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Kay;tij Rl;Ltjw;fhfTk; jhd;. rpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;Fk; jpwe;j huf; nfhs;ifahdJ ,e;jpa mur g;gpw;Fs; gyte;jkhf ,izj;J l;bUf;Fk; Njrq;fspd; tho;it NkYk; ar; nra;ag; Nghtjhy; ,j;Njrq;fs; jiyg; ghijapy; kpfTk; jPtpukhf J jtph;f;f Kbahjjhfg; Nghfpd;wJ. he;jpak; vq;Fk; ntbj;njog;NghFk; fhe;jspg;gpid jLj;J epWj;Jtjw;F mq;Fs;s Njrq;fspd; kj;jpapy; ;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhd murpay; q;fis cldbahf eilKiwg;gLj;- ;. kf;fspd; mbg;gila tho;tpidAk; k; cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Njrpa nghUshjhu
a fl;bnaOg;GtjhFk;. z;LNk Vfhjpgj;jpa Mjpf;f f;Fk; ,e;jpa MSq;FOkk; kw;Wk; d; cs;@H khepyf; $l;lhspfspd; f;fhuj; jdq;fSf;Fk; glhNlhgq;f- eH vjpuhdjhFk;. ,jdhy; ,e;jpa Okk; cz;ikfis kiwj;J>
ghfp];jhid itj;Jg; G+r;rhz;b fhl;b ,e;jpa muRf; fl;Lkhzjpw;Fs; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s gy;NtW Njrq;fis- Ak; rhHe;j kf;fis jpir jpUg;g Kay;fpd;wJ. jkpoPof;FbauR tpiutpNyh rw;W jhkjkhfNth mikag;NghtJ cWjp. me;jj; jPg; nghwpahdJ ,e;jpa Njrpa mlf;FKiw Ml;rp Kiwapy; xU jfHtpid Vw;gLj;JtJk; cWjp. Nrhtpaj;jpd; jfh;it vg;gb jLj;J epWj;j KbahJ NghdNjh> mij tpl Nkhrkhd Njrpa mlf;FKiwiaf; nfhz;Ls;s ,e;jpahtpd; jfh;Tk; cWjpg;gLj;jg; gl;Ltpl;lJ. jw;NghJ jPtpukile;J tUk; jpwe;j nghUshjhuf; nfhs;ifahdJ Ntfkhf gpsTfs; eilngWtij Nehf;fpNa ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wJ. ,e;epiyapy;> ,e;jpah vDk; jkJ tphpthd Ruz;ly; gpuNjrj;ij Kbe;jtiuapy; rpjw- tplhJ ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf> mbikr; rq;fpypia mWj;njwpAk; jWthia neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vq;fs; Njrj;jpd; kPJ ,d;D- kpd;Dk; Gjpa fhy; tpyq;Ffis G+l;Ltjw;F ,e;jpa muRk; mjd; mzpfshf khwpAs;s Nkw;F- yf muRfSk; Kay;fpd;wd. Nkw;fz;l Jy;ypakhd ,yf;Fld;> Vfhjpgj;jpa muRfSk; ,e;jpa MSq;FOkKk; rpwpyq;fh MSq;FOkj;Jld; ,ize;J jkf;Fs; xU Mjpf;f$l;biz mikj;Jf; nfhz;L> mikjpj; jPHtpidf; nfhz;L tug; ghLglg; Nghtjhf rHtNjr r%fj;ij Vkhw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. If;fpag;gl;l ,yq;iff;Fs;- Sk; rpwpyq;fh murpd; ,iwikf;F vt;tpj fPwy;fSk; tuhj tz;zk; Kaw;rpfis Nkw;- nfhs;tjhfTk; fhl;bf;nfhs;fpd;wd. mjw;F xj;Jiog;G jUk;gb ,e;j Mjpf;f $l;bdhy; mlf;fpnahLf;fg;gl;L tUk; vkJ kf;fisg; ghHj;J ,t;thjpf;f muRfs; typAWj;Jfpd;wd. mt;thwhapd;> ,e;j fLikahd ajhHj;jj;ij Jzpfukhf vjph;nfhz;L cs;shHe;J jd;dstpy; xU kf;fs; Aj;j topKiwiaAk;> Gwk; rhHe;J gpuhe;jpankq;Fk;> cynfq;Fk; cs;s mlf;fg;- gLk;; kf;fs;> mlf;fg;gLk; Njrq;fSld; xUxUxUxUxU Gul;rpfu FOkj;ij Gul;rpfu FOkj;ij Gul;rpfu FOkj;ij Gul;rpfu FOkj;ij Gul;rpfu FOkj;ij mikg;gij Nehf;fpAk; Kd;NdWNthk;. xU fl;lk; tiuf;Fk; vkJ Njrpag; gpur;ridf;Fupa jPHtpidAk; mjw;fhd Nghuhl;l topKiwfisAk; vkJ vy;iyf;Fs; ek;Njrk; kl;Lg;gLj;jp itj;jpUe;jJ epahaNk. mjw;fhd nfhLj;j tpiyfSk; VuhsNk. ekJ Njrpa eyd;fis rpq;fs MSq;F- Okj;Jld; tpiy Ngrpf; nfhz;L ek; kz;zpy; fhy;gjpj;j ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G gil ek; kf;fshy; Xl tpul;lg;gl;lJ. ,d;W mnkupf;f> gpupj;jhdpa muRfs; jkJ NfLnfl;l tuyhw;Wg; ngUikf- isAk; ,uh[je;jpu ty;yikfisAk; khHjl;bf; nfhz;L Eioe;jpUf;fpd;wd. kPz;Lk; ekJ ,iwik ekJ Njrpa eyd;fs; rpq;fs MSq;FOkj;jpd; rhHgpy; tpiyNgrg;gLfpd;;wJ. Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpdJk; ,e;jpa ty;yhjpf;fj;jpdJk; Nfhu efq;fs; ek; rpd;dQ;rpW Njrj;jpd; fOj;Jtiu neUq;fp- tpl;ld. Njrkhf jpuz;L #oe;JtUk; ,g;gifia Kwpabf;fj; jahuhNthk;.
 ̈ jUKjUKjUKjUKjUK
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001

Page 3
mz;ikapy; mnkhpf;f ,uh[je;jpu Kfth; tpy;]; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; kf;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; Mw;wpa ciu ekJ kf;fis Mj;jpu%l;Lt- jhAs;sJ. tpLjiy Gypfspd; kPJ gphpj;jhdpah neUf;Fjy;fis Nkw;nfhz;LtUk; Neuj;jpy;> jd; Vfhjpgj;jpa rfhTf;F xUikg;- ghl;il njhptpj;jplTk;> ekJ Nghuhl;lj;ij jd; gq;fpw;F Neubahf mr;RWj;jTk; mnkhpf;fh muR Nkw;nfhz;l mj;JkPwy;jhd; tpy;]pd; ,t;TiuahFk;.
 ekJ chpikf; Fuypd; epahaj;jpd; Kd;dhy; Njhy;tpAw;Wg; Nghd ,th;fs;> Neubahf ekJ jhafj;jpd; xUgFjpapy; epd;W nfhz;L mr;RWj;jy; tpLg;;gjd; %yk; tpLjiyf;NfhrkpLk; ek;Njrj;jpd; Fuy;tisiaj; jpUfplyhnkd jg;Gf; fzf;Fg;
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kiyaj;jkpo; Njrj;jpd; %y tpirahd njhopyhsHfs; jkJ Cjpa caHtp;w;fhd Nfhupf;if- fis Kd;itj;J rpy thuq;fshf rj;jpahf;fpufk;> NtiyepWj;jk;> MHg;ghl;l CHtyq;fs; vd;gtw;iw Kidg;ghf elhj;jp tUfpd;wdH. njhoyhsHfNshL> khztH r%fk;> MrpupaH r%fk;> tHj;jfHfs;> kjF- UkhHfs;> midj;J njhopw;rq;fq;-
kiyafk; : vOr;rp kpF njhlH Nguzpfs gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; nfhjp jsq;fSf;Fj; jUk; Gul;rpr; n
fs; kw;Wk Clfq;fs ,ize;J j murpw;F ngU tUfpd;wJ.
