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Page 3
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Ushjhuf; fhuzq;fSf;fhf ngz;fs; jkJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;gJ ekJ r%fj;jpy; “tpgr;rhuk;“ vDk; nrhy;yhy; Fwpf;fg;gLfp wJ. “tpgr;rhuk;“ vDk; nrhy; yhdJ ngz;iz ,opTgLj; jypd; vy;iyf;Nf js;sptpLk; Mzhjpf;f rpj;jhe;jq;fSld; gpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. Kjypy; ehk; “tpgr;rhuk;“ vDk; nrhy;iy Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;FNthk;. ghypay; njhopy; vDk; nrhy;iy gpujp aPL nra;Nthk;. ,r; nrhy;yhdJ ngz;fs; jkJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;Fk; eltbf;iff;F Neh;kiw mh;j;jj;ij jUtjhFk;.
ekJ r%fj;ijg; nghUj;jtiuapy; ghypay; njhopyhdJ r%f ey;nyhOf; fj;ij rpijj;jpLk;> rPh;Nflhd r%f tho;it cUthf;Fk; elt bf;ifahf rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. mjpYk; ,e;eltbf; ifahdJ ngz;;zpd; xOf;fne wpAld; khj;jpuk; njhlh;GgLj; jpg; ghh;f;fg;gLtjhy; r%f rPh;Nfl;bw;Ff; fhuzkhf ngz;iz kpf vspjhf J}w;wp tpl;Lg; NghFk; Nghf;Nf njhlh;fpwJ.
ngz;tpLjiyia Nerpf;Fk;> mjw;fhf nraw;gLk; ngz;fSk; Mz;fSkhd ehk; ngz;fs; jkJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;gJ njhlh;ghf vj;jifaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ijf; nfhz;Ls; Nshk; vd;gJk; ,q;F gpujhd khdJ. ghypay; njhopiy mUt Uf;fj;jf;f xd;whf> cld bahf ,Uk;Gr; rl;lj;jhy; jLj;J epWj;jg;gl Ntz;bajhf ghh;f; fpNwhkh? ghypay; njhopypy;  vd;d NjitfSf; fhf ngz;fs; jkJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;f Neh;fpwJ vd; gij Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjD}lhf ,J gw;wpa rhpahd KbTfis vl;l Kay;fpNwhkh vd;gNj?
gpd;tUk; epfo;Tfis ekJ ciuahlYf;fhd vspikahd cjhuzq;fshf vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;.
- ,uz;lhtJ  Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; jilgl;lJld; nghUshjhuj; jilAk; ek;kPJ jpzpf;fg;gL fpwJ. czTj; jl;Lg;ghL cr; rj;jpy; epytpaJ. tWikf; Nfhl;bd; fPo; tho;e;j kf;fSf;F
4
fQ;rpAk; gdk;goKk; jhd; Mjhuk;. (fztidg; gphpe;j) FLk;gg; Ngh\fuhd ,uz;L gps;isfspd; jha; mhprpthq; Ftjw;fhf gj;J &ghTf;F jdJ ghypay; Mw;wiy tpw;f Neh;fpwJ.
- %d;W gps;isfs; kw;Wk; tNahjpgj; jhapd; grpiag; Nghf;Ftjw;fhf $ypj; njhopy; nra;Ak; FLk;gg; Ngh\fuhd ngz; (fztd; ,uhZtj;jhy; Rlg;gl;lhh;) jhd; ciog;Gr;
rf;jpia tpw;Fk; mNj tptrh apf;F jdJ ghypay; Mw;wiy Nkyjpf kuf;fwpfisAk; ney; iyAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf tpw;fpwhh;.
,t;tpU cjhuzq;fSk; ekJ rNfhjhpfs; ghypay; njhopypy;  kdpj czh;Tfspd; ntspg;gh lhd ghypay; Mw;wYk; tpiy
eph;zapf;fg;gl Kbahjit. Mdhy; ,q;Nfh kpfTk; mw;gj; jdkhd Kiwapy; ngz;zpd; ghypay; Mw;wYf;F tpiy eph;zapf;fg;gLtjd; %yk; ngz; vDk; khDl [Ptp Ruz;ly;f spNyNa kpfTk; Nkhrkhd Ruz; lYf;F cs;shfpwhs;. mj;Jld; ngz;zpd; ghypay; Mw;wiy Efh; gz;lkhf;fpapUg;gJk;>
ngz;zpd rpijg;gJ ntWf;fj
ghypay  gh epWtdka me;epa n jUk; K nyhd;whf fspy; ngz sh;fs; j kw;Wk; Rf fhf mik d;wdh;. m mth;fspd fshf rh;t nfhs;sg;g Fwpg;gplj
vdNt> vkJ Njrj;jpd; ng Jauq;fspdJk;> rhjidf
ntw;wpfspd Jk; tuyhw tuyhw;W rk;gtq;fis nj jiy Kiwahf;fk; nra;Nt Nfw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mtkh
,opgLj;jy;fs;> nfhLi Jauq;fs; midj;ijAk; jOtp> ,izf;fpd;w typi
epidTfshf cUkhw;WN
fle;j Nghuhl;l njhopypy fhuzj;j Sf;F kuz rk;gtq;f Nthk;. ghy ngz;fs; whh;fs; v czh;tpw

k; jhd; ; gphpe;j) ,uz;L hprpthq; ghTf;F y tpw;f
s; kw;Wk; grpiag; ; njhopy; h\fuhd tj;jhy; iog;Gr;
j tptrh Mw;wiy Ak; ney; ;tjw;fhf
q;fSk; ghypay; ;fhd r% tpsf;F hFk;. ;  ntspg;gh k; tpiy
ahjit. k; mw;gj; gz;zpd; tpiy yk; ngz; uz;ly;f hd Ruz; mj;Jld; w;wiy pUg;gJk;>
ngz;zpd; Ranfsutj;ij rpijg;gJk; ghypay; njhopypd; ntWf;fj;jf;f mk;rkhAs;sJ. ghypay; njhopypy; ngz;fs;  ,e;NjhNdrpah Nghd;w> ghypay; njhopy; kpfTk; epWtdkag;gLj;jg;gl;lJTk; me;epa nryhtzpia  rhjidfspdJk;> pfspd Jk; tuyhw;iw - ;W rk;gtq;fis njhFj;J
wahf;fk; nra;Nthk;. vkf; ;jg;gl;Ls;s mtkhdq;fs;> Lj;jy;fs;> nfhLikfs;
s; midj;ijAk; vk;ik izf;fpd;w typikkpf;f Tfshf cUkhw;WNthk;.
fle;j fhyj;jpy; jkpo;g; Nghuhl;l mikg;Gfs; ghypay; njhopypy;  vy;iyg;Gwf; fpuhkq; fspYk;> ,uhZtf; fl;Lg; ghl;bw;Fl;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspYk; thOk; ngz;fs; jkJ ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; nghUshjhuf; fhuzq;f Sf;fhf rpq;fs ,uhZtj;jp dUld; Nrh;e;J tho;tJk; ghypay; njhopypy;  ekJ ftdnky;yhk; ngz;fspd; ghypay; Mw;wy; Ruz;lg;gL tij> ngz;fspd; cly; Jd;GWj;jYf; Fs;shtij jLj;J epWj;JtijNa mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;tifapy; ePz;l fhyj;jpy; ghypay; njhopiy ,y;yhJ nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld; ngz;fsJ nghUshjhu tho;tpy; khw;wq; fis Vw;gLj;JtjpYk; ghypay; njhlh;ghf MNuhf;fpakhd r%f kNdhghtj;ijf; fl;b naOg;GtjpYk; czh;T G+h;t kha;f; ftdj;ijf; Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
clYk; Md;khTk; xd;wp ize;j epiyapNyNa kdpjh; fs; jkJ tho;tpd; milah sj;ijg; ngWfpd;wdh;. ghypay; njhopyhdJ kdpj clYld; gpize;j Md;khit clypyp Ue;Jk; Jz;lhb> ntWkNd rijf;Ftpaiy khj;jpuk; Kjd; ikg;gLj;Jk; eltbf;ifah As;sJ. mt;tifapy; ghypay; njhopyhdJ ngz;fspd; kPJ r%fj;jhy; jpzpf;fg;gl;bUf; Fk; kpf Nkhrkhd kdpjj; jd; ikaw;w eltbf;ifahFk;. ghyp ay; njhopy; ,y;yhnjhopAk; nghOJjhd; ngz;fspd; tpL jiy vd;gJk; KOikngWk;. ,jd; kWGwk;> kdpj Fyk; cah; khDl tpOkpaq;fis Nehf;fp tsh;tJk; rhj;jpag;gLk;.
