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15 JUNE 1995
I do not agree with a word of what you say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.
...- Voltaire,
ISSN 0266-4488
Vol.XIV No.6 15 JUNE 1995
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CONTENTS
Delhi seeks Extradition of LT TE header. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Economic Plan discarded. . . . . . . 5
NeWS Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
The Suicidal Game of War and Peace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Question of Extradition & LTTE options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..18 On Understanding Self-Determination. . . . . . . . . . . 2O
A Vanishing Culture and Living in Slavery. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The Sub-Continental Scene. . . . 24
Tamil Nadu Newsletter. . . . . . . . 25
Major Offensive in Jaffna. . . . . . 26
Book Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Readers Forum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A Drean
Judging from the Tamil Tigers and from both the pea promises to be preceded. The de Within a matter of That is approxim: Conflicts around ti
One question th Sacrifice of this en Has your aim of re meaningful and pr short space of tim
it is reported the particularly in eas claim that they ha perimeter of the P. Atchuveli, in nOrt Several thousands
The governmet programme of at Countries to prose budget in January now been compel has been set up. With the IT TE b) hostilities and with has intensified its c that if the govern consequences for
The recent bur extremist element Civilians and a demonstrated the context of the ong who have taken u the Violence in the number who were atroCiOuS COmmun talking about the a
lt is evident tha Nalin de Silva and anti-government ni space to peddle til worse. Having rem, the currency of th Work of fanning th
The bleak and bl government's requ leader and two of h in the assassinatio have been raised í time. The internal Narasimha Rao in motivating factors. has at least been c request in a forma complicating fallo impossible of fulfil negotiations betwe nated.
The dream of all the Conflict has tu renewed vengeanc
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 3
Turning into A Nightmare
events since fighting resumed on April 19 between the government forces following the withdrawal of the LTTE ce process and the cessation of hostilities, Eelam War III more gruesome, grisly and ghastly than the two that ath toll on either side, including among innocent civilians, seven weeks has risen to a staggering figure of over 600. ately 85 human beings each week. By any standard of he world, that must surely be a record.
at must be asked from those who are responsible for the ormous number of human lives is a short and simple one: aching your declared goal been advanced one iota in any actical terms because of so many sacrifices made in such e? it the LTTE has exacted a heavy price against the military tern Sri Lanka. On the other hand, government forces ve advanced a further six or seven kilometres beyond the alaly Airbase and brought under its control another village, hern Jaffna which has resulted in the displacement of
of Tamil civilians in the ensuing battles. it has not made it a secret that it is engaging in a ms purchases. It is seeking assistance from foreign Cute the war effort. The government which cut its defence this year in the context of peace talks with the LTTE has ed to allocate additional funds. A National Defence Fund The government says that it is not necessary to discuss ecause the LT TE unilaterally broke the cessation of drew from peace process. On the other hand, the LTTE zampaign of recruitment of young Tamils. The LT TE states ment adopts a military option, it will have disastrous the whole country'.
ning of Scores of Tamil-owned shops orchestrated by S in the southern town of Galle following the killing of 42 3uddhist monk in the east allegedly by the Tigers sheer vulnerability of Tamils and their property in the oing conflict. It must be noted that the number of Tamils o residence in Colombo and its suburbs primarily due to northeast are estimated to be four times more than the living in July 1983 when they became victims of the most alconflagration in the island's history. People are already fanger of a repeat of the tragedy of July 1983.
extremist Chauvinist elements in the South of the ilk of Gamini Iriyagolle are gradually coming to the surface and ewspapers are only too willing to give them undeserved heir racist poison turning an already bad situation even lained powerless and irrelevant in the background during e peace process, they have now begun their diabolical 9 flames of communal discord and violence.
oody situation has been further complicated by the Indian test to the Sri Lankan government to extradite the LTTE is associates in connection with their alleged involvement in of Rajiv Gandhi, the former Indian Premier. Questions as to why New Delhi made the request at this moment in | squabbles and the problems facing Indian Premier the ruling Congress Party have been suggested as the Whether that is true or not, the Sri Lankan government :Onfronted with a situation in which it has to deal with the all and legal context of applicable extradition laws. The ut from the lindian request, however academic and lment it may be, in respect of any prospect of future ten the government and the LTTE cannot be underesti
those who wish to see a negotiated peaceful resolution of Irned into a nightmare as the fighting continues with 'e accompanied by an unprecedented degee of carnage.

Page 4
4 TAMIL TIMES
Delhi SeekS Extrad Of LTTE Leade
from Rita Sebastian, in Colombo
India has finally requested the extradition of Tamil Tiger leader Vellupillai Prabhakaran after a long period of weighing the political pros and cons.
It is being argued in some quarters, that Indian Prime Minister Narasimha Rao was virtually pushed to act following the recent interview given by Sri Lankan President, Chandrika Kumaratunge to an Indian news magazine where she accused Prabhakaran of "Killing Gandhi in cold blood'.
This raised temperatures in Delhi and 123 Congress Members of Parliament, in a demonstration of political loyalties and correctness, demanded the extradition of Prabhakaran.
Rao's hand was forced by another factor, namely the split in the Congress engineered by his former Minister, Arjun Singh, also clamouring for the extradition of the Tiger leader.
Narasimhao Rao was therefore, from all accounts, forced to defend his political flank. From then on events moved swiftly to 3 messengers arriving in Colombo, armed with a dossier and handing it over to the Sri Lankan Foreign Office.
The extensive documentation was the culmination of 4 years of investigative labour.
The question is, what now? Extradition is now, as it was before, merely an academic exercise since as the government itself admitted not long ago, Prabhakaran will first have to be apprehended. And how that can be done is the million dollar question.
Meanwhile as the war mongers enjoy a field day in the local press and on public platforms, the casualty toll in the current phase of the conflict keeps rising.
Although speculation was rife during the recent visits to Colombo of Australian Foreign Minister, Senator Gareth Evans, and Canadian Secretary of State for Asia Pacific, Raymond Chan, that they would try and mediate in the conflict, nothing concretre apparently was on offer. Senator Evans told the press that "Mediation was not on his
repertoire” and tha for internal resolu
But with the Ti stand that the during the last rol have to be met resume, mediatio prospect at the Foreign Minister gamar made it k interview that thi be carried into ti that the impress that the govern abdicate.
Notwithstandi statement, Pres Kumaratunga is not to give “The ra the go-ahead for offensive. She is hopes on the de that will appease for a separate ho land's northeast p
But there are s. will have to conti political package i Sinhala chauvini last elections, wil again to whip u sions. Besides the will demand equ arrangements in
Will winning 6 the Presidential e been interpreted peace be able to r will erupt, when d be discussed. F merged northeast be the twin bogey
What is neede time is a chang accommodation a One wants to see which President II had already clai lives.
Thondaman Un
Sauvmiamoor the 82-year-old Ceylon Workers and a member of cabinet sought ti
view in India com
er Vellupilai Pra dian leader Bh. saying he had onl

15 JUNE 1995
ition
r
it the conflict cried tion.
gers firm on their demands made (nd of negotiations before talks can n is an unlikely moment. Besides, Lakshman Kadirnown in a recent 2 war will have to he Tiger camp so on is not created ment is ready to
ng Kadirgamar's ident Chandrika still determined ring to go' military an all-out military still pinning her volution package the Tamil demand meland in the isprovinces.
o many factors she end with once the s made public. The sts, routed at the l raise their heads p communal pasMuslim minority ual power-sharing the northeast. 2% of the vote at lection, which has as a mandate for ide the storm that evolution comes to ederalism and a province seem to S. d at this point in e of attitudes, of nd compromise if an end to the war Kumaratunga said med over 50,000
der Attack
thy Thondaman, patriarch of the Congress (CWC), the Kumaratunga justify his interparing LTTE leadbhakaran with Inlgawat Singh by y the best interests
of both countries at heart.
During the 1983 communal violence in the island, he had prevented Tamil Nadu holding a hartal in support of the Sri Lankan Tamils because he "Did not want India's economy hurt.
Thondaman stuck to his statement that India was wrong in treating Prabhakaran as a common murderer. He says the ultimate decision must rest with the courts. Even in the case of Mahatma Gandhi it was the courts that determined the guilt of the assassin.
However Thondaman's legalistic reasoning hasn't convinced his critics in Sri Lanka. The Island newspaper in a stinging cartoon showed Thondaman, his feet firmly planted in South India, waving a banner which says "Prabhakaran is great. don't call him a murderer'.
The cartoon sums up the general impression, specially among some sections of the Sinhalese, that Thondaman is an apologist for Prabhakaran.
Thondaman was certainly used by former President Ranasinghe Premadasa as a political bridge with the LTTE, since he claimed he had friends on both sides of the racial divide.
But Premadasa's successor, President Dingiri Banda Wijetunga would have none of it. He was told firmly by Wijetunga that he would have no special privileges, and Thondaman's efforts to mediate between the government and the LTTE was shot down by Wijetunge.
Thondaman's relations with his new cabinet colleagues have not been entirely cordial either. The presence of his arch rival Chandrasekaran of the Upcountry People's Front in the cabinet has forced Thondaman to strike political postULTeS.
The latest controversy, specially the parliamentary rumpus in India is being gleefully reported by his detractors. They hope that Thondaman's frequent journeys to India will dwindle given the threat of black demonstrations against him.
One of his critics went as far as to say that Thondaman has no business to behave as a citizen of India too. 'We don't have dual citizenship with India neither will we tolerate dual loyalties'. Thondaman's statement coming just a week before the anniversary of Rajiv Gandhi's assassination, resulted in severe protests in the Indian parliament.

Page 5
15 JUNE 1995
Censorship Threat
Veiled threats at censoring the Sri Lankan press have been surfacing in the past few weeks. A threat given credence by President Chandrika Kumaratunga when she told the media recently that the government would have no alternative but to clamp down restrictions, unless the press acted responsibly.
Acting responsibly has different connotations for different people. For the Peoples Alliance government it seems to mean a selfcensorship in reporting the island's 12-year-old ethnic conflict. Today, when everybody not only in the urban centres but in the villages as well, are tuned in to foreign radio networks, specially the BBC, censorship has little meaning.
Sometimes foreign reporting gets distorted and truth becomes a casualty. Wouldn't it be better then to have the local media report what is happening on its own doorstep?
In her tirade against the media, the press in particular, the President castigated, by inference, The Sunday Times group of newspapers owned by Ranjith Wijewardene, an uncle of Opposition Leader Ranil Wickremesinghe and the Island group of newspapers manage by her uncle Dr. Sivali Ratwatte, as the villains of the piece.
Both newspaper groups were no favourites of former President Ranasinghe Premadasa either. At different times they came in for harsh censure by Premadasa. So neither of them can be suspected of a hidden agenda to destabilise the People's Alliance government.
Every government has its hurrah boys, and the Kumaratunga government is no exception having cultivated, when in opposition, its own coterie of supportive mediamen.
But it cannot take for granted independent professionals who will no matter which side takes the top slot, goes about its business of informing its readers.
Surprised at the President's collision course with the press is Dr. Sarath Amunugama, a former Director of Information and an internationally known communications scholar.
Frankly I did not expect her to respond in this way. She is a sophisticated lady who has experience of how the media works in a liberal democratic environment. She was trained as a journalist in Le Monde
which is reckone, newspaper' says
But the Presi press has surpr tuals as well. S was the media from the politica highest seat in t charismatic Cha ga that the medi her the new mesi them from 17 and the abuse of
What then we and the media analyst puts it, s self with the “v began to physic distance her fro excellent rapport media quickly e began to see a di tive media, exce
Eco
The fresh outbre government force gers and the pros in defence spendir Sri Lankan gover, vive the island’s ec analysts in Colom
Before the fight April, the prospe ing. A truce was activity was slow war-torn north a and local invest rising.
The governme. large budget def lenge facing the ec to 7.5 percent of from 10 percent in every effort to g government expel ing wasteful spen fiscal accounta Kumaratunga tolc at Paris in April. had already resur “But security relat turn out to be unp
Donors, especial have already expr the budget defici welfare programm the poor. The defi rupees last year, than the previous
The situation is

TAM TIMES 5
as an independent Amunugama.
ent's war with the ised other intellecurprised because it that brought her l wilderness to the he land. It was the ldrika Kumaratuna idolised, seeing in iah that would free ears of corruption power'.
nt wrong with her
As one political he surrounded herVrong people' who ally and mentally m the media. The , she had with the vaporated and she eliberately destrucot the government
controlled press, all set to destabilise her government.
Of course it cannot be denied that a section of the press minutely scrutimised her private life, even going to the extent of saying where she dined and with whom she dined and on what she dined, sometimes directed at embarrassing her. What President Kumaratunga should have done is to ignore, not react.
The intense debate as to how the media should handle the "war" has generated different viewpoints. But the majority believe that the country must be told, not military strategy, but the long-term political strategies to end the conflict.
President Chandrika Kumaratunga needs the support of the media to help her through the difficult months ahead when the northeast conflict escalates. It is now time to call a truce.
nomic Plan Derailed
ak of war between s and the Tamil Tipect of an escalation ng have derailed the nment's plans to re'onomy, according to bo.
ting broke out on 19 its looked encourag
in effect, economic ly returning to the nd east and foreign or confidence was
nt hoped that the cit, the main chalonomy, would be cut the GDP this year 1994. We will make enerate savings in diture by eliminatding and tightening bility”, President i Sri Lanka’s donors But as the fighting ned, she cautioned. ed expenditure will redictable”.
ly the World Bank, assed concern about , and spending on es and subsidies for cit was 49.5 billion 45 percent higher year.
now back to square
one. The budget was based on the premise of peace and reduced defence expenditure. Now the equation will change with additional expenditure for
military requirements. The island spends about $500 million, or 15 percent of its annual budget, on defence related expenditure.
The Tigers have destroyed two navy gunboats and shot down two transport aircraft, using surface-to-air missiles for the first time, depleting Sri Lanka's already tiny air and naval fleets. If the war is to be prosecuted, not only is there a need to replace lost equipment, but also to buy more and especially weapons to counter the anti-aircraft missiles', a defence analyst in Colombo lamented.
The government could anticipate looking at a deficit of nine percent of GDP. There would be huge increases in defence spending and no prospect of revenue increasing this year. To raise money, the government would probably issue more Treasury Bills, rather than print notes and inflame already high inflation. But this would mean interest rates going up and then people moving away from equities. The stock market's all share index has fallen almost 20 percent since the truce was broken. The prime lending rate at present is 17.7 percent. Increased interest rates would in turn discourage entrepreneurs who already have to pay dearly to borrow money for their ventures, a Colombo economist noted.

Page 6
6 TAMIL TIMES
NEWS REVIEW
The Press versus The Government
A war of words has broken out between the Upali Newspaper Group owned by Seevali Ratwatte, and the defence ministry of which the State Minister is Anurudha Ratwatte. Incidentally, both the Ratwattes are brothers of the country's Prime Minister Mrs. S. Bandaranaike and mater
nal uncles of President Mrs. Kumar- .
atunga. Seevali Ratwatte would appear to have lost all love for his brother and his niece.
It all began when the Sinhaleselanguage Divaina and the Englishlanguage The Island, both owned by Upali Newspapers, recently published stories that food supplies to armed forces in military camps located in northern Sri Lanka had been disrupted and stocks were running low.
Divaina said the military had been "trapped' and surrounded by the LTTE at the massive Palaly air base in the north. It said the Air Force had cancelled regular supply flights of fresh fruit, vegetables and meat to Palaly after the Tigers shot down two Air Force planes there.
The defence ministry accused the newspapers of the Upali Group of distorting facts and putting out alarmist reports to undermine the military's war effort. The stories prompted the defence ministry to divulge for the first time what food the camps had and how long stocks would last. It said fresh vegetables were not getting through that they were being grown in the camp grounds.
"There is generally no tradition anywhere in the world of divulging the food stocks available at an army camp', the ministry said in a statement on 11 May. But in order to show how shamefully wrong the misleading story in today's Divaina is, we shall depart from that tradition and disclose the amount of dry rations available'. It listed the camps and how long food stocks would last.
Sri Lankan newspapers enforced strict self-censorship under the former United National Party government whose 17-year reign was ended in August by the People's Alliance of President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga. Journalists criticising the government or publishing unpalatable reports were often harassed, beaten and sometimes even killed. The government sometimes withheld newsprint from errant newspapers.
,, .۔ ع،. ع: ... ..*.&*.مہر;ہ۔%x-:۔ ? ۔
Since Mrs. Kuma er, promising press papers have given freedom full rein veloped reputatio even fabricating, st sensational at th truth, according to nalists in Colombo. go out of the way about the Presider minute detail as t whom she spent til she wore and ate et attitude of total ho dent and the gover.
Standing by its newspaper said, 'V duty to keep our rea of developments in tion'.
The Island said, war. We demand, people, that the gov unequivocal and un ing with the dange often have the autl a state of torporar terrorists are curr sive and have the i
The Upali Grou from the beginning of the President'ss the peace process with the LTTE. TI ticular has adopt Buddhist chauvin prominence in its anti-Tamil writers.
Speaking at th National Informati nalists, the Presid newspapers on 28 age of news and ste and related matt scribed as irresp( "We take the war s and the media shou ble role. Trying to secrets is advantag If the newspapers ( in a manner whi national interest at national crisis, the have to take note a sary action', said did not elaborate that might be, but she was hinting a she said, 'We have any kind of restric Please do not comp
Alluding to the f nalist Richard de President Premac abducted from hi. night by police offic body was found th on a beach, the P

15 JUNE 1995
ratunga took powfreedom the newstheir newly found Some have deis for distorting, ries to play up the expense of the some foreign jourSome newspapers to publish stories t's private life in where and with he evenings, what c. They display an tility to the Presi
ment she heads.
reports, the Upali We conceive it our ders well-informed the security situa
“We do not preach on behalf of the ernment should be ambiguous in dealr that we face. Too horities drifted into d somnolence. The ently on the offennitiative'. up of newspapers, , have been critical tategy in respect of and her dealings ne Divaina in pared a pro-Sinhalaist stance giving columns to known
e opening of the on Centre for jourent lashed out at May over the coverories about the war ers which she densible journalism. ituation seriously, ld play a responsianalyze military ous to the enemy. ontinue to behave h is not in the this time of grave government will nd consider neceshe President. She as to what action observers thought censorship when esisted bringing in ion on the media. el us to do it”. te that befell jourZoysa who, during asa's regime, was home at dead of ars and whose dead following morning 'esident said "This
government will not indulge in the killing of journalists and drop their dead bodies from helicopters into the sea. She complained that the newspapers distorted and twisted the news on the war, revealed military secrets or mocked her government for publishing its strategy. Decrying the practice of military commanders revealing secrets to the media, she asked as to which country in the world, when it was at war, revealed its war or peace strategy as demanded by certain sections of the media. Part of the motive for some journalists might be to fan emotions among Sri Lanka's majority Sinhalese, she said.
On The Military Front
The casualties of Eelam War III have been mounting daily to alarming numbers as fighting continued between government forces and the Tamil Tigers into the second month. Even a short respite seems to be out of the question now that the President has ruled out any talks with the Tamil Tigers.
In her televised address on 22 May, President Mrs. Kumaratunga said, "The LTTE has unilaterally decided to call off the truce and they are against our political solution. Therefore it is not necessary to talk to them about it'. The government would discuss the peace proposals with other parties and seek a solution with or without the LTTE, she added.
The LTTE also has threatened "disastrous consequences' if its conditions were not met and if the government adopted a military option. LTTE's official English fortnightly Insight Report carried in its latest issue an editorial titled "Doors for Peace are Still Open", urging the government to lift all the bans, restrictions, sanctions and blockades imposed on the north.
"If the day-to-day problems are resolved to the satisfaction of the LTTE and the Tamil people, the LTTE would negotiate with the government a political solution to the ethnic problem'. "But if the government abandons the policy of peace and peaceful resolution of the conflict and adopts a military option it will have disastrous consequences for the entire country, the editorial said.
The indications now are that the war will be bloodier than before and long drawn. The government has placed the country on a war footing with a supplementary budget to be presented in parliament soon. The -allocation for defense in 1994 which stood at 540 million US dollars was drastically cut by government in anticipation of a negotiated peace. Now