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ci Uf;F njh gl;l lj;j fl;l mur jhf %yk tUf gLn ntbj;njO NgnuOr;rpa ,dntwp g vupkiyf; Fo rpia kiya mjpfhuj;J nfhLj;J fl;ltpo;j;J ,jd; gpd;dH vOe;J epw;f upj;j mur g rpq;fs ,dt Nghuhl; lkhd Js;sJ. mnkupf;fUf;F ek; Njrj;jpd; VNfhgpj;j gjpy;!
Nghl;Ls;sd  ·mn jpw;F vjpuhd tplk; Nfl;f Gypfs; kPJ A vd> ·Gypfs iftpLtJ iftpl Ntz ekJ jhaf

kiyafk; : vOr;rp kpF njhlH Nguzpfs; ;jpaj;jpd; nfhjp jsq;fSf;Fj; jUk; Gul;rpr; nra;jp
Gul;rpg; gf;- J NghyNt ,g;Nghuhl;l- y; Gul;rpapd; tj; jpwe;J fhyj;jpw;F pe;JDnty yhw;Wg;Gfo;
fs; kw;Wk; mjd; jiytHfs;> Clfq;fs;> murpay; fl;rpfs; ,ize;J jPtpukhf nraw;gLtJ murpw;F ngUk; jiyapbnfhLj;J tUfpd;wJ.
xd;wiu Ehw;whz;L fhy mbikj;jdq;ffspd; RtLfis cilj;njwpaj; Jzpe;jp- Uf;Fk; kiyaj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; Glk; Nghlg; gl;l jq;fsJ ePz;l Nghuhl; lj;jpd; ,d;DnkhU cd;dj fl;lkhfTk; gpujhdkhf murpay; gupkhzk; nfhz;l- jhfTk; ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; %yk; Kj;jpiuia gjpj;J tUfpd;wdH. gpe;JDnty
l;bakhf afj; jkpo; rf;jpfs; ptpl;ld. j;jpd; %y Hfs; jkJ fhupf;if- huq;fshf yepWj;jk;> ; vd;gtw;iw Ufpd;wdH. tH r%fk;> Hfs;> kjF- hopw;rq;fq;-
gLnfhiyf;Fk; gpd;dH ntbj;njOe;j kiyaj; Njrpag; NgnuOr;rpahdJ> rpq;fs-ngsj;j ,dntwp ghrprj;ij vjpHj;J vupkiyf; Fok;ghfpaJ. ,t;ntOr;- rpia kiyaj;Njrj;jpid mlf;Fk; mjpfhuj;Jt rf;jpfs; fhl;bf; nfhLj;J xLf;FKiwfisf; fl;ltpo;j;J tplj; JizNghapdH. ,jd; gpd;dH > ePz;l fhyk; kiyafk; vOe;J epw;f Kbahnjdf; nfhf;f- upj;j mur gaq;futhjpfSf;Fk; rpq;fs ,dthjpfSf;Fk; ,d;iwa Nghuhl; lkhdJ Ngupbiaf; nfhLj;- Js;sJ.
 ̈ nuhgl; nuhgl; nuhgl; nuhgl; nuhgl; mnkupf;fUf;F k; Njrj;jpd; VNfhgpj;j gjpy;!
Nghl;Ls;sdH.  ekJ Njrpa ,Uj;jypd; MzpNtiuNa mWj;njwpe;jpLk; tpjkhf mnk- upf;f Kftuhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l td;kKk; jpkpHj;jdKk; epiwe;j murpay; fUj;Jf;fs;: ·tlf;F - fpof;F ghuk;ghpa jhafk; vd;gJ jPtputhj fUj;jhFk;> ·,yq;ifapy; Rje;jpu jkpo;ehnlhd;W gphpj;njLf;- fg;gLtij mnkhpf;fh epuhfhpf;- fpwJ> ·mnkhpf;fh gaq;futhjj;- jpw;F vjpuhdJ> ·gyUk; mnkhpf;fh- tplk; Nfl;fpwhh;fs; Vd; tpLjiy Gypfs; kPJ Aj;jk; njhLf;f tpy;iy vd> ·Gypfs; jkpoPof; Nfhhpf;ifia iftpLtJld; td;Kiwiaf; iftpl Ntz;Lk;. . . . . . . ekJ jhafj;jpd; kPJ ekf;fpUf;Fk;
(njhlHr;rp 7Mk; gf;fk;) gpizg;ig> chpikia ehk; ntspg;- gLj;JtJ jPtputhjf; fUj;J vd;fpwhh; . Rje;jpu jkpoPo muR miktij xUNghJk; mDkjpf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;fpd;whH. ek; RahjPdj;ij kWjspf;fpd;whH. 1700 fspd; gpw;gFjpapy; gpupj;jhdpa tuptpjpg;Gf;F vjpuhf MAjNke;jpg;Nghuhb jdpmurpd; fPo; mnkupf;f ehl;ilf; nfhz;L te;jij trjpahf kwe;J tpLfpd;whH. jkpoPo kf;fshd ehk; xw;iw Ml;rp vd;w mlf;FKiwfspypUe;J vk;ik tpLtpj;Jf;nfhz;L Rje;jpu muir mikf;f Kay;tij gaq;futhjk; vdf;$Wk; ,e;j Vfhjpgj;jpa vj;jh;fs A+j rpNahdprthjpf- Sf;F> “%jhijahpd; thf;fspf;- fg;gl;l G+kp” vd fw;gidapy; cjpj;j fUj;jhf;fj;ij eil- Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> ghy];jPd kf;fspd; kz;iz mgfhpj;J ,];Nuy; vDk; ehl;il cUthf;fpf; nfhLj;j pUf;f pwhh;f s;. ,];Nuypd;
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001
kiyafk; xU Njrkhf> gy;NtW rf;jpfspd; ,izthf> njhoyhsH- fspd; jiyikapy; xd;W gl;L epw;fpd;wJ. xNu Fuypy; Koq;F- fpd;wJ. ,g;gbg;gl;l epiyapYk; $l kf;fisf; fhl;bf;nfhLf;Fk; rpy ifq;fupaq;fs; eilngwhkypy;iy. muRf;Fk; nfhs;iff;fhuf; nfhk;- gdpfSf;Fk; mbtUbfshf rpyH nraw;glNt nra;fpd;wdH. ,Ue;Jk; ,jidapl;L kf;fs; tpspg;ghfNt ,Uf;fpd;wdH.
Nghuhl;lq;fspy; gq;nfLj;J- tUk; rpy jiyikfspd; gytPdq;- fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nghuhl;lj;ij rpjwbf;f Kad;w muRk; Njhl;lf; nfhk;gdpfSk;> kf;fs; miy miy- ahfTk; mLj;jLj;Jk; nfhLj;J tUk; mOj;jq;fs;> neUf;fbfs; fhuzkhf gzpe;J tu Ntz;ba Neuk; neUq;Ffpd;wJ. kf;fs; jkJ Nfhupf;iffis ntw;wp  rpwpyq;- fhtpy; kl;Lky;y ,g;gpuhe;jpak; KOtjpYk; $l mlf;fg;gll kf;f- spd; fupridf;Fs;shf;fpaJ. murpay;> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; gz;- ghl;Lg; gpur;ridfspy; ,Ue;J kf;- fs; Nguiyahf fpsHe;njo KbAk; vd;gjw;F kiyaf Njrj;jpd; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; tbtq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; midtUk; Gul;rpfu gbg;gp- idfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Nthk;.

