Page 1


Page 2
காலம் ( திரு. காசிப்பிள்ை (பன்னாலை, ெ (1903
அவர் நினை அன்னாரின்
கந்தையா சண நிர்வாக சேவை உத்
தமிழ்ச் சங்க
வழங்கிய அ
ASCSAAiAS LSSAAS AASAASAASMMMSMSLLLS ALMMAMS LiALALLSASSSiSiSS SLqq SSAq AS MS

ரிப்பு
சென்ற ளை கந்தையா தல்லிப்பளை)
- 1975)
கள்
is T35 புதல்வர்
ள்முகலிங்கம் தியோகத்தர்(ஒய்வு)
நூலகத்திற்கு அன்பளிப்பு

Page 3
PROGR
FRAMEWC RESETTL
REHABL
RECONST
& DEVELO
VAVUNIYA
“ VAVUNIN NOVEME
 

AMME
DRK FOR
EMENT,
ITATION,
RUOTION
PMENT
p
DISTRICT
YA PLAN ”
BER 1998

Page 4


Page 5
VAVUNYAPLAN
ܠܔܠ
The Progra Work for Rehabilita
ment, ReCOnStruCti opment of Vavuniy undertaken by a Te ants Specially ide task. Professor N. E
the Vavuniya Ca Jaffna University Periyasamy, Direc ture, Departmento
the NOrth Ea St PrO'
undertook an indep problems of the Dis to Rehabilation,
ReCOnStruction anC
of the District.
The Governr
K. Ganesh, and ( Planning Secreta much valuable ass
study team and alsc operative in making necessary data, re publications and S taken in the pastinc the development p the Vavuniya Distric
 

mme Frame
ion, Resettle
On and Devel
a District Was
m of Consult
tified for this
alakrishnan of
mpus of the and Mr. P.
tor of AgriculAgriculture of sincial Council th study of the trict in relation
Resettlement, Development
nent Agent Mr. Dfficial Of the riat provided istance to the
) were very Coavailable the levant official
tudies under
Onnection With rogrammes of
>t。
*
The Secretaries and Heads of Departments of the North East Provincil Council made useful suggestions on the draft presentation, which contributed, to the enhancement of the quality of the programme framework. Mr. S.A. Karunaratne former Director General of National Planning Department gave the finishing touches to
the draft report and made an ex
cellent contribution by editing the Whole document.
The Chairman and Board of Directors of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Authority of the North also wish to thank the UNDP for its broad support given to RRAN under itS Technical ASSiStan Ce Programme and also wish to thank everyone for their valuable contribution and cooperation and therby enabling us to publish this Programme Framework for Vavuniya District which will lay the foundation for a gradual social and economic recovery of the District OVer a period of time.

Page 6
s
够
s
、ト
ii
AB
ACAS
ADA
Al
ASC
AKN
ARC
CEB
DATC
DDP
DOA
DOAS
DOAPH
DO
DO
DOF
DOC
DS
ERRP
 
 
 

VAVUNYA PLAN
Artificial Breeding Assistant Commissioner of Agrarian Services
Agriculture Development Authority
Agricultural Instructor
Agrarian Services Center
Agrarian Kendra Nilaya (ASC)
Agriculture Research Centre
Ceylon Electricity Board
District Agricultural Training Centre
Deputy Director of Planning
Dept. of Agriculture
Department of Agrarian Services
Dept. of Animal Production and Health
Divisional Officer
Department of irrigation
Department of Fisheries
Department of Co-operatives
Divisional Secretary
Emergency Rehabilitation & Resettlement Programm
Forest Department
Farmer Organization
Government Organization
Irrigation Department
Irrigation Overseers
Industrial Development Board
Livestock Breeders Co-operatives
Non Government Organization
National Engineering and Machinery Organization
North East Provincial Council
National Housing Development Authority

Page 7
VAVUNYAPLAN
RDA
RDD
RDS
RRAN
TCCS
ΤΟ
VIROEP
WREB
PS
VIE
pənuņu00
o // 0 // o / 41 0 /
 

Pradeshya Sabha
Road Development Authority
Road Development Department
Rural Development Society .
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Authority of the North
Thrift and credit co-operative society
Technical Officer
Vavuniya Industrial Estate
Vavuniya Integrated Rural Development Programme
Water Resoures Board
iii

Page 8
iv
Acknowledgemen Abbreviations Table of Contents List of Tables List of Annexures District Profiles Executive Summa
1.0
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5.1 2.6
3.0
3.1 3.11 3.11.1 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.14.1 3.15 3.15.1 3.15.2
3.2
3.2
3.2.2 32.3 3.24
3.3 3.31 3.3.2 3.3.2.1 3.3.2.2 3.32.3
3.4
3.4.1 3.42 3.43
Introduc
Demogr Location Land & t Populati Distribut Populati Spacial / Ethnicity
District
Sectora Agricultu Marketin Livestoc Fisheries Industrie Industria Trade & Banks Thrift & (
Economo
Irrigation Roads
ElectriCit Transpo
Social II Educatic Health & Health
Sanitatic Housing
Service Co-oper, Commun Voluntar
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
ry
ction
aphic & Social Setting
he People
Օր
ion of Population
On Density
Aspects
& Religion
Economy- A Macro Overview | Composition of Products
Ire: Paddy & Other field Crops 19
k
s Fresh Water Fisheries
S
| Estate
Service
Credit Co - operative Societies
hic Infrastructure
у
rt & Communication
nfrastructure
) : Sanitation
)n
Institutions
atives nity Based Organisations (CBO) y Social Service Organisations
xii
s

Page 9
WAWUNIYA PLAN
f
لحمیہ
N
3.44 3.45
4.0
4.1 4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.75 4.7.6
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 52.7 5.2.8 5.2.9
5.3
5.4 5.41. 54.1.1 5.4.1.2
54.1.3
Non - GOV Training lr
impact of
Backgrou Emergen
Programr ERRP – P
VIRIDEP - Developm Rehabilita
their inka
“Cleared
Rehabilita Major Acti nCome G COSt Of Re ReSettlem Newly Cle Institution
Rehabilita
Agricultul
District B.
Situation Farming C Land & Ag Irrigation Livestock Fresh Wat Agro – bas Forestry infrastruct Farm Mac
Rehabilita GOSL & II
Problem Crop Agric Displasem Destroyed Assets of Shortage
 

ernmental Organisations stitutions
the Conflict Resettlement initialtives
nd cy Rehabilitation & Reconstruction
Se
hase ll Vavuniya Integrated Rural ment Programme tions Reconstruction & ges to Development Vs “Uncleared" Areas
ltion & Resettlement
vities
eneration Activities :location & Relocation & Resettlement ent Target
ared Areas at Capacity
ltion|Reconstruction
re - Problems & Potential
ackground
due to the Conflict ommunity riculture
er Fishery ed industries
ure Facilities hinery & Implements
tion Projects carried out by the hternational Donor Community 33
Constraints on Development ulture ent of the Large Number of Farmer or Abandoned State of Productive he Farmer34 f Agricultural inputs in the Village
ج
23 23
24
24
24
24
25
26
26
26
26 27
27
28 28 28
29
30
30
30 3O 30 31 31 32 32 32 32 33
33 34 34
34

Page 10
vi
5.4.14
5.4.15 5.4 16 54.17 5.4.2
5.4.2.1 5.4.2.2 5.4.23 54.24 5.425 5.4.2.6 5.43
5.4.3.1 5.432 5.44
5.44.1 5.4.4.2
5.4.4.3
5.5
5.5.1 55.2 5.5.3 5.5.4
5.6 5.6.1 56.11 5.6.1.2
56.13 5.6.14 56.15 5.6.16 56.17 5.6.18
5.6.19 56.11 O 5.6.2 5.6.2.1
5.6.3 56.3.1
Disruptio Farmers Disruptio Lack oft LOW Mo, LivestoC Lack of ( Damage lnadequ Damage nadequ inadequ Fresh W Seasona Absence Forestry Excessi Absence Private Absence
Develop Crop Ag LivestoC Fresh W Forestry
dentific Crop ag Constru Rehabili Stores a Supply ( Provisio Crop Di PrOmOti Product Upgradi Develop Supply ( Deepen Livestoc Upgradi Veterina Fresh W EXtensi Establis
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
n of Support Services to meet the Need n of Marketing Activities in the District he Institutional Loans of the Cultivation rals & Frustration
k 3enetically Upgraded Cattle & Goats
& Displacement ate Extension & Other Services
to Breeding Facilities ate Marketing Facilities ate Productivity of livestock Feed later Fishery
alloss of Employment
of a Breeding Station
ve Feling of Trees e of a Programme to involve Sector & the Community. 2 of Plant Nurseries
pment strategy riculture
k later - Fisheries
cation of Priority Projects
riculture ction of Agro-Wells to Paddy Cultivation tation of Fertilizer & Seed
it Village level of inputs & Machinery to the Farmers n of Emergency Rehabilitation Assistance versification Programme on of Organic Farming ion of Breeder & Certified Seed Storage ng of Skills of Existing Staff & Institutional ment of Tractors, Water Pumps & Sprayers ing Production Wells
ck Development ng of local Animals, improving ry Services
later Fisheries on of Fresh Water Fisheries & hment of Breeding Station
34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35
35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
36 36
36 36 37 37
37
38 38 38
38 38 38 38 39 39
39 39 40 40
40 40
40

Page 11
VAVUNIYA PLAN
༄། །
88888
56.4 56.41
56.4.2
5.7
57.1 5.72 5.7.3 5.74 5.75
5.8. 5.8.1
6.0
6.1 6.1.1 61.2 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.1.8
6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.2.1 6.2.2.2 6.23 6.2.3.1 62.3.2 6.2.4 6.2.4.1 6.2.4.2 6.2.43 6.25 6.2.5.1 6.2.5.2 62.6 6.2.6.1 62.6.2 6.2.6.3 6.2. 6.4 6.26.5
w Forestry
Impleme Forestry Impleme Protectic
Project ROle Of ROle Of Role of Role of Impleme Estimate Prgramr COOrdin
The PrO
Prograr Rehabi Program Program Time Fr Investm Capital A Indicativ Derivatic
Prograr Agricult Industrie Impleme Benefits Resettle Resettle Benefici Irrigatiot Project Benefit
Impleme Electrici Village Expecte Roads
RDA RO RDD RC Pradesh Agricult Expecte
 
 
 
 

ntation of Community Forestry & School
programmes ntation of Catchment Area on projects
implementation
he Farmers he District Administration he North East Provincial Council he NGOS ntation Arrangements & ed Project cost
ne Coordination
ation
gramme Framework
mme Concept & Main features tation of People & Assets me Frame & Objectives me Structure & Priorities ame & the Programme
ent Outlay
Absorbtion Capacity e COSt Estimate
on of Estimates
mme Components
ΙΘ.
S
2nting Agency
ment ment Package aries
Profiles
:nting Agency
у
dentified d Result & Implementing Agency
ads
ads iya Sabha Roads |ral Roads d Results
40
40
40
41 41 41 41 41
42 42 42
44
44 44 45 45 46 46 46 46 47
47 47 47 48 48 48 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 52 52 52 52
vii

