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Xuzp jpuz;L NjHjiy epuhfupg;Nghk;!
fhz;gJk; ,jid mlf;fg;gLk; Njr tifapy; vjpHnfhs;tJ vd jPHf;fkhd mk;rkh
1977 ,y; eilngw NjHjiy - mg;NghJ vd;w murpay;; Nf ahdJ jilnra;a ftpy;iy vd;gJld ahg;gpy; ,f;Nfhu jilnra;Ak; 6 tJ cs;slf;fg;gl;bUf - xU rHtrd thf;n vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> e rp
wpyq;fh muR jdJ rpq;fs rl;l- kd;wj;ij (ghuhSkd;iw) mikf;f kw;W- nkhU NjHjiy elhj;jTs;sJ. Kw;wpYk; ek;Njreyd;fSf;F vjpuhf nraw;gl;L tUk; rpwpyq;fh murhdJ> jdf;fhd xU rhjdj;ij mikf;f ,j;NjHjiy ehlhj;- Jfpd;wJ.  gbg;gbahf mopj;njhopg;G nra;J tUfpd;w rpwpyq;fh murhdJ elhj;Jk; ,e;j NjHjy; njhlHghd ekJ Njrj;jpd; epiy vd;d? jw;NghJs;s Nghuhl;l #oypy; ,j;- NjHjypy;  mt;nt jPHkhdfukhd jhHg;gupaj;ij v
,e;jf; Nfs;tpfSf;fhd tpilfisf;
(njhlHr;rp 2M ghlk; gbg;gpf;Fk; ek;kf;fs;!
t
l jkpoPog; Gduikg;gpw;nfd ,t;thz;L xJf;fg;gl;bUe;j 556 Nfhb &gh epjp> jw;NghJ mtru mq;F muRrhH jkpo;f; fl;rpnahd;wpd; jiyikapy; “gfpHe;jspf;f”g;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. kf;fspd gw;wpAk; mtHfis jhk; xUNghJk; iftplg;Nghtjpy;iy vdTk; ,f;FO rgjk; nra;Js;sJ.
,t;tUlj; njhlf;fj;jpy; tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;ba epjpahdJ> tljkpoPok tpLtpf;fg;gl;Lf;nfhz;L tUtjdhy; Vw;gl;l mr;rj;jpd; fhuzkhf murpdhy; Klf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mg;N ekJ kf;fs; gw;wpa mf;fiw ,tHfsJ epidtpw;F tutpy;iy. NkYk; mg;NghJ ,tHfs; jkJ %l;il K fl;bf;nfhz;L jk;kf;fisf; iftpl;L> nfhOk;Gf;F fpsk;g jahuhfpf;nfhz;bUe;j Neuk;.
jw;NghJ> tug;NghFk; rpwpyq;fh NjHjypy; xU rpy thf;Ffis ngw;Wk>; jkf;Fj; jhNk Nghl;Lf;nf Mrdq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ> rpq;fs v[khdHfSf;F tpRthrkhf ele;J> tpLjiyg; Ngh gytPdg;gLj;JtJ Nghd;w “Nkyhd” Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf ,tHfs; ,g;gb jpBH mf;fiw nfhz;Ls;sd ekJ kf;fs; mwpahky; ,y;iy. Mdhy;> ,e;j FOf;fspd; mwpahik vd;dntd;why;> rPnke;J njhopw;rh fhfpjnjhopw;rhiyiaAk; ngw;Wj;je;j “khngUk;” jiytHfis vkJ kf;fs; epuhfupj;j tuy mtHfshy; ekJ Njrj;jpd; mbg;gil murpay; mgpyhirfis rw;Wk; jpir jpUg;g Kbahky; Nghdi tpl;lJk;jhd;.
jkJ Njrpa eyd;fSf;F tpNuhjkhf gy;NtW jug;gpdH gy;NtW Kiwfspy; nraw;gl;L tUtij k mwptH. mJ kl;Lky;y ,e;j xt;nthU gpuptpdiuAk; vg;gbf; ifahs;tJ> vg;gb gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs Neuj;jpy; ve;j topapy; jz;bg;gJ Nghd;w mDgtq;fisAk; tuyhw;WG+Htkhf kf;fs; ed;whf fw nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,e;jtpjj;jpy;> ,Wjpahf cz;ikapy; Vkhwg;NghtJ kf;fsy;y> kf;fis gfilf;fha;f elhj;jpatHfNs vd;gij ,d;DnkhU jlit tuyhW tpiutpy; ep&gpf;Fk;.
jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rpapd; mu
kf;fSf;Nf midj;J mjpfh
Gul;lhjp 2000
1 vkJ ,yl;rpak; Rj

“...ek;k rdq;fspd; nuj;jj;ijAk; rlyq;fisAk; Vl;bf;fle;J thf;Fg; Nghl ehk; Nghfyhkh;...?”
;L NjHjiy pg;Nghk;!
fhz;gJk; ,jid ehk; xU mlf;fg;gLk; Njrk; vd;w tifapy; vt;thW vjpHnfhs;tJ vd;gJ xU jPHf;fkhd mk;rkhFk;.
1977 ,y; eilngw;w nghJj; NjHjiy - mg;NghJ jkpoPok; vd;w murpay;; Nfhupf;if- ahdJ jilnra;ag;gl;bUf;- ftpy;iy vd;gJld; murpay; ahg;gpy; ,f;Nfhupf;ifia jilnra;Ak; 6 tJ jpUj;jk; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy - xU rHtrd thf;nfLg;ghf vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> ekJ Njrk; bauR mikf;Fk; ,yl;rpaj;- ;fspj;jJ. jkpoPo Fbaurpw;fhd k; mjw;fhd fhuzq;fisAk; pw;F Clhf md;iwa epiy- l Mapuk; klq;F mjpfkhf ,g;- ; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. NkYk;> ,d;W ; Nghuhl;lkhdJ Kf;fpa tshr;rpf; vl;bAs;sJ. mNjrkak;> Mjpf;f kJ Njrj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij Kl;Lf;fl;ilfis Nghl;Ls;s- JNjrj;jpd; Neub vjpupahfpa uRld; gfpuq;fkhf mzpjpuz;-
J ekJ Njrk; mile;Js;s ntw;- f;fpaj;Jtj;ij> mt;ntw;wpfspd; khd jhHg;gupaj;ij vjpupfSk; (njhlHr;rp 2Mk; gf;fk;) k; ek;kf;fs;!
hb &gh epjp> jw;NghJ mtru mtrukhf f; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. kf;fspd; Jd;gq;fs;
rgjk; nra;Js;sJ. a epjpahdJ> tljkpoPok; gbg;gbNa hy; Klf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mg;Nghnjy;yhk; ghJ ,tHfs; jkJ %l;il Kbr;Rf;fis fhz;bUe;j Neuk;.
k>; jkf;Fj; jhNk Nghl;Lf;nfhz;Lk; rpy khf ele;J> tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij jpBH mf;fiw nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;gij ntd;why;> rPnke;J njhopw;rhiyiaAk;> vkJ kf;fs; epuhfupj;j tuyhw;iwAk;> pir jpUg;g Kbahky; NghdijAk; kwe;J
wfspy; nraw;gl;L tUtij kf;fs; ed;F J> vg;gb gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ> cupa G+Htkhf kf;fs; ed;whf fw;Wj;NjHe;J sy;y> kf;fis gfilf;fha;fshf fUjp ;Fk;.
kf;fs; fl;rpapd; murpay; VL
;Nf midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk;
,jo; -18
jkpoPok; - Gul;lhjp 2000 k; Rje;jpu jkpoPok;
Mf;fpukpg;G Aj;jKk; ! NjHjy; jpzpg;Gk; !
jkpoPo
kf;fs; kPJ KOikahd Aj;jj;ij gpuNahfpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; rpq;fs muR NjHjYf;fhd KOj; jahhpg;igAk; epiwNtw;wptpl;lJ.
§ mj;jpahtrpa czTg;nghUs; jil
§ kUe;Jj; jil>
§ Nghf;Ftuj;Jjil> elkhlj; jil
§ Rje;jpu Clfq;fs; kPjhd jil
§ mj;jpahtrpa EfHnghUs; jil
§ tptrha tpij> cuk; kw;Wk; tptrha
rhjdq;fSf;fhd jil>
§ kl;LgLj;jg;gl;l jghy;
njhiynjhlHGfs;>
§ ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; kf;fspd;
nghJ];jhdq;fspy; gil Kfhk;fs;
§ gaq;futhjj; jilr;rl;lKk; mtrufhy
rl;lKk; mKy;
§ rptpy; epHthfk; KOtJk; gilapdupd;
iffspy;
§ ePjpkd;wq;fs; ,aq;Ftjpy;iy.