Page 4
jkpoPo kf;fs; Fbaurpd; mbg;gilg; gphptpdh;fs; - 0
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jkJ ePbj;j murpay;> nghUshjhu> ,uhZt Mjpf;fj;ij kdpj Fyj;jpd; kPJ epiy epWj;Jtjpy; jPuh ntwpnfhz;bUf;Fk; Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fs>; jk;khy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ngUk; Clf epWtdq;fs; Jiznfhz;L Vfhjpgj;jpa eyd;fhf;Fk; rpj;jhe;jj;ij r%f kag;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd. ,e;j Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fis mz;b mtw;wpw;F Nrtfk; nra;Ak; Clftpay; epWtdq;fSk; Clftpayhsh;fSk; Nkiy ehLfspy; Nghd;Nw %d;whKyf ehLfspYk; cs;sdh;. jhk; rhh;e;j gpw;Nghf;F mjpfhu ntwpnfhz;l muRfspdJk; Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fspd- Jk; kf;fs; tpNuhj> kdpjFy ehrfhuj;jpw;fhd eltbf;iffis vy;yhk; r%f eyd; rhh;e;jjhf kpfTk; El;gkhf gpur;rhug;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.
ekJ ,uj;jj;jpdhYk; caph;j jpahfq;fspdhYk; jkf;fhd N muir ];jhgpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf jkpoPoj;jpd; mlf;fg;gl;l kf;f kf;fis Mjpf;f rf;jpfspd; NjitfSf;Nfw;g
gpuptpdhpd; Fuyhf nraw;gl ,g;gphptpdh; J}z;b tUfpd;wdh;.
Clftpayhsh;fspd; nraw;ghL Kw;wpYk; gue;Jgl;l kf;fspd; eyd;fspw;F
vd;nwd;Wk; mike;jpl Ntz;L vjpuhf Clfj;Jiwia cgNahfpf;Fk; ,th;fs; mjpfhuj;Jt rf;jpfspdJk; mlf;FKiw muRfspdJk; mDruidAld; jkf;fhd eyd;fis ];jhgpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. gpujhdkhf ,th;fNs ,d;W Clfj;Jiwapd; Nghf;FfisAk; gz;igAk; jPHkhdpf;Fk; rf;jpfshf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wdh;.
mNjrkak;. kf;fspd; md;whlg; gpur;ridf- Sld; jk;ik ,izj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s> kf;fspd; mbg;gil kdpj chpikfSf;fhfTk;> [dehaf tho;tpw;fhfTk; Fuy;nfhLj;JtUk; khw;W Clf epWtdq;fisAk; Clftpayhsh;fisAk; nghJtpYk; ekJ #oypYk; ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. vkJ gpujhd Ner rf;jpfSk; mf;fiwf;Fhp- atHfSk; ,th;fNs.
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Clftpayhsh;fs;
sh;fNs kf;fs; kf;fs; kf;fs; kf;fs; kf;fs; eyd;rhH eyd;rhH eyd;rhH eyd;rhH eyd;rhH gpuptp gpuptp gpuptp gpuptp gpuptp Mdhy; mjpfhu muRfs; ,t;T+lf tpay jpl;lkpl;L mlf;Ffpd;wd. jkJ t ,ae;jpuj;ijAk; Fz;lh;fisA Clftpayhsh;fis Mjpf;f r jhf;Ffpd;wd. csTg; gphptpd; fz;fhz itj;jpUf;fpd;wd> Clftpayhsh;fspd rhjdq;fisAk;> jfty; Nrfhpg;G rpijf;fpd;wd. gLnfhiyAk; nra;fpd
,t;thW ntF[d eyid gpujpep gLj;Jk; Clftpayhsh;fis m mlf;fptUtJld;> Fwpg;ghf %d ehLfspy;> Clftpayhsh;fSf;F m Jiwrhh; njhopy;tha;g;Gfs; murhy; V nfhLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. Clftpayhs murnfhLg;gdTfs;> cw;rhfg;gLj;jy; c njhopw;jpwid tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;t gapw;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; Nghd;wd> epuhfhpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. tho NjitfSld; Nghuhbagbjhd; ,th njhopiy Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdh;.
Rje;jpu Clfj;Jiwapd; kPjh
mlf;FKiwfs;> cjhrPdq;fisf; fl chpikf;Fk; [dehafj;jpw;Fkhd C yhsh;fspd; Fuy; cynfq;Fk; vjpn tz;zk;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.
Rje;jpu Clfj;Jiwapd; kPJ vg;n jPuhg;gifikia ntspg;gLj;jp tU Clftpsyhsh;fis eRf;fpaop ifNjh;e;j rpwpyq;fh muR> 20 t Mf;fpukpg;G Aj;jj;jpd; %ykhf jk Clfj;JiwiaAk; rpwe;j Clftpayh Ak; jiyJ}f;f tplhJ jpl;lkpl;L eRf;f rHtNjrmstpy; nraw;gLk; ek eyd;rhHe;j Clfj;JiwfisAk; $ muRae;jpu tiyg;gpd;dy; nfhz;L fpd;wJ. rpq;fs Clfj;Jiwapd; ts xg;gpLifapy; jkpoPoj;jpd; Clfj;Ji gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy; ,Ug;gjw;F ,e;j Mf;fpukpg;Ng gpujhd fhuzk;. ,jd;%y nghJ ePNuhl;lj;jpypUe;J vk;ik Xuq;fl;b cyf elg;igg; gw;wpa jft mwpe;jpuhj gpd;jq;fpa kf;fs; r%fj itj;jpLtjpYk;> vkJ jug;G epiyi
4

ilg; gphptpdh;fs; - 05
J ,uj;jj;jpdhYk; caph;j; fq;fspdhYk; jkf;fhd Njr r ];jhgpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; poPoj;jpd; mlf;fg;gl;l kf;fs;
gpuptpdhpd; Fuyhf tpayhsh;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; ;nwd;Wk; mike;jpl Ntz;Lk;.
rHtNjrj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;glhkhYk;
ePz;lfhy Nehf;Fld; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ. Clftpayhsh;fs;
Clfj;Jiwia vdpDk;> vd;djhd; rpijg;gjpy; rpq;fs muR Kaw;rpfis ek;Njrj;jpd;
kf;fs; kf;fs; kf;fs; kf;fs; kf;fs; eyd;rhH eyd;rhH eyd;rhH eyd;rhH eyd;rhH gpuptpduhFk;. gpuptpduhFk;. gpuptpduhFk;. gpuptpduhFk;. gpuptpduhFk;. jpfhu muRfs; ,t;T+lf tpayhsh;fis mlf;Ffpd;wd. jkJ td;Kiw j;ijAk; Fz;lh;fisAk; Vtp> yhsh;fis Mjpf;f rf;jpfs; ;wd. csTg; gphptpd; fz;fhzpg;Gf;Fs; ;fpd;wd> Clftpayhsh;fspd; njhopy; isAk;> jfty; Nrfhpg;GfisAk; ;wd. gLnfhiyAk; nra;fpd;wd.
Nkw;nfhz;LthpDk;> kf;fs; eydpy; mf;fiwAs;s Njrg;gw;Wkpf;f Clftpayhsh;fs; ek; Njrj;jpy; cUthfptUtij mjdhy; jilnra;a KbahJ NghAs;sJ. jkf;Ff; fpilj;jpUf;Fk; kpf vspikahd njhopy; El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp> mur mlf;FKiwfisnay;yhk; rthyhff; nfhz;L kf;fSf;Fj;jfty;fisf; nfhz;L nry;tjpy; ekJ Clfj;JiwapdJk; Clftpa- yhsh;fspdJk; ghj;jpuk; kpfTk; nkr;rj;jf;fJ.
W ntF[d eyid gpujpepjpj;Jtg;- Clftpayhsh;fis muRfs;
,jw;nfd jkJ capHfisAk ekJ Clftpa- yhsHfs; mHg;gzpj;Js;sdH.