jkpoPok; - khHfop 1999

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Ugjhk; Ew;whz;bw;Fhpa jdpf; Fwpg;ghd gz;Gfspy;> Gjpa Njrq;fspd; njhlHr;rpahd cUthf;fk; vd;gJ rpwg;ghd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. ,dj; jdpj;Jtq;fSk;> fyh rhuj; jdpj;Jtq;fSk; nfhz;l Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd Njrq;fs;> jkJ nrhe;j muRfspd; fPo;> jhk; NjHe;njLj;j ghijapy;> Rje;jpukhf ,aq;Ftij cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;s rfhg;jkhf ,e;j E}w;whz;L mike; jpUf;fpd;wJ. Mjpf;f muRfspd; mlf;FK iwapd; fPo;> k f ; f s p d ; jdpj;Jtq;fSk; chpikfSk; kWf;fg; gl;bUe;j epiy mfw; wg;gl;L> NtWgl;l kuG fSk; gz;ghLk;> fyh rhuKk; nfhz;l kpfg; gy Njrq;fspd; ,aq;F jskhf cyfk; khw; wg;gl;L tpl;lJ. ,e;j E}w;whz;L Gjpa Njrq;fspdJk;> Njr muRfspdJk; Njhw;wj;jpw;fhd> fhyr; rhl;rpahf mike;jpUf; fpd;wJ. RUf;fkhf $wpdhy;> ,e;j E}w;whz;L> Njrq;fspd; E}w;whz;L vdTk; tuyhw;wpy; gjpag;gLk;.
me;epa Mjpf;fj;jpd; fPo; - Fwpg;ghf> ehd;F Ehw;whz;Lf Sfspd; r%f ,af;fk; mikjp ahfTk;> rPuhfTk; mike;jpUf; ftpy;iy. khwhf> ,e;j Ik;g jhz;L fhyj;jpy;> rpq;fs Njrk; r%f nfhe;jspg;GfisAk;> td;Kiw murpaypd; mDgtq; fisAk; re;jpj;J te;Js;sJ. nghUshjhu rPHFiyTfSk;> mjpfhpj;J nry;Yk; njhopypd; ikAk;> tho;f;ifj; juj;jpd; njhlHr;rpahd tPo;r;rpiaAk;> r%f NjitAld; nghUe;jhj fy;tpKiwiaAk; rpq;fs kf;fspy; kpfg; ngUk;ghyh Ndhiu fLikahf ghjpj;jpUf; fpd;wd. xUGwk;> kpfr;rpW gphptpdhpd; fuq;fspy; mjpfh uKk;> nry;tKk; tuk;gw;W Ftpe;jpUf;fpd;w epiyapy;> kWGwk; kpfg; ngUk;ghd;ikah NdhH tWikapd; tpspk;gpy;> mlf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; tho; fpd;w Vw;wj;jho;thd epiy Jyf;fkhf njhpfpd;wJ. jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhs;g tHfspd; vz;zpf;ifapYk;> kJg; gof;fj;jpw;F mbikah apg;gth;fspd; mstpYk; cy fpNy rpq;fs Njrk; Kjyplj;jpy; ,Ug;gJk;> Mapuf;fzf;fhd rpWtHfis ghypay; ciog;gpy;  rpq;fs kf;fspilNa
Kw;wpYk; epyTfpd;w nghUshaj kw;Wk; Md;kPf hPjpahd rPHFiyTfis njspthf Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,U jrhg;j fhyj;jpw;Fs;> Map uf;fzf;fhd rpq;fs ,is QHfs; jkJ capHfis ,oe; jpUf;fpw ,U MAjf; fpsHr;
nray;gl ,tw;wpd; kf;fs; r neUf;fk lhHfs;. muir jk chpik nf rpfs; ntbj;Jf; fpsk;g $bas
rpwpyq Tf;F > rpq;f s Njrj;j pw;F s;jPtpu
gLj;Jtj gif Kuz;ghLfs; epyT
murpay;t fpd;wd.
kjgPlq;fi ,t;thW rpwpyq;fh murp dJk;> mijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;w gphptpduJk; Raeykpf;f> r%f
gpujhd ,l vd;gJ e fhtpy; rpq;fs Njrk; !
tpNuhj nraw;ghLfspd; fhu zkhf> mth;fSld; rpq;fs kf;fs; Mokhd Kuz;ghl;il
NjHjy; K kd;wj;jpy nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. ,Ug; gpDk;> ,J ehzaj;jpd; xU
vdNt> gf;fk;jhd;.
nghJthd Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd
rhji rpwpyq;fh murpd; cUthf;fKk;> mjd; epWtd ,Wf;fKk;> rpq;f skakhFk; jd;ikia nfhz; bUe;jd. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rpq;fs
ntw;wpfspd
tuyhw;W njhFj;J j nra cWg;gpdHfspd; ngUk;
Nfw;gL ghd;ik> thf;Fhpik Thpik) rpq;fs kjj; jpdJk; nkhopapdJk;> kiyaf gwpf;fg;gl;lik> (kw;Wk; murpayikg;G jkpoHfspd;
ngsj;j gpu[h
,opgLj;jy vk;ik Jauq;fs mt
jO hPjpahd Kjd;ik> epHthf
typikkpf kw;Wk; ghJ fhg;G Jiwfspy; rpq;fs Mjpf;fk; . . . . vd>
cUk
rpwpyq;fh murpd; rpq;fska khFk; Nghf;F jpl;lkpl;l hPjpapYk;> cWjp ahfTk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L te;jpUf; fpd;wJ.
,e;j epfo;Tfs; ntWkNd ghuhSkd;w vy;iyf;Fs; kl;Lg;gltpy;iy. ,it Nghpdthj rpj;jhe;jj;jpy; Njha;e;Jk;> njhlHG+lfq; fspd; KOtPr;rhd gpur;rhu gpd;Gyj;jpDhlhfTk; rpq;fs kf;fspd; eyd;fis vg;NghJk; ghJfhf;Fk; vd;W cWjpA iuf;fg;gl;ld. mt;thNw rpq;fskf;fspd; kj> fyhr;rhu gz;ghl;L kuGfis Ngzp tsH g;gjpy; rpwpyq;fh muR KOtPr; Rld; nraw;gl;L te;jpUf;fpd;wJ. rpq;fs kf;fspd; epy> fy;tp> Ntiytha;g;G gpur;ridfis jPHg;gjpy; rpwpyq;fh muR
epjpfis murhq;f mjDhlh kPJ Fwpg fl;Lg;ghl tha;g;gs murhq;f ve;jnthU murpD}lh bf;iffS spilNa ifapdhpd nfhs;tJ ,t;th Fk;> rpq ,ilNa c cUthf; ,e;j gp gytPdg; g fpd;wJ. t Rik fSk khfNth>
5

,lk;ngWfpd;w spilNa Kw;wpYk; j kw;Wk; yTfis ;Lfpd;wd. ;Fs;> Map s ,is s ,oe; ; fpsHr;
Coy; kw;Wk; Nkhr bfshNyh rpq;fs kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Njhd;Wfpd;w vjpHg; Gf;fs;> Ml;rpapy; cs;s murhq; fj;ij khw;WtJ vd;w ,yf;F Nehf;fp vOr;rp nfhs;fpd;wdNt jtpu rpwPyq;fh mur ,ae;jp uj;ij Nehf;fp my;y. ve;j nthU rpq;fs fl;rpAk;> rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtj;jpw;F vjpuhf fz;ldk; njhptpg; gjpy;iy. Mapuf;fzf; fhd rpq;fs ,isQHfs; nfhLukhf nfhy; yg;gl;l NghJ $l> mjpfhuj;jpyp Ue;j murp ay;thjpfSf; Fk;> fl;rpf;Fk; vjpuhfj; jhd; czHtiyfs; Ftpf; fg;gl;ldNt jtpu> mur gilf Sf;Nfh> muR vd;w epWtdj; jpw;Nfh vjpuhf my;y.