Page 7
15 JUNE 1995
the government has found it necessary to restore the cut and believes it may need even a larger allocation.
The government is not seeking to conceal the fact that it is seeking to obtain aircraft, tanks, gunboats, antimissile systems and an assortment of weapons from other countries. Minis
ters have confirmed that they have -
received positive responses. New Delhi has confirmed that its Navy is already patrolling its southern coastal waters to prevent any 'smuggling activities'.
As the fighting escalates, the United States confirmed that it was considering a Sri Lankan request for material support. The US Assistant Secretary of State, Robin Rafael said that equipment such as barges that could help re-supply military bases might be sent. US policy forbids the supply of lethal war material to Sri Lanka.
The body count during the first four weeks since fighting resumed following the LTTE's withdrawal from the truce on 19 April exceeded 400, according to figures released by the government and military sources. The military said on 16 May that 181 LITTE men had been killed and about 250 injured since April 19. A Defence Ministry statement said the figure had been confirmed by rebel radio transmissions monitored by the military. It said the largest number, 61, had been killed in the eastern Trincomalee district where clashes had been the most frequent and fierce.
While the military has not released the exact number of its casualties, by the beginning of the second week of June, it is estimated that as many as around 250 security forces personnel have been killed, including about 100 who were killed when the Tigers shot down two air force planes last month. According to informed sources, the Tigers have suffered an equal number of casualties and the civilian casualties were put at approximately 95.
Military reports claimed that at least 60 LTTE cadres were killed in a massive combined operation launched by troops on 12 May in the jungles near Kokkaddicholai in the eastern district of Batticaloa. Fierce fighting erupted when troops sought to corner LTTE in the jungles. In the ensuing battle nine soldiers were also killed and many injured. The army claimed that two LTTE camps and several bunkers were destroyed in the offensive. On the same day, in a separate encounter, LTTE cadres attacked an army patrol at Namalgama in the Polonnaruwa district, killing four soldiers.
Two hundred Tiger cadres ambushed an army patrol near the
eastern port of T and shot all 13 attack occurred the northernm road near thesmi li, about 25 km Trincomalee, ambushed and number of Tige claimed that tro heavy artillery fin which LTTE cadı follow-up patrols believed to be fr but no bodies. In troops attacked Cheddikulam neɛ of Vavuniya kill defence ministry
In the northern 16 May, troops fir an explosion ahe defence line, kill seriously injuring ministry said.
LTTE cadres la attack on 16 Ma Pass military bas two soldiers. He eight wounded Elephant Pass ca attack by anti-air
Troops and tan lery moved forwa expand the perime Palaly air base in la. A military spo soldiers, includin fered minor wou by two infantry b: the camp perimet kilometres (tw approaching aircr the range of L weapons. Troops 1 from the Tigers du fighting. At the s there was a lot of a lot of mortar vacated the area'. claimed that at le killed in the enc dents said about 1 in nearby villages the operation.
Security forces Colombo on 18 M attacks by the Ti were checking sh Colombo for expl gence agents repou attack the harbou ombo reports.
“We have streng have mounted pat based on intelliger ble attacks”, a nav pondents. He said ching the entire po

TAMLTMES 7
ncomalee on 15 May soldiers dead. The ut Kumburpiddy on st army-controlled ll town of Kuchcave(16 miles) north of fter the soldiers killed an unknown cadres. The army ops responded with 2 into the jungle into as had fled and that found pools of blood, m LTTE casualties, a separate incident, a Tiger hideout in r the northern town ng five cadres, the said. Jaffna peninsula on 2d "in the direction of ad of their forward ing two rebels and three, the defence
unched an overnight ly on the Elephant in the north killing licopters evacuated soldiers from the mp braving possible craft missiles.
ks, backed by artilurd on 18/19 May to eter of their northern the Jaffna peninsukesman said that 13 g two officers, sufnds in the operation attalions to push out er by at least three o miles) so that aft would be beyond TTE's anti-aircraft met fierce resistance uring the first hour of tart of the operation 'esistance. there was fire but then they , he said. The army 2ast 50 Tigers were ounter. Jaffna resi5,000 families living s were displaced by
went on full alert in ay for possible sea gers. Navy frogmen lips in the port of osives after intellirted alleged plans to r, according to Col
thened security and rols outside the port hce reports of possiy official told corresthe navy was searrt area and officials
containers were searched for explosives.
According to reports from Colombo, the information regarding possible attack in the harbour allegedly came frofm members of "Black Tiger' suicide squads arrested in Colombo. Police sources said areas under threat included the central Fort area, Galle Face esplanade, Pettah Bazaar and army and naval headquarters, all within a kilometre (half a mile) of the coast.
The police set up more checkpoints around the city, and hundreds of Tamils have been taken into custody on suspicion. Deputy Defence Minister Anurudha Ratwatte said, 'Meticulous attention has been given to the defence of the city of Colombo', he added, "All precautions have been taken to reinforce security with a view to preventing untoward incidents of any kind'.
The fear of LTTE attack of vessels in the Colombo harbour resulted in the diversion of arriving small vessels to the southern port of Galle.
The LTTE attacked a military observation post near the Elephant Pass military camp in the north on 19 May killing six soldiers, a senior military officer admitted. He said 14 soldiers were wounded in the attack.
Jaffna residents said 15 civilians were wounded on 21 May when their bus came under shell fire from Palaly. Shelling from naval gunboats and bases located in the north continued in Jaffna allegedly to restrict movements by Tiger cadres. However, according to reports from Jaffna many civilians have been injured or killed as a result of indiscriminate shelling.
At least 27 soldiers were killed on 23 May when LTTE cadres ambushed forty soldiers who were engaged in mine clearing operations along roads and attacked them with rocketpropelled grenades and machine-guns at Vakarai in eastern Sri Lanka. The troops returned fire, and according to military spokesman Lt. Col. S. Handapangoda 20 LTTE cadres were killed. On the previous night, Tigers fired gunshots and hurled grenades at two police stations in the Batticaloa district and in the ensuing battle two civilians were killed, and 25 civilians and three policemen were injured, according to officials.
On 24 May Tigers attacked a bus carrying 25 passengers including police commandos at Thalankuda near Batticaloa in the east killing two STF police commandos and three civilian women. Three other commandos
Continued on page 8

Page 8
8 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 7
travelling in the bus and 12 other passengers were injured.
On 25 May, the Tigers massacred 42 villagers in Kallaru, a fishing hamlet in the eastern Trincomalee district. They also shot dead a leading Buddhist priest and long-time critic of the LTTE, who has been responsible for promoting many Sinhalese settlements bordering Tamil areas.
On 27 May night, army commandos killed 10 Tiger cadres, including two area leaders, during jungle fighting in the northeastern Weli Oya area, a military spokesman said. Five army commandos were wounded in the clash.
Military spokesman Captain Thilak Senanayake claimed that the Tiger cadres were killed in a shootout with troops on 27 May in the jungles at Anandakulam in the northeast and that no soldiers were killed in the clash.
Tigers killed at least 23 soldiers when they attacked and overran an isolated military camp at Tharavikulam in the eastern Batticaloa district on the night of 28 May and the air force sent helicopters and warplanes to protect the surviving soldiers of the 200 strong garrison forced to flee into the nearby jungles. At dawn, several hours after the attack, government helicopter gunships and warplanes bombed the jungles, and artillery shelled the area.
In another attack on the same day, the Tigers destroyed a communications tower in north central Vavuniya early cutting off the district's communications. "They blew up the tower with time bombs at around 2.30am', a military spokesman said.
Military spokesman claimed on 30 May that the troops had killed 49 Tiger guerrillas in ambushes in the eastern jungles over the previous few days. The cadre dead in one ambush in the Pulmoddai area on 27 May included a Tiger holding the rank of lieutenant colonel and five with the rank of major. A Defence Ministry statement said that troops had killed six Tigers in a search and clear operation near Pooneryn in the north.
42 Civilians and Monk Killed
LTTE cadres killed 42 civilians on the night of 25/26 May in an attack on the fishing village of Kallaru. Reports stated Tiger cadres opened fire on Kallaru located north of Trincomalee in the east, where about 65 Sinhalese and Muslim families lived in huts.
According to sur and 300 membe approached Kallar a small local arm the village. Howev was deserted as the had reportedly gon One survivor told tional that the LT walked into the vill doors. When peop were shot at closer killed are at least children. The atta At the end of it reportedly ransack set them on fire.
Meanwhile, 40 m Kallaru, Kithalaga ara, commonly kn( gala Priest' after known critic of th encouraged Sinhala east, was shot de; near his temple.
Amnesty Interna the massacre at Ka beginning of renev armed civilians ha by another report LTTE members priest known for them.
The Internationa Red Cross (ICRC) c laru killings. "ICRC bodies of 42 civili women and young ( during the night batants', it said in ICRC strongly con on civilian target which are in cont most basic rules of
The European strongly condemne civilians by Tamil the rebels to open p Sri Lanka governu issued by France, rotating EU presid LTTE's first delibe civilians in three solutely condemne killing of a Buddh day. The EU strong to open political possible with the ities.
This is the first have attacked civi fighting, although civilian killings i Tamil political ar feel that the Tig tactics and are ta eastern Sri Lanka ment troops from Sinhalese and Mu east. And some e

15 JUNE 1995
ivors, between 200 rs of the LTTE and first attacked camp situated in er, the army camp 55 soldiers present 2 out on operations. Amnesty InternaTE members then age and knocked on le came out they ange. Among those 12 women and six ck lasted all night. , LTTE members ed the houses and
tiles to the south of ma Siri Seelalankwn as the "Dibulahis temple, and a Le LTTE and who colonisation in the ad with his driver
tional concern that laru may mark the ved attacks on uns been heightened
on 26 May that killed a Buddhist his stand against
l Committee of the ondemned the Kal} delegates saw the lans, among them children, massacred by armed com
a statement. The demns any attack s and population, radiction with the human behaviour'.
Jnion on 29 May d the killing of 42 Tigers and urged eace talks with the ment. A statement which holds the ncy, saidit was the rate attack against rears. The EU “rel' it, as well as the st monk the same ly urged the LTTE talks as soon as Sri Lanka author
ime that the Tigers ians in the current they had resorted to n the past. Some alysts in Colombo ers have changed geting civilians in
to divert governhe north to protect slims living in the en assert that the
Tigers want to incite an anti-Tamil violent backlash in south Sri Lanka to attract international sympathy for the "Tamil cause'.
"The LTTE wants to divert troops to protect the border villages so that they will be spread thin on the ground in the north', said political columnist Dharmaratnam Sivaram. “When civilians in border areas are attacked, the government will react to the political sensitivity of the issue rather than in terms of a military strategy. The fact that the priest was a specific target shows that the Tigers are going about this with a certain aim in mind', he said.
"The LTTE will attack more soft targets in the east. If the government has to concentrate on protecting the east, then it will be easier for the LTTE to fight the army in the north', said Suresh Premachandran of the Eelam Peoples Revolutionary Liberation Front, a Tamil political party.
Military officers said that the LTTE may be trying to provoke a backlash against the Tamil minority community by the majority Sinhalese. "Taking the attack on the village and the killing of the priest together, the Tigers may be trying to create another July 1983 situation. Then they can gain world sympathy which is now against them', a senior military officer said.
The Movement for Inter-Racial Justice and Equality (MIRJE) in a statement condemned the LTTE for the massacre of 42 Sinhalese villagers, including women and children. It also decried the killing of the Buddhist monk.
MIRJE also said it had received reports of armed forces burning civilian homes and forcing Tamils to act as walking mine detectors. And it further denounced the reported killing in the east of five Muslim civilians by the army on May 6.
*MIRJE wants to remind both parties to the conflict that international humanitarian law and principles prohibit attacks on civilians and other inhuman and cruel treatment of civilians caught in conflict situations, irrespective of their ethnicity', said the statement.
MIRJE also urged the lifting of the government embargo on essential goods to the north to relieve unnecessary hardships. "We also appeal to the government to go beyond the LTTE and to place its proposals for a political solution before the people of Sri Lanka, it said, adding the conflict could not be solved by military means.

Page 9
15 JUNE 1995
Extradition Request
Government and non-government circles in Colombo were surprised when India formally asked Sri Lanka on 3 June to arrest and extradite Velupillai Pirabakaran, the leader of the LTTE, and two of his top associates, in connection with the assassination of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi on 21 May 1991.
The extradition request follows a petition signed by over one hundred Indian MPs demanding the government of Indian Prime Minister Narasimha Rao to make such a request from Colombo. Observers in New Delhi say that the Indian government’s move was motivated more by domestic compulsions. Mr. Rao is facing a major crisis in the ruling Indian Congress Party which has been racked by internal factional feuds. In this context, with such a large number of his own party MPs demanding the LTTE leader's extradition, Mr. Rao had no alternative, the observers say.
Cabinet Minister P. Chidambaram told the Indian Parliament that a special messenger had been despatched to Colombo carrying papers to seek the extradition of Pirabakaran and his two associates. The Minister acknowkedged the difficulties of the Sri Lankan government to comply with New Delhi's extradition request and of bringing LTTE leader and his associates to trial in India.
The authorities in Sri Lanka informed India's Central Bureau of Investigation earlier this year that the absconding accused were in Jaffna where there was no civil administration and no inquiries could be conducted', he said.
Mr. Chidambaram said that, nevertheless, an Indian special court trying 26 people for Gandhi's murder had granted fresh non-bailable warrants of arrest against the said three accused for their apprehension and extradition to India, The court has declared Prabhakaran and his two associates as absconders.
The Indian High Commission in Colombo and the Sri Lankan Foreign Ministry confirmed that the request had been lodged with Sri Lanka's authorities.
A Foreign Ministry spokesman said the government would process the extradition request in accordance with law, and the Attorney General would take appropriate action. He said the documents submitted by the Indian government would be handed over to the Defence Ministry, which handled issues of extradition. He also said it was too early to comment on the outcome of the request and that if
needed the gover more supportive the Indian author
Tamil circles ir the extradition re lhi has added furt any chance of a n of the ethnic conf In any case, they will have little p. that the Sri Lanka never be able to ta into custody as the in the areas unde nor will he and themselves to be they will bite th (which they carry they face any da tured.
Meanwhile repo Indian navy has along the count coast in a bid to sh supply routes to n The navy has been 300 vessels a day searating India ar sure they are not c cargo to Tamil r Admiral Prem Vir saying.
Red CrO. Hit by
A cargo vessel bel national Committe (ICRC), carrying 1 near the army cont esanturai in the peninsula on 3 J was missing, pr three other me Indonesian crew v ing to a spokesma
It is generally th was laid by the LT belonging to the g and out of the KKS vessel was never th
The 38-metre (1. chartered by the regular run from 1 (125 miles) down Trincomalee, was security checks at esanturai when it
There was an about to turn into damaging the fro Cross field coor Henry told news called the Sea Dan people including o) and a U.N. High Refugees official, three injured cri taken to the nearb treatment.

TAM L TIMES 9
nment may ask for locumentation from ities.
Colombo feel that quest from New Deher complications to gotiated settlement ict with the Tigers. say that the request actical meaning in un authorities would ke the LTTE leader ir writ does not run r the LTTE control, his associates allow
captured alive as le cyanide capsule
always) no sooner nger of being cap
rts indicate that the
intensified patrols ry's southernmost ut down clandestine orthern Sri Lanka. stopping more than
in the Palk Strait ld Sri Lanka to enarrying contraband ebels, Indian ViceDas was quoted as
SS Vessel | Mine
onging to the Interee of the Red Cross 2 people hit a mine rolled port of Kanknorthern Jaffna une. One crewman sumed dead, and nbers of the allvere injured, acordn for the ICRC.
ought that the mine TE aimed at vessels overnment going in port, and the ICRC eir intended target. 25-feet) utility vesel, Red Cross for the Point Pedro 200 km the east coast to about to undergo the port of Kankhit the mine. 2xplosion as it was the port, seriously nt of the hull, Red linator Dominique papers. The vessel, cer, was carrying 12 he Red Cross official Commissioner for Henry said. The w members were y Palaly air base for
"This is the first time one of our ships has hit a mine, as far as I know', Henry said. "We must seek further security guarantees', he said, adding that he did not know whether or not it was a LTTE mine the vessel hit.
The Red Cross has run regular relief missions to the Tiger-controlled north and back, ferrying the injured, drugs, food and other cargo. According to agency reports Red Cross relief missions are temporarily suspended until security can be assured.
Meanwhile the LTTE is reported to have refused to give Red Cross vessels safe passage to the KKs port, a Red Cross official said on 11 June.
"We're not going to enter the Kankesanturai navy harbour with civilians on board as the LTTE refuses to give us security guarantees when entering or leaving the harbour', Paul Fruh, deputy head of the ICRC delegation in Sri Lanka said.
CRC vessels taking food and passengers between Jaffna and the northeastern port of Trincomalee undergo navy checks at Kankesanturai. The LTTE had said that they could no longer guarantee the safety of boats flying the ICRC flag entering or leaving Kankesanturai, Fruh said. The ICRC plans to negotiate with the navy to ensure checks can be done at Trincomalee or outside Kankesanturai, Fruh said.
The ferry service between Jaffna and Trincomalee will be suspended from 12 June as the ICRC had withdrawn its escort, according to a government official. The ferry Ngaroma plies between Jaffna and Trincomalee three times a month and is used by Jaffna residents, especially the sick, as all land routes between the peninsula and the mainland have been cut by fighting.
The Sri Lankan navy was reported to be looking for mines off the northern coast following the fate of the ICRC vessel.
Tamil Shops Burned Down
Fears of a repeat of the July 1983 anti-Tamil violence gripped the population as at least 23 shops and boutiques belonging to Tamils and Muslims were burned down during the night of 2 June in a resurgence of communal violence in Sri Lanka's southern port city of Galle, about 140 kilometres south of Colombo. As the fire swept through the city, even some shops belonging to the Sinhalese were burnt.
In apparent retaliation to the killing
Continued on page 10

Page 10
10 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 9
of 42 Sinhala civilians in the eastern province and a well known 78-year-old Buddhist monk, Kithalagama Siri Seelalankara known as the Dimbulagala Priest', who was shot dead near his temple in Polonnaruwa district, and on the evening of the monk's funeral, extremist violent elements went about the city on a rampage setting fire to Tamil owned shops. One police post was also burned down.
Following the arson attack, Tamil residents and shop keepers fled to take refuge in temples and school buildings. A 12-year-old girl died on the night of 4 June when arsonists set fire to at least nine homes of Estate Tamils on a tea estate in Elpitiya in the Galle district.
The government promptly clamped down a curfew and rushed reinforcements to contain the violence from spreading to other areas. Particularly in the capital city of Colombo and its suburbs where an estimated 200,000 Tamils live, security was tightened with thousands of troops from the army and navy being deployed on each and every road.
President Mrs. Kumaratunga in condemning the arson attack on Tamil shops accused opposition conspirators' of inciting the violence and of planning to plunge the country into a July 1983 type of communal conflagration. She promised to take strong action against those who planned and participated in the violence.
Academics Disappointed Over Breakdown of Truce
A large number of Sri Lankan academics employed abroad have expressed profound disappointment over the breakdown of the cessation of hostilities between the Government and the LTTE.
They also have unequivocally condemned the "military calculation' that appears to have guided the LTTE's decision to break the truce.
The full text of their communique is as follows:
'We, the undersigned, are profoundly disappointed by the breakdown of the cessation of hostilities (COH) between the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE. We saw the major initiative taken by the Peoples Alliance administration in meeting the voters' mandate and creating an atmosphere in which a lasting peace could be negotiated as an enormously welcome move. We were heartened by the initial response of the LTTE and also, importantly, all sections of the Sri Lankan polity. The
Sri Lankan peopl desire for peace.
It is then ext that the LTTE cl break the COHle to the loss of hund re-imposition of hardships on the East.
"We unequivoca defensible militar appears to have decision to break condemn the unc tion offered by th logists for the LT LTTE’s anti-dem the people's aspira
The LTTE Shol confuse short-term the possibility of solution to the etl the LTTE to recog to shift the deb strategy to the alte rams that can mee Tamil people for and democracy. bitterly from the nantly civilians w victims in a spirall
Similarly we col al forces in the Sou tion against the attack with full sc Tamil people. The tion of a crucial distinction betwe tions and the ju Tamil people.
We urge also th thing possible to e medical supplies the North; surely, nitarian aid shoul on the state of m tween the LTTE a
Notwithstandin sion to resume ht few months the East have clearly sire for peace. Int PA to fulfil its el bringing about a solution to the eth ing its proposed the people of Sri will open the door discussion among munities to collec institutional arra with democracy. that the LTTE r the Tamil people : national discussic tion.
The following tories to the abov
Prof. Stanley