UtJld;> Fwpg;ghf %d;whKyf ;> Clftpayhsh;fSf;F mbg;gil jhopy;tha;g;Gfs; murhy; Vw;gLj;jpf; ;gLtjpy;iy. ClftpayhsUf;fhd g;gdTfs;> cw;rhfg;gLj;jy; cjtpfs;> pwid tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd ; jpl;lq;fs; Nghd;wd> nghpJk; ;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. tho;f;ifj; ld; Nghuhbagbjhd; ,th;fs; jkJ Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdh;.
kpfr;rpy Clftpayhsh;fisNa ekJ Njrk; nfhz;bUg;gpDk; $l> Kbe;jtiuapy; Njrj;jpd; md;whl Aj;j epfo;TfisAk>; murpd; ml;Lopaq;fisAk;> kf;fspd; mtyq;fisAk; rh;tNjr kag;gLj;Jtjpy; jkpoPo Clftpa- yhsh;fs; gpd;dilatpy;iy. rpq;fs murpd; ngha;g; gpur;rhuq;fis vy;yhk; rh;tNjr muq;fpy; Kwpabj;jpl gpuaj;jdk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; jkpoPo Clftpayhsh;fis gaq;futhjpfs; vdf; Fw;wQ;rhl;bf; ifJnra;J rpq;fs muR
pu Clfj;Jiwapd; kPjhd mur
Jd;GWj;jp tUfpwJ. iff;$ypfis Vtpg; gLnfhiy nra;fpwJ. ,g;gbahf> jkpoPoj;jpd; Clftpayhsh;fs; vf;fzj;jpYk; jkJ capUf;F Mgj;J epfof;$ba epiyikapy; jhd; nraw;gl Ntz;bath;fshAs;sdh;.
kWGwk;> Nghuhl;l #oypy; cUthfpAs;s vNjr;rhjpfhu> [dehaf kWg;G murpay; Nghf;Ffis kf;fs; eydpy; epd;W tpkh;rd G+h;tkhf mZfTk; kf;fs; kag;gLj;jTkhd chpikfs; kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sijf; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. Clftpayhsh;fs; Rje;jpukhf kf;fspd; rhh;gpy;
wfs;> cjhrPdq;fisf; fle;J kdpj k; [dehafj;jpw;Fkhd Clftpa- pd; Fuy; cynfq;Fk; vjpnuhypj;j hd; ,Uf;fpwJ.
jkJ fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; cl;gl Vida jkpo;f; fl;rpfsplk; ,Ue;Jk; $l mr;RWj;jy;fisAk; nfhiyfisAk; njhlHr;rpahf vjph;nfhs;s NeHfpd;wJ.
pu Clfj;Jiwapd; kPJ vg;nghOJk; ikia ntspg;gLj;jp tUtjpYk; yhsh;fis eRf;fpaopg;gjpYk; ;j rpwpyq;fh muR> 20 tUlfhy pg;G Aj;jj;jpd; %ykhf jkpoPoj;jpd; wiaAk; rpwe;j ClftpayhsHfis- }f;f tplhJ jpl;lkpl;L eRf;fptUfpwJ. mstpy; nraw;gLk; ekJ Njr ;j Clfj;JiwfisAk; $l jdJ pu tiyg;gpd;dy; nfhz;L Klf;F- pq;fs Clfj;Jiwapd; tsh;r;rpAld; apy; jkpoPoj;jpd; Clfj;Jiw kpfTk;
jkpoPoj;jpd; mbg;gil r%fg; gphptpdh;fsp- dJk; mlf;fg;gLk; kf;fspdJk; eyd;fis cWjpg;gLj;Jtij Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L mikf;fg;gLk; jkpoPo [dehaff; FbaurhdJ> Clftpayhsh;fspd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfis cWjpg;gLj;JtJld;> jkpoPo ClfJiwia RahjPdkhf tsh;j;njLg;gjpYk; mbg;gil ngsjPf Njitfis G+h;j;jpnra;tjp- Yk; mf;fiwnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw ,tHfspd; gq;fspg;Gfis ekJ Njrk; jdJ tuyhw;wpy; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;sTk; Ntz;Lk;.
epiyapy; ,Ug;gjw;F ,e;j ,dntwp
ekJ ,uj;jj;jpdhYk; caph;j;jpahfq;fsp- ;Ng gpujhd fhuzk;. ,jd;%yk; cyfpd;
dhYk; jkf;fhd Njr muir ];jhgpj;Jf; uhl;lj;jpypUe;J vk;ik Njrkhf
nfhz;bUf;Fk; jkpoPoj;jpd; mlf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; cyf elg;igg; gw;wpa jfty;fis
gpuptpdhpd; Fuyhf Clftpayhsh;fspd; j gpd;jq;fpa kf;fs; r%fj;jpduhf
nraw;ghLfs; vd;nwd;Wk; mike;jpl Ntz;Lk; tjpYk;> vkJ jug;G epiyikfis
 ̈ mq;fit
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001

Page 5
g rh;tNjrg; ngz;fSld; ngz;fshd ngz;fs; midj;ijAk; q;Fdp jkJ ngz;fs; ehKk; khjk; ntd;Wnfhs;tjw;fhf mbg;gil ,ize;J nfhz;lhLfpNwhk;. jpdj;ij 8k; ehs;> chpikfs; jkpoPog; cyfg; 90tJ
2001Mk; Njr Raeph;za jkpoPog; Mz;bd; ngz;fspd; chpikAk; rh;tNjrg; ngz;ZhpikNa!
ngz;fs;
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Nkw;nfhz;L te;j ePz;l Nghuhl;l mDgtq;fspd; %ykhf jkf;fhd ehis tuyhw;wpy; epr;rapj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. ngz;fspd; ,g; ngUehspy; jkpoPog; ngz;fshd ehKk; ekJ chpikfis ntd;W nfhs;tjw;fhf cynfq;Fk; XuzpjpuSk; ek; NjhopaUld; fuq;Nfhh;j;J ekJ chpikfSf;fhf Nghh;KuriwNthk;.
chpikfs; vd;git cyfshtpa tifapy; ngz;fs; midtUf;Fk; nghJthditahfTk;> Fwpg;ghd #o;epiyapy; thOk; ngz;fSf;fhd Fwpg;ghd chpikfshfTk; gutptphpe;Js;sd. ngz;fspd; nghJthd chpikfSf;fhf cyf- shtpa mstpyhd nghJthd Nghuhl;lq;fSld; ,izAk; mNjrkak; ekJ Fwpg;ghd chpikf- Sf;fhf ehk; jkpoPog; ngz;fs; vDk; jdpj;Jt milahsj;Jld; Nghuhl Ntz;bath;fsh As;Nshk;.
jkpoPog; ngz;fshd ehk; ,d;W vjph;nfhz;L epw;Fk; gpujhd chpikahf ekJ Njrj;jpd; Raeph;za chpik cs;sJ. Njr Raeph;za chpikia vg;gb ngz;Zhpikahf milahsg;- gLj;JtJ vDk; Nfs;tp ek;kpy; gyUf;Fk; vOtJ tpag;gpy;iy. Vnddpy;> ,d;W [duQ;rf muq;fpy; ntspg;gLk; ngz;zpa fUj;Jfs; ngUk;ghYk; Njrpak; vd;gjw;F vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fisj;jhd; gpur;rhug;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd.
Njrk; vd;gJ ekf;F ntspapYs;s xU fUj;jhf;fky;y. Njrk; vd;gij jkf;fhd nghJthd tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;s kf;fs; jpus; vdf; nfhs;Nthkhapd;> Njrk; vd;gJ ehk;jhd;. ngz;fSk;> Mz;fSk;> rpWtUk;> nghpNahUkhf ek;kidthpdJk; jpul;rpjhd; ekJ  tho;tpYkhf ehNk Njrkhfj; jpfo;fpNwhk;.
kdpj ,dj;jpd; ePbj;j ,Uj;jy; caphpay; tifg;gl;L ngz;fspy;jhd; jq;fpAs;sJ vd;why;> ekJ Njrj;jpd; ,Uj;jy; ngz;fshd ek;kpy;jhd; ikag;gl;Ls;sJ. Mk;> ngz;fshd ehk;jhd; ekJ Njrj;ij caphpay; rhh;e;J kWcw;gj;jp nra;fp- Nwhk;. caphpay; tifg;gl;L Njrj;jpd; ,Uj;jiy> njhlh;r;rpia ghJfhj;J tUfpNwhk;. ngz;fs; ,d;Nwy; Njrk; ,y;iy. mt;tstpy;   cyfshtpa mstpy; ngz;fs; midtUk; vjph;nfhs;Sk; nghJthd mlf;FKiwfSld;> ekJ r%fj;jpw;- NfAhpa Fwpg;ghd tho;tpay; KiwfSld; $ba Mzhjpf;f mlf;FKiwfisAk;  ngz;fs; kPjhd rpq;fsg; gil td;Kiwfis jLj;jpl Kbahj r%f epyTfpwJ.
ePz;lfhy Aj;jj;jpd; NguopTfs Njrj;jpd; rPuhd r%f ,af;fk; rpij Ls;sJ. ekJ r%fk; jd;id newpg nfhs;tjw;fhf jhNd cUthf;fpapUe;j r%f mwnewpfs;> tpOkpaq;fs; (xg;g ,it ngz;fSf;F r%f ghJfhg;G j $l) ,d;W rpijtile;J nry;tjhy;> r
,uz;lhk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;bUf;F NkYk; mlf;FKiwfis vjph; fhuzkhfptpl;Ls;sJ. FLk;g Mz;f cs;@h; Mz;fshYk; ngz;fs; kPjhd jy;fs;> td;nfhLikfs; mjpfhpj;J tU ,g;gbahf> vjphp jug;gpdhYk; r%fj ,ul;il mlf;FKiwf;F jkoPo ngz;f cs;shfp tUfpNwhk;.
vdpDk; ekJ Mj;k gyj;ijj; jpul

z;bd; rh;tNjrg; ngz;fs; jpdj;jpy; kpoPog; ngz;fspd; gpufldk;: Njr Raeph;za chpikAk; ngz;ZhpikNa!