Page 12
viii
6.2.66 6.2.7
6.2.7.1 6.2.7.2 6.2.7.3 6.2.8
6.2.8.1 6.2.8.2 6.2.8.3 6.2.8.4 6.2.8.5 6.2.8.6 6.2.9
6.2.9.1 6.2.9.2 6.29.3 62.9.4
6.3
6.4
6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.44 6.45
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2
7.6
Impleme Educati Project Benefits Impleme Health & Major O COSt ES PriOritie! Prevent
Sanitatic
Benefit Housing Housing Higher Other H Benefits
Prograr
Areas C Undergr Agro lnc Forestry Rural St Urban D
Admini:
PrOVinC
The Dis Formuli
Civil CC
District District
Local G Urban C Pradesh
Institut
List of
Map1. A
Map2. E
Map 3.
Map 4.
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
2nting Agencies Dn Profiles
2nting Agencies
Sanitation bjectives & Areas of Activity timates
RW
s
Ve Services on & Water Supply & Implementation
| | Grant & Families Resettled housing Grant ousing Schemes
& implementation
mme & RRAN
f Further Study Ound Water Resources dustries
f
pciety )evelopment
strative & Institutional FOCuS
:ia District NeXuS
trict Administration, Programme, ation & Implementation
)nflict & District Administration
Administration & Level Development
overnment Authorities ouncil niya Sabha
onal Participation
Vaps
dministrative Boundries
:stimated Population
Wajor & Medium Tanks
Roads
52. 55 55 55 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 56 57 57 57 57 58
58
58 58 5g/
59
59 59
60
60
60
61
61
61 61 62
62
15
16

Page 13
WAWUNIYA PLAN
1O
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
TABLE
TABLE 2(a)
TABLE 2(b)
TABLE2(c)
TABLE 2(d)
TABLE 3(a)
TABLE 3(b)
TABLE 4(a)
TABLE 4(b)
TABLE 5(a)
TABLE 5(b)
TABLE 5(c)
TABLE 5(d)
TABLE 5(e) TABLE 5(f) TABLE 5(g)
s
TABLE 5(h)
TABLE 6(a)
TABLE 6(b)
TABLE 6(c)
TABLE 6(d)
TABLE 6(e)
TABLE 6(f)
TABLE 6(g)
TABLE 6(h)
TABLE 6(i)
Are Se
PO
La
Ex
AV;
Liv
irri
R
Pr,
RC
EC
Th
 
 
 
 

ygramme Summary
a of District, According to the Divisional Cretariat Divisions
pulation Movements in Vavuniya District
pulation & Population Density by Divisional Cretariats Census Year, 1981
vuniya District Estimated Population & No. Families by DS Division 1996
dium & Small Industries - Sub Sector vuniya District -1997
hools in Vavuniya District
2grammes of Resettlement Activities, 97 Vavuniya District (Cleared Areas)
ntative Estimates of and Requirement
ReSettlement quirement Programme - 1999
pulation Data - 1979 & 1998, Vavuniya strict Summary
no use Pattern in the District
tent Cultivated Cropwise (10 years coveage)
ailability of Production Wells
estock Population in Vavuniya District plection of Farm Resource in the District
ailability of Farm machinery & implements Vavuniya District
ority Projects Summary
riculture Estimate vuniya District 3-Year Programme of contruction & Development
ustries Sector :Estimate
jor/Medium irrigation Schemes (Provincial) gation Sector Estimates
)A Roads Estimates
adeshiya Sabha Ròads-Eestimates
ads Sector Summary Estimates uCation Sector Estimate
e Health & Sanitation Sector Programme 99 - 2001
XV
11
19
29
29
3O
3O
31
31
32
32
33
43
46
48
50
50
51
51
52
53
54
ix

Page 14
Annexure 1 Name of St
who attend
District Sec
Annexure 2 Land Use i
Annexure 3 Mean Annu
Annexure 4 Mean Annu
Annexure 5 Annual Imp
Wise Alloca
Annexure 6 Quarterly F
Vavuniya D
Annexure 7 Water Supp
Dry Seasor
Annexure 8 Electricity S
Number of
Annexure 9 TeleCommu
Vavuniya D
Annexure 10 Classificatic
Personal
Annexure 11 Programme
Annexure 12 Priority of M
Annexure 13(a) Priority List
Annexure 13(b) Priority List Annexure 13(c) Priority List
Annexure 13(d) Priority List
Annexure 13(e) Priority List
Annexure 14 Rehabilitati
Vavuniya (1
Annexure 15(a) Priority List
Annexure 15(b) Priority List
Annexure 15(c) Priority List
Annexure 15(d) Priority List
Annexure 16(a) Electricity F
(Est. Cost
Annexure 16(b) Electricity F
Annexure 17 Non Gover
District PrO
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
}ctoral Heads of Departments and dificials page
the Meetings for Consultation/Discussion in the
rtariat, Vavuniya 63
n Vavuniya District - 1997 65
al Rainfall-Vavuniya Station (In Millimeters) 66
at Rainfall 1992-1996 (In Millimeters) 67
lementation Programme 1997, Department
tion & Expenditure -Vavuniya District 68
inancial Progress Report -1998,
istrict (Quarter 3) 69
bly in 1997, Water Supply in Rainy &
S-1997 70
upply — Vavuniya District 1997,
Consumers by Categories 70
|nication Facilities by Categories -
iStrict 1997 71
on of Hospital by Type, Number of Beds & Medica
Divisional Secretariat Division Wise -1997 72
of Work - Central Irrigation 73
"ajorTanks by ID (Provincial) in Vavuniya District 74
of MinorTanks by DOAS in Vavuniya District 75
of MinorTanks by DOAS in Vavuniya District 76
of Minor Tanks by DOAS in Vavuniya District 77
of MinorTanks by DOAS in Vavuniya District 78
of Minor Tanks by DOAS in Vavuniya District 78
on Work - Road Development Department,
999) 79
of Agriculture Roads to be Rehabilitated 80
of Agriculture Road to be Rehabilitated 80
of Agriculture Road to be Rehabilitated 81
of Agriculture Road to be Rehabilitated 82
’roposals Vavuniya Division
in Brackets) 83
roposals Cheddikulam Division 87
inment Organizations in Vavuniya
gramme –1997 89

Page 15
VAVUNYAPLAN
EBOX - 1
WAWUNIYA
Location & Land Area
Population
Economy
Employment
Environment
industries
Administrative Divisions
Northern mid-C 1967 sq km = A Sri Lanka
95 ,000 (Censu total population Density of Popl
Main productio (Paddy and Oth Livestock Farm Trade and Tran There are 23 M In addition ther Which 554 are
Economically A 62% of the emp
Forest COver 4. and poorly mair environmental
Mainly centerec related to itS Str transport. The t and TCCS hav
There are 4 Adı Vavunia With 6, Contains the ma
administrative a

: DISTRICT PROFILE
puntry lowlands pprox 3% of the total area of
s 1981) = Approx 0.6% of the Of Sri Lanka ulation : 65/sq km (1995)
h activities are Crop Agriculture
her Field Crops), ing, Forestry and Inland Fisheries. sport also make important contribution to the GDP edium and 1 Major irrigation Tanks. e are 730 Minor irrigation Tanks of
operational.
ctive / Total Population = 30% (1981) loyed are in Agriculture.
5% of the land area. Deforestation ntained irrigation tanks have led to degradation.
i round Vavunia Township and ategic position in road and rail wo state banks, three private banks e 107 Branch Offices
ministrative (DS/AGA) Divisions, 2% of the population of the District, in urban Centre. It is also the main
nd the COmmercial hub.
xi

Page 16
Xii
1.0 Distri
Vavuniya distri area of 1966.9 sq.
land area Of the er
ministratively the di
into four Divisional S
visions, (DSD) v Vavuniya Sout
Cheddikulam and W.
Vavuniya North cov land area, 39 % Vavuniya Division Vengalacheddikula Vavuniya South L Vavuniya North D
mains as 'uncleare
Vavuniya Districti populated region. In sus, the district had 94,468. Population not experience a high
in the 1970S and 1
mated midyear popu from 107,000 in 195
1989 and remainec
around 115,000 durit thereafter, by 1995 121,000. In the Wavur
lation Concentration
ably as between Divis
DivisionS. Of the tota
tion of 121278, (1997 to Vavuniya Division
the urban Council
Vavuniya North had 17,853 and Chedd
 

VAVUNIYAPLAN
ct Setting -
Ct has a land
km, 10% of the
tire NEP AC
strict is divided
SeCretariatS Di
iz, Vavuniya, h, Vengala avuniya North. 'ers the largest of the total;
Covers 31%,
am 20% and
) ivi SiOn 9.6%.
vision still re
d area'.
sa very sparsely
the 1981 Cen
a population of
in the district did
rate of increase
980s. The esti
lation increased
56 to 112,000 in
virtually stable ng 1992-94, and
it increased to
niya districtpopu
varies Consider
SiOnal SeCretariat
al district popula'), 61% belonged
Which includes
area as well.
a population of
ikulam Division
17,035 and Vavuniya South Division, 12,494.
Population density is rather low Vavuniya, compared to all other districts in the NEP (excluding Mullaitivu district) has had the lowest density of around 58 persons per sq km; the population density in the district increased to 65 in 1995. However, within the district the population density shows considerable variation among the different DSDD.
Spatially, much of the district re
Sources and activities are COncentrated in the Vavuniya Division, including the Vavuniya Town which
is the administrate and Commer
cial capital of the district. The other three divisions are comparatively less developed. Vavuniya North Division, geographically the largest of the four divisions, is not only very sparsely populated but also remains neglected and is still 'un
Cleared'.
Long before the ethnic conflict became a serious problem, Vavuniya township has operated as a key transit point in the movement of people and goods be
Cause of the road and rail links
connecting the north to south and east to west. Consequently, even though landlocked, the district had
Considerable interaction with the

Page 17
WAWUNIYA PLAN
neighbouring districts. This had no doubt led to the development of Vavuniya as an urban centre.
With the escalation of the eth
nic conflict, a large number of the district population-estimated at about 50,000 got internally displaced. In addition there was a large influx of refugees - estiaround 45,000. Vavuniaya's central location was
that
contributed to the influx of refugees
mated at
an important factor
in large numbers. As a result of this, the district had to Cope with problems of displaced population in addition to other conflict related problems such as damages/destruction to property and infrastructure.
2.0 Impact of the Civil Conflict
Vavuniya District, like the other
districts in the North East Province
NEP) experienced considerable
Social and economic dislocation on
account of the Civil Conflict in the
1980S and 1990S. This resulted
In extensive damage/destruction of movable and immovable property, public sector infrastructure and other productive assets, loss of lives, injury and large scale displacement of people. The Emergency Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Programme II (ERRP III, 1994) estimated the cost of reha
bilitation and rec
Vavuniya Distric and compensa
million. This ma
good indicator damage/destruc
tOr infrastructure
tion assets. T
|OWer than that
is nevertheless
economically ba habited by a lar{ people, and ni
natural resourC
CanCe, thiS WOu||
burden.
3.0 Three W
Compo
Thus, the ta
trict administrat
has to arrange the displaced-p
settlement, and gramme of reh
Construction O
while taking act economy to en: standards of pe
and enhanced.
Therefore ir
gramme framev has beenplace
Sets of measure
(i) ReSettler
Cation of
placed;