15 JUNE 1995
I made clear their
2mely unfortunate ose to unilaterally ding in recent days eds of lives, and the
war's inevitable eople of the North
ly condemn the iny calculation that guided the LTTE's the COH; we also onvincing justifica: international apo'E in defence of the cratic rejection of tions for peace.
ld not once again military gains with btaining a military nic crisis. We urge hize the urgent need ate from military rnate political progit the just call of the inter-ethnic justice As we have learnt past it is predomiho would end up as ing cycle of violence.
ndemn those politicth who urge retaliaLTTE's military ale war against the re should be recogniethical and political en the LTTE's acst struggles of the
at the IPA do everynsure that food and reach the people of the right to humad not be contingent ilitary relations bend the armed forces. g the LTTE's decistilities, in the last eople of the Northexpressed their dehis light we urge the actoral mandate for ust and democratic nic crisis by presentpolitical program to anka. We hope this to public debate and all the three comively determine the ngements for peace We urge moreover spect the wishes of nd participate in the n of a political solu
re among the signa2 statement:
Tambiah, Harvard
University, Prof. Gananath Obeyesekere, Princeton University, Prof. Valentine Daniel, University of Michigan, Prof. Kumar David, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Prof. C. Manoharan, University of Wisconsin, Parkside, Prof. Rajini Obeyesekere, Princeton University, Prof. Jonathan Walters, Whitman College, Prof. David Scott, University of Chicago, Prof. C.R. De Silva, Indiana State University, Prof. Henry Steiner, Harvard Law School, Oadri Ismail, Columbia University, S. Nanthikesan, Harvard University, Arjun Guneratne, University of Chicago, Kumanan Nesiah, University of Rochester, Sumi Kailasapathy, New School of Social Research, Pradeep Jeganathan, University of Chicago, Janice R. Fine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Milan Rodrigo, Cornell University, Farzana Haniffa, Mt. Holyoke College, Malathi de Alwis, University of Chicago, Vasuki Nesiah, Harvard Law
School, Asha Abeysekera, Mt. Holyoke College, Sonali Perera, Columbia University, Anif Rupasinghe, Texas A & M University, Nalin Jayasena, University of California, Riverside, Ameena Nalim, Texas A &k M University.
European Parliament on Arms Sales and Breakdown of Peace Process
The European Parliament in a resolution adopted recently strongly urged the European Union and its member states to tighten controls over the sale of arms and to prevent arms from reaching the LTTE and similar organisations.
The European Parliament also called on the Governments of SAARC nations and nations of the Indian Ocean region to exert pressure on the LTTE to return to the negotiating table.
It urged all member nations to use all political and economic measures to support the Sri Lankan Government's effort to revive the peace process and to improve the application of human rights legislation and called on the Commission to increase the cooperation with the Sri Lankan Government's effort to revive the peace process and to improve the application of human rights legislation and called on the Commission to increase the co-operation with the Sri Lankan Government under the recently conducted agreement and to give all the support needed to bring about peace and reconciliation.
The text of the resolution is as follows:

Page 11
15 JUNE 1995
The European Parliament is deeply concerned at the breakdown of the negotiations between the democratically-elected Government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE, which were aimed at resolving the long-standing conflict in Sri Lanka.
Whereas the elections of 16 August and 9 November 1994 won by Mrs. Chandrika Kumaratunga were free, impartial and correct, and whereas her accession to the Presidency was marked by her personal commitment to launch direct negotiations with the LTTE to offer greater devolution of power from the central government and the strengthening of the protection of human rights, and to stress that all the citizens of Sri Lanka should retain their ethnic, religious and linguistic identities.
Deploring the LTTE's unilateral breach of the ceasefire proclaimed by President Kumaratunga on 8 January 1995 and shocked that, in LTTE attacks on Sri Lankan naval vessels in Trincomalee harbour on 19 April, the destruction by missiles of two Air Force transport planes on 28 and 29 April and other attacks on both military and civilian targets, most recently in the district of Amparai and Vavuniya, 300 new victims have been added to the 30,000 who have perished since the armed campaign of the LTTE began in the 1970s.
Recalling that, of the several Tamil militant groups which had earlier conducted an armed struggle for a separate Tamil-speaking state, only the LTTE had refused at that time to give up armed struggle and pursue peace negotiations.
Gravely concerned by the oppression of those Tamils who do not support the LTTE in the LTTE-controlled areas such as the Jaffna Peninsula.
Whereas the Presidency, acting on behalf of the European Union, condeInned the LTTE's attacks at Trincomalee and referred to the need for a peaceful resolution of the conflict in Sri Lanka in its declaration of 21 April 1995 on Sri Lanka.
Recalling its resolutions on the situation in Sri Lanka, especially that of 22 April 1994,
Condemns the actions of the LTTE in withdrawing from the peace negotiations and unilaterally breaking the ceasefire with un provoked acts of vio
ence;
Considers that the reasons put forward by the LTTE for breaking off the negotiations with the Government of Sri Lanka demonstrate an underlying reluctance by the LTTE to enter into a constructive dialogue;
Stresses the risk tion of the peace neg to a further escalat and calls on both sic resume negotiatio allow for a new ce. and the resumptio) supplies to the Jaffn
Stresses to the S. ment the need to av retaliation against c willing to negotiate Tamil organisations port the LTTE;
Calls on the Europ Members States to u economic means to Lanka government's the peace process ar application of huma tion; calls on the C crease its co-operat. Lankan Governmen cently concluded ag give it all the suppor about peace and reco
Urges the Europea member States to tigl the sale of arms and from reaching the L organizations;
Instructs its Presi this resolution to t Commission, the Me Government of Sri other members of S LTTE.
Talks With Ta
The government has talks with Tamil pol cluding the LTTE,
devolution of powe, areas of the north a
Justice and Cons Minister, Prof. G.L. government had not shut on talking peace tion Tigers of Tamil E that the LTTE had le toleave themout oft sions.
The idea was to s first to the LTTE a discussed officially v until the LTTE had and had an opportu told reporters in Col But the Tigers refus repeated invitations receive and discuss t age on several occa resumed hostilities.
“The situation ha damentally after the ly broke the truce an hostilities' Peiris saic the government will

| AML TIMES 11
hat the interrupitiations may lead on in the conflict es to be willing to ls which would sefire agreement of non-military a peninsula; i Lanka Governlid indiscriminate vilians and to be with the other which do not sup
ean Union and its e all political and support the Sri efforts to revive d to improve the n rights legislaommission to inon with the Sri t under the rereement and to t needed to bring nciliation; an Union and its nten controls over to prevent arms TTE and similar
dent to forward he Council, the mber States, the Lanka and the AARC, and the
mill Parties
been engaged in itical parties, exin regard to the is to the Tamil ld east.
itutional Affairs
Peiris said the slammed the door : with the Liberaelam (LTTE) but ft if no choice but he current discus
end the package ld it wouldn't be with anyone else seen the package nity to react', he ombo on 18 May. ed to respond to
to set dates to he political packisions and later
s changed funTigers unilateralresumed armed ... "And therefore pe discussing the
main elements of the package with the different political parties'.
He said the government had bent over backwards to meet Tiger demands. "As far as the government is concerned, it's not through choice that it is engaged in hostilities with the LTTE, but through being forced by the necessity of the LTTE resuming hostilities against the government, he said.
Peiris said Sri Lanka had widespread international support for its peace effort. "The international community has come out in full support to the Sri Lankan government and was convinced that the government was genuine in its efforts to restore peace. They have offered us not mere verbal support but material support', he said. Support with regard to the war, he clarified when questioned. The Minister declined to give details as to which countries had offered what, saying these questions were unfair in the present situation. "These governments will assist us in tangible material ways when we need such support', he said.
Bomb Blast at Airport
Three detonators went off but failed to trigger some 24 kg (53 lb) of explosives on 5 June that wrecked a van outside Sri Lanka's Katunayake International Airport, some 20 miles from the island’s capital Colombo.
There were three “devices”, each containing a detonator and about eight kg (17/2 lb) of unspecified explosives, according to the police at the Airport who promptly attributed the blast to the LTTE alleging that the design was similar to car bombs used by the Tigers in the past.
"Even if the explosives had been detonated, the van was in an isolated area with the nearest building about 100 yards away, so the damage would have been limited', an officer said. He said two men were seen running away from the van shortly before the explosion but no arrests had been made.
Security at the Airport had been stepped up after intelligence reports that Tigers were planning bomb attacks in the south of the island, particularly in Colombo.
Concern Over Electoral Reforms
Smaller political parties and those representing ethnic minorities in Sri Lanka are concerned that electoral reforms proposed by the government for July this year could reduce their representation in the island's parlia
Continued on page 13

Page 12
12 TAMIL TIMES
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15 JUNE 1995
ment, according to some political leaders and analysts.
The ruling People's Alliance has proposed a mixture of proportional representation and the British-style constituency-based first-past-the-post system to replace the currently operating version of proportional representation. The parliamentary committee was trying to see how to balance proportional representation and a first-past-the-post system.
A parliamentary select committee reviewing the constitution is presently discussing electoral reforms. Some are of the view that the reforms should ensure more accurate representation for minorities and small parties. They consider inadequate or lack of parliamentary representation as the main cause of the two insurgencies, the ongoing armed rebellion by Tamils demanding autonomy in the north and east, which has been raging since 1983, and the left wing youth-based uprising by the JVP in the south of the island brutally crushed in 1990.
"Small parties have some concerns about the proportional representation system being changed. They don't want any party to get a steamroller majority. They want to ensure parliament reflects the ethnic proportions in the country. A purely electorate-based system of representation or even one mixed with proportional representation reduced the chances of minority parties being adequately represented in parliament, said a political analyst.
Under the draft proposals, the number of MPs would be increased to 245 from 225, of which 77 would be nominated by parties based on the proportion of votes received in each district by each party. The 168 elected members would be voted in on a first-past-thepost basis from 160 polling divisions, a few of which being designated as multi-member constituencies.
Athauda Senevirathne, a Deputy Minister from the LSSP in the ruling alliance, said he preferred the electoral system in Germany under which 50 percent of parliament is chosen on an electorate basis and the rest on national proportional representation. It is more democratic as small parties and ethnic minorities can collect support from all over the country to elect members to parliament. Even if they lose in their own electorate they can be elected to parliament through national proportional representation', he said.
Australia Ready to Help
Australian Foreign Minister Gareth Evans said his country was ready to offer what help it could to solve Sri Lanka's ethnic crisis.
But Evans, who peace settlement f he did not think th scope' for third pa tween the governm "If both sides think to have some third then we would sta such assistance as directly or perhaps monwealth', Evans' ence on 22 May in
"But the situation one that cries out f nally and I don't thi there is any obvio Australia or anyon said the Foreign Mi
Evans, here on a talks with Sri Lank ter Lakshman Kad tice Minister G.L. Australia offered offices' role for the peace settlement t newed the offer to su an governments.
"I indicated today said in the past still Stating that Austra first countries to co for its suicide bom naval vessels last m truce with the gov lasted since the begi Evans added, “Aus disappointment of community that the brought to such an a ly end by the LTTE
He said the Sri La of President Mrs. determined to dem one can act with imp patrol boats and sh out of the sky’.
He added: "Withou my conclusion was ment response will will be of a kind th keep doors to peace slamming them shu
Scandal Hits Red C
The Sri Lanka Red been forced to aba jects amid allegatio ment and widesprea
Lack of proper m porting of program ment of funds, ina and serious allegat prompted the gover panel to re-organis the help of the Inte tion of Red Cross (I)
Accusations

TAMILTMES 13
helped broker a r Cambodia, said ere was any "real ty mediation bent and the LTTE. t would be helpful party involvement nd ready to offer we can, either through the Comold a press conferSolombo.
at the moment is r a solution internk at the moment us role that I or else could play, hister. one-day visit, had an Foreign Minisirgamar and JusPeiris. In 1990, to play a 'good Commonwealth in alks and has reccessive Sri Lank
that whatever we holds', Evans said. lia was one of the indemn the LTTE b attack on two onth that broke a 2rnment that had inning of the year, tralia shares the the international peace process was brupt and untimeaction last month'. Linkan government Kumaratunga was onstrate "that no Iunity in attacking Looting aeroplanes
it going into detail, that the governbe measured and at is calculated to open rather than t'.
s Sri Lanka
OSS
Cross Society has ndon welfare prons of mismanageld fraud. lonitoring and remes, mismanagedequate auditing ions of fraud has nment to set up a e the SLRC with ernational FederaFRC).
and co un ter -
accusations of fraud have appeared in the Sri Lankan press. "A kind of hysteria has built up where people are talking to one another through the newspapers', said Eric Jensen, head of the Colombo delegation of the IFRC.
The IFRC runs some 160 national Red Cross Societies across the world. The IFRC is distinct from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) which works in conflict zones.
Jensen said funds had disappeared allocated for Sri Lankan projects, though he could not say how much. He said a project to build latrines for the poor in South and Central Sri Lanka had only been 50 percent successful because of "massive mismanagement.
The IFRC has suspended two local programmes - an island wide disaster preparedness scheme and a primary health care programme. The IFRC, which has a budget of one million Swiss francs ($840,300) a year, is now concentrating its efforts recruiting several hundred people to the local Sri Lankan Red Cross branches to avoid manipulation by a corrupt few, Jensen said.
TULF Urges Federal Political Package
Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) Leader, M. Sivasithamparam has urged President Kumaratunga to put forward the political package for a federal state. When he led a delegation for formal talks recently TULF took up the question of ensuring that innocent Tamils are not harassed during security operations. The meeting too place on May 30.
TULF Wice President, W. Ananda Sangari said that his party had kept away from the talks, President Kumaratunga held recently with five Tamil parties, so that it could maintain their distinct identity as a nonmilitant Tamil political party.
The TULF pushed for a merged North-East where they would be willing to excise Ampara District, he said. The delegation led by TULF President Sivasithamparam included Secretary-General, R. Sampanthan, Vice President, V. Ananda Sangari, Dr. Neelan Tiruchelvam, MPs Joseph Pararajasingham, A. Thangathurai, K. Thurairajasingham, P. Selvaraja and former MP Mavai Senathirajah.
They will request President Kumaratunga to take action in implementing the following: O No one should be arrested and detained unless there is reasonable information to justify the arrest.
Continued on page 14

Page 14
14 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 13
O In the event of a person adducing satisfactory proof of his or her residence through national identity, electoral register, registration in the area of residence police station, such persons should not be arrested.
O Families or other persons chosen by the persons arrested or detained, should always be informed within a reasonable time of the arrest, the place of detention, and of any transfer and the identity of the law enforcement officer concerned.
O Arresting officers should always establish their identity, vehicle used by the security forces should have number plates displayed at all times and be clearly identifiable as police or military vehicles.
O Every person arrested or detained should be told the reasons for the arrest, identity of the arresting and detaining officer and where they are detained and the reasons which justify their continued detention.
O All persons arrested must only be held in authorized publicly listed places of detention with free access given to Human Rights Task Force and the ICRC.
O All detainees should be informed of their rights to be interrogated and to give a statement in their own language. Every police station and place of detention should have a sufficient number of persons conversant in the Tamil language to make this a reality.
O Young girls and women should be taken to the police station only in the company of a person of their choice.
O To prevent unjustified arrests people already released after routine checks should be issued with release certificates indicating the date of arrest, who interrogated the person, where he or she was held and the date of release, people with release certificates should not be arrested, without their specific information justifying their arrest.
O Landlords and tenants subletting the premises should be specifically instructed to inform the police station of all the names of persons occupying the house, including new arrivals within 24 hours.
O Registration forms must be made available immediately on request, perfected forms must be accepted immediately when it is handed over at the police station. Very often the police return the form with instructions to come the next day and see the officer who is dealing with the
subject. A desig be available t hours of the
station, to issu istration forms.
O The Army, Na should also col quirement in la they arrest or handed over to station within areas where the tion within a dis more, within at arrest.
O Access must beg least 4 days a prison or any ot tion.
Diplomatic
With
According to repc sources close to F Colombo, the Sri L has been taking s view to establishi tions with Israel.
Local political al this will make it p military-technica tween the two col the delivery of Isr the Sri Lankan arm combat operations Tigers.
The rupture in diplomatic relati Lanka and Israel restored by forme Jayawardene in t the opening of an tion in the US En However, when Ra sa succeeded Jaya dent in 1989, he or the Interest Sectie attempt to please which he was relyi
Now that relat. and some other Ar one hand and Israe improved, Colomb situation is relat restore diplomat Israel.
Governmer Defence S
The government h sures to raise func in the north. The raising the defenc expediting privati, cutback on non-pr capital investmen ing new projects a million US dollars fits from the elect Treasury, Deputy

15 JUNE 1995
nated officer must roughout the 24 lay at the police and receive reg
vy and Air Force nply with the rev that any persons detain should be the nearest police 24 hours and in re is no police staance of 20 miles or least 3 days of the
iven to relatives at week whether in her place of deten
Relations Srael? rts from informed oreign Ministry in ankan government teps of late with a ng diplomatic rela
halysts believe that possible to intensify cooperation beuntries and ensure aeli armaments to ny for the conduct of
against the Tamil
the early 1970s of ions between Sri
was sought to be r President Junius he mid-1980s with [sraeli Interest Secnbassy in Colombo. nasinghe Premadawardene as Presidered the closure of on primarily in an Arab nations on ng for aid and trade. ons between PLO ab countries on the l on the other have may feel that the vely conducive to ic relations with
it increases pendinng as announced meais for the war effort measures include levy by 1 percent, ation, a 10 percent iority rupee funded projects, postponind transferring 300 of accumulated proricity board to the Minister of Finance,
Prof. G.L. Peiris told Parliament on 8 June.
He said the increase of the defence levy from the present 3.5 percent to 4.5 percent would result in an increase in prices.
Government officials and heads of state institutions will contribute their one day's pay to the defence fund for the war effort in the northeast, according to a cabinet decision which also made it compulsory for cabinet ministers, state ministers and deputy ministers and secretaries to ministries, heads of corporations and other state institutions to contribute one day's pay to the defence fund.
Commencing this month, the compulsory contributions will continue for a period of four months, Deputy Finance Minister said adding that all the members of the parliament will follow suit, a great many of whom have indicated that they will be contributing a far more substantial sum.
The government's measures will increase the defence budget from the current 3.5 billion rupees (about 700 million US dollars) announced in January this year when the peace talks with the Tigers were going on, to 4.5 billion rupees (about 900 million US dollars).
Air Force Seeks
Volunteer Pilots
The Air Force is so desperately short of pilots in the Tamil rebel-held north that it is calling for volunteers to train, according to its Commander. Colombo newspapers reported that Air Marshal Oliver Ranasinghe had asked for volunteers from non-flying units to fly aircraft after a large number of regular pilots allegedly refused to fly to northern bases for fear of missile attacks. The Air Force, which lost two transport planes to Tigers' antiaircraft missiles last month in a new tactical dimension in the conflict, was short by about 50 pilots and was planning to acquire more aircraft soon. Ranasinghe told newspapers. But he denied that his pilots had refused to fly, saying flights to the north were only temporarily suspended immediately after the missile attacks but had now resumed after pilots devised and practised new tactics to evade the threat.
"Until they knew what the threat actually was pilots were a little bit cautious...until the uncertainty was over', Ranasinghe told the press. Now they're flying again and we have picked up casualties and sent fresh ration (to northern camps). We have resumed flights although they are now irregular. We're not taking troops up and down as much as earlier'.

