Page 1
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vjpHj;J xU ehs; MHg;ghl;lj;ij

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NghHKidapy; 2000
fLikahd nghUshjhu gLNjhy;tpfs;. neUf;fbfs;> ntspg;gilahd rHtNjrmOj;jq;fs;. NjrpatpLjiy Nehf;fpa ekJ kf;fspd; MHtKk; gy;NtW ntFrd Nghuhl;- lq;fspd; mjpfupg;Gk;. ekJ kf;fs; rpwpyq;fh muR kPJ ntspg;gLj;jpa ntspg;gilahd ntWg;G. midj;ijAk; fzpg;gPL nra;j rpq;fs muR xU Gjpa vj;jdpg;ig njhlf;fpAs;sJ.
rkhjhd topapy; jkpo;Njrpa gpur;ridf;F murpay; jPHT fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;w tplaj;ij jw;NghJ rw;W tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwapy; murpay; muq;fpw;F nfhz;L te;Js;sJ. ,J ekJ Njrj;jpw;Fs;Sk; ntspapYk; gugug;ghd tplakhf cs;sJ. xt;nthU jug;G k;jj;j kJ eyd;rhHe;j Nfhup- f;iffis Kd;itf;fj; njhlq;fpAs;- sijAk; fhzKbfpd;wJ. rpwpyq;fh NjrKk; mjd; gy;NtW gpuptpdUk; murpay; jPHTKaw;rpf;F xUkpj;j fUj;Jld; cs;sjhf – cz;ikapy;; mt;t hW ,y;y hj NghJk;- tpsk;g ug;- gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
cz;ikahd murpay; jPHtpid> vkJ kf;fspd; tpLjiyf;fhf Nghuh- LgtHfSk;> mlf;fg;gLk; ek; kf;fis Nerpg;gtHfSk; vd;W Nk tpUk;G- fpd;wdH. jk;kPJ jpzpf;fg;gl;l mlf;- FKiwia jfHj;njwpe;J Rje;jpu fhw;- iw Rthrpf;fTk; mikjpahf thoTk; tpUk;Gk; vkJ kf;fs; jkf;F njupe;j midj;J topKiwfspYk; rkhjh- dj;jpw;fhTk; murpay; jPHtpw;fhfTk; fLikahf ciof;fpd;wdH. kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; murpay; jPh;T Nfhup ekJ Njrk; fisj;Jf; iftpl;l jUzj;jpy; murp- ay; jPHTf;F xU Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;- gLtjhf njupfpd;wJ.
murpay; uPjpahf gpur;ridia jPHf;FkhW> vkJ Nfhupf;iffs; te;j Nghnjy;yhk; ,e;j mlf;FKiwahsH- fs; vkf;F nfhLukhd Aj;jj;ij gjp- yhf je;Js;sdH. ,Ue;Jk; jkf;NfAupa fglj;jdj;Jld;> mtHfSk; vk;ik tpl gykhf> jhNk Kjd; Kjypy; rkhjhdk; gw;w pAk;jPHT gw;w pAk;NgRgtHfshf fhl;bf;nfhs;Sk; re;jHg;gq;fs; mbf;fb epfo;fpd;wd. ,Jnty;yhk;> vg;Ngh- njd;why;?. . .mtHfs; gytPdkhFk;NghJ> mbthq;fp Fg;Gw tpOk;NghJ> rHtNjr mOj;jk; fLikahfp epjp fld; cjtpfs; kw;Wk; Aj;j jsthlq;fs; jq;Fj- ilapd;wp tUtJ kl;Lg;gLj;Jk;NghJ> my;yJ mLj;j Gjpa jsj;jpy; Aj;jj;jpw;F jahuhtjw;F mtfhrk; Njitg;gLk;NghJ. . . .
,g;gbahd xt;nthU re;jHg;gj;jp- Yk; vjpupfs; murpay; jPHT gw;wp fijasg;gH. ,e;j xt;nthU re;jHg;- gj;jpYk; mtHfspd; ,ul;il mZFK- iwapid tuyhw;wpy; gyjlit mDg- tpj;Js;Nshk;. gz;lh-nry;th xg;ge;jk;> ll;yp-nry;th xg;ge;jk;> rpwpkh-nry;th cld;ghL> ,e;jpa-,yq;if xg;ge;jk;> gpNukjhr tpd; Kaw;rpfs;> jw;Nghija re;jpupfh muR tiu ,e;j tif fglj;jdj;ijAk; Vkhw;Wjy;fisAk;
2
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jw;NghJk; re;jpupfh muR jPh;T Kaw;rpia Kd;itj;Js;sJ. jd; kPjhd jhf;Fjy; Kaw;rpf;F gpd;dUk;> ,e;j jpirapy; jhd; risf;fhJ  A+vd;X Tk; kw;wa rHtNjr mikg;GfSk; ,q;F #oypay;> kw;Wk; fopTf;fhy;tha; gpur;ridfis kl;Lk; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;- lhy; NghJk; vd tPutrdk; Ngrpa jkpo; NgRk; rpq;fs Nrhtpdp];l; fjpHfhkH jw;- NghJ jiyfPohf epw;fpd;whH. %d;;whk; jug;Gld; ifFYf;fp tpLjiyg;Gypf- Sf;F ,ufrpakhf miog;G tpLj;Js;- shH. ,tHfspd; tpsf;fq;fs; tpahf;- fpahdq;fs; xUGwkpUf;fl;Lk;> vjpupfs; vjpupfs;jhd; vdNt ekJ jug;gpy; Kjypy; vr;rupf;ifailNthk;.
vjpup rkhjhdnkDk; NghJk; mu- rpay; jPhT vDk;NghJk;> tpopg;ghf ,U vd ,e;j tuyhw;W mDgtq;fs; vk;ik vr;rupf;fpd;wd. jhk; gpd;Dfpd;w rjp
murpay;jPHtpd; gpd;Nd mopj;njhopg;G cghakh ?
tiyf;Fs Nghuhl;lg;g rpf;fitf;fT ,e;j vjpupf sthapDk; n vjpupapd; gy gytPdNk vj ntw;wpfSf Fwpj;Jf;nf vt;thw Njrpaj;jpy nfhlhJ Ng Nghuhl;lj;i mtrpaj;ij jw;NghJ Nj j;J kf;fis vOr;rpia Nehf;fp jpl fTk; eilN midj;Jk tplhg;gpbahf vjpupfs tUk; ,uhZ Njhy;tpfS jkJ nrhe;j Nehf;fp efHt uhf fpsHtJ fSk;> vjpupf sJ. vdNt “murpay; jPH wJ. ,jdhy je;J NehHN Gjpa topKi dH. New;Wt NghHKidi Sf;F> jPh;T kf;fs; kj;j dpg;igAk; nr jhdj;ij n vkJ Njrj Uf;Fk; nj rpwpyq;fh m ikf;Fk; jPH tug;Nghfpd Ntz;Lkh?
,Jti ,Ue;j rpwpy Nkhrkhf gy aq;fSk; m jpy;iy. vdN Kd;te;J t ngUfpa ,uj gw;wpnaOe;j epahaKk; , ,Jtiu n vdNtjhd upf;ifahf ,d;iwa rH re;jHg;gq;f mJ Fwpj;J ,Ue;JtplT
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murpay;jPHtpd; gpd;Nd mopj;njhopg;G cghakh ?
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f;FKiwf;- hfNt ehk; w;fhf ehk; ;Nshk;. vkJ pul;b vkJ fTk;> ghJ- f;F> njhlH- a gpd;gw;w k; fhuzk; y. muR jPh;T . jd; kPjhd ;dUk;> ,e;j LgLtjhf ;gLj;Jfpd;- hd miog;- d;whk; jug;G ;lhk;> A+vd;X fSk; ,q;F ;fhy;tha; ;Jf; nfhz;- grpa jkpo; pHfhkH jw;- hH. %d;;whk; iyg;Gypf- ;G tpLj;Js;- ;fs; tpahf;- k;> vjpupfs; J jug;gpy; hk;.
ghJk; mu- ;ghf ,U vd ;fs; vk;ik fpd;w rjp
tiyf;Fs; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; Nghuhl;lg;gpuptpdiuAk; kf;fisAk; rpf;fitf;fTk; gpsTgLj;jTk; gy Kiw ,e;j vjpupfs; Kad;W ,jpy; Fiwe;j- sthapDk; ntw;wpfis ngw;Ws;sdH. vjpupapd; gyj;ij tpl vk;kplk; epytpa gytPdNk vjpupfspd; ,e;j FWfpa> mw;g ntw;wpfSf;F fhuzk; vd;gijAk; ehk; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;.
vt;thwhapDk; mg;nghnjy;yhk; Njrpaj;jpy; cWjpahf epd;W tpl;Lf; nfhlhJ Nghuhba> tpLjiyg;Gypfs;> Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; mjd; jtpHf;f Kbah mtrpaj;ijAk; jf;f itj;Js;sdH. jw;NghJ NjrtpLjiy tpUk;Gk; mid- j;J kf;fisAk; xuzpahf;fp> Njrpa vOr;rpia Nguiyahf;fp tpLjiy Nehf;fp jplkhfTk;> czHTG+Htkh fTk; eilNghl Njrgf;j rf;jpfs; midj;Jk; kf;fSld; ,ize;J tplhg;gpbahf fhupakhw;w Ntz;Lk;.
vjpupfs; njhlHr;rpahf mile;J tUk; ,uhZt kw;Wk; ,uh[ je;jpu Njhy;tpfSk; jkpo; kf;fs; gbg;gbahf jkJ nrhe;j topKiwfspy; jdpauR Nehf;fp efHtJk;> mlf;FKiwf;F vjp- uhf fpsHtJk; rpy rHtNjr mOj;jq;- fSk;> vjpupfis jpfpyilar; nra;As;- sJ. vdNt vjpupfSf;F ,g;NghJ “murpay; jPHnthd;W” Njitg;gLfpd;- wJ. ,jdhy; mtHfs; ,ufrpa rkpf;iQ je;J NehHNtia mioj;J kPz;Lk; Gjpa topKiwapy; rjp tiy gpd;Dfpd;w- dH. New;WtiuAk; ,e;j tpdhbapYk; NghHKidia tYg;gLj;jptUgtHf- Sf;F> jPh;T Kaw;rpfSf;fhf rpq;fs kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ve;jnthU rpW vj;j- dpg;igAk; nra;ahj ,tHfs; vg;gb rkh- jhdj;ij nfhz;L tug;Nghfpd;whHfs;? vkJ Njrj;jpw;Fk;> rpq;fs Njrj;jt- Uf;Fk; njupahky;> ,ufrpakhf rpwpyq;fh muR> jhk; epidf;Fk;> tbt- ikf;Fk; jPHTj;jpl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L tug;Nghfpd;whHfs; vd ehk; ek;g Ntz;Lkh?
