கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: தமிழீழம் 2000.04

Page 1
rp
q;fs Mf;fpukpg;G gil- fis Njhw;fbj;J jkpoPoj;ij tpl;L ntspNaw;Wk; neba Nghuh- l;lj;jpy;> MidapwT gilKfhk; Kf;fpakhdnjhU Gs;spahFk;. ,e;j Kfhk; Gypfspd; iffspy; tPo;r;rpAWk; vdpd; jkpoPo tpLj- iyf;fhd ,uhZt nraw;ghLf- shdJ> xU Kbtpid Nehf;fp efHtjw;fhd njhlf;fkhf mike;JtpLk;.
td;dpg;gLNjhy;tpahdJ> rpwpyq;fh muirg; NghJkhd mstpw;F gytPdg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
ngz;kPjhd mj;JkPwy;!
K];y pk;Nj
R
hpjhh; mzpe;jpUe;j fhuz- j;jpw;fhf jkpo; ngz; Nghuhsp vd re;Njfpj;J ,sk; ngz; xU- tiu eLj;njUTf;Ff; nfhz;L te;J> gyuJk; Kd;dpiyapy; cilfisf; fise;J eph;th- zkhf;fpaJ rpq;fsg;gilfs;. nfhOk;G efhpd; gpujhd tPjp- nahd;wpy; eilngw;w ,t;teh- fhPf rk;gtj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;- lth; FUehfiyr; rhh;e;j xU rpq;fsg; ngz; Mthh;. ,J cz;- ikapy; Fwpg;gpl;l rk;gtj;Jld; kl;Lg;gl;l tplaky;y. ,dptUk; fhyj;jpy; rpq;fsg; gilfs; vJ- tpj jaf;fKkpd;wp jkpo;g; ngz;- fis eLj;njUtpy; epWj;jp mtkhdj;jpw;Fs;shf;Ftij- Ak; mr;RWj;JtijAk; rf[el- tbf;ifahff; nfhs;sg; Nghfp- d;wd vd;gijNa ,r;rk;gtk; fhl;LfpwJ vd;gij ehk; ftd- j;jpw; nfLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tsh;e;Jtpl;l Nghpdthjk;
tlf;F- K];ypk;fs is epiye Nehf;fj;jpy nfhq;fpu] g;G cUthf jkpoHfspd murpay; jPH Kaw;rpahf thHj;ijfs jw;f hd M Wfpd;w ,d ypk;Njrj;j ifa murpa fg;gl;bUg;g jpw;FhpaJ.
xU jd ifapy;> tl K];ypk;fs ikfis c Ltjw;fhd bUf;fpd;wh jp;d ;murpa ehl;lg;gLt Kbahky; t
vkJ ,yl;rpak; Rj
jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ gy;NtW mepah- aq;fisAk; ,ioj;JtUfpwJ. Nghpdthj ml;Lopaq;fspd; cr;- repiyahdJ ,d;W rpq;fs kf;f- isNa ghjpf;FksTf;F fz;%- bj;jdkhf ntspg;glj; njhlq;- fpAs;sd vd;gjw;F ,j;jifa rk;gtq;fNs rhd;whFk;.
jkpo;g; ngz;fis rpq;fs Mz; gilfs; mtkhdj;jpw;Fs;- shf;FtJk;> mj;JkPWtJk; mt- w;wpd; Nghpdthjj;Jld; $ba Mzhjpf;fkhFk;. ,e;epiyapy; ,t;tpU mlf;FKiwfisAk; xU Nru vjph;j;Jg; Nghuhl Ntz;- ba - mt;thW Nghuhb tUk; jkpo; ngz;fshd ehk>; rf Njr ngz;f- spd; chpikfis kjpg;gijAk;> nfsutpg;gijAk; vkJ gz;ghff; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;t- ifapy; FUehfy; rpq;fsg; ngz;- Zf;F Neh;e;j ,e;j mj;JkPwiy fz;bg;Nghk;.
- rpah-
MidapwT NghHKidapYk; muR Njhy;tpailAk; vdpd;> ,uhZt uPjpapy; kl;Lky;y murpay; uPjpapYk; mJ kPs Kbahj epiyf;F nrd;W tpLk;. fhuzk; kPs;tjw;fhd ve;jtpj mtfhrj;ijAk; tpLjiyg;Gyp- fs; rpwpyq;fhmuRf;F jug;Nght- jpy;iy.
jw;NghJ Aj;jKidahdJ gz;GuPjpapy; xU jiyfPohd khw;wj;ij fz;Ls;sJ. fle;j fhyj;jpy; tpLjiyg; Nghuhspf- spd; Kfhk;fis ifg;gw;wp mopj;njhopf;f murgilapdH gad;gLj;jpa gilefHTfisAk;> cj;jpfisAk; (gy;NtW Kidf- spy; rkfhyj;jpy; Rw;wp tisj;jy; kw;Wk; fiuNahu jiuapwf;fk;
jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rpapd; mu
kf;fSf;Nf midj;J mjpfh
rpj;jpiu 2000
MidapwT Kfhk; K gj;jhapuk; Mf;fpukpg;G gi
Nghd;wd) fspd; Kfh gjw;Fk; jf Gypfs; ga Gypfs; Kj gilapdup Ffis CL gjd; %yk; t tPo;j;Jtij ahf nfhz zkhf gil wy; kpf Nkh wJ.
Mida tpLjiyg;G my;yJ gFj id jPHkhd Gypfspd; , ky;y> rpq;f

tpiy &gh 10.00
f;fs; fl;rpapd; murpay; VL
Fuy; 1: jhd; nrj;jhYk; gilia thg]; thq;f khl;lhuhNk re;jphpfh?
Fuy;2: ghtk;> ,q;f mitapd;u gil f midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk;
vq;f Xb xopapwJ vd;L jtpf;fpwJ mtUf;F njhpahJ ,jo; -13
NghYk;. MidapwT Kfhk; Kw;Wif: gj;jhapuk; Mf;fpukpg;G gil gzakhf!
idapYk;
Nghd;wd) jw;NghJ murgil-
gjpy; jkJ eyd;fis NgZfp- Ak; vdpd;>
fspd; Kfhk;fis Rw;wptisg;-
d;w Vfhjpgj;jpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa ; kl;Lky;y
gjw;Fk; jfHg;gjw;Fk; tpLjiyg;
ty;yuR ehLfSk; cs;sd. tpL- k; mJ kPs
Gypfs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.
jiyg;Gypfs; jPHf;fkhd ntw;- d;W tpLk;.
Gypfs; Kjy; eltbf;ifahf
wpia ngWk; xU epiyik Vw;gl ve;jtpj
gilapdupd; Ml;bywp ,yf;-
Kd;Ng gpur;ridfis jhk; tpUk;- jiyg;Gyp-
Ffis CLUtpr; nrd;W mopg;-
Gk; tpjj;jpy; jPHj;J itg;gjpy; jug;Nght-
gjd; %yk; tpiuthf Kfhk;fis
Nkw;gb ehLfs; jw;NghJ jPtpu tPo;j;Jtij gpujhd NghHKiw-
mf;fiw nfhz;Ls;sd. idahdJ iyfPohd J. fle;j ; Nghuhspf-
ahf nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,jd; fhu- zkhf gilapdupd; NghupLk; Mw;- wy; kpf Nkhrkhf rupe;J nry;fp- wJ.
kpf mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy;> rH- tNjr jiyaPl;Lld; murpay; Ngr;Rf;fs; eilngWtJ cWjp- ahf ,Ug;gjhy;> mjw;F Kd; jk;- ifg;gw;wp
MidapwT Kfhk; kPjhd
ik ,d;Dk; gykhd epiyapy; gilapdH
tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; KOikahd
itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;ba mtrp- TfisAk;>
my;yJ gFjpastpyhd ntw;wpap-
ak; GypfSf;F cs;sJ. jw;Ngh- W Kidf-
id jPHkhdpf;Fk; fhuzpfshf>
Js;s gykhd epiyia tpl p tisj;jy;
Gypfspd; ,uhZt gyk; khj;jpu-
Midapwit ifg;gw;WtJ uapwf;fk;
ky;y> rpq;fs muir ghJfhg;-
(njhlHr;rp 2Mk; gf;fk;) ;JkPwy;!
K];y pk;Njrj;j pd; Gjpa murpay; Fuy;! W mepah-
tlf;F-fpof;fpy; tho;fpd;w tUfpwJ. ;fspd; cr;- pq;fs kf;f- ;F fz;%- j; njhlq;- ,j;jifa k;.
K];ypk;fspd; murpay; chpikf- is epiyehl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy;> tl-fpof;F K];ypk; nfhq;fpu]; vd;w murpay; mik- g;G cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  murpay; jPHT fhz;gjw;Fupa xU s rpq;fs
Kaw;rpahf> murpay; Ngr;R- dj;jpw;Fs;-
thHj;ijfs;; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLt- tJk; mt-
jw;f hd Maj;j q;f s; eilng- ld; $ba
Wfpd;w ,d;iwa epiyapy;> K];- e;epiyapy;
ypk;Njrj;jpd; kj;jpapy; ,j;j- wfisAk;
ifa murpay; mikg;G cUthf;- uhl Ntz;-
fg;gl;bUg;gJ Kf;fpa ftdj;- tUk; jkpo;
jpw;FhpaJ. jr ngz;f- pg;gijAk;> gz;ghff; k;. mt;t- ;fsg; ngz;- j;JkPwiy
K];ypk;Njrj;jpd; chpikfS- lDk; ClWj;J nry;y $bajhf ,Ug;gjhy;> K];ypk;Njrk;> jkJ cupikfs; Fwpj;J tpopg;GzHT- lDk; gpuf;iQAlDk; ,Ug;gJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
,t;tifapy;> xU jdpahd Njrj;jpd; murpay;Fuy; vd;wt- ifapy;> K];ypk;Njrj;jpd; kj;jp- apy; ,Ue;J> mtHfspd; cupikf- Sf;fhf ntspg;gLfpd;w Nfhhpf;- fifs midj;Jk; rkj;Jtkhd murpay; mf;fiwia ngw Ntz;- Lk;. Rje;jpukhfTk; RakhfTk; ntspg;gLfpd;w ,j;jifa Nfhhp- f;iffs;> K];ypk;Njrj;jpd; mu- xU jdpahdNjrk; vd;wt-
rpay; mgpyhi\fisAk; murp- ifapy;> tl-fpof;fpy; tho;fpd;w
ay; vjpHghHg;GfisAk; cs;sl- K];ypk;fs;> jkJ murpay; chp-
f;fpapUg;git. ,tw;iw ntd;nw- ikfis cWjpahf epiyehl;-
Lg;gjw;fhf> K];ypk;NjrKk; Ltjw;fhd flg;ghl;il nfhz;-
mjd; murpay; mikg;Gf;fSk; bUf;fpd;whHfs;. jkpo;j;Njrj;-
xd;wpize;J NghuhLtJ> mtH- jp;d ;murpay;chpikfs;epiy-
fspd; cupikahfTk; murpay; - rpah-
ehl;lg;gLtJ vd;gJ> jtpHf;f
flg;ghfTk; mikfpd;wJ. Kbahky; tl-fpof;fpy; tho;fpd;w
thrd; k; Rje;jpu jkpoPok;

