturalism a concept hich is earning for Australia an international respect and cognition. With this in view, H.S.V. will develop the Shri hiva-Vishnu temple as a focal point for religious congregations nd as a centre for research in spiritual studies.
in the next phase of development, a conference hall, a school, a tirement village, a sports facility centre, a library and a children's lay area are planned to be added. Obviously fund raising is going be crucial for the success of the grand plans of the Society. The ociety appeals to Hindus, wherever they are, to donate generusly and support the Hindu Society of Victoria.
Contributions to the Hindu Society of Victoria may be sent c/o r. A. Ponnambalam, 2 Dayan Drive, Wantirna, Victoria 3152, ustralia, or H.S. V. Inc., PO.BOX 1016, Carrum Downs, Victoria 201, Australia.

Page 34
34 TAMIL TIMES
Kundrakudy Kuravanji - Dance Drama
The London Tamil Kalakan staged the Dance Drama, Kundrakudy Kuravanji at the Brent Town Hall, Wembley filled to capacity by an audience which was elated by the quality of the performance on Saturday, 9th of April 94. It was presented by Smt Uma Chandradeva, whose arduous training given to her students, the participants, with the joint collaboration from Smit Sutharsini Ramachandran had certainly paid off. Nearly thirty students appeared on stage and captured the hearts of the audience by their display of the variety of movements effortlessly executed to illustrate one of the most popular epics of our time. A Creditable team work was displayed by all the dancers.
The first half of the programme were Flute, Violin, Vocal and Veena recitals along with eloquent speeches amidst others by the winners of The Inter School Speech Contest. Smit Saraswathy Packiayarajah, who directed the musical team sang superbly and ably Contributed towards the Success of the evening.
Jaffna Schools in Top Berth in A Level Results
Jaffna Schools have, in spite of the difficult conditions under which they have been working, secured the top berth in the islandwide G.C.E. (A Level) examination held in 1992, the results of which, were issued recently.
The School Performance lndices measured objectively and presented by the Sri Lankan Department of Examinations, were developed on the basis of ability of pupils by calculating the average of all raw marks obtained by all the schol candidates for each subject, giving the Subject Performance Index of the school.
The process was repeated for all subjects and the total divided by the number of subjects, to give the Composite School Performance Index of each school.
The following is a statement of Indices of the Sri Lankan Schools in order of merit going down to 56.
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Jaffna Hindu College; Devi alika, Colombo 66; Royal Colge, Colombo 66; Hartley Colge, Pt. Pedro 65; St. Johns ollege, Jaffna 65; Visaka dyalaya, Colombo 62, Ladies ollege, Colombo 61; Ananda pllege, Colombo 60, Ashraq V, Nintavur 60, Methodist pllege Colombo 59; Vada HinGirls' College, Pt. Pedro 58; ly Family Convent, Bambapitiya 58; Moratuwa Convent ; Museus Balika 58; Sirimavo
ல விம்பிள்டனில்வ. அன்பான உபசரிப்புடன் அருமையான உணவுவகைகளைச் சுவைத்திட
கிறீன்லண்ஸ் சினக்ஸ்
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Greenlands Snax (Sri Lankan & South Indian Snack) Get together or any other family occasions. We delight to serve you with all kinds of
food indaranayake 58; St. Peters ollege 58; Wesley College 58; Aዘ Pಳ್ಲ್ಲೆg Keddings Patricks College, Jaffna 58; Sri Lankarn Short Eats armaraja M. V, Kandy 57; at Low Pricell
Joseph's College, Colombo ; Dharmasoka M. V. Ambagoda 57; St. Bridget's Connt, Colombo 57;: Chundlikuli ris School, Jaffna 57; Vermdi Girls’ High School, Jaffna ; Girls' High School, Kandy ; Maliyadeva Balika M. V., frunegala, 57; Rahula M. V., atara 56; D. S. Senanayake, olombo 56; Nalanda M. V., lombo 56; St. Sebastian's pratu wa 56; De Mazenod V., Kandana 56; Cha vacheri Hindu College 56; ahajana College Tellippalai ; Zahira Muslim, Mawanella ; and Holy Family Convent fyalaya, Kurunegala 56.
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Page 35
15 ΜΑΥ 1994
GLEN EXPRESS
155. Notting Hill Gate,
Telephone: 071221 3498
LONDON TO:
COLOMBO-DIRECT Rtn not valid 20Aug-5Sep 11 Apr-26 Jun Rtn not valid 20Aug-5Sep 27Jun-1 OJul & 16 Tktd before 31 Mar 11 Jul-14 Jul
11 Jul-15Aug Tkto before 31 Mar 15Jul-15Aug FAMILY FARE – Out Tue Sat Sun-Head 11 Apr-30Jun & 1
Spouse 1st Child 2nd Child
FAMILY FARE - Out Thu - Head 11 Apr-26Jun
Spouse 1st Child 2nd Child
COLOMBO VIA DUBA K Class only 2Apr-14Jun
15Jun-14Jul 15Jul-14Sep 15Sep-30Sep COLOMBO VIA KUVNAIT Until 30 Jun
SINGAPORE VIA COLOMBO 2Apr-14Jun
15Jun-14 Jul 15Jul-14Sep 15Sep-30Sep
COLOMBO MALE & SINGAPORE 08Jan-30Jun & 15
01Jul-14Sep
MADRAS/TRICHY/ TRIVENDRUM No stp Colombo Until 10 Apr
Colombo stp alld No stp Colombo, rtn not valid 20Aug-5Sep 27Jun-10Jultkta Colombo stp alld-rtn not valid 20Aug-5Sep 27 Jun-10Jul & 16
No stp Colombo 11Jul-14Jul tktd b
11 Jul-15Aug
SYDNEY VIA COLOMBO &
SINGAPORE O1 Jul-3ONOV
01 Dec-07Jan
SYDNEY OR MELBOURNE VIA COLOMBO Until 30Jun & 15
SINGAPORE AND KUALA LUMPUR O1 Jul-14 Sep
ALL MAJOR CREDITC COMPETITIVE FARES TO OTHER
 

TAML TIMES 35
TRAVELLTD
London W11 3LF
$ F"ax: 071 243 8277
ONE WAY RETURN
ADULT. CHILD ADULT. CHILD
£297 £182 £450 £274
Aug-3ONov £297 £182 £485 £295 530 322 E363. 222 E630 382 E580 E352 Sep-30Nov 485 E438
E248 200
450 406
230 £186
4.48 E306
340 236 485 E306 350 .228 E580 E392 360 234 645 435 340 221 E515 .348 245 169 385 263
510 347 550 368 . E660 E445 530 358
5Sep-30Nov 395 276 685 475 440 .306 740 512
308 189 410 250
500 E304 by 15Apr 460 280 Aug-30Nov 308 189 500 E304
y 15Αρr 560 340 374 g229 645 E391
490 337 975 668 575 394 975 668
Sep-30Ѕер 455 E313 E905 £621
495 340 925 635
ARDS ACCEPTED DESTINATIONS AVAILABLE

Page 36
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Special low fares to:
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Companied Baggage
W Una CCCompanid Baggage rate:S - COLOMBO: b>
a Freight - E 9.00 per Tea Chest
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