,Jtiu jkf;F tpUg;Gilajhf ,Ue;j rpwpyq;fh murhdJ> kpfTk; Nkhrkhf gytPdkiltij Vfhjpgj;jp- aq;fSk; mjd; rfhf;fSk; tpUk;Gt- jpy;iy. vdNt mtHfSk; tpopg;gile;J Kd;te;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,Jtiuf;Fk; ngUfpa ,uj;j Mw;iwAk; mjpypUe;J gw;wpnaOe;j jPukpf;f Nghuhl;lj;jpd; epahaKk; ,e;j %d;whk; jug;pdUf;F ,Jtiu njupahJ Ngha; tpl;ljh? vdNtjhd; jw;NghJ ehk; vr;r- upf;ifahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. MapDk; ,d;iwa rHtNjr #oypy; ,g;gbahd re;jHg;gq;fs; ek;ik neUq;Fk; NghJ> mJ Fwpj;J ehk; mf;fiwaw;wtHfshf ,Ue;JtplTk; KbahJ.
vkJ Njrpa Nfhupf;iffisAk;
epge;jidfisAk; njs;sj;njspth- fTk; kf;fs; eydpy; ,Ue;Jk; ehk; Kd;itf;f Ntz;Lk;. mit kf;fspd; czHTfSlDk; Fuy;fSlDk; ,iz- f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. kf;fspd; vjpH- ghHg;Gfshf mit ntspg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gilfis tpyf;FtNjh> nghUshjhuj;jil ePf;fNkh> Rje;jpu- khd Nghf;Ftuj;J vd;gNjh Njrj;jpd; gpur;ridahFk;. kWgbAk; vjpupfs; ekJ Njrj;ij Va;f;f epidj;jhy;> mjw;fhd mwpFwpfis fz;lhy;> vjpupfs; kPz;Lk; ek;kPJ Nghiu cf;fpug;gLj;jg;Nghfpd;w- dH vd;gJjhd; nghUs;. vdNt mg;gb- ahd #oypy; jkJ jw;fhg;G jhf;Fjiy mlf;fg;gLk; Njrk; vd;w tifapy;> Kjypy; elhj;jpdhYk; mJ Kw;wpYk; epahakhdNj. kPz;Lk; xU kaf;fk; ,e;j tplaj;jpy; Ntz;lNt Ntz;lhk;.
tpLjiyg;GypfSk; kf;fspd; Njrpa eyd;fspy; cWjpahf epw;gJld;> eil- ngWk; murpay; Ngr;Rf;fs; njhlHghd Kd;Ndw;wq;fNsh gpd;dilTfNsh ntspg;gilahfTk; nrhe;j kf;fSf;Fk; ek;kPJ fuprid nfhz;l rHtNjr r%fj;jpw;F gjpy; nrhy;Yk; flg;ghl;il- Ak; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU fl;- lj;jpy; vjpupfs; vk;ik Va;f;f Kide;- jhy;> mjid midtUf;Fk; mk;gykhf;- Fk; toptiffis ehk; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ekJ Njrk; ePz;l neLk; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ,Wjpf;fl;lj;jpy; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. xU NghJk;ehk; gpd;Ndhf;fp nrd;Wtplf;$lhJ. ,e;j murpay; jPHT ntw;wp ngw;whYk; ekJ Njrpa ,iwikAk; ePz;l fhy mgpyh- irfSk; G+Hj;jpaila Ntz;Lk;. vjpup- apd; fglj;jhy;> Njhy;tpaile;jhYk;> kpfTk; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; ehk; jdpauir nrhe;jkhf mikj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;- Lk;. ,jpy; ve;j kaf;fKk; ,Uf;f $lhJ. midtUk; ,jw;fhf xd;whf ,ize;J nraw;gl Ntz;ba jUzk; ,J.
xU rpy ,yf;Ffs; rhjfkhf mike;Jtpl;ld vd;gjw;fhf jk;kPJ Rkj;j g;g l;L s;s xl;L nkhj;j Njrpa flikfis tpLjiyGypfs; Jr;rkhf fUjptplf;$lhJ. mehtrpa tpiyf- is nfhLf;Fk; epiyapy; ekJ Njrk; mg;gbnahd;Wk; tw;whj tsq;fs; nfhz;ljy;y. kPz;Lk; mg;gbahd xU #oiy> mjhtJ 94 #oiy> vkJ Nghuh- l;lj;ij rHtNjr mstpy; jdpikg;g- Lj;Jk; #oiy> Vw;gLj;jpg;ghHf;fyhk; vd vjpupfs; Kayf;$Lk;. mr;#oYf;- Fs; rpf;fpf;nfhs;shJ Njrpa eydpy; ,Ue;J nraw;gl jPHf;fjuprdkhd Kd;ndLg;Gfis jiyikfs; nfhz;b- Uf;f Ntz;L;k;. ve;jtpj czHr;rptrg;- glYf;Fk; ,J jUzky;y. ekJ fl;rp kPsTk; mOj;j tpUk;GtJ mjidNa.
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp 2000

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tuyhw;W Kd;Djhuzkha; ekJ ngz;fs;
,d;W ngz;fs; gpur;rpid vd;gJ> r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu jsq;fspy; jtpHf;f KbahJ mf;fiw nfhs;s Ntz;ba tplakhfp tpl;lJ. etPd murpay; tho;Tf;Fs; Eioe;J tpl;l midj;J r%fq;f- spYk; ngz;fs; njhlHghd tplaq;fs; NgRnghUshfp tpl;ld> tpthjg; Gs;spfshfpAs;sd. ny];gpad; cwit rl;lG+Htkhf;FtJ Kjy;> murpay; rigfspy; ngz;fSf;F ghjp ,lq;fs; xJf;FtJ tiu xU kpfg; gue;j vy;- iyapy; ngz;fspd; gpur;rpid Kf;fpaj;- Jtk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
,it midj;Jk; ngz;fspdh- NyNa rhj;jpakhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cyfpd; gyNtW r%fq;fspYk; ngz;- fspdhy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L te;jpUf;- fpd;w cWjpahd Nghuhl;lq;fspd; tpisTfshf ,e;epiyikfs; cUth- fpAs;sd. r%fhPjpay; mlf;fg;gl;- ltHfshf> murpay;hPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;- Jtkw;wtHfshf> nghUshjhu hPjpapy; jq;fpapUg;gtHfshf> xU r%fj;jpd; fyhr;rhu Rikfis Rkg;gtHfshf khw;wg;gl;bUe;j epiyapypUe;J> jPuh tpLjiy Ntl;ifAld; ngz;fs; fpsHe;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. jk;ik #o;e;- Js;s Mzhjpf;f mbikj; jisf- isAk; rhjp> kj> ,d> epw> fyhr;rhu.. ,Wf;fq;fisAk; cilj;Jf; nfhz;L mtHfs; epiwtypTld; capHj;njO- fpd;whHfs;. gwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s jkJ chpikfSf;fhf> epuhfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;s jkJ eyd;fSf;fhf> kWf;fg;gl;Ls;s jkJ Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf> ,tw;wpDhlhf jkJ tho;Tf;fhf mtHfs; cWjpAld; NghuhLfpd;whHfs;.
ntt;NtW r%fq;fspy;> ngz;fspd; Nghuhl;lq;fs; NtWgl;l tbtq;fs;> NtWgl;l ,yf;Ffis nfhz;bUf;- fpd;w NghjpYk;> ,g;Nghuhl;lq;fs; midj;Jk; jkf;NfAhpa Fwpg;ghd Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis nfhz;bUf;fpd;- wd. fUr;rpijT rl;lG+Htkhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w INuhg;gpa ngz;fspd; Nfhhpf;iffSk; Rfhjhu trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mrpag; ngz;fspd; Nfhhpf;iffSk; mtw;Wf;- NfAhpa Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis nfhz;b- Uf;fpd;wd. Kuz;ghLfspdhYk; Nkhjy;fspdhYk; nfhe;jspj;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w cyfpy;> ngz;fspd; Nghuhl;lKk; vOr;rpfSk; xU Gjpa ,af;fj;ij> Kuz;ghLfspd; Gjpa ghpkhzj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
vOr;rp nfhz;L NghuhLfpd;w ,d;iwa ngz;fspd; kj;jpapy;> ekJ ngz;fspd; ghj;jpuk; xU ngUk; jpUg;- GKidia> xU tuyhw;W gha;r;riy Fwpf;fpd;wJ. Vlwpe;j tuyhw;wpy; ,Jtiu gjpag;gl;buhj kNfhd;dj mDgtj;ij ekJ ngz;fs; epfo;j;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. ekJ ngz;f- spd;typikia> tPuj;i j> NghupLk;
Mw;wiy cyfk; ngUtpag;Gld; mtjh- dpj;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. epfo;fhyj;- jpYk; tUq;fhyj;jpYk; nraw;gLfpd;w ngz;fs; ,af;fq;fSf;Fk; ngz;fspd; NghHf;Fzhk;rj;jpw;Fk; kdtypikf;- Fkhd khngUk; Kd;Djhuzkhf ekJ ngz;fs; jpfo;fpd;whHfs;.
mlf;FKiw fpf; FKWk gilg;ghspf ghpzkpj;jpU murpd; jpl;l Aj;j mOj Jiwapy; jk njhlHe;Jk whHfs;.
,t;thW nfhLq;fj tho;tplq;fs cWjpAlD epw;fpd;whHf mjd; [Ptj whHfs;. ,Wf JspHf;fpd;w nahj;j typ kj;jpapYk; ekJ Njrj;i whHfs;> kPz wHfs;. ekJ jdJ khz mtHfs; fh vdpDk epw;gjpYk;> m xUGwk;> Aj;jKidapy;> jtpHf;f Kbahj NghHmzpahf> ntw;wpia rhj;- jpakhf;Ffpd;w tPuhq;fizfshf ekJ ngz;fs; khwpAs;shHfs;. Jizg; gil- apduhfNth> my;yJ Mszpia epug;G- fpd;wtHfshfNth ,y;yhky;> Aj;jj;- jpy; Neubahf gq;Nfw;fpd;wtHfshf> jhf;Fjy;fis jpl;lkpLfpd;wtHfshf> jhf;Fjy;fis jiyikNaw;W elj;J- gtHfshf ekJ ngz;Nghuhspfs; tpsq;-
ngz;fs; tf Kjd;ikAk dhy;> Fwpg;gh ltpy;iy> V ngz;fs; kPj KiwfSk; fSk; ,d;d ikahf ,W rkj;Jtepi mtHfspd; Ffpd;whHfs;. tpLjiyg; Gypfs; mikg;- gpd; kpfr; rpwe;j NghHg; gphptpduhd kl;L- kd;wp> me;j ,af;fj;jpd; KjnfYk;- ghfTk; ekJ ngz;fs; khwpAs;shHfs;. vj;jifa #o;epiyfspYk; vjpHj;J Kd;NdWfpd;wtHfshf> ntw;wpf;fhd #oiy jplkhf cUthf;FgtHfshf ekJ ngz; Nghuhspfs; jpfo;fpd;whHfs;. ngz;fspd; tpLjiyf;Fhpa ,d;DnkhU
ky;ypif eWkzq ehzKk tPjpf;F
Nghuhl;l tbtj;ij -MAjg; Nghuhl;l tbtj;ij - ekJ ngz;fs; jPuj;JlDk;
Ruz;lw nte;J n epl;ra cWjpAlDk; cUthf;fp tUfpd;-
jpuz;nl whHfs;.