Page 2
jhd m
d;ghHe;j kf;fNs! tpLj- rpwpyq;fh iyg;Nghuhl;l rf;jpfNs!
vz;zw;w vOr;rpfisAk; tPo;- r;rpfisAk; rhjidfisak; fz;l Ik;gJ tUlfhy ekJ mu- rpay; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; miug;gFjp MAjNghuhl;l tuyhwhf cs;- sJ. ,g; Nghuhl;lk; neLfpYk;>
muR murpay; Ngr;R
Kid thHj;ij vd $wpf;nfhz;L md;-
ikfspd; fL whlk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Mf;fpukpg;-
Jtjhd tpj gpd; tp];jupg;ig ghUq;fs;. gpf;-
,e;j tpjpi FkhH rq;fq;fspd; nfhe;jspg;-
jpia ehk; gijAk;> mt;tOj;jq;fSf;F
,d;iwa epi rpq;fs MSq;FOkk; ruzilt-
fshfl;Lk;> ijAk;> tPutpjhdtpd; vOr;rp-
ahl;Lk;> rf
vkJ mbg;gil epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;J tUtJ murpay; rkj;J- tk; vd;w kpf vspikahd mk;- rNk. ,jid Muk;gj;jpy; jdp kdpjHfs; vd;w epiyia fle;J ,dj;Jtr%fk; vd;w tifapYk; ,jw;nfy;yhk; gpupjpgypg;ghf fL- ikahd mlf;FKiwfisAk;> nfhLukhd Aj;jj;ijAk; rpwpy- q;fh mopg;ig fpaJk; murikf;Fk; ,iwikf;fhf k;.tpl;Lf;nfhLg;Gfs; Nghuhb muR Njrkhf> tUfpd;Nwhk;.
Nkw;nfhs;tJ vk;kPJ ehk; gpupf;fKbahj vkf;nfd jpzpj;J epw;fpd;Nwh- cWjpah-
,d;wp Njr ,d
iaAk;> iaAk;> MNtrvOj;Jf;fisAk;> il Kk; ,iwQ;Rk; Jk;> ghJfhf;f xUtiu ghJfhg;G ,dthj N[tpgp gilj;jiyikapd- jhiu xt;nthU ,d; gj;jpupiffspd;
mikr;rpdJk; thHf;FkhW Gj;njOr;rp-
FLk;g- ehl;-
my;yJ rf kf;fshfl xU nghJf GJtpjpia tPr;rhfTk #oiy fUj El;gkhfTk ntw;wpfSk; Jauq;fSk;
eltbf;iffisAk;> jkpoPoj;jpy;
fSlDk; epiwe;j ,e;j neba Nghuhl;lj;-
tpkhdj;jsq;fspd; tp];jupg;ig-
Ntz;lhkh? jpy; vj;jidNah tpiyfis
Ak;> ekJ flw;fiufis NkYk; ekJ Njrk; nfhLj;J tUfpd;wJ.
NkYk; Mf;fpukpg;gijAk;. xt;-
,e;j t cs;NsAk; ,dptUk; fhyk; ,Jtiu vjpup-
nthU ehSk; jtwhJ xt;nthU
Gwj;NjAk; fs; jhk; ,ioj;j ml;Lopaq;f-
jkpo; fpuhkq;fis Ntl;ilahL-
murpay;fi Sf;fhf mjw;fhd tpiyfis
tijAk;> gy Mapuk; ekJ kf;- mtHfs; nrYj;j Ntz;ba fhy-
fis Kfhk;fspy; milj;Jg; khFk;. ,e;j tpiyfis ve;j tb-
NghLtijAk; ghUq;fs; vjpupf- tj;jpy; nrYj;jg;Nghfpd;whHfs;
spd; ,e;j ml;lfhrq;fs; mtHf- mJ FUjpah> xypt; kukh? vd;-
spd; cs; Nehf;if re;Njfj;jpw;- gij jPHkhdpg;gij mtHfs;
fplkpd;wp ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. trk; tpl;LtpLNthk;.
mtHfsJ xt;nthU rkh-
jpy; Mo;;e;j ,e;j re;jH jtWfis fpilfhj m ikahf ,U Ald; jw;Ng nfhs;Nth rf;jpfSl
my;yJ mjid kPsKbah Kw;W-
ilapNyNa jw;NghJ rpwpyq;fh iff;F s;s hf;F tJ vd;g Jjhd;
muRf;Fk; GypfSf;Fk; ,ilNa ekJ Njrj;jpw;F vd xU jdp-
xU ,zf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ahd muRf;fl;likg;ig xj;j
Nkw;;gb Mjpf;fmuRfs; Neubah- xU jPHtpid vl;l KOikahd
fTk; kiwKfkhfTk; nraw;gl;L tha;g;ig jUk;. ,jpy; tpLjiyg;-
tUfpd;wd. ,e;j tpjj;jpy;> Gyp- Gypfs; njspthf cs;sdH.
fs;> Midapwit ifg;gw;Wt- Njrpa eydpd;ghw;gl;L mJ Kw;wp-
jpYk; mjid njhlHr;rpahf Yk; epahakhdJk; $l. jw;NghJ
jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; jf;f itg;g- jhf;Fjy; epiyapy; gykhf ,Uf;-
jpYk; Mszp kw;Wk; tsq;fspd; Fk; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; Midap-
gw;whf;Fiw vd;gNjhL> rHtNjr wit ifg;gw;wpdhy;> my;yJ Kw;-
Mjpf;frf;jpfspd; vjpHkiw Wiff;Fs;shf;fpdhy; ve;jtpj
jiyaPl;ilAk;> mOj;jq;fis- re;Njfj;jpw;Fk; ,lkpd;wp mtHf-
Ak; vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;ba epiy- spd; murpay; kw;Wk; ,uhZt
apy; cs;sdH. Nkdpiyia tpLk;.
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;L
cldbahf> MidapwT Kfhik Kw;whf ifg;gw;wp jk;t- ,g;gbahd xU gykhd epiy-
rg;gLj;Jtjpy; tpLjiyg;Gypf- ia Gypfs; miltjw;F Kd;-
Sf;F cs;s Nkw;gb rhjkw;w dNk> mt; tha;g;G neUq;fptpl;lJ
epiyikia ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;- vd;gij fzpg;gpl;ljd; mbg;g-
Nthk; vdpd;; jw;Nghijf;F rhj;- MidapwT...
jpakhf $ KfhikAk (1Mk; gf;f njhlHr;rp)
apuk; gila ghlq;fisA iyg;Gypfs itj;jpUg;g khf itj;J Gypfs; mu Zt uPjpapY whf Mdhy ikia c xU murpay KbAk;.
Mapuf;f fspd; capH e;Js;s FL fSk; Kfh fSk; jhk; m mtkhdk; k rpwpyq;fhm j;ijAk; Kd ,wq;fp tu n tNjrmO NghJ> rpq;f
2
tpLjiy Nehf;fp ek; Njrk; jpus!

jhd rpay; Ngr;R
Kidg;Gk; vk;kPjhd nfhL- hz;L md;-
ikfspd; fLikia mjpfg;gLj;- Mf;fpukpg;-
Jtjhd tpjpahf cs;sJ vdpd; q;fs;. gpf;-
,e;j tpjpia jPa;f;Fk; GJtp- fhe;jspg;-
jpia ehk; tFf;f Ntz;lhkh? q;fSf;F
,d;iwa epiyapy; tpLjiyg;Gyp- ; ruzilt-
fshfl;Lk;> jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rp- pd; vOr;rp-
ahl;Lk;> rf Njrgf;j mikg;Gfs;
j;njOr;rp-
my;yJ rf;jpfshfl;Lk;> ekJ pupiffspd;
kf;fshfl;Lk; midtUf;Fk; Ak;> ehl;-
xU nghJf;flik cs;sJ vd;w hU FLk;g-
GJtpjpia ehk; gilj;J mjid hHf;FkhW
tPr;rhfTk; ,d;iwa rHtNjr yikapd-
#oiy fUj;jpy; nfhz;L tpid- kr;rpdJk;
El;gkhfTk;> ,uh[je;jpu cj;jp- kpoPoj;jpy;
fSlDk; eilKiwg;gLj;j p];jupg;ig-
Ntz;lhkh? is NkYk; Ak;. xt;-
,e;j tifapy; ekJ Njrj;jpd; cs;NsAk; mjw;F mUfhikapYk; xt;nthU
Gwj;NjAk; Mw;w Ntz;ba mtru> l;ilahL-
murpay;filikfspd; jhHg;gupaj;- ; ekJ kf;- ilj;Jg; ;fs; vjpupf- ;fs; mtHf- ;Njfj;jpw;- fpd;wJ.
jpy; Mo;;e;j ftdj;ij Ftpg;Nghk;. ,e;j re;jHg;gj;jpy; ehk; ,iof;Fk; jtWfis jpUj;Jtjw;F mtfhrk; fpilfhj mstpw;F vjpHfhyk; fL- ikahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;w vr;rupf;if- Ald; jw;Nghija fl;lj;ij vjpH- nfhs;Nthk;. ,jw;fhf midj;J thU rkh-
rf;jpfSlDk; ,ize;Jk; mf;fk;
gf;fkhfTk; ,Ue;J jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rp nraw;gLk;.
kpf Kf;fpakhd tuyhw;W fl;l- j;jpy; ekJ Njrk; epw;fpd;wJ. MS- q;F Okk;jkf;f pilapyhd NtWgh- Lfis xj;jpitj;J tpl;L> mzpNrH- tJk; jk;ikg;gyg;gLj;JtJk; jPtpu- kile;Js;sJ. ,r;re;jHg;gj;jpy; mlf;fg;gl;L tUk; ekJ Njrk; jd;- pLjiy Nehf;fp
idg;gyg;gLj;j Ntz;baJ mtru flikahFk;. mjw;FKd;> vjpupf- spd; jug;ig gyg;gLj;Jk; ghuJh- k; Njrk; jpus!
ukhd jtiw ehk; ,iof;fhkYk;> vjpupfspd; tuyhw;W G+Htkhd Vkhw;- Wf;fSf;F cl;glhj tpopg;GlDk; ehk; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,Ug;gJ vjpnujpuhd ,uz;L Kfhk;fs;. vkJ khfkpw;;Fs; NtWghLfs; jg;ngz;- zq;fs; NtWgl;l murpay;fs; ,U- f;f $Lk;. MapDk; vjpup KfhKld; ve;j rkurj;jpw;Fk; ,lkpUf;f $lhJ. mjw;fhd ve;jnthU rpW gpbkhdq;fisAk; ehk; nfhLf;f $lhJ. ,uz;L Kfhk;fshf ,Ue;J murpay; vjpHfhyk; Fwpj;J tpthjp- f;fg;Nghfpd;Nwhk;. ,ilapy; re;jp- upfhthf ,Ue;jhYk;> udpyhf ,Ue;- jhYk; vkf;F jdpg;gl;l re;jpg;Gfs; Njitapy;iy. ehk; vd;d mtHf- Sf;F murpay; ghlk; nrhy;ypf;nfh- Lf;fg;Nghfpd;Nwhkh my;yJ mlf;- FKiw murpaypd; GJthupRfs;; vd fUjp vkJ gpur;ridfs; ,dpj;jhd; xg;Gtpf;fg;Nghfpd;Nwhkh? ,g;Ngh- NjDk; murpay; juFNtiyfis tpl;nlhopAq;fs;.
ePz;l fhyk; ,ufrpa khf nraw;- gl;L te;j vkJ mikg;ghdJ> nrd;w tUlk; Vg;uy; 15 ,y; jdJ nfhs;- iffisAk; epiyg;ghLfisAk; kf;fs; Kd; (njhlHr;rp gpufldk; 7Mk; nra;J gf;fk;)
rpwpyq;fh k; ,ilNa Lj;Jtjpy; s; Neubah- ; nraw;gl;L j;jpy;> Gyp- fg;gw;Wt- lHr;rpahf f;f itg;g- sq;fspd; L> rHtNjr vjpHkiw ;jq;fis- ;ba epiy-
idapwT ;gw;wp jk;t- iyg;Gypf- rhjkw;w ;Wf;nfhs;- jf;F rhj;-
jpakhf $baJ MidapwT
,Ue;J vOk; ve;jtpjkhd mOj;- KfhikAk; mq;fpUf;Fk; gj;jh-
jj;ijAk; mlf;fp> rHtNjr mu- apuk; gilapdH kw;Wk; MAjjs-
Rfspd; xg;GjYld; fzprkhd ghlq;fisAk; Kw;wpYkhf tpLj-
tpl;Lf;nfhLg;Gfis nra;J gpur;- iyg;Gypfs; jkJ Kw;Wiff;Fs;
ridf;F jPHTfhz rpq;fs itj;jpUg;gNj. ,tw;iw gza-
MSq;FOkk; epHge;jpf;fg;gLk;. khf itj;Jf;nfhs;tjd; %yk;|
,g;NghH Kidapy; MidapwT Gypfs; murpay; uPjpapYk; ,uh-
Kfhik Kw;whd Rw;wp tisg;gpy; Zt uPjpapYk; jkpoPoj;jpw;F khw;-
Klf;fp itg;gJ vDk; mstpw;F whf Mdhy; 
ngwKbatpy;iy vdpd;> MidapwT xU murpay; Vw;ghl;ilf; Nfhu
ePz;lfhyj;jpw;F nfhe;jspf;Fk; KbAk;.
Gs;spahf ,Uf;Fk;. my;yJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd giltPuH-
tpLjiyg;Gypfs; jw;NghJs;s fspd; capHfSk;> mtHfis rhH
,uhZt Nky; epiyapid e;Js;s FLk;gq;fSk; cwtpdH-
Ngzpf;nfhz;L> rpq;fs muR fSk; KfhkpYs;s gilf;fyq;-
jug;gpw;Fk; rpq;fs Njrj;jpw;Fk; Vd; fSk; jhk; mile;Js;s tuyhw;W
rh;tNjr rf;jpfSf;Fk; epUgpf;f mtkhdk; kpf;f gLNjhy;tpfSk;
$ba NtW vjpHghuhj ntw;wpfis rpwpyq;fhmuirAk; MSq;FOk-
rhjpj;Jf;fhl;l Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. j;ijAk; Kd;ndg;NghijAk; tpl
rhjpj;J fhl;Ltjw;fhd midj;J ,wq;fp tu nra;Ak;. ,j;Jld; rH-
rhj;jpaq;fSk; cs;sd. tNjrmOj;jq;fSk; NrUk;
-td;dpad; NghJ> rpq;fs Njrj;jpd; jug;gpy;
jkpoPok; - rpj;jpiu 2000

