Page 1
15 MAR
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(1) Prime Minister Wickremlingsinghe הantis ower signe! C8385 2) JWP protest rally against Ceasefire agreement on 212.2002
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fire Agreement to Norwegian Ambassagი ქon Washborg and (3) Chief Minister Ms Jayalalitha Jayaram. With Tamil Nadu

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15 MARCH 2002
“I do not agree with a word of what you say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”
-Voltaire
ISSN 0266 - 44 88
Vol. XXI No. 3 15 MARCH 2002
Published by: TAMILTIMES LTD PO Box 121, Sutton, Surrey SM13TD United Kingdom Phone: 020 - 8644 0972 Fax: 020 - 824. 4557
Email: prajanG)gn.apc.org editor(a)tamiltimes.org admin(atamiltimes.org
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CONTENTS
Towards Sustainable Peace 03 PM's visiittoJaffna 04 Ceasefire Agreement O6 EU Supports Peace Process 08 Appeal for Democratisation 09 News Review 12 Binding nation's wounds 20 Beyond the Ceasefire 22 Ethnic Issue andn Muslims 24 The myth and licence to kill 26 Jayalalithaa's Victory 27 Dreaming of Mrali 28
TOWa
The Ceasefire Agre Tamil Eelam (LTTE) whi tured manner the tempC The Agreement sets the tiated solution to the Ong
The United States, ion have wholeheartedly wegian facilitated peac3 interventionist in pushin Big business, which nomic prospects and fo rose sharply following th There is no doubt t support of the Overwhel recent Opinion poll publis Alternatives found that 8 In spite of the expre her On the final draft oft Country, the governing U the Norwegian facilitated minority Communities ar. It does not meantha ess. Even before the Ag Buddhist clergy, the Jar public protest demonstra ment of Surrender" and i mand for a separate Tal Campaign against the Inc But happily so far tt semained muted and mal been growing rapidly an took place in the city of shrines and its long hist Sarvodaya Movement W. participant and Wider na tracted Over half a million This favourable clim those who are genuinely in the form of Orchestrate gressive nationalism by excuse to Organise and C disturb and damage the By all accounts, the the Government, LTTE a international Sri Lanka M and manned by represer The SLMM's primary tas under the Agreement, ar parties On substantive po the substantive political peace as is amply demo The parties shoulds pend not only by an abs mOvalofcheckpoints, bu dissenting voices and CO ity, Making peace doesn lt should lead in the dire political process that em Collective and individual
 
 
 
 
 
 

TAMLTES 3
rds Sustainable Peace
ment between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of h came into effect on 22 February 2002 served to formalise in a struc'ary Ceasefire declarations made by the parties on 24 December 2001. stage for achieving the "overal objectives" of the parties"to find a negooing ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka." hdia, Britain, Japan and other major powers including the European UnWelcomed the Agreement announcing that they fully supported the Norprocess. The United States in particular has of late been more vocal and
for a negotiated political settlement of the conflict in the island. has been desperate for an end to the war to boost the country's ecoeign investment, also responded positively. Share prices in Colombo esigning of the Agreement. hat the Ceasefire Agreement and the ongoing peace process has the ming majority of the people, be they Sinhalese, Tamils Or Muslims. A hed by the Colombo-based Social Research Unitofthe Centre for Policy 0.7 percent of respondents expressed confidence in peace talks. ssions of some concern by the President about lack of consultation with e Agreement before it was formally signed, the two major parties in the NP-led UNF and the main opposition Peoples Alliance are committed to peace process. Similarly, almost all the political parties representing the in Support. t there is no opposition to the Ceasefire Agreement and the peace procreement was signed and its terms announced, powerful sections of the latha Wimukthi Peramuna (JVP) and Sihala Urumaya (SU), organised tions. The JVP has denounced the Ceasefire Agreement as "an agrees seeking to portray that the government has accepted the LTTE's denil state. It must be recalled that the JVP waged a vicious and violent lo-Lankan ACCOrd of July denouncing it as "a betrayal of the motherland". he opposition to the Ceasefire Agreement and the peace process has ginal. On the contrary, support for it, both locally and internationally, has dwidely. On March 15, a massive peace event, meditation for peace, Anuradhapura, sacred to Buddhists on account of its ancient religious Dry as the seat of Buddhism in the country. The event organised by the as described as a pilgrimage of peace that would bring merit both to the tional community. The event in Anuradhapura is reported to have atpeople who sat throughout the four-hour meditation incomplete silence, ate for peace must be protected and enhanced by Words and deeds by Committed to the success of the peace process. Nothing should be done ld demonstrations and rallies displaying triumphalism and sectarian agOne side which might be used by extremist groups on the other as an rchestrate counter demonstrations and rallies which would only serve to presently prevailing conducive climate for peace. peace process is moving forward faster than One WOuld have expected, nd Norwegian facilitators acting with mutual trust and confidence. The lonitoring Mission (SLMM) constituted under the Ceasefire Agreement tatives from Nordic countries have already begun their work in earnest. k is to monitor that the parties Comply with their respective obligations d to inquire into any violations by the parties. Negotiations between the litical issues are expected to commence in April. Without a settlementon ssues, no amount of Confidence building measures will bring enduring strated by the continuing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. cognise that the legitimacy and sustainability of the peace process deence of armed hostilities, easing of sanctions and embargoes and remust also be underpinned by a manifest respect for differing views and mmitment to the protection of human rights and democratic accountabilotmean cutting a deal between the Combatants, the State and the LTTE, ction of demilitarisation of the body politic and democratisation of the powers the people to live in dignity and peace able to exercise their lemocratic and fundamental rights.

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4 AMITIMES
PM’s Historic to Jaffna US Boost for Peace P.
By all accounts, the visit by Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe to the battle-scarred Jaffna peninsula has been a huge success and serves to give a great boost to the fledgling peace process.
The people of Jaffna, which remained the stronghold of the Tamil Tigers until December 1995 when the city was recaptured by government troops, gave Ranil Wickremesinghe a rapturous welcome. He was mobbed by crowds of people as he began his two-day visit to the on 14 March. He is the first Prime Minister in 20 years to visit Jaffna which has been the epicenter of the country's raging ethnic conflict. Political analysts consider the PM's visit to Jaffna as historic and a demonstration of his commitment to achieve
peace.
The profile of the Prime Minister's visit was significantly raised when on 14 March he was joined by the highest ranking U.S. official to visit Jaffna, Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs Christina Rocca who arrived on a three-day visit to the island. In conformity with tradition, Wickremesinghe, a practising Buddhist, took off his shirt before entering the famous Nallur Kandaswamy Hindu shrine to attend a special religious service held in his honour on the first day of his visit. Many were visibly moved when the Prime Minister emerging af. ter the prayers said, “I prayed for Peace,' and added, "We have a ceasefire now. I need your help to convert that into a permanent peace. We must move together towards settlement. It can be done step by step. There can be no peace without your assistance.”
The Prime Minister also called on Jaffna’s Roman Catholic Bishop, Thomas Sauvenderanayagam. Congratulating the Prime Minister for his courage in deciding to visit the peninsula, Rev. Savunderanayagam said the ceasefire
had enabled the pe again. "Thanks to of the LTTE, since guns are silent. W sounds of rockets a sleep in peace at n ceding that the task mesinghe was for promised him alls of Jaffna have only peace. We want pe ing solution so til brother and sister, a strong and united “We need your bles formidable task,” W "Blessed are th are with you," the
"It is a significa Prime Minister to years. I want to tell that we want to m better and whethel (of Sri Lanka), th same,” he said ash a Sri Lankan Air F at Palaly airfield o visit.
The Prime Mi companied by thi Tilak Marapana troops of the three lice force, made a violate the term Agreement reache "There is distr all sides given p everyone wants p fered much in ord torial integrity of suffering has end Now you must en implemented on t He told the t war has to be bro Lanka is to survi layed their fear t renege saying the

15 ARCH 2002
Visit
'OCeSS
ple here to breathe you and the leader
last December the e do not hear the nd cannon. We can ght,” he said. Conbefore Mr. Wickrehidable, the Bishop Ipport. "The people one burning desire: ace, a just and lasthat all can live as so that we can build Sri Lanka," he said. sing to continue this 'ickremesinghe said. e peace makers. We Bishop said. ntvisit. I am the first come here in many the people of Jaffna ake their life much it is north or south eir life will be the stepped down from orce C-130 Hercules n the first day of his
hister, who was acDefence Minister, later, addressing services and the postrong appeal not to of the Ceasefire with the LTTE. Istand suspicion on st experiences, but ace. You have sufr to defend the terrihe country, but that il with the ceasefire. ure the agreement is e ground.” pops, about 40,000, ght to an end if Sri 2 as a nation. He alat the LTTE would lternational commu
nity was behind him and showed the recent US warning to the LTTE as proof. He told them not to offer the LTTE any excuse to break the truce. "If we honour the truce and ensure there are no violations, it will put pressure on the LTTE to fall in line," the Prime Minister said.
He told the soldiers that even if the war was over, their jobs would be secure and they should fully support the government's peace efforts as it would not only bring peace, but also help boost the country's economy and create more job opportunities.
He, with Defence Minister Tilak Marapana and Rehabilitation Minister Dr. Jayalath Jayawardane, visited frontline at Nagar Kovil and inspected the army bunkers and the abandoned Hindu Temple. He then helicoptered to Eluthumadduwal Army Camp which straddles the Kandy Road (A9) preventing its opening. He went into bunkers just 300 metres away from LTTE positions - at a point where the Sri Lankan authorities plan to set up a checkpoint when the highway opens to civilian traffic. Watching at the LTTE bunkers through the binocular Wickremesinghe joked: "I wouldn't have come near this place if there is no ceasefire.” “We would not have brought you here," army chief Lionel Balagalle said.
By visiting the front the Prime Minister demonstrated his confidence in the peace process he started and his trust in the LTTE not to attack. Returning to the camp he told journalists, about 60 representing local and international media, that he had instructed the officers to open the Kandy Road. "Before March 23?' 'Yes'
The Norway brokered ceasefire agreement stipulates that Kandy Road be opened for civilian traffic within 30 days. "I intend to keep to the agreement,” Wickremesinghe said.
His eagerness to comply with the ceasefire agreement and his confidence that the LTTE would reciprocate his gestures were evident in his words and deeds.
At Eluthumadduwal, Wickremesinghe said the ceasefire agreement was prelude to face-to-face peace talks which cabinet spokesman Constitutional Affairs minister Prof. G. L. Peiris said would commence in the latter part of April.

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15 ARCH 2002
US Boost Peace Effort
The visit to Colombo, and in particular to Jaffna, on 15 March by senior US officials has been as evidence of Washington throwing its weight behind the Government's current peace making efforts. The visit by Assistant Secretary of State for South Asia Christina Rocca and Marine Brigadier General Timothy Ghormley underlined the carrot-and-stick diplomacy that helped Norway broker a truce between the Government and Tamil Tigers. On ll March, Washington warned the LTTE against reneging on its commitments under the Norwegian brokered ceasefire agreement.
"We strongly support the peace process and hope the two sides will reach a settlement soon,” said Rocca, the highest-ranking US diplomat to visit Jaffna, disembarking from a US Marines C-130 transport plane at Jaffna's Palaly airport.
Ms Rocca's visit demonstrated that America was fully backing the Norwegian-facilitated peace process in Sri Lanka. She had a 40-minute discussion with the Sri Lankan Prime Minister, Ranill Wickremesinghe, at the Palally military camp. Senior Sri Lankan military officials and the commander of the 3rd Division of the U.S. Marines, Brigadier-General Timothy Ghormley, were also present at the discussions. The Prime Minister and Ms. Roccalater visited the ruins of Chavakachcheri, the second most important town in the Jaffna peninsula that was devastated by artillery and rockets in long-distance fighting between Government forces and the LTTE in September 2000. They also witnessed a mock mine detection and removal exercise by the Army.
The US ambassador to Colombo, Ashley Wills, who also traveled with Rocca, made clear his government's backing for Wickremesinghe's peace initiative. "We just want him to know that we stand behind what he is doing,” Wills said.
Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage had assured Norway on March 8 America's support. "The govemment of Sri Lanka and the LTTE need to grasp this opportunity to end Sri Lanka's tragic conflict,” Armitage told Norway's Deputy Foreign Minis:er Vidar Helgesen in Washington.
Wickremesinghe told the media af.
ter his meeting wi they assured him "The world is with the meeting held at added, "Our people Press conference
The U. S. Assi State for South Asia Rocca, urged the L demand for a separa in order to conside ban on the organisa US. She told a new lombo on l 6 March on the LTTE wou LTTE ending hosti ing respect to huma that an independen able option'.
Ms Rocca toldt signing this ceasefit gh, both parties have have chosen peace c ation over division. made a solemn ple ceasefire. The peop Tamil, Sinhalese, M the international cor less. We applaud the wegian government in this process of n tion. We urge both ward toward negoti nent settlement of th Referring to her Rocca said, 'I was day to visit Jaffna t bassador Ashley Wil General Tim Ghorm
SLM
The head of th toring Mission (SI March that its wor Ceasefire Agreeme was moving ahead Government and T. need the will to over backs.
Retired Norweg Trond Furuhovde, month to oversee the in his talks with both that there would be
He said 13 mon Finland and Swede the number would and possibly more as

US officials that heir full backing. me," he said after he Palaly base and are also with me.'
tant Secretary of n Affairs, Christina TTE to give up its estate in Sri Lanka the lifting of the ion imposed by the conference in Cothat lifting the ban d depend on "the e activities, shownity and accepting state is not a vi
he journalists, "By e agreement, thouindicated that they ver war, reconciliBoth parties have dge to honor this ble of Sri Lanka - uslim - as well as mmunity expect no efforts of the Norto assist Sri Lanka ational reconciliasides to move forutions on a permale conflict.'
visit to Jaffna Ms privileged yesterogether with Amls and U.S. Marine ley. I met with the
TAMILTIMES 5
Prime Minister and other Cabinet members, received a military briefing and made a brief stop at Chavakachcherito see first hand the horrific damage caused by the war in Sri Lanka. Altogether it was a moving experience and I greatly appreciate the Sri Lankan Government's assistance in making the trip possible.”
Asked if Washington's support to Colombo would go as far as military aid, Ms Rocca said the question was "speculative” and added “We (US and Sri Lanka) have a long history of military cooperation."
On whether the US was prepared to under-write any agreement between the government and the LTTE, she said: "We'll do everything to support the peace process.”
US Ambassador in Colombo, E Ashley Wills, who was also present at the press conference, said the LTTE should "take advantage of the moment, and do it in such a way that the Tamil people feel safe and secure."
Asked if the tough US statement against the LTTE amounted to being anti-Tamil, Wills said: "We don't see the LTTE and the Tamil people as synonymous,” adding, "It would be a moment of great joy to the US and other countries if the LTTE could do the things that were indicated in the press statement.' He further said, "There are certain things the LTTE can do to redefine itself internationally and internally, in Sri Lanka. Our country will be prepared to respond positively.”
: Sri Lanka MoniMM) said on 13 k in terms of the it had begun and ut warned that the mil Tigers would ome expected set
an Major-General who arrived last ceasefire, said that sides he cautioned
cVerSeS. ors from Norway, had arrived and uickly rise to 22 listrict offices and
local monitoring committees were set up.
Furuhovde said he had been encouraged by his meetings with both Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and the LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran. “I am very satisfied so far. Both parties have been very open as far as I can see,' said Furuhovde, who headed a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Lebanon.
"They have certainly been also open to my ideas. When I presented my views on this agreement, my views on what should be the way of working, the two parties have actually spoken with one voice, he said.

Page 6
6 TAMILTIMES
Government.
Ceasefire Agree
The following is the text of the Agreement on a Ceasefire between the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam which came into effect on 22 February 2002. The signatories to the agreement are Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe on behalf of the Government, and Mr Veluppillai Pirabaharan on behalf of the LTTE.
Preamble
The overall objective of the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (hereinafter referred to as the GOSL) and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (hereinafter referred to as the LTTE) is to find a negotiated solution to the ongoing ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka.
The GOSL and the LTTE (hereinafter referred to as the Parties) recognize the importance of bringing an end to the hostilities and improving the living conditions for all inhabitants af. fected by the conflict. Bringing an end to the hostilities is also seen by the Parties as a means of establishing a positive atmosphere in which further steps towards negotiations on a lasting solution can be taken.
The Parties further recognize that groups that are not directly party to the conflict are also suffering the consequences of it. This is particularly the case as regards the Muslim population. Therefore, the provisions of this Agreement regarding the security of civilians and their property apply to all inhabitants.
With reference to the above, the Parties have agreed to enter into a ceasefire, refrain from conduct that could undermine the good intentions or violate the spirit of this Agreement and implement confidence-building measures as indicated in the articles below.
Article 1: Modalities of a ceasefire :
The Parties have agreed to implement a ceasefire between their armed forces as follows:
1.1 A jointly agreed ceasefire between the GOSL and the LTTE shall enter into force on such date as is notified by the Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs in accordance with Article 4.2 hereinafter referred to as D-day.
Military operations:
1.2 Neither Party shall engage in any offensive military operation. This require, the total cessation of all military action and includes, but is not limited to, such acts as:
a) The firing of direct and indirect weapons, armed raids, ambushes, assassinations, abductions, destruction of civilian or military property, sabotage, suicide missions and activities by deep penetration units;
b) Aerial bombardment;
c) Offensive naval operations.
1.3 The Sri Lankan armed forces shall continue to perform their legitimate task of safeguarding the sovereignty and territo
 

15 MARCH 2002
rial integrity of Sri Lanka without engaging in offensive operations against the LTTE.
Separation of forces : 14 Where forward defence localities have been established, the GOSL's armed forces and the LTTE's fighting formations shall hold their ground positions, maintaining a zone of separation of a minimum of six hundred (600) metres. However, each Party reserves the right of movement within one hundred (100) metres of its own defence localities, keeping an absolute minimum distance of four hundred (400) metres between them. Where existing positions are closer than four hundred (400) metres, no such right of movement applies and the Parties agree to ensure the maximum possible distance between their personnel.
1.5 In areas where localities have not been clearly established, the status quo as regards the areas controlled by the GOSL and the LTTE, respectively, on 24 December 2001 shall continue to apply pending such demarcation as is provided in article
1.6.
1.6 The Parties shall provide information to the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission (SLMM) regarding defence localities in all areas of contention, of Article 3. The monitoring mission shall assist the Parties in drawing up demarcation lines at the latest by D-day +30.
1.7 The Parties shall not move munitions, explosives or military equipment into the area controlled by the other Party.
1.8 Tamil paramilitary groups shall be disarmed by the GOSL by D-day +30 at the latest. The GOSL shall offer to integrate individuals in these units under the command and disciplinary structure of the GOSL armed forces for service away from the Northern and Eastern Province.
1.9 The Parties' forces shall initially stay in the areas under their respective control, as provided in Article 1.4 and Article 1.5.
1.10 Unarmed GOSL troops, shall as of D-day + 60, be permitted unlimited passage between Jaffna and Vavuniya using the Jaffna-Kandy road (A9). The modalities are to be worked out by the parties with the assistance of the SLMM.
1.1 The Parties agree that as of D-day individual combatants shall, on the recommendation of their area commander, be permitted, unarmed and in plain clothes, to visit family and friends residing in areas under the control of the other Party. Such visits shall be limited to six days every second month, not including the time of travel by the shortest applicable route. The LTTE shall facilitate the use of the Jaffna-Kandy road for this purpose. The Parties reserve the right to deny entry to specified military
acaS.
1.12 The Parties agree that as of D-day individual combatants shall, notwithstanding the two-month restriction, be permitted, unarmed and in plain clothes, to visit immediate family (i.e. spouses, children, grandparents, parents and siblings) in connection with weddings or funerals. The right to deny entry to specified military areas applies.
1.13 Fifty (50) unarmed LTTE members shall as of D-day + 30, for the purpose of political work, be permitted freedom of movement in the areas of the North and the East dominated by the GOSL. Additional l00 unarmed LTTE members shall be permitted freedom of movement as of D-day + 60. As of D-day