;jkpo; ngz;fshd ehk; Fwpg;ghf ;s Neh;e;Js;sJ.  tpOkpaq;fs; (xg;gPl;lstpy; ;fSf;F r%f ghJfhg;G jUtdTk; rpijtile;J nry;tjhy;> r%fj;jpy;
; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;bUf;Fk; ngz; lf;FKiwfis vjph; nfhs;s ptpl;Ls;sJ. FLk;g Mz;fspdhYk; z;fshYk; ngz;fs; kPjhd Jd;GWj;- ;nfhLikfs; mjpfhpj;J tUfpd;wd. hf> vjphp jug;gpdhYk; r%fj;jpdhYk; lf;FKiwf;F jkoPo ngz;fshd ehk;
UfpNwhk;. k; ekJ Mj;k gyj;ijj; jpul;b gPdpf;];
gwitfs; Nghy; ekJ Njrj;ij Njhspy; Rke;j gb kPs kPs caph;f;Fk; Nguhw;wiy jkpoPo ngz;fshd ehk; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. ekJ ciog;ghYk;> Nghuhl;lj;jhYk; ngz;fspd; tuyhw;wpy; Gjpa mj;jpahaj;ij jkpoPo ngz;fshd ehk; gilj;J tUfpNwhk; vd;gij ,g; ngz;fs; jpdj;jpy; cyFf;F mwptpj;jpLNthk;.
ngz;fs; ekJ kNdhjplj;jpy;> ciog;gpy; ekJ Njrk; jd;id kPs eph;khzpf;Fk; cs;shw;wiyf; nfhz;bUg;gij rpq;fs muR mwpe;jpUg;gjhy; ekJ kNdhjplj;ij jfh;j;jpl jpl;lkpl;L nraw;gLfpwJ. ek;ik mtkhdg;gLj;JfpwJ. ekJ cliyr; rpijf;fpwJ. ghypay; rpj;jputij rhh;e;j mr;rj;ij ekJ Njrj;jpy; tpijf;fpwJ. ,jd; %yk; ngz;fs; ek;ik nrayw;w gphptpduhf fl;bg; Nghl KidfpwJ. vjphpapdhy; ekf;F Vw;gLk; ,e;j midj;J tpjkhd mlf;FKiwfSf;Fk;> mtkhdq;fSf;Fk; KbTfl;l Ntz;Lkhdhy; ehk; Njrpa hPjpahf tpLjiyaile;jpl Ntz;Lk;. Mk;! Njr mlf;FKiwapD}lhf ngz;fshf ehk; vjph;nfhz;LtUk; Fwpg;ghd mlf;FKiw- fis> Njr tpLjiyia ntd;Wnfhs;tjd; %yk; khj;jpuNkNa ek;khy; KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu KbAk;. mt;tifapy; Njr mlf;FKiwia vjph;- nfhs;Sk; kf;fs; r%fq;fisr; rhh;e;j ngz;fspd; mbg;gil chpikapy; jkJ Njrj;jpd; tpLjiyf;fhd> Njr Raeph;zaj;jpw;fhd chpikAk; cs;slq;FfpwJ vDk; cz;ikia ehk; njspthf milahsq; fhz;Nghk;.
Njr Raeph;za chpikAk; kdpj Njr Raeph;za chpikAk; kdpj Njr Raeph;za chpikAk; kdpj Njr Raeph;za chpikAk; kdpj Njr Raeph;za chpikAk; kdpj chpikNa. chpikNa. chpikNa. chpikNa. chpikNa. . . I.eh. kdpj chpik mwpf;if $WfpwJ. kWGwk;> ngz;ZhpikAk; kdpj ngz;ZhpikAk; kdpj ngz;ZhpikAk; kdpj ngz;ZhpikAk; kdpj ngz;ZhpikAk; kdpj chpikNachpikNachpikNachpikNachpikNa vd I.eh. ngz;fs; rhrdk; $WfpwJ. jkJ Njrj;jpd; Raeph;za chpikia jkJ Njrj;jpd; Raeph;za chpikia jkJ Njrj;jpd; Raeph;za chpikia jkJ Njrj;jpd; Raeph;za chpikia jkJ Njrj;jpd; Raeph;za chpikia mDgtpf;f ngz;fs; nfhz;Ls;s chpik mDgtpf;f ngz;fs; nfhz;Ls;s chpik mDgtpf;f ngz;fs; nfhz;Ls;s chpik mDgtpf;f ngz;fs; nfhz;Ls;s chpik mDgtpf;f ngz;fs; nfhz;Ls;s chpik kdpj chpikNa. mt;tifapy; mJ xU kdpj chpikNa. mt;tifapy; mJ xU kdpj chpikNa. mt;tifapy; mJ xU kdpj chpikNa. mt;tifapy; mJ xU kdpj chpikNa. mt;tifapy; mJ xU ngz;ZhpikNa. ngz;ZhpikNa. ngz;ZhpikNa. ngz;ZhpikNa. ngz;ZhpikNa. kWjypf;fg;gl Kbahj ,e;j cz;ikia jkpoPog; ngz;fshd ehk; ekJ iffspy; vLg;Nghk;. mjw;fhf tpl;Lf;nfhLf;- fhky; ,Wjptiu NghuhLNthk;.
rNfhjhpfNs! ekJ ngz;Zhpikg; Nghuhl;- lj;jpy; ek; Njrj;jpd; Raeph;zaj;jpw;fhd chpikiaAk; cs;slf;FNthk;. Njr Raeph;z- aj;jpw;fhd mirf;f Kbahj epahaj;ij ngz;fspd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy>; ngz;fspd; Fuypy; ntspg;gLj;JNthk;.
rh;tNjrnkq;Fk; Gyk;ngah;e;J thOk; ek; rNfhjhpah;> jkpoPog; ngz;fspd; Njr jkpoPog; ngz;fspd; Njr jkpoPog; ngz;fspd; Njr jkpoPog; ngz;fspd; Njr jkpoPog; ngz;fspd; Njr Raeph;zaj;jpw;fhd Nghh;f;Fuyhf Raeph;zaj;jpw;fhd Nghh;f;Fuyhf Raeph;zaj;jpw;fhd Nghh;f;Fuyhf Raeph;zaj;jpw;fhd Nghh;f;Fuyhf Raeph;zaj;jpw;fhd Nghh;f;Fuyhf nraw;- gl Ntz;ba jUzkpNj. Njr tpLjiyapy; jkpoPog; ngz;fs; nfhz;Ls;s eyd;fis> ngz;fspd; Njrpa mgpyhi\fis gpur;rhug;- gLj;j Ntz;ba fl;lk; ,JNt. rh;tNjr rl;lq;f- Sf;F vt;tpjj;jpYk; Kuzw;w tifapy; jkpoPog; ngz;fspd; chpikAld; Njrpa Raeph;zaj;jpw;- fhd chpik gpz;zpg; gpize;jpUg;gij midj;J kf;fs; r%fq;fSf;Fk;> midj;Jyf epWtdq;fSf;Fk; vLj;Jiuf;f Ntz;ba re;jh;g;gk; ,JNt.