Page 3
,
yq;if murpay; jsj;jpy; jw;NghJ ,lk;ngWfpd;w epfo;- Tfs;> murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijf;- fhd #oy; cUthfyhk; vd;g- ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Fwpg;- ghf jkpoPo tpLjiy Gypfs; mikg;Gk; rpwPyq;fh muRk; Ngr;R- thHj;ijfspy; fye;J nfhs;- tjw;fhf jj;jkJ gpujpepjpfis njhpT nra;jpUg;gJk; Kjy;fl;l Ngr;RthHj;ijf;fhd ,lkhf NehHNt njhpT nra;ag;gl;bUg;;g- Jk; ,j;jpiria Nehf;fpa efH- Tfs; gbg;gbNa ,lk;ngWtij Fwpf;fpd;wd.
rpwpyq;fh muRld; ,ize;J tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F vjpuhf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;w jkpo; MA- jf; Fof;fs;> rpwpyq;fh muR- f;Fk; tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fk; ,ilNa murpay; Ngr;RthHj;- ijfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd Ch;tyq;fs; elj;Jfpd;wd. ,d;iwa rpwpyq;fh murhq;fj;- jpd; $l;Lf; fl;rpfspy; xd;whd rpwpyq;fh K];ypk; nfhq;fpu];> tlf;F- fpof;F ,izg;- Gf;F jhd; cld;gLt- jhf mwptpj;Js;sJ. NkYk; rpwpyq;fh muR- f;F cjtp toq;Ffpd;w epWtdq;fSk; mnkhp- f;f tUlhe;j mwpf;if- Ak; murpay; jPHtpd; mt- rpaj;ij typAWj;jpAs;- sd. ,t;thW> Njrpa kw;- Wk; rHtNjr mstpy; murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij Nehf;fpa efHT Vw;gl;L tUfpd;w epiyapy;> xU Njrk; vd;wtiapy; ehk; vt;thW nraw;glg; Nghfpd;- Nwhk;?
Kjypy;> murpay;Ngr;RthH- j;ij vd;gJ> Nghuhl;lj;jpd; xU tbtk; (xU Nghuhl;l tbtNk) vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;Nthk;. xU Njrj;jpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l- khdJ> ntF[dg; Nghuhl;lq;- fs;> MAjg;Nghuhl;lk;> murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij> ,uh[je;jpu mOj;jk;.. vd NtWgl;l tbt- q;fspy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xUNjrj;jpd; tpLjiyiag; nghWj;jtiu> mjd; Nghuhl;l tbtq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; rkKf;- fpaj;JtKilait. ,j;jifa Nghuhl;l tbtq;fspy; vijj; NjHT nra;tJ vd;gJ> mg;Ngh- uhl;lj;jpy; gq;F nfhs;fpd;w rf;jpfspd; tpUg;gj;jpdhy; jPHkh- dpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. khwhf> xt;- nthU fl;lj;jpYk;> epyTfpd;w
3
fle;j Fwpg;ghd mf> Gw #o;epiyfsp-
fhy dhNyNa mf;fl;lj;jpw;Fhpa Ngh-
muRld; Nk uhl;l tbtk; (kw;Wk; tbtq;fs;)
tHhj;ijfs jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thW
rpay; mik khWfpd;w #oYf;Nfw;g> jdJ
murpay; gz Nghuhl;l tbtj;ijAk; khw;Wt-
jtpy;iy v jd; %yNk> xUNjrk; jdJ ,Wjp
tkhf Gupe;N ,yf;Ftiu ntw;wpfukhf Kd;-
,t;tif murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij
ek; NjreyDk; !
nry;y KbAk;. ekJNjrj;jpd; ,d;iwa Nghuhl;lr; #oypy;> murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;w Nghuhl;l tbtk; gpujhd ,lj;ij ngwf; $Lk; vdf; nfhs;Nthkh- apd;> ,e;j murpay; Ngr;RthH- j;ij %yk;> ehk; vt;thW vkJ ,yf;if mile;J nfhs;sg; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd;gjpy; mf;fiw- ia Ftpg;gJ mtrpak;.
ngwf; $ba dhd Ngr;Rt ekJ Njrj iffis e itf;f Ntz murpay; Nf gLj;Jk;Ngh murpay; mi Nfhhpf;iff gij Kjyp Ntz;Lk;. , murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;w
tjw;F Nj Nghuhl;l tbtkhdJ> jdf;Nf-
,yf;fpd; f Ahpa Fwpg;ghd Kiwikfis
Xuzpapy;
ekJ j;Jk j;js Ntz yhd fis f;i f Ntz mur jsj rhHg ekJ nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,g;Nghuhl;l
ahd gpujpe tbtj;jpy; gpuNahfpf;fpd;w cj;-
whHfs; vd;g jpfs;> Mw;wy;fs;> NjHr;rp.. vd;-
g;gLj;j Ntz git Vida Nghuhl;l tbtq;f- spypUe;J NtWgl;lit> jdpf;- Fwpg;ghdit. xUNjrj;jpd; mu- rpay; Nfhhpf;iffs; gfpuq;fj; jsj;jpy; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;w re;jHg;gkhf ,J mikfpd;wJ. vdNt mj;jifa Nfhhpf;if- fis rhug;gLj;JtJk; mtw;iw murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij %ykhf ntd;W nfhs;tjw;fhf cWjp- ahfTk; Kuzw;w KiwapYk; Ngh- uhLtJk; ,q;F mtrpakhfpd;wJ. vj;jifa mOj;jq;fis vjpH- nfhs;fpd;w NghjpYk;> vj;jifa #o;epiy ,Wf;fq;fis Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wNghjpYk; ,tw;iw rkhspj;J> jkJ Njrj;jpd; murp- ay; eyd;fis tpl;Lf; nfhlhJ> ,Wjptiu jhq;fp epw;gjw;F mirah cWjpAk; kdtypikAk; nghWikAk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ.
,e;j m ijahdJ> mikg;Gf;F Fk; ,ilN ikak; nfh nfhs;Nthk ahf  ,t;tpU NaAs;s g ,Uf;f Nt mt;thW ,U
gjpyhf $ba Njrpa iyg;Gypfs chpikfsp

fle;j ;epiyfsp-
fhyq;fspy; rpwpyq;fh pw;Fhpa Ngh-
muRld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ngr;R tbtq;fs;)
tHhj;ijfspd;NghJ jkpoH mu- . ,t;thW
rpay; mikg;Gf;fs; ,j;jifa w;g> jdJ
murpay; gz;Gfis ntspg;gLj;- k; khw;Wt-
jtpy;iy vd;gij tpkHrdG+H- dJ ,Wjp
tkhf Gupe;Njw;Wf; nfhs;Nthk;. ukhf Kd;-
,t;tifapy; ,dpNky; eil- pay; Ngr;RthHj;ijAk;
ek; NjreyDk; !
Njrj;jpd; ; #oypy;> ;ij vd;w d ,lj;ij hs;Nthkh- Ngr;RthH- ;thW vkJ nfhs;sg; ; mf;fiw- ;.
ngwf; $ba rpwpyq;fh muRl- dhd Ngr;RthHj;ijfspd;NghJ> ekJ Njrj;jpd; murpay; Nfhhpf;- iffis ehk; njspthf Kd;- itf;f Ntz;Lk;. ekJ Njrj;jpd; murpay; Nfhhpf;iffis rhug;- gLj;Jk;NghJ> mit ve;jnthU murpay; mikg;gpdJk; jdpg;gl;l Nfhhpf;iffshf khwptplhjpUg;- gij Kjypy; ehk; cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,ijr; rhj;jpakhf;F- j;ij vd;w
tjw;F Njreyd; vd;w nghJ > jdf;Nf-
,yf;fpd; fPo; ehk; midtUk; wikfis
Xuzpapy; jpus;tJ mtrpak;. ekJ Nfhhpf;ifs; mid- j;Jk; Njreyd; vd;w mb- j;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpwf;f Ntz;Lk;. ekf;fpilap- yhd murpay; NtWghL- fis fle;J> ekJ Nfhup- f;i ffis ikag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij jsj;jpy;> ekJ Njrj;jpd; rhHgpy; gq;F nfhs;NthH> ekJ Njrj;jpd; cz;ik- g;Nghuhl;l
ahd gpujpepjpfshf jpfo;fpd;- ;fpd;w cj;-
whHfs; vd;gij njspthf ntsp- Hr;rp.. vd;-
g;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ;l tbtq;f- t> jdpf;- j;jpd; mu- ; gfpuq;fj; g;gLfpd;w kfpd;wJ. fhhpf;if- k; mtw;iw j %ykhf hf cWjp- wapYk; Ngh- khfpd;wJ. is vjpH- ;> vj;jifa is Kfk; k; ,tw;iw ;jpd; murp- ; nfhlhJ> epw;gjw;F typikAk; khfpd;wJ.
,e;j murpay; Ngr;RthHj;- ijahdJ> tpLjiyg; Gypfs; mikg;Gf;Fk; rpwpyq;fh muRf;- Fk; ,ilNajhd; gpujhdkhf ikak; nfhs;Sk; vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;Nthk;. Aj;jj;jpy; Neub- ahf  ,t;tpU gpupTfSf;Fk; ntsp- NaAs;s gpuptpdH nksdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ my;y. mt;thW ,Uf;fTk; $lhJ.
gjpyhf> ek;kj;jpapy; Vw;glf; $ba Njrpa If;fpakhdJ> tpLj- iyg;Gypfs; ,af;fk; ekJNjr chpikfspy; ,Wjptiu cWjp-
ahf epw;Fk;gb mtHfis epHg;ge;- jpf;fTk; gyg;gLj;jTk; Ntz;Lk;. ehk; ,e;j Ngr;RthHj;ijfspd; %ykhf vtw;iw vjpHghHf;fp- Nwhk; vd;w murpay; vy;iyia njspthf tFf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j vy;iyf;Fs; ekJ Nfhhpf;if- fis gfpuq;fkhf Kd;itf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijapy; ekJ Njrj;- jpd; rhHgpy; gq;F nfhs;fpd;w tpLjiy Gypfs; ,af;fk;> ekJ kf;fSf;F gjpy; nrhy;y Ntz;ba flg;ghl;il nfhz;bUg;gij. ehk; mOj;jkhf njhpag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijah- dJ gy;NtW fl;lq;fis jhz;b nry;y $baJ: ekJ kf;fspd; ,ay;G tho;f;iff;fhd #o;epiy Vw;gLj;jg;gLtjpypUe;J ekJ caH murpay; Nfhhpf;ifia ntd;W nfhs;tJ tiu ,J gy- gbfis flf;f Ntz;ba epiy- apy; cs;sJ. ,f;fl;lq;fs; xt;- nthd;wpYk; ehk; JhujpU\;b- Ald; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; xU fl;- lj;jpy;> K];ypk;Njrj;jpd; rhHgpy; mjd; gpujpepjpfs; Neubahf gq;F nfhs;s Ntz;ba mtrpak; Vw;gLk; vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;- Nthk;. mj;jifa #oypy;> mtH- fspd; gpujpepjpfs; rkme;j];j;- Jld; murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijf- spy gq;F nfhs;tjw;;fhd tha;g;- Gfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;; vd;g- jpy; ehk; cWjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;- Lk;. K];ypk;Njrj;jpd; murpay; vjpHfhyk; njhlHghf ve;jnthU Nfhhpf;ifiaiAk; Kd;itj;J> mjw;fhf murpay; Ngr;RthHj;- ijj; jsj;jpy; NghuhLtjw;F mj;Njrj;jpd; gpujpepjpfSf;F chpik cz;L vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tNjhL> mt;thwhd chp- ikfis rpwpyq;fh muR kWf;f Kbahj #oiyAk; ehk;; cUth- f;f Ntz;Lk;.
,NjNghd;W> kiyafj; jkpo- Hfs;> jkJ gpujpepjpfSk; ,g;Ngr;- RthHj;ijfspy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;itg;ghHfshapd;> mjw;F Mjuthf ehk; nraw;gLtNjhL> mtHfspd; gpujpepjpfs; rkme;- j];j;Jld; Ngr;RthHj;ijfspy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhd #oiy cUthf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thW> ekJ NjrKk; tpL- jiy Gypfs; mikg;Gk; ekJ (njhlHr;rp 7Mk; gf;fk;)
jkpoPok; - rpj;jpiu 2000