Page 7
15 MARCH 2002
+90, allunarmed LTTE members shall be permitted freedom of movement in the North and the East. The LTTE members shall carry identity papers. The right of the GOSL to deny entry to specified military areas applies.
Article 2: Measures to restore normalcy The Parties shall undertake the following confidence-building measures with the aim of restoring normalcy for all inhabitants of Sri Lanka:
2. l. The Parties shall in accordance with international law abstain from hostile acts against the civilian population, including such as acts as torture, intimidation, abduction, extortion and harassment.
2.2 The Parties shall refrain from engaging in activities or propagating ideas that could offend cultural or religious sensitivities. Places of worship (temples, churches, mosques and other holy sites, etc.) currently held by either of the parties shall be vacated by D-day +30 and made accessible to the public. Places of worship which are situated in "high security zones" shall be vacated by all armed personnel and maintained in good order by civilian workers, even when they are not made accessible to the public.
2.3 Beginning on the date on which this Agreements enters into force, school buildings occupied by either party shall be vacated and returned to their intended use. This activity shall be completed by D-day +160 at the latest.
2.4A schedule indicating the return of all other public buildings to their intended use shall be drawn up by the Parties and published at the latest by D-day + 30.
2.5 The Parties shall review the security measures and the set-up of checkpoints, particularly in densely populated cities and towns, in order to introduce systems that will prevent harassment of the civilian population. Such systems shall be in place from D-day + 60.
2.6 The Parties agree to ensure the unimpeded flow of nonmilitary goods to and from the LTTE-dominated areas with the exception of certain items as shown in Annex A. Quantities shall be determined by market demand. The GOSL shall regularly review the matter with the aim of gradually removing any remaining restrictions on non-military goods.
2.7 In order to facilitate the flow of goods and the movement of civilians, the Parties agree to establish checkpoints on their line of control at such locations as are specified in Annex B.
2.8 The Parties shall take steps to ensure that the TrincomaleeHabarana road remains open on a 24-hour basis for passenger traffic with effect from D-day + 10.
2.9 The Parties shall facilitate the extension of the rail service on the Batticaloa-line to Welikanda. Repairs and maintenance shall be carried out by the GOSL in order to extend the service up to Batticaloa.
2.10 The Parties shall open the Kandy-Jaffna road (A9) to non-military traffic of goods and passengers. Specific modalities shall be worked out by the Parties with the assistance of the Royal Norwegian Government by D-day + 30 at the latest.
2.11 A gradual easing of the fishing restrictions shall take place starting from D-day. As of D-day +90, all restrictions on day and night fishing shall be removed, subject to the following exceptions: (i) fishing will not be permitted, within an area of 1 autical mile on either side along the coast and 2 nautical miles seawards from all security forces camps on the coast; (ii) fishing vill not be permitted in harbours or approaches to harbours, bays and estuaries along the coast.
2.12 The Parties agree that search operations and arrests un

TAM TIMES 7
der the Prevention of Terrorism Act shall not take place. Arrests shall be conducted under due process of law in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code.
2.13 The Parties agree to provide family members of detainees access to the detainees within D-day +30.
Article 3: The Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission: The Parties have agreed to set up an international monitoring mission to enquire into any instance of violation of the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Both Parties shall fully cooperate to rectify any matter of conflict caused by their respective sides. The mission shall conduct international verification through on-site monitoring of the fulfilment of the commitments entered into in this Agreement as follows:
3.1 The name of the monitoring mission shall be the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission (hereinafter referred to as the SLMM).
3.2 Subject to acceptance by the Parties, the Royal Norwegian Government (hereinafter referred to as the RNG) shall appoint the Head of the SLMM (hereinafter referred to as the HoM), who shall be the final authority regarding interpretation of this Agreement.
3.3 The SLMM shall liaise with the Parties and report to the RNG.
3.4 The HoMshall decide the date for the commencement of the SLMM’s operations.
3.5 The SLMM shall be composed of representatives from Nordic countries.
3.6 The SLMM shall establish a headquarters in such place as the HoM finds appropriate. An office shall be established in Colombo and in Vanni in order to liaise with the GOSL and the LTTE, respectively. The SLMM will maintain a presence in the districts of Jaffna, Mannar, Vavuniya, Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Amparai.
3.7 A local monitoring committee shall be established in Jaffna, Mannar, Vavuniya, Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Amparai. Each committee shall consist offive members, two appointed by the GOSL, two by the LTTE and one international monitor appointed by the HoM. The international monitor shall chair the committee. The GOSL and the LTTE appointees may be selected from among retired judges, public servants, religious leaders or similar leading citizens.
3.8 The committees shall serve the SLMM in an advisory capacity and discuss issues relating to the implementation of this Agreement in their respective districts, with a view to establishing a common understanding of such issues. In particular, they will seek to resolve any dispute concerning the implementation of this Agreement at the lowest possible level.
3.9 The Parties shall be responsible for the appropriate protection of and security arrangements for all SLMM members.
3.10 The Parties agree to ensure the freedom of movement of the SLMM members in performing their tasks. The members of the SLMM shall be given immediate access to areas where violations of the Agreement are alleged to have taken place. The Parties also agree to facilitate the widest possible access to such areas for the local members of the six above-mentioned committees, of Article 3.7.
3.11 It shall be the responsibility of the SLMM to take immediate action on any complaints made by either Party to the Agreement, and to enquire into and assist the Parties in the settlement of any dispute that might arise in connection with such complaints.
3.12 With the aim of resolving disputes at the lowest possible level, communication shall be established between command

Page 8
8 TAM TIMES
ers of the GOSL armed forces and the LTTE area leaders to enable them to resolve problems in the conflict zones.
3.13 Guidelines for the operations of the SLMM shall be established in a separate document.
Article 4: Entry into force, amendments and termination of the Agreement: 4.1 Each Party shall notify its consent to be bound by this Agreement through a letter to the Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs signed by Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe on behalf of the GOSL and by leader Velupillai Pirabaharan on behalf of the LTTE, respectively. The Agreement shall be initialled by each Party and enclosed in the above-mentioned letter. 4.2 The Agreement shall enter into force on such date as is notified by the Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs.
4.3 This Agreement may be amended and modified by mutual agreement of both Parties. Such amendments shall be notified in writing to the RNG.
4.4 This Agreement shall remain in force until notice oftermination is given by either Party to the RNG. Such notice shall be given fourteen (14) days in advance of the effective date of termination.
Annex A : List of goods The Parties agree to ensure the flow of non-military goods, to and from LTTE dominated areas of the Northern and Eastern Province as well as unimpeded flow of such goods to the civilian population in these areas. Non military goods not covered by
article 2.6 in the Agreement are listed below:
Non military arms/ammunition; Explosives; Remote control devices; Barbed wire; Binoculars/Telescopes; Compasses;
Penlight batteries;
Diesel, petrol, cement and iron rods will be restricted in accordance with the following procedures and quantities.
Diesel and petrol: The Government Agents (GA) will register available vehicles; tractors and motorcycles in the LTTE con
| PeaCe PrOCeS
The Parliament of the European Union has declared its full support for the current peace process by adopting the following resolution on 14 March 2002:
1. Welcomes the ceasefire agreement as an opportunity to create a peac-eful atmosphere in which a negotiated settlement to the ongoing ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka may be agreed; recognises that both sides have taken bold steps to conclude the ceasefire and hopes that the process on which they are now embarking will be supported and lead to a political solution and a lasting peace;
2. Strongly acknowledges the contribution of the Government of Norway and its Ambassador to Sri Lanka to facilitating direct negotiations;
3. Calls on all the interest groups in Sri historic opportunity : port the truce agree ture peace negotiatic
4. In this context tance of the confide ures aimed at nation cluding the reunifi separated by the yea improvement of S across the whole co of everyone; underl importance of the n the freedom of move all non-military go and medicine, throl land;
 

15 MARCH 2002
led areas. The GA will calculate the required weekly amount diesel and petrol based on the following estimate: Trucks/ uses 250 litre/week; 4 wheel tractor 310 litre/week; 2 wheel ictor 40 litre/week; Petrol vehicle 30 litre/week; Motorcycles litre/week; Fishing vessels 400 litre/week
Cement: Cement required for rehabilitation and reconstrucon of Government property; registered co-operatives; or apoved housing projects implemented by the GOSL and internaonal NGOs and more affluent members of the society; will be rought in directly by relevant institutions under licences issued y Government Agents. The GA shall stipulate the monthly quanties permitted for such project based upon planned and reported rogress. Cement required for individual shops/constructions/ ouse owners rehabilitation initiatives will be made available hrough the co-operations on a commercial basis.
Cement required for individual shops/constructions/house wners/rehabilitation-initiatives will be made available through he co-operations on a commercial basis. The monthly import or this purpose will be limited to 5000 bags during the first month and thereafter 10,000 bags/month. Individual sales by the :o-operatives will be registered and limited to 25 bags per household.
Iron rods: Iron rods for building constructions will be brought into the LTTE controlled areas under licences issued by the GA. A monthly reassessment will be made to assess the possibilities of removal of the above restrictions.
Annex B : Checkpoints Checkpoints agreed in section 2.7 are as follows: Mandur. Paddirupur, Kaludaveli Ferry Point, Anbalantivu Ferry Point; Mamunai Ferry Point; Vanvunateevu; Santhiveli Boat Point; Black Bridge; Sitandy Boat Point; Kiran bridge; Kinniyadi Boat Point, Valachenai, Makerni, Mahindapura, Muttur; Ugilankulam; Omanthai.
5. Recalls its concern that human rights be respected, particularly by controlling the actions of the armed forces of the two camps and by putting an end to all discrimination on grounds of membership of a linguistic or religious com
olitical parties and Lanka to seize this nd to actively supent leading to fu
S; tresses the imporce-building measreconciliation, ination of families of conflict and an curity conditions try for the benefit es particularly the asures concerning ent of persons and s, especially food hout the whole is
munity;
6. Calls on the Council and the Commission as a matter of urgency to consider how this agreement can be supported in practical terms, especially through financial support, so that Sri Lanka's many problems can be tackled, including the issue of reintegrating child soldiers;
7. Calls on the EU and the Member States to go to the donors' meeting in Sri Lanka in May with a comprehensive and coordinated proposal;
8. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission and the President and Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.

Page 9
15 MARCH 2002
An Appeal for F and Democratis
A wide spectrum of internationally renowned personalities have, in the context of the ceasefire agreement between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam(LTTE) and the resumption of the Norwegian mediated peace process, come togetherin applauding and supporting the current efforts at peace-making and urging that the peace process beguided by, and aimed at, broader norms of democracy and human rights. The signatories to this appeal include Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa.
The following is the text of their appeal:
We write to support the historic opportunity for peace in Sri Lanka. We welcome the courage of the political actors who have embarked on this road, and applaud the political will of the larger public in all parts of Sri Lanka, who have in their different ways pushed and encouraged their leadership to invest in the peace process. It is in this spirit that we would like to join our voices with those forces in Sri Lankan civil society who have urged that the peace process be guided by, and aimed at, broader norms of democracy and human rights.
In a context where our euphoria regarding the peace process may tempt us to turn a blind eye to human rights violations, some protagonists in the conflict may exploit the ceasefire to attack dissidents and quell dissent. In fact, in recent weeks some have used the fragility ofthe peace process to condemn human rights NGOs who have advocated closer scrutiny of ongoing human rights violations by the major protagonists.
We advance this appeal to argue that a fragile peace process is precisely the context where we have to be particularly vigilant in ensuring the space for dissent and broader civil society participation, in pressing for the demo
cratic accountabil tagonists in the pe lance is critical, p fortunate event th disintegrates - w the peace process feating movement zation. It would ble of ironies if th the peace proc disempowered civ senting voices hav name of peace. In logue accompanic even if a forma reached, the broad have moved forw, understanding. peace is often an and in encouragin debate, each step t democratic proce forward towards t a sustainable peac As we know, diation will addre discussion betw teams of the Sri and the LTTE. like to urge that
... recognized as ex
negotiating table populace. Currer terpreted primaril ing of embargoes curity checkpoints a long way towa living conditions and should be enc ened.
Simultaneous see "normalizatio1 ess that should n demilitarization of the democratizati and the furtherar norms. The legi process depends r tion of hostilities, questions of demo Being open to a p cluding those criti

TALTIMES 9
eace ation
ity of the major pro:ace talks. This vigiarticularly in the unat the peace process ve should ensure that does not end up det towards democratibe the most regrettae ultimate impact of ess were to be a til society whose dis'e been crushed in the contrast, if open diaes the peace process, l agreement is not ler conversation may ard to a new level of Movement toward incremental process g wider dialogue and hat is linked with the ss will also be a step he long-term goal of
2.
the Norwegian meess the modalities of een the negotiating Lankan government However, we would he peace process be tending beyond the to the civic life of the tly this has been iny in terms of the easand the lifting of se. These initiatives go rds transforming the of ordinary citizens ouraged and strength
ly however, we also n' as a political procnove us towards the political institutions, pn of political culture nce of human rights timacy of the peace not only on the cessa, but also on broader cratic accountability. lurality of voices, incal of the participants
in the peace process, provides a crucial starting point for strengthening the legitimacy and enhancing the substantive direction of the peace process. It is from this standpoint that this appeal focuses on the space for dissent as crucial for the sustainability of a peace agreement. Among other issues, we trust that robust public debate will also help to bring to the table the concerns of Muslims, Tamils and Sinhalese not represented by the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE.
We would like to urge that the Norwegian mediators set-up a formal process of human rights monitoring; such a process could support NGOs, the media and other institutions of civil society that seek to hold the principal protagonists accountable to norms of democracy and human rights. We appeal to the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE to protect the space for dissent and affirm that their participation in the peace process is informed by a commitment to democratic principles. In closing, we also applaud those human rights advocates who have had the courage to take an independent stance in scrutinizing the conduct of the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE.
Signatories: 1. Archbishop Desmond Tutu, South Africa; 2. Lord Eric Avebury, Chair of the Parliamentary Human Rights Group, House of Lords, UK; 3. Dr. Arun Gandhi, Founder Director, M.K. Gandhi Institute, Christian Brothers University, Memphis TN, US; 4. Dr. Ursula M. Franklin C.C. FRSC, University Professor Emeritus, Massey College, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 5. Prof. Henry Steiner, Human Rights Program, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA, USA; 6. Dr. A. Sivanandan, Director, Institute of Race Relations, UK; 7.Prof. S. J. Tambiah, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 8. Dr. Hanna Newcombe, Director, Peace Research Institute, Dundas, Ontario, Canada; 9. Prof. Gananath Obeyesekere, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; 10. Dr. Metta Spencer, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 11. Prof. David Little, Dunphy Professor in Religion, Ethnicity, and International Conflict, Divinity school, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,

Page 10
10 TAMITMES
USA; 12. Prof. Richard Gombrich, Boden Professor of Sanskrit, University of Oxford, UK; 13. Prof. Robert Perinbanayagam, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA; 14. Dr. Vasuki Nesiah, Senior Associate, International Center for Transitional Justice, New York, NY, USA; 15. Gary Purdy, University Professor and Director, McMaster University Center for Peace Studies, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 16. Prof. Robert Rotberg, Program on Intrastate Conflict and Conflict Resolution, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 17. Prof. H. L. Seniviratne, University of Virginia, USA; 18. Prof. Jonathan Spencer, University of Edinburgh, UK; 19. Elisabeth Boetzkes, Director, Women's Studies Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 20. Hilary Charlesworth, Director of the Center for International and Public Law, Australian National University, Australia; 21. Dr. S. Nanthikesan, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA., USA; 22. Prof. A. Kumar David, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; 23. Prof Valentine Daniel, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 24. Clarence Dias, President, International Center for Law And Development, New York, NY, USA; 25. Prof. Maya Chadda, Council on Foreign Relations, USA; 26. Prof. Guenter Frankenberg, University of Frankfurt, Germany; 27. Rev. Janet Garvey Stangvik, Napa Valley Center for Spiritual Living, Napa Valley, California, USA; 28. Prof. Anthony Anghie, University of Utah School of Law, Salt Lake City, Utah; 29. Prof. Malathi De Alwis, Visiting Professor, New School University, New York, NY, USA; 30. Prof. Quadri Ismail, University of Minnesota, USA; 31. Prof. Pradeep Jeganthan, University of Minnesota, USA; 32. Dr. Kashyapa Yapa, Director, Ozogoche Irrigation Project, Committee for Local Development, Guamote, Chimborazo, Ecuador; 33. Prof. N. Shanmugaratnam, Professor of Development Studies, Agricultural University of Norway, Norway; 34. Ahilan Kadirgmar, New School University, New York, USA; 35. Prof. Yosuke Yotoriyama, Niigata University, Japan; 36. Prof. Richard Young, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, NJ, USA; 37. Dr. Therese Onderdenwijngaard, Free University
Amsterdam, The Net Fabienne Peter, Un Basel, Switzerland; 3 Executive Director, F nia; 40. Dr. Dharini ternational Center fo ies, New York Univ 41. Ratna Kapur, Di Feminist Legal Rese 42. Dr. Celestine N Institute of Develop versity of Sussex, UK Lekha Sriram, Inte Academy, USA; 44 ando, Centerfor Reffi University, Hamilt Wenzhuo Hou, Mig gram, Beijing, Chi Hussein, Writer, Ger 47. Sangeetha Nesia cation Trust, UK; 4 maha, Journalist, Nev 49. Kevin Shimmin, tive, UFCW Canada 633, Canada; 50. Board member, Mid Justice Center, US Tiruchelvam, Inde New York, NY, USA Director, Project on of Transition, Har USA; 54. Aaron Mc versity, Ithaca, New Benoit Pasquereau, Blake-Burr-McNe Memphis, USA; 57 mann, Noel Fellow Center, Harvard U dge, MA., USA an France; 58. Cynthia tor, Legacies of Al search Circle, Unive Madison, USA; 59 vanar, Department ( University, Cambr Anna Doney, Clin Cambridge, UK; 6 ckburn, University USA; 62. Dr. Don ulty of Health Scie versity, Hamilton, Dr. Richard J. Prest tus, McMaster U1 Ont., Canada; 64 Solomon Asch C Ethno-political C Pennsylvania, U Dickson, Assista Program Universit phis, USA; 66. Di