,t;tpjk; rpq;fs kf;fs; rpwpyq;fh muir jkJ nrhe;j murhf fUJtjhy; ,e;j murpd; mlf;FKiw fSf;F vjpuhf ,q;Fs;s Vida r%fq;fs; nraw; gLk;NghJ> mij jkf;F vjpuhdjhf fUJfpd;w kNdh ghtk; rpq;fs kf;f spilNa cUthfpAs;sJ. ,jd; tpis thf ,e;j murpdhy; ,q;Fs;s Vida r%fq;fs; mlf;fg;gLk; NghJ> mij Mjhpg;gtHf shf mtHfs; khWfpd;whH fs;. Fwpg;ghf  mjpy; Neub ahfTk;> jhHkPf hPjpahfTk; gq;F nfhs;tjpYk; rpq; fs kf;fspilNa cWjpAk; xUikg; ghLk; fhzg;gLfpd; wJ. ,t;thW Nghpd thjj;ij ghJfhf; Fk; rf;jpfshf -Nghpdthjj; jpw;F ntF[dj; jsj;ij toq;Fgth;fshf rpq;fs kf;fs; khwpAs;sdh;.
xt;nthU r%fKk; jhd; NjHT nra;fpd;w ghijapy;> jdf;NfAhpa jdpj;Jtkhd gz;GfSld; ,aq;Ftjw;fhd chpikiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpd; wJ. ,e;j tifapy;> rpwpyq;fh muRld; rpq;fs kf;fs; nfhz; Ls;s cwit kjpg;gJk;> Ghpe;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJk; ,d;ndhU Njrk; vd;wtifapy; vkJ flikahfpd;wJ. vdpDk; ,e;jg; Ghpjy;> rpq;fs r%fk; ,q;Fs;s gpw r%fq;fs; kPJ Mjpf;fk; rpq;fs murhfNt nray;gl;L te;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,tw;wpd; tpisthf> rpq;fs kf;fs; rpwpyq;fh muRld; neUf;fkhf gpizf;fg;gl; lhHfs;. mtHfs;> rpwpyq;fh muir jkJ nrhe;j Njr murhf chpik nfhz;lhHfs;. ;g $bas
rpwpyq;fh muir fl;Lg; ;F s;jPt pu
gLj;Jtjpy;> njhopy;Kiw ; epyT
murpay;thjpfSk;> ngsj;j kjgPlq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfSk; fh murp j;Jfpd;w ;f> r%f
gpujhd ,lj;ij tfpf;fpwhHfs; vd;gJ ehkwpe;jNj. rpwpyq; fhtpy; eilKiwapYs;s rpq;fs Njrk; !
spd; fhu ; rpq;fs ;ghl;il
NjHjy; KiwahdJ> ghuhS kd;wj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ik gpujp ;. ,Ug; pd; xU
vdNt> vkJ Njrj;jpd; nghJthd Jauq;fspdJk;> ;duhd
rhjidfspdJk;>
akhFk; Ue;jd. rpq;fs murpd; epWtd
ntw;wpfspd njhFj;J tuyhw;W nra;Nthk;. jiy rk;gtq;fis
Jk; Kiwahf;fk; tuyhw;iw vkf;
epjpfis nfhz;Ls;s fl;rp> murhq;fj;ij mikf;fTk;> mjDhlhf rpwpyq;fh murpd; kPJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tYTld; fl;Lg;ghl;il NgZtjw;Fk; tha;g;gspf;fpd;wJ. mjdhy; murhq;fj;ij mikf;fpd;w ve;jnthU fl;rpAk;> rpwpyq;fh murpD}lhd mlf;FKiw elt bf;iffSf;F> rpq;fs kf;f spilNa fzprkhd vz;zpf; ifapdhpd; Mjuit ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ rhj;jpakhfpd;wJ.
,t;thW rpwpyq;fh muRf; Fk;> rpq;fs kf;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa cWjpahd gpizg;G cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j gpizg;G ,d;Wtiu gytPdg; gLj;jg;glhky; ePbf; fpd;wJ. tWikAk;> tho;f;if Rik fSk; mjpfhpg;gjd; fhuz khfNth> muR epWtdq;fspy;
-
ngUk;
Nfw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s oHfspd; ; gpu[h l;lik> ngsj;j yikg;G
mtkhdq;fs;> ,opgLj;jy;fs;> nfhLikfs; Jauq;fs; midj;ijAk; vk;ik jOtp> ,izf;fpd;w epHthf
typikkpf;f epidTfshf wfspy; . . vd>
cUkhw;WNthk; .
;fska pl;lkpl;l ahfTk; te;jpUf;
tWkNd yf;Fs; ,it e;jj;jpy; q; fspd; gpur;rhu ; rpq;fs g;NghJk; cWjpA t;thNw fyhr;rhu gzp tsH R KOtPr; f;fpd;wJ. > fy;tp> idfis h muR
(njhlHr;rp 7k; gf;fj;jpy;)
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kiyaf jkpo; NjrKk; Raeph;za Nj
rkhf kf;fs; jk;ik
chpikAk; !
Fif xUq;fpizg;gJ vd;gJ mk;kf;fs; jpuspd; murpay; tuyhw;W topg;gl;l epfo;Tg; Nghf;fhFk;. kiyafj; jkpouJ murpay; tuyhwhdJ nrOikahdJk; tPukpf;fJkhd Nghuhl;lj;Jld; $bajhFk;. ,e;E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj; jpy; cUg;ngw;w kpfg; gykhd njhopw; rq;fq;fs; kiyafj; jkpoiu ika khff; nfhz;litahFk;. Mjpf;fg; gphpTfis mjph;r;rpf;Fs;shf;Fk; tifapy; ,lJrhhpfisg; gyg;gLj;jp ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; 7Mrdq;fs; ,lJ rhhpfSf;Ff; fpilf;ff; fhuzkha ike;jJ kiyafj; jkpohpd; thf;Fg; gyk;jhd;. ,jd; fhuzkhf rpq;fs NrhTdpr - Kjyhspj;Jt murpay; jiyikapd; gopthq;fYf;Fs;shfp jkJ mbg;gil chpikahd gpu[h Thpikia $l;lhf ,oe;j Njrkhf kiyafj; jkpoh; Mf;fg;gl;ldh;. me;epiyapYk; jkJ Nghh;f;Fzhk; rj;ij ,of;fhJ mjw;nfjpuhf njhlh; Nghuhl;lq;fs; epfo;j;jpath;fs;. jdpr;rpq;fsr; rl;lk; mKyhf;fg;gl;l NghJ mij vjph;j;J kiyafnkq;Fk; jkpo;nkhopAhpikf;fhfg; Nghuhl; lq;fis elj;jp jkJ nkhopAhpikiag; ghJfhj;jpl vOr;rp nfhz;lth;fs;. . . . . ,t;thW kiyafj; jkpohpd; murpay; Nghuhl;l tuyhW ,d;W tiuapYk; njhlh;fpwJ.