Onstruction in the
it (excluding relief tion) at Rs.4,195 y be a reasonably
of the extent of
tion of public secand other produchis cost, though
of other districts,
Substantial. For an
ckward district, in
ge number of poor
ot endowed with
es of any signifi
ld be an excessive
lajor Activity
nents
Sk before the dis
ion is three fold. It
for the welfare of
leople and their re| implement a pro
abilitation and re
f physical assets
on to reactivate the
sure that the living ople are protected
the present prowork, the emphasis d basically on three
eS. These deal With
ment and relO
families dis
(ii) Rehabilitation and recon
struction of public infrastruc
ture assets in Such fields
as Irrigation, Roads, Health, Education and
Housing,
(iii) Regeneration and improve ment/expansion of produc
tive activities in direct
production sectors such as in Agriculture, Live
stock, inland Fisheries
and Forestry, Industries,
Trade and Services.
All the three Sets of measures
and activities are, needless to
say, interrelated. The district administration had been already in
Volved in all the three main lines
of activity with its on-going programmes out of its annual financial allocations. Butthe proposals presented here show how these activities may be pursued more systematically within a planned framework.
4.0 Resettlement of People
Resettlement of people is both a human problem and an economic necessity. It is a human problem in the sense that displaced families/persons cannot be allowed to languish for too long in refugee camps or welfare centres. Economically, once re
located or resettled and provided

Page 18
with a means of livelihood (eg. resettled farmers) they will contribute to increased production.
In the on-going resettlement programmes, displaced families are either resettled in their former places or relocated in new places or 'model villages." In relocating families, there is a Considerable amount of infrastructure spending to provide the basic facilities. The district administration has been spending annually about Rs 40 to 50 million for resettlement. However still there are nearly 5330 more families to be resettled. In
the next two to three years, the district administration should be
able to resettle about 2000 or 2500
families. The programme should be pursued with the aim of resettling at least about 60% of the remaining families (as at end of 1998) and it is expected that funding would come from the Ministry of Rehabilitation through RRAN.
5.0 Economic
& Social Infrastructure
Infrastructure restoration and improvement is a vital necessity for the further progress of the district economy. The district administration has been spending a good proportion of its total annual alloCation from the Government on such work. Some progress has,
Xiv
therefore been r
tion, but still a g
to be done. Th
require substan rigation, Roads,
Education and H
tion and Health
tors, during the or so, at least 6.
tion/reconstruct
be met; at least major objective.
Could be set fol
Well, Such as irri
6.0 Direct
PrOCILICt
In the Progra the importance c
SeCtOrS in the di
been emphasiz ones being, Agri Inland Fisheries
tries, Trade and
ture and Livesto
tute the mainsta
in the district, S and indirectly m ral population. tant activities ha affected by the Therefore, their tal necessity.
Industry, Tr. together are re abOut 15% Oft(
the district. The
 
 
 

WAVUNYAPLAN
hade in this direC
"eat deal remains
main areas that
ial Outlays, are lrHealth Sanitation, ousing. In Educaand Housing secnext three years
5% of the restora
On needs should
that should be a
Similar objectives
other Sectors as
gation and Roads.
ion Sectors
lmme FramewOrk, of direct production strict economy has ed, the most vital Culture, Livestock, , Forestry, IndusServices. Agriculck together constily of the economy ;upporting directly Dre than 65% Ofru
Both these imporve been adversely
Civil disturbances.
reactivation is a vi
ade and Services
ported to support tal employment in
: activities also at
tractsubstantial private sector participation.
The Rice Mills, which repreSentan importantagro-industry activity, have long been famous in Vavuniya as a most successful form of private enterprise development. They have been badly affected, and half the total number (47) still remain closed or only partially operated. There are a number of Small-scale industrial units and not all of them are in production. The Industrial Estate, which was established in 1992 to promote Small Scale private Sector industries is not yet fully operational and the industrial Development Board has not been able to play an active role in promoting
Such industries.
Thus, the industry sector has been adversely affected by the civil disturbances. Any significant regeneration and expansion of small-scale industrial activity will require generous financial assistance, to potential entrepreneurs. ASSistance will also be needed in
the areas of enterprise development, entrepreneurial training and vocational training, skills andmarketing support. Technology reorientation, particularly in agroindustry and processing will be another important area for assistance. There can be a Substantial private sector participation, pro

Page 19
VAWUNIYAPLAN
Table 1
Programme Summary
Componet
ECCOnamic infrastucture (Electricity, Irrigation, Roads0
Social infrastructuter (Education, Housing,
Health, Sanitation, Nutrition, Water Supply)
ReSettlement
Fisheries)
Agriculture (CropAgriculture, Livestock
5 Instiutional development( Support Services entereneurship training, technical and vocational training for youth)
6 Other
Total
vided incentives are adequate and appropriate investment climate is *OStered.
Trade and Services with a
strong private sector orientation have revived, partly because most
of the institutions are Centered in
an around the township and a sudden influX of a large displaced copulation also acted a major incentive. The impact of 'open economy', the central location of the township, its links with other di Stricts and the restOration Of normalcy and a relatively stable seCurity situation, also were contributory factors.
7.0 Program & Compo
The Prograr
embraces a nu
components. Th
economic and SC
and direct produ has been design economic and SC
of the district po porating the thre tivity already mel gramme extends period, 1999 to
a ble amount C
planned for the k
The entire pi ages an expend million. This impl

Rs.Mn %
413 34
389 33
150 12
21 O 17
25 2
21 2
1,208 100
me FrameWork
nents
nne FrameWOrk
mber of sectors/
ese include both
Cial infrastructure
ction activities. It
ed to COntribute tO
Cial advancement
pulation by incor2 main lines of ac
tiOned. The PrO
over a three year 2001. A COnsider
f investment is
ey sectors.
ogramme envis
ture of RS. 1208
es an annual ex
penditure of about Rs. 400 million which is within the management capacity of the District Administration. The main components are shown in Table (1). (No provision has been made for contingencies and cost escalation).
Such a programme is expected to facilitate the income generating activities in Agriculture, Industry and Services, and has considerable scope for private sector participation.
8.0 Administrative and
institutional Aspects
In the post-devolution phase in the NEP, the relationship between the district administration and the Provincial Administration gave rise to important problems with regard to district level plan/programme formulation. Presently, the district administration has to deal with central/line agencies and it has to deal also with the provincial authority, because a part of the funding comes through the provincial system. The Provincial Administration has to rely on the district administration, for carrying out functions related to devolved subjects. The unclear nature of this dual responsibility of the district administration is not conducive to efficient implementation of programmes.
XV

Page 20
The district administration in Vavuniya over the years has survived the vicissitudes of the Civil conflict and after a fairly successful experience in 'crisis management’ it has reached Some maturity in the process. The security situation in the district is Still a
Cause for ConCern. But this is relatively stable now and the district administration has been ableto implement several programmes, and the experience gained gave it the necessary competence and preparedness in dealing with district's major problems. One outcome has been that within the provincial system, Wavuniya has found a district identity of its own.
In planning/ formulating programmes at the district level, the issues related to 'bottom-up' (instead of "top-down") approach are also important. Bottom up ap
proach requires institution building
xvi
and participatio Civil disturbanc
ment of people
the functioning many societie Even governme ernmental orga have links with p. have been affec
fore, necessary existing instituti ones to provide tional back-up f participatory arr
In the Conte
exercise of prep. programme dea ment, rehabilitati
tion and develo
Stake - holders,
eficiaries are as
ment Officials in
ferent levels,) F Officials of Cent
level organizatio
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
at local levels.
es and displace
have undermined
or operation of s/organizations. ntal or semi-govInizations which
2dple at local level
ited.
to reactivate the
Ons Or form new
It is, there
a better institu
Or more effective
angement.
xt of the present
aration of a district
ling with resettleOn and reconstruc
pment, the major including the ben
follows: Govern
the District (at dif
'rovincial Officials, ,
ral Agencies, local ns, and beneficiar
ies such as farmers, resettled vil-, lagers, small scale industrialists/entrepreneurs and self-employed persons. Many of the stake-holders may come through the organizations they represent. However, the participation of beneficiaries or target groups in decision making is not effective in general. This is true even where the relevant organisations exist. Therefore, government officials tend to have a dominant
influence.
This imbalance can be rectified
by strengthening and reactivating the Non-Governmental Organizations so that greater communit participation can be Ig Even some of the governmental/ semi-governmental organizations (eg. Co-operatives) need to be revamped so that they can become active participants.

Page 21
WAVUNIYAPLAN
This docume
framework for an ir
opment of the Vavu Corporating propos ment, reconstructic and general socio velopment of there stitutes a part of th opment framework fected regions of t Lanka, the preparat the active participati stake-holders is a p date of the Resettle bilitation Authority (RRAN). The study sored by the United opment Programme
The present 'Framework for
Rehabilitation, R and Developmer District' Consists
ters, an Executive
Several Annextures
and 4 describe th namely, the Distri Economy and the S Problems conseque Chapter 5 deals wil portant economic ac trict: Agriculture. Cha the programme fr; Chapter 7 goes on administrative and
Sues which have an ing on the implement
gramme.
This document
pared after severa

it presents a tegrated develniya District inals for resettlen, rehabilitation
-economic degion. This cone Overall devel
for the war af.
e Northern Sri on of which, with on of all relevant
part of the man
ment and Reha
| Of the North
has been sponNations Devel
(UNDP).
document:
Resettlement, econstruction t - Vavuniya of seven chapSummary and ... Chapters 2,3 e background, ct Profile, the Socio-Economic
nt to the Conflict.
h the mOst imctivity in the Disapter 6 presents amework, and
to discuss the
institutional isimportant bearration of the pro
has been pre| COnSultationS
and discussions with the repreSentatives of the Government departments - central and provincial - in the district. Meetings were held with the Government Agent/ District Secretary and Divisional Secretaries in Connection with this study. Useful discussions were also held with several non-governmental organizations (NGOO). Important documents and written proposals submitted in the recent past about the Vavuniya District were reviewed by the Consultants before finalizing this report.
The TermS Of Referen Ce (TOR), for the study areas follows:
Objective: Designing a framework for integrated multi-sectoral resetlement, rehabilitation, reconstruction and development programme for the Vavuniya district.
Tasks assigned
Verifying the situation and problems of the dis trict as having been as sessed by project ap praisal teams, ERRP (1995) and VIRDEP (1997) and update the available information and data
Identifying the resettle ment, rehabilitation and reconstruction needs and, make some first cost estimates.
ldentifying sectors where detailed analysis have to be done and suggest priorities

Page 22
identifying Stake holde
be involved
gramme pl, implement:
Submissio
ideas/sketc
in COnSulta
sectoral g
Preparation and presen a Workshop finalize and
them.
The presentre tents reflect the
and related task
covered by the T
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
the main
ers whoWould
| in pro anning and
atiOn.
of project shes/profiles tions with
Oups
a document
t the findings at
in Order to
prioritize
eportand its conabove objective S and issues
OR.