15 MARCH 2002
rlands; 38. Prof. rsity of Basel, Rakesh Rajani, kiElimu, Tanzaajasingham, InAdvanced Stud'sity, NY, USA; :ctor, Center for ch, Delhi, India; amu-Musembi. ent Studies, Uni43. Dr. Chandra national Peace Sharmini Ferngee Studies, York n, Canada; 45. ant Worker Prona; 46. Ameena eva, Switzerland, l, Creekside Edu3. Dilshika JayaYork, NY, USA; Jnion Representa, Locals 175 and Deylon Mooney, -South Peace and SA; 52. Mithran pendent Scholar, \; 53. Sara Zucker, Justice in Times vard University, )ore, Cornell UniYork, USA; 55. Marconi, UK; 56. al, University of Christopher Pollit European Union liversity, CambriMetz University, Milton, Coordinahoritarianism Resity of WisconsinDarshan AmbalaReligion, Harvard lge, USA; 60. Dr. cal Psychologist, Dr. Anne M. Blaof South Carolina, d Woodside, Facxe, McMaster Unintario, Canada; 63. l, Professor Emeriersity, Hamilton, Dr. Alan Keenan, hter for Study of flict, University of A; 65. Dr. David Director, IMBA of Memphis, MemDerek Paul, Profes
sor Emeritus, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 67. Dr. Elizabeth J Harris, Honorary Lecturer, Birmingham University, UK; 68. Dr. Frederick Knight, Carter G. Woodson Institute, University of Virginia, USA; 69. Dr. Gordon McCline, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 70. Dr. Jack SantaBarbara, Associate, Center for Peace Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 71. Dr. Jasmin Habib, Postdoctoral Research & Teaching Fellow, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 72. Dr. Joanna Santa Barbara, Center for Peace Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 73. Dr. K.M.WilsonYang, Research Co-ordinator, Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 74. Dr. Len Lothstein, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; 75. Dr. Louis Bickford, Senior Associate, International Center for Transitional Justice, New York, UK; 76. Dr. Mary-Beth Raddon, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Canada; 77. Dr. Daniela Dohmes-Ockenfels, Judge, Braunschweig, Germany; 78. Dr. Michael Polanyi, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 79. Dr. Mohamed M. Arafa, Georgia DOT, Georgia, USA; 80. Dr. Pablo Policzer, Institute for International Relations, University of British Columbia, Canada; 81. Dr. Paul Younger, Professor Emeritus, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 82. Dr. R. Rajmohan, Independent scholar, Toronto, Canada; 83. Dr. Ram Manikkalingam, Research Fellow, Open Society Institute, USA; 84. Dr. Robert Chase MD, Dept of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada;85. Dr. Robin Lucy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 86. Dr. Ron McDonald, Pastoral Counselor, Church Health Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; 87. Dr. Seddiq Weera, Director, Af. ghanistan Peace Program, Center for Peace Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 88. Lalith Lankatilleke, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, New York, USA; 89. Lisa Kois, Independent Scholar, New York, NY, USA;90. Mangalika de Silva, Amsterdam School for

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Page 12
12 AES
Colombo - It is a time of great expectations over in Sri Lanka. With the Ceasefire Agreement signed one day ahead of schedule on 22 February, leading to some hiccups in relations between the President and Prime Minister, there are rising expectations that this time round peace will indeed become a reality. A well-orchestrated, but well-deserved, media blitz about Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe "taking Jaffna by storm' with his two-day historic visit to Jaffna has raised expectations to a new level. The current effort at another stab at peacemaking is genuinely seen by many as the greatest hope and last chance for peace in the country.
There was no hiding the fact that the LTTE leader Velupillai Pirabaharan had made a strategically successful move, in signing the agreement before the scheduled date - February 22. Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe himself admitted at a press conference on February 24, that he had indeed been taken by surprise when the Norwegian Ambassador Jon Westborg had brought him the agreement already signed by Pirabaharan, earlier than it was expected. What the LTTE leader had signed was the final draft that was taken for his approval.
This in turn led to the obvious displeasure of the President, when the Prime Minister showed her a document already bearing the signature of the LTTE leader confrontingher with a virtualfait accompli. Her request that she should be given some time to study it was not acceptable to the Prime Minister. He said that once the LTTE had signed it, any delay on the part of the Sri Lanka Government would have given an advantage to the LTTE internationally, by being able to say that the Government was delaying over placing its signature after the LTTE had already done so. Therefore the Prime Minister proceeded to Vavuniya, where he was cheered by a very large gathering of people, and carried out the planned ritual of signing the agreement on behalf of the Government.
The Prime Minister speaking to the media at Vavuniya said the ceasefire between the government and the LTTE was the first step required for further negotiations towards achieving peace. He did say that the path ahead was not an easy one, but all efforts should be made to overcome the obstacles ahead.
Meanwhile the President issued an initial statement that the final agreement had not been shown her nor to the Cabinet before signature by the LTTE leader.
The Prime Minister correct but explain choice but to go ahe appointed day, as th signed it. He did no dent had been ignol was not possible to time she sought to s
O President's
A few days lat Secretariat issued th letter to the Prime President, making strongly critical of ment. In her studiec Agreement that she was shown to her leader signed it and clauses that "could security concerns a reviewed by the S and the National Se Although it wa atunga herself, in LTTE, who agree facilitator in the Sri ess in the year 200 provisions in the C had made Norway r arbitrator than a fac cally asked, "whet mandate given to thi ment had changed ti make it incompatib status of Sri Lanka“ The letter made the inclusion of the trol" referring to th cilitate the flow of ment of civilians fr trolled areas and L vice-versa. Preside served that the phr "is a highly evocati region and also els where lines of con have been endless s bitterness and trag critical of the fact til tors have become t any dispute over th the Ceasefire Agree President Kum question as to why ment makes no mer talks with the LTT the substantial poli in bringing about p
 

15 MARCH 2002
had to admit this as ed that there was no ad and sign it on the he LTTE had already tagree that the Presired, but added that it have given the extra study it in depth.
ConCerS ter, the Presidential he text of an ill-page Minister from the several observations the Ceasefire Agreeobservations on the said that final draft only after the LTTE that it contained some impinge on national nd would have to be ervice Commanders 'curity Council.” is President Kumaragreement with the d to Norway being Lankan peace proc0, her letter said that leasefire Agreement more of a mediator or ilitator. She categoriher the nature of the e Norwegian Governo such an extent as to le with the sovereign ייל
pointed reference to phrase “line of cone checkpoints to fagoods and the movepm Government conTTE held areas and nt Kumaratunga obase “line of control” ive expression in our ewhere in the world, trol and demarcation sources of confusion, gedy.” She was also hat the foreign monihe "final arbiters' in he implementation of
ment. laratunga posed the the Ceasefire Agreetion at all as to when E will commence on tical issues involved beace. She noted this
as a significant omission in the Ceasefire Agreement and indicated that it did not tie down the LTTE to the need for negotiation in the future.
While assuring the Prime Minister of her support for the peace process, which she says is a continuation of what she began in 1995, President Kumaratunga said that better results could be achieved if there is more frank consultation with her by the Prime Minister, so that they could jointly act with better understanding of experiences from the past.
If there was a clear note of ire in the letter, the President sought to offset it by her final assurance that she was supportive of the peace process, and of this being a continuation of a process that was initiated by her.
Contradicting the President on the issue of lack of consultation, cabinet spokesman and Constitutional Affairs Minister, Prof. G L Peiris, told journalists that the draft was discussed at two cabinet meetings. The Government's response to the President's expressed concerns was that in essence and substance the present Ceasefire Agreement was no different to the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement signed between the PA Government and the LTTE in January 1995, although the current agreement had certain added provisions, which it said was beneficial for confidence building and the peace process. As foreign governments, particularly India, the United States, Britain and Canada expressed their support for the Ceasefire Agreement, and sensing that the President's publicly expressed comments were out of step with local and international opinion, the President's Office was quick to respond that the President was at no time interested in jeopardizing or torpedoing the agreement, and reiterated that she was fully supportive of the peace process.
At the Cabinet meeting held on March 7, the President expressed concern at media reports that continued to claim she was attempting to scuttle the peace process. She told the cabinet that she would in no way stand in the way of the Peace Process, and had reminded Ministers that she had always championed the cause of peace and even risked her life in the cause of peace. The somewhat tense Cabinet meeting came to an end with the Prime Minister light heartedly suggesting that the need now seemed to be a Memorandum of Understanding on a ceasefire between the President and Prime Minister, which won the laughter of all including the President.

Page 13
15 MARCH 2002
O Parliamentary debate
However, as the criticism of the Agreement increased especially from the JVP, the Sinhala Urumaya and some sections of the PA (especially with local government polls just round the corner), Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe was quick to respond to a request by the Leader of the Opposition for a Parliamentary debate on the Agreement, and agreed to an early date for it.
The debate that took place on March 4 and 5 was a success for the Government and the Prime Minister in particular. He opened the debate with a very statesmanlike speech that recalled the history of the ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka, and made a plea to all parties not to approach the issue of this agreement for narrow political purposes, and repeat the errors of the past. His tone of voice and the examples he gave of the previous failures in efforts to solve the crisis such as the Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam Pact, the Dudley-Chelvanayakam Pact, District Councils and Provincial Councils, exposed the guilt of all parties involved in this futile and tragic exercise, including the UNP that he led today. In an oblique reference to the JVP, although not by name, he appealed to those who were responsible for all the violence that led to the departure of the IPKF in 1999, not to treat the Norwegians in the same manner, He said the Norwegians should be accused of nothing, as thy were acting on the invitation of both the PA and the UNP, as well as, the LTTE.
The Prime Minister sought to allay fears of the Opposition by ensuring that the armed forces will be kept on constant alert due to the high level of mistrust between the two parties. He said that: “while moving ahead on the peace process we will entrust our armed forces with the responsibility of safeguarding any threat to our national security. In this context I will do what is necessary to strengthen, reform and retrain our armed forces.”
Concluding his speech the Prime Minister said "today we are living in a fractured and fragmented country. It is important to unite the country, which has been fragmented over the years and put it back. He wound up quoting Abraham Lincoln: "Let us strive to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds." It was statesmanship of a high order rarely seen in Parliament in recent times, and won much respect for the Prime Minister even from his critics in Opposition.
Virtually cutting his teeth as Leader of the Opposition, Mr. Mahinda Rajapakse of the PA, followed in the measured tones of the Prime Minister,
laying emphasis ol raised by the Presi overall calling for a to the matter, whe be corrected. Wit tone as leader of th not possible for oth to go into extremes ever, MEP leader rdane, a constitue warned against an ban on the LTTE, w possible threats to eignty. The JVP, as the Agreement as a Sri Lankan sover through the agency and threatened to against it.
However, the b the Government car in the form of th Samitha Thera, M. monk elected to P member of the LS equivocal in its su ment, and even op President's declared In words rarely Buddhist monk on Rev. Baddegama Sa Agreement demand port from all. He wa were "nit-picking” in the agreement a valued peace to su He too spoke at leng repeat the errors of gain cheap and na through the ethnic c united stand in sup called the warning Silva in the speech Bill in 1956 that ( mean two nations, would ensure one 1 national unity and p the highest priority, to extend support ti in his efforts to a speech, although c Buddhist monk ma of the next day to l the headline "Bhikk ess - Ven. Samitha Two days later tion of Buddhist m letter of protest a Agreement and the Norwegian Embass Ironically, secti some Buddhist org tioned the very pro monk sitting in P. found in Ven. Sami in the campaign for

some of the doubts lent in her letter, but consensual approach eby any errors could his having set this e Opposition, it was 2r speakers of the PA of opposition. HowMr. Dinesh Gunawant party of the PA, attempts to lift the hile underscoring the the country’s soverexpected condemned complete sell out of :ignty to the LTTE of the Norwegians, organize the masses
iggest advantage for ne from the PA itself, e Rev. Baddegama P, the first Buddhist arliament, who is a SP that is so far unpport for the Agreebenly critical of the reservations about it. to be heard from a the ethnic issue, the amitha Thera Said the ed and deserved sups critical of those who about certain clauses nd called on all who Ipport the agreement. gth on the need not to the past in seeking to rrow political gain risis, and called for a port for peace. He reby Dr. Colvin R de on the Sinhala Only one language would while two languages lation. He called for eace to be considered and therefore for all the Prime Minister chieve peace. This oming from a single le the “Daily News” ead with it, giving it hus back peace procThera”.
however, a delegaonks handed over a gainst the Ceasefire role of Norway to the y in Colombo. ons of the media and anisations that quespriety of a Buddhist rliament, have now ha Thera a new hero peace.
TAMITES 13
The Government had the better of it in the two-day debate. The Prime Minister readily agreed to a request by the Leader of the Opposition, earlier proposed by the LSSP, for a Parliamentary Committee to oversee the implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement.
However, one significant contribution, dealing with another aspect of the Agreement came from Mr. Douglas Devananda, leader of the EPDP which cannot be counted as a friend of the LTTE. He expressed support for the Ceasefire Agreement, and said it was the sincere desire of his party to see that the steps that follow too would be successful. However he had much to criticise the LTTE, and to warn of placing too much trust in it. He said: “The people of this country, the diplomatic community and the international community are well aware of the culprits who, lacking faith in negotiations and in democracy, sabotaged the negotiations of the past,” adding, "The LTTE used every stage of negotiations to their own advantage and further attempted to strengthen themselves militarily. They did not in honesty seek any lasting political solution. They could not even come to terms with the people's support for a political solution." He added that: "Judging from the past, one is not sure whether the LTTE isjoining the peace process with real faith in such a process, oran LTTE weakened by the international events which followed the attack on American cities on September 1 1, 2001 by the bin Laden group has only compelled it to buy time as part of its overall tactics.'
O Disarming para-military groups
The EPDP leader's main concern, apart from mistrust of the LTTE's motives in signing the agreement, was the clause in it that required all other Tamil militia groups to surrender their arms within 30 days of signing of agreement, or for their members to come under the ambit of the armed forces and to serve in areas outside the North and East. The EPDP, he said carried arms only to protect themselves from the LTTE. To ask that they and other such organisations be disarmed, would expose them to grave danger, and the further proviso that those who retained arms should come under the armed forces and serve in areas outside the north and East, was giving free rein to the LTTE in these areas, and preventing any other political activity from being carried out in the North & East, other than by the LTTE.
He added that the day the LTTE declares publicly that it would not engage in fratricide, political killings, threats and