,d;W e kWGwk;> ekJ ngz;fs;> kdtypik- apd; cr;rj; jpul;rpahf cUg;ngw;wpUf;- fpd;whHfs;. rpq;fsg; gilfspd; mj;jid ml;Lopaq;fisAk; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L> rpwpyq;fh murpd; midj;J mlf;FKiwfisAk; Rke;J nfhz;L
fhNtupa fq;ifa nespe;J rpy ,lq cq;fs Rtu;fS ekJ ngz;fs; gpukhz;lkhd cWjpAld; caHe;J epw;fpd;whHfs;. Fz;Lfspd;
xLf;Fg Kof;fq;fSf;fpilapYk; tWikf;Fk; Neha;f;Fk; kj;jpapYk; nfhLe;Jauq;fs; kw;Wk; ,og;Gf;fspd; Nrhf mDgtq;f-
gpa;j;nj nghq;fp Nghu;f;F
Sf;fpilapYk; ekJ ngz;fs; jsuh cWjpAld; ekJ Njrj;ij jhq;fp epw;fpd;whHfs;. Aj;jj;jpd; jpuz;l Rik-
fUj;nj ehk; fhjyu;f fis mtHfs; KotJkhf Rkf;fpd;-
vq;fs; whHfs;. jk;ik neUf;Fk; midj;J
fw;igg;
3

jhuzkha; ekJ ngz;fs;
ld; mtjh- epfo;fhyj;- aw;gLfpd;w ; ngz;fspd; typikf;- khf ekJ
py;> jtpHf;f w;wpia rhj;- fshf ekJ izg; gil- pia epug;G- ky;> Aj;jj;- ;wtHfshf> ;wtHfshf> w;W elj;J- spfs; tpsq;- pfs; mikg;- duhd kl;L- KjnfYk;- As;shHfs;. k; vjpHj;J tw;wpf;fhd gtHfshf ;fpd;whHfs;. ,d;DnkhU g; Nghuhl;l jPuj;JlDk; f;fp tUfpd;-
; kdtypik- g;ngw;wpUf;- ilfspd; Ak; jhq;fpf; ; midj;J ;J nfhz;L cWjpAld; z;Lfspd; Wikf;Fk; e;Jauq;fs; mDgtq;f- ;fs; jsuh j jhq;fp puz;l Rik- f Rkf;fpd;- ; midj;J
mlf;FKiwfSf;F vjpuhfTk; nghq;- fpf; FKWk; ftpQHfshfTk; nrwpe;j gilg;ghspfshfTk; ekJ ngz;fs; ghpzkpj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. rpwpyq;fh murpd; jpl;lkpl;l ,d xJf;fy;fisAk; Aj;j mOj;jq;fisAk; kPwp> fy;tpj;- Jiwapy; jkJ Mw;wy;fis mtHfs; njhlHe;Jk; ntspg;gLj;jp tUfp;d;- whHfs;.
,t;thW> Aj;;jKidapYk; mjd; nfhLq;fjph;fs; gha;fpd;w Rw;way; tho;tplq;fspYk; ekJ ngz;fs; kq;fh cWjpAlDk; jPuj;JlDk; epkpHe;J epw;fpd;whHfs;. ekJ Njrj;jpd; capiu> mjd; [Ptj;Jspia tw;whJ Ruf;fpd;- whHfs;. ,Wfpa fw;jiuapYk; ntbj;Jj; JspHf;fpd;w xU rpd;dQ;rpW nrbia- nahj;j typTld;> Aj;j rpjyq;fSf;F kj;jpapYk; mopTfSf;F kj;jpapYk; ekJ Njrj;ij mtHfs; capHg;gpf;fpd;- whHfs;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; capHg;gpf;fpd;- wHfs;. ekJ Njrk;tPo;e ;J tplhkYk; jdJ khz;ig ,oe;J tplhkYk; mtHfs; fhj;J epw;fpd;whh;fs;;.
vdpDk; ekJ Njrj;ij jhq;fp epw;gjpYk;> mijg; ghJfhg;gjpYk; ekJ ngz;fs; tfpf;fpd;w Kf;fpaj;JtKk; Kjd;ikAk; ,d;dKk; ekJ Njrj;jp- dhy;> Fwpg;ghf Mz;fspdhy; czug;g- ltpy;iy> Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. ngz;fs; kPjhd Mzhjpf;f mlf;F- KiwfSk; rhjp> kj> fyhr;rhu jis- fSk; ,d;dKk; ekJ ngz;fis fL- ikahf ,Wf;fpAs;sd. mtHfspd; rkj;Jtepiy> mtHfspd; cupikfs;> mtHfspd; Rak;> eyd;fs;... vd;git
ky;ypifg; G+f;fshf;fp eWkzq;fspy; kaf;fk; nfhz;Bu; ehzKk; gpope;njLj;J gpd; tPjpf;F tPrg;gl;ltu;fs; ehk;.
Ruz;lw;fhuu;fNs! nte;J ntbj;J jpuz;nlOfpNwhk; ,d;W ehq;fs; neUQ;rpfs;!
fhNtupahfTk; fq;ifahfTk; nespe;J tise;J.... rpy ,lq;fspy; cq;fs; Raeyd;fSf;fhf Rtu;fSf;Fs; rpiwitj;Jk;....
xLf;Fgtu;fNs! gpa;j;njwpe;J ngUq;fly;fsha; nghq;fp vOfpd;Nwhk; Nghu;f;Fzhk;rk;nfhz;L!
fUj;njhUkpj;J ehk; fhjyu;fshfp fye;jgpd;du; vq;fs; fw;igg; gwpnfhLj;Jtpl;ljha;....
ekJ Njrj;jpd; mf;fiwf;Fs;shftpy;iy. ekJ r%f> murpay;> nghUshjhu> fyhr;rhu epWtdq;fspy; epiwe;Js;s Mzhjpf;f rhuk; ,d;dKk; mfytpy;iy.
MapDk; vd;d! ekJ ngz;Nghuh- spfspd; fuq;fspypUe;J Kd;Ndhf;fpg; gha;fpd;w xt;nthU uitAk;> jkf;Fg; gpd;Nd> jk;ik mOj;jp epw;fpd;w Mzh- jpf;f epWtdq;fspd; mbj;jsq;fspd; kPJ> nehWf;Fk; mjpHTfis Vw;gLj;J- fpd;wd. Aj;j RikfspypUe;J epkpHe;nj- Ofpd;w ekJ ngz;fspd; mirah cWjpahdJ> ,Wfpa Mzhjpf;f Kiwikfspd; kPJ> rhjp> kj> fyhr;rhu jisfspd; kPJ Mokhd ntbg;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. jkJ nrhe;j mDg- tq;fSf;$lhf ekJ ngz;fs; ngw;W tUfpd;w nrOikkpf;f mwpTj; jpul;rp- ahdJ> mtHfs; Nky; ftpe;jpUf;fpd;w mj;jid gpw;Nghf;F kuGfisAk; mjpfhu mikg;Gf;fisAk; cilj;J nehWf;Fk; ty;yikia nfhz;bUf;- fpd;wd.
ekJ ngz;fspd; fuq;fs; Ve;jpAs;s Jg;ghf;fpfSk; mtHfspd; neQ;rpy; epiwe;Js;s khngUk; cWjpAk; typik- Ak; xU Gjpa rfhg;jj;jpd; jpwTNfhy;- fsha; xspHfpd;wd. ekJ ngz;fs; Aj;jKidfspYk; Aj;jrpijTfspYk; kl;Lky;y> ekJ Njrj;ij Gjpjha; thHg;- gjpYk; tuyhw;W Kd;Djhuzkha; mikthHfs;. Mk;! Kjd;Kjyhf Mzhjpf;fj;ij mjd; NtNuhL mir- f;fg; Nghfpd;w kNfhd;dj tuyhw;W epfo;it ekJ ngz;fs; rhjpg;ghHfs;- tpiutpy;!
epuhfupf;fg;gLfpNwhk;
tQ;rff;fhu;fNs! Rl;Lr; rpijj;jgpd; FUjpf; Fskhd NahdpfSf;Fs; njhlUk; cq;fs; nfhLuq;fs;
tPukw;wtu;fNs! jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhspfshfptpl;Nlhk; cq;fs; fuq;fs; fz;fs; %r;Rf;fs; ,dpNky; vk;ik neUq;fKbahjthW.
tQ;rp cd; nkd; ,il ngz;ikf;nfd;Nw ,aw;ifapd; nfhil tu;zpg;Gf;fspNyNa cq;fs; tho;f;if!
epWj;Jq;fs;! epWj;Jq;fs;!
thilf;fhw;Wf;fsy;yNt ,g;NghJ ehk; #whtspfshfptpl;Nlhk;.
- ,j;jpdp
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp 2000
2000

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rp 2000
wPyq;fh murpaypy; kPz;Lk; xU gugug;G Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ekJ Njrpa gpur;rpdf;F> murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; %yk; jPh;T fhz;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; Kk;KukhfpAs;sd. rpwPyq;fh muRj; jiytH> jkpo; fl;rpfis gyjlitfs; re;jpj;Jg; NgrpAs;shH. jPHTg; nghjpia rfyUk; Vw;Fk; tpjj;jpy; jpUj;jp mikg;- gjpy; ePjp mikr;rH fLikahf ciof;fpd;whH> NehHNt ntspehl;likr;rH> tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; murpay; Ngr;rhsiuAk; kw;Wk; rpwpyq;fh muR jiytH> ntsptptfhu mikr;rH> vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytH Nghd;NwhiuAk; re;jpj;jpUf;fpd;whH. ,t;thW xUnjhluhd epfo;Tfs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
ey;yJ> ekJ kf;fspd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; rHtNjr mf;fiwia  rHtNjr muRf- spd; mf;fiwNa vd;gij Kjypy; Gupe;j nfhs;Nthk;. ,e;j rHtNjr muRfspd; mf;fiw vd;gJ vg;NghJk; ,UKfk; nfhz;lJ vd;gijAk; gpw r%fq;fspd; tplaq;fspy; mit vg;NghJk; jkJ eyd;fSf;F rhjfkhfNt jiyaPL nra;fpd;wd vd;gijAk; kdj;jpy; ,Uj;JNthk;.
rHtNjr muRfs; Fwpg;ghf> Vfhjp- gj;jpa kw;Wk; etnfhydpa muRfs; rpwpyq;fhtpy; jkJ fzprkhd KjyP- Lfis nfhz;Ls;sd. vdNt ,it rpwp- yq;fh muRld; neUf;fkhd cwTfis nfhz;bUg;gNjhL> rpwpyq;fh murpd; ];jpuj;jd;ikiaAk; mjd; juFKjyh- spj;Jt gz;igAk; cWjpahf NgZt- jpy; mf;fiw nfhz;Ls;sd. vdNt ekJ tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,tw;wpd; jiyaPL vd;gJ> rpwpyq;fh muRf;F rhj- fkhfTk; mijf; fhg;ghw;Wk; tpj- j;jpYNk mikAk; vd;gjpy; ekf;F vr;- rhpf;ifAk; njspTk; GhpjYk; mtrpak;. ,j;jifa Kd;tpsf;fj;jpDhlhf rpwpyq;fh murpd; ,g;Nghija efHTfs; Fwpj;J kjpg;gpLNthk;.