Page 23
VAVUNYAPLAN
2.1. Location
Vavuniya district, northern lowlands,
With four other distr
District in the north,
district in the SOut
Mannar and Anura
tricts on the West a
TrinCOmalee and A
districts On the east
cally the district cor Dry Zone.
Long before the became a Seriou Vavuniya township h as an important tran movement of peopl with the road and rail ing north to south an This haS COntribute development of t township. Thus, de trict being landlock tion with neighbourir been quite conside years, particularl 1990s when ethnic
escalated, its Centri tracted a vast refug
2.2 Land and til
Vavuniya distric area of 1966.9 sq kr Ha) — 10% of the la entire North East Pr Administratively, the Vided into fOur Divi
tariat Divisions, V Vavuniya South, V/ and Vavuniya Nori North Covers 39% o
 

located in the
has borders
icts Mullaitivu Anuradhapura h, Mulaitivu, dhapura disnd Mullaitivu, nuradhapura Agro-climatines Within the
ethnic Conflict
us problem, as functioned
sit point in the e and goods, links Connect
d east to West.
d much to the
he Vavuniya spite the dised its interaCng districts has able. In later
y during the
disturbances
al location at
ee population.
he People
it has a land n (196,690,96 hd area of the ɔvince (NEP). district is di
sional SeCre
z, Vavuniya,
Cheddikulam, h. Vavuniya * the total land
area, Vavuniya division 31%, V/ Cheddikulam Division 20% and Vavuniya South division 10%. Vavuniya North still remains an "uncleared' area where the people were completely displaced and are yet to be re-settled.
2.3 Population
Vavuniya district is a very Sparsely populated region. After the Mullaitiwu and Kilinochchi Districts, Vavuniya is the least populated district in the NEP The population, according to the 1981 Census of Population 95,468 — about 5% of the total population of all districts in the NEP After a period of slow growth in the 1970s and 1980s, the estimated mid year population increased from 107,000 in 1986 to 112,000 in 1989 and remained virtually stable around 115,000 during 1992-94. (see Table 2 (b) Thereafter it increased
to 121,000 in 1995; during the ten
year period 1986 - 95, the total population increased by only 12%.
2.4 Distribution of
Population
Population Concentration varies considerably as between the Divisional Secretariat Divisions. According to information collected by the Divisional Secretaries in 1997, there were altogether 29,371 families and a total population of 121,278 in the district. Of this total population, which also included those who migrated from other districts following civil distur

Page 24
Table 2 (a)
Area of the District According to th
Divisional Secretariat Divisions
DS Division Land Area Excluding Percentage Large Inla Inland Water Area Sq. Km. Water
Vavuniya 609.7 31.0 -
Vavuniya South 188.5 9.6
W/Cheddikulan 399.1 20.3
Vavuniya North 769.6 39.1
Total 1,966.9 100.0
Source: Statistical hand Book, Vavuniya District, 1998
Table 2 (b)
Population Movements in Vavuniya District 1986 - 95
Year Population Growth
Thousand Rate
1986 1 O7
1987 109 1.9 1988 110 0.9
1989 112 18
1990 114 1.8
1991 114 O.9
1992 115 O.9
1993 117 1.7 1994 119 1.7
1995 121 1.7
Source: Statistical information NEPC
bances. 61% (73,896) belonged to the Vavuniya Division. This also included the population of the urban Council area. Vavuniya North had a population of 17,853 and Cheddikulam division 17,035 and Vavuniya South Division 12,494.
2.5 Population Density
Vavuniya's population density is the Second OWest in the NEP
after Mullaitivu. In the Census Year
1981, the overall density of population was 49 for sq km. It inCreased tO abOut 62 in 1995.
Within the Distric ies significantly a Secretariat Divis
the 1981 CenS
Secretariat Divis est density of 8( the Urban Coun a higher figure ( Vavuniya North density of 15 pe ble 2 (c).
Population di as Well as in ter
Classification Ca
implications fore ment. In Vavun
area covers only it carries almost
population. The comprises 80% in 420 villages. in the villages around tanks wh
the traditional ru
district. In 1997 420 villages in tl lages, (nearly 4 in the Vavuniya [ retariat Division
 

VAVUNIYAPLAN
nd || Total Land
609.7
188.5
399.1
769.6
1966.9
ct the density varImong the Several ions. According to us the Vavuniya
ion had the high
) per sq. km with cil area recording of 84 per Sq Km.
had the lowest
r sq km. See Ta
stribution spatially ms of rural urban
n have important !conomic developiya district, Urban | 21.5 sq km, but 20% of the total
2 rural population of the total, settled
Rural Settlements
had been built
ich had dominated
ral economy in the out of the total of ne district, 190 vil5%) were located Division. This Sec
gains importance
not only because it covers a large area and a large population, but
because it Contains the urban Cen
tre. The population in the Urban Council area had doubled during the last ten years or so reaching 42,225 (1997) which largely reflected the influx of people due to civil disturbances. Vavuniya North and V/ Cheddikulam Divisions had 80 and
79 villages respectively and Vavuniya South contained 71 villages.
2.5.1
In the Vavuniya District, the rural-urban differentiation is very marked in addition, this district also displays considerable geographical and physical diversity. The uneven
Spatial Aspects
distribution of populationwith a Concentration in the Vavuniya Division is also associated with a Concentration of many economic activities
in the same area.
Vavuniya division contains the largest extent of paddy land in the district (45%); in contrast Vavuniya North division has the largest land area under dense forest COver Irri
gation network in the district is heavily Concentrated in the VaVuniya Division followed by Vavuniya South and Vengalacheddikulam Divisions. Nearly 45% of the schools, half the number of school going population, and 54% of the teachers in the district are found in the Vavuniya Divi
SiOn.
Vavuniya division also has a dominant position with regard to

Page 25
VAVUNYAPLAN
Table 20)
-4-- -بي## fŽT y ». VGS
Population & Population Density by Divisional
Census Year - 1981
Population
DS Division Total Male Female
Vavuniya (DSD) 48,502 25,882 22,620 Total
1. RUra 29,990 15,607 14,383
2. Urban 18,512 10,275 8,337
Vavuniya South
Total 14,036 7,472 6,564
1. Rural 14,036 7,472 6,564
V/Cheddikulam
Total 21,227 11,060 10,167
1 Rura 21,227 11,060 10,167
Vavuniya North
Total 11,663 6,392 5,271
1. Rural 11,663 6,392 5,271
District Total 95,428 50,806 44,622
1. Rural 76,916 40,31 36,385
2. Urban 18,512 10,275 8,237
Source: Dept., of Census & Statistics (Statistical Hand Boo
the location of important institutions such as the banks, other service institutions and government departments. It leads in the distribution of most infrastructure facilities and services, and disparity among the divisions in this respect is marked. Vavuniya North, with its population Completely displaced is also the least developed part of the district.
When a large displaced population moved into the Vavuniya district it was the Vavuniya Division and the urban centre that aCCOm
modated most of them.
2.6 EthnјCј
The district
ethnic mix With
76% Sinhalese
6,8%. Sinhale
Centrated in th
Division, and tC the W/Chedd Vavuniya North populated by T. mostly conc Cheddikulam
Tamils of up an importantsul district, represe the total popula migrated from th aftermath of rac

Secretariats
Area
Sq km Density
Per sq km
609.7 80
388.2 77
84
188.5 74
399.6 53
769.6 15
1,967.4 49
1,745.4 44
2215 84
k, VDistrict, 1998)
ty and Religion
population has an Tamils comprising 16.5% and MOOrS se are mostly cone Vavuniya South a lesser extent, in ikulam Division. is almost entirely amils. Muslims are
entrated in the
)ivision.
country origin form )-ethnic group in this nting about 15% of tion; many of them e Hill Country in the :e riots in the South
in 1977 and 1983. They also proVide most of the labour for farm work
in the district.
Hindus, religion-wise, form a majority in the district accounting for 69% of the total population. Buddhists account for 16%, Muslims 7% and Christians of all de
nominations form another 7%.
Socially and culturally, Vavuniya District, like other districts of the Wanni, has for a long time was inhabited by traditional village societies engaged in agriculture and related activities. In more recent decades, particularly after the 1950s, onacoount of political changes and Socio-economic forces the district experienced some degree of "transformation'. A Small middle class, consisting of educated professionals -largely the employees ofgOVernment institutions - traders and
businessmen, builders and Contractors has emerged. They reside mainly in the Vavuniya township.
Table 20)
Vavuniya District Estimated Population & No. of Families by DS Division 1996
DS Division កំ Pဝဖါးon
Vavuniya DSD || 18,032 73,896
Vavuniya South| 3,284 12,494
V/Cheddikulam 4,203 17,035
Vavuniya North || 4,052 17,853
Total 29,571 121,278
Source: Divisional Secretaries
(Statistical Hand Book 1998)

Page 26
in recent times, the Government agencies have begun to exert increased influence On the liveS
of the people. This was seen in most of the development efforts at the district level. While grassroots organizations and other commu
nity organizati and have to b
lead role in ma
velopmental e say in rehabilita tion programme vention of gove
 

OnS are eSSential
e encouraged, the ny of the basic deforts (needless to
tion and reconstruc
ls) requires the inter:rnmental agencies,
VAVUNYAPLAN
their deficiencies notwithstanding. This is very much evident in the Vavuniya District. This appears to be a common experience in many
Other districts toO.

Page 27
WAWUNYA, PLAN
L_Poooo !_!
LLIÈIris||pp. Þısı EIĘBuŁA[]
usingunnītuen.(sposissası Louelnytheseus douięInxxlubųoon !慧"雷ou eInAMilley uue|no}}{n!}n_s -"No\ --------! s||||E}{{#¡||E. WIĘŁA =+! |O||H|S|s] EETTŶ WOON||-|| ("7LIIẾ|r|s|u|E|E||I/E||5)亨---- /||||||ippewieųoun . || ||Pomosiolod ouitinx\riųounxissow · No |·》|『u몰n:MuEA프n운TT: ||Epis].fl.IEWI|JĘLIE IEĦĦI L +,|× 문 또|-|||E|r|s|ss||||Ė|LIỄN *|× ridsinulspnxx|pped*ripellieu|MeNo---- uleinssexuenea :-)_■ *-r ~, s'] ], |, spells, IuèXunpęNLIEIn Aussel exeưey.| —)| redniowsripeufgāņē& .******* 1ɔIHISIGITAILLI, Tīns (o| -}
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Page 28
„LO IH JH5III EIGHT"TŴŴŶŶNIH), /
S
M
966 I NOIJIWTIT, IO, I CICH LWIWIJLSGH (Y SNOISIAICI " S " (I Z ďIVIA,
 

WUNYAPLAN
모
ܧܫ 2 : . . . 乳 ”|堡。麦瑟 3 g g g : w 事 事 豪 晏
S S. S. S. 註
O
NA I ENN 羲
匯翡劃

Page 29
VAVUNYAPLAN
3. 1 Sectoral CO
Production
The economy predominantly agric tion of Paddy, Oth Livestock Farming Island Fisheries ar.
ponents of the agr
Industrial and S
also make a signific to the overall prod
trict. Industries are
and cottage indu linked to crop agr ing and similar pr
SerViCeS SeCtOf COI
Transport and Ba support the comm sectors and provic a significant num ployed population.
3.1.1 Agricultur and Other
The Contributic
to the overall pro about 40 percent any major develc the Vavunyia Dis adequate priority t related activities.
In the Vavuniy a total land area
40 percent is use activities. Anothe
forests, both nat plantations. It is it that though total Consisted of 77, (
more than half of
 