jkf;Nfahd nghJthd tuyhw;W mDgtq;fis - $lNt tuyhw;Wj; Jauq;fisf; nfhz;l kf;fs; jkJ nghJthd mDgtq;fs; - Jauq;fs; kw;Wk; rhjidfspD}lhf jkf;fpil Naahd nghJ xw;Wikia ,dq;fhz; fpd;wdh;. ,e;jg; nghJ czh;Tjhd; mk;kf;fs; jk;ik Njrkhf xUq;fp izf;Fk; murpay; tpopg;Gzh;Tg; Gs;spaha; cs;sJ. jkpofj;jpd; njd; khtl;lq;fspypUe;J ciog;gpw;fhf nfhydpj;Jtthjpfshy; fly; fle;J mioj;Jtug;gl;l kf;fs; ,yq;ifapd; kj;jpa kiyehl;by; Fbakh;j;jg;gl;ldh;. jkJ iffspd; gyj;jhy; fhLfis mopj;J kiyfspy; gaph; tpistpj;jdh;. ciog;gpd; %yk; fpilj;j MSikapy; jkJ chpikfis NkYk; cWjpg; gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Kad;w NghJ gpu[h Thpik gwpf;fg;gl;ldh;. murpay; xg;ge; jq;fspd; %yk; gyte;jkhf ehL flj;jg;gl;ldh;. cwTfs; Jz;lh lg;gLjy;> cstpay; Jauk;> fbd ciog;G> tWik> Nghpdthj mlf;F Kiw> caph;tho;T kPjhd mr;RWj;jy; . . . . ahTk; kiyafj; jkpohpd; nghJ mDgtkhf - nghJj; Jaukhf ,k;kf; fSf;Fs; gbe;Js;sJ. ,g;nghJthd tuyhw;W czh;Tjhd; kiyafj;
(njh jkpohpd; Njrpa tpopg;Gzh;Tg; Gs;sp.
dhy; cilf 60fspd; gpw;gFjpapy; cUg;ngw;w
Kiw epyTf kiyafj; jkpoh; vDk; fUj;jhf;fk;
re;NjfNkw;g kiyafj; jkpoh; jk; Njrpa tpopg;Gzh;
tutiof;fg tpd; ntspg;ghNlahFk;.
3. njh Njrj;jpd; ngUksT kf;fs;
murpay; f gphptpdiu njhopyhsg; gphptpduhff;
jkpouJ r% nfhz;bUg;gJ ,j;Njrj;jpw;NfAhpa
khw;wq;fs; V Neh;kiwj; jdpj;JtkhFk;. njhopyhs
mf;fiw nf th;f;fj;jpd; jiyikapy; Njrk; jd;id
kf;fs; kj;j xUq;fpizf;Fk; - jdJ Njrpa
fl;rprhh; g milahsj;ij cUtfg;gLj;Jk;
kf;fis j gz;ghdJ nghJtpy; Njrpa cUthf;
itj;jpUf fq;fspy; kpfTk; mhpjhff; fhzg;gL
tUfpd;wd. tjhFk;. kiyafj; jkpoh; Njrpa
th;fisf; f cUthf;fj;jpy; ,g;gz;G ntspg;g
fis Fz ilahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld;
RahjPdkhd ,j;Njr kf;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd
FtJ. . Ng th;fs; jk;ik vg;nghOJk; ];jhgd
kf;fs; Rak tbtj;jpw;Fs; itj;jpUg;gJ ,j;Nj
,it jLj;J rj;jpd; ,d;DnkhU tpNr\j;JtkhFk;.
4. mur vdpDk; kiyafj; jkpoh; jk;ik xU
(vd;. [p. X Njrkhf Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp jkJ Njrpa
vy;iyf;Fl ,af;fj;ij Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhd
tho;T kPJ m tha;g;Gfs; kpfTk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Nl
nghpJk; nry As;sd. kiyafj; jkpohpd; Njrpa
kf;fis r% murpay; vOr;rpia mlf;Fk; fhuzpf
Sld; fl;bg shf gpd;tUgit mike;Js;sd.
murpay; Ngh 1. mur ,ae;jpuk; : rpq;fs NrhTdpr murhdJ kiyafj; jkpohpd; murpay; gyj;ijAk; Njr cUthf;fj; ijAk; kOq;fbf;Fk; tifapy; kiya fj;jpy; jpl;lkpl;l FbNaw;wq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpwJ. ,J kiyafj; jkpohpd; r%f - fyhr;rhu tho;T>
murpay; ePf kiyafj;j ,d;W mur fUj;Jf;fS %yk; jkJ gpuf;iQia fg;gl;L tUf ghJfhg;Gzh;T> murpay; nraw;ghL
kiya kw;Wk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; epyTk; jkf;fp
Jk; etPd ilapyhd cs;Nehf;fpa cwT (Njrpa
Ug;gjpy; m tho;T) Mfpatw;iw rpijg;gjhAs;sJ.
eph;thfk;> mj;Jld; midj;Jtpjkhd td;Kiw
mur rhh;gw fisAk; - njhlh;r;rpahd fz;fhzpg;G>
,e;ehd;F ifJfs;> Jd;GWj;jy;fs; - jdJ mjp
,ize;J fhu epWtdq;fSf;$lhf gpuNahfpg;g
,tw;W jd; %yk; kiyaf jkpoiu ve;NeuKk;
fhzg;gLk; jkJ caph;tho;T gw;wpa mr;r czh;
rhjpa Kiw tpw;F rpq;fs muR js;sptpl;Ls;sJ.
Njr murpai 2. Njhl;l eph;thfk; : 90fspd; gpd;
ahAs;sJ. , Njhl;lq;fis nghWg;Ngw;w jdpahh;
vjph;kiwg; g Njhl;l Kfhikj;Jtq;fs; jkJ yhg
kiyaf Nehf;fj;ij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L
vOr;rpf;F K kpfTk; ,Wf;fkhd tpjpKiwfis
fisnay;y Njhl;lq;fspy; mKy;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd.
thjj;jhy; j Njhl;l eph;thfj;jpdhy; Kd;ndg;Ngh
njhlh;ghd t ijAk; ,y;yhjthW Njhl;lq;fspy;
mjpfhpj;J thOk; kiyafj; jkpoh; kPjhd
mlf;FKi fz;fhzpg;G jPtpukile;Js;sJ. kf;fs;
jd;dpay;gh Njhl;lj;ij tpl;L ntspNa nry;tJ
ngw;W tUf kw;Wk; Njhl;lj;jpw;Fs; Gjpath;fs;
jkpohpd; Njr (cwtpdh;) tUtJ ahTk; eph;thfj;jpd;
mh;j;jj;jpy; fz;fhzpg;Gf; Fs;shtJld; Njhl;lj; jp;w;F tUk; fbjq;fs; $l eph;thfj;jp
ek;i kg
6

jkpo; NjrKk; a chpikAk; !
h;Tg; Gs;sp. Ug;ngw;w
Fiffs; Uj;jhf;fk; tpopg;Gzh;
T kf;fs; hptpduhff; ;jpw;NfAhpa ;. njhopyhs rk; jd;id J Njrpa g;gLj;Jk; pa cUthf; ; fhzg;gL poh; Njrpa ;G ntspg;g . mj;Jld; d;ikahd k; ];jhgd ;gJ ,j;Nj j;JtkhFk;. h; jk;ik xU kJ Njrpa ;gjw;fhd j;jg;gl;Nl hpd; Njrpa k; fhuzpf s;sd.