Page 15
15 JUNE 1995
3: $ვალ!ა-
The Suicidal Game ( and Peace Must II
by Dr. S. Narapalasingam
From Thimpu to Jaffna via Colombo (Hilton)
The first failed attempt (though both sides probably knew it was not serious) to talk peace was when President Jayewardene was in charge. The talks took place in Thimpu in July and August 1985 under the auspices of the Indian government. No further attempts were made until he was succeeded by President Premadasa. When the peace talks in Colombo that lasted for a record 13 months period in 1989 and 1990 under his leadership failed, people had to wait until President Kumaratunga was elected to lead the country for the recently failed peace talks to begin.
It is relevant to note that the Colombo (Hilton) talks between Premadasa and the LTTE lasted for the longest period so far, because there were other pressing issues such as, the role of the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) In the North-East and expediting its withdrawal from the country; the conscription of youth for training by the PKF and the building of the Civilian Volunteer Force; and the dissolution of the North-East Provincial Council headed by a rival Tamil group.
The latest rounds of peace talks initiated by President Chandrika Kumaratunga after the August 1994 general elections, began last October. Four rounds of talks were held in Jaffna, a territory under the control of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam LTTE). The LTTE unilaterally withdrew from the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement and it resumed attacks on the same day April 19, 1995 by sinking two navy vessels in Trincomalee. The peace talks were automatically suspended.
Mrs. Kumaratunga contested both the General and the Presidential elections in 1994 having declared her commitment openly to a peaceful setkement of the ethnic conflict and obtained a clear mandate from the people to fulfil this commitment. She obtained an unprecedented support in the Presidential elections with 62% of the total votes in her favour. No other leader had the courage to seek such a nandate on the ethnic issue. All the communities supported her in the elections and believed that she would bring peace and prosperity to them. The euphoria was visible even in those
Tamil areas undel LTTE.
The LTTE in t resounding victory and expressed thei ter into negotiatior tions. President sincerity to solve peacefully by negot the LTTE has ne within and outsid firm belief in th resolve the conflict acclamation from ernments and inte tions. Unfortunate comings in implem earnest on the gro
Perceived stan
LTTE took up til the beginning tha the sufferings of resulting from the economic embargo Government follow of hostilities bet forces and the L must be addresse litation and devel and reconstruction ture destroyed by the restoration of affected Tamil are: as a joint venture b ment and the LT cumstances it was including the Gov the authority it w areas under its cor
Second cardinal LTTE was unwillin military capabili throughout claime feat the fourth la world. Even any s estimating this ca) pel the LTTE to pr and not an illusi perception of powe tion of the LTTE th very seriously eve ernments in any I settlement of the matters concerning of the Tamil regior
Finally, LTTE h rather brought und part of the North-l dominance of othe areas was an imp

TAMTIMES is
of War End
- the control of the
urn welcomed her in the two elections r willingness to enis without precondiKumaratunga's the Tamil problem tiating directly with ver been in doubt le Sri Lanka. Her e peace option to , received universal several foreign govrnational organizaly there were shorthenting her idea in und.
Of LTTE
he stand right from t the alleviation of
the Tamil people 2 imposition of the p by the previous ring the resumption ween its security TTE in June 1990 first. The rehabiopment of the area of the infrastructhe war as well as basic services in the as must come about etween the Govern“TE. Under no cir
willing any others ernment to usurp as wielding in the ntrol.
factor which the g to concede was its ty, which it had d enabled it to 'deurgest army in the emblance of underpability would comove that this is real on. Linked to this r was the expectahat it must be taken n by heads of govnegotiations for the
ethnic conflict or ; the administration
l.
ad not liberated or lerits controla good East region and the er entities in these pediment if not an
irritant to achieving its ultimate goal. In this situation, there was the inherent fear of the nature of its future role in the entire North-East region once a political solution acceptable to the Tamil people became difficult to reject. In this regard, the relevance of the claim that the LTTE is the sole voice of the Tamil people gains importance.
The significance of this stand was probably not fully grasped by the present government during the period it had talks with the LTTE in Jaffna. Some of the reasons for the LTTE to have broken the truce so abruptly may in part be attributed to this miscalculation.
Government Actions and Ilnaction
Neither President Chandrika Kumaratunga nor the LTTE leader Vellupillai Prabhakaran participated directly in the peace talks. Her nominees to the talks were government bureaucrats, senior military personnel and eminent persons — Anglican Bishop Kenneth Fernando, Charles Abeyasekara and Dr. Jayadeva Uyangoda whose bona fides were unshakeable. They functioned virtually as her messengers in the absence of senior cabinet ministers with authority to respond immediately to the demands and suggestions submitted by the LTTE delegation. This has been a serious drawback, particularly in the context of LTTE's impatience in obtaining its demands.
LTTE's complaint that President Kumaratunga sent "personal emissaries who had neither political authority nor government status' for four rounds of talks with them in Jaffna has validity. Perhaps unwittingly, President Kumaratunga's gesture by holding the talks in the LTTE territory became an impediment for such direct and high level meetings. However, the two leaders have exchanged letters concerning the peace talks, which were later made public.
The fact that she was fresh and hence underestimated the intricacies in conflict resolution would be a plausible excuse but unfortunately this was a costly mistake. Any complex task to be accomplished successfully requires adequate planning and well thought out action programme with definite time frames for the completion of the relevant tasks. The cost of failure in taking a gamble was so great in this case, that this alone should have compelled her to work out beforehand the foolproof modalities of conducting the peace talks. This preliminary but vital
Continued on page 16

Page 16
108 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 15
work was crucial all the more given the tragic failure of three previous attempts. In this regard, it is apt to cite from the editorial in the March 1995 issue of TT.
The prudence and efficacy of the methodology hitherto adopted in the negotiating process between the government and the LTTE is questionable. Whatever merit the principle of transparency may have, protracted intractable problems between parties with entrenched positions cannot be resolved by discussions surrounded by the glare of publicity'.
Before the Israeli Government and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) came to the negotiating table several behind-the-scene talks took place in Norway. The British Government had unofficial discussions with members of Sinn Fein, the political wing of the IRA, before declaring a ceasefire. The secret contacts were being vigorously denied by the British government until close to reaching an agreement.
The absence of an outside mediator or mediators acceptable to both sides was another serious drawback, given the mistrust and past experiences of unkept promises and broken pledges of previous governments. With the direct involvement of neutral third party mediators, it would be difficult for either side to pull out of the peace talks unilaterally on some flimsy grounds.
President Kumaratunga has for a long time been saying that her government has an extensive devolution package to satisfy the aspirations of the Tamils. By not revealing this she failed to demonstrate her assertion that her government is different from all governments of the past in respect of its attitude to the Tamil problem. There was no way for the Tamils in the North-East and indeed others to judge her claim of heading an honest, impartial and benevolent government that is sympathetic to the legitimate rights of the Tamils. By this act of omission, she allowed space for the LTTE leader to pronounce that "there is no fundamental difference between the present Government and the UNP regime'.
This accusation will become more credible if she continues the entire economic embargo reimposed in the wake of the resumption of hostilities on April 19. President Kumaratunga is reported to have told the other Tamil parties represented in Parliament that she cannot put forward her long-awaited peace package now, because of fears of unrest among the Sinhalese following the recent attacks
carried out by the
ment too tends ti above charge, as
ments also used the deny the due rights whatever reason, package will not h credibility. She sho temptation of com blunders her pred dire consequences
ordinary peace lov parts of Sri Lanka.
In describing the “merciless megalom President Premada who needed psyc. pretty seriously, Pr has done harm to great national leade had before. She may with the LTTE lea and name-calling is this easy.
implications to Tamil communi
The condemnati tional community made to the TT of as by the liberal intellectuals and known record of Tamil cause, of th the LTTE cannot Tamils in and o LTTE's military doubtedly attribut acts of its suicide and Sea Tigers. Ja) second world wal kazes. No doubt th their pilots on ent devastating effect ( allies who were these did not in th to the Japanese. brave to stand up a the USA and he backers (for their c who provided ecol assistace to Cuba The Cubans are n price and many a they are willing tc order to flee from t
The reasons pro to have pulled out and resume the targets on April 1 after announcing i the cessation of h many questions.
The insistence O would not discuss p their demands wer its determination t order to exhibit i people. Alternative as testing the sin

15 JUNE 1995
LTTE. This state) corroborate the previous governsame argument to to the Tamils. For
withholding the elp to confirm her uld not fall to the mitting the same ecessors did with that affected the ring people in all
LTTE leader as a aniac' and the late sa as 'another man hiatric treatment esident Chandrika her standing as a er, Sri Lanka never y have to negotiate der at some point, not going to make
the LTTE and ty
on by the interna
(reference can be May 1995), as well Sinhalese leaders, academics with a
sympathy to the e recent actions of gladden millions of utside Sri Lanka.
SCCeSSeS 88 - ed to some daring squads - the Black pan tried to win the using the kamie suicidal crashes of 2my targets had a on the morale of the fighting them but e end bring victory Fidel Castro was gainst the might of r allies. The few wn selfish reasons) nomic and military had long vanished. ow paying a hefty e so hopeless that risk their lives in heir own home soil. vided by the LTTE of the peace talks attack on military 9, 1995 only hours cs withdrawal from stilities pact raise
the LTTE that it olitical issues, until met can be seen as D flex its muscle in (s strength to the ly, it can be viewed erity and serious
ness of President Kumaratunga's Government in solving the ethnic problem as promised steadfastly by her before and after the August 1994 elections. A third possible reason as can be discerned from the nature of some demands of the LTTE could be to provide a safety valve to pull out from the peace talks at a convenient time.
The four demands were: (i) The lifting of the economic embargo imposed by the previous government in 1990, which admittedly was an extreme inhumane step taken, which inflicted severe hardships to the people in the North; (ii) The removal of the restrictions on fishing in northern waters; (iii) The removal of the Pooneryn army camp; and (iv) Allowing the free movement of armed LTTE cadres i. the East. As a result of the fourt round of talks held on 10/11 April 1995, the embargo on al items includ ing fuel was lifted two days later (except for the 8 listed items which could be used in attacking the military targets). Restrictions on fishing with three exceptions were also lifted. The restriction on fishing in the seas from Devil's Point to Thalaimannar were to be reviewed in 3 months time. Although the government had already moved unilaterally the Pooneryn camp 600 metres away from the PoonerynSangupiddy route and given an undertaking to place no checks on the road and to allow unobstructed use of the road by civilians, this was inadequate to satisfy the LTTE which insisted on the complete removal of the camp. With regard to the free movement of LTTE cadres in the Eastern Province while being armed, the government indicated its willingness to negotiate this matter along with others within the context of the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement and proposed the days between 6th and 10th of May for the next round of talks centering on all residual matters including the negotiation of an annex to this agreement. Government also admitted that earlier decisions on lifting the embargo had not been fully implemented and that it would take steps to remove some obstacles (which were not identified in the statements) so as to ensure the free flow of items removed from the embargo.
LTTE also would not agree to the functioning of Monitoring Committees headed by foreign personnel from Canada, the Netherlands and Norway until the cessation of hostilities was converted into a permanent ceasefire. The government agreed to discuss this matter too in the next round of talks. Refusal to discuss political issues before their demands were met within the deadline set by the LTTE, regard

Page 17
15 JUNE 1995
less of their reasonableness, as against the accommodating stand of President Kumaratunga on the various demands of the LTTE coupled with her principled position on the ethnic issue has enhanced her stature in the eyes of the international community as a sincere national leader.
The consequences of LTTE's hasty withdrawal from the peace talks and starting Eelam War III with increased ferocity on the presumption that President Kumaratunga's government was not sincere and truthful with regard to the pledges given to solve the ethnic conflict peacefully are actually catastrophic to the interests of the LTTE let alone to the aspirations of the Tamil community. Some of them are similar to shooting own goals in the game of soccer. These are indicated below:
O Pushing the government which was committed to a peaceful settlement of the ethnic conflict towards the military option.
O The swiftness of the attack in Trincomalee sinking two navy vessels followed by the downing of two aircraft in Palaly and other subsequent attacks, lend credibility to the accusation that LTTE also had a hidden agenda ever since peace talks began in Jaffna. The reasonableness of LTTE's demand which the government stated had military implications and which the LTTE vehemently asked during the peace talks appears to have lost credibility. The credibility of the LTTE has also been impaired.
O Forcing the government to seek military assistance from the same sources like its predecessors and strengthening the military.
O Among several condemnations of the LTTE for unilaterally breaking the truce and restarting the war, is the resolution of the European Parliament adopted on May 18. Even liberal Sinhalese politicians and peace activists who had been soft to the LTTE appear to share this condemnation. The resolution of the European Parliament clearly brands the LTTE as the villain.
O International opinion which had been very sympathetic to the plight of the Sri Lankan Tamils since the 1983 anti-Tamil pogrom, has almost disappeared now. On the contrary, President Kumaratunga's Government has won considerable sympathy from foreign governments and international organizations after the April 19th incidents, including the way the truce was broken after only 14 weeks.
O The Congress government of India, an arch adversary of the LTTE
had been brough Lankan governm extradition of th LTTE which was time had also bee
O In decision-mal military establish carry greater we and will insist tha not relegated. Th accusations leve government by th that the militar precedence over it the Tamil problen O The civilian pop as before will cont result of offensiv military. LTTE w; sufferings must b before any substa discussed in the p O Providing the
dent Kumaratun, the devolution pa throughout mai must first be dis LTTE. An impass insisting its dema fully met before p discussed. O Pre-conditions
resume talks wit. can be placed su sioning of weapon not imposed befol
Heightened dist are not conducive Killing of civiliar only intensify hatr communities, whic outcome of the wat live side by side in
If one examine events that led to minating in the cun tion in the ethnic clear that invaria pushed the other t ing power.
Peaceful settle through negotiati will, trust and others' positions a not a one-sided eff have failed mise wanted the Govern its intention to a genuine. It proba there was no need sincerity to the san.
Returning to the Table
If the premise governments are b. they come to solvi lem is accepted, the in trying to negotia

t closer to the Sri ent. The issue of he leader of the dormant all this in activated.
king process, the ment’s views will light than before ut its interests are is was one of the led against the e LTTE, claiming y interests took is concern to solve
.
bullation in Jaffna inue to suffer as a re actions of the as keen that their be alleviated first ntive matters are eace talks.
excuse for Presiga not to reveal ckage as she had ntained that it scussed with the te was created by nds must first be olitical issues are
for the LTTE to h the government uch as decommisis etc., which were
Te,
rust and insincerity to resolve conflicts. ns deliberately will red between the two regardless of the ur must continue to
the same island.
's closely the past various stages culrent worsened posi
conflict, it will be bly either side has o beef up its shoot
ment of conflict ons requires goodunderstanding of nd difficulties. It is ort. Here both sides rably. LTTE had ment to prove that chieve peace was bly assumed that for it to show its ne goal.
e Negotiating
that all Sinhalese asically alike when ng the Tamil prob2n there is no point ate for an amicable
TAMIL TIMES 17
solution except perhaps for some extraneous reason. The alternative is then to continue the war with all the attendant consequences. In the postcold war era, many liberation movements, after very long bitter guerrilla warfare and incurring huge losses had to come ultimately to the negotiating table to settle the conflicts with the relevant governments. Without recourse to this modus operandi, international recognition vital for economic viability and commercial and other dealings with the outside world will be difficult for a liberation movement that succeeds in liberating some part of a sovereign state by force without the backing of foreign governments, despite the moral justification for this course of action. Liberation movements cannot afford to ignore international opinion and it is suicidal to antagonize even friendly governments and leaders. This is the stark reality.
参
The European Union and many governments have already urged both sides in Sri Lanka to negotiate. NonGovernmental Organizations (NGOs) like the National Peace Council and Movement for Inter-Racial Justice and Equality in Sri Lanka as well as other interested organizations outside Sri Lanka are also currently trying their best to get the peace process back on track. Although hostilities have resumed, either party claims that it is not against a peaceful settlement of the conflict. In the light of these developments, a glimmer of hope exists at least for both parties to agree to start talking peace again. As pointed out earlier the task of making peace has been made difficult by the recent
events emanating from the Jaffna
talks. The clock has been turned back and the peace process has to start from scratch. The cycle of alternating war and peace must be stopped to prevent self-destruction. There are no winners in this insane game and all are losers. If the reports of Sinhalese suicide squads being formed are taken seriously, then the entire country is descending the slippery slope to barbarity. The confidence of the people on both sides has been undermined by the continuation of this seemingly unending cycle of war and peace and war again.
President Kumaratunga should show courage and magnanimity and confirm her assertion that she is different from her predecessors by agreeing to talk with the LTTE. The responsibility to convince again the disillusioned people the wisdom of pur
Continued on page 19

Page 18
18 TAMIL TIMES
The Guestion Of Extr; and the LTTE's Op.
— by Taraki -
It was November 1986 - a time when most of the armed Sri Lankan Tamil groups based in South India were still treated like Delhi’s darlings - I happened to meet in Tiruchi a veteran of the Dravidian movement who had dropped out of the DMK when that party started toning down its militant separatist ideology in the mid sixties. After hearing me out on the ground situation in the northeast where the LTTE had emerged as the most powerful group fighting the army, he said:
"The Tigers will have to wage the final war for Thamileelam not with the Sri Lankan government but with India'.
After almost eight years the battle lines have been drawn quite clearly.
India’s request to extradite the Tiger leader, once formally accepted by the government, will foreclose a negotiated settlement to the ethnic conflict as long as the LTTE, led by Velupillai Prabhaharan, remains the predominant military and political factor in the northeast.
Apart from this, the request for extradition will not mean much to the government as long as it does not, in some way, lead to substantial military assistance from Delhi to create the conditions for getting anywhere near the leader of the Liberation Tigers.
With Delhi and Colombo closed for good, Prabhaharan has only three immediate and "tangible' options to help him progress towards his goal and to deter India from making a direct military intervention in the conflict.
The first of course is the Tamil nationalist sentiment in Tamil Nadu, the second is what one may call the strategic opening created by the fundamental geopolitical contradictions of the South Asian region and the third, which I think would be the last resort option, is the potential of the minor but strategically placed anti-systemic forces in peninsular India.
In examining these three options which the LTTE may feel compelled to exploit, in view of the current developments in Indo-Lanka affairs, it must be pointed at the outset that, while the battle lines have been drawn clearly with Delhi's formal request for Prabhaharan's extradition, the first task before the Tiger leader is not simply a question of preparing for a final showdown with India but deterr
ence — that is to ra the potential secu. arising from a milit the north. The que through exploiting may become more LTTE at this junc military designs il quite clear that thi somewhat confiden with sufficient wh the LTTE militaril some reports, seems ing for an offensive So, long as the gov to feel thus, desp backs, the LTTE v reason to rest as: intervention is a v bility.
But the LTTE succeeds in achiev military objective governmentos con shattered overnig might compel it te direct military assi The immediate m. the LTTE in the defined by the subt on the main bases ing and restricting sea and air. Eithel overwhelm a base i leaving no time for formally seek Ind save the place or it adequate time for task by ensuring t sufficient reasons f at least delay int particular context.
The reason why LTTE feels compel Indian factor in ach ate military objecti theatre is this: if overrun a targeted on previous attemp of cutting off all s camp and occupyir positions which wol aircraft units to effe airforce from landi up psychological p surrender. The gove this situation whi politically be explo might strongly fee. India’s military inv
This in my opin worrisome to the L

15 JUNE 1995
adition tiOnS
ise the threshold of rity risk for India ary intervention in stion of deterrence these three factors
important for the ture in view of its in the north. It is 2 government feels t today that it can, herewithal, handle y and, according to s to be even preparinto the Peninsula. ernment continues ite occasional setvill have sufficient sured that Indian very remote possi
knows that if it ring its immediate in the north, the fidence would be nt which in turn seek urgent and stance from India. ilitary objective of
north is already le siege it has laid there by threatentheir supplies by the LTTE has to in the north swiftly, the government to ian assistance to has to be certain of
accomplishing its hat there would be or India to avoid or ervention in that
I think that the ed to consider the lieving its immedive in the northern it cannot swiftly base, it has, unlike is, the solid option ea access to that g a few captured uld enable its anti:tively prevent the g: and then build essure towards a rnment faced with h no doubt will ive in the south,
impelled to seek rvention. on may be more TTE than the ex
tradition request per se. The request and Colombo's eagerness to comply with it do not pose the immediate problem for the Tigesr. It is the conjuncture which constitutes the problem - the extradition coming at this juncture when the LTTE seems confident (rightly or wrongly) that it can score a major victory in the north through its siege strategy. While I was in Jaffna the Tigers appeared to be quite confident that India would never attempt a direct military intervention. Though they did not give the exact ဗူးဒူon for it, they were extremely sure of it.
In a recent interview with The Times of India Indian Foreign Minister Mr. Pranab Mukherjee, asked whether he was ruling out another Indian military intervention in the Sri Lankan conflict said: "Yes. But I would not put it so positively. The question does not arise since there is no request (firqom Sri Lanka). Therefore, the LTTE's confidence that the Indian government will not intervene in their war is plausible only insofar as there is no unqualified and urgent request from the Sri Lankan government for military succour. Their confidence at that time, I think, was derived from an assessment of India's internal politics - of an increasingly weak central government and also from their military power which had been geared since the beginning of Eelam War Two to make, if the need were to arise, an Indian military undertaking in the north vastly expensive and ultimately futile.
But the picture has changed after the extradition request. Today the LTTE's ability to rapidly transform an Indian military intervention into an unmanageably embarrassing quagmire depends, in view of a possible Sri Lankan request, on the degree to which it can successfully exploit the factors which in their view may constitute a deterrent against Delhi. In this context the question firstly is whether Delhi would be deterred by Tamil Nadu politics in directly helping the Sri Lankan government fight the LTTE?
As every student of Sri Lankan Tamil politics knows Tamil Nadu has played a key role in deciding some aspects of Delhi's policy towards Colombo. The Indian Central Government has taken steps from time to time to secure the allegiance of the people of that state. Tamil Nadu has a long militant secessionist tradition. This is something which Delhi is still unwilling to ignore.
Hence the various measures taken by the Indian central government, including the creation of the state on