 
 

imposition of
Of the district is
cultural. Cultiva
her Field Crops, J, Forestry and e the main COm
icultural Sector.
service activities
cant contribution
uction in the dis
mainly the small ustries, closely iculture, quarryimary activities. nsisting of Trade, nking, basically odity producing le a liVelihOOC tO
ber Of the em
e: Paddy Field Crops
on of agriculture duction may be ... It follows that
opment effort in trict should give o agriculture and
a district, Out of of 196,700 Ha, d for agricultural er 43% is under
ural and forest
mportant to note agricultural land )30 Ha, a little a this (44,150)
is classified as Sparsely Cultivated Highland. Paddy, the dominant crop of the district, covers 20,010 Ha... which is about 10% of the total
land area, and one fourth of the total agricultural land use.
According to the Population Census of 1981, 28,246 persons accounting for 30 percent of the total population of the district were classified as employed. Out of the total thus employed, 62 percent were engaged in activities described as Agriculture, Livestock and forestry. Furthermore, this group consisted of 86 percent male and 14 percent females.
Paddy is cultivated both under rain-fed condition and under irrigation based on major/medium and minor tanks. Cultivation is under
taken mostly in the Maha season with the start of monsoon rains. Of
the total extent devoted to paddy 4590 Ha (22 percent) is cultivated under rain-fed Condition, 11370 Ha. (56 percent) is irrigated under minor tanks and 5370 Ha (24 percent) is cultivated under major tank
irrigation.
In the past decade or so, paddy production in the district suffered partly due to adverse weather Conditions and partly on account of the unsettled conditions resulting from the ethnic Conflict. The extent Cultivated has fluctuated erratically and no steady trend was maintained. Paddy production in the district, like elsewhere, also had to

Page 30
face problems of rising costs of inputs which contributed to declining producer margins.
Along with paddy, the Other Field crops also find an important place in the district agricultural production. Cultivated as highland crops, other field crops such as black gram, green gram, groundnuts, COWpea, onion, chilliand vegetables occupy about 9870 Ha. It is worthy of note that blackgram production in the district had in the past contributed to about 40% of total national production. In the field crop sector there are possibilities of greater processing and value addition which have not
been fully exploited. This is also the case with regard to horticulture production involving banana, lime, mango, orange and papaw which are grown, mainly in homesteads. This sub sector provides a base for agro industry, yet to be exploited on a commercially significant Scale.
The case for a diversified crop production in place of the one dominated by paddy is made much stronger now than ever before.
3.1.1.1 Marketing
Marketing of paddy, and other agricultural produce and Supply of seed paddy and other inputs to agriculturists are activities not effectively serviced. The Paddy marketing Board, and the CWE are marketing institutions that were functioning in the district. Paddy Marketing Board has, however, almost ceased to operate and pri
10
Vate SeCtOr is r
paddy marketin paddy. Now mos of other agricult agricultural inputs hands. The disr
the Civil disturba
adverse impact C ices both in the go
Vate SectOrS.
3.1.2 Livestock
Livestock far
vides a supplem income, has bee an integral part nomic system in grated with crop stock farming cal nOmniC We || be
households. Thi
animal protein,
and manure for
interdependence been neglected tion of chemicalf
vest cropland, ta
eas and foreStre
an eXtensive liv
the district. Dai
farming and pou activities in the
The district had a
lation of about
population of 14 poultry (1990). erage milk p 350,000 litres. W tle population, th agement system
Stock did not Co
production in tl
 
 
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
OW dominant in
g and milling of tofthe marketing ural produce and s is also in private uption caused by
nCeS has had an
in marketing serv)vernmentand pri
ming, Which proentary source of n for a long time of the rural eco
the di StriCt. Inte
| production, liven support the ecoing of the rural s sector provides draught animals
Cultivation - this
e appears to have With the introduc
ertilizer, POSt-har
nk Catchment ar
serves supported astock farming in ry farming, goat ultry are the main
Livestock Sector.
a total cattle popu
52,000, a goat OOO and 100,000 The monthly av
roduction was
With the large cat1e eXtensive man
with indigenous ntribute to higher niS Sector. Inad
equate support services for animal health care, lack of adequate marketing facilities and rising cost of feed (eg. Poultry) have affected production levels in this sector. The civil disturbances and resultinguncertainties and displacement of people too had an adverse impact On the Livestock sector. In particularthe production and collection of, milk has been badly affected.
3.1.3 Fisheries:
Fresh MVater Fisheries
Though nota large sector, fishing is undertaken in the majorkmedium tankS in the district. ltiS COn
centrated in the Vavuniya South
and Cheddikulam Divisions. Even though marine fish is preferrecto fresh water fish, the latter has a demand among the low income sections because it is cheaper, in the Vavuniya South and Cheddikulam Divisions, the estimated tank fish production was 705
mt. in 1990 and it declined to 355
mt. in 1996. This activity also takes place in the major tanks in the Vavuniya North Division but it could have Come to a standstill with the
security operations. Fresh water fishing activity can be extended if supporting facilities in the form of assistance for purchase of fishing gear and breeding centres is provided. There are already about 340 fishermen engaged in this activity and more can be engaged if adequate supporting facilities are given through the Fisherman's Cooperatives.

Page 31
VAVUNYAPLAN
3.1.4 Industries
The districts industrial activities, largely centred around small scale industrial units are an important part of the economy, even though the district still has no large industrial base. There were 324
medium and Small industrial units in
1997 which provided employment to about 2,529 persons (see Table 3 (a). In the district, the civil disturbanCes have affected industrial aCtivity and there is an urgent need to rehabilitate the damaged units and reactivate the medium and Small
scale enterprises.
The types of small scale industrial activities in the district relate mainly to agro industries, light engineering, welding, Carpentry, bakeries, food processing, packeting, grinding mills, metal crushing, electrical work and garments. Most of these are labour intensive indus
tries. The district has long been
famous for its rice mills which may :
be Considered as the most SuC
cessful private enterprise establishments. Many of the rice mills are medium scale enterprises using high value machinery and employing wage-labour. Information available indicated that 22 medium
sized rice mills had a total invest
ment of nearly Rs. 150 million with an employment capacity of about 700. At present 12 rice mills are not in production and financial incentives may be necessary to get them all back into production. For
these Mills (22), t
due to Civi di S
RS.50 million and
may involve a furt
Table 3(a)
N
S.No.
O1 Quarryir
O2 Dairy Pi
O3 Grain M
O4 Bakery
O5 ObalCCC
O6 Made-u
O7 Builders
O8 Articles
O9 Casting
1O Structu
Agricult
2 Televisi
13 Furnitu
14 Jewelle
15 Printing
6 Garage
17 Studio,
8 Light Ei
19 Rice Mi
20 Garme
21 Packing
22 Others
Total
Tota E
Source: Industrial

he estimated loss Rs. 25 million. As the Table 3 (a) ;turban Ces WaS suggests, light engineering, their reactivation packeting of processed food, jewther cost of nearly ellery, radio and television repairs
Medium & Sma Industries-Sub Sector
Vavuniya District - 1997
industrial Group
No. of
Establishments
ng of Stone, Sand & Clay 23
Oducts 13
iProducts 16
Products 15
Products 12
p Textile Articles Except Apparel 2O
Carpentry & Ironing es 2O
of Concrete & Cement 08
Iron & Steel O2
a Metal Products O5
ural & Forestry Machinery O3
on, Radio Receivable, Sound of Video Recording 5
e O7
ry 21
Works 08
S O9
11
ngineering 16
47
nt Factory (BO) O2
& Distribution of Spices 30
2 -
324
mployment 2,529
Development Board, Regional Office, Vavuniya
11

Page 32
and video service, carpentry and steel work, made-up textiles, bakery products, grain milling, quarrying and Sand and clay Work provide the most opportunities for Small Scale industrial activity, some of them are Cottage type and self employment oriented units. A number of such small industrial
units were adversely affected during the disturbances. Financial inCentives in the form of loans on
concessionary terms can help to reactivate these units.
3.1.4.1 Industrial Estate
An industrial estate was set up in 1992 in the di Stri Ct in
Poonthoddam, about three km. from the town, to promote the es
tablishment of Small Scale indus
trial units. But this has not yet become operational since most of the infrastructure facilities: water Supply, electricity, drainage and boundary fences and access roads have not been completed. Also, matters about the lease of sites to prospective industrialists have not been speedily and satisfactory resolved.
At the moment only a small number of industrialists opted to set up their establishments, partly also because of uncertainties that
still cloud the investment climate.
The Industrial Development Board (IDB) which was expected to act as a catalyst has not been able to play an active role, partly because of administrative prob
12
lems and partly equate funds an that of technical
should be provic
funds and facili
its institutional (
pacity building IDB to play an promoting small tablishments thro
as identification
(eg. agro indus feasibility studies tancy services t or prospective trepreneurial tra for self-employn ket potential a
Services.
There is als
mental agency, ment Of Small| |r
Vides SOme tra
gaged in smalls tivity, Such as, C du Ction furnit
Within the dis
ment’s activitie
purview of the D
and the DirectO
the NEP. There ||
partment of Sm motion of induS
production mar!
The Se activit
planned and c agency with g geared to the ne
AS far as Sr
Sector in the dis
 

due to lack of ad
d staff, particularly OfficerS. The DB
ded with adequate ties to strengthen capacity. Such ca
Should enable the
nore active role in
SCale industriales
Dugh activities such
of raw materials
tries), conducting S, providing ConsulO the industrialists
entrepreneurs, enaining and training ment, study of mar
nd other support
o another governnamely the DepartIndustry, which pro
aining and is en
Scale industrial aC
carpentry, and pro
ure and textiles.
trict, this depart
S COme Within the
ivisional Secretary , Small Industry of is a role for the De
all Industry in protrial development, ceting and training. ies have tO be
arried out by this reater efficiency, seeds of the district.
mall scale industry strict is Concerned,
VAVUNIYA PLAN
there is a substantial private sector involvement in the past and it will continue to be the same in the future as well. With this perspective, the main approach should be to promote the involvement of private enterprise in industrial development through necessary institutional Support, financial incentives and other measures. The support of other private sector and non governmental organisations can also be mobilized for this purpose.
3.1.5 Trade and Services
ACCording to available statistics (1981), Trade and Service sectors together accounted for 16% of the total employment in the district. Trade and service activities réve
developed extensively, mainly centred in and around the Vavuniya township. The activities in the two Sub-sectors are largely dominated by the private sector. Because of the central location of the Vavuniya Township, vis-a-vis the neighouring districts in the north and South and
the road and railway linkages, a thriving trade and commercial centre had developed in the district with several trading and business establishments owned and operated by private entrepreneurs. A wide range of trade and business activities, wholesale and retail, involving vegetables, consumer goods, grocery items, textiles pharmaceuticals, hardware, building materials, confectionery, restaurants and eating houses are