: rpq;fs fj; jkpohpd; Uthf;fj; apy; kiya w;wq;fis kiyafj; hu tho;T> ; nraw;ghL Tk; jkf;fp wT (Njrpa ;gjhAs;sJ. td;Kiw z;fhzpg;G> ; - jdJ mjp gpuNahfpg;g ve;NeuKk; r;r czh; ;Ls;sJ. 0fspd; gpd; ;w jdpahh; ; jkJ yhg ; nfhz;L iwfis p tUfpd;wd. d;ndg;Ngh l;lq;fspy; oh; kPjhd ;sJ. kf;fs; a nry;tJ jpath;fs; ph;thfj;jpd; d; Njhl;lj; eph;thfj;jp
(njhlHr;rp 7k; gf;fj;jpy;) dhy; cilf;fg;gLk; msTf;F mlf;F Kiw epyTfpwJ. eph;thfj;jpw;F rpwpJ re;NjfNkw;gl;lhYk; clNdNa nghyp]; tutiof;fg;gLfpwJ.
3. njhopw;rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; murpay; fl;rpfs; :; kiyafj; jkpouJ r%f kw;Wk; murpay; tho;tpy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;glhJ ,Ug;gjpy; kpfTk; mf;fiw nfhz;Ls;s ,e;epWtdq;fs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; njhopw;rq;f kw;Wk; fl;rprhh; gphptpidfis Vw;gLj;jp kf;fis jkJ nry;thf;fpd; fPo; itj;jpUf;f njhlh;e;Jk; Kad;W tUfpd;wd. kf;fSf;fhf nraw;gLg th;fisf; fhl;bf; nfhLg;gJ> mbahl; fis Fz;lh;fis Vtp kf;fspd; RahjPdkhd Nghuhl;lq;fis eRf; FtJ. . Nghd;w eltbf;iffshy; kf;fs; Rakhd murpaypy;  Njhl;l eph;thfk;> njhopw;rq;fq;fs;> mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fs; Mfpa ,e;ehd;F fhuzpfSk; gu];guk; ,ize;J nraw;gLfpd;wd.
,tw;Wld; kiyaf r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; xg;gPl;lstpy; ,Wf;fkhd rhjpa KiwikAk; kf;fs; jkf;fhd Njr murpaiy Kd;ndLg;gjw;F jil ahAs;sJ. ,jpy; rhjpa gpuKfh;fspd; vjph;kiwg; ghj;jpuk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
kiyafj; jkpoh; Njrpa murpay; vOr;rpf;F Kl;Lf;fl;il NghLk; fhuzp fisnay;yhk; fle;J rpq;fsg; Nghpd thjj;jhy; jhk; mlf;fg;gl;L tUtJ njhlh;ghd tpopg;Gzh;T kf;fs; kj;jpapy; mjpfhpj;J tUfpwJ. Nghpdthj mlf;FKiwf;nfjpuhf Mq;fhq;F jd;dpay;ghd Nghuhl;lq;fs; tsh;r;rp ngw;W tUfpd;wd. ,it kiyafj; jkpohpd; Njrpa vjph;fhyk; gw;wp Neh;kiw mh;j;jj;jpy; fl;bak; $WtdthAs;sd. ek;i kg;nghWj;j tiuapy;> jkJ
mth;fspd; kdpjj; jd;ikaw;w muh[fq;fs; vd; ,jag;ghiwapy; Fiffisf; File;Jtpl;ld. khWk; #o;epiyapy; fz;fs; gjpj;J> ,e;jf; fhl;by; ehd;> vr;rhpf;ifNahL elf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,g;NghJ fhyk; khwptpl;lJ> ,q;Fk; mq;Fk; vjph;g;Gfs; ntbf;fpd;wd.
ey;yJ nfl;lJ gw;wpa Fuiyf; ftdpj;jgb ehd; ,t;tsT ehl;fs; mikjpahf ,Ue;Njd;.
Mdhy;> ,g;NghJ kdpj chpikfSf;fhf ehd; neUg;ig tprpwpLNtd;.
vd;iwf;FNk jhahf ,y;yhj - Nftyk;> G+idf;Fk; eha;f;Fkhd tho;itf; $l ekf;Fj; juhj ,e;j ,lj;jpw;F - ,e;j epyj;jpw;F - ehk; vg;gb te;J Nrh;e;Njhk;? mth;fspd; kd;dpf;f Kbahj ghtq;fis rhl;rpahf itj;J ,Njh! ,q;NfNa> ,g;NghNj ehd; xU fyff;fhudhf khWfpNwd;!
- N[hjpyQ;Nrth;
jkpopy;: ,uh. tpraFkhh;> ed;wp: jypj; ,yf;fpak;
jkpoPok; - khHfop 1999

Page 7
,dthj nr nrYj;j KbAk; vd;gijNah>
czHTfSNk mbg;gil fhu ,e;j r%fq;fs; jkf;Fhpa
zk;. fle;j miu Ehw;whz;L ghijfspy; ,aq;Ftij jLf;
fhy ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tu fyhk; vd;gijNah Fwpf;fhJ.
yhwhdJ> ,dq;fSf;fpil jdf;Fhpa topapy; ,aq;F
Naahd td;Kiw Nkhjy;fis tjw;F> rpq;fs r%fk; vj;j
Ak;> ,q;Fs;s gpujhd r%fq;fs; ifa chpikiaf; nfhz;bUf;
jdpj;jdp Njrq;fshf cUg; fpd;wNjh mNj chpikia ,q;
ngw;W te;jpUg;gijAk;> jkf; Fs;s Vida r%fq;fSk;
nfd jdpahd muir my;yJ
xw;iwahl;r ijAk; kiw fhuzkhf ngw;Wtplyh md;W 5 tUl jiltpjpj;J njhlHr;rpah te;jJ> mt ;ntWk; rk;gt
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gNj
murpay; mjpfhuq;fis ngW
80 fspy ,q;F cs;shHe;Js;s jHf;f
tij Nehf;fp NkYk; NkYk; Kd;
jiyikapd khFk;.
nry;tijAk; gjpT nra;Js;s rpq;fs kf;fs; kj;jpapy;> r%f mstpy; gbe;Js;s ,j
jPHkh dpg;gjh mike;jpUe rpia njhlH fis nfhz vkJ MjuT gad;gLj;jp spy;; ehk; n ghlq;fSk;> lk; ngw;w Fw ntw;wpfS Njhy;tpia xw;Wiki ,g;NghJ vkJ mtHfsJ epHzapf;Fk ghL khwp tU
ekJ Nj ukhd ghj;j ,g;NghJ t fUj;Jnjh murpay; xw gpuNahfpf;f nghJ epfo nraw;glf;$ Ftpf;f Ntz xd;whf ek;K kiyafj;... (6Mk; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp)
tuyhwhfNt wJ.
mike;jpUf;fpd;
;jifa ,dg;gifikAk; Mjp
ePbf;Fk; Aj;jj;jpd; mopT f;f czHTk; vspjpy; mfw;wg;
fspypUe;J tho;f;ifr; Rikfsp glf; $bait my;y. cyfstpy;
ypUe;Jk; kPz;Lnfhs;tJ vd;gJ jhk; rpWghd;ikap dH vd;Wk;
,q;Fs;s r%fq;fs; jkJ murp jdf;F NtW ,lk; ,y;iy
ay; chpikfis> jkf;Fhpa tpj vd;Wk; mr;rg;gLj;jg; gl;Lk;
j;jpy; mDgtpf;f $ba R+oy; jkJ tWikf;Fk;> Jauq;fSf;
cUthf;fg;gLtjpNyNa jq;fp Fk; ,q;Fs;s Vida r%fq;
apUf;fpd;wJ. mg;NghJ ,q;F fNs fhuzk; vd;W gifikA+l;
s;s r%fq;fs; jdpahd Njrq; lg;gl;Lk; ,Uf;fpd;w epiyapy;
fs; vd;w Gjpa ghpkhzj;Jld; ,e;j r%fq;fs; njhlHghf>
capHj;njOk;! mit rfNjrq; rpq;fs kf;fs; kj;jpapy;> cld
fs; vd;w murpay; milahsj; bahf murpay; hPjpapy; Kw;Nghf;
Jld; jkf;fpilNa rkj;Jt fhd gpujpgypg;Gfs; ntspg;gLk;
cwTfis fl;bnaOg;Gfpd;w vd;W vjpHghHg;gJ murpay;
cd;dj epiy cUthFk;! mg; tpNtfkpd;ikiaNa Fwpf;Fk;.