Page 14
14 TAM TIMES
harassments and that political dissent would be respected in the North and East and they implement these promises, they (EPDP) would gladly and willingly part with their weapons, but continue political work among the people.
The requirement that Tamil political parties that carry arms and Tamil paramilitary groups surrender their weapons or be absorbed into the army has become a major problem for these parties. The EPRLF (Perumal faction) says that the group carries arms provided by the Government itself for their protection, and denies that it is para-military group. PLOTE and TELO have para-military groups. Their carrying out any political activity that is opposed or even critical of the LTTE in the North & East is effectively prevented by the requirement in the Agreement that they be disarmed. PLOTE has already begun surrendering the weapons of their cadres in Vavuniya. TELO has made no move yet and similarly the EPRLF (P). But by D+30 days, i.e. 30 days from signing the agreement the military will hunt them for their weapons.
While these groups express concern for their own safety and inability to carry outpolitical activity, there is another side to this issue too. Some of these para-military groups, particularly PLOTE and
TELO have used thei carry out extortion fro ticularly in the Vavur view of some analysts reason for including tl be the same, that by a groups that work side army, to the regular fi ment is better placed a no longerbe able to ci these groups as an exc any violation of the Ce These Tamil groups co as political parties an to be absorbed into the tainly a complex iss problems, there is lit LTTE will have its w the future of these a Tamil political groups
Commenting ontl "The Hindu" (Internat 2002 said: “Sri Lank militant groups, which struggle in 1987 at Indi now coming to grips w their decision to jointh cratic political mainst nowhere. After nearly ing their own as polit outside Parliament, tht fits of ex-militants no
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armed cadres to n the people, parya area. It is the that although the is clause may not sorbing auxiliary
by side with the rces, the Governthe LTTE would e the existence of use in the event of sefire Agreement. nsider themselves would not want military. It is cerle. Whatever the le doubt that the ay with regard to med or unarmed
lese developments ional) of 07 March a's former Tamil gave up the armed a's persuasion, are rith the reality that Ie country's demoream has got them
15 years of holdical parties in and ese anti-LTTE outw find themselves
facing total oblivion. The ceasefire agreement between the Government and the LTTE has effectively seen to that. It has given on a platter to the Tigers what they tried so hard to do all these years with guns and suicide bombers: get rid of all their political rivals."
"Pongu Thamil" Campaign With no Tamil party other than those in the Tamil National Alliance (TNA) who act in support of the LTTE being able to function in the North and East, the LTTE has already begun to openly carry out its political activities in these areas, with no obstruction from the security services. The main aspect of this is the "Pongu Thamil' or Tamil Awakening campaign that was initially launched in Mannar, later held in Batticaloa before the Ceasefire Agreement was signed, and had its biggest show at Vavuniya, after the Agreement. The "Pongu Thamil" campaign is described as a Tamil cultural festival laying emphasis on Tamil identity. However, there is little doubt that it has both the blessings and the organisational hand of the LTTE behind it. The first show in Mannar is reported to have had about 25,000 participants. The one at Batticaloa about a week later is said to have been double in size.
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Page 15
15 ARCH 2002
A delegation from "Satyodaya" comprising Fr. Paul Caspersz, SRajalingam, Rohan Benjamin, and KBabuji, who visited Batticaloa on a fact finding mission at the time of the celebrations has this to say: "First, all sections of the people are unanimous in their desire for an end to the war and violence and for the restoration of peace. The first person we met in Batticaloa town told us, "The dogs went scampering under the beds and tables when they heard the guns fire, so now even they want peace.” Second, after peace negotiations began following the ceasefire of 24 December there is tremendous hope, bordering on certainty, that this time the negotiations will be successful. There will be peace with honour for all. “At the “Pongu Thamil" or “Tamils Awake” celebrations which were held in Batticaloa the day after our arrival our impressions were confirmed. We were able to see for ourselves the massive support given to the peace process by the several thousands who flocked to the spacious grounds for the celebrations. Some Tiger groups used the opportunity to cry themselves hoarse with the demand for de-proscription, but the loudest and most persuasive cry of the People was for a just peace.'
The crowd at the Vavuniya celebrations of "Pongu Thamil" is reported at anything from 50 to 70 thousand. By any account it was massive. Journalists who covered it had differring reports, but there was general agreement that the LTTE played a major role in its organisation and success. "Donations' were obtained from traders or anyone carrying out any occupation in the area. The principals of schools were asked to bring all their students, dressed in the proper manner, wearing the LTTE rosettes; carrying pictures of Prabhakaran with the caption "Tamil is our life" (Thamil Engal Uyir); the children had been taught to sing proLTTE songs. All shops and trade stalls had to be closed. The celebrations went on through the night, and many loud de
mands were made f of the LTTE, espe parties of the TNA of this new roads and awakening. Se of the dream of as the Tamils being a The writ of the shops applied to Vavuniya too. The largely anti-militar lights of the festiva large military boot, oppression. The LT on this occasion by ing video recording Mullaitivu Army C tack of the Katuna and civilian airport. to considerable mut in the Army camps.
O Up Country
An event of spec Vavuniya event was P. Chandrasekerar Country People's C ister of non-Cabin (since elevated to making a fiery spee present said that 1.5 Up Country fully su ofthe Tamils fora se very soon the Up ( would begin agitatio determination and t separate state in th This was worry enol ter Ranil Wickrema whatever fears the S the Ceasefire Agreer Mr. Chandrasekaran of a following amo Tamils, and his ele was largely due to ruling United Nati However, the holdii folio will enable hir port base in the com If this was not w
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r the de-proscription ially by MPs of the iho are a regular part ow of Tamil culture eral speakers spoke parate homeland for eality very soon. LTTE to close down Sinhala traders at logans shouted were and one of the highwas the burning of a symbolizing military TE also raised funds screening and sellof the capture of the amp and also the attake Air Force Base It is said that this led terings of discontent
Famils ial significance at the the presence of Mr. , leader of the Up }rganization, a Minet rank at the time Cabinet rank) who, h to the huge crowd million Tamils of the pported the struggle parate state, and that Country Tamils too n for the right to selfhe establishing of a eir own homeland. igh for Prime Minissinghe, in defusing inhalese have about hent and its outcome. does not have much ng the Up Country ction to Parliament is alliance with the onal Front (UNF). g of a Cabinet portto expand his suping months. orry enough for the
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TAM TIMES 15
Prime Minister, there was also the sudden decision by Minister Arumugan Thondaman, leader of the CWC, to visit the Vanni and meet with the leaders of the LTTE. All this activity gave some cause for credence and fear among the Sinhalese, easily exploitable by extremist groups, that there were moves for an axis with the LTTE and the Up Country Tamil youth. This is something the LTTE failed to achieve through the long years of leadership of the Up Country Tamils by the late Mr. S. Thondaman.
The LTTE has announced it will soon hold "Pongu Thamil” festivals in Colombo, Nuwara Eliya and other places outside the North-East raising fears of the prospect of "Counter Sinhala Awakening' campaigns by extremist Sinhala groups. Not unpredictably, the Sihala Urumaya (SU), wrote to the Prime Minister asking him not to permit the holding of these festivals in these locations. The Secretary of the SU, Mr. Thilak Karunaratne said at a press conference that the Prime Minister had been informed that holding such an event especially in Colombo could well lead to clashes "turning Colombo into a reservoir of blood.’’
The SU in its letter to the Prime Minister states: “It is not possible that you are unaware of the fact that the LTTE, under cover of the MoU which you signed with that organization, are engaged in activities aimed at establishing control in areas they did not have access to previously...We predicted that the LTTE will use the ceasefire to launch a propaganda campaign to gather support from people in these areas to their separatist cause. It is this propaganda war that has found expression in the form of the so-called "cultural celebrations' such as the "Pongu Thamil" event."
The SU wantS the Prime Minister to ban these events as being illegal. Legal or not, under the terms of the Ceasefire Agreement there appears to be hardly any possibility for the Prime Minister to prevent these festivals being held in places that are not under LTTE control after D-90, when the LTTE members are free to move in any part of the country, excluding security zones, and carry out any political activity. Any attempts to impose restrictions to such free movement and activity are likely to be considered by the LTTE as a breach of the agreement. Meanwhile the SU and JVP have separately filed action in the Court of Appeal challenging the legality of the Ceasefire Agreement. They have been given leave to proceed.

Page 16
16 TAMILTIMES
O Norway becomes mediator
The LTTE leader met with the Head of the Norwegian-led monitoring mission when Mr. Pirabaharan observed that the signing of the Ceasefire Agreement was an historic event. He said that the return to normalcy could be expedited if the opening of the A9 route - the Kandy - Jaffna road was expedited. He is reported to have assured retired General Trond Furuhovde that the LTTE will give its entire support to make the ceasefire effective and lead to the intended talks.
Meanwhile Norway, which so far played the role of facilitator in bringing the Government and LTTE to the negotiating table, has now confirmed its role as a mediator between the two parties. This news did not come from a Sri Lanka Government source but was made known when the Norwegian Foreign Minister, Jan Petersen, in a statement on Foreign Policy to the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) said: "Norway has been a mediator in the process of reaching an agreement. We have indicated our willingness to assist the parties in new attempts, since we have noted a new will to make progress.”
Some political observers are concerned as to how Norway as mediator could also be arbitrator in disputes over
implementation of th ment, and also not o head the Internationa sion, comprising mem and the other three N. Meanwhile the II (March 9) announced tives to serve on the committees the ceased names were disclosed monitors from the No preparing to open thi the Kilinochchi Distri missions will be loca of Jaffna, Mannar, Va lee, Batticaloa and An access to other areast mitted by the LTTE Benedict Gnanaratnar Pantharippu and Mr. sapillai, an audit acco Mr. Velupillai Sivan and Mr. K. Ratneshwa rtered accountant; Ma Xavier Cruz and Mr. Assistant Director ol caloa : Mr. K. Chinn of the administrative Krishnapillai a retire Ampara : Mr. S. Sou! torney-at-law and M nathan, Assistant Diri
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2 Ceasefire Agreenly be a party but l Monitoring Misbers from Norway ordic countries.
TTE has already its 12 representa6 local monitoring ire agreement. The as the international rdic countries were air headquarters in ct. The monitoring ted in the districts vuniya, Trincomanpara, but will have oo. The names sub: are: Jaffna : Fr. n, the Parish Priest, Asai Pillai Kailauntant; Vavuniya : athan and engineer ra Kurukkal, a channar : Fr. Anthony Mariyanagam Cruz, Education; Battiiah, retired officer service and Mr. K. d school principal; ndaranayagam, At4ír. R. Shanmugaector of Education;
and Trincomalee: Mr. K. Sivapalan, Attorney-at-law and Mr. Selvarajah Dharmalingam, retired Grama Sevaka.
O LTTE sets up offices
With the Ceasefire Agreement permitting free political activity to the LTTE, it has opened its first political office at Government controlled Vavuniya, signaling their entry into the political scene. The first office was opened at Kurukkalmadam, 01 km from the LTTE opens offices.
With the Ceasefire Agreement permitting free political activity to the LTTE, it has opened its first political office in Government controlled Vavuniya, signaling their entry into the political scene. The first office was opened at Kurukkalmadam, 01 km from the Mannar Road. Two more offices are to be set up shortly at Chettikulam and Pavatkulam in the Vavuniya District.
The LTTE announced they would be setting up offices in the Batticaloa, Trincomalee, Mannar and Ampara districts in the coming few weeks. The moves to establish political offices come as rival Tamil groups began withdrawing from their positions held earlier in key towns where they dominated the scene over the past decade.
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Page 17
15 MARCH 2002
The Bishop of Jaffna, Thomas Savunderanayagam, speaking to the foreign media has called on the Sri Lankan Government and the LTTE to begin early talks to convert the current ceasefire into a permanent peace. "Both sides should move towards negotiations so that there is a political settlement to the problems of the Tamils through devolution," Rev. Savunderanayagam, who heads the Catholic Church in the Peninsula, said.
The Tamil political parties that have now been compelled to give up their arms claim that with the signing of the Ceasefire Agreement the path has been made easy for the LTTE to levy its own "taxes' from the people. Earlier, there were many allegations that these rival political parties also levied "taxes” especially in Vavuniya. There are reports that the LTTE collects 30 percent on goods taken to the Vanni area, and no change in this has been made since the volume of goods increased after the Government lifted restrictions on the transport of goods, bringing in much more revenue to the LTTE as well. All public servants in the areas held by the Government are also required under compulsion to give a minimum of 20 per cent of their monthly earnings to the LTTE. It is a matter of silent compliance through fear.
Commenting on these illegal levies on the people, this is what the "Sathyodaya" team that recently visited Batticaloa Districtled by Fr. Paul Caspersz has to say: "As for extortion the team learnt that this was not merely a postceasefire phenomenon, but in the form of "Taxes to the Finance Unit' had already been taking place for months before the ceasefire. Before and after the ceasefire this form of "tax" payment of ten seemed to pass far beyond the bounds of what might be considered to be legitimate taxation and to be pure and simple unjustifiable extortion. ... There have undoubtedly been cases both of forced abduction and extortion. The international ceasefire monitors will almost certainly investigate them. Who is guilty of these violations of human rights is yet to be known. While some residents tell us that these are acts are of the essence of Tiger operations in their area, the Tigers have on more than one occasion denied responsibility."
O The Muslim factor
There are signs that the leader of the SLMCMr. Rauff Hakeem, whose expulsion from the PA led to series of developments resulting in its ultimate defeat in the last elections, is in anyway happy about the situation of the Muslims visavis the Ceasefire Agreement which
makes only a passi “Muslim factor': "Th ognise that groups party to the conflict consequences of it. the case as regards tion.'
A SLMC spokes be increasingly diffi and any other Muslin silent about how th sure the safety and ri and about what plans LTTE have to ensu Muslims in any futu In fact speaking dia”, recently Mr. H. community had not from the permanen only respite for the the ceasefire were m He said the LTTE co extort from Muslim country, despite Hakeem said that th include certain clau Muslims in the Ceas was unable to reach issue. “In the Ceas looks as if the Muslin together with the res
Admitting there escalation of the har Muslims in the East Agreement, Mr Hak ports in recent mont ceasefire) of extorti stealing of vehicles 1 LTTE for fund raisi of Muslim families who were to make grimage last month, plans after the LT sums of money from added.
Hakeem said th Muslims would be i monitoring ofthe ce clearly that either pa extort civilians. "Ol the moment is for enforced properly. It monitoring groups Muslims are not h Hakeem said the Mu the peace process po entirely confident want to approach it but it does not mean We will have to watc Senior PA Me and former minister was more outspoken welcoming the cea Government and L that the Government

TAMILIMES 7
ng reference to the le Parties further recthat are not directly are also suffering the This is particularly the Muslim popula
man said that it will cult for Mr. Hakeem npolitician to remain e Ceasefire will enghts of the Muslims, the Government and re the rights of the re negotiations. to the "Times of InIakeem said that his benefited sufficiently t ceasefire, and the Muslims would be if onitored effectively. ntinued to harass and is in the East of the the ceasefire. Mr. e SLMC had tried to Ses beneficial to the efire Agreement, but a compromise on the efire Agreement it mshave been lumped sidue" he said. had been a slight deassment faced by the t after the Ceasefire Keen referred to rehs (of the unilateral ons, kidnapping and from Muslims by the ng purposes. Dozens in the North & East the annual Haj Pilhad to cancel their TE demanded huge them, Mr. Hakeem
e only hope for the f there was effective ase-fire, which states rty cannot harass or ur only salvation for the cease-fire to be : is incumbent on the to ensure that the larassed,' he said. islims would look at sitively but were not bout it. “We don't with a lack of faith we have confidence. handsee,' he added. mber of Parliament Mr. A. H. M. Fowzie on the matter. While sefire between the ITTE, he maintained had failed to ensure
the security of the Muslims in the agreement. He added that: “Reports from the East are very disturbing. There's a lot of disillusionment and disappointment among the Muslims over the failure by the Government to take adequate measures in the Ceasefire Agreement to ensure their safety."
Strange as it may seem, the Sihala Urumaya too has taken up the cause of the Muslims in its own campaign against the Ceasefire Agreement and so has the JVP.
O Rifts in the PA
While the main focus these days is on the Ceasefire Agreement and its af. termath, the opposition PAled by President Chandrika Kumaratunga is showing signs of major rifts within it. The main cause of the trouble is the announcement by Mr. Anura Bandaranaike that he would be the next PA nominee for the Presidency, and his snide comments belittling the new Leader of the Opposition, Mr. Mahinda Rajapakse. Mr. Bandaranaike added hereditary rights to leadership of the SLFP, the main constituent of the PA, to his other claims of political experience, and referred to Mr. Mahinda Rajapakse as being only a 'street fighter".
Mr. Rajapakse has so far pulled his punches in the battle, except to state that even a street fighter requires good organizing skills, and the ability to take quick decisions. There is little doubt that President Kumaratunga is not in anyway happy that Mr. Rajapakse was the choice of the lager number of PA MPs and SLFP members to lead the Opposition. As senior vice president of the SLFP he has a clear stake in any future leadership contest within the SLFP, and it now appears that President Kumaratunga would not be happy to see her mantle going out of the family to the Rajapakse’s from Hambantota. In fact Mr. Anura Bandaranaike has asserted that he is a national leader, with both parents having been Prime Ministers and his sister the President, while Mr. Rajapakse is only a district leader. Mr. Rajapakse's observation is that the contest for the presidency is far away and there is no need to bother about it, just now. But he has made it very clear that he will certainly be in the running to be the PA candidate.
However, there is every sign that in the coming months the in-fighting within the PA will increase, specially in the SLFP, as it did during the previous 17 year regime of the UNP, denying the country of an effective democratic opposition.

Page 18
18 TAMILTMES
O UNP - rifts and strategies
All is not well within the UNP too. There appears to be an open clash for power between the Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and the Minister for Power and Energy, his deputy leader Mr. Karu Jayasuriya. UNP insiders say that the decision by the PM to give the portfolio of Power & Energy in the midst of a grave power crisis was to weaken the position of Karu Jayasuriya. The power-cuts, lasting several hours every day, is as unpopular as it is damaging to the economy. On being appointed Minister, Jaya-suriya made a pledge to resign from office if the power crisis is not solved within six months from January 1, 2002.
Meanwhile, the Prime Minister has decided to preside over meetings of the officials of the Ceylon Electricity Board and make public announcements about possible solutions to the power crisis. Barely a week after the Prime Minister gave the public the assurance that the power cuts would not be extended from the then prevailing two-and-a-halfhours a day, the Ceylon Electricity Board had to announce the increase of the power cut to five hours a day. The Prime Minister had to make an apology to the public for the increased power cuts.
With speedy action being taketo import heavy duty generators, with little respect for accepted tender procedures, and signs that the long awaited rains may in fact come in time, Mr. Jayasuriya may not have to keep to his promise of resigning at the end of six months. But, the rifts within the UNP remain. It is learnt that most of the names submitted by Mr. Jayasuriya for the forthcoming local elections have been turned down. The Prime Minister in fact asked Mr. Navin Dissanayake, the son-in-law of Karu Jayasuriya, and son of the late Gamini Dissanayake to resign from all his offices, including that of a deputy minister when he submitted his resignation from being the UNP organiser for Nuwara Eliya, as his nominees for the local polls had been deleted.
9 An expandec The wait was of ister Ranil Wickrem in some of his close Cabinet Ministers in ing in ceremony in D a Cabinet of 25 mi number of ministers and deputy ministers inga total of63. Ei for possible crosswho were talking of Minister to form a N But the much antici not materialise.
Therefore, the P it that eight new Ca sworn in on Februa in was delayed by se absence of the Pre Minister. While the not get the expected PA, President Char was certainly unhap the additional portf fairs to her erstwh turned arch rival Mi At the original swe ber, she refused to Mr. Dissanayake, as how he handled fur fairs Minister in he under investigation mission. The Comn formed that the file been closed. There with much displeast had to swear in Mr. already Minister of ister of Samurdhi A
O US Warning
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15 MARCH 2002
abinet avail. Prime Minnghe did not swear des in the UNFas he original Swear:ember 2001, when sters, and a large fnon-cabinet rank were sworn in, makht places were kept vers from the PA, upporting the Prime tional Government. ated cross-over did
me Minister saw to inet Ministers were y 28. The swearing "eral days due to the ident or the Prime rime Minister could :ross-overs from the drika Kumaratunga by at having to give lio of Samurdhi Af. le cabinet minister . S. B. Dissanayake. ring in last Decemive this portfolio to some matters about ds as Samurdhi Afr Government were by the Bribery Comhission has since inon the subject has fore, it was clearly ure that the President Dissanayake, who is Agriculture, as Minffairs, too.
0 LTTE
es in an official state1 1, cautioned the the prospect of furtionally, and do harm Ils it claims to repreoured the Ceasefire Government of Sri ly hard-hitting stateake of many reports still engaged in the
smuggling of weapons, recruitment of child soldiers, abductions, ransom demands, collection ofprotection money and generally threatening the people in areas both within and out of its control, especially in the East.
The stick and carrot statement also said the US would respond positively to the LTTE it if chooses the path of peace and ends its reliance on terrorism, and the demand for a separate Eelam.
Following is the text of the statement issued through the US Embassy in Colomboon 11 March: a “We have heard credible reports that the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) are engaged in activities that could jeopardize the recent indefinite ceasefire accord reached with the Sri Lankan Government.
"These reports recount increased LTTE recruitment in Sri Lanka's north an east, including children, as well as kidnapping and extortion, especially of Muslims. To be fair, we understand that incidents of recruitment, kidnapping and extortion have apparently decreased in recent days, a trend that we hope will continue.
"There also have been credible reports of LTTE resupply operations since the ceasefire. Continued smuggling of weapons by the LTTE could undermine the trust needed to move from a cessation of hostilities to a lasting peace.
"The US understands that both sides, not just the LTTE, have responsibilities under the terms of the ceasefire accord. In the current international context, however, in which terrorism is being eondemned in more and more countries, the LTTE should be especially vigilant about observing the terms of the ceasefire accord. It if does not, it will increase its international isolation and do harm to the group it claims to represent, Sri Lanka's Tamils, who earnestly want an end to the war. On the other hand if the LTTE chooses the path of peace, ends its reliance on terrorism, accepts that an independent “Eelam” is both unobtainable and unnecessary, and honours democratic
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Page 19
15 ARCH 2002
and human rights norms, the US will respond positively.
“We urge that the government and LTTE take advantage of the ceasefire accord, and work with the Norwegian government to negotiate a permanent settlement of the conflict.'
O LITTE Dismayed
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Monday denied categorically the accusations levelled against the organisation that it is involved in activities that could jeopardise the permanent truce reached between the Sri Lankan government and itself and which came into effect on February 22.
Mr. Anton Balasingham, chiefnegotiator and a senior leader of the LTTE, commenting on the press statement released by the United States Embassy in Colombo said that the LTTE leadership had issued strict instructions to all its cadres in the North East to strictly observe the terms, conditions, ground rules and other modalities enunciated in the ceasefire agreement.
“Those LTTE members who are found guilty of violating the ceasefire will be severely punished,” Mr. Balasingham said. Expressing reservations over the reports the US embassy claimed "credible,” Mr. Balasingham explained that elements and forces seeking to subvert the peace process are engaged in criminal activities in the name of the LTTE in bid to discredit the organisation.
“We wish to assure the US government that the LTTE is sincerely and seriously committed to peace and to a peace process aimed at a negotiated political settlement,” Mr. Balasingham said.
"We are surprised and dismayed that the US Embassy has thought it a proper protocol to issue a critical statement on ceasefire violations at this critical time when an international team of monitors are assuming responsibilities to supervise the agreement. Yet, we are encouraged by the fact the US government is seriously concerned about the establishment of peace and stability in the island and had appealed to both parties in conflict to observe the terms of the accord,' Mr. Balasingham said.
O PTA Suspects to be Released Following several campaigns of fasting by LTTE suspects held in prisons under the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA), the Government has decided to discharge all those against whom no charges can be framed, and to expedite bringing to Courts those on whom inditments could be served.
The Attorney General has agreed to this procedure as demanded by the suspects held in custody, and suggested by the Prime Minister.
Dr. Jayalath Jayawardana, Minister of
Reconstruction, Rel gee relief, took a le. the Attorney Gene being held at the were carrying out them to give up the partment is reporte on this matter.
This is conside a further measure trust between the G and creating conditi peace process.
O Child Recru At least 18 mor rtedly been recruit armed political gi Tigers of Tamil E Vavuniya district London-based huma Amnesty Internatio) dated l l March 20 In its previous s February 2002, the for the safety of th who are thought to as combatants by ti Duncy Mary ( shini Tharmalingar sekaram Kananay Kathiresan Ruban ndran Sanjiv (m), a Gunaseelan (m), a birasa (m), aged 12 (m), aged 16; Math (m), aged 15; Thiy (m), aged 12; Sel aged 13: Vellaisan Selvarasa Vishahar Duncy Mary w turned from a tuit stand in Tannamun town, eastern Sri L She is a Grade 9 : school in Tannamu portedly excelled i nally from Jaffna, n together with her from there in 1995 Kathiresan Rub and Anantharasa Gl edly among a grou were recruited by ary at Chettikulam, Thiyagarajah S Suthahar and Vella parents on 10 Dect were going to play Sivapuram, Vavun did not return hom The latest stat the AI lists the fol dren who have bec Selvarajah Selv Rasalingam Selva Ranjan Ravikumar ndram Nagulendra kandu Sivasothy ( arasa Kangatharan |