,t;thW ,e;j jpl;lkpl;l ,dnthopg;G eltbf;iffs; midj;Jk; Aj;jj;ijf; fhuzq;fhl;b vk;kPJ ,d;WtiuapYk; jpzpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. Mdhy; muNrh> tlfpof;fpy; kf;fs; Rje;jpukhd tho;f;if elhj;Jfpwhh;fs;> Njh;jypy; gq;Fgw;w Mh;tkhAs;shh;fs;> Ntl;ghsh;fs; jk;ik Rje;jpukhf Njh;jypy; epWj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;- shh;f s;... vd gy;NtW cz;i kf;F g;Gwk;ghd fijfisAk; ,j;NjHjiy elj;jp Kbg;g- jd; %yk; cyfpid ek;g itf;f Kad;WtUfpwJ.
kWGwk;> jd;id mz;bthOk; JNuhff; Fk;gy;fis jkpoPo gpuNjrq;fspy; Ntl;gh- sh;fshf epWj;Jtjd; %ykhf> ,e;j mur iff;$ypfis fs;s Nthl;Lf;fs; %yk; nty;yg; gz;zp jd;id kPz;Lk; gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ek;kPjhd ,dRj;jpfhpg;ig fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;Nghfpd;wJ.
ek;kPjhd mlf;FKiwf;fhd mq;fPfhuj;ij ek;kplkpUe;Nj gwpj;njLf;Fk; je;jpNuh- ghaNk ,j;Njh;jy;.
,j;jifa nfhiyfhuj; Njh;jy; ekf;Fj; Njitah? ekJ Njrj;jpw;F Vw;gl;l> Vw;gl;LtUk; ,og;Gfisnay;yhk; ,e;jj; Njh;jyhy; 

Page 2
jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;lkhdJ> ,d;W mile;jpUe;Jk; jPHf;fkhd tsHr;rpapd; fhuzkhf> gy;NtW Mjpf;f rf;jpfspd; eyd;fSf;fhd Nghl;bfspy; mfg;gl;L tpLk; mghak; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
“Gjpa cyf xOq;F” vDk; jdJ Mjp- f;f fl;likg;gpDs; cyfk; KOtijAk; jdJ Mjpf;fj;jpDs; nfhz;Ltu mnkup- f;f muR Kidg;ghf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,jpy; gpujhdkhf njd;dhrpahtpid > mjd; gue;j %ytsq;fs;> kdpj tsq;fis Kw;- wpYkhf jd;trg;gLj;Jk; ,yf;Fld; mjd; mz;ikf;fhy nraw;ghLfs; mike;Js;sd. ,jpy; jd;id Nky; epWj;jpf;- nfhs;s> ,e;jpa muRlDk; mjd; neUf;f- khd rfhthd u];a muRlDk;;> mt;thNw ghfp];jhd; muRlDk; mjd; neUq;fpa rfhthd rPd muRlDk; mtw;wpd; gpuhe;jpa Mjpf;f eyd;fis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> Nguk; Ngriy nra;jhf Ntz;ba fl;;lhak; cs;- sJ. ,e;j xt;nthU muRf;Fk; ,yq;ifj;- jPT kw;Wk; mjid Rw;wpAs;s gpuhe;jpak; vd;gtw;wpy; murpay; my;yJ nghUshjhu Nehf;fpy; jPtpu Mjpf;f Nehf;fk; njhlHe;J ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. MidapwT ntw;wpf;F gpd;G aho;Kw;Wif Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l NghJ> ,e;j muRfs; tpjptpyf;fpd;wp vkf;F vjp- uhfTk;> rpwpyq;fh muir Mjupj;J epiyg;- ghLfis Kd;i tj;J ,d;W tiu cWjpahf epw;gij ,q;F epidT $uyhk;.
,Jtiu fhy tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;f- spYk; Gul;rpfspYk; rHtNjr kw;Wk; gpuhe;- jpa Mjpf;f rf;jpfspd; jiyaPL ,y;yhj Nghuhl;lq;fs; ,y;iy vd;gij ehk; mwp- Nthk;. mz;ikf;fhyq;fspYk; $l ghy];- jPdk;> Iup];> ngh];dpah> nfhNrhth> fpof;- Fj; jpNkhH> fh];kPH vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; ,JNt epiyahFk;.
,e;j gpd;Gyj;jpy;> ekJ Nghuhl;lkhdJ> Fwpg;ghf njd;dhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ,e;- jpa murpw;Fk; ghfp];jhd; ,uhZt murpw;- Fk; ,ilapyhd Mjpf;f Kuz;ghl;bw;Fs; ,Oj;J tplg;gLk; #o;epiy mjpfkhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ghfp];- jhd; muirg;nghWj;jtiuap;y; md;W Kjy; ,d;W tiu gugug;ghf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> rpwp- yq;fh muirg; gytpjj;jpYk; Mjupj;Jk; gyg;gLj;jpAk; te;Js;sJ. ,e;jpa kj;jpa muRk; ,Nj Nehf;fj;Jld;> Mdhy; kpfTk; jpl;lkpl;L nfhs;if tFj;jy;fisr; nra;J rpwpyq;fh muirj; jd;gpbf;Fs; nfhz;L tUk;Kd;d pge;j idAld;fhyj;j pw;F fhyk; Vw;w ,wf;fq;fs; nfhz;l topKiwfis njhlHr;rpahf gpuNahfpj;J tUtJ ehk; mitUk; mwpe;jNj!
fle;j %d;W khjq;fSf;F Kd;dH> rpq;- fs gilfs; jd; NghHj;jpwdpoe;J tljkpoP- oj;ij tpl;L jg;gpNahlj;jahH gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ> ,e;jpa> ghfp];jhdpa muRfs; jj;jkJ gpuhe;jpa Mjpf;f ,yf;- Ffspy; ,Ue;J> Nghl;bNghl;Lf;nfhz;L rpwpyq;fh muirg; gyg;gLj;jpd. njhlHe;- Jk; ,jid nra;J tUfpd;wd. ,e;j gpuhe;- jpa Mjpf;f rf;jpfSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;- ghLfis rpwpyq;fh muRk; jd;gq;fpw;F ed;F gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ.
gpuhe;jpa Mjpf;f rf;jpfspd; eyd;fS
vkJ Nghuhl;lk
mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; ekJ t vd;djhd; nfhs;if khw;wq;fi muR nra;J nfhz;ljhf mwpt jdJ eydpy; ,Ue;J ekJ t Nghuhl;lj;ij gytPdg;gLj;Jk; ,yf;fpy; ,Ue;J mJ mt;tsT khwptplg;Nghtjpy;iy vd;gij tUfpd;wJ..
mNjNghd;W> jd; eyd;fis m fhfTk; jw;Nghija Fwpg;ghd jdpikg;gLj;jypypUe;J tpLgl;L aj;jpy; jd;Dila Kj;jpiuiag; Fk;> ,uhZt muR vd;w mHj;jj;j khwpAs;sjhf fhl;l jhDk; xU jPtpu ghj;jpuk; Mw;Wk; Nehf;Fld jhd; muR> jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Ng jpw;F vjpuhf rpwpyq;fh muir g tjpYk;  ,e;jpa murpd; f jpUg;GtjpYk; ghfp];jhd; muR n  vkJ Nghuh ,t;tsT fhy tpiyfisAk; mH fisAk; mHj;jKs;sjhf;Fk; vkJ vjpHfhyr; nraw;ghLfs; m cWjpg;gLj;JtJ  NghHfhy epi gpufldg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;Lk;> ekJ rl;l kw;Wk; kdpjTupikfs; mid jd; NghHntwpr; rg;ghj;Jfshy; nfhz;Lk; rpq;fs ghuhSkd;wk; m NjHjiy rpwpyq;fh muR elhj d;wJ. NjHjy; vd;gJ kf;fs; jkJ mgpyhirfis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw tha;g;ghFk;. ,jid vt;thW gad nfhs;tJ vd;gJ me;j fl;lj;j epiyikfisAk;> xU r%fk; ,j khf caHe;jgl;rk; vtw;iwg; n fpd;wJ vd;gijg; nghWj;jJkhF gl;l NjHjypy; gq;Fnfhs;tjhy yhJ> gq;Fnfhs;shJ epuhfup gfp];fupg;gjhYk; $l xU r% caHe;j gl;r ,yf;Ffis njspt
2

nry;y Mjpf;f rf;jpfspd; eyd;fSf;Fs;
gw;wpa xU Ntz;ba rpj;jpuj;ij ePz;l neLk;gazk; ehk; ngw;Wf; J Nghuhl;lk;!
nfhs;Nthk;. ,e;j rpf;fyhd neLk;ga- zj;jpy; ehk;  Njrpa ,iwikiaAk; kf;fhyj;jpy; ekJ tplaj;jpy;>
tpl;Lf;nfhlhky;> ekJ Njrj;jpd; rf;jp- ; nfhs;if khw;wq;fis ,e;jpa
aidj;ijAk; xd;W jpul;bAk; gyg;gLj;jpAk; ;J nfhz;ljhf mwptpj;jhYk;>
nraw;gl Ntz;batHfshf cs;Nshk;. dpy; ,Ue;J ekJ tpLjiyg;
,jw;fhf Njrj;jpd; cs;Sk; ntspNaAk; ;ij gytPdg;gLj;Jk; mbg;gil
ehk; gy flikfis Mw;wNtz;batHfshf ,Ue;J mJ mt;tsT ,yFtpy;
cs;Nshk;. ,J KOj;Njrj;jpdJk; cldbf; ghtjpy;iy vd;gij ep&gpj;J
flikahFk;. ..