Page 33
VAVUNYAPLAN
carried on in the town centre. The employment potential of this sector too is fairly high.
The Civil disturbances had an
adverse effect On this Sector aS
well. However, with the restoration
of normalcy and return to a more
stable security situation there was a significant revival of trading and business activity. With 'open economy" and "free markeť policies - helped by a large influx of people from the northern districts which acted as a strong market incentive - trade and business activity revived and from about 1996 it had returned to, perhaps, 75 to 80 percent of the pre-1990 level. There are, however, Still Constraints operating on this sector. Long distance lorry transport has been badly disrupted, which sustained a major part of the trading and business activity in the township. One cannot say with certainty as to when this will return to normal levels. There may still be some trading and commercial establishments which will have to be
reactivated, and traders and businessmen expect a more favourable business climate' free from security risks and other constraints. The formation Of an umbrella organization representing industrialists, traders and businessmen will institutionally strengthen both industry, and trade and services Sectors and action should be initiated towards realizing this objective.
3.1.5.1 Banks
Vavuniya Dis efit of a Well esta
Cial Bank netwo
the Urban Cent
bankS: the Bank People's Bank a ing private se Hatton National
Seylan Bank, ar Bank are represt branch offices.
Banking busi benefited muc movement of pe flict affected are:
ticularly positive
sation of deposi
was no corresp. in credit operati parts of the Cou trepreneurs anc enCe diffiCulties
promptly and a from the banking that many farm 90 percent of thc from the banks
repayments at C helped. Even oth OWers find it dif stringent colate ria adopted by banks. However,
more active in t
cause it has a g Sion and monitor
Since Credit, ture and non ag cal requirement

trict has the ben
Iblished Commer
k based mainly in re. The two State of Ceylon and the Swell as the lead
Ctor bankS: the Bank (HNB), the d the Commercial 2nted through their
ness of the district
h from the large ople from the conas. This had a par: effect On mobili
tS. However there Onding expansion Ons. Like in Other ntry, the small end farmers experiin obtaining credit reasonable COSt system. The fact
ers - as many as pse who borrowed
defaulted on their ne stage has not er prospective boricult to confirm to
al and other Critethe commercial the HNB has been, he credit area be
ood loan superviing system.
both for agriculriculture is a Critifor reviving eco
nomic activities, the banks may have to be encouraged to devise special schemes to assist the prospective borrowers without compromising their own financial stability. The banks themselves will stand to gain if economic activities in the district expand. Specific credit requirements in the District have been identified in Chapters 5 and 6.
3.1.5.2 Thrift and Credit
Co-operative Societies (TCCS)
The Thrift and Credit Cooperative Societies (TCCS) in the district operate at the village level and such institutions can play a useful role in assisting small scale economic activities. There were altogether 107 such branch societies operating in 1997 in the Vavuniya District (the cleared area) with a membership of 3803. The large number of societies and corresponding majority membership are to be found in the Vavuniya Division. These institutions operating at the village level undertake lending only on a very modest Scale because of the inadequacy of funds. Since they operate at the village level and can establish links with Small scale economic activities, they can be made to play a more active role as providers of credit. TCCS can be brought into a special scheme underwhichtheirfinancial base can be strengthened to operate a special revolving fund.
13

Page 34
3.? ECOsOssisSls'Glls
Being a relatively backward district in the country, Vavuniya's infrastructure facilities, reflected several inadequacies even prior to the disturbances. This has been made worse with the disruption caused by the civil disturbances. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rehabilitate, reconstruct and improve such
facilities and some of this work has already been done through the Ongoing programmes operated in the district Since 1995.
3.2.1 Irrigation
There are twenty three (23) Medium tanks, and one (1) major tank in the district of which 12 tanks are in the Vavuniya Division and 6 are in the Vavuniya South Division; Vengala, Cheddikulam and Vavuniya North Division respectively have 4 and 2 tanks. The Major scheme and 5 Medium schemes located on Inter-Provincial rivers, come within the purview of Central authorities. The North East Provincial Irrigation Department is responsible for all other medium schemeson provincial riv
ers. Minor tanks operate under the
district level authority: the Assistant Commissioner of Agrarian Services. There are 730 Minor Tanks in the district of Which 554 are working tanks and 176 have been abandoned. Here again about a little more than half the number of total tanks (working and abandoned) are in the Vavuniya
14
Division. The Mi
irrigation of mor paddy lands wh dium tankS irr
fOurth Of the tot
Apart from th that have been
mOreare in a Sta neglect. Theref Or ren Ovation O
rigation system prove the perfor Sector.
The lack of n irrigation net wC led the deteriora schemes. Irriga sisting of head Other Structure
roads Connectil to be improved a tained. Althougl partment has t bility, it is const of funds.
The renov:
maintenanCe O
WOrk will enhan water holding tanks. Farmer
eration and má encouraged so important stake -Sector. Tank ir
should find an i
the district's re Construction prc mentioning that already initiated Sistance to reha
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
OranKS Support
than 50% of the
ile the major/megate about one Il paddy land.
e 138 minor tanks abandoned, many te of disrepair and Dre the restoration
the minor tank ir
is essential tO immance of the Crop
haintenance of the )rk in the past has tion of Some of the
tiOn net WOrk COnfra
Works, Canals and is as well as the ng them will have and regularly mainn the irrigation dene technical capaained by shortage
ation and proper f the irrigation net Ce the storage and
capacity of the participation in opintenance Can be that they become -holders in this Sub igation, therefore, nportance place in habilitation and regramme. It is worth he World Bank has a programme of aspilitate the irrigation
schemes in the NEP and Vavuniya.
But there will be no overlap between this and the irrigation project com ponents now being suggested for the district.
3.2.2 Roads
The district has a total road net work of approximately 1695 km. In this total road net-work, A and B class roads, (National Highways),
Come to 183 km. These are under the purview of Road Development Authority. The C and D class roads, not all of them tarred and metalled, consist of 302 km. and are managed by Road Development Department. Many of these roads are used as bus routes and connect, village settlements áhd interior locations. Approximately 30,000 people are reported to be using these roads. These roads are in general badly maintained. Funding is inadequate for such work at
present. Gravel roads in particular
become impassable during the rainy
SeaSO.
The bulk of the district's road network comes within the purview of local authorities, the Pradsheeya Sabhas. These Pradheeya Sabha roads, consisting of a little over 1000 km in length account for 62% of the total road net Work in the district. Such rural roads Cover extensive areas in the district linking most of the interior and remote parts of the district. Only a few of them are tarred and metalled, are frequently sub

Page 35
WAVUNIYAPLAN
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Page 36
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Page 37
VAVUNYAPLAN
ject to damage and suffer due to neglect and bad maintenance, many of them also become impassable during rainy season. There are about 25 km. of agricultural roads managed by Assistant Commissioner of Agrarian Services, which link agricultural settlements and minor tanks. There are, in addition, approximately 75 km of colonization roads, coming within the purview of the Land Commissioner, but maintained by the Road Development Depart
ment.
In the rehabilitation and improvement oftheroad net work, important consideration should be given to rural roads and other roads that serve as bus routes and provide access to remote and SCat
tered villages in the district.
lmproved road net work can contribute to better mobility of peo
ple including those in the newly re
Settled villages and open up opportunities for economic activities.
3.2.3 Electricity
In the Vavuniya district there is a reasonably good supply of electricity in the town and surrounding areas. Of the total number of Con
Sumers of electricity in 1997 nearly 78% are classified as domestic us
ers. However some of the electric
ity classified as domestic may be going into other uses as well.
While about half of the urban
residents have electricity, only 7% of the rural households have this
facility - a percent be much below th
age of 44%.ACCO data, supply of el
only about 16%
dents. There is, t
to increase the at ity. So far Rural the district has
well. Especially, v resettlement prC
cated and resettle
sion of supplies,
tial. Electricity is a tor in Agriculture Self Employment tation of damage COmmercial esta
Other Small enter
3.2.4 Transpor
COnnuni
The State of
port in the distric
deal to be desire
passenger trans by a Peopleised depleted fleet of internal public t provided by the pany is largely main routes, it is other respects.
Private passe
even Worse With
buses. The pub plemented by pl
Service Should
better footing tha
In contrast, F up to Vavuniya h

tage reported to
ne national aver
rding to available ectricity reaches of the total resi
herefore, a need
cCess to electric
electrification in
not progressed with the on-going grammes (relod villages) exten
becomes essen
also a Critical fac
Rural Industry/ activity, rehabili
2d or abandoned
ablishments and
prises.
and
cations
the public transct leaves a great ed. Today public port is managed Company with a buses. While the
ransport service Peopalized Comlimited to a few unsatisfactory in
nger transport is inadequate mini lic transport sup
rivate mini - buS
be put on much an at present.
Railway transport
as been restored
and is reasonably satisfactory. The Vavuniya – Colombo service is now available even though there are still many shortcomings. Vavuniya, because of its strategic location was once the focal point of a flourishing private lorry transport service. But the situation is different
nOW. Ethnic disturbances and un
stable security situation has disrupted to some extent this private lorry transport service. However, Vavuniya town is still a busy trade and business centre. Vavuniya has a reasonably reliable telecommunications network, though very limited in COverage. At present, Sri Lanka TeleCom has launched an
extended telecommunications
service which will have a greater impact. The district has witnessed a sudden increase in the number
of private telecommunication centres, largely patronized by the displaced population from the other districts. Thus, Vavuniya district is Wellinked with other districts in the
south and especially Colombo, and this gives the district certain advantages.
3.3 Social Infrastructure
Social infrastructure facilities
are not well developed in the district, and Social infrastructure Sectors have also been badly affected by the civil disturbances.
17

Page 38
3.3.1 Education
The adverse impact of the civil disturbances such as the displacement Of families and the influX Of
refugee population into the district, has placed a great burden on the educational institutions in the di S
trict.
Student population in the district has increased from 20,561 in 1992 to 35,165 in 1996, which is about 33% of the population. Out of the 189 schools, only 178 schools are functioning. Even out of these only 93 are housed in their Own premises. The other 85 schools are housed in temporary sheds.
Nearly 10,000 displaced students came to the district and they had to be accommodated in the existing schools. This led to overcrowding, shortage of school furniture and other facilities in the
Schools. Meanwhile about 75% of the displaced children came from Welfare Centres where living Conditions were unsatisfactory. Thus the school system and its facilities are strained to the utmost in coping with problems of providing education in this Crisis situation.
The Situation in un Cleared areas was even worse. Though schools are functioning in the uncleared areas many of them are doing so in make-shift shelters and other buildings. About 73 schools are said to be functioning in temporary sheds. Shortage of school furniture, educational equipment,
18
and insecurity
environment W.
disturbed the C
in the uncleare
There are 1
the Vavuniya only 5 are of egory. The larg 71 percent ar egory. The a Teacher Ratio
316. This is m
national ratio O
the ratio for the
tion of Schools
Sub-divisions O
relevant Stude
are ShoWnin Ta tistics suggest siderable varia
facilities within
With the |lar of displaced f system was si able strain. E
WaSa Owen
from the Conf
district, the pr of teachers pe tributed to the - only 59 регc number of tea
able in the Sc
In the Cont
arising from bances, the sc
district has S
damage or de infrastructure
ture, laborator
 