habilitation and Refutter to this effect from ral to LTTE suspects Kalutara Prison, who a fast and persuaded ir fast. The AG's Dedly acting with speed
red by Government as aimed at building of overnment and LTTE ons conducive for the
*
itment e children have repoed as soldiers by the oup, the Liberation elam (LTTE), in the t in Sri Lanka, the an rights organisation, nal, said in a statement 02. tatement issued on 14 AI expressed concern e following children, ) have been recruited he LTTE: f), aged 15; Sudharm (f), aged 12; Gunaagam (m), aged il 6; (m), aged 16; Raviaged 13; Anantharasa ged 14; Baba Tham; Mahendran Kapilan uraiveeran Selvarasa vagarajah Suthaharan varaji Suthahar (m), ly John (m), aged 13; 'an (m), aged 15. as last seen as she reion class near a bus ai, north of Batticaloa anka on l l February. student at St. Joseph nai, where she has ren sports. She is origiorthern Sri Lanka, but family was displaced
lan, Ravindran Sanjiv unaseelan were reportp of seven boys who the LTTE on 2 Janu, Vavuniya district. Suthaharan, Selvaraji isamy John told their ember 2001 that they at the playground in iya district, but they e afterwards. ement (11 March) of lowing 18 more chilin recruited: alogani (f), aged 16; rajah (m), aged 15; (m), aged 12; Nahan (m), aged 14, Samim), aged 14, Thang(m), aged 15; Sellaiya
AMI TMIES 19
Logeswaran (m), aged 15; Ganeshalingam Jeevakanthan (m), aged 16; Balasingam Sasikumar (m), aged 16; Sivapalan Sivaneshan (m), aged 15; Raveendran Sanjiv (m), aged 13; Viraputharan Gavanashan (m), aged 16; Anantharajah Keenseelan (m), aged 13; five others, names not known.
Rasalingam Selvarajah and Ranjan Ravikumar, both students from Kalmadu, were last seen on 1 March when they attended a Pongu Tamil (Tamil awakening) program held in Vavuniya town.
Samikandu Sivasothy, who was living at the Poonthotam camp for internally displaced people, did not return home after he went to play at the local playground on 26 February. Another student living at the camp, Selvarajah Selvalogani, was last seen on 28 February.
Sellaiya Logeswaran and Thangarasa Kangatharan, both students from Tharanikulam, Sasthreekulankulam, were last seen on 25 February. They are suspected to have been recruited by the LTTE with two others whose names are not known. Ganeshalingam Jeevakanthan, from Thonikal, who was working at a communication center in Vavuniya town, was last seen on 16 February. He did not return home from work that day.
Balasingam Sasikumar, Sivapalan Sivaneshan, Raveendran Sanjiv, Viraputharan Gavanashan and Anantharajah Keenseelan were last seen on 2 January when they went to the camp of the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF) (Premachandran faction). According to eyewitnesses, at around 6pm they were taken through the jungle in the direction of areas under the control of the LTTE. Nahandram Nagulendram, a student at the Tamil maha vidiyalam (school) in Vavuniya town, was allegedly similarly recruited by members of the EPRLF (Premachandran faction) on 24 February, together with three others whose names are not known to Amnesty International.
Since Amnesty International appealed to the leadership of the LTTE in mid-February, the group is known to have started investigations into the alleged recruitment of children. Parents of several of the children recruited in and around Vavuniya town were reportedly called to an LTTE office in the area and questioned about how their children were allegedly recruited. None of the children have yet returned home, and during the meeting the LTTE leaders apparently denied that these children had been recruited. Similarly, a team of LTTE members have reportedly arrived in Batticaloa district to investigate reports that the LTTE have recruited children as combatants and committed other human rights abuses in the area. O

Page 20
20 TAMITMES
“Today, we are living in a fractured and a fragmented country. It is important to unite the country, which has been fragmented over the years and put it back. In the words of Abraham Lincoln, let me quote, "Let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds',' Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe told parliament on 4 March when he opened the special two-day debate on the ceasefire agreement between the Government and the LTTE. Defending some controversial clauses in the agreement and sharply rebuking some of his critics, the Prime Minister said, “Often where one stands on an issue depends on where one sits at that particular time and this is especially the case in Sri Lankan politics, where parochial, opportunistic and divisive politics often overwhelm statesmanship and a united national outlook.'
Following is the text of the Premier's speech:
“It is the Government's policy to keep this House informed of each new development on our search for a political solution to the ethnic crisis. This is why I readily agreed with the request of the Leader of the Opposition for a debate. All of us who are citizens of this country are stakeholders in the peace process. What we say and do here would have an impact on 18 million people. It is the same people who gave this Government a mandate to bring a negotiated political solution to the ongoing North East conflict, while safeguarding the country's territorial integrity. It is a mandate to end the North East conflict.
Our approach to finding a political solution is based on the past experiences of negotiating with the LTTE. I have had the opportunity starting from the Thimpu talks, to participate in orto observe all developments at close quarters either from the Government side or from the Opposition.
I have also had t reflect on the mist made. Therefore this is going to be a ste where each step stal is sequentially con The first step was ta manitarian issues t Tamil people. The negotiations with down on the huma have tried a differe solve the humanita new UNF Governm ity to implementing when we relaxed th portation of goods were two unilateral sation of hostilities LTTE and the oth
ment.
The two declar: and conditions were been replaced by an more stable ceasewill be talks about ta to political negotiat crucial issues inclu addressed by both starting of talks, th litical negotiations ble Ceasefire Agré there would have b in arriving at the C This itself was an since extending the larations on the ces created uncertaint East. In the Ceasef parties have accept jective the need to the ongoing eth Lanka. Furthermol reiterated to the C way their commit as soon as possibl implementation of ment would take til riod we think nece
What was sig February was a C
 

15 MARCH 2002
me to analyse and akes we all have time, our approach p-by-step process, lds on its own, but lected to the next. deal with the huhat concerned the brevious rounds of the LTTE broke nitarian issue. We nt approach to rerian issue. As the ent we gave priorthis pledge. Thus, e ban on the transto the Vanni there declaration of cesin place; one by the er by the Govern
tions whose terms different have now mutually agreed and fire. The next step alks which will lead ons. Since there are ding the ban, to be sides prior to the e agreement on pohas to follow a staement. Otherwise, een a further delay asefire Agreement. unhealthy situation two unilateral decsation of hostilities especially in the re Agreement, both ed as its overall ob
find a solution to ic conflict in Sri 2, both parties have overnment of Norhent to begin talks . This is why a full he Ceasefire Agreeree months, the pesary to begin talks. ed on the 22nd of asefire Agreement.
It was not aimed at arriving at a final political solution to this important national problem. But this Agreement takes us halfway down the road to not only meeting the concerns of the LTTE but also towards addressing important issues raised by the Tamil population regarding discrimination.
Humanitarian issues associated with the Ceasefire Agreement address several day-to-day problems faced by the Tamil people by ensuring free movement of people and goods throughout the country. This would present the people in the North and East with the Government service or businesses. This is a right that should be available to all Sri Lankans. Therefore, we as a Government will ensure that all Sri Lankans are given access to the same quality of life regardless of race, sex, religion or where they live. When we achieve this and the people of this country believe that they can live in security without discrimination and harassment, we as a nation and society would have travelled halfway down the road to peace. What remains thereafter would be to determine a constitutional framework that would ensure equality of treatment and the extent to which powers should be devolved to the provinces so as to enable the people in these areas to determine their own social and economic future, and cultural advancement. The Agreement is based on the recognition that civilians, who are not directly a party to the conflict, are also suffering and as such, require both parties to take confidence building measures with the aim of restoring normalcy to all inhabitants of Sri Lanka. It also prohibits both parties from engaging in hostile actions such as abductions, extortion and harassment. This Agreement is wide enough to cover the unacceptable incidents that occurred during the period when the two unilateral declarations were in force. This includes extortion of money form traders - especially Muslims, and the abduction of people in the East. The Agreement is also wide enough to cover forcible recruitment of children by the LTTE. The Police have to maintain law and order in all these areas. One of the groups who were most affected by the hostile acts against civilians, are the Muslims and this Agreement specifically refers to the Muslim population

Page 21
15 MARCH 2002
in this context. The Government is committed to ensuring that the Muslim population can live in safety and security in their villages in the North and East. Furthermore, we have taken steps to strengthen the Police in some of the troubled areas.
Under this Agreement the free movement of armed cadres of the LTTE is limited to the areas presently dominated by the LTTE. Outside these areas, the LTTE members have to be unarmed and are to be governed by the Agreement. While the Government is responsible for the civil administration throughout the country, we have no control over law and order on significant portions of land in the North and East. The armed units of the LTTE dominate these areas. The armed forces have so far been unable to regain control. We all know this is the reality but we do not want to speak about it. We have been fooling the people and in the process we have fooled ourselves. The forward defence lines in the Northern province demarcate the areas, dominated by the armed units of the LTTE. The then Government for the first time admitted to the areas in which we have no control in the Eastern Province in the Report on Census of Population in 2001. In the Districts of Trincomalee and Baticaloa, the census was fully carried out in 12 DS divisions, partially in 8 DS Divisions and could not be carried out in 3 DS divisions. If the writ of the Government ran in all parts of the Eastern Province, we would have been able to carry out the census without excluding any DS Divisions. In these provinces the two parties have to draw up lines of demarcation by D Day + 30. The monitoring mission will assist the two parties in drawing up the demarcation lines. Without such an exercise, separation of combatants in the Eastern Province, where there are no bunker lines (as in the case of the Northern Province), will not be possible. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the Norwegian facilitators have been given the final responsibility for demarcating. Another important aspect of this Ceasefire Agreement is that there is provision for monitoring. The Agreement for Cessation of Hostilities signed in 1995 also made provision for monitoring though circumstance did not allow this to be implemented. The Draft Agreement to permit free movement of goods to the Vanni prepared in April
2001 also contail monitoring by the N ment and this is no Agreement. The m is important to the ment, which has alv the LTTE having vi agreements.
This is not the country is helping t ties together in this India did this in 19 Accord further prc Keeping Force. W What was said of being said of Norw tractors. I tell then same mistake again This Agreeme comed by a vast m this country. Howe concerned as to the motivations of the history of this confl ing that there is a hi between the two while we go forwar Agreement, we wi our armed forces Most Sri Lankans ahead with the peac and a step at a tim guard up at each mind, I have spoker our military leader them our thinking : This dialogue ha lief, that all Sri Lan peace. While mov peace process we W. forces with the res guarding any threat curity. In this conte necessary to streng train our armed foi begun work on th Through this proce tal basis, we woul confidence on a sol on mutual respect. spondingly disenga ment as the ground I will not go in tails of the Agreer speaking after me responsibility. Hov sure the House tha this country and a the text. In fact, the tinuation of the pro PA Government. It into a much more cc

led provision for orwegian Governw included in this Dnitoring provision Sri Lanka Governways complained of olated the previous
first time a foreign obring the two parong drawn conflict. 37. The Indo-Lanka vided for a Peace e sent them away. India then, is now ay by the same del, do not make the
. nt has been wellajority of people in ver, many are stil true intentions and LTTE. Given the ict, it is not surprisgh level of mistrust parties. Therefore, d to implement this Il continue to keep on constant alert. Want uS to move e process cautiously 2, while keeping or stage. With this in to our soldiers and s and explained to und our approach. is reaffirmed my bekans want a lasting ving ahead on the ill entrust our armed ponsibility of safe: to our national sext, I will do what is hen, reform and reces. I have already is important task. ss, on an incremend be able to build td foundation based Then we can correge military involvesituation improves. :o the technical dement, the Ministers will undertake this sever, I wish to ast the best minds in proad have studied Agreementis a concesses begun by the has since evolved mprehensive docu
TAMLTES 21
ment. The Government has acted in a responsible and prudent manner in drafting the Agreement. It should be seen as areasonable and practical foundation on which a political solution to this seemingly intractable problem can be built upon and not as an end in itself.
Often where one stands on an issue depends on where one sits at that particular time and this is especially the case in Sri Lankan politics, where parochial, opportunistic and divisive politics often overwhelm statesmanship and a united national outlook.
Having engaged in politics for over two decades, I realise that this attitude is an intrinsic part of the Sri Lankan political process. This has been the very reason why this conflict has become almost impossible to solve. My intention is to seek a viable consensus for this most critical national issue bearing in mind the fact that the Governmenthas a clear mandate from the people to search for a political solutions. We have to be mindful of the fact that this is the first instance in which the LTTE has accepted the alternative of a negotiated political solution to the crisis. That position was amply reflected in the statement made by the leader of the LTTE on November 27 last year.
We also have to be mindful of the fact that the international community has fully backed the policy of my Government at every stage. They too have called for political negotiations with a view to resolving this crisis. Finally, I would like to warn this House and the nation, as it has been the case with other peace processes around the world, the road to peace will have more pitfalls and setbacks than successes. Our collective character and resolve as a nation and society will be tested and challenged at every turn. Every setback will be criticised by our detractors, with an “I told you so" and successes, more often than not, will be trivialized orignored. But our people yearn for peace and they plead that we unite as a nation to address this important cause ignoring political and philosophical allegiances. Today, we are living in a fractured and a fragmented country. It is important to unite the country, which has been fragmented over the years and put it back. In the words of Abraham Lincoln, let me quote, "Let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds.” O

Page 22
22 TAMILTIMES
Beyond the Cease Presidential Fury Purposive Cohabita
Rajan Philips
fter nineteen years of beggarly fighting, a permanent ceasefire agreement smells as good as permanent peace. It smells good for almost every section of Sri Lankan society, except for the predators who have political and material interests, or just plain psychopathic compulsions, in carrying on the beggarly fight. The ceasefire smells bravely on the embattled Sinhalese soldiers most of whom, like soldiers everywhere, are pushed into the army by the poverty of their parents, while the real predators in Colombo will never send their children to defend the 'line of control'. It is sweet smell for a whole generation of Tamil boys and girls for whom war has become the way of life. They will celebrate this peace and there is no better way to end their voluntary enrollment and involuntary conscription than to keep it (the peace) rolling. The ceasefire also offers a well-deserved respite to the millions (one would think) of Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims who have been displaced, dispossessed and even disabled by nearly two decades of fighting.
Would it be too much for all these sections of Sri Lankans to ask President Kumaratunga, Prime Minister Wickremasinghe, LTTE Leader Prabakaran, the JVP Politburo, the Muslim and Indian Tamil political leaders to desist from doing anything to undermine the current ceasfire agreement. The last few years have seen concerted attempts in different parts of the world to get out of prolonged conflict situations. In Northern Ireland, the emphasis has been on interim arrangements; in the Middle East, the Oslo Accord envisaged multiple stages with deadlines for each stage, while the Clinton and the recent Saudi proposals have focussed on the final status. Politically, Sri Lanka is not ready for identifying a staged path, an interim arrangement, a final status proposition, or a constitutional solution. Sri Lankans deserve a commitment from their politicians of consequence to remain committed to tackling the long list of unresolved matters incrementally, one by one, and as work-in-progress', while
avoiding the compulsi stitutional gyrations C
Error in protocol
The controversy Kumaratunga was con ration of the ceasefire public criticism of the ment show how frag The fact that she was is an error in protoco have gone public wit the agreement, thereb. to the ever present h Court for a ruling on ity of the agreement petition will be dism dain it deserves.
The President's ceasefire agreement a tifogging unworthy { political import, and h country's sovereignty mised is no more triumphalism. The re is plain mischief. T ment, if it lasts, will Holy Shrines, the Cen Centre and the Nati than they were ever land’s legal soverei Lankans can, once ag lives without the fea the north or suicide-b The President's con worthy of the mel Lankans, includin Kumaratunga, who lives in supporting Lanka agreement th; for its alleged infring sovereignty. The rol Head of the Monito ited to the interprete agreement and nothi unusual in conflict r sion of a deadline talks is not a bad thi in other situations w deadlines has led to and precipitous fail get that the agreem
 
 

15 MARCH 2002
e but fruitless con
the past.
ver how President sulted in the prepaagreement and her terms of the agreele the situation is. not properly briefed l, but she need not h her criticisms of 7 giving the excuse otheads to rush to the constitutionalHopefully, their issed with the dis
criticisms of the mount to legal petof the agreement's er assertion that the has been comprothan mendicant ference to Kashmir he ceasefire agreebrotect the country's tral Bank, the Trade onal Airport more protected by the isgnty. Ordinary Sri in, get on with their r of being raped in ombed in the south. ments are also unhory of many Sri the late Vijaya ven laid down their he earlier Indo-Sri t too was criticised ment of the island’s of the Norwegian ing Mission is limion of the ceasefire g more. This is not solutions. The omisor beginning direct g, given experiences ere the fixation with half-baked solutions es. Let us not fornt can be amended
by mutual consent and can be ended unilaterally with a two weeks notice.
Contrasting styles
When Ranil Wickremasinghe first mooted the idea of interim administration for the northeast provinces' in November 1999, a perceptive Sri Lankan saw a great deal more between the lines in Wickremasinghe’s proposition than some of his sluggish friends including this writer. After the ceasefire agreement, our friend reminded us of his private prophesy and the old wisdom that a one-eyed rascal is king in the land of the blind. It is a moot point whether the connection between the 1999 kite-flying and the 2002 agreement is a simple straight line or involved a more tortuous path of uncertain outcomes. What is clear, however, is that from 1999, if not earlier, Ranil Wickremainghe and Chandrika Kumaratunga have faced the same opportunities and choices, but Kumratunga "dropped the ball while her nemesis has held on to it for dear life. Their separate political paths and contrasting political styles offer some clues about the possibility of their political cohabitation.
Wickreamsinghe began his political career as a timid young man, walking between his parents for his first swearing in as a junior minister in 1977. His political strength is his long apprenticeship during which he mastered the ropes and learnt the art of surviving by working with others. Having been an insider in the UNP's war administration against the JVP and the LTTE, and having seen the war devour everyone around him without any compensating benefit, Mr. Wickremasinghe appears to have become a genuine war-phobe without ever being idealistic about peace. Equally, he has shown no enthusiasm for the constitutional approach, perhaps tired of all the years of constitutionalism under J.R. Jayewardene.
In contrast, Mrs. Kumaratunga who is occasionally charismatic, selectively charming, frequently combative, chronically unpunctual and never lacking in hubris, took the shortest road to absolute power in Sri Lankan politics. She rode the wave of an idealistic yearning for peace, but eventually led herself to be advised by her cousin-Colonel that She could do better than the UNP - defeat the LTTE militarily and bring in a new constitution. She put all her political eggs in the Constitutional basket and dropped the container in the end, while her military efforts went one from setback to another including allegations of corruption by many of her officials.