%d;whe;jug;G kj;jpa];j;jj;Jl- dhd murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;W tpLjiy Gypfs; mikg;Gk;> jkpo; kf;- fspd; ntt;NtW gphptpdUk; cWjpahf Kd;itj;j Nfhhpf;ifia> ,Jtiu Kw;whf epuhfhp;j;J te;j rpwPyq;fh muR> ,g;NghJ mij Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
$lNt> tlf;ifAk; fpof;if- Ak; ,izg;gJ vd;w KbitAk; rpwp- yq;fh muR jw;NghJ vLj;Js;sJ. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; Muk;gpj;j ehspypUe;J ,g;NghJjhd; Kjy; jlitahf tlf;F fpof;F ,izg;ig Vw;f rpwpyq;fh muR Kd;te;Js;sJ. ,t;thW rpwpyq;fh muR jdJ epiyia jsHj;jpapUg;gjhdJ> murpay; Ngr;R- thHj;ij njhlHghf ekJ kf;fs; Kd;-
4
ghpkhzj;i itj;j epge;jidfSf;F fpilj;Js;s ntw;wp vdf; nfhs;s KbAkh?
mikj;jy;
Mk;! ,it vkJ kf;fSf;F fpil- j;Js;s ntw;wpfNs. ,e;j ntw;wpfis epiwe;j ngUkpjj;Jld; ehk; nfhz;lhl KbAk;. ekJ kf;fSf;F fpilj;Js;s ,e;j ntw;wpfs; ntWk; Nfhhpf;ifsp- dhy; ngwg;gl;lit my;y. khwhf> rpwP- yq;fh muRf;F vjpuhd xU ePz;l> fbd- khd Nghuhl;lj;jpd; tpisthf Kfpo;j;- Js;s Kjy; ntw;wp mUk;Gfs; ,it. ,e;j ntw;wpfs; Fwpj;J ekJ kf;fs; jiyepkpHj;jp ngUik nfhs;s KbAk;.
khzj;ij RahjPdkhd cj;juthj ilapNyNa vd;w murpa dhy; Kd;it fSf;F jd iaAk; jkJ gjw;fhd cu vd;w vjpHgh ,izg;G vd Nfhhpf;iff
ekJ epge;jidfs; vj;jifa #o;epiyapy; ntw;wp ngw;Ws;sd? rpwp- yq;fh murpd; Mf;fpukpg;gpypUe;J jopoP- oj;jpd; ngUk; gFjpfs; tpLtpf;fg;gl;b- Uf;fpd;w epiyapy;> NkYk; gy gFjpfis
vdpDk ifia Kw;w NjhL> tlf;i mJ jpl;lkpl tlf;F-fpof;F ,iz
xU Kbe;j fij!
tpLtpg;gij Nehf;fp tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; ntw;wpfukhf Kd;Ndwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapy; rpwPyq;fh murpd; ,j;jifa “jsHTfs;” ,lk;ng- w;wpUf;fpd;wd vd;gJ Kf;fpakhd tpl- ak;. njd; jkpoPoj;jpd; ngUk;gFjpAk;> kj;jpa jkpoPok; mNdfkhf KOtJk; rpwpyq;fhg; gilfspd; Mf;fpukpg;gpyp- Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;Ls;s epiyapy;> tl jkpoPoj;jpd; Eiothapypy; nfhl;lg;g-
Lk; te;jpUf ,izg;G vd kf;fSila nfsutkh cjhrPdg;gL Fl;gl;l V Nghd;w> ng nfhz;l m tifg;gLj;j
Lfpd;w NghHKurk; rpq;fsg; gilfspd;
rpwpyq nrtpg;giwfspy; Nghpbaha; Koq;fpf;
Kaw;rpfSf nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapy;> rpwpyq;fh
ePz;l Nghuh muR %d;whe;jug;G ,il aPl;ilAk; tl-
fpd;whHfs;. r fpof;F ,izg;igAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s
;gpypUe;J ek Kd;te;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
Tk; mjpy; j
vdpDk; rpwpyq;fh muR ,d;dKk; ekJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; murpay; rhuj;ij- Ak; ekJ kf;fspd; Njrpa jdpj;Jtj;- ijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. muRf; fl;likg;gpYk; murpay; KiwikapYk; Kw;whd khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jp ,q;Fs;s Njrq;fsp;d;; chpikfisAk murpay; jdpj;Jtj;iAk; cWjpg;gLj;J-
mjpfhuj;ij ikahf Ngh ifa Nghuh yq;fh murpd fUjg;gl;L khfhzq;f murpay; t mile;J tp
tjw;F mJ rpwpjsTk; jahuhf ,y;iy .
,t;thW khwhf> rpwpyq;fh muRf; fl;likg;Gf;-
caH murpa Fs;ekJ kf;f spd;chpikfisAk;
tpl;l gpd;G> murpay; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; fl;Lg;gLj;-
tlf;F- fpof jNt ,d;dKk; Kaw;rpj;J tUfpd;wJ.
Kd;ida m jdJ mjpfhu tuk;gpw;Fs; ekJ Njr-
tpl;lJ. ,g;N j;ij mlf;fp itf;fNt mJ ,d;dKk;
tpl;l murp jpl;lkpLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa jdJ
,d;iwa e Nehf;fj;ijNa> tlf;F fpof;F ,izg;-
vd;gJ> rp Gf;F cld;gLtjhf mwptpj;jpUg;gjd;
ikg;Gf;Fs %yKk;> %d;whk; jug;G ,ilaPl;il Vw;g-
,izf;fg jd; %yKk; mJ mila Kidfpd;wJ.
ekJ jhaf
vkJ Nghuhl;lj;ij nghWj;jtiu> tlf;F-fpof;F ,izg;G vd;gJ> Kbe;J tpl;l xU fijahfp tpl;lJ. ekJ tpL- jiyg; Nghuhl;lkhdJ > tlf;F- fpof;F ,izg;G vd;w epHthf
ekf;nfd ikkpf;f m epWTtNj. , #oypy;> jd tj;ij ,o ,izg;G vd

ghpkhzj;ij pilj;Js;s
fle;J> NjrmuR h?
mikj;jy; vd;w caH murpay; ghp-
f;F fpil- tw;wpfis ; nfhz;lhl pilj;Js;s hhpf;ifsp- khwhf> rpwP- ePz;l> fbd- hf Kfpo;j;- fs; ,it. kJ kf;fs; ;s KbAk;.
khzj;ij mile;J tpl;lJ. ekJ RahjPdkhd murpay; tho;Tf;Fhpa cj;juthjkhf mikAk; vd;w mbg;g- ilapNyNa tlf;F fpof;F ,izg;G vd;w murpay; Nfhhpf;if ekJ kf;fsp- dhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ekJ kf;- fSf;F jdpahd murpay; Kiwik- iaAk; jkJ nrhe;j tho;it jPHkhdpg;- gjw;fhd cupikiaAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk; vd;w vjpHghHg;gpNyNa tlf;F-fpof;F ,izg;G vd;gJ ekJ kf;fspd; murpay; Nfhhpf;iffspy; xd;;whf ,Ue;jJ.
vj;jifa s;sd? rpwp- pUe;J jopoP- tpf;fg;gl;b- gFjpfis
vdpDk; rpwpyq;fh muR mf;Nfhhpf;- ifia Kw;whf epuhfhpj;J te;jpUg;g- NjhL> tlf;ifAk; fpof;ifAk; gphpg;gjpy; mJ jpl;lkpl;Lk; jPtpukhfTk; nraw;gl;- f;F-fpof;F ,izg;G: xU Kbe;j fij!
yg; Gypfs; d;Ndwpf; ; rpwPyq;fh s;” ,lk;ng- pakhd tpl- k;gFjpAk;> KOtJk; ;fpukpg;gpyp- iyapy;> tl ; nfhl;lg;g-
Lk; te;jpUf;fpd;wJ. tlf;F fpof;F ,izg;G vd;w Nfhhpf;ifahdJ> ekJ kf;fSila murpay; mgpyhi\fspd; nfsutkhd ntspg;ghL vd;gij cjhrPdg;gLj;jp> jdJ Ms;Gy vy;iyf;- Fl;gl;l Vida khfhzq;fisg; Nghd;w> nghpJk; epHthf mjpfhuk; nfhz;l myFfshfNt mtw;iw tifg;gLj;j Kaw;rpj;J te;Js;sJ.
; gilfspd;
rpwpyq;fh murpd; ,j;jifa a; Koq;fpf;
Kaw;rpfSf;F vjpuhf ekJ kf;fs; xU ;> rpwpyq;fh
ePz;l Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;jpUf;- ;ilAk; tl-
fpd;whHfs;. rpwpyq;fh murpd; Mf;fpukpg;- f; nfhs;s
;gpypUe;J ekJ jhafj;ij ghJfhf;f- Tk; mjpy; jkf;nfd nrhe;j murpay;
R ,d;dKk; y; rhuj;ij- dpj;Jtj;- ;iy. muRf; wikapYk; Vw;gLj;jp kfisAk Wjpg;gLj;J-
mjpfhuj;ij epWtTk; ekJ kf;fs; fL- ikahf Nghuhb tUfpd;whHfs;. ,j;j- ifa Nghuhl;lj;jpd; tpisthf> rpwp- yq;fh murpdhy; epHthf FwpaPLfshf fUjg;gl;L te;Js;s tlf;F-fpof;F khfhzq;fs;> ,g;NghJ jkpoPok; vd;w murpay; tifapdkhf ghpzhkk; mile;J tpl;ld.
hf ,y;iy .
,t;thW ekJ jhafkhdJ mjd; l;likg;Gf;-
caH murpay; ghpkhzj;ij mile;j kfisAk;
tpl;l gpd;G> ekJ murpay; jsj;jpy; ; fl;Lg;gLj;-
tlf;F- fpof;F ,izg;G vd;gJ mjd; tUfpd;wJ.
Kd;ida murpay; mHj;jj;ij ,oe;J ; ekJ Njr-
tpl;lJ. ,g;NghJ mJ xU flf;fg;gl;L J ,d;dKk;
tpl;l murpay; vy;iyahfp tpl;lJ. fa jdJ
,d;iwa ekJ murpay; ,yf;F ;F ,izg;-
vd;gJ> rpwpyq;fh muRf; fl;l- pj;jpUg;gjd;
ikg;Gf;Fs; tlf;Fk; fpof;Fk; aPl;il Vw;g-
,izf;fg;gLtJ my;y. khwhf> idfpd;wJ.
ekJ jhafj;jpy;> - jkpoPoj;jpy; -
hWj;jtiu> ;gJ> Kbe;J . ekJ tpL- > tlf;F- epHthf
ekf;nfd jdpahd> xU ,iw- ikkpf;f murpay; mjpfhuj;ij epWTtNj. ,t;thW ,d;iwa murpay; #oypy;> jdJ murpay; Kf;fpaj;J- tj;ij ,oe;J tpl;l tlf;F-fpof;F ,izg;G vd;gijj;jhd;> ,g;NghJ xU
khngUk; “ey;nyz;zj;jpd;” ntspg;gh- lhf rpwpyq;fh muR vkf;F “jUtjw;F” Kd;te;Js;sJ.