,e;j ,yf;fpy; mtrpakhd> ek;gfkhd hd;W> jd; eyd;fis miltjw;-
mzpr;NrHf;iffis cs;Sk; ntspapYk;> w;Nghija Fwpg;ghd rHtNjr
,ufrpakhAk; gfpuq;fkhAk; ehk; Nkw;nfhs;- Lj;jypypUe;J tpLgl;L gpuhe;jp-
Nthk;. ekJ kf;fspd; tw;whj gyj;jpid ;Dila Kj;jpiuiag; gjpg;gjw;-
mbj;jskhff; nfhz;ljhf ,tw;iw t muR vd;w mHj;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J
mikj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. jhf fhl;l jhDk; xU murpay; puk; Mw;Wk; Nehf;Fld; ghfp];- > jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;- hf rpwpyq;fh muir gyg;gLj;J- LgLfpd;wJ. $lNt> njw;F ,e;jpa murpd; ftdj;ij k; ghfp];jhd; muR njhlHe;J ;F tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfk; cs;sJ.
Gwr;#oy; rhjfkhFk; NghJ ehk; tpiu- e;J Kd;NdWNthk;. ghjfkhFk; NghJ> ve;j- tpj jaf;fKk; ,d;wp gpd;thq;fp mfj;jah- upg;Gfis nra;J tUNthk;. gpujhdkhf> ,d;W> ekJ Gw Kuz;ghLfis vjpHnfhz;L jPHg;gJld; xg;gpLifapy; mf Kuz;gh- Lfis jPHg;gjw;F ekf;F Fiwe;jsT rf;jp NghJkhdjhf cs;sJ. mt;thW jPHf;fg;- ekJ tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F
gLk; NghJ> nghJ vjpupfis vjpHnfhs;Sk; ,uz;L gpuhe;jpa Mjpf;f muRf-
ekJ tYTk; gd;klq;F mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. pg;gilahfNt nraw;gLfpd;wd.
vjpupfspd; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fSk; jPHkhdf- ; mit ,uz;Lk; jkf;Fs; Kuz;-
ukhdjhf mikAk;. ,J cyftuyhw;wpy; pf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; mZthAj
ep&gpf;fg;gl;l Nghuhl;l tpjpfshFk;. Tk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;j Kuz;- fhjpgj;jpa rf;jpfis fyq;f- tplakhfTk; cs;sd. ,e;j py; ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;- fhjpgj;jpa rf;jpfSk; jiy- a;JtUtjd; jhHg;gupaj;ij ehk;
s;s KbAk;.
ez;gHfs; gyiu ,izj;J vjpupfs; rpyiu Njhw;fbj;jy; vd;w tplaj;jpy; ek;- ikr;Rw;wp Vuhsk; el;Grf;jpfs; cs;sd. mtw;iw nka;ahd fupridAld; mzpNrH- f;f ehk; Njrkhf xd;wpize;J Kay;Nthk;. ,jd; %yk; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; fbdk; ,yF gLj;jg;gLk;> njhiyT FWf;fg;gLk;. tplaq;fis fzpg;gpy; nfhz;L> jiyg; Nghuhl;lkhdJ> fle;J
- jUK
Xuzp jpuz;L...
(Kjyhk; Mk; gf;f njhlHr;rp...) ; Mjpf;f $l;LfSk; njsp-
Ak;. mjw;fhd gyg;gLj;jy;fis nra;a y;ypakhfTk; Gupe;Jnfhz;Ls;-
KbAk;. pupfs; Gupe;Jnfhz;Ls;sij tpl
,e;j tifapy;jhd; 1977 ,y; ekJ Njrk; spd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij rpwg;ghf
xU NjHjypy; gq;Fgw;wp jkpoPo Fbauir nfhz;L> vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jp;d;
mikj;jpLk; jd; tpUg;gj;ij ntd;W hy tpiyfisAk; mHg;gzpg;Gf;-
nfhz;lJ. ,jd; murpay; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mHj;jKs;sjhf;Fk; tifapy;
czHe;Nj 1983 ,y; rpwpyq;fh muR fhyr; nraw;ghLfs; miktij
,dmopg;ig elhj;jpaJ. vkJ rdr;nrwpit j;JtJ  NghHfhy epiyikia
rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;wp vkJ mbg;gil Lj;jpf;nfhz;Lk;> ekJ murpay;>
,yl;rpaj;ij jilnra;jJ. vk;kPJ “NghH ; kdpjTupikfs; midj;ijAk;
vd;why; NghH” vd;w rq;fhuj;Jld; Nghiuj; twpr; rg;ghj;Jfshy; kpjpj;Jf;
njhLj;jJ. nghUshjhuj; jil vd;Wk; kPd;- rpq;fs ghuhSkd;wk; mikf;Fk;
gpbf;fj; jil vd;Wk; tptrhag; nghUl;fs; rpwpyq;fh muR elhj;jg;Nghfp-
jil vd;Wk; kf;fs; Rje;jpukhf elkhlj; jy; vd;gJ kf;fs; jkJ murpay;
jil vd;Wk; gy jilfis tpjpj;jJ. jpwe;- is ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xU
jntsp rpiwr;rhiyfspy; kf;fis milj;- ;. ,jid vt;thW gad;gLj;jpf;-
Jk; khztHfisf; nfhd;Wk; ngz;fis vd;gJ me;j fl;lj;jpy; cs;s
ghypay; Jd;GWj;jy;fs; nra;Jk; vk;ik isAk;> xU r%fk; ,jd; fhuz-
rpijf;f> xLf;f epidj;jJ. ,it midj;- e;jgl;rk; vtw;iwg; ngwg;Ngh-
ijAk; ek;Njrk; jfHj;njwpe;J ,d;W ;gijg; nghWj;jJkhFk;. ,g;gbg;-
ntw;wpg; gbfis njhl;L epw;fpd;wJ. ypy; gq;Fnfhs;tjhy; kl;Lky;-
,e;epiyapy; ,d;DnkhU NjHjy; tiy ;Fnfhs;shJ epuhfupg;gjhYk;
ek;Kd; tpupf;fg;gl;L;s;sJ. ek;ik mjw;Fs; ;gjhYk; $l xU r%fk; jd; l;r ,yf;Ffis njspthf;f Kb-
rpf;f itg;gjw;F tPrg;gl;Ls;sJ. (njhlHr;rp 7Mk; vk;kPjhd gf;fk;)
jkpoPok; - Gul;lhjp 2000


Page 3
nrg;nlk;gH Kjy; thuj;jpy;> rpwpyq;fh gilfs; ahopy; njhlq;fpa jhf;Fjy; Kaw;rp tpLjiyg; Gypfshy; Kwpabf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ngW- fpd;w ntw;wpfis jkJ NjHjy; gpur;rhuq;fSf;F gad;gLj;Jjy;> tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; mLj;j jhf;Fj Yf;fhd ghupa jahupg;G fis rpijj;jy;> rpq;fs gilfspd; kdj;jplj;ij caHj;Jjy;> Gjpa NghHr; rhjdq;fis ek;kPJ guPl;rp- j;Jg;ghHj;jy; Nghd;w eg;ghirfspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;- sg;gl;l ,j;jhf;Fjy; Kaw;rp rpwpyq;fh muRf;F fzprkhd ,og;Gf;fSld; Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;Js;sJ.