Page 19
15 JUNIE 1995
the linguistic criterion, have to be seen in this perspective - that is as pacification measures. Therefore, while Delhi's assistance to the armed Tamil groups was mainly aimed at bringing pressure on the Sri Lankan state, it was also meant to show the people of Tamil Nadu that the central government was on their side - helping their brethren across the Palk Straits.
But while its army was fighting the LTTE in the jungles of the northeast India discovered that the sense of “Tamilness” was stronger among considerable sections of its citizens in the state of Tamil Nadu than their sense of Indianness'.
The Tigers enjoyed the active patronage of all the Dravidian parties in the state while they were killing Indian soldiers in Sri Lanka's northeast. Karunanidhi who was the chief minister at that time was flagrantly on their side. He refused to welcome the Indian army returning from Sri Lanka, accusing it of killing Tamils. Jeyalalitha who was staking her claim for the ADMK at that time said that Thamileelam should be established like Bangladesh if the Sri Lankan government went too far.
The PMK emerged as a third force in the Tamil Nadhu political scene with a clear secessionist - pro-LTTE ideology. A number of secessionist groups that had been formed by former Naxalites began campaigning publicly for launching a struggle to establish a separate sovereign state of Tamil Nadu. They even held a conference in Tanjore convened mainly by P. Nedumaran in 1990.
Then there was the massive "Tamils' right to self determination' conference and rally in Madras which was organised by the PMK.
The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi and the subsequent discovery of LTTE's involvement in it gave the
Indian Central G( opportunity to crac severely. Jeyalalith an anti-DMK allia gress turned anti-l for a while that eve control except of col of Gopalasamy as politician.
After he formed contested a few appeared that he ta in to some extent. patiently at work logistical base in th taining contacts wit parties at the gras levels mostly.
The scene has cl today. Jeyalalitha with the central gov er of the Dravida K. and P. Nadumara friends of the LTTE the chief minister's close to her. The lea Gopalasamy has b his pro-LTTE stanc him cradling a Tige have appeared in Tamil Nadu state. Dravidian parties til to even mildly critic his veiled justificati sination. The shooti Avros has resulted support for the L who are aligned parties at the gra
leaders are not una The strongly w
against Colombo's the north by P.M. have to be seen in t
The most importa this direction howe tion passed at a rec ence, calling on th Government not te
Continued from page 17
suing the peace option and create conditions for mutual trust can only be ignored by warmongers.
Some useful suggestions have been put forward by the National Peace Council, which should be supported by all sensible Sri Lankans as well as others interested in seeing lasting peace in the island. Their proposals listed below deserve serious consideration:
(1) Declare a four week truce during which time a comprehensive ceasefire agreement can be drawn up and monitoring teams with international participation can be put into operation.
(2) Agree on a framework for negotiations in which both sides put forward basic principles concerning an
overall settlement. (3) Ensure that status in the neg which the negotia legitimacy, credib quired professional form of internatior be advisable in this Some friendly go lia and Canada i offered to prov mediators to facilit process. Given the three failed peace imperative, among indicated in this peace efforts are suicidal game of w end sooner than lat

overnment a good k down on all this a who had formed nce with the ConLTTE. It appeared rything was under urse the emergence a strong pro-LTTE
the MDMK and
by elections it po had been reined But the LTTE was
strengthening its he state and mainh all the Dravidian sroots and middle
hanged very much is at loggerheads fernment, the leadalaham Veeramani un, both steadfast E leader, have won confidence and are der of the MDMK, egun to emphasise again. Pictures of er cub in his hands many parts of the And none of the hought it necessary ise Thondaman for on of Rajiv's assasng down of the two in a groundswell of TTE among those to the Dravidian ss roots level. The ware of this. orded statements military action in K. and M.D.M.K. his context.
int development in ver was a resoluent D.M.K. conferhe Indian Central ) militarily inter
there is parity of gotiating teams in tors have political ility and the recompetency. Some hal facilitation may s regard. vernments, Austran particular have ide experienced ate the negotiation past experience of talks, this is an other prerequisites paper, if renewed to succeed. The ar and peace must ter.
TAMIL TIMES 19
vene in Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict.
The significance of the D.M.K.'s stand lies in the fact that the Congress Party in Tamil Nadu is attempting to nurture an election alliance with it (the D.M.K.). The grievously and badly splintered Tamil Nadu Congress Party depends on an alliance with the D.M.K. for its survival in the state.
However the crises in the Congress Party are such that Narasimha Rao might feel compelled to overlook the Tamil Nadu factor in taking a clear stand against the LTTE if an emergency were to arise in Sri Lanka.
And that may make an Indian military intervention on Colombo's request not as simple as going to Gayoom's rescue in the Maldives in 1988. For Prabhakaran that is enough. The extradition then would mean little to him.
(Courtesy of Sunday Island, 16.95).
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Page 20
20 TAM TIMES
On Understandi Self-Determination -
by P. lmayavarampan
The national question has in one way or another become a major political issue and cause of conflict in more than a few countries of the Third World. The satisfactory resolution of this question is important not only to political stability and economic development but also to issues of democratic and human rights in the Third World. Sri Lankans, for certain, need not look too far for evidence.
The nature of the national question has changed considerably since the days of colonial rule, although the class nature of nationalism remains unchanged in substance and nationalism still preserves its two faces, one progressive and liberating and the other reactionary, narrow and oppressive. The progressive mode of nationalism which linked hands with the politics of egalitarianism to unite the people under colonial oppression in their struggle for liberation has gradually given way to chauvinism and national oppression. This transformation was not sudden, and the Third World, especially within the nonaligned movement, played an important part in opposing super-power and imperialist domination of the world. The inability of the ruling classes in the Third World countries to stand up to imperialism led to the weakening of the national leadership in most of these countries and to the effective collapse of the non-aligned movement as a body to defend Third World interests.
The failure of the leadership of most of the Third World countries in safeguarding political and economic independence was not surprising, since it represented the native exploiting classes and did not want to transform their social system. Some regimes were reformist only to the extent that reforms helped to keep off revolution. (In subsequent years, some of those reforms were reversed by right-wing governments with the blessings of the guardians of democracy and human rights in the west). Political independence in the colonies increased the social and political awareness of the masses. This meant that the poorer sections of the population wanted a fair share of the wealth and the working class posed a challenge. The ruling classes found it expedient to use contradictions among the people to divide them, a lesson that they learnt from the most successful
colonial masters. guage, caste, tribe able difference wa tics, electorally a was effective in di tion of the mass pressing problems, time, but harmed t mined political sta ruling classes incr on the imperialists
Poverty and ind worse in the Thi perialism through ing the World Ba. able to dictate e policy to the poore to destabilise any fails to toe the line cause civil war. Ov the situation is wo the Third World colonialism. Undi people had a clear With neo-colonial invisible. The ruli incapable of show the mess, and for are betraying the countries and the
It takes a lot o sight to face there crisis in the Third seek just and las exploiting classes 1 shown their reluct to solve the natic the people and lea the political and e ernments that re) ing classes have so national oppressio the people in every those that threat the social system interests of the u valid solutions can forces of progress They recognize th the oppressed ma internationally to ist domination.
It is in this cor useful to discus nationhood and There is a tend unfortunately inc “leftists', to cling t tions. I do not deny value of definition matters. Definitio)

15 JUNE 1995
հ9 , Part II
Race, religion, lanand every conceivs exploited in polild otherwise. This eflecting the attenes from the more at least for a short he economy, underbility and made the easingly dependent for their survival.
ebtedness have got rd World and imits agencies, includnk and the IMF, is 2onomic and social countries. It is able 7 government that , create conflict and erall, in many ways rse for the people of than it was under er colonialism the view of the enemy. ism the enemy is ng elite classes are ing the way out of their own survival interests of their people. f courage and foreality of the national World countries and ting solutions. The have time and again ance if not inability nal problem, unite d the country out of conomic mess. Govpresent the exploitught to benefit from n and from dividing possible way except 2n the existence of that preserves the pper classes. Thus, come only from the and social justice. Le need for uniting sses nationally and overcome imperial
text that it will be s the concepts of self-determination. *ncy among some, uding a number of o strongly to definithe importance and is in understanding ls are more valuable
in an explanatory sense than in a restrictive sense. A definition of a nation helps us get some idea of what a nation could be not but always as sufficient to legislate whether a particular group of people can constitute a nation. The definition can help one develop guidelines in dealing with a political problem but when applied rigidly and dogmatically can only have disastrous consequences.
Nations do not wait for definitions to validate their existence. While common factors such as race, language, tribe and culture can bring a people together as a nation, a nation remains, above all, a product of history. Thus we have nations that cut across racial, linguistic, cultural and tribal barriers, and we also have situations where major common features have failed to bring together different nations as
One.
When dealing with the question of the right of a nation to secede, we come across the question of feasibility and more often that concerning the right of a people to nationhood. The ability of a nation to survive is a more important issue than the award of the licence to nationhood by some definition. Size is important both territorially and demographically, but not critical. What is most important in the making of a nation is the ability of the sociopolitical system to unite a people and give them a sense of belonging. Cuba has united people black and white more successfully than any other country, and the mighty U.S.A., despite its economic and military muscle is more divided than ever, despite its reputation as the great melting pot. What united India and gave Indians the feeling of Indian nationalism' at one time has ceased to be, and India is today a jumble of nations and a prison house for some nations and nationalities. The rigid approach of Nehru towards the demands of the Sikhs for a state of their own, using the argument that states cannot be formed on the basis of religious identity not only hardened attitudes but also strengthened Sikh nationalism and militancy. What is threatening the unity of India are the concentration of power at the centre, the growth of Hindi-Hindu chauvinism and the continuing domination of the upper castes.
Nations emerge as a consequence of socio-political awareness and often as a result of oppression. This is particularly true of the emergence of Thamil nationalism in Sri Lanka. The Thamil nation in Sri Lanka is not in any way a successor to the Jaffna Kingdom of four centuries ago, nor is it composed of the Thamil speaking people living in the island. What transformed the

Page 21
15 JUNE 1995
awareness of a Thamil identity into nationalism was a sequence of events since pre-independence days. It took more than the Citizenship Act, the Official Language Act of 1956, the continuous planned colonisation of the north and the east, the notorious standardization of 1971 and anti-Thamil violence on more than one occasion. The vote for the TULF in 1977 was as small an endorsement of the demand for a separate state as was the vote for the Federal Party in 1956 an endorsement of the demand for a federal state. It was the deception since 1977 combined with the violation of the right of the Thamil people to survive even on the soil that constituted their traditional homeland that pushed the Thamil nationality into the current struggle for national liberation.
Efforts to deny the Thamil people their identity as a nation and hence their right to self-determination come mainly from Sinhala chauvinists who argue that Sri Lanka can have only one national identity, namely Sinhala (preferably Sinhala-Buddhist). The denial of the existence of a Thamil homeland in the north and the east of the country is historical mischief and negative arguments about the feasibility of the Thamil nation-state often fringe on dishonesty. Whether a separate Thamil state is a desirable thing is an issue different from the feasibility of one. There are many who believe that a united Sri Lanka is in the best interests of the Sinhalese, Thamils and Muslims. But this unity cannot be imposed on the minority nationalities, especially in the wake of the events of the past few decades. Preservation of the integrity of Sri Lanka as a united country is conditional upon dispelling
the fears of the mir about the prospec treated as equals by Thamil people of th Sri Lanka have ass hood and to deny reality. A united Sri a union of nations a needs to be volunt corporate the right
determination does
Self-determinatic to secede but not ne secession. It can be right to divorce, wl that every marria solved. Without th marriage is like denial of that right the survival of m The right to part c relationship more than one without th to secession makes union of nations fel enables them to exp ble way in which within the union as
Strangely, some who have little to d of the Thamil peopl ment that has wa Thamils in the nor that self-determina meaning, namely se accuse the LTTE of willing to negotiate in the framework Lanka. This is as position taken by th ists.
It is the duty of among the Sinhale
TAMILS LIVING IN THE
A Vanishing Cultu and Living in Slav
It will be more correct to say that the Tamils residing abroad live like slaves than to say that they live in luxury, said Rev. Fr. S.J. Emmanuel, VicarGeneral of the Catholic Church of Jaffna. He added that the Tamils earn money at the expense of their life only to spend it to save their vanity in making claims for a higher social status. The interview with Rev. Fr. Emmanuel on the condition of the Tamils living in Europe, following his return to Jaffna after a tour of a few European countries is given below.
C: You have retu, visit to some El Which countries uvhy?
A: I undertook a Canada, France, S and Germany. I tra tion of Mission, a organization in G asked me to addre Germany on the p) try in the Germa were two Indians with me. Some we

TAMIL TIMES 21
hority nationalities ts of their being the majority. The e north and east of erted their nationthis is to reject Lanka can only be and a stable union ary and hence into secession. Selfprecisely this.
on means the right 2cessarily the act of compared with the nich does not mean ge should be dise right to divorce, a prison and the does not guarantee arriage in reality. ompany makes the equal and stable hat right. The right the members of a el more secure and plore the best possithey could coexist
equal partners.
Thamil nationalists o with the struggle e against a governged war upon the th and east think tion has only one !cession. They even betrayal when it is a settlement with
of a united Sri mischievous as the Le Sinhala chauvin
f the progressives se to explain the
full implications of self-determination to the Sinhala masss so that they are not misiled by the chauvinists. The people have the right to know that self-determination means more than the right to secession. It should be explained to them that it also means, very importantly, the right of the nationalities concerned to seek solutions to the national question within the framework of a united Sri Lanka. Whether the answer is a federal state, regional autonomy or self government of another form within a unitary state is a matter for discussion and decision. It may also be useful to emphasise that the stability of the solution will be strengthened by the maximum possible devolution of power so as to strengthen democracy.
If the progressives fail to explain the meaning of self-determination as a matter of free choice by the nationalities and as the only way of achieving a
lasting, stable and just solution to the
national question, they will only be helping to destroy the prospects of a united Sri Lanka. This will be even worse than the mistake of the parliamentary left in the years between 1956 and 1977, when these leraned men and women kept quiet while Sinhala nationalists in the UNP and the SLFP chose to interpret the demand for a federal state as one for a separate state. The opportunism of the parliamentary left benefitted the SLFP and more significantly the UNP. If the left has not learnt the lessons of the seventeen years of UNP rule since 1977, they are doomed to relive the past much sooner than they would ever like to.
(Continued in next issue).
Je ery
rned recently after a uropean countries. did you visit and
three-month tour of witzerland, Britain velled at the invitaCatholic religious ermany. They had ss the Christians in roblem in our counin language. There and seven Africans 'e university profes
sors and the others were members of the clergy. I visited the other countries mainly to meet our Tamil people living there and to learn about their conditions.
Q: Do the Tamil people there practice our culture?
A: They cannot practise our culture there in the way that they could have done here at home. Some organizations and youth do, however, organize various festivals. They are scattered all over. It is not easy to live together. Consequently, it is difficult to adhere to our culture. In Toronto in Canada alone many thousands of Tamils are living. They are preserving their Tamil culture to some degree. They have been there for less than ten years or so and comprise the old, the middle aged and the youth. The young go to schools. There special Tamil classes .
Continued on page 23

Page 22
22 TAMILTIMES
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Page 23
15 JUNE 1995
Continued from page 21
are conducted. The parents conduct wedding ceremonies, birthday parties and other functions in conformity with Tamil culture. The older people meet in the evenings to discuss various matters. These activities are possible only in the summer and they withdraw during winter. Such activities are there to some extent in Britain and France. But the people in Switzerland and Germany are too scattered to be able to be involved.
Q: In what kind of circumstances do they live?
A: They are living like a backward group of serfs among a variety of communities. Language is a major problem for them. They suffer from the false notion that speaking in English will elevate their social status. Therefore they are keen to teach languages other than Tamil to their children. They think that it is below their dignity to speak Tamil. Even when they cannot understand the western language, they seek to speak in those languages to their children, because they fear that their children may learn Tamil. This mentality should change. I would explicitly recommend to them that they should speak to their children in Tamil at least in their homes. Q: Is there discrimination in education?
A: I am not aware of any. I have come across many youth receiving education in countries like Norway, there is emphasis on their education. But those who go to most of the other countries are keen to make money and shy away from education.
Q: Can you compare them with Tamils who live here?
A: Tamil youth here share a common social background and by fully subscribing to it live within a good disciplined structure. Those who live there seem to think that freedom means getting out of the grips of their parents and act like the proverbial starved bull that went straight for the dried stick. In the absence of any control, they take advantage of the freedoms they have in their countries of residence to take the path of evil. They seem to have gone completely alien to our social structure.
Q: Do they enjoy equality in all fields?
A: Our people live on foreign soil as mercenaries for work and wages. The society there considers them necessary, because, for the sake of money, they are ready to do all the third rate jobs that others will not like to do.
While some of the people of these countries clamour for their (Tamils)
expulsion, a sec they cannot su (Tamils) since th unwilling to do (Tamils) do.
Q: What type o available there?
A: However w may be, the bei Tamil appears to driver. They get menial jobs. Unc the foreign cour them high positio like aliens. Fort people use their jobs that could be As a result, they illnesses and a sh
Q: What are th pects?
A: Some Weste together and dec passport etc. in ( ance economically
As a result, th make concessions als without work. policies diminishe tunities for thos. Third World. It i. that they are foi difficult jobs, whe not.
Q: Have those achieved their goa
A: To make mc basic aim. While t. they expected, tl conforming to the the people of the live, they forget t and the purpose f abroad, and seekt Although they ha sets and other con in debt. They hav night to save m invest their savi (cheeta) to accumu of money they s here who do not pect larger sums The money is oft saving the refug maternity benefit sums of money in other indiscretion: few who earn with this fashion. The thus saved at the e is hardly apprecial
Q: What is the those living abroad
A: Many are tire existence. they wo the situation in tl for the better. It w come empty-hand