1960 fspd; Kw;gFjpay;> ekJ kf;fspd; uj;jk; rpe;jg;gLtjw;F fhuzkhf mike;j “=” vOj;J tpt- fhuj;ij> mjd; murpay; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Kw;whf kiwe;J tpl;l 1990fspy; iftpLtjw;F rpwPyq;fh muR vg;gb Kd;te;jNjh mNjNghd;Wjhd;> tl- fpof;F ,izg;G vd;gJ mjd; murpay; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; murpay; mHj;jj;ijAk; ,oe;J tpl;l ,d;iwa epiyapy;> mij vk;kPJ jpzpg;gjw;F ,e;j muR Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ.
ekJ murpay; Nfhhpf;iffs; njhl- h;ghf rpwpyq;fh muR vt;thW nraw;gl;L te;jpUf;fpd;wJ vd;gij ghprPypf;Fk; xUtUf;F gpd;tUk; cz;ik rl;nld;W Gyg;gLk;. ehk; Kd;itf;fpd;w xU Nfhhpf;ifia Kw;whf kWj;Jk; mjw;F vjpuhfTk; nraw;gLfpd;;w ,e;j muR> vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpDhlhf ehk; me;jf; Nfhhpf;ifapd; murpay; vy;iyia fle;J> mijtpl caHe;j vy;iyf;F efUk;NghJ> clNd mJ> flf;fg;gl;L tpl;l me;j Kd;ida Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F jahuhfp tpLfpd;wJ. murhq;f CopaHfspd; gjtpAaHTf;F rpq;fsnkhopapy; rpj;jpaile;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w rl;lj;ij ePf;Fjy;> jkpo; nkhopia murfUk nkhopahf;Fjy;> “=P ” tplak;.. .vd ,e;j gl;bay; ePSfpd;wJ.
,g;NghJ> ekJ kf;fspd; Nghuhl;- lk; jkpoPo tpLjiyia Nehf;fp cWjp- ahf Kd;NdWfpd;w epiyapy;jhd;> mijj; jtpHg;gjw;fhd xU je;jpNuhgha Kaw;rpahf> tlf;F-fpof;F ,izg;Gf;F rpwpyq;fh muR cld;gl;Ls;sJ. %d;whe; jug;G cjtpAlDk; rHtNjr gpw;Nghf;F rf;jpfspd; MjuTlDk; ekJ kf;fS- ld; murpay; xg;ge;jk; xd;iwr; nra;tjw;Fk; mJ jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
vdpDk; ngUe;jd;ik nfhz;ltH- fNs! ,ijf; NfSq;fs;. cq;fsplkp- Ue;J ehq;fs; epiwaf; fw;Wf; nfhz;- Ls;Nshk;. tuyhw;wpy; ve;jj; NjrKk; Vkhw;wg;glhj msTf;F> ve;jr; r%fKk; tQ;rpf;fg;glhj msTf;F ehq;fs; cq;fshy; Vkhw;wg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;> cq;fshy; tQ;rpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. Mq;fpNyNa Mf;fpukpg;gpd; ,Wjpr; rfhg;jq;fspypUe;J cq;fs; Mjpf;f eltbf;iffspd; nfhba tpisTfis ehq;fs; Rke;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. kwf;fg;- gl;l thf;FWjpfs;> fpopf;fg;gl;l xg;ge;- jq;fs;....vd Vuhsk; mDgtq;fs; vk; epidTfspy; epiwe;Js;sd. MfNt. kPz;Lk; xUKiw cq;fs; thf;FWjp- fis ek;Gtjw;F Kd;> cq;fSld; xg;ge;jk; xd;iwf; nra;tjw;F Kd; ehq;fs; mjpfk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. Mkhk; mjpfkhf. FUjpj;jhiuf- Sf;$lhfTk; GijFopfSf;$lhfTk; Fz;L Kof;fq;fspDhlhfTk; ehk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp 2000

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ng
z;fs; jkJ r%f epiyia czh;jYk; mjw;nfjpuhff; Fuy;nfh- Lg;gJk; 1600fspy; Muk;gkhtjhf Vlwpe;j tuyhW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Muk;- gj;jpy; jdpegh; hPjpahfj;jhd; ngz;fsJ tpopg;Gzh;Tf; Fuy;fs; ntspg;gl;ld. 17k; E}w;whz;bd; nghUshjhu murpay; tho;Tld; $ba ghhpa r%f khw;wkhdJ ngz;fsJ tho;tpYk; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;j ngz;fspd; nghJeydpd; mbg;gilapy; ngz;fs; mikg;ghtJk; NghuhLtJk; mjpfhpj;jJ. ciog;gh- sh;fshfTk; tpLtpf;fg;gl;l mbikf- shfTk; thOk; ngz;fs; jk;ik Ntf- khf mikg;G tbtj;jpw;Fl;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldh;. 1789,d; gpnuQ;Rg; Gul;rp- ahdJ ngz;fsJ chpikg; Nghuhl;lj;- jpy; xU gha;r;riy Vw;gLj;jpaJ vd;why; mJ kpifapy;iy. jPtpu ngz;zpa rpe;jidfs; muq;fpw;F te;j fhykhf mJ ,Ue;jJ. ngz;Zhpik NfhUk; vO- j;JfSk; ngz;fspd; murpay; FOf;f- Sk; tphptile;jd. jkJ mbg;gilj; NjitfSf;fhf ngz;fs; tPjpfspy; ,wq;fp Mh;g;ghl;lk; nra;jdh;. vdpDk; vjph;ghh;j;jjw;F khwhf kf;fis mlf;- fpa FbauR vjph;- ngz;z pa epiyg;- ghl;il vLj;jJ. ngz;Zhpikf; fofq;- fs; %lg;gl;ld. Kd;dzpapy; jpfo;e;j ngz; vOj;jhsh;fSk; Ngr;rhsh;fSk; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L rpiwapyilf;- fg;gl;ldh;. kuzjz;lidf;F cs;shf;- fg;gl;ldh;.
Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;J- tk; vDk; Kof;fj;Jld; etPd murpay; tuyhw;wpy; kdpjFyk; Kjyb vLj;J itj;j fl;lj;jpy; ngz;Zhpik kPjhd vjph;tpidfs; ,t;thW jhd; Muk;gpj;- jd.
vdpDk;> jkJ tPukpf;f Nghuhl;lq;f- spD}lhf ngz;fSf;F fpilj;j mDg- tj; jpul;rpahdJ ngz;fis NkYk; tpopg;Gzh;Tilath;fs; Mf;fpaJ. jkJ chpikfs; gw;wp ngz;fs; gy jsq;- fspYk; rpe;jpf;fj; njhlq;fpdh;. INuhg;- ghf; fz;lj;jpy; khj;jpukd;W mnkhpf;- fhf; fz;lj;jpYk; ngz;fsJ mikg;G hPjpahd Nghuhl;lq;fs; tsh;r;rp ngw;wd. 1830 fspd; gpnuQ;R cs;ehl;Lg; NghUld; ngz;f sJ nray;tPr;r Kk;Nghuhl;l gug;Gk; mjpfhpj;jJ. ngz; chpikf;fhf nray;gLgth;fs; vDk; fhuzj;jpdh- NyNa ngz;fs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L rpiwj; jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;ldh;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ngz;tpLjiyg; Nghuhspfs; ehLfle;J nry;tJk;> mjd; tpisthf ehLtpl;L ehLk; fz;lk; tpl;L fz;lKk; ngz;tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l mDgtq;fs; ghpkhwpf;nfhs;sg; gLtJk; czh;Tj; jP gw;wpf;nfhs;tJk; epfo;e;jJ. ,jd; njhlh;r;rpahf ngz;fsJ FbAhpikf;- fhd khehL 1848,y; nrndf;fh ghy;]; vDk; ,lj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. ,ij cyfpd;KjyhtJ ngz;f s;khehL vdf;nfhs;syhk;.
jkJ mbg;gil chpikfSf;fhf ngz;fs; Nkw;nfhz;L te;j Nghuhl;- lq;f spy;kpfTk;jPh;f ;f khd Nghuhl;- lkhf 19k; E}w;whz;bd; ,WjpapYk; 20k;
5
E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpYk; eilngw;w ngz;fspd; thf;Fhpikf;fhd Nghuhl;- lk; ,Ue;jJ. gy;NtW th;f;fq;fspd; eyd;fSk; ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Jy;ypa- khf gpujpgypj;jd. INuhg;gpa> mnkhpf;f> mT];jpNuypa fz;lq;fs; vq;Fk; ,g;- Nghuhl;lk; rkfhyj;jpy; jPtpuk; ngw;wJ. xUkpj;j czh;T vq;F k;tpahgpj;j p- Ue;jJ.
thf;Fhpikf;fhdg; Nghuhl;lj;ij mjd; Muk;gj;jpy; G+h;\;th th;f;f Nfhhpf;if vd r%f [dehaf Kfhk; (fk;A+dp];l;Lfs;) Vw;ftpy;iy. 1907k; Mz;L n[h;kdpapy; ele;j ,uz;lhk; mfpyj;jpd; Nguhaj;jpy; ,g;gpur;rpidf;F jPh;T fhzg;gl;lJ. r%f [dehafth- jpfspy; xU gphptpdh; Mz;fspd; thf;Fhpikia ntd;Wnfhs;tijNa jkJ gpujhd gzpahff; fz;ldh;. ngz;fSf;F thf;Fhpik NfhUtJ njhopyhs th;f;f Mz;fs; thf;Fhpik ngWtjw;F Mgj;jhfptplyhk; vdf; fhuzk; fhl;b ngz;fspd; thf;Fhp- ikia vjph;j;jdh;. vdpDk; fpshuh nrl;fpd; cl;gl;l ,d;Dk; rpyh; ,g;gpur;- rpidia mfpyj;jpd; Nguhaj;jpNyNa jPh;f;Fk;gb thjhbdh;. ,Wjpapy; ngz;fspd; thf;Fhpikf;fhfg; NghuhL- tJ vDk; Kbit Nguhak; vLj;jJ.
r%f [dehaf ,af;f k;fpis
gug;gpapUe;j INuhg;gpa> mnkhpf;f> Mrpa gpuNjrq;fspy; mjd; fl;Lf;Nfhg;ghd mikg;Gfs; ,aq;fpte;jd. ngUksT ciof;Fk; th;f;fg; ngz;fs; ,tw;wpy; gq;fhw;wp te;jdh;. n[h;kdpapy; ngz;fs; murpaypy;  x];l;hpah> mnkhpf;fh> u\;ah Mfpa ehLfspy; Nrhryprg; ngz;fspd; gykhd mikg;Gfs; ,aq;fpte;jd.