WAVUNIYAPLAN
and affected home puld have seriously uality of education d area as well.
89 schools serving District. Of these,
Grade || — AB Cat
|e majority - about e in Grade 3 cat
verage Student/ for the District is
uch higher than the f 24.2 which is also
NEP The distribu
among the different f the district and the
2nt/Teacher Ratios ble 3 (b). These stathat there is a COn
tion in educational
the district.
ge influx of children amilies, the school ubject to considerven though there ent of teachers also
lict areas into the
oblem of shortage rSisted. This is at
initial understaffing ent of the required chers being availhools.
ext of the problems of the civil distur:hool system in the uffered by way of Struction to School
class rooms, furnies, assembly halls,
School buildings, electricity water supply and toilets. Most of these will have to be restored Or
rehabilitated if the district School
system is to be brought back to its former leveland improved. This rehabilitation not only deals with Schools infrastructure, but also with the improvement of the quality of education in the next three to four
years in the cleared area to begin With
quality improvement, teacher development in primary and secondary education, Curriculum development, non-formal education-which is also linked to voca
tional training and skills acquisition are all important maters which have been highlighted in the education sector reports both at the district and provincial levels. All these will require substantial financial Outlays.
Technical education facilities
at the tertiary level are not available in the district. The earlier proposal for the setting up of a Technical College for Vavuniya should be pursued actively, to be set up preferably with foreign funding. The district also has limited opportunities for higher education. There is a teacher training institution - the College of Education situated in the district.
There is also the recently established Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna (successor to the formerAffiliated University Col

Page 39
VAVUNYAPLAN
lege) catering to limited needs of higher education. In recent years, the demand for higher education has shown an increase in the Wanni region. These demands will have to be met by increasing the facilities for higher education within the district as faras possible. The tertiary level institutions in the district can also provide more extension and skill development courses to benefit the School leaverS.
3.3.2 Health and Sanitation
Health and Sanitation facilities
in the district have been inad
Table 3 (b)
equate to meet district popula Came under Sev
Case of educatio
bers of refuge urban area in t
Sion had to tak
of the burden
50,000 addition
In the case
tation in the distr
lation appears ti the rural popula the people livi where inadequa
Schools in VaV
S/No Cluster ချီ, ငှ၇ု;
1 Vavuniya DSD 48.3 3
2 V/Cheddikulam 33.O 1
3 Vavuniya North 12.4 1
4. Vavuniya South 33.0 O
5 Vavuniya District 31.6 5
Schools in VaV.
S/No Type of School Vavuniya District o
1 1 AB 3.00
2 1 C 10.00
3 17.OO
4. 70.00
Source: Statistical Hand Book, 1998

the needs of the
tion. These also
ere strain as in the
nWhen large numes mOVed in. The
he Vavuniya Divie the major share of serving nearly al people.
Df health and Sani
ict, the urbanpopuO be better of than
tion. With 80% of
ng in rural areas ate transport serv
runiya District
ices and far flung and scattered settlements can make the delivery of health Service more difficult. The intermittent internal displacement of large numbers would have exacerbated the problem.
3.3.2.1 Health
The Base Hospital (BH) in Vavuniya had some of its facilities improved in the 1990s. However, it still lacks the services of specialists in fields like Medicine, Surgery Eye and ENT. The institution also suffers from shortages of nurses and other para medical staff, mi
Grade Grade Grade Ota
1 C 3
8 15 57 83
3 6 32 42
3 6 32 42
4 5 13 22
18 32 134 189
Iniya District (%)
% North East Province % National level 96
6.20 5.10
1150 15.20
23.70 35.8O
58.60 43.90
19

Page 40
nor staff, vehicles, drugs and equipment. Despite this, the Base Hospital has the responsibility to Serve the referrals from other in
Stitutions and transferees from
Other districts in the North.
In this situation the arrival of displaced persons in large numbers in the District led to a Substantial in
Crease in OPD attendance as well as Bed-Days of in-patients. The institutions now has to Cope with these increased demands for which it has hardly any capacity in terms of personnel, equipment and drugs. Such increased demands may continue for many more years.
A similar situation exists in the Vavuniya District's preventive medicine Side. Here too the absence of adequate health staff and transport facilities has prevented adequate coverage and effectiveness of maternal and child health care Services, including child immunization programmes. The increasing incidence of Malaria in the district is a separate problem which needs additional resources. In 1977, 10 deaths due to Malaria have been reported. Needless to say that the increased demands on preventive services resulting from arrival of refugees and displaced persons has compounded the already severe problems for the health authorities.
One further problem encountered by the health authorities is the low educational level and low
20
public awarene district Which r
get the Co-ope dents to imple
programmes.
The district
also now have
sponsibility of refugee camps through their teams. In the d
Welfare Centres
2856 families. T of the people, p. and children, ar ditions prevailir give riseto con
The Heaths
needs to be rev
curative and pri the Curative side
B. H have tO bé proved. Staffs for specialists categories, infra to provide for units and stafa equipment for treatment will be
ments. Some O quirements of c as well in the d
On the prev diate attenti O strengthen ant the district for v
cilities will be
ment in Staff Str para-medical pe extending pris
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
ss prevailing in the hakes it difficult to
ration of the resi
ment SOme Of the
health authorities
an additional relooking after the Or Welfare Centres
mobile medi Cal
istrict there are 12 with approximately he health problems articularly mothers dthe sanitary Conng in these places
Cen.
sector in the district amped both on the eventive sides. On
e the facilities in the
2 substantially imtrength, especially ervices and other
astructural facilities
additional Service
cCommodation and
hospital use and the major requiref these relate to rether hospital units Strict.
æntive side, immen is required to i-malarial Work in
thich additional faequired. Improveength in relation to rsonnel will help in hary health care,
maternal and child Care. In this respect, the training facilities for field health Workers and other para-medical personnel and necessary teaching aids/equipment can make a contribution to strengthening the preventive aspects. In this connection, infrastructure facilities Such as Staff accommodation and transport facilities may have to be included (details of proposals will be given in the section on Programme Framework and Cost).
3.3.2.2 Sanitation
The availability of safe drinking water and good sanitation are two of the most basic requirements of the people. It was reported tfat according to the 1981 census, only 6% of the district population had pipe borne water supply and a larged majority (74%) used wells and 13% of them were unprotected. It was further observed that in 1983 only 2% of the households in the district had flush toilets and 3.8%
had water Sealed toilets.
It is likely that the over time, situation would have changed for the better with increasing number of households having pipe-borne Water, and water sealed toilets. This may apply to the town and surrounding areas. In the rural areas, tube Wells and shallow wells (though unprotected) have inCreasingly met the water supply needs of the people. However, it has been reported that water-borne

Page 41
WAWUNIYA PLAN
diseases have been on the in
crease in the district which may be due to environmental pollution, water contamination and inad
equate basic sanitation in the households. According to Vavuniya MOH office, about 12000 families have no latrine facilities and the
subsidy of Rs. 3000 given to a family to build latrines is not adequate. This important task remains to be Completed.
In recent years, environmental health and Samitation have de
teriorated, with a Sudden increase in numbers and improper disposal of solid and liquid waste posing serious hazards. The poor management of Solid waste, particularly in the Vavunia town where garbage and industrial waste are often thrown into drains and open spaces where these become breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The GTZ has already been associated with the town water supply from 1995 providing assistance amounting to about Rs. 20 million. Today the same donor is assisting the Vater Supply and Sanitation Project' in dealing with waste disposal and solid waste management by turning garbage into Compost. This project is based in the town area which has no proper drainage system at present.
3.3.2.3 Housing
Prior to the recent influx of the
displaced population from the northern districts, urban area COn
sisted mainly of ters built for gove
This is due to the
the governmen
residents Of Othe
these houses/du
used to acCOmm
people who cam as refugees. Hov creasing demanc prices and hous denly escalated
town area. This
the preference ol grants to reside
itself. Although (
Sector was relu
housing as a gC the Context of a
mand, private ir cially the middl Vested in housir
Some extent eithe
or for renting out
Although mo houses, these d ties like toilets, electricity. The 19 nomic Survey, s total housing in V had a permanet
balance: 86% of
semi-permane
Structures with
walls and roofs c
It was further no
houses had flus
had water seale
15% of the hOUSE
to proper water according to the

houses or quarrnment Servants.
fact that many of
t SerVantS Were
er districts. Today arters have been
odate Some of the
e into the districts
wever, with the in| for housing, land e rents have Sud
in and around the
is connected with the displaced mi
in the tOW'n area organised private Ctant to COnsider
bod investment in
n increase in de
dividuals - espee class - has inng Construction to Sr for their OWn uSe
st families Owned
id not have facili
water Supply and 986/87 SOCio-ECO
shows that of the lavuniya only 14% ht Structures. The
the hOUSeS Were
nt or temporary mud floors, brick of straw or cadjan. ted that 7% of the
h toilets and 34%
d toilets, and only eholds had access
facilities. Further
same source, only
a very limited number of the . houses had pipe-borne water Supply. Electricity supply reached only 18% of the houses.
It has been recognised that housing has become one of the pressing problems in the district.
Prior to 1995, assistance was
given under different housing programmes for construction of new houses and repair of damaged Ones. Under the 1.5 Million Housing Programme, during 1992/93 - 1994/95, Government provided loans and grants for house building based on a monthly income criterion. A monthly income of less than Rs.700 entitled a grant of Rs. 15,000 and a loan of Rs.5000, at 6% interest. For family income between 700 and 1500 rupees a recipient was given a grant of Rs. 1500 and a loan of Rs. 15,000 at the same rate of interest. Beyond this income range, the loan . size increased to Rs.50,000 and Rs. 150,000 to income categories from 1500-5000 rupees and over 5000 rupees respectively. Under this programme the low income groups benefited. For the first two income categories, the NHDA which monitored progress, also provided training and skills in masonary and carpentry. This was aimed at reducing costs and promoting self help.
With the influx of more and more people into Vavuniya, the Government initiated an emergency housing programme in
21

Page 42
1994/95, the One Thousand Houses Programme. Under this programme steps were taken to construct 1000 housing units to meet the needs of the displaced people. The houses were to be located in the cleared areas of Vavuniya and Cheddikulam Divisions only, and the progress of this programme was satisfactory
in the 1990s, on the NHDA initiative and promotional assistance and with rehabilitation and resettlement programmes, housing Construction was almost totally linked to the relocated/resettlement villages. Housing constituted an important infrastructure component Of the reloCated/reSettled Village. The housing grant of Rs.25,000 per family was a part of the package of the resettlement programmes following the initial allowance of Rs. 7000/- for Construction of temporary huts during the first year. The NHDA has worked out the Cost estimates for a housing unit based on different type plans. The unit cost estimates amounted to Rs... 25,000, Rs.50,000 Rs. 75,000 Ο Γ Rs. 132,000 depending on the type plan. The type plan giving the lowest costestimate of Rs.25,000 provides fora one room unit, Whichis hardly sufficient. In the resettlement programmes, even providing for low cost construction, Rs.25,000 is not in adequate and the Cost of a reasonably adequate housing unit will be in the region of
22
Rs.50,000. If this grant Scheme then the COSt O significantly inci ing component Other alternative
ment the grant interest. Howeve
as in the pastma lems about reco
3.4 Service I
Broadly spe "Service-institutic riety of institutio a wide range of port or encoura promote econom Cultural advance
Such Services the
which are comm or profit-orientec where this may nant motive. In t refer largely to th
3.4.1 Co-opera
Co-operative ally involved in Sale business, I duce and supp certain productic ever, in the distric beCome rather tions. They no Consumer retail gage in any sign of agricultural m In the Vavuniya cleared area, the erative wholesale
tail Outlets in 199
 