Page 4
m
d;ghd thrfNu! jkpoPok; Mrphpah; FOtpd; ey;tho;j;Jf;fs; jq;fSf;F chp- j;jhfl;Lk;. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; ghhpa khw;wq;fSf;Fk; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; cs;shfpapUf;Fk; epiyapy;> NjrtpLjiyg; Nghuhl;- lj;j py;murpaypy;gd;K fj;j d;- ikiaAk; [dehafj;ijAk; Vw;- gLj;Jtij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rpapd; nfhs;ifia kf;fSf;F nfh- z;L nry;Yk; murpay; Clfkhf jkpoPok; gj;jphpifia ehk; ntspf;nfhzh;e;Njhk;. 2000 Vg;uy; 15k; jpfjpAld; gj;jphpiff;F xU tUlk; G+h;j;jpahfpwJ. ,e;j ntw;wpia ehkidtUk; xUkpj;j czh;Tld; nfhz;lhLNthk;.
gj;jphpiffs; jkJ tUlhe;j ntw;wpfisf; nfhz;lhLtJ rf- [Nk. vdpDk; jkpoPok; gj;jphp- ifiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,J Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ntw;wpnad;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ,d;iwa Fwpg;- ghd #oypy;> vjphpapd; mopj;- njhopg;G cr;rj;jpy; epyTk; mNj rkak; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; mftho;tp- Yk; murpay; [dehafkw;w jd;ik NkNyhq;fpapUf;Fk; epiyapy; ,j;jifa gj;jphpif- nahd;W xUtUlk; njhlh;r;rp- ahf ntspte;jpUg;gJ Fwpj;J mjd; ntspaPl;lhsuhd ehKk; thrfuhd ePq;fSk; xU Nru ngU- kpjq;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,g;gj;jp- hpifapd; njhlh;r;rpf;F thrfhpd; gq;fspg;Gk; cw;rhf%l;lYk; Fwpg;ghd gq;fhw;wp te;jpUg;gij ,t;tplj;jpy; ehk; ed;wpAld; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
jhafj;jpy; epyTk; Aj;j nfLgpbfSf;F kj;jpapYk;> ghJ- fhg;gw;w epiyapypUe;J nfhz;- Lk; gj;jphpifia thrpj;J> Njr- j;jpd; mf - Gw epiyfis mbg;g- ilahff; nfhz;L fUj;Jfis njhptpj;J tUk; thrfh;fSf;F ehk; nghpJk; flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. Njrj;jpd; [Pthj;kh murpay; jd;ik ngw;W gj;jphpifapy; ntspg;gLkhdhy; mg;ngUikf;F chpj;Jilath;fs; ,th;fNs. mNjNghy;> Gyk; ngah; ehLfspyp- Ue;J vkf;F njhlh;rpahd mgpg;- gpuhaq;fs; $wp gj;jphpifapd; gz;ig nrOikg;gLj;jTk;> njhlh;r;rpahd ntspaPl;Lf;fhd epjp kw;Wk; nghUs;tif gq;f- spg;Gfis nra;JtUNthiuAk; ehk; ed;wpAld; epidT $h;fp-
4
Nwhk;.
gj;jphpifapd; murpaiy Kd;Ndhf;fp efh;j;Jk; tpjkhf kf;fs; fsk; gFjpf;F thrfh; kj;jpapypUe;J tUk; Nfs;tpfSk; fUj;JfSk; vk;ik cw;rhfg;g- Lj;JtJld; NkYk; Gjpa Nfhz- q;fspy; rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;Lfpd;wd vd;gijAk; ,q;F njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. vOj;J %yk; fpilf;fg; ngWk; mgpg;gpuhaq;f- isg; Nghy; thrfUldhd Neub ciuahlypypUe;J fpilf;fg; ngWk; fUj;JfSf;Fk; nrtptop fpilf;fg;ngWk; fUj;JfSf;Fk; ehk; chpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;F- fpNwhk;. vdpDk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; fsk; gFjpapy; vOg;gg;- gl;l Nfs;tpfSf;F ehk; gj;jphp- ifA+lhf Neubahf gjpyspg;- gij jtph;j;J te;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ,g;Nghf;F gj;jphpiff;Fk; thrf- Uf;fkpilapyhd ciuahlYf;F jilahf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ vDk; mbg;gilapy; ,e;j murpay; jtiw ehk; czh;tJld; mjw;- fhf Ratpkh;rdk; nra;J nfhs;- fpNwhk;.
jhafj;jpYk; Gyk;ngah; tho;- tplq;fspYKs;smNefkhd thrfh;fs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gyp- fs; gw;wpa vkJ murpay; epiyg;- ghl;il mwpe;Jnfhs;s njhlh;e;- Jk; Mh;tq;fhl;b tUfpd;wdh;. vkJ murpaiy Neh;ikahfTk; njspthfTk; gfpuq;fg;gLj;Jt- jd; %yk; kf;fsJ mq;fPfhu- j;ijg; ngWtNj vkJ murpaypd; cz;ikahd ntw;wpahapUf;Fk; vd;gjpy; jhd; ehk; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. Vida mikg;- GfsJ nraw;ghLfs; njhlh;ghd vkJ fUj;Jfis Njr eydpd;- ghl;gl;L gj;jphpifapy; ntspapL- Nthk;.
kf;fsJ gq;Fgw;wiy ika- khff; nfhz;l Nghuhl;l jiy- ikia cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Mh;tk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fl;rpapd; murpay; gj;jphpifia ntsp- apLk;ehk;vjph;f hyj;j py;$ba- tiuapy; jq;fSldhd kde;jp- we;j ciuahlypD}lhf kf;fs; mjpfhu murpay; gw;wpa fUj;- jhf;fq;fis gj;jphpifapy; ntspf;nfhzu tpUk;GfpNwhk;. ,jw;F thrfhpd; gq;fspg;G mbg;- gilahFk;.
gj;jphpifapd; xU epiwitnahl
tpLjiy..
nraw;gl;L tU eydpd; epd;W Ys;s Mgj Ntfj;jpYk; ,d;iwa tpj tpUl;rq;fs; vjpHnfhs;s q;fh muRk;> , mNjrkak; x vk;ik epiy jpirapy; vk nfhz;L ehk ekJ Nj xd;wpizg;gj fis Njrj MSq;FOk tpjj;jpYk; g Lj;jf;$ba v tUfpd;wJ. Kwpabg;gjw nfhs;s Ntz mtw;w py;KO kf;fs; fl;r njhlHe;Jk nfhs;SkhW
thrfhpd ngWtjw;F Nahfj; j Ntz;Lk;. v epiyapy; v fhd khh;f;f fNtAs;sd vkJ Njho vkJ Mju ,lh;ghLfS ,g;gj;jphpi fpilf;fr; n Ak; ,t;tpl ,jw;fhf v Mjuthsh nfsutpg;g thrpg;gjpY jhq;fs; nr vjph;nfhs;s rpf;fy;fis $bajhAs iuapy; vkJ nkhj;j Njr Ak; tifap jhf;FtJ czh;fpNw ehk; jhafj jpfSf;Fk; tiuapy; gj f;fp tUfpNw jkpoh; gue cl;gl mid

murpaiy k; tpjkhf ;F thrfh; fs;tpfSk; cw;rhfg;g- jpa Nfhz- ;Lfpd;wd jhptpj;Jf; j;J %yk; pg;gpuhaq;f- dhd Neub fpilf;fg; k; nrtptop ;JfSf;Fk; tk; toq;F- fhyj;jpy; py; vOg;gg;- hk; gj;jphp- gjpyspg;- f;fpNwhk;. ;Fk; thrf- uahlYf;F e;Js;sJ ;j murpay; ld; mjw;- a;J nfhs;-
;ngah; tho;- Nefkhd jiyg; Gyp- ay; epiyg;- ;s njhlh;e;- Ufpd;wdh;. ;ikahfTk; g;gLj;Jt- mq;fPfhu- murpaypd; hapUf;Fk; ek;gpf;if a mikg;- njhlh;ghd r eydpd;- ; ntspapL-
iy ika- hl;l jiy- z;Lk; vd k; fl;rpapd; ia ntsp- ;j py;$ba- d kde;jp- hf kf;fs; ;wpa fUj;- phpifapy; k;GfpNwhk;. spg;G mbg;-
gj;jphpifapd; xUtUl epiwitnahl;b. . .
tpLjiy...
(2Mk; gf;f njhlHr;rp)
nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. jw;NghJss fLukhd neUf;fbf;F kj;jpapy; kf;fspd; eydpd; epd;W kf;fSf;fhf nraw;gLk; xU Gul;rpfu fl;rpahdJ nraw;gLtjp- Ys;s Mgj;Jf;fis ePq;fs; ed;F mwptPHfs;. ,jdhy; ehk; vjpHghHj;j Ntfj;jpYk; gue;j gug;gpYk; nraw;gl KbahJs;sijAk; ePq;fs; mwptPHfs;. ,d;iwa tpj;J ehisa tpUl;rk;. ekJ kf;fSf;Fk; cyFf;Fk; gad;ju gy tpUl;rq;fs; cUthfl;Lk;. ek; Njrk; ,d;W xU rthiy vr;rupf;ifAld; vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd vkJ fl;rpahdJ kf;fis vr;rupf;fpd;wJ. rpwpy- q;fh muRk;> ,e;jpa kw;Wk; Vfhjpgj;jpa muRfSk; ntt;NtW Nehf;fq;fSld; mNjrkak; xU nghJ ,yf;Fld; vk;ik neUq;Ffpd;wd. ehk; kpfTk; gykhf vk;ik epiyehl;bf;nfhz;L ,e;j rthy;fis vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j jpirapy; vkJ fl;rpf;Fupa Kjd;ikahd flik vd;dntd;gij Gupe;J nfhz;L ehk; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;Nwhk;.
ekJ Njrj;jpYs;s midj;J kf;fisAk;> NjrtpLjiyr; rj;jpfisAk; xd;wpizg;gjpYk;. kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,d;W ntbj;njOfpd;w kf;fs; Nghuhl;lq;- fis Njrj;jpd; murpay; jpul;rpahf;FtjpYk;> tpLjiyg;Gypfs; elhj;Jk; MSq;FOkq;fSf;F vjpuhd vy;yhtpjkhd MAjg;Nghuhl;lq;fis ve;j tpjj;jpYk; gytPdg;gLj;jhkYk;> Mjupj;Jk;> vkJ Nghuhl;lj;ij gytPdg;g- Lj;jf;$ba vy;yhtpjkhd jtwhd nraw;ghLfis jaq;fhJ Rl;bf;fhl;bAk; tUfpd;wJ. jw;NghJ ekJ Njrk; vjpHnfhz;Ls;s rthiy ntw;wpfukhf Kwpabg;gjw;F vkJ Njrj;jpy; rhHgpy; mjd; xt;nthU jug;gpdhYk; Nkw;- nfhs;s Ntz;ba mtrukhd> mj;jpahtrpakhd filikfis typAWj;jpAk;> mtw;w py;KOikahfTk;> Kidg;g hfTk;ehNk Neubahf  Kfkwpahj vkJ Mjuthsh;fSk; gy;NtW ,lh;ghLfSf;F kj;jpapYk; jhd; ,g;gj;jphpifia jq;fSf;F fpilf;fr; nra;fpd;wdh; vd;gij- Ak; ,t;tplj;jpy; Rl;LfpNwhk;. ,jw;fhf vkJ Njhoh;fspdJk; Mjuthsh;fspdJk; ciog;ig nfsutpg;gJld; gj;jphpifia thrpg;gjpYk; ghJfhg;gjpYk; jhq;fs; nrYj;Jk; ciog;igAk; vjph;nfhs;sf; $ba ghJfhg;Gr; rpf;fy;fisAk; vk;khy; czuf; $bajhAs;sJ. vdNt Kbe;jt- iuapy; vkJ nraw;ghl;bd; gyid nkhj;j NjrKk; mWtil nra;- Ak; tifapy; gpuNahrdKila- jhf;FtJ vkJ fliknad czh;fpNwhk;. jw;Nghijf;Fk; ehk; jhafj;jpd; midj;Jg;gF- jpfSf;Fk; vkJ rf;jpf;Fl;gl;l tiuapy; gj;jphpifia gutyh- f;fp tUfpNwhk;. mNj Nghy; 