kpfTk; tphpthd jsj;jpy; nraw;gl;L
te;j r%f [ shy; rh;tNj thf;Fhpikg Kd;ndLf;f N`fd; ef ngz;fsJ khehlhdJ ngz;zpd; t tpjkhd r mtrpak; Fw Mz;L khh gQ;rhiy nj jpa Nghh;f ehisNa ,
epr;rapj;jJ Njhd;wpajw ,jpy; fpshuh tuyhw;why Ntz;bajhF ngz;fs Wj;Jk; rh;t n[h;kdpapY nraw;ghLf FOf;fs; c Ch;tyq;fs nra;jpj;jhs iufs; jahh jpw;F xU th jpg; gj;jphpif 1911Mk; M n[h;kdpapy; “ vDk; Kof;f ghl;L ehs; n “ngz;fs; j 30>000 ngz;f khd tPjp C gpd;dh; rh;t tUlhe;j epf 1911k; M ngz;fs; jpd jiytuhd m gpw;fhyj;jpy dpAk; x];l;h spf;Fk; fly q;fs; Kjy; lq;fspYk; $ bUe;jd. jq Sf;F tpl;L Nfl;FksT jd. epr;rak Nghh;f;Fzh Kjy; epfo;t
rh;tNj ngz jp

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y; nraw;gl;L
te;j r%f [dehaf ,af;fg; ngz;f- shy; rh;tNjr mstpy; ngz;fSf;fhd thf;Fhpikg; Nghuhl;lj;ij jpl;lkpl;L Kd;ndLf;f Kbe;jJ. 1910,y; Nfhgd; N`fd; efhpy; eilngw;w Nrhrypr ngz;fsJ ,uz;lhtJ rh;tNjr khehlhdJ> cyfshtpa mstpy; ngz;zpd; thf;Fhpikia typAWj;Jk; tpjkhd rh;tNjr jpdnkhd;wpd; mtrpak; Fwpj;J jPh;khdnkLj;jJ. 1908k; Mz;L khh;r ;8k;jpfjp epA+ahh;f ;efu gQ;rhiy njhopyhsg; ngz;fs; elhj;- jpa Nghh;f;Fzhk;rkpf;f Nghuhl;l ehisNa ,k;khehL ngz;fs; jpdkhf
epr;r apj;j J. khh;r ;8 ngz;f s;jpdk; Njhd;wpajw;F ,JNt mbg;gilahFk;. ,jpy; fpshuh nrl;fpdpd; jiyikj;Jtk; tuyhw;why; vd;Wk; epidT $wg;gl Ntz;bajhFk;.
ngz;fspd; thf;Fhpikia typA- Wj;Jk; rh;tNjr jpdj;ij Kd;dpl;L n[h;kdpapYk; x];l;hpahtpYk; tphpthd nraw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. FOf;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. gpur;rhu Ch;tyq;fs;> $l;lq;fs; eilngw;wd. nra;jpj;jhs;fSf;nfd tpNrl fl;L- iufs; jahhpf;fg;gl;d. Fwpg;gpl;l jpdj;- jpw;F xU thuj;jpw;F Kd;Ng tpNrl nra;- jpg; gj;jphpiffs; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld. 1911Mk; Mz;L khh;r; khjk; 8k; jpfjp n[h;kdpapy; “ngz;fSf;F thf;Fhpik” vDk; Kof;fj;Jld; ngz;fspd; nraw;- ghl;L ehs; ntspg;gl;lJ. x];l;hpahtpy; “ngz;fs; jpdk;” vDk; gjhifapd; fPo; 30>000 ngz;fSk; Mz;fSk; gpukhz;l- khd tPjp Ch;tyk; elj;jpdh;. mjd; gpd;dh; rh;tNjr ngz;fs; jpdk; xU tUlhe;j epfo;thfpaJ.
1911k; Mz;bd; KjyhtJ rh;tNjr ngz;fs; jpdk; gw;wp u\;a Gul;rpfu ngz; jiytuhd mnyf;rhe;jpuh nfhye;jha; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,t;thW $wpdhh;: “n[h;k- dpAk; x];l;hpahTk; ngz;fspd; nfhe;j- spf;Fk; flyhf khwpapUe;jd. rpwpa efu- q;fs; Kjy; fpuhkq;fs; tiu vy;yhtp- lq;fspYk; $l;lq;fs; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;- bUe;jd. jq;fs; ,Ug;gplq;fis ngz;f- Sf;F tpl;Lj;jUk;gb njhopyhshplk; Nfl;FksTf;F $lq;fs; epuk;gp tope;- jd. epr;rakhf ciof;Fk; ngz;fspd; Nghh;f;Fzhk;rj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpa Kjy; epfo;thf ,J ,Ue;jJ. Mz;fs;
rh;tNjrg; ngz;fs; jpdk;
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ngz;fs; jkJ r%f epiyia khw;- wpaikg;gjw;fhd njhlh; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jkJ chpikg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Kf;fp- aj;Jtj;ij typAWj;Jk; jpdkhf> jkJ ciog;gpd; ngUkjpia> Ra milah- sj;ij> nfsutj;ij> MSikia gpufldg;gLj;J k;jpdkhf rh;t Njr ngz;fs; jpdj;ij epr;rapj;jdh;. rh;tNjr ngz;fs; jpdk; vd;gJ cy- nfq;Fk; thOk; ngz;fis czh;Tf- shy;rq;f kpf;f r;nra;A k;ehshFk;. vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf ciog;GlDk; Nghuhl;lj;JlDk; gpize;j ngz;fs; jkJ Kj;jpiuia cyf tuyhw;wpy; gjpj;j jpdkhFk;.
,j;jpdj;jpy;  tho;itj; jpUk;gpg; ghh;g;Nghk;. Mrpa - jkpo; r%fj;- jpw;NfAhpa epyg;gpuGj;J t rpe;j id- KiwikAld; $ba Mzhjpf;f mlf;F Kiwfis xUGwk; vjph;nfhz;L te;j epiyapYk;> ekJ jha;khUk; rNfhjhp- fSk; fhyq;fhykhf toq;fptUk; ciog;G ,j;Njrj;jpd; KJnfYk;ghf jpfo;fpwJ. Aj;jj;jpd; Nfhuf; nfLgpbf- spd; eLtpy; jkJ fuq;fshy; epyj;ij cOJ> gaph;tpijj;J Njrj;jpw;F czT+l;Lfpd;wdh;. ekJ Njrj;jpd; tptrhaj;Jiwapy; ngz;fsJ rf;jpNa ngUkstpy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. gy;NtW r%fj;jilfisAk; vjph;j;Jf; nfhz;L mwpTj;JiwapYk; ekJ ngz;fs; fzprkhd ghj;jpuk; Mw;wptU- fpd;wdh;. fy;tpapYk; mwpTj;JiwapYk; ekJ ngz;fs; ntspg;gLj;Jk; Mw;wyh- dJ Mz;fSf;F rkhe;jukhf ,Ug;- gij ahUk; kWf;f KbahJ.
ekJ Njrj;jpd; fpuhkpaf; ifj;njh- opyhdJ ngz;fisNa ikag;gLj;jpap- Uf;fpwJ. Aj;jk; ,jpy; rpijit Vw;gLj;- jpapUg;gpDk; $l ngz;fs; jkJ ghuk;ghpa
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp 2000
2000
(njhlHr;rp 7Mk; gf;fk;)

Page 6
1990 2000
fspd; Kd;jkJ nrhe;j kz;zpy; jkf;NfAhpj;jhd fyhr;rhu tho;tpay; KiwikfSld; $ba Rje;jpukhdnjhU tho;it tl jkpoPo K];ypk; ngz;fs; mDgtpj;J te;jdh;. jkJ r%fj;jpw;NfAhpa Fwpg;ghdJk; kw;Wk; nghJthdJkhd Mzhjpf;f mlf;FKiwfis xUGwk; vjph;nfhs;- spDk; $l kWGwk; nrhe;j kz;zpy; tho;- tjD}lhf ngz;fshy; jkf;fhd xU tho;it cUthf;fpf; nfhs;sf; $bajh- apUe;jJ. tptrhak;> rpWifj;njhopy;>
K];ypk; ngz;fSk; rpWtpahghuk;> . . . Mfpa gpuNjrk; rhh;e;j ngz;fspd; ghuk;ghpaj; njhopy;fspy; ngz;fs;  ghJfhg;Gzh;T> vjph;fhyk; gw;wpa jpl;lq;fs;... Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;bUe;- jdh;.
vdpDk; 1990k; Mz;L K];ypk; Njrj;jpd; kPJ jpzpf;fg;gl;l Njrpa mlf;FKiwAld; $ba tho;tpl mgfhpg;ghdJ K];ypk; ngz;fs; mJtiu mDgtpj;J te;j jkJ mbg;- gil chpikfSld; $ba eyd;fis ,of;ff; fhuzkhapw;W. xU r%fk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; nghOJ ghjpg;gpid mjp- fkhf mDgtpg;gth;fs; mr;r%fj;jpd; tpspk;G epiyapy; thOk; ngz;fNs. xU Njrk; Jd;gq;fis Rkf;ifapy; $Ljy; Jd;gq;fis Rkg;gth;fshf ngz;fNs cs;s dh;. tljkpoPo K];y pk;kf;f s; jkJ ghuk;ghpa tho;tplq;fspypUe;J Juj;jpabf;fg;gLifapy; ,j;Njrj;Jg; ngz;fs; mDgtpj;j> ,d;Wtiu mDg- tpj;J tUk; Jauq;fs;> Rikfs; vt;t- ifapYk; Fiwj;J kjpg;gplg;gl Kbahjit. “mfjpKfhk; Njrkhf” tho eph;g;ge;jpf;fg; gl;bUf;Fk; tl jkpoPo K];ypk; kf;fspd; tho;thdJ jkJ Njrpa vjph;fhyk; vt;thW mik- Ak; vd;gJ gw;wpa fw;gidiaf; $l nra;a KbahjsTf;F gytPdg;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;epiyapy; ,g;gj;J- tUl fhy Njq;fpa tho;epiyahdJ ngz;fspd; epiyapy; NkYk; gpd;dil- TfisNa Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. me;epa ,l-
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murhq;f mjpgH Neubahf Ntiyjsj;- jpw;F nrd;W cldbahf Ntiyfis epWj;JkhW cj;jutpl;L cs;shH. ve;j murhq;fk; ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;j rpq;fs mjpfhupf;F gilj;jsgjpf;Fupa rfy mjpfhuq;fSf;F epfuhf nry;thf;F jug;gl;bUe;jikahy; ,e;j fl;lisia vjpHf;f jkpo;jug;gpy; vtUk; Jzpatp- y;iy. NkYk;> ,jid mk;gyg;gLj;jw;Nf mr;rk; nfhz;ltHfshf cs;sdH.
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6
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Fkhd chpik kWf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. mfjpKfhk; tho;f;iff;F ngz;fs; js;sg;gl;Ls;sdh;.
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,e;j ,f;fl;lhd #oypYk; ,g; ngz;fs; jkJ kNdhjplj;ij ,of;f- tpy;iy. jk;kPJ jpzpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Gw mlf;FKiwfisnay;yhk; vjph;j;Jf;
td;khUk; hl;l jug;gp- ;l epiyapy; ;ij Ngh\p-
nfhz;L jkJk; jk;ik rhh;e;jpUg;gth;f- spdJk; mbg;gil caph;tho;Tf;fhd md;whlg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;  jpUkiyapy; efurigapdhy; mikf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; re;ijia jpwf;f tplhky; nra;jjpy; ,e;j rpq;fs murhq;f mjpgUk;> gilj; jiyikfSk;> nfhOk;gpYs;s rpq;fs Mjpf;f rf;jpfSk; $l;likj;J nraw;- gl;ldH. xU re;ij tplaj;jpw;Nf ,g;g- bah? ,tHfsplk; ,Ue;J ehk; mjpfhu gfpHit vjpHghHg;gJ elf;Fk; fhupakh? vd;w Nfs;tpfs; ekJ Njrk; vq;Fk; ntbj;njOe;jJ.
khj;jpuky;y rf Njrg; ngz;fSf;Fk; Mjh;\khfj; jpfo;fpd;wdh;. ,J ngz; fnsDk; tifapy; ehkidtUk; ngU- iknfhs;sj; jf;f tplakhFk;.