NghJ> gy;fyhr;rhu> gy;ypd> ,d;W ,q;F  jdpj;jdp Njrq; fshf cUg;ngw;wpUg;gjw;F rpq;fs Njrj;jplk; ntspg;gL fpd;w ,dntWg;Gk;> Mjpf;f
gy;Njr ,Ug;G cWjpahf;fg; gl;Ls;s Gtpg;gug;gpy;> rpq;fs Njrj;Jld;>  K];yPk; kf;fs; ntspNaw;wg;gl;lJ Fwpj;Jk; td;dpapypUe;J rpq;fs ,uhZtk; ntspNaw;w gl;lJ Fwpj;Jk; jkpoPoj;jpy; te;jpUe;j Mf;fq;fs; jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rp jkpo; kf;fspd; tpLjiy vd;fpw ,yf;fpypUe;Nj tplaq;fis Muha;fpwJ vd;gij Nfhbl;L fhl;bapUf;fpwJ. td;dpapy; milag;ngw;w ,uhZt ntw;wp jkpo; #oypy; ,d;W epyTk; ghrpr Nghf;if mg;gbNa NgzTk; kf;fspd; [dehaf cupikfs; njhlHe;Jk; kWf;fg;glTkhd re;jHg;gj;ij toq;fp tpLfpwJ vd;gijAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; Njr tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpy; epyTk; kf;fs; tpNuhj Nghf;Ffshy; mjpUg;jpAw;wpUf;Fk; gpuptpdiu Gypfis Nehf;fp js;sptpLk; ifq;fupaj;ij nra;tjd; %yk; [dehaf> kf;fs; tpNuhj Nghf;FfSf;F KbT fl;Ltjw;fhd Kaw;rpfSf;F ghjfk; Vw;gLk; vd;gijAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gl;bUg;gpd; fl;Liu KOikaile;jpUf;Fk;.
khjtd;
7
rpq;fsj;... (5Mk; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp)
chpik ,th;fisNar; rhUk;. RahjPd khd kiyaf gpuNjr Rahl;rpah? rpq;fs muRld; cld;gbf;if nra;J nfhz;L $l;lurhq;fk; mikg;gjh? my;yJ kiyafj; jkpoh; nrwpthf thOk; gpuNjrq;fis Nehf;fp nkhj;j kiya fj; jkpoUk; efh;e;J nrwpthd rdj;njhif guk;giy Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jkJ ghJfhg;ig cj;juthjg;
gLj;jpf; nfh epyg;gug;i kiyafj; j jh? vd;gJ a murpay; vj ,j; Njrj;j ay; MSik ,it jPh;khd vJTk; kiy ukhd Njrk
2. ,W xU mi ne ,y Nji xU jq ty nt $w mr
rkfhy.. (1Mk; gf;fj

cyf epfo;Tfs; ,jidNa ep&gpj;j tz;zk; cs;sd. murpay; Fj;jif kNdhghtj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L> midj;J Njrparf;jpfisAk; xd;W Ftpj;J jhf;fj;ij epfo;j;Jtij Nehf;fp ekJ ftdj;ij Ftpf;f Ntz; Lk; vd jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rp miw$ty; nra;fpd;wJ.
jw;NghJ ekJ Njrj;Jf;Fs; epyTk; Vida murpay; fUj;J NtWghLfis Njr eydpy; epd;W jPHj;Jf;nfhs;s fhyk; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ vd;w ajhHj;jj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> vjpupfs; Fwpj;J jw;NghJ ehk; te;jile;Js;s xUkpj;j fUj;ij ntw;wpfukhf nraw;gLj;jTk;> ,jDhlhf vkJ ,yf;if kpftpiutpy; rhj;jpakhf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk; vkJ Njrpa xw;Wikia ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
,g;gbahd NjHjy;fis gad;gLj;jp vkJ NjrpatpLjiyf;fhd Kof; fj;ij VNfhgpj;J gpufldk; nra;tjh apDk; rup> my;yJ vkJ ,Wjp ntw;wpia rhj;jpakhf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; rpq;fs; Ml;rp gPlq;fis rpijg;gJ> mtHfSf;Fs; fhzg;gLk; Kuz;ghLfis gad;gLj; JtjhapDk; rup> ehk; rupahd jUzj; jpy;> kpfTk; njspthd murpay; KbT fis vLj;J fhj;jpukhd jhf;fj;ij ehk; epfo;j;j Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf ekJ Njrj;jpYs;s Njrgf;j rf;jpfs; jkf;Fs; xU epfo;r;rp epuiy cUthf;fp neUq;fpg;Ngr xU NeHikahd muq;if cUthf;FtJ Nehf;fpAk; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk;. jw;NghJ ekJ Njrj;jpypUe;J ntspg;gLk;> jd;dpay;ghdJk; gpuf;iQ G+Htkhd Jkhd epfo;Tfs; ,jidNa typAWj;Jfpd;wd. mtutH jdpj;J tq;fSld; ,e;j murpay; nghJNkil ia cUthf;f NeHikahf ciog; Nghk;> ,g;NghjpUe;Nj ,jid njhlf;FNthk;!
;yPk; kf;fs; ; ntspNaw;w s; fl;rp jkpo; pwJ vd;gij ntw;wp jkpo; pd; [dehaf ;fp tpLfpwJ ghuhl;lj;jpy; iu Gypfis f;fs; tpNuhj fk; Vw;gLk; ;gpd; fl;Liu
khjtd;
rkfhy... (1Mk; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp)
,dthj nraw;ghLfisAk;> ,d;dKk; il fhu hw;whz;L rpay; tu f;fpil jy;fis %fq;fs; hf cUg; k;> jkf; my;yJ
xw;iwahl;rp gw;wp Ngrpf;nfhz;bUg;g ijAk; kiwj;J> re;jpupf;fh vjpHg;Gf; fhuzkhf jkpoupd; thf;Ffis ngw;Wtplyhk; vd fw;gidapy; cs;sJ. md;W 5 tUlq;fs; vk;kPJ nghUshjhu jiltpjpj;Jk; $l;lhfj; jz;bj;Jk;> njhlHr;rpahd ,dmopg;G Nkw;nfhz;Lk; te;jJ> mtHfisg; nghWj;j tiuapy ;ntWk; rk;gtq;fs; jhd;.
is ngW
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pd; mopT ; Rikfsp J vd;gJ kJ murp ;Fhpa tpj ba R+oy; Na jq;fp J ,q;F d Njrq; j;Jld; rfNjrq; lahsj; rkj;Jt g;Gfpd;w Fk;! mg; gy;ypd> pahf;fg; ;> rpq;fs poh;fSk; fj; jkp tq;fis s;!