Page 5
xt;nthU murpay; Nghuhl;- lKk; kf;fspdhy; Kd;ndLf;fg;- gLfpd;wJ> kf;fspdhy; Mjhpf;- fg;gLfpd;wJ> kf;fspd; mHg;gzp- g;Gf;Fs;shfpd;wJ>  ntw;wp ngw;w xt;nthU Nghuhl;- lj;jpw;Fk; ,e;j cz;ik nghUe;- Jk;.
xU murpay; Nghuhl;lk; kf;- fspy; jq;fpapUf;fp;wJ vd;gjd; %yk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sf; $bait vit? Kjyh- tjhf> murpay; mikg;- Gf;fspd; cWg;gpdHfshf kf;fspd; xU gpuptpdNu mikfpd;whHfs;> mjhtJ xU murpay; epWtdj;jpw;Fhpa kdpj tsq;fis kf;fNs toq;Ffp- d;whHfs;. ,uz;lhtjhf> xU murpay; epWtdj;ij Mjhpg;gJ> mjw;F mtrpakhd nghUs;tif tsq;fis toq;FtJ. Nghd;wt- w;iw kf;fNs Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wh- Hfs;. %d;whtjhf> kf;fs; jkJ tuyhw;wpDhlhf mile;jpUf;fp- d;w tsHr;rpfs;> mDgtq;fs;.. Nghd;w midj;ijAk; murpay; epWtdq;fs; RtPfhpj;Jf; nfhs;- fpd;wd. ehd;fhtjhf xU Nghuh- l;lr; #oypy; Vw;gLfpd;w ,og;- Gfs;> nfhLikfs;> Jauq;fs;.. Nghd;w midj;ijAk; jhq;Ffp- d;w capHg;ghd “jhq;fw; fiur- yhf" kf;fNs mikfpd;whHfs;. ,Wjpahf ,it midj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf> kf;fs; jhNk Neubahf> jpushf Nghuhl;lj;;jpy; gq;F nfhs;tjd; %yk; mjd; ,Wjp ntw;wpia jPHkhdpf;fpd;whHfs;. ,t;thW kf;fNs xU murpay; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;mbj;jskhfTk; jPHkhdfukhd rf;jpahfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;whHfs;.
,e;j cz;ikfis jkpo;j;- Njr murpaypYk; nghUj;jpg; ghHf;f KbAk;. ekJ kf;fs; jkJ miuEhw;whz;Lf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jkpo;Njrpa ,af;fj;jpy; gy;NtW murpay; fl;rpfSf;Fk; MAj Nghuhl;l mikg;Gf;fSf;Fk; G+uz Mjuit toq;fp te;jpUf;- fpd;whh;fs;. jkJ Gjy;tpaHf- isAk Gjy;tHfisAk; rNfhju> rNfhjhpfisAk; fztHfis- Ak; kidtpfisAk; Mapuf;- fzf;fpy; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F mD- g;gp itj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;> ,g;- NghJk; mDg;gp nfhz;bUf;fpd;-
5
ntF[d Nghuhl;lq;fSk; tpLji
jkpoPo tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpy; tpLjiy
whHfs;. rpwpyq;fh gilfspdJk; rpq;fs ,dthj Fk;gy;fspdJk; Nfhuj; jhf;Fjy;fspdhy; gy;yh- apuf;fzf;fpy; jkJ capHfis ,oe;Js;shHfs;. jkJ ,Ug;gplq;- fis Jwe;Jk; mfjp Kfhk;f- spYk; Jauq;fs; kw;Wk; mtkhd- q;fSf;F kj;jpapy; tho;e;J tU- fpd;whHfs;. ,j;jidf;F kj;jp- apYk; jkpoPo Nghuhl;lj;ij jhq;fp gpbg;gtHfshfTk; mjd;
capHj;Jbg;ig mizahJ fhg;- gtHfshfTk; ekJ kf;fNs tps- q;Ffpd;whHfs;. ekJ kf;fspd; Njrpa vOr;rpAk; mtHfspd; ,j;jid kfj;jhd jpahfq;fSk; ,y;iynad;why;> ,d;Ws;s ve;jnthU jkpo; fl;rpAk; MAjg; Nghuhl;l mikg;gf;fSk; Njhd;- wpapUf;fNt KbahJ.
vdpDk; jkpo;j;Njr murp- aypy;ekJ kf;f s;nfhz;L s;s ,j;jifa mbg;gil ghj;jpuk;> ,d;Wtiu jkpo; murpay; mikg;- Gf;fspdhy; Ghpe;J nfhs;sg;- glNth> Kf;fpag;gLj;jg;glNth ,y;iy. khwhf> ekJ kf;fs; ntWk; ghHitahsu;fshf> “capHg;gw;w" MjuthsHfshf nraw;gLk;gb epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. jkJ nrh- e;j murpaiy jPHkhdpg;jw;F ekJ kf;fs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w cupik Kw;whf kWf;fg;gl;L te;- jpUf;fpd;wJ. murpay; mikg;Gf;- fspd; fUj;jpay; kw;Wk; ngsjPf hPjpapyhd mlf;FKiwfSf;Fl;- gl;L mlq;fpf; fplf;Fk; epiyf;F ekJkf;fs; cs;shf;fg;gl;L te;- jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. Kd;dH NjHjy; murpay; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l fhy- q;fspy; jkpo;fl;rpfSf;F thf;- fspg;gtHfshf kl;Lk; ekJ kf;- fspd; murpay; ghj;jpuk; nghpJk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. gpd;dH MAjg; Nghuhl;lk; gpujhd Nghuh- l;l tbtkhf khwpaNghJ> MAjg; Nghuhl;l mikg;Gf;fSf;F kdpj tsq;fs; cl;gl midj;J tsq;- fisAk; xj;Jiog;Gf;fisAk; toq;f Ntz;batHfshf ekJ kf;fs; khw;wg;gl;lhHfs;. ,t;tpU re;jHg;gq;fspYk; ekJ kf;fspd; Rakhd Nghuhl;lq;fNsh> Kd;-
ndLg;GfNs tpy;iy. khw Gf;fs; jhk; ekJ kf;fs g;ig jPHkh fpd;wd.
,t;thW gLj;jhj> k Hg;ghd gq;F fhj murpa midj;J m
spYk; fhz murpay; ghu epjpahfNt ,af;fKk; j Lj;jpapUf;f
vdpDk mikg;Gf;f g;Gf;Fk; ,i q;fspy; kpf Lfs; fhz Njrk; jdJ Ntz;Lkha vjpuhf MA Ntz;Lk; vd j;ij> mur iyg; Gypfs gpd;gw;wp tU Njrj;jpd; Nfhhpf;ifa vd;gijAk e;j Nghuhl Gypfs; cW tUfpd;whH rHtNjrhPj NjrtpLji capHg;ghd tpsq;Ffpd o;j;Njr mu epiyehl;b iy Gypfs fs; ekJ k gLtjw;Fk; rpay; tuyh thHj;jijf tpUg;gjw;F jpUf;fpd;wJ
tpLji ,uhZthPj mHg;gzpg;G> wpYk; kpf c f;fpd;whHfs f;Fhpa gz Jk;> Nghuhl

lfspdJk; y;fspdJk; hy; gy;yh- capHfis ,Ug;gplq;- p Kfhk;f- k; mtkhd- ho;e;J tU- f;F kj;jp- hl;lj;ij Tk; mjd;
huhl;lq;fSk; tpLjiyGypfSk;
ahJ fhg;- ;fNs tps- kf;fspd; tHfspd; hfq;fSk; ,d;Ws;s pAk; MAjg; Sk; Njhd;-
jr murp- fhz;Ls;s ghj;jpuk;> ay; mikg;- nfhs;sg;- ;jg;glNth J kf;fs; su;fshf> hsHfshf ;jpf;fg;gl;L jkJ nrh- hdpg;jw;F ;bUf;fpd;w g;gl;L te;- ; mikg;Gf;- k; ngsjPf wfSf;Fl;- k; epiyf;F g;gl;L te;- ;dH NjHjy; g;gl;l fhy- f;F thf;- k; ekJ kf;- puk; nghpJk; J. gpd;dH hd Nghuh- hJ> MAjg; f;F kdpj j;J tsq;- f;fisAk; shf ekJ s;. ,t;tpU kf;fspd; Nsh> Kd;-
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; tpLjiy Gypfs;- 01
ndLg;GfNsh mDkjpf;fg;gl- tpy;iy. khwhf> murpay; mikg;- Gf;fs; jhk; tpUk;Gfpd;w tpjj;jpy; ekJ kf;fspd; murpay; gq;fsp- g;ig jPHkhdpj;jd> jPHkhdpf;- fpd;wd.
,t;thW kf;fis Kjd;ikg;- gLj;jhj> kf;fspd; Rakhd> cap- Hg;ghd gq;Fgw;wiy mDkjpf;- fhj murpay; Nghf;F mNdfkhf midj;J murpay; mikg;Gf;f-
spYk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,j;jifa murpay; ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; xU gpujp- epjpahfNt> tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fKk; jd;id milahsg;g- Lj;jpapUf;fpd;wJ.
vdpDk; Vida Nghuhl;l mikg;Gf;fSf;Fk; Gypfs; mik- g;Gf;Fk; ,ilNa gpd;tUk; mk;r- q;fspy; kpfj; njspthd NtWgh- Lfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jkpo;j; Njrk; jdJ tpLjiyia ngw Ntz;Lkhapd; rpwpyq;fh muRf;F vjpuhf MAj hPjpapYk; Nghuhl Ntz;Lk; vd;w tuyhw;W mtrpa- j;ij> murpay; tpjpia tpLj- iyg; Gypfs; kl;LNk cWjpahf gpd;gw;wp tUfpd;whHfs;. jkpo;j; Njrj;jpd; mbg;gil murpay; Nfhhpf;ifahd jkpoPotpLjiy vd;gijAk; mjw;fhd tPuQ;nrwp- e;j Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; tpLjiy Gypfs; cWjpahf Kd;ndLj;J tUfpd;whHfs;. NjrpahPjpapYk; rHtNjrhPjpapYk; ekJ khngUk; NjrtpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpd; capHg;ghd rpd;dkhf mtHfs; tpsq;Ffpd;whHfs;. ,t;thW jkp- o;j;Njr murpaypy; jk;ik Mo epiyehl;bapUg;gJjhd;> tpLj- iy Gypfspd; gyj;jpw;Fk; mtH- fs; ekJ kf;fspdhy; jhq;fg;- gLtjw;Fk; jkpo;j;Njrj;jpd; mu- rpay; tuyhw;wpy; nfsutkpf;f thHj;jijfspdhy; Fwpf;fg;gl- tpUg;gjw;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;- jpUf;fpd;wJ.
tpLjiy Gypfs; ,af;fk; ,uhZthPjpahfTk; kdtypik> mHg;gzpg;G> NghHj;jpwd; vd;gtw;- wpYk; kpf caHe;j epiyia tfp- f;fpd;whHfs;. ,j;jia ngUik- f;Fhpa gz;Gfis nfhz;bUe;- Jk;> Nghuhl;ljpy; kf;fSf;Fs;s
ghj;jpuk; Fwpj;J mtHfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyg;ghLfs; fhuzkhf> [dehaf tpNuhjKk; vNjr;rhjpfhu Nghf;Fk; nfhz;l ,uhZtthj mikg;ghf jk;ik ntspg;gLj;jp te;jpUf;fpd;wh- Hfs;. kf;fs;> Nghuhl $ba Mw;- wy; mw;wtHfs; vd;Wk; jkJ fl;- lisf;F fPo;gba Ntz;batHfs; vd;Wk; tpLjiy Gypfs; fUjp> nraw;gl;L tUfpd;whHfs;. jkpo; kf;fspd; xNu murpay; gpujpepjp- ahf jk;ik epiyepWj;Jtjw;F mtHfs; jPtpukhf Kaw;rpj;J te;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. jkf;F ntspNa> jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fl;glhky; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gq;F nfhs;tjw;F ahUf;- FNk cupik fpilahJ vd;gij fLikahf nraw;gLj;jp tUfpd;whHfs;. tpLjiy Gypf- spd; Njitf;Nfw;g Nghuhl;lj;- jpy; gq;F nfhs;tJk; kdpj ts- q;fisAk; Vida tsq;fisAk; cjtpfisAk; toq;FtJNk Nghuhl;lj;jpy; kf;fs; Mw;w Ntz;ba gq;fspg;G vd;W mtH- fs; njspthf ntspg;gLj;jp te;- jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. tpLjiyg; Gyp- fsplk; epyTfpd;w ,j;jifa fz;Nzhl;lq;fspd; fhuzkhf mtHfs; jkJ nrhe;j kf;fis kl;Lkd;wp;. Vida r%fq;fis- Ak; mlf;f Kaw;rpg;gtHfshfTk; mtHfs; kPJ td;Kiw jhf;Fj- y;fis Nkw;nfhs;gtHfshfTk; khwpapUf;fpd;whHfs;.
tpLjiy Gypfs; ,af;fj;- jplk; Mog; Gije;Js;s ,uhZ- tthj fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; tpis- thf> rpwpyq;fh gilfis ,uh- ZthPjpapy; ntw;wp nfhs;tjhy; kl;Lk; jkpoPo tpLjiyia ngw;W nfhs;s KbAk; vd;W mtHfs; ek;Gfpd;whh;fs;. vdNt ,uhZt jhf;Fjy;fspy; jPtpukhfTk; cWjpahfTk;  kf;fs; kj;jpapy; murpay; nraw;- ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F gjp- yhf> jkpoHfs; kPJ rpwpyq;fh gilfSk; Vida td;Kiw mikg;Gf;fSk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w jhf;Fjy;fspy; jq;fpapUf;fpd;- whHfs;.
,t;thW jkpoPo tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpy; kf;fspd; gq;f-
jkpoPok; - rpj;jpiu 2000