ion openly says that vive without them native population is the jobs that they
job opportunities are
ell-educated a Tamil t job available to a be that of a vehicleecond and third rate er no conditions are tries willing to give ns. Aliens are treated e sake of money our physical labour to do done by machinery. become susceptible to ortened life span.
ir employment pros
in countries have got ded to have a single ommon and to adv
ey give priority and to their own nationThe adoption of such s employment oppora who go from the s as a result of this ced to accept more ther they like it or
who live abroad ls forgoing there? oney has been their hey earn as much as ney save little. By standard of living of country where they heir own standards or which they went o lead a life of pomp. ave cars, television nmodities, they live e to work day and eagre sums. They ngs in chit bonds late the small sums end home. Parents understand this exrom their children. en accumulated by ee allowances and s. Some lose large ambling horses and ... There are only a out being trapped in fact that money is xpense of their lives ed by people here. current attitude of 2
of this mechanical uld like to return if e country changes ll be no good if they 2d. They need to
TAMIL TIMES 23
come with some capital to invest for their future. Only then can they do some small jobs and earn a living. I have explained this well to them and they realize it. Some have embraced the western way of life and hate to return.
I emphasised to those who expressed a desire to return and wanted to know the situation here that they need to be in the frame of mind that is willing to accept the new leadership and to be controlled by it.
Q: Why do our young Tamil men in the west not like the young Tamil women who live there?
A: Tamil women who have lived there for long have absorbed western culture and take advantage of the laws of the country. As a result a large number of women divorce their husbands. Because of this, it seems that, they think that by selecting a bride from here they can keep her entirely under their control.
Q: What will you like to say in conclusion to Tamils living in the uvest?
A: I told them: You who have gone to the west from our country should link eastern culture with western culture and eliminate all aspects that are in conflict with our culture while absorbing all the good aspects. Do not accept everything that is western. When you went abroad, starting with Thaandikkulam, you have continued to live there by tarnishing our struggles by spreading falsehoods. At least in the future, you should make amends for this by clarifying the purpose of our struggle and wipe off the blemishes caused by you. You should also make your contribution to our struggle.
Q: What is your message to the young men and uvomen uvho uvant to leave our soil and go west?
A: Grass on the other side is greener.. The Tamils who live there have lost all their joys. While we here are struggling to live as free men, our people go there and live like serfs as in. the days of the old colonial rule and serve the whites like slaves. Of those who went, only a few have attained their goals. If you have the resources, do tour the west. That will be welcome. It is stupid to want to reside there.
(Courtesy: Kalaththil, (Tamil weekly published by the LTTE in London, 24.2.1995).
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Page 24
24, TAMIL TIMES
B-CONTINENTAL
Charar-e-Sharief Burns, C Splits and Rao in Cri
T.N. Gopalan
Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao is not exactly fiddling. But his sheer unflappability in the face of serious crises overtaking the nation as also his own party is both amazing and unnerving.
In a fit of pique, Chief Minister Jayalalitha had compared him, nearly three years ago, to a buffalo - she actually used a Tamil proverb meaning like a buffalo walking on nonchalantly amid a rain of oil. That was in the course of a private conversation with a select group of journalists in New Delhi.
Those who were put off by those remarks, evidently in bad taste, are now beginning to wonder whether using even stronger language to describe Rao would after all be very right.
A shrine dedicated to the memory of a famous Sufi saint, Nooruddin Noorani, second most sacred monument for the Kashmiris after the Hazratball, has been reduced to ashes in a crossfire between the security forces and the militants and therewith the dreams of the Rao regime about restoring normalcy at an early date in the strife-torn valley.
In another development, the Congress has split yet again, with Mr. Arjun Singh and his supporters walking out and claiming that their outfit is the "real' Congress.
But the Rao government is going about as if nothing much has happened raising serious questions on its very bona fides. Will the country’s interests be safe in Rao's hands? How long could Kashmir be retained as part of the Indian Union? How long the country itself is going to remain in one piece? Such are the questions agitating the minds of the observers here.
The Hazratball shrine, which is believed to house a strand from the beard of Prophet Mohammed, was patronised by Sheikh Abdullah, the then Chief Minister of Kashmir, and so it became politically significant too. Af. ter the dismissal of his government in 1953, his rival, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed, turned to the Charar-e- Sharief, near the Line of Control (LOC), for inspiration and made it his political base.
Situated in the Badgam district,
hardly 45 km fre Charar shrine attr both the Hindu : The shrine was an ment to the best s Sufism, an almo: view, but essenti Islam - and a mo glorious traditions The Kashmiri str had remained secu
Back in 1990, th mir Liberation Fr essentially secular call for azadi (free one of the bigges history of Kashm sed then.
Though the t faded out since tl the haunt of milit: border - they use out periodically, from launching a inside the shrine (
Since the arm successful in flush from Hazratball shedding a drop they hoped to do a of Charar too and shrine.
The fact remain Hazratball most o surrendered wer quently, but the expose the misuse by the militants a mination to put a sirable practices E ing some goodwill masses by its tact issue. But all th; flames now.
As early as Dec. tants had enter started using the fabulations. But ( year, the army throwing a massi Charar. The army tire out the 75-odd in the shrine. But significant differ those involved in and the Charar va
While it was es militants who ha Hazratball, it was
 

15 JUNE 1995
ongress sis
om Sri Nagar, the acted devotees from and Muslim faiths. outstanding monusecular traditions of st syncretic worldally deriving from nument also to the of the Kashmiriyat. uggle for liberation ular till recently.
e Jammu and Kashont, perceived as an
force, had given the dom) at Charar and t gatherings in the ir had been witnes
own's significance hen, it also became ants from across the d to slip in and slip but they refrained any operation from or the town.
y authorities were ing out the militants last year without of blood, apparently in en core in the case so laid a siege to the
is that in the case of f the militants who e released subse
army was able to of religious places nd express its detern end to such unde»ven while generatamong the Kashmir tful handling of the at has gone up in
ember last the milied the town and shrine for their cononly by March this swung into action, ve dragnet around y perhaps hoped to militants holed up t then there was a ence between the the Hazratball siege riety.
sentially the JKLF d taken refuge in some hard-boiled
characters dancing to the tune of their masters in Pakistan who figured in the Charar episode. The latter were necessarily much more fanatical and fundamentalist than the other group.
The more or less secular JKLF would not have liked to hurt people's feelings by damaging the shrine, whatever its position in the radical Wahabi traditions.
Offering prayers at tombs is anathematic to the Wahabis, and the Charar group, belonging as it did to that militant Islamic tradition, would have no great respect for the shrine itself, and worse, they might even have been planning to get rid of the "ugly sight' once and for all.
And so even as the army was flaunting its siege operations and warning the militants to surrender straightaway, offering them safe passage back to Pakistan and so on, they were busy fortifying their positions by building bunkers and mining the area with improvised explosive devices and booby-traps rigged with LPC cylinders.
Further since these persons were put up in a bustling town, the army could not succeed in starving them out as it was able to in the case of Hazratbal. Meantime the Charar residents moved out in large numbers, leaving behind an almost empty town.
Finally on May 11, the shrine was all aflame and the fire spread to the near by houses. The fire-tenders could not approach the burning area for several hours because of sniper fire.
In the ensuing melee, many of the militants including Mast Gul, allegedly from Afghanistan, were able to make good their escape.
While circumstantial evidence seems to point to the hand of the militants behind the Charar fire, it is just not conceivable that the army would have dared do such a thing, the people at large seem to believe or at least say so for the record that the shrine should have been destroyed in the cross-fire and blame the Indian government squarely for the tragedy.
Correspondents who toured the valley after the incident almost unanimously say that by its inept handling the army has now totally alienated the Kashmiris and prospects for restoration of normalcy are bleak.
Immediately after the burning down of the shrine, Mr. Rao admitted in a press interview that the incident was indeed a serious set-back, but maintained that the insurgency in the valley had 'died down', but that only “terrorism lingered on'.
He also vowed to go ahead with the

Page 25
15 JUNE 1995
elections. Observers were aghast. Given the surcharged atmosphere in Kashmir, there were protest marches and arson in many places for several days, there was no way free and fair elections could be held, it was felt. But Rao perhaps hoped to bluster his way through with vague talk of autonomy, little realising the Kashmiris were more alienated from the Indian mainstream than ever in the past.
However wisdom seemed to have dawned upon the government at lastElection Commissioner T.N. Seshan offering himself as a convenient front for the beleaguered government and saying that elections could not be held in the present troubled atmosphere in Kashmir.
Many impartial observers are finding fault with the administration of Gen. K.V. Krishna Rao, and want him removed as Governor of Kashmir and dialogue initiated with the All Party Hurriyat Conference to start with. But Rao is in no hurry to do any of those things, especially when elections are only less than a year away and the communal BJP would be a major rival of the Congress.
And the Congress itself is now riven with serious dissensions.
Former Union Resources Minister and a strongman from Madhya Pradesh, Mr. N.D. Tiwari, a leader from the UP besides the irrepressible Vazhapadi K. Ramamurthy from Tamil Nadu and their associates walked out of the Cong-I, held their own convention at New Delhi, deposed Rao as the President - whose term had any way expired, they maintained - elected Tiwari as the new President and Arjun Singh as the Working President.
It is not clear on what issue they fell out with Rao except that they talk big about secularism and the need for a human face to the economic reforms. They of course do talk of the need for integrity in public life - but nobody takes these rebels on that count seriously - one they themselves have so many skeletons tucked up inside their own respective cupboards and two they would not breathe a word on the scandals which afflicted the Rajiv regime.
In fact they are trying to spread the impression that Rao is deliberately going slow on the extradition of Prabhakaran and on otherwise unearthing the conspiracy behind the assassination, evidently in a bid to win over the Rajiv-loyalists.
To be even more specific, the dissidents have been trying hard to woo Mrs. Sonia Gandhi who has thus far shied away from taking any side in the
intra-party tussle made a half-hearte the split, phoning u the rebel conventio seems to be cut result, but there ar her taking to activa
Whether her do yield any dividend moot point. For tl opposition parties c
Sasikal
She was running a ten years ago and lowly official in th Public Relations D State Government.
But today the col have struck it rich levels. At this rate shame the legend some day, note sar tics.
Politically too th acquire an amazin proportionate to t nominally at least, private persons.
But Chief Mini confidante Ms. Sasi band Mr. Nataraja shadows on the p essentially remain gures - one could se presence anywhere but it vould be pret to grips with what t. real nature of thei Jayalalitha.
While allegedly N exiled from the Poe of Jayalalitha, Sasil ly ensconced as a tr the mercurial Chief into an apoplectic ra cast any aspersion sions and commissi
And so when the reports to the effect being interrogated ment Directorate ir havala (money-la Jayalalitha could ni she came out with a ing hot, almost shal indignation, hitting were spreading fal out her confidante like a sister to he sahodhari, to quo

TAMIL TIMES 25
. She reportedly d attempt to avoid p Rao on the eve of n, but in vain. She up with Rao as a e no signs as yet of 2 politics.
ing so now would s for her is also a he BJP and other ould go to town on
the revival of the dynastic rule.
Whatever it is an already weakened Congress should stand to suffer even more consequent on the split. But surprisingly, in the latest round of Assemby elections the party could win ten out of 24 seats, though in its traditional pockets.
Only time can say whether the Cong-I can lumber on like this for long.
NADU NEWSLETTER
a Factor Looms Large
by T.N. Gopalan, Madras
humble video joint ner husband was a e Information and Department of the
uple and their clan 1 to mind-boggling
they could put to ary king Croesus donically their cri
ney have come to g clout, quite disheir standing as, non-political, very
ster Jayalalitha’s ikala and her husn are casting long olitical scene, but
very ethereal fiinse their awesome and everywhere, ty difficult to come hey are up to or the relationship with
Natarajan has been s Garden residence kala herself is firmusted confidante of Minister who flies age if anyone dares on Sasikalas omis
OS. re were persistent , that Sasikala was by the Enforceconnection with a undering) racket, ot contain herselfstatement, blisterting with righteous out at those who se propaganda abSasikala, who was r, (Udan piravaa a Jayalalitha) and
strongly denying that her confidante had been interrogated.
And even as the people were reicovering from the fusillade, trying to figure out as to why a Chief Minister should go out of her way to exonerate a person who was no more than an aide to her, came the news that Sasikala's men had bludgeoned a freedomfighter's family into selling her a piece of prime real estate at much below the market price.
As it happened that Mahatma Gandhi had once stayed in the bungalow situated on the land in question, the Congress-men took to the streets, protesting the demolition of the bungalow, terming it an outrage.
Though nothing much came of it all, the fact remains with the media, almost totally disenchanted with Jayalalitha, relentlessly carrying story after story on Sasikala's greed and terror tactics, the CM's image took a lot of battering.
The the Enforcement Directorate officially denied that they had interrogated Sasikala, reliable sources in the Directorate asserted that she had been named a suspect in a multi-crore havala racket and that the matter was being inquired into.
A Muslim businessman from Ramnad district in southern Tamil Nadu, allegedly the king-pin in the racket - essentially transferring cars and other foreign currencies to parties here and vice versa in violation of the relevant foreign exchange regulations - is absconding. But one of his accomplices, a prominent jeweller of the city and hailing from Colombo has already been nabbed and he is supposed to have spilled the beans, getting Sasikala into trouble.
But she seems to be carrying on her
Continued on page 26

Page 26
26 TAM TIMES
Continued from page 25
business as usual, her name nowadays linked with all kinds of real estate deals - the Sasikala clan is believed to be virtually gobbling up the State in a frenetic spree.
Poor Natarajan who had initially taken Jayalalitha under his wings when she was a political rookie has been thrown out of the Poes Garden and frustrated in his ambitions to become the Shadow Chief Minister of the state.
Sasikala herself is spending most of her time in the CM's bungalow and is almost the latter's inseparable companion except when she goes to the Assembly. Though Sasikala and her husband are virtually living apart from each other, they are not divorced, but said to be taking care of each other's interests.
It was Rajiv Gandhi who reportedly had warned Jayalalitha against Natarajan's machinations - during the split in the AIADMK after MGR’s death, it was Natarajan who was lording the show in the Jayalalitha faction, distributing tickets during the 1989 election, carrying on political negotiation on her behalf, and so on, but was unceremoniously dumped after Rajiv's warning.
Sasikala has evidently been more careful and managed to flourish. Some of Jayalalitha's critics even seek to paint in lurid colours the relationship between the two, but nothing is known for sure.
Swamy Fracas
It was Dr. Subramaniam Swamy who inspired the rumours on the interrogation of Sasikala - incidentally the Madras press virtually eats off the hands of Dr. Swamy who is always generous with unverified, even unverifiable information; inevitably so under a regime so opaque.
And so the State Government is gunning for him like never before. Already the mighty lady is furious with him for seeking to prosecute her on corruption charges.
First the State Government sought to arrest him under the Protection of Civil Rights Act for describing LTTE leader Prabhakaran as an international pariah — to call someone an untouchable is a crime, but only when the person hails himself from a scheduled caste, the government tried nevertheless.
But with the Supreme Court ruling that even if Swamy was arrested, he should be released forthwith on his own bond and general derision the exercise evoked, Jayalalitha chose to give it a quiet burial.
But within day counsellors came ul now it is Dr. Swam on the run.
Ravi, an accused case of last year, a the TADA, surren Designated Court a nishing 'confession' mi had harboured absconding and the gated him to stage tion attempt again and later throw the litha!
Now reports are self could be arra TADA, even though lapsed - any fresh ca already existing one
Major Prob
The government i. major offensive int. territory on the per the military brass tively respond to proposal to laun assault to capture v including, according sources, the town were promptly trar key positions held important among t A.M. U. Se niver appointed Overall mander early this was widely reportec The disaffection cau change in the arm structure among m and their men in th evident in some of was so because tl
consensus among n who take a keen int of the armed force A.M.U. Seniveratr soldier who had pr Eelam War Two.
Since the comme War Three the arn working on a long te at consolidating th first, thereby confi the north where it them, stagnate an cally applied milit teriorate in due cou The governmen drawn up a basic pl LTTE militarily wh the principles of th

15 JUNE 1995
s thereafter, her ) with a gem and y who seems to be
in a bomb blast nd wanted under dered before the nd made an asto— he claimed Swahim when he was former had instia fake assassinast Swamy himself blame on Jayala
that Swamy himigned under the
the Act itself had ise arising from an under the TADA
could be prosecuted under the same Act not withstanding its expiry seems to be the reading.
Swamy seems to be really scared and has been keeping away from the State for over a month now. Even a photograph produced before the court showing Swamy and Ravi together has been seen to be a fake, but Swamy would like to be doubly sure that no harm comes to him before continuing with his anti-Jaya crusade in Tamil Nadu.
Interestingly the Dravidar Kazahagam - to which Ravi supposedly belonged, but expelled before the explosion - is taking an active interest in the case. Its secretary K. Veeramani is
demanding the arrest of Swamy under the TADA.
Offensive in Jaffna lems and Prospects
- by D.P. Sivaram, Colombo -
s preparing for a o LTTE controlled insula. Sections of who did not posithe government's ch the proposed ital parts of Jaffna g to some informed and its environs, sferred out of the by them. The most hem is Maj. Gen. atne who was
Operations Comyear. The matter in the local press. used by the sudden y's field command any senior officers he battle front was the write ups. This nere is a general many in the South erest in the affairs es that Maj. Gen. he is an efficient oved his worth in
ncement of Eelam my brass had been arm strategy aimed e eastern province ning the LTTE to would, according to d, with systematiary pressure, de
SE.
it, however, had an to deal with the nich little reflected e strategy adopted
by the army commanders.
The Deputy Minister for Defence appears to have had this plan in mind when he told Parliament early last month that his government had a 'secret plan' to crush the LTTE.
But when the Deputy Minister for Defence put the matter before the army's top field commanders in the north he was told that it was not possible to implement it within the timeframe suggested by the minister and due to the ground realities in the northern theatre of operations. The Minister was not pleased with the reasons outlined by the Overall Operations Commander Maj. Gen. A.M.U. Seniveratne as to why the armed forces were not in a position to capture Jaffna or at least parts thereof. Maj. Gen. A.M.U.’s views were supported by Maj. Gen. Gemunu Kulatunge who was Commander of the Army's Task Force 2 in the north.
Both of them were removed from their posts the next day.
Though this was generally reported in the press, there was no mention of the Jaffna plan or the exact reasons outlined by the O.O.C. and the G.O.C. Task Force 2 in any of the news stories and weekend situation reports. The Ravaya (a Sinhala weekly) however, carried a lead story later (2.6.95) that the government was about to launch a major operation into LTTE held areas of the peninsula and that the sudden change in the command structure was
Continued on page 28

Page 27
15 JUNE 1995
BOOK
REVEDW
Kachchativu and the Problems of Indian Fishermen in the Palk Bay Region By V. Suryanarayan Published by T.R. Publications,
Madras 600 017, 1994, Price Rs. 100, Pages: 74
Review by Prof. Bertram Bastiampillai, Dept. of History & Political Science, University of Colombo. This attractively got up little book, well published, and furnished with valuable information tables and other useful data, inclusive of references that will be of help to students and interested readers, is really in the
nature of an extended critical essay.
The main text runs through only 42 pages.
Prof. Suryanarayan examines the problems of Indian fishermen in the Palk Bay arising from their activities in the waters around Kachchativu in a dispassionate manner. He indicates the importance of fishing in the economy of the Indian people inhabiting the areas close to Kachchativu, and the sea around. To these fishermen, prawns which fetch so much money have 'a magnetic pull that they pay no heed to international boundaries. Likewise, in the quest for their quarry fishermen of several countries poach in areas that they should not drift into as the Sri Lankan fishermen enter the Arabian sea and the Maldivian seas in search of tuna.
However, there is at present tension arising out of 'a conflict of interests'. As the author points out in the interests of 'good neighbourly relations', New Delhi and Colombo have “concluded the maritime agreements of 1974 and 1976, which ceded Kachchativu to Sri Lanka’. Yet, notwithstanding these agreements, Indian fishermen '... will not easily give up a means of livelihood they have enjoyed for several centuries'. This tenacity becomes understandable when one notes that there is a fair number dependent on fishing for their livelihood in Tamil Nadu. Almost one fifth of the total fishermen population of India are there. Their contribution accounts for 19 per cent of the total marine production of the whole country.
Problems have arisen from these fishermen who enter into waters that have led to "incidents of harassment and intimidation by the Sri Lankan
Navy...'. As Sur this situation is further, Kachchat bone of contention likely to become as only between India also between Madr, The Chief Minister no choice but to esp constituency that is cally. No wonder approves of “the g Kachchativu to Sri litha exploited the c 15th of August, 19 the national flag sl tionally popular cal take a pledge to I ...'. Leaders of the the state also have in demonstrating t happy that the Cent Kachchativu to Sri
But Professor Sł his own careful an discussion had ar claims to Kachchat in convincing fash Suryanarayan, how doubt Kachchativ Lanka, historically India. In proof of h cites evidence in pa further on in his st as a judicious sche bases on which t countries lie to this strategic significan
In section VII oft ayan examines t perception on the between Madras a New Delhi, the acce a policy of friendsh operation with her reinforced by Mr. view which is pres Referring to Indira daranaike stated displayed . . . . grea resolving whateve) had with India'.
Both the 1974 an are reasonably dis( 23 to 30. From the ences of interpret standing between II prevailed. In 1974, neither create nor co fishermen and pilgh gave an undertaki) and pilgrims need in documents to visit the problem is whe island also gave to any fishing rights.
In more recent tin the ethnic conflict ha already existing di the Tamil Nadu fish
 