ekJ NjrpatpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lkhdJ> ,d;iwa epiy- apy; ,Ue;J ,d;DnkhU tsHr;rpf;fl;lj;jpw;F nry;t- njd;gJ mjd; jtpHf;f Kbah tuyhw;W tpjpahFk;. ,t;thwhd Kd;Ndw;wq;fis jLj;J epWj;Jtjpy; rHtNjr kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa Mjpf;f rf;jpfs; midj;J Kaw;rpfisAk; Nkw;- nfhz;L tUfpd;wd. rpwpyq;fh murpd; ,iwikf;Fs; jPHT vd;W ,e;j Mjpf;f rf;jpfs; ekf;F Kd;dpge;jid Nghl;Ltpl;L vkf;F vjpuhf jplkhfNt nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
ekJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; mLj;- jLj;j Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; vd;gJ jLj;J epWj;jg;gl KbahjJ kl;Lky;y mjw;fhd mtrpak; nkd;NkYk; mjpfupj;;Js;sJ. ekJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; mLj;jfl;l Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gJ ,e;j Mjpf;f $l;bd; eyd;fSf;F Ngupb Nghd;wJ. rpwpyq;fh ,iw- ikf;Fs; jPHT vDk; mtHfspd; Mjpf;f eyd;fSf;F ekJ Njrj;jpd; ntw;wpfs; ngUk; rthyhFk;. ghupa ty;yuRfshf jk;ik jhgpj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s Mjpf;f muR- fSf;F nghJtpy; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fSk;> Fwpg;ghf ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lKk; vjpuhdjhFk;. vdNtjhd; ,e;j Gj;jhapu- khk; Mz;by; mtHfspd; Gjpa cyf xOq;fpy; xU Gj;jk; GJ ,sk; jkpoPof; Fbaurhd> xU Njrk; jdJ
3
mLj;J tUk; jpUg;gq;fS
ek; NjrpaflikfSk;
nrhe;jf; fhypy; epd;W nfhz;L> cUthf;Ftij jLg;gjw;F jk;khy; ,ad;- wjidj;ijAk; ,e;j Mjpf;f rf;jpfs; nra;J tUfpd;wd. ekJ Fbaurpw;F rHtNjr mq;fPfhuk; fpilahJ vdTk; mr;RWj;jpAs;sd.
vy;yhtpj jilfisAk; vjpHj;J ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuh- l;lk; njhlHtJk;> mLj;jLj;j Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; milag; ngWtJk; cWjp. MfNt Vfh- jpgj;jpa rf;jpfSk;> gpuhe;jpa Mjpf;f rf;jpfSk; ,k;Kd;- Ndw;wj;ij jLj;J epWj;j Neubahf Eioag;NghtJk; vjpHghHf;fg;gl Ntz;baNj! ,t;thjpf;f rf;jpfis vjpH- nfhs;tjw;F> mJTk; vkJ Njrj;jpd; epfo;r;rp epuypypUe;J vjpHnfhs;tjw;F Vw;g vkJ NjrtpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; Njitahd efHTfisAk; jahupg;Gf;fisAk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thW Nghjpa jahupg;Gf;- fSld; mLj;j fl;l gha;r;riy ekJ Njrk; mila Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ tuyhw;wpdhy; Vw;fdNt jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;l tpla khFk;. vk;kPjhd mtHfsJ “Mf;fpukpg;G ,iwik” vd;w JUg;Gr;rPl;L xU ehs; fpopf;fg;gl;L ekJ “Rje;jpu ,iwik” epiyehl;lg;gLk;. Mf;fpukpg;G gil Juj;- jpabf;fg;gl;L Rje;jpuf;nfhb
elg;gLk;. tuyhw;wpy; gy Njrq;- fs; Gjpjhf jkJ tuyhWfisg; gjpj;J rhjidfs; Gupe;Js;sd. ,t;thwhd rhjid gilg;gJ ekJ Njrj;jpd; fuq;fspy; cs;sJ. NjrpatpLjiyf;fhfg; NghuhLk; rf;jpfspd; fuq;fspy;> gue;J gl;l kf;fspd; fuq;fspy; cs;sJ.
ekf;F ,Uf;Fk; FWfpa mt- fhrj;jpy;  Njrpa rf;jpfSk; xuzpapy; epw;f Ntz;Lk;. ehk; xt;nthUtUk; vkJ Njrpaf; flikfis Mw;w Ntz;Lk;.
• ,q cUthf;F ge;jida iyg; Nghu rf;jpfspd flikah epiwNtw tpLjiy cs;sJ. spd; Mjpf $l;lhf;f Njrj;jpd rf;jpfsJ iyf;fhd spYk; ,wf dkhFk;. m tjw;fhd tplg;gLtJ tsHj;J t kpfTk;
• gue jkJ Njr ntspg;gL Nghuhl;lj jk;ik m #oy; cU mNjrka Kiwfsh gy;NtW t rf;jpfS Nfhupf;i Njrpaf;Nf yj;jpy; m mikg;ghf dNt mi jk;ik Gl gila
• njhl ekJ tpLj
tsHr;rpf nfhs;Sk rupahf cz;ikf Mf;fpukp ekJ kf nry;tjpY mikg;ghF Fwpg;ghd Ntz;Lk;. tplg;gl;Ls cyfpd; f ehSk; nf
• Ngh fs; gy gi fpuhkk; fpu gpujpfs; m ila Ntz Kiwfis

pUg;gq;fSk;
ikfSk;
epd;W f;Ftij ; ,ad;- Mjpf;f fpd;wd. rHtNjr J vdTk;
fisAk; yg; Nghuh- Lj;jLj;j milag; Nt Vfh- gpuhe;jpa ; ,k;Kd;- epWj;j ;NghtJk; z;baNj! s vjpH- k; vkJ ypypUe;J w;g vkJ huhl;lk; fisAk; nfhs;s
ahupg;Gf;- ha;r;riy Ntz;Lk; Vw;fdNt ;l tpla tHfsJ k” vd;w ehs; “Rje;jpu ;lg;gLk;. Juj;- puf;nfhb
y Njrq;- hWfisg; pe;Js;sd. gilg;gJ uq;fspy; yf;fhfg; uq;fspy;> uq;fspy;
fpa mt- idtUk; uzp jpus jiyapy; idj;J ;> Njrpa py; epw;f hUtUk; is Mw;w
• ,q;F ,jw;fhd #oiy cUthf;FtJ gpujhd Kd;dp- ge;jidahFk;. Njrpa tpLj- iyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; midj;Jr; rf;jpfspd; ,d;iwa gpujhd flikahFk;. ,f;flik epiwNtw;wg;gLtJ ngupJk; tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; jug;gpy; cs;sJ. gyk;tha;e;j vjpupf spd; Mjpf;f $l;lhdJ fhfpjf; $l;lhf;fg;gLtjw;F ekJ Njrj;jpd; midj;J Njrgf;j rf;jpfsJk; jpul;lg;gl;L tpLj iyf;fhd midj;Jf; jsq;f spYk; ,wf;fg;gLtJ kpf gpujh dkhFk;. mt;tifapy; nraw;gL tjw;fhd #oy;fs; jpwe;J tplg;gLtJld; cw;rhfg; gLj;jp tsHj;J tplg;gl Ntz; Lk;. ,J kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjJ.
• gue;Jgl;l ekJ kf;fs; jkJ Njrpa mgpyhirfis ntspg;gLj;jTk; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ijg; ghJfhf;fTk; jk;ik mikg;ghf;Ftjw;fhd #oy; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNjrkak; Njrpa mlf;F- Kiwfshy; rpijf;fg;gl;L tUk; gy;NtW tHf;fq;fSk; r%f rf;jpfSk; jkJ nrhe;jf; Nfhupf;iffSld; gpujhd Njrpaf;Nfhupiffspd; gpd;G- yj;jpy; mikg;ghf Ntz;Lk; mikg;ghf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Vw;f- dNt mikg;ghf cs;sit jk;ik Glk;Nghl;L Gj;JapHg;- gila Ntz;Lk;.
• njhlHG+lftpayhsHfs; ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
tsHr;rpfisAk; mJ vjpH- nfhs;Sk; Mgj;Jf;fisAk; rupahf fzpg;gpl;L ,e;j cz;ikfis> jzpf;if Mf;fpukpg;gpid ClWj;jJ ekJ kf;fSf;F nfhz;L nry;tjpYk; kf;fis mikg;ghFkhW NfhUtjpYk; Fwpg;ghd ftdj;ij nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. vk;kPJ fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;gl;Ls;s nfhLikfis cyfpd; ftdj;jpw;F xt;nthU ehSk; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk;.