“gpwpnjhU Njrj;ij mlf;Fk; ve;j NjrKk; jd;dstpy; Rje;jpukhdjy;y” ,J ngz;fshd ekf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. ekJ Njrj;jpdhy; ,d;ndhU Njrk; mlf;fg;gLifapy;> mj;Njrj;jpd; ngz;fs; mlf;fg;gLifapy; mijg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;L ehk; nksdpj;jpUg; Nghkhdhy; ek;kstpy; ehKk; mbikfs; jhk;. vk;Kld; $b tho;e;j> ehk; thOk; jhafj;ijNa jkJk; jhafkhff; nfhz;l K];ypk; Njr rNfhjhpfis mfjpKfhk;fspy; thoj; js;sptpl;L ehk; khj;jpuk; vg;gb tpLjiyaila KbAk;? Rje;jpu jkpoPoj;jpy; xU gFjp ngz;fs; Njrpa mlf;FKiwiaAk; mjd; tpisthf gy;NtW r%fj; Jauq;fisAk; mDg- tpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; vq;qdk; jkpoPo [dehaff; FbauR ngz;Zhp- ikia Kd;ndLf;Fk; murhapUf;f KbAk;?
tl jkpoPo K];ypk; ngz;fs; ,d;W mDgtpj;JtUk; Njrpa mlf;FKiwA- ld; $ba r%f epiyikfSf;F jkpo;- j;Njr ngz;fshd ehKk; nghWg;Ngw;f Ntz;bath;fshapUf;fpNwhk;. ekJ rf Njr rNfhjhpfspd; mbg;gil chpikf- spy; xd;whd Njrpa chpikf;fhf Fuy; nfhLg;gJk;> ekJ Njr murpay; jiy- ikapd; K];ypk; Njrj;jpd; kPjhd mlf;FKiw epiyg;ghl;bw;nfjpuhf NghuhLtJk;ekJ jhh;k Pf f;flik- ahFk;. ,jD}lhfNt ek;khy; K];ypk; ngz;fSldhd rNfhjhpj;Jt cwit fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;. ,e;j 21k; E}w;- whz;bd; KjyhtJ ngz;fs; jpdj;jpy;  jkJ fl;rp Ngjq;fis kwe;J jkJ mjpfhu ,Ug;ig NgzTk;> Mf;fpug;G Nehf;fj;- jpid tYg;gLj;jTk; kpftpopg;GlDk;> je;j pukhfTk;> $l;l hfTk;jkJ vy;- iyfis jhz;bAk; eltbf;iffis vLj;J tUfpd;whHfs;. ,e;j elbf;if- fis ntWkNd Nfhupf;iffshYk; JhJf;FOf;fs; nrd;W fijg;gjhYk; epWj;j ptpl KbahJ vd;g J kPz ;L k; kPz;Lk; ngw;w frg;ghd gbg;gpidfs;. ,tHfspd; mjpfhuj;jpw;F KbT fl;b mtHfspd; nrhe;j ,lj;jpw;F mDg;Gk; Neuk; tpiutpy; tUk;.
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp 2000

Page 7
‘M
z;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkj;Jt- Kila xU cyfpid fw;gidnra;J ghu;g;gnjd;gJ ,yFthdfhupak;jhd;. mg;gbg;gl;l xU rkj;Jtkhd Xu; cyfpidj;jhNd Nrhtpaj; Gul;rpAk; rj;jpak; nra;jpUe;jJ. Mz;fisg; Nghd;Nw ngz;fSk; xNukhjpupahf tsu;j;J cUthf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;> ,UghypdUf;Fk; rkj;Jtkhd Ntiy tpjpKiwfs;kw;W k;rk rk;g sk;......” (rpNkhd; jP g+th - ,uz;lhtJ ghypdk;)
- ngz; Mz; rkj;Jtj;jpidf; Nfhup> ngz;fspd; tpLjiyf;fhd rpe;jidfis gygilg;Gfshf vkf;Fj; je;J nrd;w rpNkhd; jp g+th.
- jdJliy vjpupfs; rpiwitj;j NghJk;; tpLjiy czu;TlDk; fUj;-
Jf;fisj; Jzpr;rYld; ntspapl;L rkurkw;w Gul;rpfu murpay; epiyg;ghl;- Lld; ,Wjptiuapy; Nghuhb gLnfh- iyf;Fs;shd Nwhrh yf;rk;Ngu;f;.
- ciof;F k;th;f ;f g;ngz;f spd; tpLjiyf;fhfNt ,Wjp %r;Rtiu tho;e;J kbe;j fpshuh nrl;fpd;.
- ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd A+jkf;fspy; xUj;jpahd rpWkpahf Nau;kdpa Njrpa nfhiyntwpf;Fg; gae;J kiwTtho;T tho;e;J> me;j tho;tpd;NghJ jdJ vz;zq;fis ehl;Fwpg;Gf;fshf tpl;Lr; nrd;w md; gpuhq;.
,d;Dkpd;Dk; ngz;fspd; cupik- fSf;fhfTk; tpLjiyf;fhfTk; jkJ fUj;Jf;fisf; $wpAk;> NghuhbAk; tho;e;j tho;fpd;w ngz;fspd; Njrq;fspy;  fWg;gpfshf> Mzhjpf;- fthjpfspd; kidtpfshf> vk;ikg; Gupe;Jnfhs;sKbahj> tpUk;ghj gpsh- ];u pf;jkpo;f ;fyhr;r hu khiyfis mzpe;j ngw;Nwhupd; mlq;fpg;Nghfpd;w ,sk; ngz;gps;isfshf> rpWkpfshf gTd;Rf;Fk;> khu;f;Ffspw;Fk;> nlhyu;f- Sf;Fk;> gpwhq;Ffspw;Fk; tpiyg;gl;Lg; Nghfpw rNfhjuu;fspd; jq;iffshf> jkf;iffshf> kidtpfshf ngz;f- shfg; Gfyplq;fspy; tho;fpNwhk;.
rpq;fs Nghpdthj mlf;FKiwf- Sf;Fk;> jkpo; tpLjiy ,af;fq;fspd; jilfSf;Fk;> Nfhuf; nfhiyf- Sf;Fk>; ngUj;J ntbj;j Aj;jj;jpw;Fk; >
7
Gfyplq;fspYk; NghuhLk; ngz;fs;!
kuz Xyq;fSf;Fk; gae;J Gfyplk; te;jtu;fs; jhd; ehk;.
Gfyplj;jpy; jkpo;g;ngz;fshd ehk; ,dthjk;> nkhopg;gpur;rpidfs;> md;dpa gyfyhr;rhuq;fs>; eilKiwfs; vd;W gy gpur;ridfis xNuNeuj;jpy; Kfq;- nfhLf;Ntz;batu;fshftpUf;fpNwhk;. ,d;epiyapy; Mzhjpf;fk; jdJ fl- ikia ve;j xU Nfs;tpAkw;W> kdpjh- gpkhdkw;W jdJNghf;fpy; nraw;gl;L jkpo;g;ngz;fshfpa vk;ik mlf;fp xLf;fptUfpwJ.
vk;ik xLf;Ftjw;F Mzhjpf;fk; itj;jpUf;Fk; MAjq;fspy; gpujhd- khdJ jkpo;f; fyhr;rhuk; gz;ghL vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j jkpof; fyhr;rhuk; gz;- ghL vd;gJjhd; vd;d? ,J Mz;f-
fpshuh nrl;fpd; Nuhrh yf;rk;NgHf;
rpNkhd; jp Nghth
Sf;Fj; Njitaw;wjh? nghl;Litj;J Nriy mzpe;J jha; je;ijaupd;> fztupd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; jopo;g ;ngz;f s;rpwe;j jkpo;g ;n gz;- fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wdu;. fLq; Fsp- upYk; vkJ rNfhjupfs; eLq;fp eLq;fp NriyfSld; INuhg;gpa tPjpfspy; tyk;tUtJjhd; jkpo;f; fyhr;rhukh?
jhd; ,ize;J thog;NghFk; jd; Jiztid jhNd njupTnra;Ak; cup- ikia ngz;fSf;F kWj;J jq;fspd; tpUg;gpw;Nfw;g ntl;fkpy;yhky; tpiy- Ak;Ngrp jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;FLg;gJjhNd vq;fs; jkpo;f; fyhr;rhuk;?
fbd ciog;gpy; cly; fisj;J tUk; kidtpau; kPz;Lk; tPl;LNtiyf- spy;  ngz;tpLj-
iyf;fhfg cz;ikNa Nwhk;. re;jp tpthjpf;fpN bfs;> gpur;r kw;wj; jkpo itf;fpwJ. vk;ikg;Ngh nfhs;sNt thndhypfs fisf; fi vOJk; ng thndhypapy ehq;fs; cl ePz;lfhyk Ntz;Lk;. rk rpe;jidfS
e;Jk; Nghuhl
,d;W v tu;fs>; vk;i atu;fs; ,q ngz;fs; jhk rpe;jpf;fj; J ,yf;fhf Nt Ngrp> thnd vd;W vj;ji ,Uf;fpd;wd Ntz;Lk;. eh gupkhw;wk;nr Ntz;Lk;. v yf;rk;Ngu;f;> gpuhq; epl;r epr;rak; ntw
kf;fs 1. 11tJ , murpay
2. rpwpyq;f
tpj;jpa ,Jehs jdpegh Nghthh ,f;fl;L vjphp ju epfo;th mopf;fg vdpDk tfpf;F mij r

rHtNjr pYk; NghuhLk; ngz;fs;!
ngz;fs;.... (5Mk; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...) cw;gj;jpfis mope;J NghftplhJ
;J Gfyplk;
fhg;ghw;wp tUfpd;wdh;. Mo;fly; kPd;gpb ngz;fSf;F kWf;fg;gl;ljhapUg;gpDk;
;fshd ehk; s;> md;dpa wfs; vd;W j;jpy; Kfq;- pUf;fpNwhk;. ; jdJ fl- w;W> kdpjh- ; nraw;gl;L k mlf;fp
fiuiaaz;ba midj;J fly;rhh; tUtha; eltbf;iffspYk; ngz;fsJ ciog;G nghjpe;Js;sJ. fsg;Gfspy; ,why;> kl;b> ez;L> ml;il gpbj;jy;> fU- thL gjdpLjy;> tiy gpd;Djy; rha- kpLjy; Nghd;w midj;J tif ciog;- gpYk; ngz;fs;  Jzpfukhd ngz;nfhpy;yhf;fs;> ngz; jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhspfs; vk;kj;jpapy; cjakhfpd;w- dh;.  tPuKk;> JzpTk; ,d;W cyf ngz;fSf;F Mjh;\dkhAs;sJ vd;why; kpifapy;iy.