TAM TIMES 27
yanarayan fears if permitted to grow ivu which is the in the context "is burce of tension not and Sri Lanka, but as and New Delhi'. of Tamil Nadu has ouse the cause of a vital to her politihen that she disifting away. . . . of Lanka'. J. Jayalahance when on the 91, while hoisting he raised the emoin Tamil Nadu "to 'etrieve the island other parties too in competed with her hat they were unre in India had left Lanka. helton Kodikara in alysis and incisive gued Sri Lanka’s ivu, sometime back mion. According to rever, while now no u belongs to Sri it had belonged to is point of view he ges 9-11, and even .udy. Nevertheless, olar he quotes the he claims of both 'sheer rock with no ce". he book, Suryanarhe differences in Kachchativu issue nd New Delhi. To nt was on 'evolving lip and mutual coheighbours.' This is s. Bandaranaike’s ented on page 22. Gandhi, Mrs. Banthat "She always t statesmanship in r problems. . . we
d 1976 agreements tussed from pages beginning, differation and underndia and Sri Lanka the agreement did onfer new rights on ims, and Colombo ng that fishermen kot take any travel Kachchativu. But ther access to the
Indian fishermen
mes, the “fall out' of as compounded the fferences between ermen and the Sri
Lankan Security authorities over the use, especially of the waters off Kachchativu. As a result of sharper vigilance both by India and Sri Lanka over the Palk Bay region because of its use by the militants for illicit purposes, Indian fishermen had fallen victim to the Sri Lankan navy's anti-militant measures. The Tamil Nadu government documents that attacks by the Sri Lankan navy increased between 1983 and 1991.
Consequently, the political fall out has been the spate of complaints from Madras to New Delhi clamouring for "immediate action to protect the interests of Tamil Nadu fishermen'. In addition, Chief Minister Jayalalitha did not spare Colombo in her recriminations. Sensitive to those incidents affecting the Tamil Nadu fishermen, the Indian government reacted by entering into discussions with Sri Lanka. For instance, when Colombo endeavoured to prohibit the use of boats by resorting to an enactment of an Emergency Regulation in 1993, the Indian High Commission protested, and Sri Lanka amended the regulations. Nevertheless, when official talks took place in 1994, they could not arrive at an agreement to deal with the problem of Kachchativu, the Indian fishermen and the Sri Lankan navy. Sri Lanka has also argued that the LTTE in an endeavour to create a rift between India and Sri Lanka had fired on Indian fishermen. This complicated the question even more.
The writer's final section entitled “Towards a solution' is rather interesting indeed. He accepts that it is now not possible to revive the question of the right to the ownership of Kachchativu which the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is still urging on the Centre. Instead, Suryanarayan suggests that India could negotiate with Sri Lanka to obtain Kachchativu and its adjacent seas on "lease in perpetuity', which will allow the Tamil Nadu fishermen to continue their activities as they had been doing for long. He cites as a precedent that India had leased for use by Bangladeshis in perpetutiy Tin Bigha in May 1974 while retaining sovereignty over it. Apparently, Thomas Abraham, a former Indian High Commissioner in Sri Lanka too seems to favour such an arrangement.
Thomas Abraham regards that India being magnanimous on Kachchativu and hoping that she could buy thereby Sri Lankan friendship as naive. He adds that Sri Lanka relates to India on the basis of "a whole series of historical fears that are complex'. Moreover, he conjectures that Col
Continued on page 28

Page 28
28 TAMIL TIMES
Continued from page 27
ombo might not even have appreciated that "Delhi deviated from the median line in order to see that Kachchativu fell outside the Indian side'. Abrahams comments that Sri Lanka is “very firm that Kachchativu was their territory'.
Therefore Suryanarayan concludes that arranging for a lease in perpetuity of Kachchativu and the water lapped by it for use of Indian fishermen is a practical and fair solution. India in turn could reciprocate with certain concessions to Sri Lanka in regard to the outer edge of the continental margin in the South of the Bay of Bengal
which is yet to be fi of the view that T. think allong simila Delhi to shed its com a dialogue with Col believes that after down on the LTTE Tamil Nadu should | in Colombo. In fact, : Suryanarayan’s boo mas Abraham witl terest in Indian-SI had apparently sug Nadu should have a Lankan affairs, so t benign inputs into I policy.
Suryanarayan w grounds his views ol
Continued from page 26
made by the government with a view to facilitate the plan.
The Ravaya story also failed to give the point of view of the commanders who had not responded positively to the government’s suggestions of taking the peninsula or parts of it. The President has already indicated to the P.A.'s parliamentary group about the impending operation into Jaffna.
It appears that very little attention has been paid by the government to the concerns expressed by the field commanders in its current preparations to go ahead with the Jaffna operation. The P.A. government needs a major and successful assault into Jaffna to placate the Sinhala Buddhist lobby in the south which has become quite vociferous since Eelam War Three was declared by the LTTE on 19 April. The killing of the Dimbulagala Thero and the manner in which the UNP set about to promote and to exploit what seemed to be a general wave of sympathy and sorrow among Sinhala Buddhists has increased the pressures on the P.A. government to show the south that they are acting quite tough on the Tigers, and the best way to do it, in their view, is to thrust successfully into Jaffna. The following are some of the problems currently faced by the army in battling its way towards Jaffna.
a) During the latter phase of Eelam War Two the army had begun paying great attention to its Counter Insurgency program in the eastern province. This required the army to raise a large number of special troops which were trained in jungle warfare and other types of special operations in the hinterland zones of the east. The army came to soon believe that the counter insurgency program in the east was becoming a great success. Hence to consolidate the gains and to hit what the army believed to be pockets of
Tiger resistance wh the east, almost al under the Indepen trained in counter the eastern terrain prises jungle, shru interspersed with i lets.
Now, if the army the peninsula, it wil its fighting in buil requires special tr gage in close comb: ment. Most of the peninsula are notol but are crisscrosse lanes and by lanes compound the prob built up area at cl requires, in the vie manders, a lot of sp in urban warfare v brunt of the fighti into Tiger territory This means that a of the army's specia retrained in urban larly of the type th the built up areas The retraining tak experience. Furthe forces may have reallocating many the battles in Jaffn under a lot of press and they have bee in their ranks du frontations in the than the number til to recruit in the lat War Two. The nee trained in urban pressing at presen majority of the sol have not been dep offensive into the p time, they have bee extended holding o defeat of Operation That was the last a

15 JUNE 1995
halised. And he is .mil Nadu should I lines, and get placency and open ombo. The author the recent crack , the goodwill of low not be suspect it the launching of in Madras, Thohis abiding ini Lankan affairs gested that Tamil Department of Sri hat it could make India’s Sri Lankan
ites lucidly and evidence derived
from agreements and discussions between India and Sri Lanka, and other relevant vital data. The style in which the study is written shows the author's flair not only to be serious and analytical but also even to be poetic as the first section vividly illustrates. Though brief, it is a masterly and investigative survey of a problem which has engaged much attention in Indian, especially in Tamil Nadu politics, and should not suffer from neglect or indif. ference.
This is a useful study not only for those concerned with India-Sri Lanka relations such as Shelton Kodikara and Mervyn de Silva. It is equally important reading for foreign policy makers and advisers.
ich had survived in | the special forces dent Brigade were insurgency ops in which mostly comb and marshland mpoverished ham
r has to move into l have to do most of It up areas which Oops that can enat in such environmain sectors of the nly full of buildings d with a maze of which can further lem of fighting in a ose quarters. This w of the field comecial troops trained which can take the ng when thrusting in the peninsula. substantial portion ll forces have to be warfare - particuby have to wage in
of the peninsula. es time and some rmore, the special some difficulty in men to prepare for a because they are ure in the east now n losing more men e to regular conPastern hinterland ley have been able er please of Eelam for special troops warfare is quite
because the vast diers in the north oyed in any major eninsula for a long n tied down to over perations since the Yal Devi in 1993. tempt made by the
Sri Lankan armed forces during the UNP regime to thrust out of a military base in the peninsula to secure a specific target in a Tiger controlled sector of the peninsula.
In these circumstances it is felt that these troops, attuned for more than one and a half years to be on the defensive, could become cannon fodder for the LTTE if thrust into the built up areas of Jaffna without well trained special forces securing beachheads and fighting ahead. Nevertheless, it appears that the government is keen to pull out a large number of regular soldiers from the eastern province for the Jaffna offensive. Although many local commanders who had been in the forefront of securing the east during Eelam War Two are not happy with the idea particularly at this juncture when the LTTE is giving the armed forces a bad time in that region, the government seems to be working on the assumption that the temporary set back in the hinterland zones of the east can quickly be rectified once the LTTE's power is crushed substantially in the peninsula; these zones being easy to penetrate and their sources of supply easy to interdict.
b) Casualty evacuation is the second major problem faced by the army at present in undertaking an offensive into the peninsula. None of the bases in the north have adequate facilities to deal with serious injuries sustained by soldiers in battle.
But the LTTE's anti-aircraft potential has made casualty evacuation by air quite a dangerous and precarious task.
The problem before the commanders at the front then is this: if the LTTE were to deploy anti-aircraft units at every decisive point where there is heavy fighting, especially in built up areas, how can casualties be evacuated without jeopardising the limited number of helicopters in the Air Force?

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15 JUNE 1995
READERS FORUM
RELIGIOUS CONVERSIONS
NOW we are told that all those offensive and ill-founded statements by Hoole in his article in the Tamil Times of December 1994 and the numerous footnotes that accompanied it were merely to make the Thamils think. (See footnote 1 of the response of Hoole in Tamil Times, May 1995). It is very kind of Ratnajeevan H. Hoole to concede that the Thamils have the capability to think, but unfortunately many people appear to see his motives to be other than to make anybody think. It may be because they don't think, at least, in the way Hoole thinks. What is equaly interesting is that the question of conversion to Christianity is seen by him as the only serious objection raised by those who responded to his article (footnotes). The only reason why people referred to that matter was because he was imputing certain motives to the conversion of C.W. Thaamotharampillai in his earlier article.
He has chosen to ignore the more important objections raised in the responses, and "Thamils who can think' can draw their own conclusions.
Turning to the question of conversion, Hoole has been rather selective in his choice of historical material. His statistics about the Thamil population that converted to Christianity imply that not only the Saiva Vellala of Yaalpaanam became Christian but also the oppressed castes who changed to the 'official religion'. If they reverted back to Saivaism when they had the chance, several centuries later, that reveals something about the statistics and the nature of the conversion. The Portuguese could only force the majority to pretend to be Catholics but not really convert them. The point made by him about the possibility that the "true Hindus' probably moved onto Vanni is idle speculation which will certainly warm the cockles of Sinhala Buddhist Chauvinists who are all out to deny a traditional Thamil homeland outside the peninsula.
The Portuguese did not win converts to Catholicism on the east coast except in urban Thirukkonamalai and Mathakkalappu, and both towns still have a dark-skinned burgher community that has proudly preserved its ethnic identity as a significant part of the urban Society. Conversions happened on a larger scale on the west coast. The Sinhalese, in contrast to the claims made by Hoole. also pretended to have changed their faith. The adop
tion of surnames su Silva, Peiris and
which is really a Por by the Sinhalese on t as much for surviva sion' in the north. T not have much acc regions which were
of the Kandian Kin degrees. Conversion: mon among certain others for this reaso
Hoole is correct ir mass conversions a have generally invo ment of force. Volu on a mass scale h occurred in recent ti gesture. What is in wherever religion ha political power, it h tool that propped u Even religions lik Buddhism, which ar humanitarian majol world, could not esc in the oppression of other faiths. The Sai the Thamil South o analysed objectively N. Vaanamaamalai pathi, who interpre' the time in terms of
Conversion to Cl the British happened different from those guese. Protestant child of capitalism, ha to dominate Europ itself had taken its wards monopoly cap ish interestingly, op American missionar ties were carefully south. The politics C changed and so had ducements other tha used and paid divide living today have ha dence if not experien sions took place. T schools (which was than a full-scale ta was a Sinhala-Bud response to the eve What is particular that, while the Musl converts among Tha of religious signific changed their religio went for foreign sur religious significance that I need to give ex er the motives were they were as much circumstances as o' differently.
The fact that the F led to electoral succe ership of the Christi

TAMIL TIMES 29
ch as Perera, de even Fernando, tuguese forename he west coast was l as was "converhe Portuguese did ess to the island under the control gdom to different s Were Ore CO:aste groups than
. recognizing that |l over the world ved a strong ellentary conversions ave nevertheless mes as a political teresting is that, s sought refuge in as ended up as a p the oppressors. ke Jainism and e by far the most
religions of the
cape participation the upholders of va-Jain conflict in f India has been by people such as and K. Kailaasated the events of class conflicts.
nristianity under in circumstances under the PortuChristianity, the ad by then started 2 and capitalism
initial steps toitalism. The Britened the north to ies, whose activirestricted in the if conversion had
its methods. Inn fear of life were nds. Many people ad first-hand evice of how converhe “take-over' of more an opt-out ke-over) in 1960 dhist nationalist ints of the past. y interesting is ims and Catholic mils chose names ance when they n, the protestants names with little . (I don't thinks amples). Whatev
of these people,
victims of their hers who acted
ederal Party was ss under the leadan S.J.V. Chelva
nayakam and the fact that a far more capable and popular leader like C. Vanniasingam willingly took second place showed that religion was not the main issue as far as the elite of the Thamil Saivites and Christians of Yaalpaanam was concerned. Caste has, however, been of importance, even to Christians, who had nominally neglected everything that went with Hinduism. It was only in 1977, nearly three decades after the founding of the Federal Party, that the TULF, its successor, fielded its first parliamentary candidate from an oppressed caste, although such castes constituted between 30 and 40% of the population of the peninsula.
As for Hoole's obsession with matters of a sexual nature (see footnote 41 in T.T., May '95 and some others earlier), I do not think that I can be of much help. Such things need to be dealt with at a personal level and by professionally qualified persons.
Before I conclude, I think that a brief note on the question of a uste will be appropriate in the contex of the comment by Satchi Sri Kantha (T.T. May '95) on the review of the book by S.V. Raajathurai (T.T. April '95). The caste system was the Indian equivalent of a class system in feudal society. It is inappropriate to a modern capitalist society because it restricts social mobility in a way that hinders social development and imposes an additional burden on a section of the population.
While the feudal class structure in Europe has mostly given way to a new class structure under capitalism, the , caste system lingers on in India, despite major social changes. What was objectionable about M.K. Gandhi's approach was his patronizing attitude as opposed to the more egalitarian view of people such as Jawaharlal Nehru.
S. Sivasegaram,
47 Camberley Avenue, London, SW20.
Property For Sale Located in sought after area of Colombo 6, currently being used as two large selfcontained apartments. Easily converted to a large two storey family home (20.72 perches/- 4500 sq. feet. Asking price £105,000 ono. Contact: O181715 6585 until 20th July, thereafter at: O181 395 7897.

Page 30
30 TAMIL TIMES
CLASSIFIED ADS
First 20 words e 10. Each additional word 60p. Cha
BOX No. 23. (Wat 17/2%o extra) Prepayment essential
The Advertisement Manager, anni Times Ltd., PO Box 121 Sutton, Surrey SM13TD
Phone: 0181-644 0972 Fax: 0181-241 4557
MATRMONIAL Hindu parents, British citizens, Seek bu Sin e SS minded educated groom for attractive graduate daughter, 27, starting in business in London. Send full details with horOscope. M 792 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu sister seeks goodlooking educated bride under 30 for Canadian Citizen brother, 35, Mars afflicted, computer science qualified. Send details, photo, horoscope. M 793 c/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu sister seeks partner for attractive Sister, 40, accountant in employment in London. Send horoscope, details M 794 C/o Tamil Tinnes.
Jaffna Hindu parents seek professional groom for medical doctor, only daughter, 30, working in Sri Lanka as lecturer. Send details. M 795 C/o Tamil Times.
Jaffna Hindu parents seek professional, pretty bride for accountant son, 30, working in Colombo. Send horoscope/ details. P. O.Box 33823, Granada Hills, CA 91394, USA.
Catholic sister seeks educated bride and qualified groom for American Citizen businesman brother, 31, and educated Sister, 21, in Sri Lanka. Send details, photograph. M 797 c/o Tamil Times.
WEDDING BELLS
We congratulate the following couples on their recent uvedding. Manju Velayuthapillai and Mark James on 3rd June 1995 at Danforth Chapel, University of Kansas, Lawrence, U.S.A. Dr. Balarajan (Rajan) son of Mr. & Mrs. T. Yogarajah of 18 Inner Fairline Road, Dehiwela, and Poonkothai (Sumi) daughter of the late Professor A. Sathasivam and Mrs. T. Sathasivam of 11 Sinsapa Road, Colombo 6 on 8.6.95 at Royal Banquet Hall, Hotel Ranmuttu, Kolupitiya, Colombo 3.
Jeyakara son of the late Mr. N. Nadarajah and Mrs. Nadarajah of 4 South Way, Raynes Park, London SW20 and Suganthini daughter of Mr. & Mrs. S. Chel
liah of Anaicoddai, Sri Lanka on 10th June 1995 at Manor Park Hall, Malden Road, New Malden, Surrey.
OBTUARIES
Vasuki Sivapalan, formerly of the staff of Chunidikuli Girls' College, Jaffna, beloved wife of the late Sivapalan (Architect Townscape Design 25.12.94); loving mother of Nardhana; daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Balasubramaniam of Chundikuli; sister of Balaram (Canada); daughter-in-law of Mr. & Mrs.
Kathiravelu of Kurumpasiddy, sister-in-law of Jeya, Eswaradevi, Vimaladevi, Jeyapalan (Sri Lanka), Skathidewi (Germany) and Gunadevi (Singapore) passed away in Singapore on 21.05.95. - 56 New
dale Place, Brampton L6S5Z3,
Canada. Tel: 905 453 6345.
Sinnapillai Chelliah (79) Attorney-at-Law (formerly of the Point Pedro Bar) passed away on Tuesday, 6th June '95 at Kingston Hospital and was cremated at the NE Surrey Cemetery, Morden on Saturday, 10th June '95. He leaves behind his beloved wife Parvathipillai; only daughter Kalavathy, son-in-law K. Sivakumaran, loving grand
 
 
 
 

15 JUNE 1995
ons Nimalan, Ramanan, Shyaman (UK); sisters Navanani Nadesar, Alageswary AlaJiah, Maheswary Alalasundarm (Sri Lanka); brother-in-law (. Alvapillai (Canada) and all heir families.
His family wishes to thank all elatives and friends who attended the funeral, sent messages of sympathy and assisted them in various ways50 Blake Lane, New Malden, Surrey KT36NX.
Mr. Kandiah Gangatharan, Retired Director of Social Services, Jaffna, Retired interpreter, Immigration Department of Canada, beloved husband of Kanagasothy; loving father of Ravisuthan (Canada), Manjula (UK), Dr. Mathisuthan (USA); father-in-law of Shivani (Canada), Dr. Sivananthan (UK), Sumathi (USA); grandfather of Nayanah, Nilani, Arun, Praveen and Nishani passed away in Canada on 21.3.95 and was crenated on 22.3.95. The members of the family thank all the friends and relatives, who sent messages of sympathy and condoled with them during
their time of great sorrow - 1 Vernal Close, Abbeymead, Gloucester. GL4 7FW Tel: O1452,372198.
Dr. Ruby Pararajasegaram. The death occurred of Ruby Pararajasegaram, beloved wife
of Dr. Ramachandra Pararajasegaram, (Ophthalmologist, World Health Organization, Geneva) and loving mother of Dr. Geeta Chandramohan (Los Angeles), Dr. Meera Manavalan (Madras) and Dr. Priya Venkataramakrishnan (Hull, UK), on 10 June 1995, in Madras, following a long illness bravely borne. Her mortal remains were Cremated at Madras the same day.
Dr. Ruby Pararajasegaram who hailed from Kerala, India was an ophthalmologist in her own right and specialised in ophthalmic genetics. She was Head of the Department of Opththalmology at the Lady Hardinge Medical College in New Delhi and later served at the Eye Hospital, Colombo and with her husband in private practice in Colombo and Jaffna.
Anniversary 1 Oth June 1995
Of
Kanagambihai Ragunathan
May the Good Lord Sathia Sai Baba Bless and keep you in His Loving Care.
Second Death
In Ever Loving Memory
Remembered by your loving husband Ragu; son
Sri; daughter-in-law Saku; grandson Vishva; sister Kanagaluksmi Thiruna vulkarasu of Mallakam; sister-in-law Puvenswary Nadarajah, brothers-inlaw Rajanathan, Paramanathan (all of Canada), Pathmanathan of U.K., nephews, nieces and children and friends - 173 Mammoth Hall Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada. Tel: 416 7542521.