• NghHf;fhy ,yf;fpaq; fs; gy gilf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fpuhkk; fpukkhf ifnaOj;Jg;- gpujpfs; mstpw;F mit tpupt- ila Ntz;Lk;. gyte;j rl;;l KiwfisAk; nfLgpbfisAk;
ClWj;Jf;nfhz;L gue;Jgl;l ekJ kf;fis vOr;rpA+l;lTk;> mtHfis Nghuhl;lf;fsj;jpy; gy;NtW tbtq;fSld; te;J Ftpf;fTk; ce;jpj;js;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F ekJ vOj;Jf;fSk; ftpijfSk; gq;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• Njrpa rf;jpfs; kw;Wk; tpLjiyapy; Cd;wp epw;Fk; mikg;Gfs; FOf;fs; jkf;fp- ilapy; epyTk; Nfhl;ghl;L NtW- ghLfspy; kapHgpsf;Fk; thj- q;fis elhj;jpf; nfhz;b- Uf;fhJ> cldbahd nghJ Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis Kd;- itj;J jkJ murpay; flik- fis Kidg;ghf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• Mjpf;f rf;jpfshy; kpjpf;fg;gl;L tUk; rf Njrq;fSld; cwTfis ehk; gyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhd #oiy Kjypy; cUthf;FNthk;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; tpLjiyg;Gypf- spd; flikfis kWgbAk; kWgbAk; typAWj;JtJld;> jkJ gf;f flikfis Njrpa rf;jpfSk;> ekJ Njrj;jpYs;s gy;NtW epWtdq;fSk; mikg;- GfSk; Nkw;nfhs;Nthk;. epyTk; jg;ngz;zq;fs; re;Njfq;fis fisa Njrkhf ,ize;J ,f;flikia Nkw;nfhs;Nthk;.
• jkpof kf;fs; ekf;F Mjuthf ,d;Dk; gykhf epw;gjw;fhd jpl;lkpl;l jahupg;Gfis Nkw;nfhs;Nthk;. ,jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jw;Nghija #oypy; msg;ngupa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhz;lnjd; gij czHe;J ,jpy; ftdk; F t p g ; N g h k ; .
• rHtNjr Kw;- Nghf;F [dehaf Gul;rpfu rf;jpfis ekJ Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F Mjuthf epw;f nra;a Fwpg;ghd nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Nthk;. Njhw;Nwhlj; jahuhFk; rpq;fs gilfs; ekJ kf;fs; kPJ Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nfhiyntwp eltbf;iffis cyf kdrhl;rpapd; Kd; nfhzHNthk;. ekJ Njrj;jpd; tpLjiyia> mjd; ntw;wpia mq;fPfupf;FkhW NfhUNthk;. ekJ gykhd xUkpj;j Fuyhy; ,jid epr;rak; rhjpf;f KbAk;.
•
Nghupd; cf;fpuk; fhuzkhf jkJ ,Ug;Gfs; rpijf;fg;gl;L my;yYWk; ek; kf;fis> ,lk;ngaUk; kf;fis xOq;fikg;gjpYk;> czTk;; kUe;JfSk; kWf;fg;gl;Ls;s
jkpoPok; - Gul;lhjp 2000
(njhlHr;rp 7Mk; gf;fk;)


Page 4
m
z;ikf;fhykhf> jkpo;> (K];ypk;) MrphpaHfspd; Nghuhl;- lq;fs; mjpfhpj;Jk; jPtpukile;Jk; cs;sd. ,lHfhy nfhL;g;gdT> gj- tpAaHT> epue;ju epakdk;.. Nghd;w tplaq;fs; njhlHghf> epue;ju MrphpaHfs;> gapYdH MrphpaHfs;> kw;Wk; njhz;lH MrphpaHfs; Mfp- NahH njhlHr;rpahd Nghuhl;lq;is elhj;jp tUfpd;whHfs;. jkJ cup- ikfSf;fhf MrphpaHfs; Kd;nd- Lj;J tUfpd;w ,j;jifa Nghuhl;l- q;fs; r%f kw;Wk; murpay; uPjpay; mf;fiwf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;b- ait.
xU r%fj;jpd; nfsutj;jpw;F- upa gpuptpduhf MrpupaHfs; tpsq;- Ffpd;whHfs;. jkJ r%fj;jpd; vjpH- fhy mwpthw;wy; kpf;f re;jjpfis cUthf;FtjpYk; mr;re;jjpfspd; mwpT nraw;ghl;il xOq;fikg;gjpYk; MrpupaHfspd; ghj;jpuk; Kf;fpaj;Jtkpf;fJ. jkJ r%fk; fbdkhd fhyfl;lj;ij fle;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapYk; jhk; vjpHnfhs;fpd;w mghaq;fs;> Rikfs;> mOj;jq;fs; vd;gtw;iw jhq;fp> jkJ flikia epiwNtw;- Wfpd;w ghupa r%f nghWg;ig Mrp- upaHfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. vj;jifa #oypYk; jkJ r%fj;- Jld; Neubahf fye;J> gpize;jt- HfshfTk; mjd; ,af;fj;Jld; ,ize;J nry;gtHfshfTk; MrpupaHfs; jpfo;fpd;whHfs;. vdpDk; ehshe;j tho;tpy; mjpf rpf;fy;fisAk; rpukq;- fisAk; vjpHnfhs;fpd;w mur CopaHfshf MrpupaHfNs ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. eilKiw- apYs;s epHthf Kiwapy;> Mrpupa- Hfs; kl;LNk> jkf;nfd epH- thf Kiwikia> epHthf epW- tdj;ij nfhz;buhj mur CopaHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. Vida rfy mur CopaHfSk; jhk; flik Gupfpd;w epWtdj;jpw; $lh- fNt> jkJ njhopy;rhH Njitfis G+Hj;jp nra;a $ba tha;g;ig ngw;- wpUf;fpd;w epiyapy;> MrpupaHfs; kl;LNk> jkJ njhopy;rhH Njitfs; midj;Jf;Fk; jk;Kld; ve;j njhlHGk; mw;w> jkJ Neub gq;F- gw;wy; ,y;yhj fy;tp mYtyfj;jpy; jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;ba mtyepiy- f;F Mshf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. rl;luPjpapy; jkf;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;- batw;Wf;fhf> khjf;fzf;fpy; fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;ba Jau epiyia MrpupaHfs; mDgtpj;J tUfpd;whHfs;.
MrphpaHfSf;F toq;fg;g- Lfpd;w rk;gsk; xg;gPl;lstpy; kpff;FiwthdJ. Mkhk;! rpwpyq;fh
4
muRj;jiytUk; Vida fy;tp mjpfhupfSk; td;kj;Jld; gpur;rh- ug;gLj;jp tUtJ Nghd;W> MrphpaH- fSf;F mjpf rk;gsk; toq;fg;gl- tpy;iy. xU rpwpa vz;zpf;ifah- NdhH jtpu> kpf ngUk;ghyhd MrpupaHfspd; rk;gskhdJ> mtHf- spd tho;f;if nryTld; xg;gpLif- apy; kpFe;j gw;whf;Fiwia nfhz;- ljhf mike;Js;sJ. Fiwe;j rk;gsj;jpy; ,izj;J nfhs;sg;gl;- Ls;s gapYdH MrpupaHfs;> xg;ge;j
mbg;gilapy; Nrit Ghpfpd;w Mrpup- aHfs;> nfhLg;gdTfs; vJTkw;w njhz;lH MrphpaHfs; Nghd;Nwhhpd; epiy ,d;dKk; Nkhrkhd epiyia mile;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
mbf;fb khw;wg;gLfpd;w> ekJ
jkpoPo kf;fs; Fbaurpd; mbg;gil
MrpupaHfs
#oYf;F vt;tpjj;jpYk; nghUj;j- kw;w fy;tp jpl;lq;fsp;d; %ykhf> Kjypy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wtHfs; MrpupaHfs;jhd;. Vw;fdNt jhk; ngw;Ws;s fy;tp mwpT> njhopy;rhH jifik Nghd;wtw;Wld; vt;tpjj;- jpYk; nghUe;jhj ,j;jifa fy;tpj;jpl;lq;fis gpd;gw;w Kbahj rpf;fy;fSf;Fs; MrphpaHfs; cl;g Lfpd;w hHfs;. Gjpjhf mwpK- fg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w fy;tp jpl;lq;fs;> fw;gpj;jy; eltbf;iffSld;> gjpTnra;jy; vd;w Gjpa mk;rj;- ijAk; nfhz;bUg;gjhy;> Mrpup- aHfs; ,ul;il Rikf;F Mshfpd;- whHfs;. Nkw;F ehLfspy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w fzdpAld; $ba fy;tp jpl;lj;ij ,q;F gpd;gw;w epidg;gtHfs;> fzdpfis tpl;L tpl;L> me;j jpl;lj;ij kl;Lk; ,q;Nf eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F> Kl;lhs;- jdkhd MNt\j;Jld; Kaw;rpf;- fpd;whHfs;. ,jdhy; ,q;Fs;s Mrp- upaHfs; xNuNeuj;jpy;> fw;gpg;g- tHfshfTk; vOJtpidQHf- shfTk; ,ul;il gzpia nra;a Ntz;ba epiyf;F Mshf;fg;gl;-
Ls;shHfs;.