fis nfhz;L vk;ik eRf;Ft jw;Fk; vkJ MjuTfis ,Jtiu khwpkhwpg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;ldH. ,f;fhyq;f spy;; ehk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l frg;ghd ghlq;fSk;> gpd;dH tpLjiyg; Nghuhl; lk; ngw;w Fwpg;gplj;jf;f njhlHr;rpahd ntw;wpfSk; jw;NghJ mtHfspd; Njhy;tpia epHzapf;f $bajhf vkJ xw;Wikia gyg;gLj; jpAs;sJ. ,g;NghJ vkJ vjpHfhyj;ij kl;Lky;y> mtHfsJ ntw;wp Njhy;tpfisAk; epHzapf;Fk; rf;jpahf ekJ xUikg; ghL khwp tUfpd;wJ.
ekJ Njrk; fUj;J uPjpapy; fhj;jp ukhd ghj;jpuj;ij Mw;Wk; ,lj;ij ,g;NghJ te;jile;J tpl;lJ. ,e;j fUj;Jnjhw;Wikia eilKiw apy; murpay; xw;Wikahf> ntw;wpfukhf gpuNahfpf;f tpjj;jpy; jkpo; Njrj;jpd; nghJ epfo;r;rpepuypd; fPo; midtUk; nraw;glf;$bajhf vkJ rf;jpfis Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;. jw;NghJ xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf ek;Kd; epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;
k;. RahjPd
gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJld; jkf;fhd njhlh; pah? rpq;fs
epyg;gug;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ;J nfhz;L
kiyafj; jdpauir gpufldk; nra;t h? my;yJ
jh? vd;gJ ahTk; kiyaf Njrj;jpd; hf thOk;
murpay; vjph;fhyk; rhh;e;jitahFk;. j;j kiya
,j; Njrj;jpd; Njrpa Njitfs;> murp nrwpthd
ay; MSik> Nghuhl;l gyk; vd;gtw;why; Lj;Jtjd;
,it jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;. ,j;jPh;khdq;fs; j;juthjg;
vJTk; kiyafj; jkpo; Njrj;jpd; Rje;jp ukhd Njrk; rhh;e;j KbTfshapUf;f
Ntz;LNkad;wp ,k;kf;fspd; Raeph;za chpikapy; jiyaPL nra;aTk;> murpay; ifah s;if (manipulation) nra;aTk; ve;j rf;jpf;Fk; chpikapy;iy.
kiyafj; jkpohpd; Raeph;za chp ikg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rp midj;J tpjkhd xj;Jiog;Gf isAk; toq;Ftij jdJ flikahff; fhz;fpwJ.
tz;ld; 2. ,Wjp ,yf;if miltjw;F td;dpapypUe;J ,uhZtj;ij ntspNaw;WtJ xUgbnad ePq;fs; fUjpapUe;jJ Nghy jkpoPoj;jpd; Kd;gf;f nra;jp mike;jpUe;jJ. td;dpapy; murpd; nghUshjhu jilf;Fs;Sk; ,uhZt neUf;Fjy;fSf;Fs;Sk; rhjhuz jkpo; kf;fs; tho;fpwhHfs;. kWGwk; ,yq;if murpdhy; mDg;ggLk; czT nghUl;fNsh kUe;JfNsh kf;fspd; NjitfSld; xg;gpLifapy; kpfTk; nrhw;gNk. ,e;j nrhw;g nghUl;fspYk; xU gFjpia Gypfs; gwpj;J nfhs;tJk; mtw;iw kPsg;ngw Ntz;Lkhapd; jq;fSf;F mt;tt; FLk;gq;fspypUe;J xUtH gzpGupa Ntz;Lnkd typAWj;jpAk; te;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. nghJthfNt me;jpa ,uhZtk; ntspNaw;wg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w MHtk; jkpo; kf;fsplkpUe;jhYk; NkNy $wg;gl;l fl;lha NtiyKiwik Fwpj;J vt;tpj mf;fiwiaAk; mr;nra;jpapy; fhz Kbatpy;iy.
rpwp yz;ld;
jkpoPok; - khHfop 1999

Page 8
www.thamile
temk@temk.free
,
d mopg;igAk; mlf;FKiwfisAk; eilKiwg;gLj;jpw;nfhz;L rkj [dehafk;> rkhjhdk; gw;wpg; NgRfpd;w mgj;jq;fSf;F> tUfpd;w Ehw;whz;by; e KbT fl;lg;gLk;. njd;dhgpupf;fg; tpLjiyg; Nghuhsp kz;Nlyh $WtJ Nghy “kf;fspd; Ehw;whz;lhf kyul;Lk;”!
,d;W cyfstpy; eilngWk; ngUk;ghyhd Nghuhl;lq;fs;> Fw Njrpamlf;FKiwfSf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lq;fshfNt cs;sd. ,e;j Ehw;w ,Wjpf;fl;lj;jpy;> ,g;gbahd gy Nghuhl;lq;fs; Kbtpw;F nfhz;L tug;gLtj vj;jdq;fs;> kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ek; f eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. Nghuhl;lq;fspy; rpy Nghuhba kf;fspd; j ntw;wpfukhf Kbtpw;F nfhz;L tug;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. Gjpa ,sk; Njr m capHg;gile;J cyf tiuglj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;W tUfpd;wd. ,e;j ajhHj;j fhyq;fhykhf> NjrmuRfs; mikg;gjw;F $wg;gl;l gy tiutpyf;fzq;f jfHj;J> ep&gzq;fisj; je;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
gpwf;ftpUf;Fk; Ehw;whz;L gy Njrq;fspd; tpLjiyf;fhd Ehw;whz;L tupirapy; vkJ Njrj;jpd; tpLjiyAk;> Ehw;whz;ba Kw;gFjpapy; rhj;jpakhf;f N flik ek; Kd; cs;sJ. vy;yh mlf;FKiwahsHfisAk; Nghy> rpq;fs M rf;jpfSk; tuyhw;wpy; ,Ue;J jhkhf ghlk; fw;Wf; nfhs;sg; Nghtjpy;iy. kpFe;j nfhLj;NjDk; tuyhW gpd;Ndhf;fp jpUk;Gtjpy;iy vd;w ghlj;ij> mtHfSf;F f Ntz;ba nghWg;G ekJ Njhs;fspy; Rkj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ekJ ePz;l Nghuhl;lj;jpDhlhf gy gbg;gpidfis ehk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Ls ,Ue;Jk; Kf;fpakhd xU tplaj;ij fw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; njhlHe;Jk; jtwpi tUfpd;Nwhk;. Neubahf kf;fspd; gyj;jpy; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtj ,d;Dk; mjpf Jhuk; nry;y Ntz;batHfshf cs;Nshk;. mz;ikf;fhy tpLjiyg;Gypfs; mile;j ntw;wpfs; vkJ Njrj;jpd; ,yf;F Nehf;fpa xU ep&gzkhf kl;LNk cs;sJ. gy;NtW r%f rf;jpfSk; ,ize;j xU k Nghuhl;lkhf vkJ Nghuhl;lj;ij khw;wk; nra;tjw;F gy mbg;gil khw;wq;fis tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;lk; Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> Gwe;js;sKbahj fhuz mOj;jj;jpdhy;> rpy gz;GuPjpahd khw;wq;fis> ,jw;fhd mwpFwpfsh fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
jw;NghJ eilngwTs;s NjHjiy mZFtjpy;  kf;fspd; cs;shHe;j murpay; Njit NknyOe;J mjid gw;wpg;gpbj;J gyg;gLj;jp mLj;j fl;lj;jpw;F Nghuhl;lj;ij tsHj;J Ntz;baJ Gul;rpahsuJ flikahFk;. kf;fspd; cz;ikahd murpay; tpUg;G vd;gij gy;NtW mOj;jq;fs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; NghJ mjw;F rupahd nfhLf;f Ntz;baJk; Nghuhl;lj;jiyikfspd; flikahFk;. ntWk; ,u ntw;wpfspy; jpisj;jpUg;gJ tpLjiyg;GypfshapDk; rup> me;j ntw;wpfshy; ng mile;Js;s NjrkhapDk; rup vt;tsT jtwhd> kw;Wk; Mgj;jhd ,lj;jpw;F nfhz;L NrHf;Fk; vd;gij vkJ fle;j fhyKk;> ,J Nghd;w gy Nghuhl;l tuyhW fhl;bAs;sd.