Page 6
murpay;...
(3Mk; gf;f njhlHr;rp) Njrj;jpd; eyd; rhHe;Jk; Vida Njrq;fspd; eyd;fs; rhHe;Jk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w cWjpahd- Jk; NeHikahdJkhd epiyg;gh- Lfs;> murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij jsj;jpy;> tpLjiy Gypfspd;; gyj;ij gd;klq;F caHj;Jk;. rHtNjr r%fq;fs; kj;jpapy;> ekJ Njrj;jpdJk; tpLjiy Gyp- fs; mikg;gpdJk; [dehafg; gz;Gfs; Fwpj;j  Vw;W> ,e;j ,il- ntspia flg;gjw;fhd xU Kiwikia tpLjiy Gypfs; mikg;G Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tifapy; ekJ Njrj;jpd; murpay; mgpyhi\fis xd;W- jpul;Ltjw;Fk; ,jd; %yk; ekJ Njreyd; rhHe;J> ekJ Nfhhpf;- ifis rhug;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,f;- Nfhhpf;iffisNa murpay; Ngr;- RthHj;ijapy; Kd;itj;J NghuhLtjw;Fkhd ghhpa flg;- ghL jkf;F cz;L vd;gij tpL- jiyg; Gypfs; mikg;G czHe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> mjw;Nfw;g jkJ nraw;ghLfis tFf;f Ntz;Lk;. .
,t;thwhd xU Kiwikf; $lhfNt> Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; NghJ ekJ Njrpa chpikfis tYthf epiyehl;l KbAk;. ,j- w;F khwhf> tpLjiy GypfS- ldhd murpay; Kuz;ghLfsp- dhy; ghjpg;Gw;W> me;j mikg;- Gf;F vjpuhd epiyg;ghl;il Vida mikg;Gfs; vLg;gNjh>
Kjypy;> murpay;Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;gJ> Nghuh (xU Nghuhl;l tbtNk) vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;Nt tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lkhdJ> ntF[dg; Nghuhl;lq;f murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij> ,uh[je;jpu mOj;jk;.. vd N Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xUNjrj;jpd; tpLjiyiag Nghuhl;l tbtq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; rkKf;fpaj;JtK Nghuhl;l tbtq;fspy; vijj; NjHT nra;tJ vd;g gq;F nfhs;fpd;w rf;jpfspd; tpUg;gj;jpdhy; jPHkh khwhf> xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk;> epyTfpd;w Fwpg;ghd
dhNyNa mf;fl;lj;jpw;Fhpa Nghuhl;l tbtk; (k
jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
my;yJ Vida jkpo; murpay; mikg;GfSk; ekJ kf;fSk; Kd;itf;fpd;w Nfhhpf;iffis tpLjiy Gypfs; mikg;G epuhf- hpj;J> jdJ nrhe;j Nfhhpf;if- fis Kd;itg;gNjh> Ngr;RthH- j;ij Nkirapy; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; mikg;G gytPdg;glTk; ,Wjpapy; ekJ Njrj;jpd; eyd;- fis fLikahf ghjpf;fTk; nra;J tpLk;.
ekJ murpay; Nfhhpf;if- fis ehk; njspthf tiuaWg;- Nghk;. ,t;thW tiuaWf;f Kaw;- rpf;Fk;NghJ> 1985y; ehk; jpk;G- Ngr;RthHj;ijapy; Kd;itj;j Nfhhpf;iffspd; caHe;j tbt-
6
j;ij ekJNjrk; ,g;NghJ mile;J tpl;lJ vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j 15 tUl fhyj;jpy; ekJkf;fs;> rpwpyq;fh murpd;; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;;lj;jpDhlhf> xU ,iw- ikkpf;f Njrkhf ghpzkpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. xt;nthU NjrKk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;w gphpf;f Kbahj chpikahd jdpahd muir nfhz;bUg;gjw;fhd chpik- NahL> midj;J murpay; cup- ikfisAk; ekJ nrhe;j Kbtp- d;gb eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ghj;jpaij ekJ kf;fSf;Fk; cz;L.
ehk;xU jdpahd Njrkhf cUthfp> ekf;nfd nrhe;j muir cUthf;Ftjw;fhd ,W- jpf;fl;lj;ij mile;Js;Nshk; vd;w vjhHj;jj;ij ehk; njsp- thf cl;nrhpj;J nfhs;s Ntz;- Lk;. ehk; xU Njrpa,dk; vd;W rpwPyq;fhtpd; murpay; rhrdj;- jpy; Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w vy;iyia jhz;b> xU jdpahd Njrkhf Njrq;fspd; xd;wpaj;jpy; (I.eh.rigapy;) Fwpf;fg;glf; $ba epiyia mile;J tpl;- Nlhk;. kpf cWjpahf epiyehl;- lg;gl;L tpl;l ,e;j cz;ikfis
vk; epidtpy; Mog; gjpg;Nghk;.
jpk;Gf;Nfhhpf;i ffspd;xU mk;rkhfTs;s> “kiyafj; jkpo- HfSf;F gpu[h chpik toq;fg;- gl Ntz;Lk;" vd;w Nfhupf;if njhlHghf ehk; xU Kbit vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa #oypy; kiyafj;jkpoHfs; jk;ik xU jdpahdNjrkhf milahsk; fhzTk; xd;W jpusTk; Muk;- gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. jkf;nfd jdp- ahd murpay; mjpfhu myif ngWjy; vd;gij mtHfs; jkJ epfo;r;rpepuypy; Vw;fdNt ,iz- j;J tpl;lhh;fs;. jkJ murpay; chpikfSf;fhd Nghuhl;lq;f- spy; mtHfs; ngUikf;Fhpa ntw;wpfis mile;jpUf;fpd;-
whHfs;. , mtHfspd tplaj;ij Sld; ,iz spd; eyd;f fpd;w mf;fi tpy;iy. khw ay; czHi ikiaAk; njhlHghf Ald;" ele;J ijNa ,J
,j;jif Kd;itf;f Nfhhpf;iff gil mk;rq Ntz;Lk;:
1.  mtHf- spd; eyd;fspy; ehk; nfhz;bUf;- fpd;w mf;fiwia ntspg;gLj;j- tpy;iy. khwhf> mtHfspd; murp- ay; czHitAk; Nghuhl;l typ- ikiaAk; kWj;J> mtHfs; njhlHghf ehk; “ngUe;jd;ik- Ald;" ele;J nfhs;fpNwhk; vd;g- ijNa ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
,j;jifa gpd;Gyj;jpy;> ehk; Kd;itf;ff; $ba murpay; Nfhhpf;iffspy; gpd;tUk; mbg;- gil mk;rq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;:
Njrkhf nrhe;j
1.  kw;Wk; K];ypk; Njrq;fspd; jhafkhFk;. ,f;Nfhhpf;iffspy; ehk; njspthfTk; cWjpahfTk; ,Ug;Nghk;. vkJ Nfhhpf;iffs; Njrq;fspd; xd;wpaj;jpdhy;
gr;RthHj;ij vd;gJ> Nghuhl;lj;jpd; xU tbtk; Nk) vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;Nthk;. xU Njrj;jpd; dJ> ntF[dg; Nghuhl;lq;fs;> MAjg;Nghuhl;lk;> > ,uh[je;jpu mOj;jk;.. vd NtWgl;l tbtq;fspy; . xUNjrj;jpd; tpLjiyiag; nghWj;jtiu> mjd; ;nthd;Wk; rkKf;fpaj;JtKilait. ,j;jifa ; vijj; NjHT nra;tJ vd;gJ> mg;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; pfspd; tpUg;gj;jpdhy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ;jpYk;> epyTfpd;w Fwpg;ghd mf> Gw #o;epiyfsp- ;jpw;Fhpa Nghuhl;l tbtk; (kw;Wk; tbtq;fs;)
jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
g;Nghk;.
fspd;xU afj; jkpo- k toq;fg;- Nfhupf;if U Kbit wa #oypy; jk;ik xU ilahsk; Tk; Muk;- ;nfd jdp- hu myif Hfs; jkJ Nt ,iz- murpay; huhl;lq;f- ikf;Fhpa ;jpUf;fpd;-
(I.eh.rigapdhy;) Vw;Wf; nfhs;- sg;gl;bUf;fpd;w ruj;Jf;fspyp- Ue;J NtWgltpy;iy vd;gijAk; ve;jnthU Njrj;jpw;FKupa> Vw;- Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJk; mjd; gpwg;- Gld; ,ize;jJkhd chpikfs; jtpHe;j NtnwijAk; ehk; Nfhu- tpy;iy vd;gijAk; njspthf gpur;rhug;gLj;JNthk;. rHtNjr r%fq;fspd; mEjhgj;ijAk; MjuitAk; jpul;l $ba ntF- [d eltbf;iffspYk; rHtNjr muRfspd; mf;fiwia ngwf; $ba ,uh[je;jpu eltbf;iff- spYk; ehk; Kuzw;Wk; murpay; NeHikAlDk; 
Aj;jfsj;jpy; kl;Ly;y> Ngr;R thHj;ij vd;w Neub murpay; fsj;jpYk; kdtypikAlDk; tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhkYk; Nghuhlf; $batHfs; vd;gij ep&gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ekJ kf;fspd;ghy;> rfNjrq;fspd;ghy;> rHtNjr r%fq;fspd;ghy; ehk; vt;tsT [dehafg+Htkhd mZFKiw- fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;- gij vkJ xt;nthU thhHj;- ijfSk; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; ,W- jptiu fye;J nfhs;tJ kl;L- ky;y> ,g;Ngr;thh;j;ijahdJ ekJ jug;gpdhy; Fog;gg;gl khl;- lhJ vd;gijAk; ehk; cWjpahf ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
vdpDk; murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;gJ> Nghuhl;lj;jpd; xU tbtk; kl;LNk. ,jd; %yk; ekJ Njrj;jpd; eyd;fisAk; chpikfisAk; ntd;W nfhs;tjw;fhf NghuhLfpd;w m N j N t i s > ,g;Ngr;RthHj;jifspy; rpwpy- q;fh muR NeHikahd vz;zj;- Jld; fye;J nfhs;shJ vd;gjp- Yk;. ekJ kf;fs;kPJ ghrpr ,d mopg;ig Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd jahhpg;Gfspy;  ,g;- Ngr;RthHj;ijfspy; mJ fye;J nfhs;Sk; vd;gjpYk cWjpahf ,Ug;Nghk;. ,t;thwhd epiyapy;> mjd; cz;ikj; Njhw;wj;ij rHtNjr r%fq;fs; kj;jpay; gfp- uq;fg;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa murpay; fskhf> ,e;j Ngr;RthHj;ij Nkilia ehk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w mNjNeuj;jpy;> rpwpyq;fh muR vk;kPJ Nkw;nfhs;s $ba ve;j- nthU ,dmopg;G jhf;Fjy;f- isAk; vjpHj;J rkhspf;f $ba tifapy;> ekJ ,uhZt kw;Wk; murpay; eltbf;iffis ehk; Ngz Ntz;L k;. rpwpyq;f h muR> jdJ ,dthj Mf;fpukpg;G Njhw;- wj;ij rh;tNjr r%fq;fs; kj;jp- apy; jhdhfNt mk;gyg;gLj;Jk; tiu ehk; fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;> fhj;jpUf;fTk; KbAk;.
Mf;fpukpg;G Aj;jj;jpd; %yk; vk;ik ntw;wp nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gij rpwpyq;fh muR mtkh- dfukhd Kiwapy; cyFf;F ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;- wJ. murpay; Ngr;R thHj;ijap- Yk; $l> vk;ik nty;tjw;F rpwp- yq;fh murhy; ,ayhJ vd;gij ep&gpg;Nghk;. mg;NghJ ekJ NjrtpLjiy mz;kpj;jpUf;Fk;.
tujd;
jkpoPok; - rpj;jpiu 2000