Page 23
15 MARCH 2002
Reading the signals
In fairness to Chandrika Kumaratunga, her dealings with the LTTE were circumscribed by the chameleon politics of the non-LTTE Tamil groups and busybodies, who abandoned the UNP for the winning PA in 1994, created the appearance of Tamil support for the PA government, and undermined effective contacts between the LTTE and the PA government. Kumaratunga totally misread the seasonal disenchantment of the Tamils with the LTTE as a sign of their solid support for her government. She also failed to discern a similar ambivalence on the part of foreign governments and international agencies, which clearly loathe the LTTE for its terrorism but acknowledge it as the principal Tamil representative of consequence.
Ranil Wickremasinghe read the international signals well, more so because international opinion is all that matters to his main constituency, the Sri Lankan business class. But Mr. Wickremasinghe's strength can quickly become his Achilles Heel, as it became evident during his first statement in Parliament on the peace process, when he referred to international opinion' more than a dozen times. The PA critics caught his slip but could not make a storm out of it. It is not the slip in Parliament that should concern Wickremasinghe and his advisers, but his well known inability to mediate between the business class and international opinion, on the one hand, and the rural Sinhalese on the other. Neither can Chandrika Kumaratunga, who faces the opposite dilemma: she can easily connect with the rural Sinhalese but has no credibility with the business class, large sections of the Sinhalese middle class and the minorities. If the two can mediate each other, then, together, they can mediate between Sri Lanka’s different Social, ethnic, political and economic categories.
Need for mutual mediation
Curious as it may seem, the Presidential and Prime-ministerial roles are more conducive to mutual mediation than it would have been possible in the old Parliamentary system which, given Sri Lanka's combative political culture, counterposed the Prime Minister and his opposition counterpart, the Leader of the Opposition, as irreconcilable adversaries. In a parliamentary system, the Leader of the Opposition is only a shadow Prime Minister, or PM in waiting, and has no functional role in governance. In Sri Lanka's present system, with the President and Prime Minister belonging to oppos
ing parties, the two together to keep the ment turning. The al termand each other, to a grinding halt, a on to the streets, as be congenial to eithe body else. As well, i to be intransigent ar or she will lose all outside world and, face the wrath of a Regardless of what t stitution says or does no alternative but to Given their rela the onus would appe kremasinghe to bend keep the President i ing loop, particularly to the peace process. seems understandabl every Cabinet mee quondam followers her, the Prime Minis tiate as a practice, if Presidents and Prim ing to different poli pre or post-cabinet President. He could : tual agreement, an in visors to offer advic 'sober second thoug and the Prime Minist such a council, we the President relyin Lakshman Kadirga Member of Parliam work of her cabin free to obtain inform one, but without a fo consultation betwee the Prime Minister, stop working at cro:
Impeachment, a cos More important, should rein in his at dal-mongers who are to impeach the Presi noia that the Preside liament at the end c elections, and thro power, will become phesy if the Presid threatened with im any commentator ha the constitutional p solution within the fi tion originated in th where it was solely 1960 experience Goonetilleke, the the capriciously inflict

are forced to work wheels of governternative is to counpring the government und draw the people cenario that will not r of them or to anyf one of them is seen ld uncooperative, he credibility with the worse, will have to long annoyed public. ne Jayewardene Connot say, the two have
cohabit. tive circumstances, ar to be on Mr. Wicover backwards and n the decision makon matters relating Since the President y reluctant to attend ting and suffer her who walked out on ter may have to ininot a convention for le Ministers belongtical parties, regular meetings with the also institute, by muformal council of ad'e and the benefit of ht' to the President ter. In the absence of have the anomaly of ng on the advice of mar, an Opposition ent, to criticise the et. The President is nal advice from anyrmal arrangement for in the President and the two will never
SS-purposes.
tly distraction
the Prime Minister tack dogs and scanstraining at the leash dent. The idle para:nt will dissolve Parf one year after the w the UNP out of a self-fulfilling prolent is isolated and peachment. Hardly is noted the fact that "ovision against disrst year after an elece 1972 Constitution, intended to avoid the when Sir Oliver in Governor General, ed on the country a
AES 23
second election in July 1960 after the UNP government elected in March had been defeated in Parliament on its first Throne Speech. The criticism against Sir Oliver was that he should have invited the SLFP-led Opposition to form an alternative government without favouring the defeated Prime Minister, Dudley Senanayake, by acceding his request to dissolve Parliament. The restrictive provision in the present constitution served its purpose by preventing President Kumaratunga from dissolving Parliament when her government lost its majority in Parliament, in 2001, within one year of its election. However, she contravened the spirit of the provision when she prorogued Parliament without giving the main opposition Party, the UNP, an opportunity to form an alternative govern
ment.
In the current situation, it would be a perverse abuse of Presidential powers to dismiss the UNF government while it has a majority in Parliament and force an election before the end of its full elected term of six years.
Conversely, it would be a travesty to move to impeach the President without letting her complete term. In fact, both the President and the Prime Minister should be allowed to complete their elected terms. The argument that the President should be impeached in order to protect the peace process is a ludicrous argument. The circus of impeachment will be a costly distraction to the peace process; it will provide a rallying point for all those who want the process to fail and potentially alienate nearly a half of the Sinhalese population. In or out of office, she will be seen as the victim of impeachment and will emerge politically stronger than what she is now. On the other hand, if Kumaratunga stays in office and creates roadblocks to the peace process, she will be exposed for what she is and will be finished politically.
President Kumaratunga is still capable of discharging her enormous responsibility to redefine the Presidency in the changing political circumstances and play a pivotal role in facilitating the participation of her SLFP constituency and the JVP in the peace process. She can either succumb to her smaller instincts and spoil the show, or summon even flashes of her husband's courage in more difficult days and draw inspiration from her father's idealism - that was posthumously frustrated by her mother, to act responsibly and leave behind a positive political legacy. But she also needs all the help she can have from her Prime Minister. O

Page 24
24 TAM TIMES
The Ethnic Issue, M
and the Peace Pro
S.M.M. Bazeer
Attorney-at-Law
H:o endured the agonising time of ivil war, peace is now desperately
sought after by all the peace loving Sri Lankans. In the period of ethnic crisis we have had alternating war and peace. We have seen several models from Pondicherito the Basque claim, being occasionally suggested, at the expense of thousands of lives and the tangible loss of millions of Rupees. In pursuit of peace, however, the politicians may have a hidden agenda. The people seem to have subscribed to the optimistic view, well above their party politics. The government and the LTTE are very much concerned about the installation of civilian administration with a reasonable return to normality. Until recently, there was no indication of whether the peace initiative would be based upon any identifiable principles.
However, it has emerged that the LTTE would like the Canadian Federal System (Quebec) to be used as a possible guide for an agreement in the North East Sri Lanka. In a climate where the entire nation has to bear the burnt of the civil war, it is incumbent on every Sri Lankan to express his solidarity with those who aspire for peace.
Peace process and Muslims
Any solution to the ethnic problem should be a permanent one and ought to satisfy the legitimate right of the Tamils and Muslims. As for Muslims any peace process should accommodate their aspirations in the North East provinces on the basis of social justice. Ignoring the Muslims resolute and distinctive identity in any peace process will escalate to unpalatable scenarios.
In the backdrop of peace initiatives in Sri Lanka led by the Norwegian Government it is indispensable for the Tamils and Muslims living in the North and East to arrive at some consensus in order to marginalize the regressive forces, which have always been a stumbling block to peace. The time has now come for the Tamils to realize that the Muslim ethnicity is also a reality in the resolution of ethnic crisis. Being victims of war for over a
decade, Muslims are ing war like rest of fortunately Muslims and East tend to real lems are unique by b of the Tamil traditic distinctive identity o
Tamil -Muslim poli
The Tamils who mination, without furt agree that there is a North and East which dependant politically, turally although simu terdependent econom and geographically. It that the Tamil politic themselves from the claiming that there is solely deals with the never attempted to i who could jointly s! Tamil Muslim territo litical stability. This the 1990a2-S rift betw Tamils No Tamil p. cerely stepped up at Muslims in line witl solution for the Nort! communities. Nordi look at the Muslim Thimpu principles. F parties or groups fre Muslims are a kind O which should be a delegation of power arrangements withir provinces without partition of the adm posal of harmony v between the two co North and East Pro' what was envisag yagam who even S Muslims in the No. what lacked in eve was the recognitio
The LTTE and
The independ living in the Nort
 

15 MARCH 2002
"eary of the ongoe population. Unving in the North ze that their probing territorial part all homeland with their own.
cal reality laim for self deterærhesitation, should suslim factor in the by all means, selfreligiously and cultaneously being inically, linguistically has been unfortunate ians have distanced Muslims by simply a Muslim party to Muslim affairs and nclude the Muslims and for the overall ial integrity and powas especially since teen the Muslims and irties or groups siny effort to bring the a common political East Tamil speaking Tamil parties dare to ssues in the light of owever some of those uently claim that the cultural ethnic group, ocated a reasonable laring by institutional he merged North East eking any territorial nistration. It is a proh mutual recognition munities living in the nces. This is less than by S.J.V. Chelvanaported autonomy for East. In spite of this, proposal and accord fMuslim nationality.
e Muslims view of the Muslims nd east on ethnic is
sues has now been delegated not only to the SLMC but also to other national parties, as there have been significant castings of votes for the national parties. As the LTTE is the major party to Peace it is time for the LTTE to clarify their stance about the Muslims who form substantial claim to the territory and administration and are prepared for reconciliation inorder to achieve a durable solution to the ethnic crisis. It was devastating to learn that the Muslims were subjected to ill treatment by the LTTE after they had signed a historical Pact with the Muslim delegation in Chennai in April 1988.
Revisiting the (Muslim-Tamil ) Accord 1988
It would be prudent to look back and evaluate the essence of the pact and review it in the light of the political development that has taken place in Sri Lanka since it was signed. Despite being an agreement between the LTTE and the then MULF it was an agreement of foresight but unfortunately it lacked commitment. The significant changes are now that the LTTE has started to address Muslims as * Muslims" in ethnic or political sense and have acted cautiously in its efforts to reconcile with Muslims. It is again for the LTTE to come to terms with the fact that the Muslims are an integral part of the territorial Tamil traditional Homeland.
I wish to highlight some aspects of the agreement that was a milestone so far as the LTTE and Muslims were concerned. O It is understood that although the Muslim people living in Sri Lanka speak the Tamil language, they are a distinct ethnic group falling within the totality of Tamil nationality. O The Muslim people recognize that the area composed of the Northern and Eastern provinces are as much their traditional homeland as it is of the rest of Tamilspeaking people. o The Muslim people believe that their interests could be safeguarded only in their homeland, and this could be achieved only through a greater unity between all Tamil-speaking people. o Since the Muslim people constitute a minority in their homeland, and hence it is important that they should be assured of a life free from fear and insecurity, the LTTE will take all steps to ensure this and extend all co-operations in the future to have the security of the Muslim people guaranteed by law. OWhatever steps taken to safeguard the interests of the Muslim people and the

Page 25
15 ARCH 2002
arriving at a reasonable power sharing agreement will be done in such a way as not to undermine the territorial integrity of the Tamil homeland o While the Muslim people form 33% of the population in the Eastern province and will comprise 18% in the combined Northern and Eastern provinces, it is agreed that in order to ensure maximum safeguard for them and enable them to enjoy an equitable power-sharing, they will be entitled to not less than 30% of the representation in the provincial council and the cabinet. O It is agreed that in all future land distribution, the Muslim people will be entitled to not less than 35% in the Eastern province, not less than 30% in the Manner district and not less than 5% in other
aaS. O. Unless otherwise a Muslim has been appointed chief Minister of the Northern and Eastern provincial council, legal provision should be made to ensure that a Muslim is appointed as the deputy chief Minister of said council. O A de colonization policy should be evolved in order to redress the adverse effect caused by planned government
colonization. O. It was agreed that the sufferings of the cent civilians who at truly affected by ther to enable them to retu ful life.
Some of the impl from this agreement the North eastern Pro that their future wellfying themselves wi speaking people in tl and not look for succC are no longer prepare lim leaders in the sol recognize in the LT sentative character, a decided to support th ditional Homeland. Muslim Tamil Unit A Way Forward
AS the LTTE is til the peace process it is LTTE has to acknowl the light of the LTTE (1988) so as to encou the regions to express the Tamil people in t
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n order to alleviate vast mass of innoe the ones who are nilitary actions, and rn to normal, peace
ications that follow are: the Muslims in vinces have decided being lies in identih the other Tamil1ese two provinces, ur outside; that they d to be led by Musuth-west; that they TE its Tamil reprebove all, they have e concept of the tra
y
he cardinal party to anticipated that the edge its position in -MUSLIM Accord rage the Muslims of their solidarity with he prospective Nor
TAM TIMES 25
way led peace initiative, thus obviating any interference by the parties with vested interests.
We, Muslims need now to emphasise the development of facts that affected the Muslim Tamil relationship in the North East since the so called Tamil- Muslim Accord and redefine our place in any future agreement with the LTTE which has to play a greater role in the overall peace process. Given the past experiences, it would be more effective if the LTTE and the Muslims would make common proposals without Muslims legitimate claim to nationality being subordinated to ageneralised Tamil speaking category. The joint proposals should incorporate the aspirations of Muslims as they stand as an individual nationality. In that process, the views ofthe non-political Muslim organizations and religious institutions representing Muslims of the North and East should also be consulted with, if lasting peace is to be attained. At this point in time, it is worth recalling what Martin Luther King once said about peace: "True Peace is not merely the absence of tension, but it is the presence of justice and brotherhood.” O
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Page 26
26 TAMILTIMES
The Myth of Ra Temple has Beco
Licence to Kill in
Peter Popham
05 March 2002 - India is a big country, and it is usually big-hearted enough not to betray signs of being bothered by what we Delhi-based foreign correspondents write. So it was a rare event when, nearly a year ago, I was politely summoned to the office of Raminder Singh Jassal, then Chief Secretary for External Publicity in the Ministry of External Affairs, and given a sound ticking off.
The main complaint was that I had written at some length about Hindu-Muslim clashes that had broken out in several towns and cities across India following the Taliban's demolition of the Bamiyan Buddhas.
The Indian officials didn't question the veracity of my report, but they made it plain that they regarded it as "unfriendly" of me to have written on the topic of communal disturbances at all. "Relations between majority and minority communities have been far better under this government than they were before,' Mr Jassal told me. "So when there is some little incident, why focus on it?" I expect no such call from the ministry this week. The deaths of at least 450, and probably more than 1,000, Gujaratis, nearly all Muslims, in four days of communal bestiality have exploded for ever the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP) claim to have presided over an era of communal peace.
And now, riding the crest of that particular wave, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP, or “World Hindu Council"), an extremist group within the same Hindu nationalist family as the BJP, is pressing ahead with its plans to begin construction of the long dreamed-oftemple to the god Ram in Ayodhya, on the ruins of the mosque torn down by a mob of the same people in December 1992. These two events, the Gujarat bloodbath and the Ayodhya temple, are intimately connected. Taken together they throw into urgent focus the question: what sort of people are ruling the world's biggest democracy today? Where are they headed? The first man on earth was an Indian, and a Hindu. Hinduism was the primeval
religion, not just ofIr There was no Arya no enslavement Dravidians. Hindus one. Other people arr but eventually they Bharat Mata, Moth knitted into the Hin Muslims (and to a les tians) stood out. Thi and erected mosques sword and fire they t dus from the breast brought them forcibl the duty of patriotic that historic wrong.
That, reduced to is the Hindu national to explain why the most powerful politi impoverished count perate problems, sho tion of a temple in a Uttar Pradesh. Ayo thology, is "Ramjana place of Ram, an av Muslim invader Bal myth) tore down th stood here and bui mosque, demolished "Hindu Rashtra', th cannot come into bé is rebuilt.
The men who ha for nearly four years Minister, Atal Beha powerful second Krishna Advani, th true believersin thi. ety of neo-fascism. has gradually lost S nuclear tests cond immediately after gave due warning ness. But the need and disparate coa Ayodhya off the g Mr Vajpayee's be government to dev with the US. Last came a front-line a terrorism.
 