fle;j fhyq;fspy;> gy ey;y Gul;rpfu fUj;Jf;fSk; Gul;rpahsHfSk; gpd;d kq;fp kiwe;J NghdJ Vd; vd;gjpypUe;Jk; ehk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. xU fh VfNghf jiyikahf ,Ue;jtHfs; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Njitia iftpLk; NghJ> m mjd; rupahd jpiria tpl;L tpyFk; NghJ> fhyhthjpahfp NghdJ Vd Nfs;tpapypUe;J ehKk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
rpq;fs muirAk; mjd; jiytHfisAk; ,d;W ekJ kf;fs; Kw;whfg; Gwf;f tpl;ldH. Nghuhl;lk; ntw;wp ngwTk; rHtNjr #oy; rhjfkhfp tUtijAk; czHe;J nfhz;Ls;sdH. mLj;jJ> vkJ kf;fspd; gq;F gw;WjYlhd tpl;Lf;nf njhlHr;rpahd Nghuhl;lj;jpw;fhd mj;jpthuk;> ,g;NghNj ,lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F kf;fspd; gue;J gl;l eyd;fis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jf;$ba Njrgf;j kw;Wk; Ng rf;jpfspd; gykhd ,izit cUthf;Ftij Nehf;fpajhf> vkJ NeHi Kaw;rpfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kf;fisAk;> kf;fSf;fhf NghuhLk; gy;NtW rf;jpf xU nghJ Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; xd;wpizf;Fk; ,e;j tuyhw;W Njitia nra;tjw;F> Nghuhl;lj;jpy;  vk; Njrj;jpd; Kd; ehk; vL cWjpnkhopahFk;.
8
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ditor’ x 4002 C IN 3XX ingdom ;L: hw;whz;L>
;L
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g;gLj;jpw;nfhz;L rkj;Jtk;> tUfpd;w Ehw;whz;by; epr;rak; z;Nlyh $WtJ Nghy> mJ
Nghuhl;lq;fs;> Fwpg;ghf cs;sd. ,e;j Ehw;whz;bd; ;F nfhz;L tug;gLtjw;fhd hjpYk;> ek; fz;Kd; Nghuhba kf;fspd; jug;gpy; . Gjpa ,sk; Njr muRfs; pd;wd. ,e;j ajhHj;jq;fs; gy tiutpyf;fzq;fisAk;
iyf;fhd Ehw;whz;L. ,e;j Fjpapy; rhj;jpakhf;f Ntz;ba sAk; Nghy> rpq;fs Mjpf;f g; Nghtjpy;iy. kpFe;j tpiy hlj;ij> mtHfSf;F fw;gpf;f
ehk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. py; njhlHe;Jk; jtwpioj;J ;lj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; ehk; ;Nshk;. mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; ; ,yf;F Nehf;fpa xU gFjp Sk; ,ize;j xU kf;fs; mbg;gil khw;wq;fis vkJ e;js;sKbahj fhuzpfspd; jw;fhd mwpFwpfshf; ehk;
j;jkpoupd; gy;NtW jug;Gfs; d rhd;whFk;. gy jw;nray; y; Njit NknyOe;J tUk;. ghuhl;lj;ij tsHj;J nry;y kahd murpay; tpUg;G vd;d ghJ mjw;F rupahd tbtk; ikahFk;. ntWk; ,uhZt p> me;j ntw;wpfshy; ngUkpjk; ; Mgj;jhd ,lj;jpw;F vk;ik d;w gy Nghuhl;l tuyhWfSk;
Gul;rpahsHfSk; gpd;dile;J hs;s Ntz;Lk;. xU fhyj;jpy; tia iftpLk; NghJ> my;yJ thjpahfp NghdJ Vd; vd;w
kf;fs; Kw;whfg; Gwf;fzpj;J jfkhfp tUtijAk; kf;fs; gw;WjYlhd tpl;Lf;nfhlhj> ,lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F vkJ ba Njrgf;j kw;Wk; Nghuhl;l ;fpajhf> vkJ NeHikahd ghuhLk; gy;NtW rf;jpfisAk; tuyhw;W Njitia epiwT Sf;Fk; ,jd;ghy; mf;fiw d;ifnaLg;Gfis nra;tjw;F pfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ,JNt rj;jpd; Kd; ehk; vLf;Fk;
kiyafj;... (1Mk; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp)
vd;gij czHe;J nfhz;l murpay; czHTila kf;fSk;> ,se;jiyikapd; ngUk;ghyhdtHfSk; jkf;F khw;Wj; jiyikahf kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzpia mtHfis tupj;Jf;nfhz;L> fLikahd neUf;fbfisAk; mr;RWj;jy;fisAk; vjpHnfhz;L xU murpay; rf;jpahf khw;wpdH. ,Ue;Jk; ,njhf njhz;lkhid Nghy> ,f;fl;rpAk; rYif mspf;fg;gl;L ,dthj murpdhy; tpiyf;F thq;fg;gl;lJ ,e;j kf;fSf;F ngUj;j Vkhw;wj;ij mspj;jJ.
A+vd;gp Ml;rpf;fhyj;ij tpl re;jpupf;fhtpd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; jk;kPjhd mlf;FKiwfs; mjpfupj;jJld;> kpf Nkhrkhd mtkhdq;fis re;jpj;Jk; te;jikahy; fle;j 5 Mz;LfSf;Fs; ele;j khfhz> kw;Wk; cs;s+uhl;rp NjHjy;fspy; ,njhf tpd; Nfhupf;iff Sf;Fk; nrtprha;f;fhJ kf;fs; re;jpupf;fh muRf;F vjpuhf thf;fspj;jdH.
,e;j ajhHj;jq;fis fUj;jpy; nfhz;l re;jpuNrfud; jdJ gpujp mikr;rH gjtpia Jwe;J jw;NghJ A+vd;gpf;F Mjuthf nraw;glj;njhlq;fpAs;shH. jk;kPJ mlf;FKiwia gpuNahfpj;j xU jug;gpw;F vjpuhf ntspg;gl;l kf;fspd; murpay; czHtiyfis kw;nwhU jug;gpw;F Mjuntd ,e;j jiytHfs; nkhopngaHg;G nra;J nfhz;L> kWgbAk; mNjtpj tprr;#oYf;Fs; rpf;fpf;nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,t;thwhd epiy njhlUnkdpy;> ehis tUk; NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspf;fNt Kbahj mstpw;F kiyaf jkpoH rpijf;fg;gl;Lk; rpjwbf;fg;gl;Lk; NghFk; NghJ> ,e;j jiytHfs; NjHjy; Nfl;fNt njhFjpfs; ,y;yhky;g; NghFk; rhj;jpak; fzprkhfNt cs;sJ.
kiya jkpoHfspd; cz;ikahd Njrpa mgpyhirfisAk;> murpay; czHitAk; mtHfs; kPjhd mlf;FKiwfs; kw;Wk; ,dmopg;gpd; cz;ikahd gupkhzj;ijAk;> mk;kf;fspd; jiytHfs; vd;W $wpf; nfhs;gtHfs;> rupahf ehbgpbj;jwpe;J> cldb kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy; jpl;lkpl;L nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijNa mk;kf;fs; ehb epw;fpd;wdH.
jkpoPok; - khHfop 1999