Page 7
jkpoPo...
(5Mk; gf;f njhlHr;rp) spg;G Fwpj;Jk; tpLjiyia ntd;nwLg;gJ Fpwj;Jk; tpLjiy Gypfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyg; ghLfspd; fhuzkhf mtHfs; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J kf;f- isAk; kf;fspy; ,Ue;J jk;ik- Ak; gphpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf tpLjiy Gypfs; Kd;- ndLj;J tUfpd;w Nghuhl;lk; ntF[d gz;igAk; murpay; gz;- igAk; ,oe;J> xU ,uhZt Ngh- uhl;lkhf khw;wk; ngw;wpUf;- fpd;wJ.
jkpo;j;Njrj;jpd; tpLjiy vd;gJ> rpwpyq;fh gilfSf;F vjpuhf VjhtJ xU mikg;gp- dhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w ,uh- Zt jhf;Fjypdhy; kl;Lk; rhj;- jpakhf $Lk; vd;w vjpHg;ghHg;G jtwhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cyf tu- yhw;wpy; ve;jnthU nfhpy;yh mikg;Gk; ,Jtiu ngw;wpuhj khngUk; ntw;wpfis rpwpyq;fh gilfSf;F vjpuhd Aj;jj;jpy; tpLjiy Gypfs; mile;jpUf;fp-
k d;whHfs;. cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j nfhpy;yh mikg;G vd mtHfs; fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;shHfs;. ,Ue;Jk; rpwpyq;fh gilfis G+uzkhf ntw;wp nfhs;sNth> rpwpyq;fh gilfspd; Mf;fpukpg;gpypUe;J ekJ Njrj;ij tpLtpf;fNth tpLjiy Gypfshy; ,d;dKk; Kbatpy;iy. ,e;j cz;ik vkf;F Rl;bf; fhl;Ltnjy;yhk;> ,uhZtj; jhf;Fjy;fspdhy; kl;Lk;> rpwpyq;fh murpd; Mf;fpu- kpg;gpypUe;J ekJ kf;fis tpL- tpf;f KbahJ vd;gijNa.
xU Njrk; jdJ tpLjiyia ngw;W nfhs;tJ vd;gJ> jdJ Mf;fpukpg;ghsUf;F vjpuhf> gy;NtW Kidfspy;> gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;w $l;L tpistpdhy; kl;LNk rhj;jpak; vd;gij tuyhW kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;; ep&gpj;J fhl;bAs;sJ. ,j;jifa gd;Kf Nghuhl;l tbtq;fs; vd;gJ> ntF[d Nghuhl;lq;fs;> ,uhZt jhf;Fjy;fs;> ,uh[je;jpu mZFK- iwfs;> Mjhuq;fSld; $ba njhlH gpur;rhuk;> murpay; Ngr;- RthHj;ijfs;..vd mikfpd;wd.
xU Mf;fpukpg;G gil tpLjiy Nghuhspfspd; ,uhZtj; jhf;Fjy;fs; Fwpj;J vt;thW mQ;Rfpd;wNjh> mNjmsTf;F mg;gilfs; jhd; Mf;fpukpj;Js;s kf;fs; Fwpj;Jk; mQ;r Ntz;Lk;. Mf;fpukpg;G gilfSf;F kf;fs; Fwpj;J Vw;gLfpd;w ,j;jifa mr;rkhdJ mtw;wpd; Rje;jpukhd elkhl;lj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;jf;
7
$bajhfTk;> mtw;wpd ntw;wp czHit ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; tifapYk; jPtpukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNjNeuj;jpy; Mf;fpukpg;G muRk; gilfSk; fl;ltpo;j;J tpLfpd;w nfhLu jhf;Fjy;fisAk; ,dmopg;GfisAk; iftpl nra;a $ba tiffapy; rHtNjr r%fq;fs; kj;jpapy; NeHikahd gpur;rhuq;fSk; tpLjiy Nghuhl;lk; njhlHghd epahaj; jd;ikfSk; Kd;itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.rHtNjr r%fq;fspd; MjuitAk; mDjhgj;ijAk; Mf;fpukpg;G murpw;nfjpuhd mOj;jq;fisAk; ,uhZt jhf;Fjy;fspdhy; kl;Lk; ntd;W tpl KbahJ. khwhf kf;fs; RakhfTk; jPuj;JlDk; Kd;- ndLf;fpd;w ntF[d Nghuhl;lq;- fs;jhd; ,tw;iw ngw;W juf; $bad. mnkhpf;f Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf tpal;dhkpa Nghuhspfs; Nkw;nfhz;l ,hZt jhf;Fj- y;fs; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;ij tpl> mnkhpf;f Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjp- uhf> tpal;ehkpa gpf;Ffs; Nkw;- nfhz;l> jk;ikjhNk jPapl;L jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;l Ngh- uhl;lKk;> tpal;ehkpa kf;fspd; cWjpkpf;f ntF[dNghuhl;l- q;fSk;> mnkhpf;f ml;Lopaq;fs; Fwpj;J Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l Mjh- uq;fSld; $ba tpupthd gpur;- rhuq;fSk; mnkhpf;f muirAk; mjd; gilfisAk; fLikahf ghjpj;jd. ,Wjpapy; tpal;dh- kpypUe;J mtw;iw ntspNa- Wk;gb nra;jd. ,NjNghd;W ghy];jPd Nghuhl;lk; rHtNjr mf;fiwia ngw;wjw;F> ,];Nuy; gilfs; kPjhd ghy];jPd Nghuh- spfspd;,uhZt jhf;F jy;f s; kl;Lk; fhuzkhftpy;iy. “,e;jp- ghjh" vd;Dk; ftz; kw;Wk; fw;- fs; nfhz;L rpWtHfs; elj;jpa Nghuhl;lk; gpujhd fhuzpahf mike;jJ. ghy];jPd FbapUg;G- fspy; elkhLtjw;F mQ;r Ntz;- ba epiyapy; xt;nthU ,];Nu- ypa gilapdDk; itf;fg;gl;- lhd;.
,t;tpj tuyhw;W mDgtq;- fs; midj;Jk;> xU Njrj;jpd; tpLjiyf;F ,uhZt jhf;Fjy;- fs;kl;L k;NghJkhdit my;y vd;gijAk; ntF[dhPjpahd Nghuhl;lq;fSk; Nghuhl;lk; rHtNjrkag;gLtJk; mtrpak; vd;gijAk; czHj;jp epw;fpd;wd. ,e;j cz;ikfis tpLjiy GypfSk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba fhyk; te;J tpl;lJ. rpwpyq;fh murpd; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf jkJ capHfis ,oe;j> ,of;fj;
jahuhf Nghuhspfs Nghuhspfs gzpg;GfSk jKs;sjhf yq;fh gil ngw;Ws;s fspd; gp;dD tpLjiy r vd;w cz;i ahf nfhz Ue;J tpLji fis ngw jkJ fl;L As;s jkpo muRf;F vj tpy;> njhl q;fs; Kd;n wd vd;w vj Gypfs; Gupe ,jd;%yk czHitA Ak;Ghpe;J n uj;jpy;> jk gpuNjrq;fs
,
Jti fl;Liufi fUj;Jf;fi ngz;fs ve;j gbepi fhzg;gLf ngw;Ws;s M jpf;f r%f Cw;nwLj;j rpj;jhe;jNk fis nfhz ik ngwtpy fis nfhz fNs fhzg ngz;fs; M d;whHfs;. v f;fg;gltpy Mz;fs; j cl;gl;Nl ng nra;J tUf gq;Fgw;wpa gg;gl;L> Mz vdNt ekJ ]pa Nfhl;g f;fp> mjd;f Ntz;Lk;. N rpj;jhe;jj;i Mz;-ngz rpj;jhe;j m Nghuhl;lj;j Njrpa tpL Ntz;Lk;. , jfHj;njw ngz;fs; K

d ntw;wp jhopf;Fk; ,Uf;f f;fpukpg;G ;ltpo;j;J y;fisAk; pl nra;a r%fq;fs; Hikahd Nghuhl;lk; ;ikfSk; ;.rHtNjr juitAk; f;fpukpg;G q;fisAk; hy; kl;Lk; hf kf;fs; k; Kd;- ghuhl;lq;- uf; $bad. pukpg;Gf;F ghuhspfs; jhf;Fj- ; j;ij tpl> ;Gf;F vjp- ;Ffs; Nkw;- k jPapl;L hz;l Ngh- kf;fspd; Nghuhl;l- ;Lopaq;fs; ;gl;l Mjh- pthd gpur;- muirAk; fLikahf ; tpal;dh- ntspNa- jNghd;W ; rHtNjr ;F> ,];Nuy; ;jPd Nghuh- f;F jy;f s; y. “,e;jp- kw;Wk; fw;- s; elj;jpa huzpahf FbapUg;G- Q;r Ntz;- hU ,];Nu- tf;fg;gl;-
mDgtq;- Njrj;jpd; jhf;Fjy;- it my;y dhPjpahd ghuhl;lk; ; mtrpak; epw;fpd;wd. tpLjiy ;s Ntz;ba rpwpyq;fh ;F vjpuhf ;j> ,of;fj;
jahuhf cs;s jw;nfhiy
dkhd Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F jhd; NghuhspfspdJk; tpLjiy
tpjpj;Js;s jil Fwpj;Jk; tpL- NghuhspfspdJk; msg;gupa mHg;-
jiy Gypfs; kPs;guprPyid nra;a gzpg;GfSk; jpahfq;fSk; mHj;-
Ntz;Lk;. jKs;sjhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rpwp- yq;fh gilfSf;F vjpuhf jhk; ngw;Ws;s fPHj;jpkpf;f ntw;wp- fspd; gp;dDk; ekJ Njrj;jpd; tpLjiy rhj;jpakhftpy;iy vd;w cz;ikapid mbg;gil- ahf nfhz;L> jkJ ntw;wpapyp- Ue;J tpLjiy Gypfs; mDgtq;- fis ngw Ntz;Lk;. kWGwk; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F ntspNa- As;s jkpoHfspdhy;> rpwpyq;fh muRf;F vjpuhf mjpfhpj;j ms- tpy;> njhlHr;rpahd Nghuhl;l- q;fs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;- wd vd;w vjhHj;jj;ij tpLjiy Gypfs; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jd;%yk; kf;fspd; Nghuhl;l czHitAk; Nghuhl;l Mw;wiy- Ak;Ghpe;J nfhs;f pd;w mNjNe- uj;jpy;> jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s
jhk; jkpo; Njrj;jpf; xU gphp- tpdNu vd;gijAk; jk;ik mop- ahJ> ghJfhj;J> tsHj;J tUg- tHfs; kf;fs;jhd; vd;gijAk; Gypfs; czu Ntz;ba Kf;fpa jUzk;,J. jhk;jkpo;j ;N jrj;- jpd; eyd;fSf;fhf NghuhLk; tiu> kf;fspd; Rakhd> ntF[d Nghuhl;lq;fs; xUNghJk; jkf;F vjpuhf mika khl;lhJ vd;gij tpLjiyg; Gypfs; cWjpahf ek;g Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk;> ekJ NjrtpLjiy Nghuhl;lkhdJ> ntF[d Nghuhl;l tbtq;fSk; ,uhZt jhf;F jy;f Sk;xd;W - ld; xd;W ,ize;j epiyapy;
,Wjp ,yf;F Nehf;fp ntw;wp- fukhf Kd;nry;tJ Jupjg;gLk;.
tujd; gpuNjrq;fspy; kf;fspd; RahjP-
kf;fs; fsk; ,
Jtiu te;j jkpoPok; gj;jpupiffspYk;> fle;j ,jopy; te;j fl;LiufisAk; njhlHr;rpahf thrpj;jjpy; vdf;F gl;l rpy fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;fyhk; vd fUJfpd;Nwd;.
ngz;fs; kPJ Mjpf;fj;ij nrYj;Jtjpy;> jkpo;j;Njrj;ij NrHe;j ve;j gbepiy mikg;igr; NrHe;j Mz;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; XH xw;Wik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thW epfo;tjw;F jkpo;j;Njrj;jpy; Mjpf;fk; ngw;Ws;s Mzhjpf;f rpj;jhe;jk; Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. ,e;j Mzh- jpf;f r%f fl;likg;gpy; ,Ue;Nj> vkJ Njrpa tpLjiy Nghuhl;lk; Cw;nwLj;jJ. ,jdhy; Nghuhl;l mikg;GfsplKk; ,e;j Mzhjpf;f rpj;jhe;jNk NkNyhq;fpapUe;jJ. rpy mikg;Gf;fs; khHf;]pa fUj;Jf;- fis nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk>; khHf;’a rpj;jhe;jk; fl;rpf;Fs; MS- ik ngwtpy;iy. ,th;fs; ngz;fSf;fhd rpy Kw;Nghf;fhd fUj;Jf;- fis nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk;> nray;tbtj;jpy; Mzhjpf;f nraw;ghL- fNs fhzg;gl;ld. 1983k; Mz;bypUe;J> Njrpa tpLiy Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ngz;fs; Mz;fSf;F rkkhf> fsj;jpy; Nghhpl;Lk;> Kd;NdwpAk; tUfp- d;whHfs;. vdpDk; mtHfSf;nfd;W xU ];jhgdk; ,d;Dk; fl;baik- f;fg;gltpy;iy. ,d;Wtiu jkpo;j;Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Mz;fs; jiyik jhq;Fk; mikg;Gf;fspYk; Mzhjpf;fj;jpw;Fk; cl;gl;Nl ngz;fs; jq;fs; Nghuhl;l czHTfisAk; jpahfq;fisAk; nra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;. cyfpy; gy ehLfspy; tpLjiy Nghuhl;lq;fspy; gq;Fgw;wpa ngz;fs; ntw;wpapd; gpd;> kPz;Lk; mLg;gq;fiuf;F mDg;- gg;gl;L> Mzhjpf;f mlf;FKiwf;F cl;gLfpd;w tuyhWfSk; cz;L> vdNt ekJ ngz;fs; tuyhw;W gbg;gpidfis fw;W> jkf;fhd khHf;- ]pa Nfhl;ghl;L> rpj;jhe;j murpaiyf; nfhz;l jiyikia cUth- f;fp> mjd;fPo; rfy gbepiyfisAk; NrHe;j ngz;fisAk; mzpjpul;l Ntz;Lk;. Njrpa tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpy; khHf;’a Nfhl;ghl;L> rpj;jhe;jj;ij nfhz;l jiyikia ,dk; fz;L> mjDld; ,ize;J> Mz;-ngz; ,UtUk; jiyik jhq;fp elj;jf; $ba Nfhl;ghl;L> rpj;jhe;j murpaiy cUthf;fp> mijj; jkpo;j;Njrpa tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpwFhpa jiyik rf;jpahf khw;wp>; jkJ tpLjiyiaAk; Njrpa tpLjiyiaAk; rhj;jpakhf;fp Gjpa r%fj;ij gilf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; jkpo;j;Njrj;jpYs;s rfy xLf;FKiwfisAk; jfHj;njwpe;J> Gjpa rKjhaj;ij cUthf;fp> cyfj;jpy; jkpo; ngz;fs; Kd;Djhuzkhf jpfo Ntz;Lk;.
tUzd;- jpUNfhzkiy-njd;jkpoPok;
jkpoPok; - rpj;jpiu 2000