kpfg; jopo;nkho MrpupaH gw fg;glhj gpur ePbf;fpd;wJ fis gq;fp fis nfhz ,q;F eilK wpd; tpist KOtJk; f
ba mtrpaj gjpT nra;j f;fhf> Nti nrhe;j tho;f;ifi ba epHge;jj
shHfs;. ,jd sp;d; jdpg;g Fog;gKk; rpf epiwe;jjhf
rpq;fs m Kiwfs;> j spd; Nky; $ ahf mOe; epjp xJf;fPL toq;fhik Tfis epWj gapYdH Mr fhik> Mrp ghik . . . vd fis ,yf muR Nkw;nf bf;iffs fLikahf Aj;j # fSk; jkpo;> Mokhf g Vida mu ghYk; efi nrd;wila epiyapy;> gh kq;fs; ti ghlrhiyf

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aj;jpw;FhpajhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. > MrphpaH- oq;fg;gl-
jopo;nkhop%y ghlrhiyfspy;> MrpupaH gw;whf;Fiw vd;gJ jPh;f;-
,q;F fw;gpf;fpd;w MrphpaHfs; Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;fhf fzprkhd Neu-
k;ghyhd pf;ifah-
fg;glhj ePbf;fpd;wJ. gpur;rpidahf MrpupaHfspd; njhlHe;Jk; Ntiy-
j;ij gNjhL> nrytopf;f jhf;Fjy; rk;gtq;fSf;- Ntz;bapUg;-
J> mtHf- ; xg;gpLif-
fis gq;fplf; $ba cjtpahsH- fis nfhz;bUf;fpd;w Kiwik
fpilapy; mfg;gl $batHfshfTk; cs;shHfs;. fLikahdJk;> mtkh- ia nfhz;- . Fiwe;j
,q;F eilKiwapy; ,y;iy. ,tw;- wpd; tpisthf> jkJ NtiyNeuk;
dg;gLj;Jfpd;wJkhd Nrhjid KiwfisAila gyNrhjid fhs;sg;gl;- s;> xg;ge;j
KOtJk; fw;gpj;jypy;  K];ypk; MrpupaHfspd; epiy mike;Js;sJ.
nfhba Aj;j #oYf;Fs;Sk; Fiwe;j rk;gsj;jpy; gapYdH MrphpaHfshfTk; rk;gskw;w njhz;lH MrphpaHfshfTk; flik Ghpd;w jkpo;> (K];ypk;) MrphpaHfs; r%f uPjpapy; Nghw;WjYf;Fhp- atHfs;> ngUikf;FhpatHfs;. gytUlq;f shf> vJtpj nfhLg;g- dTfSkpd;wp> njhz;lH MrpupaHf- shf gzpGupe;J tUfpd;wtHfis epue;jukhf;Ftjpy;> rpwpyq;fh muR pd;w Mrpup- ; vJTkw;w
ba mtrpaj;jpYs;s MrpupaHfs;>
fhl;b tUfpd;w cjhrPdg; Nghf;F> gjpT nra;jy; vd;w jdpahd nraY-
mjd; ,dthj nrh&gj;jpd; ghd;Nwhhpd; d epiyia
f;fhf> NtiyNeuk; jtpHe;j jkJ nrhe;j Neuj;ij> nrhe;j
,d;ndhU tbtkhf mike;jp- Uf;fpd;wJ. Aj;j #oYf;Fs; flik tho;f;ifia nrytopf;f Ntz;-
Gupfpd;wtHfs; vd;wtifapy;> pd;w> ekJ
ba epHge;jj;jpw;Fs;shf;fg;gl;Ls;-
njhz;lH MrphpaHfs>; gapYdH kw;Wk; epue;ju MrphpaHfs; baurpd; mbg;gil gpuptpdHfs;: 1 rpupaHfs;
njhlHghf filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba mZFKiwfs; Kw;wpYk; Ntwhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. njhz;lH Mrpup- aHfisAk; gapYdH Mrp- upaHfisAk; epue;jukhf;F- ; nghUj;j-
shHfs;. ,jd; tpisthf> MrphpaHf-
tjpYk; MrpupaHfSf;fhd ; %ykhf>
sp;d; jdpg;gl;l tho;f;ifahdJ>
nfhLg;gdTfs; rYiffs; kw;Wk; pd;wtHfs;
Fog;gKk; rpf;fYk; kd cisr;rYk;
trjpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw dNt jhk;
epiwe;jjhf khwpapUf;fpd;wJ.
toq;FtjpYk; tpN\l tpjpfs; jhopy;rhH
gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; rpq;- ; vt;tpjj;-
fs murpd; ,dthj nfhs;iffNsh j;jifa
,jw;F Kw;wpYk; khwhf> ,e;j Mrpup- w;w Kbahj
aHfspd; tho;itAk; Md;khitAk; rphpaHfs;
rPuopf;Fk; tifapy; mike;Js;sd. hf mwpK- p jpl;lq;fs;> ffSld;> pa mk;rj;- hy;> Mrpup- Mshfpd;- ehLfspy; zdpAld; q;F gpd;gw;w is tpl;L l;Lk; ,q;Nf ;F> Kl;lhs;- ; Kaw;rpf;- ;Fs;s Mrp- ;> fw;gpg;g- pidQHf- ia nra;a shf;fg;gl;-
Nkyjpfhupfspd; nraw;ghLf- Sk; MrpupaHfis ghjpf;fpd;w ,d;DnkhU fhuzpahf mike;jp- Uf;fpd;wJ. fy;tp mjpfhupfshfTk; fy;tp MNyhrfHfshfTk; tpsq;- Ffpd;w ,e;j Nkyjpfhupfs;> Mrpup- aHfs; vjpHnfhs;fpd;w gpur;rp- idfis mf;fiwAlDk; mDjh- gj;JlDk; mZFtjpy;iy. Mrpup- aHfis Cf;fg;gLj;jp> fw;gpj;jy; eltbf;ifspy; mtHfs; vjpH- nfhs;fpd;w gpur;rpidfis jPHj;J itg;gjw;F gjpyhf> mtHfspy; Fw;wq;fis fz;Lgpbg;gjpNyNa ngUk;ghyhd Nkyjpfhhpfspd; mf;fiwfs; Ftpe;Js;sd. fw;- gpj;jy; Rik> rpwpyq;fh murpd; ,d- rpq;fs murpd; ,dthj mZF- Kiwfs;> jkpo;> K];ypk; MrphpaHf- spd; Nky; $Hikahd mlf;FKiw- ahf mOe;j gbfpd;wd. Fiwe;j epjp xJf;fPL> chpaNeuj;jpy; rk;gsk; toq;fhik> ,lHfhy nfhLg;gd- Tfis epWj;Jjy;> njhz;lH kw;Wk; gapYdH MrphpaHfis epue;jukhf;- fhik> Mrphpa ntw;wplq;fis epug;- ghik . . . vd jkpo;> K];ypk; MrphpaH- fis ,yf;fhf nfhz;L rpq;fs muR Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w ,dthj elt- bf;iffs; ,e;j MrphpaHfis fLikahf ghjpj;J tUfpd;wd.
Aj;j #oypd; nfhLk; tpisT- fSk; jkpo;> K];ypk; MrpupaHfis Mokhf ghjpj;J tUfpd;wd. Vida mur epWtdq;fs; ngUk;- ghYk; efiu mz;bAk; ,yFtpy; nrd;wila $bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;w epiyapy;> ghlrhiyfNsh Ff;fpuh- kq;fs; tiu tpahgpj;Js;sd. ,g;- ghlrhiyfis nrd;wiltjw;fhd
(njhlHr;rp 7Mk; gf;fk;)
jkpoPok; - Gul;lhjp 2000


Page 5
“,isa tajpy; cyif ntWj;jh
epwq;fis cjph;j;jd> tz;zj;J- g; G+r;rpfs;? ”
ek; Njrj;Jf; ftpQndhUtd; vd;Nwh vOjpitj;j mh;j;jk; epiwe;j thpfs;. ,d;Wk; caph;j;Jbg;Gld; ekJ Njrj;jpd; tho;tpy; epj;jk; epj;jk; Gj;Japh;f;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. Mk;> ,isa tajpy; epwq;fis cjph;f;Fk; tz;zj;Jg; G+r;rpfhsha; ekJ Nghuh- spfs;> vOjg;glhj ftpijfSf;Fk; gbkk; jUgth;fsha;> ekJ Njrj;jpd; tho;it mh;j;jKs;sjhf;fp tUfp- d;wdh;.