 
 
 

15 MARCH 2002
dia but of the world. invasion of India, )f the southern vere here from day ved on these shores, bent the knee to r India, and were lu fabric. Only the ser extent the Chrisy smashed temples on the rubble, with dre millions of HinfMother India and y over to Islam. It is Hindus to reverse
its crude essentials, st creed, and it helps primary goal of the cal party in this vast, ry, with all its desuld be the construcsqualid little town in dhya, goes the mymbhoomi', the birth atar of Vishnu. The pur (and this, too, is e great temple that It the Babri Masjid by the mob in 1992. e true Hindu nation, ing until the temple
ve been ruling India including the Prime ri Vajpayee, and his .in-command Lal Home Minister, are , India's exotic vari3ut the world at large ght of that fact. The Icted in May 1998, hey came to power, hat they meant busio keep a squabbling ition intact forced vernment's agenda. ame the first Indian lop cordial relations eptember, India bely in the war against
But while India's stature grew abroad, at home Mr Vajpayee was often described by critics on the left as the "mask" of the BJP, the acceptable face of a neofascist movement that was only biding its time.
Mr Vajpayee, increasingly doddery at the age of 78, remains in place; but in the past week the party's mask has been ripped away. The war on terrorism and India's long military stand-off with Pakistan, which continues undiminished, have given a new licence to the Hindu nationalists. Muslim equals terrorist, they tell each other: we have it on American authority; we have 140 million terrorists in our midst. At the same time, recent BJP losses in state elections both in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh have given the hardliners a new urgency and and a new determination. Strike, they have been told, while the BJP still holds power. Strike to maintain and increase that power. Now is the moment for dramatic, decisive action.
Mr Vajpayee has fostered the illusion of being a truly national leader, but in Gujarat there is no such pretence: the BJP state government is starkly partisan. Af. ter the killing of 58 Hindus in a train last Wednesday, the event that ignited the violence, Gujarat's Chief Minister, Narendra Modi, quickly announced compensation of 200,000 rupees, about E3,000, to the bereaved families. Hundreds of Muslims have died since, but there is no word of compensation for them. Mr Modi endorsed the VHP's call for a strike last Friday, his official nod to the ensuing bloodbath. The police have stood idly by while the mob did its work; sometimes, victims allege, they actively led the violence.
The BJP rose to power, as fascists do, through violence and the threat of more: the Ayodhya demolition signalled its rapid rise from obscurity, the vision of a state where Hindus rule supreme continues to excite its ideologues. In this amazing but horrifyingly immature democracy, muscle power - and that includes the mass burning alive of women and children - can yield political power. The liberal, English-language papers here have tut-tutted in a worried way, but encouraging communal carnage has done Mr Modi’s government no harm at all. With the parliamentary opposition still weak and divided, India has set off down a nightmare road.
(Courtesy of “The Independent”)

Page 27
15 MARCH 2002
TAMIL, NADU
Jayalalithaa's Vi
T.S. S ubramanian
n March 2, Jayalalithaa will be O sworn in Tamil Nadu Chief Minister by Governor P.S. Rama Mohan Rao at the Madras University centenary auditorium in Chennai. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) general secretary registered a convincing victory over her Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) rival Vaigai S. Sekar in the byelection to the Andipatti constituency in Theni district. Chief Minister O. Panneerselvam, who held the fort for her for five months, will now be "an ordinary volunteer of the party' again.
Unlike in May 2001, when she was in a hurry to take over as Chief Minister despite being disqualified from contesting elections, she was prepared this time to wait for an auspicious day to be sworn in. A few hours after she was delcared elected on February 24, AIADMK Members of the Legislative Assembly met at the party headquarters in Chennai and passed a resolution electing Jayalalithaa Legislature Party leader, Panneerselvam drove to the Raj Bhavan to submit to the Governor his resignation and a copy of the resolution. Again, unlike last May, Jayalalithaa did not attend the Legislature Party meeting this time, which was seen as a sign of her confidence that everything was under control. The Legislature Party resolution last May said: "This meeting categorically decides that it will not accept anybody or even consider anybody other than the party general secretary as the Leader of the Legislature Party." (Jayalalithaa had to step down in September after the Supreme Court struck down her appointment as Chief Minister by Governor M. Fathima Beevi because she had been disqualified from contesting elections. She attracted the disqualification after a Special Judge sentenced her to three years' and two years' rigorous imprisonment in two corruption cases in October 2000. The Madras High Court acquitted her
in these two case 2001.)
Jayalalithaadeí her nearest rival, by gin of 41,201 votes to her hectic five-d vast constituency, a that she made to the special treatment th received in terms of Jayalalithaa pointet despite the fact that last Assembly elec Tamil Maanila Co ress(I), the Commu (Marxist) and the C India, hadwalked ou led alliance and dec pate in the byelectic The DMK put u ance, thanks to the u tion by the rank an tive one-day campa dent and former C Karunanidhi. His S. and M.K. Stalin (C aside their sibling riv a joint campaign.
The Marumalar etra Kazhagam (ML per again. Despite hi by the party, led by Vaiko, its candidat received only 8,421 Out of 1,34,734 lalithaa received 78 Sekar 37,236; Jayac Dr. K. Krishnasam hagam) 5,126. The gether polled 5,514 Jayalalithaaʼs v 54th birthday. “It i gift that I have receiv and declared that sht promises that sl Andipatti's voters. “Andipatti the No. 1 State, and Tamil N in India.'
Karunanidhi's 1

on December 4,
cated Vaigai Sekar, an impressive marwhich is attributed ly campaign in the string of promises electorate, and the at the constituency development work. out that she won all her allies in the tions, such as the ngress, the Congnist Party of India ommunist Party of ut of the AIADMKided not to partici).
p a good performnited rearguard aci file and an effecign by party presihief Minister M. ons M.K. Azhagiri nennai Mayor) put alry and conducted
hi Dravida MunnMK) came a crop:ctic electioneering general secretary ; V. Jayachandran VoteS. valid votes, Jaya437 votes; Vaigai landran 8,421; and r (Puthiya Tamizindependents tovotes. tory came on her the best birthday ld so far,' she said, would fulfil all the 2 had made to he vowed to make :onstituency in the du the No. 1 State
action to the vic
TAMITES 27
tory was tongue-in-cheek. He said, "I convey my good wishes to the winner on her birthday.” He criticised the Election Commission for its "apathy and contradictory stances' regarding the DMK's complaints. The DMK, he said, would go to court against the “activities' of the Election Commission in Andipatti. Karunanidhi argued that the DMK's allegation that the AIADMK had enrolled 17,000 bogus voters in the constituency had been proved right by the fact that the AIADMK, which polled about 60,000 votes in the last Assembly election, had polled 78,000 now. The DMK president was unhappy with the Election Commission's decision to allow pecple carrying nativity certificates issued by Village Administrative Officers (VAO) to vote. The Commission had listed 16 documents as valid proof of the voters' identity, besides the photo identity card. But on February 19 it added the nativity certificate to the list. Karunanidhi said: “VAOs, in a prearranged move, sat near the polling booths and dispensed nativity certificates to bogus voters... This is an injustice (done to us).” Another document in the list was the post-office savings passbook. According to Karunanidhi, many savings accounts were recently opened in post offices in Andipatti.
Karunanidhi said: "We did not stay away from the democratic process. DMK cadres were up against money power, the misuse of official machinery and the Election Commission's prejudice.” The more than 35,000 votes the DMK had secured, he said, were a morale-booster for partymen.
Vaiko alleged that the AIADMK had won by misusing the official machinery.
For the AIADMK, Jayalalithaa's victory was a foregone conclusion. Several days before the result was out, the Madras University centenary auditorium was reportedly spruced up for her swearing-in ceremony. However, Education Minister M. Thambidurai denied reports about this and said that the auditorium was undergoing "usual” maintenance works. A day before the counting, posters appeared all over Chennai with the message: "You (Jayalalithaa) are entering age 54. You are going to wear the crown just as people desired you to.”
As counting progressed and the

Page 28
8 TAMITMES
trend became clear, AIADMK workers burst firecrackers continuously before her residence in Poes Garden, Chennai. Ministers and party cadre made a beeline to her residence. They queued up and some of them prostrated before her in the portico.
During the campaign, Jayalalithaa made several promises: a new arts college in Andipatti, a medical college in Theni district; desilting of the Adhikari canal; construction of a reservoir at Theppampatti for which, she said, Rs. 1.20 crores had been allotted; redress of the grievances of weavers; and so on. She evoked memories of the charismatic M. G. Ramachandran, or MGR, AIADMK founder and former Chief Minister, who was elected from Andipati in 1984. Shekepttelling people that she was unnga veetu pillai (the title of a Tamil film starring MGR, meaning "a child in your family). Karunanidhi countered this campaign by saying that Vaigai Sekar was the “real child of your family and the son of the soil'. Karunanidhi asked, "Why should an election be held from Andipatti when she could have contested from Saidapet or Vaniyambadi'?” (While Thanga Tamilselvan, AIADMK legislator from Andipatti, resigned his seat to enable Jayalalithaa to contest from there, the Saidapet and Vaniymabadi seats fell vacant following the death of the MLAs representing them). The message from Andipatti is : MGR's charisma still works in the constituency, 14 years after his death, people voted for Jayalalithaa on the expectation that Andipatti would enjoy benefits on account of being the "Chief Minister's constituency"; the non-participation of the TMC, the Congress(I), the CPI(M), the CPI and the Dalit Panthers did not materially alter any candidate's chances; and there is an underlyingangst among the voters that they had unfairly punished the DMK in the last Assembly elections despite the development work that the Karunanidhi government had done from 1996 to 200l.
(FRONTLINE 4.3.2002)
B edtime beckons sle ons the unreal. H sleep the physica confused with myth plethora of mental conf all comes something of conscious sense that is us all sane when wear distinct state from what i-time' - a unique refug cricket that bears no r consciously perceived is a place of opinions, interpretations of things ery. It is a place in the Indian spinner Bishen
“Bediotime is the i worn out shoes. It exis familiar the similar and where what can be term admired and old ways: authored hailed and ma Bedi an archetypal adı A charming be-turban definitive spinner of a classic old way.
Classicist or not, done it now old boy. Y your reputation forgo to the old drains of Chennai now, and ea that age related menta be knocking on the ol called one of the worl a “chucker”.
Some opinions th che like liberal dollop age fall into fragmenta a stink that lingers awh But the smell tends to and your opinion of th Muralitharan’s actio candle of verbal excre you now from head to
EMERGENCY TRAVE
 
 

15 MARCH 2002
ing Of Murali
"Bedi-time
Nigel Kerner
pandsleepbeckre in this state of ly apparent gets nd symbol in a ision and out of it catalogue of subsupposed to keep : awake. This is a is known as "Bede for thoughts on lation to what is in wakefulness. It ideas and strange wooden and leathhead of the great Bedi. deal place for old ts to maintain the the same. A place ned the “classic” is are cherished. It is intained by Bishen mirer of old ways. 2d gentleman. The cricket ball in the
Bishen, you have ou have consigned bd cricket thinking Calcutta, or is it ned the suspicion
retardation might turban. You have l's great bowlers -
inder into the psyof untreated sewon pits. They leave le and isthengone. tick in some cases Sri Lankan bowler will be a Roman ment that will cover toot and keep com
ing back to haunt you, no matter how many showers you are caught in.
Of course you are entitled to your/ opinion and no one questions your right to voice it, but I have a suspicion that you are too cricket intelligent to really believe what you said about the bowling action of the Sri Lankan mage. Cleared by all the experts in the world, that matter, as an unusual action based on a bone fide physical impediment, and not one that “throws' or "chucks' in terms of both the definitions and spirit of the laws of cricket. Your view will of course be consigned to within a Hair's breath of where a stump enters the ground.
You are an interesting old Teddy - Bishan Bedi - but if you go down to the woods today - you are sure of a big surprise....and a big burly quirky one at that. Don't go down any rabbit holes, because apart from Alice and the Cheshire cat who no doubt will give you a great wide sarcastic grin, you will have to dine with Ross Emerson wearing a hat. If you eat anything he does, you will shrink so small you might never grow up to be a grown up and be taken seriously ever again. In fact you will always have your head beneath the ground.
I suspect that you have the cricket sense of a classicist. Classicists like scientists are not folk in any time. They are not ahead of time or behind it. They just stand still and hate change or innovation. They are not testaments to imagination or truth either and end up tunnelling in straight lines like Mr Mole in Wind in the Willows going nowhere and being pointed the wrong way. They live in the tunnel vision of their own short-sightedness. So it has proved to be with scientists too. The self proclaimed purveyors of truth. Yet with ultimate irony, almost all the corner
ONLY)))) sRLANKA
676 360
-SOUTH INDIA
-SINGAPORE

Page 29
15 ARCH 2002
stone truths of science have in the end proved to be wrong.
Copernicus putthesun into the darkness ofman’s vanity when man tried to be the centre of the universe; Einstein did not like Newton's 'clockwork' 'same old boring bowling action' Universe and proved there were no clocks and Newton wrong with his theory of Relativity. Heisenberg and others in turn set Einstein adrift in waves of doubt and uncertainty. And of course most important of all Kerry Packer the arch anti-conventionalist, pulled a cracker and tumbled in the one day game to rescue cricket as an international game, to have it loved all over the world as a paying spectator sport. I guess if you restrict your view in any way, or don't allow for change, you tend to end up wrong. Look out Darwin.
A little island at the foot of your great and beautiful nation, with a population one thousand times less than the numbers you have to trawl cricketers from, has taken your guys (our brothers) on, and more often than not recently, given you the thrashing of your lives. Sri Lankan cricketers stand head and shoulders above the Indians in every department, in both the one-day and Test game. Would you not be better served asking why such a thing is so, and finding answers as to why a nation with one of the strongest and most exciting batting line-ups, on paper at least, in the world, cannot find an effective
bowling attack from over a billion cricket they be gelled togeth selves and fight with Dav Whatmore has 1 Lankans to do with th Bishendear Bis see this as your miss once set the task and answer. Perhaps India sons too much and m Perhaps they are just the modern game. quirky enough opinic ion on Murali’s actio
Incidentally, if the indict could throw a you define a javelin is ofthe procedurewille alty would be the gre the batsman at whom I remember Sir N abunch ofmy school ago, that the rule prev chucking ofa crickett ceived to prevent fas their prey. It was sim ing Speed. To even coi a chucker is preposte, an utterly convincing a cal dynamics involved ball at slow pace se bowler in getting turn
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fund of the labours of had people. Why can't r to believe in themand for each other, as anaged to get the Sri e help of his captain. en. How I wishen you on.' I know you were ure still looking for the h mothers cherish their ke them all milk sops. not tough enough for here now. There's a n to match your opin! See, silly isn't it! Sri Lankan bowler you ricket ball, in the way thrown, the dynamics sure that the only casuat bowler himself, not he is bowling. *ville Cardussayingto riends, nearly 50 years enting the throwing or all was originally conbowlers from killing ply a means of restrictsider any slow bowler rous anyway. There is rgument that the physiin chucking a cricket verely handicaps the and varying bounce on
TAMITMES 29
the pitch.
Muralitharan is not just his action-thoroughly vindicated though it is by the experts, including the ICC. He stands for character, determination and stainless steel strength when the chips are down. Qualities that, with respect, India could dowith to make the dif. ference between winning and losing. Particularly losing, as they so often do these days.
Your carping over Muralitharan's action will sound like 'sour grapes' to a great many cricket fans around the world. It will tend to - make you a smaller man than you really are. We know and love you on this island of Sri Lanka for the mighty cricketing force you once were. You knew about guts! Wherever the taste of the wine from these sour grapes issipped, no fair, perceptive cricket fan who drinks a drop of that wine can deny that this young man from Sri Lanka is 'wine' of the finest vintage and one of the greatest exponents of the art of bowling, (at whatever pace) the world has ever seen. As long as I have sons who love the game and can take me into the future with them, they will be able to say that they were privileged to see the great Muralitharan bowl. You ain't seen nothin yet Bishen. Take out the pebble glasses and open that big heart of yours and just watch!
I'll be in the crowd looking for a smile on your face to match the sight of that spectacular blue turban and fabulous beard. O
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OBITUARIES
Kathiraveloo Ponnampalam,
from Chundikuli, Jaffha; Retired O.A., Paranthan Chemical Corp.; beloved
husband of Jeyathilakam (Pappa); loving father of Shyamala, Nirmala (both of UK), Brindhaban (Ben), K an a g a sun d r a m (Kumari/Ken) and Manoharan (Mano) (all of New Jersey, USA); father-in-law of Dubsy Kanagaratnam, R. Ratneswaran (both of UK), Thevaki and Donna (both of USA); grandfather of Arani, Anuja (UK), Harm, Brandon (USA), brother of late Kanagasundram (Ward Place), late Nadarajah (both of Colombo), late K.S. Nathan (UK), late Mrs. S.S. Pillai, late Mr. K. Somasundram, K.Aria-ratnam (all of Malaysia) and Mrs Siva Sithambaranathan (Lawyer, Tellipallai) expired in New Jersey, USA.
The funeral rites were performed on 11th February 2002 in the presence of a large gathering of relatives and friends and the Cremation took place at 2 p.m. New Jersey.
Beloved wife, children and family members sincerely
E-mail: admin Otamilitimes.org
thank all relatives and friends
who attended the funeral service, sent floral tributes and messages of Condolence and who had helped in numerous ways at the time of their
bereavement. They regret their inability to thank them individually - Mrs Jeyam Ponnampalan, 9 Cornel
Drive, East Brunswick, NJ O8816, USA. Tel: 732 390 9144 (USA) and Shyamala, 19 Huxley Place, Palmers Green, LOCOr Nl 1355U. Tel 208 886 5966 (UK)
Kanagalingam;
Suppaiah Retired Chief Engineer, Ceylon Theatres; beloved
husband of Pavalam; precious and loving father of Jayanthi, Lingabala, Skanthabalan, Shanmugabalan, Kuhabalan, Suganthi and Amirthi, elder brother of Tharmalingam; much loved father-in-law of Balendra, Dr. Sivanesan, Yogeswaran, Vasuki, llamathi, Vasanthakumari and of late Aggie, dearest brother-in-law of R.C. Rajarayan (London), R.C . Mahathevarajan (Epoh,
Malaysia), Mrs Vivekanantharajah (Canada), late Mrs Muthubalasuriyar, late R.C.
Mannavarayan and late R.C. Manmatharayan; dearest loving grandfather of Karthika, Kavitha, Archana, Vibooshana, Myuresh, Kumaresh, Sandra, Robert, Josephine, Kishanie, Nirushan, Shivanthan, Vimalan, Keerthana, Shankari and Gajan anc beloved great grandfather o. Kumaran passed away peacefully on 27tb Februar 2002 at the age of 80 years
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

15 MARCH 2002
The funeral rites were performed on 2nd March 2002 in Lichfield, Staffordshire and the cremation took place at Stafford Crematonum.
The wife, children and other family members sincerely thank all friends and relatives Who attended the funeral, sent
floral tributes and messages of Condolence and who had helped in numerous ways at their bereavennent - Mrs PKanagalingam & family, 9 Fosseway, Lichfield, StaffordShire WS14 OAD. Tel 01543 417744
"May his soul rest in peace"
IN MEMORAM
in Memoriam First Anniversary Mrs Someswary Kanagasabai
Birth 26.01.1916 Rest. 17.03.2OOf
Sadly missed and lovingly remembered by children Chandra, lindra, Logendra, Yogendra, Ambi, Gowri and Jayanthi, daughters-inlaw Sakunthala, Kamalasani, Rathy and Yoga, son-in-law Ragu. - 34 Woodcote Valley Road, Purley, Surrey CR83AJS
Tenth Death Anniversary Remembrance
Miss. Rathini Ananthamoorthy, B.Sc.(Hons) Lecturer, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. Birth 26.03.1964 Death. O5.03.1992
Ten years have drifted by since you Were taken auvay from our midst So many things have happened Since yои иvere called ашау.
Everyday in a small way Memories of you come our uay Though absent you are ever near Still missed, loved aluays.
Sadly missed and always lovingly
- remembered by Арра Ananthamoorthy, Amma Yogarani; brother Sivapalan and Sivakaran; sisters Mathini, Rajini, Sivarubini... - 835 Clemens Crescent, Mississauga, Ontario L5V 2S8, Canada. Tel: 905 814 5875
in Memoriam Pradeep Jeganathan - Fifth Anniversary iäziG56ğ O1.12.1964 - 3.03.1997
It's five long years ago today i You were so tragically taken away
There is still so much grief and pain Life has not been the same again.
Sadly missed and lovingly . . remembered by his parents Jeganathan and Shakuntala, sister
Mythili; brothers Janarthana and Sanjayan and their families.
Fifth Death Anniversary Dr. C. Perumal Pillai (16.02.1920 - 02.03.1997)
Арра Five years have gone by, since you left our midst. Your loving care and inspiration are strongly missed. In your peace we find Solace. Your ever loving children Ravi, Usha, Jeeva, Ranjit and families.