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001
 ̈Rgj;jpuh

Page 6
jw;Nghija nghJ [d If;fpa Kd;dzp murhq;fj;- jpd; fPo; fle;J nry;Yk; fhykhdJ xl;Lnkhj;j kf;f- Sf;Fk; epr;rakw;wjhf cs;sJ. mNj Nghd;W ngUk; mopit Nehf;fp KOr; r%fj;- ijAk; nfhz;L nry;Yt- jhfTk; cs;sJ. gyjug;gl;l epiyikfshy; cUthf;- fg;gl;l ,e; epiyikahdJ> murpd; rpf;fyhd gz;igAk;> epue;jukpy;yhj; jd;ikiaAk; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Aj;jj;- jpd; %yk; Njrpa gpur;rpid nkd;NkYk; cf;fpu epiyia milar; nra;fpwJ.
,d;ndhU gf;fk; tPo;r;rpa- ile;J nfhz;L nry;Yk; nghUshjhu epiyikahdJ tpNrlkhf tWik tFg;gpd- iuAk; fPo; kj;jpa tFg;gpd- iuAk; njspthf jhf;fp tUfpd;wJ. $ypapYk; khjhe;j tUthapYk; rPtpf;Fk; kf;fs; midtUk; Cjpa caHtpw;- fhf Fuy;nfhLj;J tUfpd;- wdH. vjpHfhyk; Fwpj;J vjidAk; jPh;khdk; nra;J nfhs;s Kbahky; rfy r%f tFg;gpdhpilNaAk; ngUk; mr;rKk; mjpUg;jpiaAk; ntspg;gilahf Jsph;tpl Muk;gpj;Js;sJ.
Aj;jj;ij KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tu Njrpa kw;Wk; rh;tNjr hPjpahfTk;Fuy;fs; vOg;gg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;- fpd;wd. kWgf;fk; Ngr;Rf;f- Sf;F ,lkpy;iy. Aj;jj;ij njhlHtJjhd; xNutop vd rpq;fs ,dthj rf;jpfs; jPtpukhf epw;fpd;wd. rp`y cUka NeubahfTk;> kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp kiwKf- khfTk; ,jw;fhf gy nraw;- jpl;lq;fis jPtpukhfr; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;.
murpw;Fs;NsNa Aj;jk; rhh; FOnthd;Wk; “rkhjhdk;” rhh;ghd FOnthd;Wkhf rkfhyj;jpy; nraw;gLfpd;wd. Nky; ehLfs; jkJ NfLnfl;l eyd;fspy; ,Ue;J jiyaPL xUGwk;. ,e;jpa murpd; Njitfs; epth;j;jp nra;Ak; Kfkhf> mjidj; jpUk;gpj; jpUk;gpg;ghHj;jthW> murhq;fk; rfy Vw;ghLfisAk; nra;J nfhz;- bUf;fpd;wJ kWGwk;. midj;J kf;fspd; fOj;Jf- spYk; nkJnkJthf RUf;if muR ,Wf;fpf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ.
Aj;jj;ij nty;y ,d;Dk;
6
FWfpa fhyg;gFjpNa cs;sJ vdTk;> mJtiu ,Lg;G ehlhit ,Wf;fpf; nfhs;- Sq;fs; vd;Wk; ciof;Fk; kf;fsplk; Nfl;Ltpl;L re;jp- upfh cyf tyk; te;J nfhz;b-
Ufpd;whH. mj;NjhL tpUjphp rthhp vd;w ngahpy; ,uhZ- tj;jpd; rf;jpia njhlHe;Jk; gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. ,jw;F Vuhsk; gzk; jz;zPuhf nrytplg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Mf mtHfSf;Fs; ,ufrp- akhd jpl;lq;fs; gy cs;sd vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
,dthj rpj;jhe;jg; gpbf;- Fs; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; rpq;- fs kf;fs; jk;ik xUfhyj;- jpy; laupy; Nghl;L vupj;j ,uhZtj;jpw;fhf gd;ryia tyk;te;j nfhz;bUf;fpd;- whHfs;. ,Nj ,uhZtk; ehis murpd; Vtyhl;fshf jk;kPNj ghAk; vd;gij kwe;J fplf;- fpd;whHfs;. epiyik Nkhr-
Kwpabg;...
(1Mk; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...)
Mjpf;f eyd;fspy; ,Ue;J vkJ Nghuhl;lj;ijg; gad;- gLj;jp te;jijAk;> njhlHr;- rpahfNt jiyaPLfs; nra;J tUtijAk; midtUk; mwp- Nthk;. mt;thNw ,d;W vy;yh- tpjkhd Njrpa mlf;F- KiwfSf;F k;> jilfSf;F k; vjpuhf epd;W epiyngw;W tsHe;J tUk; ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; Fwpj;Jk; mjd; XHkg; gz;Gfs; Fwpj;Jk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; kf;fspd; gq;F NkYk; mjpfupj;J tUtJ Fwpj;Jk;> mjd; murpay; ,uhZt jdpj;Jtk; Fwpj;Jk;> Vfhjpgj;jpa muRfs; mQ;rj; njhlq;fptpl;ld. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt> ekJ tpLj- iyg;Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gz;gpid-
Nghiuj; jtpu murplk; NtNwJk; ,y;iy!
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gpf;Fk; m gLfpd;wd fpd;wJ A ahtJ t Kwpabj;J Fd;wpapU ijf;F t mjpfhuq ghjtHfs fw;gid n fpd;whHfs
njw;f rf;jpfis Aj;j ntw nfhz;L murhq;fk ,dg;gpur nfhz;L t epue;ju n
Ak ji tjw;fhd njspthf nfhz;L n tpl;ld. rpw mjd; Ms mur ae;j Jf; nfhL ghl;ilj; n tpl;ld.
, epd;W nfhz ek;Njrj;jpd gpuNahfpf;f wd. Mir fpd;wd. e gy;NtW kj;jpapYk Vw;gLj;jpl gLfpd;wd. n Ngr;RthHj

Nghiuj; jtpu murplk; NtNwJk; ,y;iy!
;...
gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...)
; ,Ue;J g; gad;- njhlHr;- s; nra;J Uk; mwp- ;W vy;yh- mlf;F- fSf;F k; yngw;W pLjiyg; k; mjd; Fwpj;Jk; pd; gq;F tUtJ murpay; ; Fwpj;Jk;> ; mQ;rj; ,jd; J tpLj- gz;gpid-
cs;sJ ,Lg;G ; nfhs;- iof;Fk; ;L re;jp- nfhz;b-
tpUjphp ; ,uhZ- hlHe;Jk; Uf;fpwhh;. z;zPuhf fpd;wJ. ; ,ufrp- cs;sd J. ;jg; gpbf;- ;Fk; rpq;- Ufhyj;- vupj;j d;ryia Uf;fpd;- k; ehis jk;kPNj ;J fplf;- k Nkhr-
khdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ve;j gpur;rpidf;Fk; jPh;T fhZk; Nehf;fk; murpw;F mUfpy; $l ,y;iy.
kPz;Lk; Aj;jk; rpj;jpiu khjk; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy; Muk;-
gpf;Fk; mwpFwpfs; njd;- gLfpd;wd. murhq;fk; epidf;- fpd;wJ Aj;jj;jpdhy; vg;gb- ahtJ tpLjiyg; Gypfis Kwpabj;J mth;fs; gyk; Fd;wpapUg;gpd; Ngr;R thh;j;- ijf;F tug;gz;Ztjw;Nf. mjpfhuq;fis ,of;f tpUk;- ghjtHfs; jkJ trjpg;gb fw;gid nra;J nfhz;bUf;- fpd;whHfs;.
njw;fpy; rpy ,dthj rf;jpfis jpUg;jpg;gLj;j Aj;j ntw;wpfisAk; fhl;bf; nfhz;L Ngr;Rthh;j;ijf;F murhq;fk; nrd;whYk;> jkpo; ,dg;gpur;rpidia jPh;tpw;F nfhz;L tu murplk; vt;tpj epue;ju nraw;jpl;lq;fSk;
Ak; mjd; jpiriaAk; jiyfPohfg; Gul;L- tjw;fhd topKiwfspy; njspthf nfhs;if tFj;Jf; nfhz;L nraw;glj; njhlq;fp tpl;ld. rpwpyq;fh murpidAk; mjd; Ms;Gyj;ijAk; rpq;fs mur ae;jpuj;ijAk; ghJfhj;- Jf; nfhLg;gJ vd;w epiyg;- ghl;ilj; njspthfNt vLj;J- tpl;ld.