tho;f;ifia ntWg;gth;fshy; vg;gb tho;f;iff;fhf kuzpf;f KbAk;...? ,j;jid cah;thd jpahfq;fis vt;thW Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;...? vq;Fk; ahh;f;Fk; jiy tzq;fhj Rje;jpukhd tho;tpd; cd;djj;ij czh;Tfshy; ];ghprpg;gth;fshy;jhd; tho;Tf;fhf kuzpf;f KbfpwJ. khngUk; jpah- fq;fis nra;a KbfpwJ. Kd;$l;bNa epr;rapf;fg;gl;l jkJ kuz ehSf;fhf jk;ik jahh;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tho;e;jpl KbfpwJ. Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy; jkJ nfhs;iff;fhf> Rje;jpu fdtpw;fhf> vjph;fhy ajhh;j;jj;jpw;fhf jk;ikNa mopj;Jf; nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; ntw;wp Nehf;fp fhyb itf;Fk; xt;nthU ,uhZt - murpay; Kd;ndLg;Gfspd; NghJk; jk;ik gpuf;iQG+h;tkhf mh;g;- gzpj;Jf; nfhs;tjD}lhf Nghuhl;- lj;ij Kd;Ndhf;fpj; js;Stjpy; gq;Nfw;Fk; jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhspfs; ,j;jifath;fNs.
kdj;jplk;> jhd; Nkw;nfhs;sg; NghFk; fhhpaj;jpd; ghyhd njspthd rpe;jid> mh;g;gzpg;Gzh;T> Jzpfuk;> nfhs;ifg; gw;W> midj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf jdJ kf;fs;ghy; nfhz;Ls;s vy;iy- aw;w ghpT Mfpa czh;TfisAila xUtuhy;jhd; jw;nfhiyg; Nghuh- spf;Fhpa ghj;jpuj;ij Mw;w KbfpwJ. mt;tifapy; ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;- lj;jpd; cah;e;j Nghh;f;Fzhk;rj;jpd; FwpaPlhf jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhspfs; jpfo;fpd;wdh;. ,sa tajpy; jkJ cyf Mh;tq;fis vy;yhk; xJf;fptpl;L Njrj;jpd; eyidNa Fwpahff; nfhz;L jkJ ngWkjpkpf;f capiu mh;g;gzpj;- jpLk;jw;n fhiyg;Nghuhspfs;ekJ Njrj;jpd; cah;e;j nfsutj;jpw;F chpath;fshthh;fs;.  ,t;Tzh;it cyFf;F czh;j;jpLk; epjh;rdkhf ghy];jPd> nrr;dpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; jpfo;fpd;wd. Mrpahtpd; ,jakhd ghy- ];jPd tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lNk jw;nfh-
5
jw;nfhiy Nghuhl;lj;jpd; murpa
iyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ekf;F Kd;Ndhb.
mnkhpf;f Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf tpal;ehkpa kf;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l khngUk; NjrtpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; vjphpia Njhw;fbg;gjw;F gy;NtW Nghuhl;l cj;jpfSk; ifahsg;gl;ld. ,jpy; tpal;- ehkpa ngsj;j Jwtpfs; cyifNa mjph;r;rpf;Fs;shf;Fk; ghj;jpukhw;wpdh;. jk;ikj;jhNk jPapl;Lf; nfhSj;jp jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;ljd; Clhf Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpw; nfjpuhd jkJ vjph;g;ig ntspg;gLj;jpdh;.
mlf;FKiwfis vjph;f;Fk; kf;fs; gy;NtW topfspYk; jkJ vjph;g;ig ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. mjpnyhU tbtNk jw;nfhiy.
tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jk;ik ,izj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ngz;f- Sk; Mz;fSk; Nghh;f;fsj;jpw;F nry;Yk; NghJ jhk; mq;ftP- dkhfNth my;yJ tho;eh- nsy;yhk; KlkhapUf;fNth my;yJ kuzj;ij jOtNth Neuyhk; vd;gij mwpe;Nj Nghh;;f;fsk; nry;tij jkJ Ra njhpthff; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,JTk; xUtif jw;nfhiy jhNd. murpay; fpsh;r;rpah- sh;fs;> Gul;rpfu gj;jphpifah- sh;fs; $l jhk; gLnfhiyf;Fs;- shNthk; vd;gij mwpe;Nj cs;sdh;. mikjpahf Mh;g;ghl;- lk; ehlhj;Jk; kf;fs; kPj ,uhZtk; Jg;ghf;fpg; gpuNahfk; nra;Ak; rk;gtq;fs; VyNt ele;j pUe;J k;kPz ;L k;kPz ;L k; Mh;g;ghl;lq;fspy;  vjph;g;G- zh;tpy; kuzj;jpw;F rthy;tpLk; jw;nfhiy czh;T ,y;iyah?
rPjdf; nfhLikahy; vj;jid ngz;fs; jw;nfhiy nra;Jnfhz;- Ls;sdh;? fld;gl;L rPjdk; nfhLj;- jjhy; eype;J Nghd ngz;zpd; jha;> je;ij> rNfhjuq;fs; vd FLk;gq;fshf jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;l rk;gt- q;fis ekJ r%fj;jpy; vjph;nfhz;b- Uf;fpNwhk;. gl;bdpahy; jw;nfhiy nra;Jnfhz;lth;fs;... jkJ gps;is- fs; grpahy; Jbg;gij ghh;f;f rfpf;fhJ jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;l ngw;whh;... ,it ekJ Njrj;jpy; khj;jpuky;y rpq;fs Njrj;jpYk; epyTk; nghJj; Jauq;fshFk;.
tptrha cw;gj;jp nghUSf;fhd tpiythrp tPo;r;rp fhuzkhf rpq;fs Njrj;J tptrhapfspd; jw;nfhiy tPjhrhuk; ,d;W tpthrpapfs; gpur;- ridahf milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,k;kf;fs; midtUk;> r%fj;jpd; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; - mjpfhuj;ij jq;fs; iffspy; itj;jpUf;Fk; jug;ghy;
jk;kPJ ,io jkJ vjph;g Jf;nfhs;tj sdh;. ,g;gba ,th;fsJ kl;Lg;gLj;jg nfhiyfs; mjpfhukpd aiy ahUk ,tw;i murpaypd; n jhf;Fjy; Ng
vjphpf;F mopj;Jf; n njhptpf;Fk; t mopit Vw;g nfhs;Sk; t tpLjiy Nf
ypUe;J nts mt;tifa dJk; mur fyg;ghf lj;ij ehk
vdpDk ahtpYKs;s “ngz;zpah vd jk;ik m Sk; rpy Gj;j Nghuhl;lj;j Nghuhspj;j vjph;kiwah gLj;jp tUf jw;nfh vjph;thjj rl;lj;jpypU kdpjh;fs; r% kdpj caph jhFk;. jdpk ilapyhd , ,izit j l;lj;jpd; mb Kjyhspj;J

;nfhiy Nghuhl;lj;jpd; murpay;
Kd;Ndhb.
;jpaj;jpd; pal;ehkpa ;l khngUk; py; vjphpia Nghuhl;l . ,jpy; tpal;- cyifNa pukhw;wpdh;. nfhSj;jp jd; Clhf puhd jkJ
;f;Fk; kf;fs; vjph;g;ig mjpnyhU
;jpy; jk;ik
;f- pw;F ;ftP- ;eh- Nth Nth ;Nj Ra dh;. iy pah- ah- ;Fs;- ;Nj ;ghl;- ; kPj hfk; Nt ;L k; puhA- jph;- h;g;G- pLk; ah?
; vj;jid a;Jnfhz;- k; nfhLj;- ;zpd; jha;> k;gq;fshf ;l rk;gt- ph;nfhz;b- w;nfhiy J gps;is- ;f rfpf;fhJ ;l ngw;whh;... hj;jpuky;y k; nghJj;
USf;fhd hf rpq;fs w;nfhiy pfs; gpur;- g;gLfpwJ. ; r%fj;jpd; pfhuj;ij ;Fk; jug;ghy;
jk;kPJ ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpfSf;fhd jkJ vjph;g;ig jk;ikj; jhNk mopj;- Jf;nfhs;tjd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;- sdh;. ,g;gbahf> r%f mePjpf;nfjpuhd ,th;fsJ vjph;g;G jw;nfhiyAld; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk;> ,e;j r%fj; jw;- nfhiyfs; midj;jpYk; mlq;fpAs;s mjpfhukpd;ik> tWik Mfpa murp- aiy ahUk;; epuhfhpj;jpl KbAkh?