Page 31
15 MARCH2002
too.
Fifth Death Anniversary of late Mr Ponniah Pathmanathan F.C.E
EOrrገ: 25.08. 1934 Djed: 1102. 1997
Worked in Zambia. On Contract for several years and as City Engineer
Dearest husband of Balayogam 韃 (Pathma);devoted father of Mrs Arunthathy, Yohan and late Mohan.
We all miss you very badly and Sadly and you are still very fondly loved by your wife and children.
In Loving M.
Daddy Ponnampalam Kanagaratnam Born: 77.10.1908 Rest O2.O3. 1982
We speak of yo Years may pass Memories of yo, And shall live ir
Sadly missed and fondly remembered by sons Sara, Dubsy; dau Mehala, Uthistran, Arani and Anuja - 19 Huxley Place, Palmers G
Forthcoming Events
Apr 1 Easter Monday, Shasti Apr 2 Feast of St. Francis Apr 4 Feast of St. Isidore Apr 6 6.30p.m. London Tamil Centre presents "Kalachchara Maasaio. Tel 02O8904 5939 Apr 7 Feast of St. John Baptist Apr 8 Krishna Eekathasi Apr 9 Pirathosam Apr 11 Feast of St. Stanislaus Apr 12 Amavasai Apr 14 Cithirapanu Hindu New Year
Apr 15 Karthigai Apr 16 Sathurthi Apr 18 Shashti Apr 19 Feast of St. Alphega Apr 21 Feast of St Anselm Apr 23 Eekathasi Apr 24 Pirathosam Apr 25 Feast of St Mark Apr 26 Full moon Apr 29 Sankadakara Sathurthi; Feast of St. Catherine
At Bhavan Centre, 4A Castletown Road, London W149HQ. Tel: O2O73813086/ 4608. Apr 19 7.45p.m. Bharatanatyam by Alankrita from India
Apr 21 6p.m. Ram Navami celebrations; Bhajans, Puja and Prasad Apr 23 Vedantha Discourse by Mahamandaiwara Swami Veda Bharati
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TAMILTIMES 31
First Death Anniversary of late Mr. Mohan B.Sc., A.C.C.A.
Born: 29.09. 1970 Died. O7.04.2001
Passed away immediately after an accident, Greatly missed beloved son of late Mr. Ponniah Pathmanathan and Mrs Balayogam Pathmanathan; very dearly loved brother of Mrs Arunthathy and Yohan. Very much deeply and sadly missed by all of us. May your Athrina rest in peace. Very deeply loved by mother, sister and brother.
mory of our
Mummy Vemalara nee Kanagaratnam 1007. 1923 31.03.1990
I with love and pride and time may fly
u both Will never die
our hearts for ever,
ghters-in-law Lalitha and Shyamala, grandchildren Janarthan, Green, London N 135SU. Tel: 020 8886 5966.
1st year Remembrance
Born Joined the 12.06.1918 Stars
10.03.2001
Emeritus Professor Christie Jayaratnam Eliezer Order of Australia & Maamanithar of Tamil Eelam (PhD Camb., DSc Lond, F.I.R.M.A. Bar at Law, Middle Temple) Treasured by Ranee, Dhamayanthi, Bala Karalapillai, Ratna, Nesa, Anandhi, Sharmini, Renuka, Tamara, Kirk, Sumanthiran, Dharshi, Anjali, Arjunan, Tanya, Stewart, David, Shelley, Ranjan, Anthea, Yashoda, Anand, Ruben, Chandlar, Jordan, Ahila, Narendran, Freya and Beau
ʻ'uIIIröILib 20ag08gI Every Country is Our Homeland , Every Child, Man, Woman, Our Kinsfolk யாவரும் கேளிர் (Tamil Puranam, 102BC)
If I am not for myself Who am I? If I am for myself alone Who am I?
If not now, when Helier the Elder AD) Some people come into our lives and quickly go Some people move our souls to dance They awaken us to new understanding With the whisper of their wisdom. Some people make the sky more beautiful to gaze upon They stay in our lives for awhile Leave footprints on our hearts
And we are never ever the same.
(Author unknown)

Page 32
32 TAMILTIMES
Australian Newsletter
Waruna Homam - Vast areas of the state of New South Wales and even parts of Metropolitan Sydney were devastated by bush fires in late December and early January, which were the worst in decades. The Sri Venkateswara Temple in Helensburgh was also affected, but by God's grace, the Temple itself was undamaged. However the fire raged through the surrounding compound destroying countless trees. The smoke and the heat became intolerable and the priests had to be evacuated. It was a tense time for everyone associated with the Temple.
There has been no rain for a continuous period of 18 days, with high temperatures. The previous record had been 22 days without rain in the summer of 1930. Some people suggested that a Varuna Homam should be done to appeal to Varuna for rain. It was performed on Sunday, January 6th 2002 at the Sri Venkateswara Temple in the presence if a large number of devotees. That night, after 19 days the heavens opened and the rain continued for two or three days. The Weather Bureau was completely taken aback and the Head of the Rural Fire Service said that the rain had saved thousands of acres of vegetation. The miracle wrought by Lord Venkateswara was the subject of Talkback Radio, Sydney.
Concert in Aid of Temple in Jaffna - A grand concert took place on February 16th 2002 in aid of the Sangarathai Pittiumpathi Pathirakali Ambal Temple. This ancient temple is situated in the midst of paddy fields in Sangarathai near Vaddukoddai in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. According to tradition, in the 17th century, a local gentleman named Muthanayinar had attempted to cut down a Tamarind tree as birds nesting there were consuming the grain. A cobra chased him away and that night Ambal appeared in a dream and requested him to build her a shelter. That shelter eventually became the Pathirakali temple.
The concert was organised by Mrs Krishna Segaram, a well known teacher of Bharatha Natyam in Sydney, a disciple of Mrs Subathira Sivathasan of UK and a descendent of Muthanayinar. The first half of the programme consisted of Alarippu, Jatheeswaram, Chembu dance etc and the second half was the Dance Drama "Athi Parasakthi". The students of Mrs Krishna Segaram performed the whole programme with grace and technical perfection. The accompanying artistes were Nattuvangam - Mrs Krishna Segaram, Vocal - Vasumathy Gopathidas & Pathmini Sivarajah, Violin - Gopathidas Narayanadas,
w
Dolki - Sridas Nara Ravindrakumari Miruthangam - Bala
Just before the ir Balasubramaniam history and significa At the end of the students thanked accompanying art audience. Tamil Communit South Wales — A grc Citizens got together purpose of buildin Centre for the Tam Wales. A seminar al conducted on 9th I steering committee ( with Mr. Samy Pasu and Mr. C. Sri F Secretary was elect task of drafting a concept plan of the a drawn by Mr. V.S.Th
The members of the s drew up a constit presented at the i held on 3rd Marc discussion took
Management Com following was elected Sivathondan, Vice P. Balasubramaniam, Sri Pathmanathan, Mr.K. Nadarajah, Tr, Pasupati, Asst.
R. Naganathan, Di: opment Works: M rasingam, Director O Mr. G. Santhiran, Co Dr.V.Manamohan, M and Mr. E.Vijayarat
A Memorial Meet Mr. Kumar Ponna on 3rd February 200 Primary School H attended and s eulogised Mr. Kum The meeting was s because Dr. (Mrs) balam and her son Ponnambalam wł elected to the Sri I were present. Mr. spoke on the future Lanka.
Saiva Sangal
Silver
The Saiva Munni Branch) had a s evening (the firs functions to be org their Silver Jubilee 22nd February 20 Carshalton, Surre plans to hold simil Greater London cui finale on 3lst A1 Assembly Hall, W. E17.

15 MARCH 2002
anadas, Veena - Samivel and i Rasi ah.
erval Mrs Devi poke about the ce of the temple. berformance, the heir Guru, the stes and the
Centre, New p of Tamil Senior with the ultimate ; a Community ls of New South d workshop were ecember 2001. A f eleven members pati as President athmanathan as 'd and given the constitution. A :tual building was urairajah.
teering committee ution which was augural meeting n 2002. A lively
place and a mittee of the . President: Mr. A. resident: Mrs Devi Secretary: Mr. C.
Asst. Secretary: easurer: Mr. Samy
Treasurer: Mr. rector of DevelMr. S. Jayaveef Public Relations: mmittee Members: r. S. Dharmapalan
a.
ng for the Late mbalam was held 2 at the Homebush all. It was well everal speakers ar Ponnambalam. ecially significant Kumar Ponnam(r. Gajendrakumar o was recently ankan Parliament G. Ponnambalam if the Tamils of Sri
Celebrates ubilee
:ta Sangam (UK ccessful cultural
in a series of nised to celebrate year) on Saturday, 2 at Grove Hall, The Sangam has functions all over inating in a grand ust 2002 at the hamstow, London
The p. ceedings commenced with a poojah around 7.30p.m. when the hall had filled to capacity, Mr. V. R. Ramanathan in his presid-ential address, referred to the vast progress made during the last 25 years to assist the Hindus in the UK, particularly those of the younger generation to practise their religion and be conversant in the Tamil language. He outlined the plans to have several meetings during the jubilee year and appealed to all present to attend the final meeting at Walthamstow. He welcomed the Guests of Honour, Dr. Rajan Namasivayam and Mr. S. Yoganathan, who in their speeches complimented the Sangam for their devoted service over the years.
After fluent speeches by Sahana Kulendran and Pratheepa Kuharajah, vocal and instrumental music by. Muthucumaraswamy Sarma, Kirusanth Sivarajan, Nisanth Sivarajan, Thivasanthan, Senthuran Rajamanoharan, Sivakami Rajamanoharan, Saravanan Theivendran, Kumar Visvanathan and Soundaralaks, 'my Selvarajah crowned by Bharat: . Natyam recitals from Menaka Indirar (mar and Mathini Kukapalan the cultural entertainment ended with an ovation from the audience. A sumptuous dinner brought the proceedings to a close.
Mr R.Kandiah - An appreciation
Mr R. Kandiah, a distinguished gentleman of Kokuvil, passed away on 21st January in Colombo after a brief illness. Eldest in a family of five boys and a girl, he grew up in comfortable circumstances under the loving care of his parents, Mr R. Rasiah and Mrs Sellamma Rasiak.
He had his primary education at Kokuvil Hindu College and then moved to Jaffna Hindu College, where he studied up to the London Matriculation. There he came under the influence of great men of letters, who inspired him to read avidly and write precisely. Also it was there that he honed his talent for speaking. A moment, Mr Kandiah fondly cherished, was when he was congratulated by the then Principal, Mr Nevins Selladurai, for mak ng an excellent speech. From Jaffna Hindu he went to the Training College at Tinneveli, to undergo teacher training. A very popular figure among the fellow trainees, he was called upon to preside over their meetings, deliver speeches and edit their magazines.
In 1938, having completed his training, he joined hands with Mr R. Thambithurai, Retired Postmaster, to found the Ramakrishna Mission School at Kokuvil. Swami Vipulananda, the manager of the school, quickly

Page 33
15 MARCH2002
discovered Mr Kandiah's merits and appointed him Head Master. Thus, the burden of running a new school fell on his broad shoulders just at the very beginning of his career. But as the annals of the school would reveal, he was more than equal to the task. The school opened its gates to everybody in the community showing Ο discrimination, the teachers cooperated with their head in all that he undertook to do for the benefit of the school and the students. As the tributes paid to his memory by one of his former colleagues, Mr. PKandiah (Gandhi master) and by one of his old students, Mr. N. Puvanendiran, Director of Rehabilitation and Planning, Trincomalee, bear out, it was his charisma that ensured all his success. In the midst of all his duties, he had also been relentlessly pursuing his studies. To equip himself better for the career, he underwent a short training under Maria Montessort in Colombo, and he also successfully completed his Bachelor of Arts Degree.
To him teaching was not a discipline in isolation but a means by which he could indulge in other activities equally beneficial to the society. A well-read man and a gifted writer and speaker, he attained positions of leadership in many organisations, through merit and sustained them for long with respect. When one goes through a list of such organisations, one finds it staggering and begins to wonder how he found time to actively engage in them. He was a true believer in Mahathma Gandhi and was drawn into the Ghandian Movement. The Gandhi Seva Sangam elevated him to the position of President and benefited from his leadership. He had been the President of the All Ceylon Tamil Teachers' Union for many years, leading the teachers in their struggles. He had also been the President of The Saiva Sithantha Samarsam, as President of the Board of Trustees of Nanthavil Amman Kovil, he supervised the restoration work and helped, conduct the Kumbabhisekam creditably, Being a voracious reader, he amassed a personal library of books and magazines - books on Tamil Literature Hinduism, English Literature, Biographies etc. Incidentally, it should be recorded that he made a donation of all his books- six hundred in all - to the University Library, Jaffna He also wrote extensively on many topics. The book titled, "Essence of Hinduism", has been widely received and the Ministry of Hindu Cultural Affairs chose to publish it. It also decorated him with an award at a ceremony in Colombo. He had also been a historian and has done some research on temples and families in Jaffna. A research paper, he published on the history of Nanthavil Amman Kovil, is a remarkable one.
His devoted wife, So teacher, had bee companion for sixty been devoted parents had seen them grow
In 1987, compelled
tragic events in our left home and live Ravindran, in Colom
Invited to the UK Uma and sons Sucindran, they can visit last year. Despi provided for them rigours of another w much for them and to take them back Kandiah really belie live for some more ye had willed it other months his health tu
breathed his last.
The pain of loss d bereaving family is s. of his relatives frienc admirers.
May his soul rest in K. Kanthapilai.
Dr K KAND Wrangy was born (now Sri Lanka) in 19 mathematics, which win a place at Can war. His friends and him off to England become a Senior Wra he became called Wr
After graduating a became interested aspects of the nucle: Cavendish Laborato. maths background design his electronic and so to achieve goo good reliability. In his team moved to Atomic Energy lishment at Harwe I I first met him.
In nuclear research, results depends performance of the e Harwell needed th techniques available electronics advance speed. In the 194 alternative to e thermionic valves, inflexible, hot and 1950s, transistors valves, bringing h Then came microc. arrays of thousands, of transistors were silicon wafer. Wrang advantage of th advances.
Wrangy also saw th

33 TAMIL MES
rnamma, herself a
n his constant years. They had s to their children,
and do well in life. by the unfolding, homeland , they d with their son, bo.
by their daughter Narendran and he to London on a te all the comforts they felt that the inter would be too prevailed on them to Colombo . Mr ved that he could ars there but Fate wise. Within two rned worse and he
eeply felt by his hared by hundreds is old students and
peace.
|АН ОВЕ in Jaffna, Ceylon 916 He excelled in enabled him to bridge before the relations who saw expected him to angler. This is how angy. t Cambridge, he in the electronic ar research at the ry. Here Wrangy's helped him to circuits rigorously d performance and 1947 Wrangy and the newly-opened Research EstabI. It was then that
the quality of the largely on the lectronics used. So e best electronic . Over the years, d with incredible 0s there was no lectronics using which were large, unreliable. In the began to replace luge advantages. ircuits, in which and later millions, made on a single was quick to take ese astonishing
e need for special
low-noise transistors and saw a way of getting them developed. The Ministry of Defence had a central organization, originally set up during the war, for developing therm ionic valves, and later transistors, for all three of the Armed Services. Wrangy became Chairman of their Technical Committee. This gave him control of the development of special ised transistors for all the Services.
Fortunately, some of the Service requirements were similar to Harwell's. Wrangy evaluated manufacturers' prototype trans-istors rigorously in his laboratory. This enabled him to special subtle design changes which improved transistor performance. It is an attribute to his high reputation, both in the Services and in Industry, that this arrangement- was accepted on all sides.
When the Rutherford Laboratory became an organisation separate from Harwell, we set up a joint electronics laboratory, staffed 50-50 by Rutherford and Ha’ well people. Everyone agreed that it should be headed by Wrangy. This sensible arrangement worked well for a number of years.
Wrangy was happiest running a small team of hand-picked people doing careful investigations of physical processes in transistors and radiation detectors. His enthusiasm for this work was infectious. The computerised test equipment he developed could perform sequences of accurate measurements automatically over periods of days or weeks, and could register the movements of a single electron. This work threw light on the physical factors which affected the precision with which nuclear particles could be analysed and counted.
Wrangy published many important papers on this and related topics. He acquired a world-wide reputation. At international conferences he was usually surrounded by a knot of people anxious to talk to him.
When the time came for Wrangy to retire from Harwell, he moved with his equipment to the RutherfordAppleton Laboratory and carried on much as before By then he was collaborating world-wide with other workers in the field, making good use of the Internet in the preparation of joint papers. Eventually his equipment went to the Max Planck Institute at Minich,. where it is still in use. He was preparing a joint paper with this Institute when he died.
He was not only a good scientist, but also a delightful and stimulating person. It was a privilege to be his colleague and friend for so many years.
E. H. Cooke-Yarborough 30 January 2002

Page 34
34 TAMILTIMES
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