Page 8
‘The Editor’ BM Box 4002 London. WC IN 3XX United Kingdom
www.thamileelam.org info@thamileelam.org m
d;ghd thrfh;fNs! jkpohpd; Gj;jhz;L gpwe;jpUf;Fk; ,j;jUzj;jpy;>  jkpoPo muR ntFtpiutpy; mike;J Rje;jpuf; fhw;iw ehq;fs; Rthrpf;fTk; ekJ Njrj;jpw;F midj;J eyd;fSk; if$btuTk; tho;j;Jf;fs;.
ekJ Njrj;jpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; ehshe;jk; Kd;Ndhf;fp efh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. xU Gwk; Nghh;Kidapy; tpLjiyg; Gypf- Sf;F fpilj;J tUk; ntw;wpfs;> kWGwk; njhlh;e;J Njhy;tpfis re;jp- j;J tUk; rpwpyq;fh muR rkPgj;jpy; nfhOk;gpy; eilngw;w jhf;Fjypd; gpd;dUk; $l Ngr;Rthh;j;ijia ehb epw;fpwJ. gpujhd vjph;f;fl;rpahd A.vd;.gp.Ak; $l re;jphpfh jug;Gldhd murpay; jPh;Tf;fhd fye;Jiu- ahlypy; Kwpj;Jf;nfhs;shJ mij njhlh;tjpy; jdJ xj;Jiog;ig toq;fptUfpwJ. ,itahTk; Aj;jj;jpy; jhd; Njhw;Wg; NghfhJ nfs- utkhf jd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s rpq;fs mjpfhu jug;G Kaw;rpg;- gijNa fhl;LfpwJ. ,J murpay; jPh;Tf;fhd Ngr;Rthh;j;ij Nkilapy; rpq;fs murpd; if gykpoe;J tUtij ntl;l ntspr;rkhf;fpAs;sJ. ,e;epiyia ekJ Njr murpaYf;F rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;b aJ Ngr;R thh;j ;i japy;ek;r hh;g py;fye;J nfhs;S k;murpay; jiyikapd; ntw;wpfukhd murpaiy nghWj;jjhFk;.
rh;tNjr muq;fpy;  jkpoPo jdpauir mikg;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; mz;kpj;J tUk; #oypy; vkJ jug;G murpay; Nfhhpf;iffs; ,tw;wpw;F rkhe;jukhditahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; murpay; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij Nkilapy; vkJ Fuy; cWjpahfTk; xw;WikAlDk; xypj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fkhwhf jkpoh; jug;G murpay; rf;jpfs; jj;jk; topapy; mw;g Nfhhpf;iffSf;fhf rpq;fsj; jiyikaplk; kz;baplg; NghtJ  tpLjiy Gypfs; tfpj;J tUfpd;w ghj;jpuk; Fwpj;j> vkJ fl;rpapd; kjpg;gPLfisAk; epiyg;gh- LfisAk; ,e;j ,jopypUe;J Kd;itf;f tpUf;fpNwhk;. Njreyd; rhh;e;J> ehk; Kd;itf;fpd;w ,j;jifa kjpg;gPLfSk; epiyg;ghLfSk; ekJ murpay; #oypy;> kf;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk;> gd;Kfj;jd;ikAk;> [deh- af kuGfSk; cWjpahf epWtg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
kf;fSf;Nf midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk;! NjhoikAld; Mrphpah; FO (15. 04. 00)
tl mnkupf;fj; njhlHGfl;F: 300 Borough Dr., PO Box 47032 Scarborough,On. M1P 4ZP Canada
INuhg;gpaj; njhlHGfl;F: ‘The Editor’ BM BOX 6769 LONDON WCI 3XX, U.K. Tel: 07041372064
mw;g rYiffSf;F kz;bapNlhk;!
8
,e;jpa m nrayH> rpwp iyg;GypfS ngwTs;s m ij Fwpj;J fiyj;Js If;fpak;> gpu vd;w tiua gpw;Fk; Vw;Gi murpd; jw;Ng 80fspd; e rpaspj;Jk;> M thf;fp;> jdJ j;jpAk;> ,Nj ,e;jpamurp l;lk; njhlu
 r fg;gl;L> jkpo kWgbAk; vk nkhU epiy
,jw;nfy Njrpa eyd MSq;FOk Njrpa eyd whHfsh? rpd ,Ue;Jk; jd mikj;Jf;n nropf;f tpi mioj;Jf;n e;J tplg;Ngh
jw;NghJ uPjpapYk; gy sJ. mit ghupa murpd eyd;fis g Nghy> vkJ vkJ epiyg
,e;j gpd Lfis Nkw;n ghl;il vLf ,Jtiu ,e gl;ljhf ,i jpy; vkJ Ng f;Fk; Nehf;f tpl;lJ.
vdNt , vtUk; tprd mikg;Gfs jijAk;> ah Ftpj;jij ahbaijAk

itor’ 4002
C IN
ngdom
mileelam.org mileelam.org
j; jkpouhd Ftpiutpy; Njrj;jpw;F
d;Ndhf;fp iyg; Gypf- pfis re;jp- jhf;Fjypd; h;f;fl;rpahd fye;Jiu- j;Jiog;ig hfhJ nfs- g;G Kaw;rpg;- j Nkilapy; f;fpAs;sJ. ;jpf; nfhs;s k;murpay;
lahsj;ij tha;g;Gfs; ; ,tw;wpw;F py; murpay; ;WikAlDk; ; pfs; jj;jk; k; kz;baplg; fsutj;jpw;- e;jh;g;gj;jpy; kg; gLj;jp y; rf;jpfsp-
f;Fk; nghU- Ngr;Rthh;j;- kf;fs; gL- ; rhT gw;wpa k; ,j;jifa fpilf;Fk; fhs;tjw;F
pfs; tfpj;J k; epiyg;gh- ;. Njreyd; g;ghLfSk; kAk;> [deh- g;gilahff;
HGfl;F: ’ 769
.K. 064
,e;jpa murpd; ntspAwTwr; nrayH> rpwpyq;fh muR - tpLj- iyg;GypfSf;F ,ilapy; eil- ngwTs;s murpay; Ngr;R thHj;- ij Fwpj;J jdJ nksdj;ijf; fiyj;Js;shH. ,yq;ifapd; If;fpak;> gpuhe;jpa xUikg;ghl;L vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs;> rfy jug;- gpw;Fk; Vw;Gilajhf jPHT mika Ntz;Lk; vd Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. ,ejpa murpd; jw;Nghija epiyg;ghL ,JthFk;.
80fspd; eLg;gFjpapy;> jkpo; tpLjiy mikg;GfSf;F MAjg; gapw;- rpaspj;Jk;> MAjq;fs; tpdpNahfpj;Jk;> Gjpa Gjpa ,af;fq;fis cU- thf;fp;> jdJ Njitf;Nfw;g jhf;Fjy;fis KLf;fptplr; nra;Jk; jsH- j;jpAk;> ,Nj rpwpyq;fh murpid jdJ fl;Lg;ghl;bDs; nfhz;L tUtJ ,e;jpamurpd; epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;jJ.  rpwpyq;fhtpd; Mf;fpukpg;G gilfSf;F ,uh- Zt kw;Wk; csTj;Jiw xj;Jiog;Gfs; toq;FtJk;> tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; fg;gy;fis rHtNjr fly; vy;iyf;Fs; nrd;W ifg;gw;WtJk; mopj;njhopg;gJk; mjd; epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ.
ehis> rpwpyq;fh Mf;fpukpg;G gilfs; ekJ Njrj;jhy;> Njhw;fbf;- fg;gl;L> jkpoPo FbauR mikag;NghFk; jUzj;jpy;> jd; gilnfhz;L kWgbAk; vk;Njrj;ij Mf;fpukpf;f KidtJ ,e;jpa murpd; kw;W- nkhU epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;jhYk; ehk; Mr;rpupag;gLtjw;fpy;iy.
,jw;nfy;yhk; mtHfs; $Wfpd;w xNunahU fhuzk; ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa eyd; vd;gjhFk;. ,jd; nghUs; ,e;jpamurpd; gpd;NdAs;s MSq;FOkj;jpd; eyd;fs; vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. mg;gbahapd; ekJ Njrpa eyd;fis mtHfspd; eyDf;F gypapl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;- whHfsh? rpd;dQ;rpwpa ek; Njrk;> ,d mopg;gpy; ,Ue;Jk; Mf;fpukpg;gpy; ,Ue;Jk; jd;id tpLtp;j;Jf;nfhz;L> jdf;nfd nrhe;j Fbauir mikj;Jf;nfhs;tJk;> rf Njrq;fSld; rf tho;Tk;> rkhjhdKk; nropf;f tpistJk; gyk; kpf;f xU gpuhe;jpa ty;yuR vd jd;id mioj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; ,e;jpa murpw;F mg;gbnad;d Mgj;jhf mik- e;J tplg;Nghfpd;wJ?
jw;NghJ> nghUshjhu uPjpapYk;> ,uhZt uPjpapYk; murpay; uPjpapYk; gy fhuzq;fs; ,e;jpa murpd; epiyg;ghLfspd; gpd;Nd cs;- sJ. mit vJthfTk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. ekJ Njrj;jpd; moptpy; jdJ ghupa murpd; epiyj;jiy ,e;jpamuR Ngz Kay;tJ ekJ Njrpa eyd;fis gwpg;gjhFk;. ve;jnthU Njrj;jpw;Fk; cs;s cupikia Nghy> vkJ Njrpa eyd;fis fhf;f tpl;Lf;nfhLf;fhJ NghuhLtJ vkJ epiyghlhFk;.
,e;j gpd;Gyj;jpy;> jdJ eyd;fspy; ,Ue;J mbf;fb epiyg;gh- Lfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ,e;jpa muR>  ePz;l fhyj;- jpy; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;ij Klf;fp jdJ eyDf;F Vw;Gila jPHit jpzp- f;Fk; Nehf;fpy;jhd; vd;gij mJ re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkpd;wp ep&gpj;J tpl;lJ.
vdNt ,e;jpa murpd; jw;Nghija epiyg;ghl;il ,l;L  aho;g;ghzj;ij ifg;gw;w ekJ ,uz;lhapuk; kf;fis nfhd;W Ftpj;jijAk; Ehw;Wf;fzf;fpy; tpLjiyg;Gypfis Ntl;il- ahbaijAk;> vg;gb ehk; kwf;f KbAk;?
tp[p
,e;jpa murpd; Gjpa epiyg;ghL?
jkpoPok; - rpj;jpiu 2000