Page 31
* 15 JUNE 1995
IN MEMORAM
in loving memory of Sinnar Sivasubramaniam of Kantharmadan, Jaffna on the first anniversary of his passing away on 26th May 1994.
An Athma Shanthi Poojah in his memory on his First Death Anniversary was held in Thiruchenthoor Murugan Temple in india.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by his children So the es wery Shanmuganathan, Dr. (Mrs.) Sathialuxmy Selvadurai and Parameswaran Sivasubramaniam, son-in-law Selvadurai and grandchildren Radhika, Sangeetha, Laksmanan and Kishami - "Shanm u ge s wara r A ka m ', 4 Clarendon Gardens, Stone, Dartford, Kent DA26EZ.
in loving memory of Mr. Sivaguru Mahadevan on the third anniversary of his passing away on 5th June 1992.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by his beloved wife Jayanthi; loving children Kalaivani, Gajan and Haran; mother Selvapakiam Sivaguru, brothers Pathmanaban and Dr. Ganeshan; Mrs. Jayeswary Narendra and Mrs. Vimaladevi Thyagarajah; several nephews, neces and friends. - 31 Tarnarisk Gardens, Bittern Park, Southampton SO2 4RA.
綫 in ever loving memory of Mr. B. Sivagananathan on the fourth anniversary of his passing away on 22.6.91.
Remembered with love and
affection by his step mother Mrs. Rajaletchumy Balasubramanian, wife Kamala; brothers Dr. Sivaloganathan, ThirunaVukkarasu, Radhakrishnan and Sritharan; sisters Mrs. Gowri Pathmanathan, Mrs. Bhagawathy Mohanadas, Mrs. Mangayarkkarasi Jetheendran and Mrs. Jayanthi Kumaranayagam - 9 Upton Close, Park Street, St. Albans, Herts, UK. Tel: O1727 873537.
Z
in loving memory of Mrs. Bagavathy Balasingam on the second anniversary of her passing away on 13th June 1993.
The mother who bore you, the father who fostered you and the teacher who opened your eye to the mystery of Nature in and around, have all to be revered".
“The Soul (Atma) does not die only the body dies. When man knows this, death loses its sting, death is not feared, death is but a welcome voyage into the known harbour, Sri Sathya Sai Baba.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by her loving sons Balaraman (UK) and Aurobindo (USA), daughters-in-law Mallika Devi and Myriam, grand children Priyadharshini and Natasha - 62 Eversleigh Road, East Han, London E6 1HQ. Tel 018147O 2371
 
 
 
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 31
ou were a great man So noble and gentle Whom we all miss And will never forget.
In loving memory Mr. S.D. B a la ra ja h on the first anniversary of his passing away on 8.6.94.
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by his beloved wife Pathmawathy, children tjsha, Prabah, Geetha, Subathira and Bahirathan, sons-in-law Indramohan and Rohan; grand childiren Luxshika and Karthika; other members of the family and friends. - 21 Haydon Park Road, Wimbledon, London SMV19 8JC. Tel 0181 543 3210.
In treasured memory of Mrs. Sowpakiam Sinnadurai, beloved wife of the late Mr. S.T. Sinnadurai, J.P. (Founder of Leela Press and Leela Group of Companies, Sri Lanka) on the second anniversary of her passing away on 25th June 1993.
Sadly missed and lovingly remembered by sons Sundaralingam (Sri Lanka), Dr. Somasegaram (UK), Arulanantham, Dhesabandu, Loganathan, Dhanabala (all of Sri Lanka), Sockanathan (USA), and Ravindran (Sri Lanka); daughters-in-law, grand children and great grand children - 69 Wansunt Road, Bexley, Kent DA5 2DJ. Tel: 01322 52517O.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
July 1 Chathurthi: 6.30pm Narthana Kalalaya presents Bharata Natyam by the three Sisters Sujatha, Ameera & Gunalogie in aid of Durga Devasthanam Orphans' Trust, Tellipallai at Acton Assembly Hall, High Street, Acton, London MV3. Tel 018 1 807 1517/ 509 1263. July 2 Manickavasagar Gurupoojah. July 3 Feast of St. Thomas. July 4 Aani Uththiram . Feast of St. Elizabeth. July 8 Eekathasi. July 10 Pirathosam. July 11 Feast of St. Benedict. July 12 Full Moon. July 13 Feast of St. Henry. July 16 Schools over 40 Cricket Carnival at South Bank University Sports Grounds, Turney Road, Dulwich, London SE21. Tel: 0181 203 1191/771 3426. July 18 Aadi Sevvai. July 22 Karthigai, Feast of St. Mary Magdalene.
July 23 Eekathasi. July 25 Pirathosam: Feast of St. James. July 26 Feast of Sts. Joachim and Anne. July 27 Adi Amawasai July 29 9.00am J.S.S.A. (UK) Cricket and Netball Festival at Warren Farm Sports Centre, Windmill Lane, Southall, Middx. Tal: 0181 743 8289/399 7848/ 241 5881. July 29 2.00pm Milappresents Flute Recital by K. Jananayagam at Royal Philharmonic Hall, Hope Street, Liverpool.
Tel 0151 5318180. July 31 Chathurthi.
At the Bhawan Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London VV149HQ. Tel: 01713813086 4608
July 147.00pm Dance Ballet on Lord Krishna's Life by Indian Music Society, University of London.
July 16 6.30pm Sarod by Partho Sarathy, Tamil Orphans' Trust presents Carnatic Vocal Recitals by Amudha lsai Vaani Smit Sudha Ragunathan on:
July 1 6.30pm at Holy Cross Convent School Hall, Sandal Road, New Malden, Surrey.
July 2 5.30pm at Winston Churchill Hall, Pinn Way of Bury Street, Ruislip, Middx. July 9 5.30pm at Waltham Forest Theatre, Lloyd Park, Winns Terrace, Walthamstow, London E17.

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32 TAMIL TIMES
Sanga Abhisekham of New Amman Temple
The Sanga Abhisekham with 108 Sangus of the New Rajarajeswari Amman Temple at Dell Lane off Del Road, Stoneleigh, Epsom, Surrey was performed on the final day of the Mandala Abhisekham by the Chief Priest, Peria Pattam Swaminatha Sivacharyar of Thiruvannamalai, South india with the assistance of Several other priests commencing at 9am on 21st May 1995. The temple was overflowing with devotees from all over U.K.
The poojah times are 8.30am to 1pm on Mondays to Thursdays, 8.30am to 2pm on Fridays to Sunday, 5.30pm to 9.30pm daily. The temple is open all day on Special Festival Days.
A Play From Jaffna
The Centre for Performing Arts in Jaffna is ... a cultural organisation aiming to preserve, foster and develop the cultural heritage of the Tamils of Sri Lanka. Its motto is 'Serve the Lord through the Arts' and it stresses spiritual and moral values in all its activities.
Above all it operates from the war zone in the north and produces and performs plays not only in Jaffna but also in other parts of Sri Lanka, mainly in Colombo. Its performances in Colombo are widely appreciated. It proclaims to the rest of the world that they are dreaming of peace.
Professor N. M. Saveri is the livewire of this group of talented artistes, who are due to undertake a Cultural tour of the West in September this year. They will travel to Italy, Germany, Switzerland, France, Canada and London to meet other artistes, perform and exchange ideas.
Fourteen-year-old, London-born Sowjana, who was in Colombo when Prof. Saveri's group performed in a Drama Festival sponsored by the Government at John de Silva Music Hall which was packed to capacity with literary critics, Government Ministers, Artistes and Colombo's elite has reviewed the performance below.
Review: 'In every cui most Valuable aSSe. COnCern and attenti whole. This was the ! can best describe á The play was perform below the age of 12 from Thirunarai Kala for performing arts. Who runs the institu Saiva Sithaantham. 7 the children had spen, the way from Jaffna.
Their play was bas torn North, a subject and theatre groups. F tion was unique in th play' driving home e. the dictum 'Actions words.
The first Scene C children, innocently p stage was drowned in Was a Sudden flash roar. As the lights car were lying on the grc one they got up, bu terrible disability, fore her sight and anothe that I found touching brain damage, while Crying over their m laughed and frowned interpret the situation.
The children all COI and emotions beauti feel their pain. The whom were now re. captivated by the er children had Create single word. It was a slightest utterance we
The play continued each Child was affecté and how they are att and air. While watchi realise that these ( enacting what they r reconstructing the ev them in everyday life
The childrengave í ive performance and of the audience sai Colombo they are understanding and p
Sowjana V
New York T. Honours Bo
Bombay Sisters C. were awarded the
 
 
 

15 JUNE 1995
Ire, Children are the } and deserve the n of society as a eme of a play which extremely moving. 2d by 14 children all
The children were anran, an institute Father N.M. Saveri 2 holds a Ph.D. in ) arrive in Colombo, 36 hours to travel all
2d on life in the war 'sed by many drama owever this producit it was a 'Wordless sectively the truth of speak louder than
pened with all the aying. Suddenly the darkness, then there and an ear-piercing he back, the Children und Slowly, one by t now, each had a xample one had lost r his legs. The child was the boy who had he other children sat sfortune, he simply alternately, unable to
nveyed their feelings fully. I could almost audience most of duced to tears, Sat notional tension the d without saying a lmost as though the uld be a distraction.
elaborating, on how !d by the bombshells, acked from land, Sea ng the play I began to hildren are nOf Teehearsed, they were ents that surrounded
moving yet impressas another member d, "By performing in building bridges of эace". Wima Sockarnathan.
amil Sangam mbay Sisters
Saroja and C. Lalitha title of Tamik Kalai
Vaani by the New York Tamil Sangam at a function held in New York City on 4.6.95. The award was presented by Dr. M.N. Krishnan, President of the Sangam. Dr. Krishnan, Saroja, Lalitha and Dr. (Mrs.) Shashikala Krishnan appear in above picture. The title awarded in recognition of the lifetime achievement of the Bombay sisters - who have been singing together for more than thirty years - in the field of Tamil traditional arts, music and culture was instituted this year to commemorate 25 years of service of the Sangam to the American Tamil community.
The Bombay Sisters were chosen to be the very first recipients of this award due to their tenure of excellence in the field of Tamil traditional music and in gratitude for the great efforts made by them to render non Tamil musical compositions translated into Tamil so that they would reach a wider Tamil speaking audience.
The Sisters have been on a Concert tour of the States for two months.
Sadhana’s Arangetram
The Bharatha Natya Arangetram of Kuman Sadhana, daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Manohar. an of North Harrow, Middlesex took place at the Logan Hall, London WC1 on 29th April 1995.
Sadhana is the first student of her Guru Smit Rajini Shureshkumar, Director, 'lnstitute of Kalabharatho to have her Arangetram. Though it was her arangetram Sadhana showed a lot of maturity in dance, especially in her bhava and nritya. She has brought fame to her Guru who is herself a talented dancer and teacher.
The music for the arangetram was of a high standard and was well received by the appreciative audience. The programme

Page 33
15 JUNE 1995
was compered by the evergreen Sri Wimal Sockanathan. The orchestra consisted of Sint Rajini Shureshkumar – Natuvangam; Smt Ambika Thamotheram - Vocal; Sri A. Somasundera Desigar — Mirdangam; Sri L. Kothandapani — Violin; Sri P. Gnanavarathan - Flute; and Sri K. Sithamparanathan - Morsing.
Hartley Kalai Vasantham
Hartley College Past Pupils' Association (UK) had its annual Kalai Vasantham at South Norwood, London SE25 on 13th May. The proceedings started with the lighting of the traditional oil lamp by the Chief Guests Dr. & Mrs. K. Thiyagarajah, both past pupils of Hartley. Dr. K. Sivakumaran, President of the Association addresed the guests.
The programme of the evening included the School Anthern in Tarni, Kannan Dance, lnstrumental Ensemble and Bharatha Natyam all splendidly performed by children of Hartleyites and friends. Highlights of the day included a brilliant vocal concert by Mrs. Mathini Sriskantharajah and a Tamil comedy drama by Mr. S. Yogarajah and group titled "Pavama Punniyama Paramasivane, an extremely hilarious farce decrying social evils. Mr. V. Santhalingam organised the items and functioned as Master of Ceremonies and the secretary Mr. P. Harichandran propOsed the vote of thanks. The function was attended by over 400 Hartleyites and friends and was well received.
Skylink Travel & Airlanka Entertain Scottish Agents
Skylink Travel and Airlanka entertained their Scottish travel agents at a luncheon On 24th March 1995 at "The Inn on the Green'. Twenty five travel agents were introduced to Sri Lanka and AirLanka through a video presentation and detailed explanation of the Skylink Travel Package Holidays to Sri Lanka, which was well received.
Mr. Manog Gunawardena, Sales Manager, AirLanka; Mr. G.S. Bhambra, Chairman, Skylink Travel and Mr. S. Sivasubramaniam, Marketing Manager, Skylink Travel, presented the first prize of a return air ticket to Colombo on Airlanka to the winner of the raffle.
Festival of Cricket 1995
The Seventh Annual Seven-a-Side Festivall of Cricket organised by the Sri Lankan Old Boys' Association in U.K. was held at the new very spacious venue of Norman Park, Bromley in south east London on 29th May 1995 - Bank Holiday Monday.
The final match wa; Jaffna and Naland pions. The match re John's.
St. Johns, Jaffna,
The highlight of th tional Match betwe Cavaliers and the lir The former was lea Test captain Arjuna other players were Chaminda Vaas, Rc Sanjeeva Ranatunge masinghe, Eric Upa Muralitharran. The li were captained by C other players were C Thorpe, Gus Logie, Downton and Graha Lankan Cavaliers wo
The weather was were several stalls S. an hot food and plen "Three Coins' beer. entertained by the joyed a good day's
Shobana S Vina Ar
This was an arang held on 6th May. recital with an Ata 7 raga. Flawless ren. Her brief alapana it appropriate musica the raga's form and played with charm alapana in Hindola 1 ajas composition and the kalpana beautifully. Shobar Sense of tala. She pancharatna in Aral The Atana kirtan had the necessary ed wel. The raga was truly classical was very much tak kriti 'Korina vara’. TI tukalam, “Raghuva and pleasing. Shob, Ragam Tanam Pal felt that the raga alé have been lengthe pallavi, anuloma an as were executed v Shobana is a yo cian, she is only th
 
 
 

TAMIL TIMES 33
between St. John's , last year's chamulted in a win for St.
995 Champions
day was the Internaen the Sri Lankan ternational Cavaliers. d by the Sri Lankan Ranatunge and the Hashan Tillekeratne, mesh Kaluwiitharana, 2, Promodaya WickreShantha and Muthiah 7ternational Cavaliers Chris Cowdrey and the )erek Pringle, Graham Roger Harper, Paul am Cowdrey. The Sri on by 2 runs.
pleasant and there serving exotic Sri Lanktiful Sri Lankan chilled he large crowds were good cricket and enputing.
breetharan's angetram
etram par excellence Shobana began her alla Varnann in Kanada iering in two speeds. Hamsadvani had the phrases to bring out the kriti "Vatapi" was and Vigour. Her raga ollowed by Sri TyagarSamajavaragamana" swaras were played a has a very good went on to play the hi with uncanny ease. a "Ni Irankayenil" also elicate gamakas playlapana of Ramapnya and well sequenced. I n up with this and the epiece in Kathanakusa sudha, was lively na then went on to the vi in Kharaharapriya. I Dana and tanam Could led a little more. The t the improvised swarell. ng and talented musirteen and an Confi
dent that She will exCel in this field with the care and encouragement given by her parents.
Srinati Sivasakti Sivanesan, her Guru deserves to be highly complimented for tutoring Shobana to rise to this level in Carnatic Music. "Sabash ' Sivasakti.
A special mention about the mridangam accompanist, Sri M. Balachandar. His scintilating performance and encouragement given to the young performer, was noteworthy. The 'tani avartanam' by Sri M. Balachandar and Sri R.N. Prakash, was quite captivating with dexterous rhythmical artistry. The Vina Arangetram of Shobana Sreetharan was a great success to Shobana and her Guru, Srinati Sivasakti Sivanesan.
Saraswathi Packlarajah, (Sangita Vidwan).
Kalabhavanam
Kalabhavanam's June 4th scheduled performance had an unexpected bonus in the form of a visiting artiste Unni Krishnan the current heart throb of Madras. On his way back from the States, he was located and brought to the Willis Road auditorium unannounced and it was gracious of him to sing for an hour with the accompaniment of Kothandapanion the violin and Somasundara Desikar on the mridangam. The excellent fare attracted a sizeable audience unusually.
The main programme that evening was a very pleasing flute recital by Gnanavaradan the young musician who has already made a mark in the London circle. His handling of the flute and smooth blowing with suddha sruti is very attractive. He is an added welcome to London music circle. Kothandapanion the violin and Somu on the mridangam complemented the troupe.
CANADIAN NEWSLETTER
Weekend Camps
The Senior Tamils Centre has come up with an innovative program of weekend camps in summer this year for members of the Tamil Community. Some of the goals of this project are (a) strengthen community ties (b) enjoy a residential recreational experience (c) increase recreational skill levels (d) support community leadership.
The project is funded by the Government of Ontario. The campina has been arranged at the Boltan Camp and Conference Centre, which is an hour's drive from Toronto. About 400 persons are expected to participate and the scheduled dates of the camps are as follows:-
1. Youth Camp - May 19th to 21st (already held). 2. Seniors/Adults - July 21st to 23rd. 3. Families - August 11th to 13th. 4. Seniors/Adults - Sept 1st to 3rd.
19 girls and 15 boys from different Universities, Schools and Associations in Toronto participated in the Youth Camp held in May.

Page 34
34 TAMIL TIMES
Seminar on Our Heritage and Our Vision in Winnipeg
The Friends of Eelam Inc., 6 Dalhousie Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2Y7 are holding a 3 day seminar commencing on July 28th in Manitoba's beautiful Riding Mountain National Park. The participants are limited to 100 and the seminar topics include (a) Historical Landmarks of the Dravidian people (b) Tamils before and after 1500 A.D.
For more information please contact Richards on 4f6 281 1651.
Demonstrations in Ottawa and Toronto
Over 3000 Tamils converged on Parliament Hill, Ottawa on June 5th demanding Canadian Government support and drawing attention of the international community to the liberation struggle of the Tamil community to establish a Tamil homeland. A further demonstration is planned for
June 17th in Toronto.
Ontario Provincial Elections
The Ontario Provincial Elections were held on 8th June and there has been a change of government. The Progressive Conservatives have come to power with their commitment to a balanced budget and workfare instead of Welfare.
AUSTR NEWS
Muthamiz!
Awarc The Australian Ta sented its Annual Award Night on 20 Town Hall, Sydney had achieved a Ter Over 90% in the Nel School Certificate warded with trophie function along with a
The proceedings invocation song by and was followed by orchestra organise Sannivel and items o Natanalaya dancer Jayalukshmy Kandié
Mr. Keith Owen, Department of Imr Affairs addressed th gratulated the Tan achievements and well in its work for He launched "Tanni Journal of the Founc
Kumudhini Kugath 99.9% in the H.S. Rasanayagam Mem award donated by Dr The other award win Thiagarajan, Dev J gatharan, Jaikrishna
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15 JUNE 1995
Malai and | Night mil Foundation preMuthamizh Malai and th May at Bankstown Tamil students who iary Entrance Rank of w South Wales Higher examination are reis and awards at this variety entertainment.
Commenced with an
Amirthi Yogeswaran y a Children's Carnatic j by Ravindrakumar f Bharatha Natyam by s, disciples of Mrs. ዘh.
State Director of the nigration and Ethnic le gathering and conil students on their wished the foundation the Tamil community. Chuddar' the Tamil fation.
asan who had scored C. won the Dr. V. orial Trophy and an . & MrS. S.N. Ananda. ners were Arunkumar airam, Anusha Kanan Sangaran, Malini
Magesan and Kanthaley Kailanathan.
After the intermission there was a percussion orchestra presented by Ganalayam and organised by Mr. Suthanthiraraj followed by a Tamil vocal music group presented by Geetha Rajayogam and a delightful comedy drama presented by Kamathenu Kalaniyan. the comperes were Nitya Patanjali and Manu Narayanasamy, last year's award winners.
Kalappai
Kalappai, is a quarterly magazine published by the Sydney University Tamil Society. The society held a seminar on 21st May to discuss ways of raising the standard of the magazine. A lively discussion on its aims, the type of articles that would cater to the readers, whether the articles should be in pure Tamil or in language used in everyday life, how it compares with magazines from overseas countries and how the community benefits. Those interested in contributing articles are requested to contact the Coordinator, Mr. P. Ketheeswaran, P.O. Box 40, Wentworth Building, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Demonstration in Sydney The Eelam Tamil Association held a well attended demonstration at Martin Place, Sydney on 3rd June to protest against the bombing and shelling of the Jaffna peninsula by the Sri Lankan armed forces, the enforcement of the economic blockade, the killing of unarmed Tamil civilians and the general violation of Human Rights in Tanil areas.
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