,t;thwhd epiyg;ghl;by; epd;W nfhz;Ljhd;> mt;tuRfs; ek;Njrj;jpd; kPJ mOj;jq;fisg; gpuNahfpf;fpd;wd. mr;RWj;Jfpd;- wd. Mir thHj;ijfs; fhl;L- fpd;wd. ek; kf;fs; kj;jpapYk; gy;NtW CryhLk; gpuptpdH kj;jpapYk; kdr;rQ;ryq;fis Vw;gLj;jplyhk; vd glhjghL gLfpd;wd. nkJnkJthf murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;w nghwpf;Fs;
jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001 jkpoPok; - gq;Fdp - 2001
fpilaNt fpilahJ. mg;- NghJk; fpilahJ. ,g;NghJk; fpilahJ. murpd; epiy njhlh;e;Jk; jkJ Ml;rpapy; Fe;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ kl;LNk. jkpo; ,d tpLjiy fpsh;r;rpia ,g;NghJ mlf;fpa gpd;G> njw;fpy; rpq;fs tFg;gpdh; %yk; mLj;J tuTs;s fpsh;r;rpfis mlf;fp jdJ Mjpf;fj;ijj; njhlHe;Jk; epiy ehl;bf; nfhs;tNj. vjpupfs; vg;NghJk; jpUe;jpajw;F tuyhW fpilahJ. ehk; vjpHj;J ,Wjptiu jhf;FtNj xNu topahFk;. jkpo;Njrpa tpLjiy kl;Lk; ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fhf ,Ue;JtpLkh?
,g;gbg;gl;l epiyikapy; midj;J kf;fsJk; vjph;- fhyk; gw;wpa Nehf;Fila cz;ikahd Gul;rpahsHf- Sf;F tuyhW jw;NghJ je;jp- Uf;Fk; nghWg;G rpwpajy;y. Nky; ehLfs; ,g;gpur;rpidapy; jiyaPL nra;Ak; Mgj;jpid kf;fSf;F tpsf;fkhf vLj;- Jf; $WtJ xUGwk;: ,e;jpa nghUshjhu> murpay; Njit- fspd; mbg;gilapy; nra;ag;- gLk; jiyaPLfs; kWGwk;. kw;Wk; kf;fis mlf;fp xLf;Fk; murpd; eph;thfthfk; mile;J tUk; ghrpr gz;Gfs;. ,tw;iw xopj;Jf; fl;Ltjw;- fhd nraw;ghLfs; vd;gd midj;J r%fq;fspYk; cs;s Gul;rpahsHfspd; epfo;r;rpepuypy; Kjy; mq;fkhf mika Ntz;Lk;.
 ̈ jHkFkhu
ekJ Nghuhl;lj;ijr; ,Oj;Jr; rpf;f itj;J> ePz;l Nghuhl;lg;- ghijapDhlhf ekJ Njrk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s jdpj;J- tkhd tYthd jw;fhg;G Mw;wiy ,y;yhnjhopf;f Kidfpd;wd. ,jd; epkpj;jk; ty;yuRfs; jhk; NjHr;rp ngw;Ws;s (Ngr;R thHj;ij murpaYf;Fs;) jsj;jpw;F ek; Njrj;ij je;jpukhf ,Oj;Jtpl Kay;fpd;wd. ,Oj;jbg;GfSf;F cs;shf;fpAk;> ,uh[je;jpu ehlfq;fs; %ykhfTk; ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij jpirtpyfr; nra;aTk; gytPdg;- gLj;jp tplTk; Kad;W tUfpd;wd. ,jw;F Kd;Ndhbahf kiwKf- khd Neubahd $w;Wf;fs; kw;Wk; mwpf;iffs; %ykhf ekJ kf;fs; kPJ cstpay; jhf;Fjiy Muk;gpj;Js;sd.
(njhlHr;rp 7y; ...)

Page 7
(1Mk; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...) ek; Njrnkq;Fk;..
tbtj;jpw;Fr; nry;Nthk;. murpay; tifg;gl;l “Nghuhl;l” Kd;ndLg;G jdf;Nfahd tpNr\pj;j gz;igf; nfhz;bUg;gJld;> rh;tNjr rf;jp- fs; midj;jpdJk; ftdj;ijAk;  mJTk; Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fSld; mbg;gil tplaq;fspy; tpl;Lf; nfhLg;GfSf;F ,lkpd;wp> murpay; Nguk;Ngry;fs; nra;Jnfhz;L mth;fspd; neUf;Fjy;fs;> mOj;- jq;fs;> mr;RWj;jy;fisAk; vjph;- nfhz;lgb Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;d- fh;j;j Ntz;bapUg;gJ ekJ Njrj;- jpw;F Gjpa mDgtKkhFk;.
Njrj;jpd; tpLjiyapy;> Raeph;- za chpikapy; ekJ kf;fs; mid- tUk; VNfhgpj;j Ntl;if nfhz;Ls;- sdh; vd;gij rh;tNjr muq;fpy; ntspg;gLj;JtJ ekJ Njrj;jpd; ,d;iwa murpay; epiyg;ghl;ilAk; Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; gyg;gLj;jpL-
“Gjpa cyf xOq;F” vDk; ftrj;jpd; fPo;> Mjpf;f cyf xOq;if epWt gpuaj;jdk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Vfhjpgj;jpa rf;jpfspd; rpj;jhe;jq;fis> ekJ #oypy; rkhjhdg; Nguit vdf; $wpf;nfhz;Lk;> utha khw;Wf; fUj;Jf;fs; vdf; $wpf;nfhz;Lk;> rpq;fs Mjpf;f kdf;fl;likg;- Gf;Fs; ,Ue;J nfhz;L rpy rf;jpfs; nray;gLfpd;wd. ,tHfs; jkpo; nkhop Clfq;fSf;$lhf tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;ljpw;F vjpuhf fUj;Jf;fis gug;gpf; nfhz;bUf;- fpd;wdH. ,d;W Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; rhuhk;rj;jpy; Vfhjp- gj;jpa vjpHg;G Nghuhl;lq;fshf mikAk; Gul;rpfu gz;ig Kid kOq;fr; nra;tjpy; ,r;rf;jpfs; gpuf;i QAld;NjhL>NjhL>NjhL>NjhL> rpq;fs muRld; fuq;fuq;fuq;fuq;fuq; NfhHj;Jr; NfhHj;Jr; NfhHj;Jr; NfhHj;Jr; NfhHj;Jr; nraw;gL- nraw;gL- nraw;gL- nraw;gL- nraw;gL- fpd;wd fpd;wd fpd;wd fpd;wd fpd;wd vd;gJ vd;gJ vd;gJ vd;gJ vd;gJ njspth- njspth- njspth- njspth- njspth- fNt fNt fNt fNt fNt ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fhd nghwpahfNt murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijfs;> tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; kPjhd
(3Mk
Kwpabg;...
(6Mk; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...)
★jkpoPog; jkpoPog; jkpoPog; jkpoPog; jkpoPog;
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gpize; gpize; gpize; gpize; gpize; cyfk; cyfk; cyfk; cyfk; cyfk; ★jkpoPg; ng jkpoPg; ng jkpoPg; ng jkpoPg; ng jkpoPg; ng jpdkhdjpdkhdjpdkhdjpdkhdjpdkhd ★Njr Rae Njr Rae Njr Rae Njr Rae Njr Rae ★ mikg;ghFk; Kjph;r;- rpiaf; nfhz;Ls;s midj;J r%f rf;jpfSk; Mrphpah;fs;> flw;- nwhopyhsh;fs;> tptrhapfs;> gid- tsj; njhopyhsh;fs;> Clftpayh- sh;fs;> mur Copah;fs;> Rfhjhuj; njhopyhsh;fs;> tFg;Gj; njhopyh- sh;fs;> itj;jpah;fs;> jhjpkhh; kw;Wk; kUj;JtJiw Copah;fs;> fpuhkpa ciog;ghsh;fs;> rpw;W}op- ah;fs;> th;j;jfh;fs;> rhujpfs; Mfpa midj;Jg; gphptpdhpd; rq;fq;fSk; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; ,isQh; mzpfSk; Njr Raeph;za chpik vd;gij jkJ iffspy; vLj;jpl Ntz;Lk;.