,tw;iwg; Nghd;wNj vjph;g;G murpaypd; ntspg;ghlhd jw;nfhiyj; jhf;Fjy; Nghuhl;lKk;.
vjphpf;F ghjpg;gpy;yhJ jd;id mopj;Jf; nfhz;L jdJ vjph;g;ig njhptpf;Fk; topKiwahapDk;> vjphpf;F mopit Vw;gLj;jpl jd;id mopj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; topKiwahapDk; ,uz;LNk tpLjiy Nfhhp NghhpLk; kf;fs; kj;jpap-
ypUe;J ntspg;gLk; vjph;g;Gzh;thFk;. mt;tifapy;> jdpeguJk; r%fj;jp- dJk; murpay; czh;tpd; xd;W fyg;ghf jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhl;- lj;ij ehk; fhz KbAk;.
vdpDk; rpwpyq;fhtpYk; ,e;jp- ahtpYKs;s “r%ftpayhsh;fs;”, “ngz;zpah;fs;”, “[dehafthjpfs;” vd jk;ik milahsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;- Sk; rpy Gj;jp[Ptpfs; ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; epyTk; jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhspj;jhf;F jy;Fwpj;J kpfTk; vjph;kiwahd fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;- gLj;jp tUfpd;wdh;.
jw;nfhiy jhf;Fjy; gw;wpa jkJ vjph;thjj;ij ,th;fs; G+h;\;th rl;lj;j pypUe;Nj njhlq;F fpd;wdh;. kdpjh;fs; r%f [Ptpfs; vDk; tifapy; kdpj caph; r%fj;jpw;F chpj;jhd- jhFk;. jdpkdpjUf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fkp- ilapyhd ,e;j cah;e;j jsj;jpyhd ,izit jdJ clikthj fz;Nzh- l;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; FWf;fptpl;Ls;s Kjyhspj;Jt mikg;G> r%fj;jpw;F
nrhe;jkhd capiu kha;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ Fw;wk; vDk; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp mjw;F jz;lidfisAk; cUthf;fp itj;Js;sJ. Mdhy; jw;nfhiyfSf;F gpd;dhy; cs;s r%ff; fhuzq;fis mJ kiwj;J tpLfpwJ.
,e;j Gj;jp[PtpfNsh ,e;j Kjyh- spj;Jt rl;lKiwikia ve;jtpj kPsha;Tf;Fk; cl;gLj;jhJ mij mg;g- bNa cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;L> jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhspj; jhf;Fjiy Kjyhspj;Jt rl;lj;Jld; njhlh;GgLj;jp> jw;nfhiy vd;gJ rl;lhPjpahd Fw;wk; vd epWt Kay;fpd;wdh;. ,jD}lhf jw;nfhiyg; NghuhspfisAk;> xl;Lnkhj;j Nghuhl;- lj;ijAk; Fw;wthspfshf;FtNj ,th;fsJ Nehf;fkhFk;.
mbg;gilapy; jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhl;- lk; gw;wpd jaf;fkhd ghh;itapyp- Ue;Jjhd; ,j;jifa vjph;f;fUj;jhf;- fq;fs; Muk;gpf;fpd;wd.
Mdhy; ,d;W ,j;jifa rl;lj;ij cUthf;fpa Nkw;fj;- ija r%fNk> jw;nfhiy gw;wpa jdJ ,Wf;fkhd rpe;jidg; Nghf;fpy; nefpo;r;rpiaf; nfhz;L tUfpwJ. Neha; cghij jhq;f KbahJ jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhs;t J Nkw;f py;eilngW- fpwJ. ,J gw;wp Neh;kiwf; fU- j;Jg; Nghf;F mq;F ntspg;glTk; njhlq;fpAs;sJ. vdNt ,q;F ,e;j Gj;jp[Ptpfs; jhk; njhl- q;Fk; Gs;spapNyNa rWf;fp tpLfpd;wdh;.
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gq;Nfw;gth;- fs; jkf;F Vw;glf;$ba ,og;Gf- isg; gw;wp ed;Fzh;e;J jhd; Rakhf jk;ik Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. jw;nfhiyg; NghuhspAk; jdJ ghj;jpuj;ij RakhfNt njhpT nra;fpwhh;. jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhl;- lj;j pw;F jk;i k jahh;nra;A k; fhyg;gFjpapy; (,j;jahhpg;Gf; fhyk; rpy tUlq;fSf;Fk; ePbf;Fk;) mth;fSf;F gy;N tW njhpTfSk;jhuhskhfNt fpilf;fpd;wd. Nghuhl;l tho;it Jwe;J nry;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; #oy; mth;fSf;Fz;L. ,t;thW jhk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l nraw;ghl;il Jwe;J nrd;wth;fSk; cs;sdh;. mt;tifapy;> jw;n fhiyg;Nghuhspfs;VNjh mg;- ghtpj;jdkhf> xd;We;njhpahj- th;fshf> gypflhf;fshf ,aq;Ffp- whh;fs; vd;gJ NghuhLk; kf;fsJ czh;itg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbah- jth;fsJ mg;ghtpj;jdj;ijNaf; fhl;LfpwJ.
mlf;fg;gLk; kf;fsJ czh;Tld; ,ize;J Nghuhl;lj;ij vjph;nfhs;- shJ> mlf;Fk; jug;Gld; (rpq;fs ,d- ntwp muR kw;Wk; Nrhtpdpr rpj;jhe;jk;) $l;L Nrh;e ;j pUg;gth;f shy;Nghuhsp- fspd; cah;e;j Nghh;f;Fzhk;rj;ijAk;> kf;fsJ tpLjiy Ntl;ifiaAk; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s KbahJ. khwhf> ,th;fs;
jkpoPok; - Gul;lhjp 2000
(njhlHr;rp 7Mk; gf;fk;)


Page 6
kf;fs; fsk;
mwpKfkhfp md;GilaPH jq;fspd; ntspaPlhd jkpoPok; khjr; rQ;rpifia XupU ,jo;fs; gbf;ff; fpilj;jd. eLepiyf; fUj;Jfs; jkpoPoj;ij ntw;wpg; ghijapy; ,l;L nry;Yk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj IaKkpy;iy. xU gf;f fUj;Jfis kf;fs; kj;jpapy; jpzpf;f KaYk; gj;jpuif tupirapy; jkpoPok; rw;W tpyfp epd;W eLepiyf; fUj;Jfshy; kf;fis ftu vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs; jf;f gyidf nfhLf;Fk; . vd; Nghd;NwhHfSf;F jkpoPok; xU jukhd rQ;rpif . cz;ikapid cs;sthW cyFf;F vLj;J nry;Yk; xU Clfk; vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. vdNt jkpoPok;njhlHe;J k;jkpo;kf;f spd;neQ;r q;f spy; epiyj;jpUf;f vdJ gpuhHj;jpidfs;.
ghUf;- Jgha; md;GilaPH tzf;fk; jq;fs; fbjk; fpilj;jJ. ,f;fbjk; jhkjkhf vOj NeHe;Jtpl;lJ. gj;jpupifapd; ir]; gw;wpf; Nfl;bUe;jPHfs; jghypy; mDg;g Ntz;baPg;gjhy; ,g;Nghija mjd; cUtNk rpwe;jJ. nghJthf ,q;Fs;s murpay; kw;Wk; r%fg; gpur;irfspy; Neubahf  ngz;zpak;> Rje;jpuk; Mfpa epiyg;ghLfspy; ehd; vjpH ghHf;Fk; Mokhd jsj;jpypUe;J mitfs; tpthjpf;fg; gLtJ gpbj;Js;sJ. cq;fs; ,af;fk; ntw;wpngw vdJ tho;j;JfisAk; md;igAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd;
mUs;-J}j;Jf;Fb ciog;Nghk;! ciug;Nghk;! kf;fSf;Nf!
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vj;jidahtJ jlitahf ,th;fsJ cWjpnkhopfis ehq;fs; re;jjpre;jjpahf Nfl;L tUfpNwhk;. 1915,y; K];ypk; kf;fs; kPJ ,dtd;Kiwia fl;ltpo;j;- Jtpl;ljd; %yk; K];ypk;fs; kPJ mlf;FKiwfis Muk;gpj;J- itj;j ,dntwp murpay; rf;jpfs; mNj K];ypk; kf;fsJ thf;Ffis jkf;F rhjfkhf;fpf; nfhz;Ljhd; ,d;Wtiu murpay; elhj;jp tU- fpd;wdh;. 1947,y; kiyaf kf;fsJ FbAhpikiag; gwpj;J mth;fis ehlw;wth;fshf;fp Njrpa mlf;- FKiwia jpzpj;jth;fs;> ,d;W kiyaf kf;fspd; thf;Ffis ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; jkJ ngUk;-
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jkpoPok; - Gul;lhjp 2000


Page 7
thj MrphpaHfs;...
(4Mk; gf;f njhlHr;rp...)
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