,j;jifa ngUikkpF tuyhw;wpw;F chpj;Jilath;fshd  s; ,Uf;Fk; kpo;g ;n gz;- ;. fLq; Fsp- q;fp eLq;fp tPjpfspy; hr;rhukh?
ekJ jha;khiuAk; rNfhjhpfisAk; ngUikAld; epidT $h;Nthk;. ciog;- ghspfshf> Foe;ijfis cUthf;Fg- th;fshf> mwpTj;Jiwapduhf> tpLj- iyg; Nghuhspfshf... ,d;Dk; gy topf- spYk; ngz;fspd; MSikf;F Mjh;\ Gjy;tpfshf tho;e;j> tho;fpd;w ngz;fSf;F ekJ Njrj;jpd; cah;e;j nfsutk; chpj;jhfl;Lk;. ;NghFk; jd; ra;Ak; cup- jq;fspd; hky; tpiy- Lg;gJjhNd
,e;jg; ngUkpj czh;Tld; 2000k; Mz;by; vkJ rh;tNjr ngz;fs; jpd cWjpnkhopia cuj;J Koq;FNthk;:
“jkpoPog; ngz;fspd; tpLjiyf;- fhf tpl;Lf;nfhlhJk; rkurk; nra;ah-
; fisj;J ;LNtiyf- ufSf;Fs; hl;bathW
Jk; NghuhLNthk;!! vkJ Nghuhl;l gyj;jpdhy; rh;tNjr ngz;Zhpik ,af;fj;ij tYT+l;LNthk;!!!” kf;fs; fsk;... ; ehk; neQ;R yhr;rhuk;?
1. 11tJ ,jopd; Mrphpah; gj;jpapy; khWjy; njd;gLfpwJ. njhlh;e;Jk; ,t;thW
murpay; jhf;fkpf;fjha; Mrphpah; gj;jp mikAnkd vjph;ghh;f;fpNwd;. ;GWj;jg;g-
- Rfph; - epyhntsp. u;r;rpf;Fk;
2. rpwpyq;fh muRj; jiyth; mjpcah; ,uhZt ,yf;F vDk; fl;Liu kpfTk; yplq;fspy;
tpj;jpahrkhd Nfhzj;jpypUe;J xU cz;ikia ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. jkpo;g;ngz;-
,Jehs;tiuAk; muRj; jith;fis Nghuhspfs; mopj;njhopf;ifapy; mij ; fyhr;rhuk;
jdpegh; gaq;futhjk; vd;Wk; ,j;jiyth; Nghdhy; ,d;ndhU jiyth; tuhkyhg; wpf;nfhs;-
Nghthh; vd;Wk; jdpegh; mopj;njhopg;gpw;nfjpuhf fUj;J epyTk; #o;epiyapy; ,f;fl;LiuahdJ xU muRj; jiiythpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij czh;j;JfpwJ. kJ ngz;f- aikg;gJk; gzpahAs;- we;jstpy; ;l jkpo;g; gz;tpLj-
iyf;fhfg; NghuhLfpwhu;fs; vd;gJ cz;ikNa. vdpDk; ehq;fs; vOJfp- Nwhk;. re;jpf;fpNwhk;. rpe;jpf;fpNwhk;. tpthjpf;fpNwhk;. ,q;Fs;s neUf;f- bfs;> gpur;ridfs; vq;fisg;Nghy; kw;wj; jkpo;g;ngz;fisAk; rpe;jpf;f itf;fpwJ. ,e;jr; re;jpg;GfspD}lhf vk;ikg;Nghd;w ngz;fisf; fz;L nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,g;NghJ jkpo; thndhypfspy;$l ngz;fs; gpur;rid- fisf; fijf;fpwhu;fs;. Gfyplj;jpy; vOJk; ngz;fspd; Mf;fq;fis thndhypapy; epfo;r;rpahf;Ffpwhu;fs;. ehq;fs; cldbahf khwptplKbahJ. ePz;lfhykh mjw;fhf ciof;f Ntz;Lk;. rkurk; ,y;yhkYk;> njspthd rpe;jidfSlDk; njhlu;e;Jk; njhlu;-
hd; jp Nghth
e;Jk; NghuhlNtz;Lk;.
,d;W vkf;F ek;gpf;ifjuf;$ba- tu;fs>; vk;ikg; Gupe;J nfhs;sf;$b- atu;fs; ,q;F thOk; ,sk; jkpo;g;- ngz;fs; jhk;. mtu;fis neUq;FtJk; rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;LtJk; vkJ gpujhd ,yf;fhf Ntz;Lk;.. ,q;F vkf;F njiy Ngrp> thndhyp> nfhk;gpA+l;lu;> Gj;jfk; vd;W vj;jidNah trjpfs;> tsq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpidg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; re;jpj;Jf; fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;nra;J> gpd; ,ize;J Nghuhl Ntz;Lk;. vq;fSf;Fs; xU Nwhrh yf;rk;Ngu;f;> xU rpNkhd; jP G+th> xU md; gpuhq; epl;rak; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. ehk; epr;rak; ntw;wp ngWNthk;.
vjphp jug;G rhjhuz rpg;gha;fs; md;whlk; nfhy;yg;gLtJ Aj;jj;jpd; rhjhuz epfo;thfpAs;sJ. mNjNeuk; rpg;gha;fs; kw;Wk; ,uhZt cah; mjpfhhpfs; mopf;fg;gLtjd; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; Aj;j murpaypy; Vw;fg;gl;lnjhd;whAs;sJ. vdpDk; Kg;gilj; jsgjpahf ,Uf;Fk; muRj; jiyth; Mf;fpukpg;G Aj;jj;jpy; tfpf;Fk; ghj;jpuk; ,Jtiu czug;glhNj ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. ,f;fl;Liu mij rpwg;ghf czh;j;jpAs;sJ.
kjpaofd; - jkpofk;
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp 2000
2000

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2000
,e;j ‘The Editor’ BM Box 4002 London. WC IN 3XX United Kingdom
Gj;jh Kjyh nty;f> ngz;fs; jk;tpLjiyia!
info@thamileelam.org www.thamileelam.org
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zf;fk;!
rHtNjr n jpdj;ij mi gq;Fdp.8. cyf ngz;fs; jpdk;. Mzhjpf;f KiwikapdhYk; kjk;> fyhr;rhuk;> ,dk;> rhjp>murpay;> nghUshjhuk;> epwk;.... vd gd;Kf mlf;FKiwfspdhYk; jkJ
epidT $ Raj;ij> chpikfis> jkJ tho;it ,oe;jpUf;fpd;w ngz;fspd; tpLjiyia Xq;fp xypf;fpd;w ehs;. ,e;j ehspy;> mlf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w ngz;fspd;; tpLjiy czHr;rpAld; > jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rp jd;idAk; ,izj;J nfhs;fpd;wJ.
cynfq;Fk>; ngz;fs; jq;fs; tpLjiyf;fhf> jkJ cupikfSf;fhf> jkJ tho;Tf;fhf NghuhLfpd;whHfs;> ngUikf;Fhpa ntw;wpfis ngw;W te;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. kdpjFy tpLjiyahdJ> ngz;fspd; tpLjiyAld; ,Wfg; gpize;jpUf;fpd;wJ vd;w cz;ikia mtHfs; njspthf ep&gpj;J tUfpd;whh;fs;. ngz;fspd; ePz;l Nghuhl;l tuyhw;wpy;> ekJ ngz;fspd; Nghuhl;lkhdJ> Jy;ypakhd> jPHf;fkhd jpUg;G Kidia Fwpf;fpd;wJ. rpwpyq;fh muRf;F vjpuhd MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpYk; Aj;j mopTfis vjpHnfhz;L epkpHe;njOtjpYk; jkf;Fs; jpus;fpd;w gd;Kf Mw;wy;fis> mtw;wpd; KOtPr;Rld; ntspg;gLj;JtjpYk; ekJ ngz;fs; tuyhw;W Kd;Djhuzkhf jpfo;fpd;whHfs;. jk;kPjhd midj;J mlf;FKiwfisAk; jisfisAk; jfHj;njwp;e;J> Rje;jpu [Ptpfshf cah;e;njOtjw;fhf ekJ ngz;fs; Kd;ndLf;fpd;w midj;J Nghuhl;lq;fspYk; jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rp vg;NghJk; mtHfSld; ,ize;J epw;Fk; vd;gij njspthf gpufldk; nra;fpd;wJ.
,ilapyhd Fwpj;njy;y ehl;bd; mu me;epaHfS MSk; FOk tpul;babg vk;ikr;Rw;w
Vw;fdN Mf;fpukpj Nkw;nfhs;f mopj;njhopf epidj;J m nfhd;W Ft ,e;j rpq;f Mf;fpukpg;g ,ilntspa ekJ Njrpa gpur;rpidf;F> murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij %yk; jPHT fhz;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; NkYk; njhlHfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij ,lk;ngWkhapd;> mij vkJ cupikfis ntd;W nfhs;tjw;fhd xU fskhf gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ehk; cWjpahfTk; njspthfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;gJk; xU Nghuhl;l tbtNk vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhz;L> mjDhlhf ekJ Njrj;jpd; chpikfis ntd;W nfhs;tjw;fhd topKiwfis cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,j;jifa murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijahdJ> gy fl;lq;fis fle;J nry;fpd;w xU gbKiw epfo;Tg; Nghf;fhf ,Ug;gjhy; mjd; xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk;> ehk; Kd;itf;f Ntz;ba Nfhhpf;iffis njspthf tiuaWf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtw;iw ntd;nwLg;gjw;fhd cj;jpfis> murpay; mZFKiwfis tFf;f Ntz;Lk;. ekJ kf;fis Xuzpapy; jpul;Ltjd; %yKk; ekJ Nfhhpf;iffis Njreyd; rhHe;J cUthf;Ftjd; %yKk; murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;w Nghuhl;l fsj;jpy; ekJ epiyia tYthf Ngz KbAk;.
gwpKjy; nr jk;ktHfSf ,d;W gy tHj;jfrpq;f ,tHfs; ed kpr;rnr gpd;dzpapy rpq;fstHfi gpd;dhy; ,e ,tHfSf;n fhrpNdh # flw;gLf;i tpw;fg;gLtJ rpwpyq;fh muR> murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;w Nfh\j;ij vg;NghJk;Nghy;
khwhf> Muthukhf gpur;rhug;gLj;Jfpd;w NghjpYk; mjd; gilfs;> ekJ kz;zpy;
jkpoHfSk njhlHe;Jk; jkJ Mf;fpukpg;G eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;lthNw cs;sd.
ifNfhHj;j ry;ypfpuhkj;jpd; kPJ> rpwpyq;fh flw;gilapdH elj;jpAs;s ntwpahl;lKk; jhd;
kf;fis jpl Mf;fpkpj;Js;s jpUf;NfjP];tu Myaj;jpypUe;J ,uhZtk; ntspNaw kWg;gJk;
,d;W etPd V mz;ika cjhuzq;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. vdpDk;> ,tw;iw vjph;j;J ekJ kf;fSk;
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