,g;gbahf ,d;iwa fl;l murpay; Kd;ndLg;Gfs; kf;fspd; Nghuhl;l gyj;jpy; murpay; rhuNkw;- wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. kf;fs; Nghuhl;lk; vd;gJ mjd; cz;ikahd mh;j;- jj;jpy; jdJ rf;jpia epWtpL- tjw;fhd fhyk; ,JNt. jkJ mahuhg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; %yk; ekJ kf;fshy; jkpoPoj;jpd; tpLjiy tuyhW gilf;fg;gLk;.
jilfs; kw;Wk; mOj;jq;fs; vd;nwy;yhk; Mjpf;f muRf- spd; topKiwfs; toikNghy; tpuptile;J nry;fpd;wJ.
vdNt ek; Njrj;jpd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s mbg;- gilahd> Kjd;ikahd jilia jfHg;gjpy; midj;- Jg;gpuptpdUk; xd;wpize;j ,yf;Fld; nraw;gLNthk;. ekJ Njrpaf; Nfhupf;iffis gue;jstpyhd kf;fspd; gyj;jpy; tsHnjLg;Nghk;. mjw;nfd ehk; gy;NtW topKiwfs;> cghaq;fs; gw;wpr; rpe;jpg;Nghk;. vkJ Njrj;jpd; Mjhu murpay; Nfhupf;iffis cuj;J Koq;FNthk;.
mNjrkaj;jpy;> KOik- apd; xU gFjp vd;wstpy;> murpay; Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; fsj;jpidAk; ntw;wpfukhf vjpHnfhs;tJk;> ,jw;fhd mDgtq;fis gpw tuyhw;wpypUe;Jk; ekJ nrhe;j mDgtq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; fw;Wf; nfhs;tJld;> ekJ kf;fspd; cWjpahd murpaypYk;> nrhe;jg- ;gyj;jpYk;> rHtNjr r%fj;jpd; gyj;jpYk; ekJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij Cd;WNthk;. ,JNt ekJ Njrj;jpd; cz;ikahd tpLjiyf;fhd rupahd cWjpahd jpir topahFk;.
mnkhpf;fUf;F
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md;Gi kpfT gj;jphpif jq;fspd tho;j;Jf Nghh;nra rkj;Jt ehfhPfj ntspg;gLj midti ciog;Ng jq;fis gLtjw;f mjpfhuq

;. g;G tbtk; k; Kjph;r;- midj;J h;fs;> flw;- pfs;> gid- lftpayh- ;> Rfhjhuj; j; njhopyh- ;> jhjpkhh; Copah;fs;> s;> rpw;W}op- ;> rhujpfs; phptpdhpd; s; kw;Wk; r Raeph;za iffspy;
wa fl;l s; kf;fspd; ay; rhuNkw;- ; Nghuhl;lk; ahd mh;j;- a epWtpL- Nt. jkJ ; %yk; ekJ ; tpLjiy
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- ukzd;> ntg;jsk;

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kf;fsJ murpay; mjpfhuj;jpw;fhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jkpoPo kf;fs; fl;rp!
md;ghh;e;j thrfh;fNs! ,e;j 24tJ ,jOld; jkpoPok; gj;jphpiff;F 2tUlq;fs; G+h;j;jpahfpwJ. ,t;ntw;wpia jq;fSld; ghpkhwpf;nfhs;tjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpNwhk;. ,d;iwa Nghuhl;l fl;lj;jpy;> ekJ Njrk; Xuzpapy; murpay; jpul;rp ngw;W>kf;fspd; Nghuhl;l gyj;jpy;> kf;fspd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpy; jkpoPo [dehaff; Fbauir epWtpLtjw;F [dehafg; gz;Gk;> rh;tNjr czh;Tk;> Nghh;f;Fzhk;rKk;> cah;khDl tpOkpaq;fSk; epiwe;j Nghuhl;l ghijapy; gazpg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. ,j;jifa ghijapy; Njrj;ij newpg;gLj;jp topelhj;jp nry;tjw;F njhlh;r;rpahd Gul;rpfu murpay; gpur;rhuk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.
ekJ kf;fspd; ehshe;j Nghuhl;l tho;tpypUe;Jk;> tuyhw;wp- ypUe;Jk; rh;tNjrg; Nghuhl;lq;fspd; mDgtq;fspypUe;Jk; gbg;gpidfis cs;thq;fp fw;Wf; nfhz;L mg;gbg;gpidfis kPs ekJ kf;fSf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;tjd; %ykhf Njrpa kw;Wk; r%f mstpyhd Gul;rpfu murpay; rpj;jhe;jj;ij ekJ Njrj;jpy; epWtpl jkpoPok; gj;jphpif thapyhf ehk; Kad;W tUfpNwhk;. ekJ Kaw;rpapy; ehk; ntw;wpaile;J tUtij thrfh;fshd jq;fsplkpUe;J tUk; fbjq;fs; %ykhfTk;> tha; %ykhfTk; ,d;Dk; gpwtopfspYk; fpilf;fg; ngWk; fUj;Jfs; ep&gpj;J tUfpd;wd.
,j;jifa ntw;wpahdJ> jkpoPoj;jpy; ,ufrpakhf nraw;gLk; Gul;rpfu fl;rpnahd;wpw;F mj;jid ,yFthf fpilf;fg;ngwf; $bajy;y. gy;NtW mopj;njhopg;Gfs;> [dehaf kWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; khw;Wf;fUj;Jf;fspd; ghy; rfpg;GzHtpd;ikfs; Nghd;w neUf;fbfis md;whlk;vjpHnfhz;lthW ehk; nraw;gl;L tUfpNwhk;.
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vkJ murpay; nraw;ghl;by; vkf;F jhh;kPf cw;rhfg;gLj;- jy;fis toq;fpAk;> gu];guk; Gul;rpfu murpay; mwnewpfSf;- fika tpkh;rd Ratpkh;rdq;fis ghpkhwpf;nfhz;Lk; vk;Kld; Njhs; Nrh;e;J gazpj;JtUk; “jkpoPo Gjpa [dehaff; fl;rp”iaAk; (Njrgf;jd;) ,j;jUzj;jpy; NjhoikAld; epidT $h;fpNwhk;.
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8
‘The Editor’ BM Box 4002 London. WC IN 3XX United Kingdom
tl mnkupf;f j;njhlHGfl;F : 300 Borough Dr., PO Box 47032 Scarborough,On. M1P 4ZP Canada
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INuhg;gpaj; njhlHGfl;F: ‘The Editor’ BM BOX 6769 LONDON WCI 3XX, U.K. Tel: 07041372064
jkpoPok; g ,yf;F N vd;gijapl
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Xahj mLj;JtU Kf;fpaj;J nra;tjw;fhd Kfth; tpy;] vr;rhpf;if Vfhjpgj;jp neUf;Fjy Nghuhl;lj;i ePz;l Nghuh ngw;Wf;nfh tiyf;Fs; e nfhz;L tu ehk; kpFe;J
ekJ N ghJfhj;j ek; Njrj cs;shw;wi fpsh;r;rpfs $l;Lg; gyj ghy];j kf;fs; Ng Vfhjpgj;j Kd;dhy; V thHj;ijf cyFf;F e
,j;ji Kd;dfh;jJ vOr;rpg; N JNuhfpfs gpujpepjpf Kd;ndLj ek;kidt njhptpj;J Nghuhl;lj fpsh;r;rpfs rhuNkw;WN kiya fpsk;gpapU ghijapy; k rpq;fs Nr kiyaf j rpq;fs ju  ;l ghijapy; ewpg;gLj;jp ; gpur;rhuk;
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jkpoPok; gj;jphpifapd; njhlh;r;rpahd Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; ,yf;F Nehf;fpa gazj;jpw;Fk; mbj;jskhAs;sJ vd;gijapl;L ngUkpjkilfpNwhk;.
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