 
 

WAVUNIYAPLAN
is acceptable, and to be continued
resettlement will
ease when hous
is included. The will be to supplewith a loan at low er, a loan Scheme, y give rise to prob
very.
Stitutions
aking, the term )ns" referSto a Vans which provide services, to Supge activities that iC SOCial and even ment. In offering ere are institutions ercially motivated , there are others not be the dOmi
his discussion we he latter category.
tives
SOCieties are usu
retail and wholemarketing of prolying inputs and nactivities. HOW
t, these have now Weak organizav ConCentrate On ng and do not enficant production rketing activities. District within the 'e were 05 co-opOutlets and 48 re
7. The total mem
bership of the Multi Purpose Cooperative Societies came to 23,613 and they employed about 147 Workers.
There was only one co-operative rural bank in the district. The civil disturbances in the region have adversely affected the activities of Co-operatives.
3.4.2 Community Based
Organizations (CBO)
There are a number of semigovernmental organizations which are set up under relevant statutory provisions and are often linked to government departments. They represent different community interests. The following are some of the more important CBOO. Rfal Development societies, engaged in Small scale capital Construction or sub- contracting work promoting village development, Farmer Organizations, involved in repairs and maintenance of minor irrigation and other farming related work, Community Development Centres involved in community improvement activity, Livestock Farmers' Co-operatives associated with milk Collection and distribution, and Women's Rural Development Societies, encouraging women's participation and employment. Important though the activities of these organizations are in promoting local institutional participation, their effective functioning has also been badly affected during the civil disturbances and they have not yet been reactivated fully

Page 43
VAVUNYA PLAN
3.4.3 Voluntary Social
Service Organizations
There are also a large number of social service organizations, which are also community-based, operating in the district. Referring to the recent period, about 19 such community based voluntary social Services institutions formed between 1994 and 1996 have been listed. Not all of them may be active, but they reflect the diverse nature of interest groups that operate in society at the district level. They, like other organizations promote interaction among groups of people and can be mobilized to meet different objectives in relation to social betterment.
3.44 Non - Governmenta Organizations
In the Vavuniya district there are many non-governmental or
ganizations which are actively en
gaged in promoting economic and social development. Sixteen such active NGOO have been listed (see-Annexure 17). These NGOO are engaged in many activities such as relief, rehabilitation/resettlement, infrastructure facilities in schools and resettlement villages, health and family planning, vocational training, and supporting income generation activity By 1997, all these NGOO had been engaged in about 63 projects with a tOta Value Of RS. 93 mi || ion. Among those listed NGOO, most
number Of activ
undertaken by t tutions. Seva La Rural Developn take a leading pl sary to note tha namely, UNHCR
Vide Considerable ing to local NG( also directly invo rehabilitation WO Foundation and ment FOUundati C Carry Out many UNHCR funding. the NGOO are CC GA at the district
be mobilized for
COn Struction an Work because O reach the benefici roots level. How tive Co-ordinatior of their work woul Order to focus Ol towards urgently and to avoid duf
ity.
3.4.5. Training
There are or ernmental or Sen and non - gove carry out or Sup skills developme deSerVe mentio enCe has alread Some of them. Th Service Council Education and Small Industry pro training of schc youth. There are tal organizations

ties have been
to Or three instinka Foundation, ent Foundation ace. It is necesforeign NGOO, and UNICEF proamount of fund) O. UNICEF is ved in relief and k. Seva Lanka Rural Develop
n were able to activities through The activities of
-ordinated by the |evel. NGOO Can rehabilitation/red development f their ability to aries at the grass ever, more effecand monitoring d be desirable in guide activities required areas
lication Of activ
Institutions
Janizations govhi-governmental, nmental, which )ort training and ht and therefore , though refer( been made to e National Youth
Department of Department of Vide avenues for Ol leaverS and
non-governmenwhich also pro
vide vocational and technical train ing to the same age category. The Community Technology and Education Centre (COMTEC) and Rural Development Foundation, as already mentioned, are also important institutions in this respect. On the government side, the programmes of the National Youth Services Council and Education Department (Non-Formal Education) are important at the district level. In 1997, a large number of youth, reported to be 3535, have participated in the various programmes of the NYSC, though not all them are related to training and acquisition of skills. Relating to the satter, the number of participants in various programmes in the same year came to about 450. Nonformaleducation programmes also provide vocational and technical training to youth and the Regional Department of Education organizes these programmes through selected schools.
Such institutions which specialize in this training activity can be mobilized to provide support for rehabilitation/resettlement and development programmes at the district level. As skill development is an essential requirement, especially for school levers and youth looking for employment, work of all or most such institutions, both in the government and non-government sectors should be effectively coordinated and guided.
23

Page 44
  

Page 45
WAVUNYAPLAN
forced to flee from their homes, families which experienced death, loss of bread winner, injury, trauma and families with children, widows and the disabled. These gave rise to special problems and had to be dealt with in an appropriate manner. At times such problems tended to be overshadowed by the needs of the vast infrastructure re
construction programmes.
ERRP II focused On the follow
ing: (i) relief to displaced and affected families/persons and compensation to victims, (ii) resettlement of displaced families/perSons with supporting means of livelihood; (iii) reconstruction of damaged/destroyed infrastructure, (iv) financial assistance to reconstruct or rebuild houses, other buildings and productive assets, and recommencing of Commercial and industrial activities and (v) vocational training to enable skill acquisition in general as well as those targeting Special groups.
The total provision of Rs. 4,195 Milli On under the E RRP || WaS di
vided among the major activities as follows:
Irrigation 36%
Roads and Bridges 12%
Railways 16%
Telecommunications 12%
Others 24%
Total 100%
(Rs. 4195 Million)
The COSt Of r
under this entir
districts) was 17,050 million was assigned n Ha C the E RRF
mented as plann tial part of the r
reSettlement ne
been met by nc programme had with the resumpt
1995.
4.4 VIRIDEP
(Vavuniy;
Rural De
Program
While ERRP
rehabilitation ar
the VIRDEP pr prepared for the at the request (
PrOVincia COu
gional Developm Ministry of Plar
and Parliamenta
a Somewhat diff
was presented Rural Developr (RDP). Vavuniy experience with 1983-86, whe
was launched wi
Sistance. Howev
not fully implem
VIRDEP is a
tegrated rural C gramme for Vavt problems cause assumption that

eSettlement alone
e programme (all
estimated at RS.
of which housing early 40 percent. been impleed, avery substaneConstruction and
2eds would have
W. However this
to be abandoned
ion of hostilities in
a Integrated velopment me)
Il ConCentrated On
ld reconstruction, ogramme (1997)
Vavuniya district,
of the North East
ncil and the Re
hent DİVİSİOn Of the
h implementation ryAffairs, adopted erent strategy. It as an Integrated ment Programme rahas had some an IRDP during n a similar project |th Vorld BankAS
'er this project Was
ented.
a post-disaster-indevelopment proIniya. It addresses d by the war on the : normalcy will re
turn soon. It is a programme for "sustainable revival and development of the rural economy" where Several Sectors are to be devel
oped in an integrated manner and the emphasis is placed on mobilization of target groups and beneficiaries, institution and capacity building, rehabilitation and resettlement, natural resources management and environmental protection. The WIREDP adopts a bottom up process for planning and implementation. This integrated development programme is based on 13 sectoral components and envisages a total estimated expenditure of Rs.662 Mn (excluding inflation and contingencies) spread over a period of seven years. It is important to note that agriculture (including related infrastructure) is given Rs.303 million ie, 46% of the total estimated expenditure. By their own admission, the authors of the report state that the amount allocated for rehabili
tation and reconstruction under VIRDEP is rather minimal and suggest that more funds be made available from other sources for this purpose. However in the programme, the amount allocated for resettlement of displaced people is nearly 100 million, which is about 15% of the total. VIRDEP will have a significant impact on the district's rural economy if implemented, even though it will have to be supplemented by a substantial expenditure On rehabilitation and reconstruction.
25

Page 46
4.5 Rehabilitation
Reconstruction and their Linkages to Development
Vavuniya had been a relatively underdeveloped district even prior to the present conflict. With the onSet of the Conflict the normal developmentactivity came to a standstill while the basis for resumption of such activities itself was destroyed to a large extent. Furthermore, additional burdens in the form of refugees and displaced persons welfare had to be borne by the district authorities. Therefore any development programme for the district needs also to provide for a "catching up" on what was lost by way of normal development activity that took place in other areas of the Country in the meantime.
On the other hand, even though reconstruction, rehabilitation, resettlement and development are identified as distinct activities for programme purposes, it may not be practical to implement them in isolation because there are mutual linkages among them.
ReConstruction need not refer to just replacement of assets damaged or destroyed. When such physical assets are reconstructed, they are made to meet the current needs which are likely to be higher than those that existed prior to destruction. Therefore within the re
habilitation and reconstruction Component, with expanded capac
26
ity, there can a cant developm
4.6 'Clear
VS Ur
The ethnic
has Created a
'Cleared' and 'u
the Vavuniya D other districts
has important regard to civil habilitation and
balanced deve
trict. In the Wa
about 45% of
main S un Clear
civil administra ment is poss Vavuniya North uncleared area
Division - thou
military sense. the tOta land a
developed reg However reset
Struction in un
have to be left
because of the
Therefore no r reconstruction programmes fc
eas are propose has its scope Cleared areas.
areas in Vavu
Cheddikulam
considered an
istration Consic
important.
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
ways be a signifient component.
ed''
cleared areas
Nar and its impact division between
ncleared areas in
strict (as well as in of the NEP) This
implications with administration, re
reconstruction and
opment in the disvuniya District still the land area re
ed Where neither
tion nor develop
ible. The entire
h Division is still an
. This Secretariat gh 'cleared' in the comprises 39% of rea and is the least
iOn in the di StriCt.
tlement and recon
cleared areas will out for the present
: Security situation. ,
major rehabilitation/
and development or the un Cleared ar
2d. The present plan
restricted to the
But newly cleared niya Division and )ivision also can be
the district admin
ers these areas as
4.7 Rehabilitation &
Resettlement
Rehabilitation and reconstrudtion activities have made progress in the district during the past five years or so, but still much remains to be done. Representatives of the residents have highlighted several important problems.
4.7.1 Major Activities:
Resettlement Programmes which are already in progress have two major components, viz, reloCation and resettlement. Reloca
tiOn invOlveS reSettlement of diSplaced families or persons in new places, called "model villages'. ReSettlement refers to resetting Of families in their former places from where they were displaced. Relocation, understandably, appears to be the more difficult undertaking. Families or persons staying in camps or welfare centres and oth
ers who had been internally dis
placed are relocated in villages or in environments with which they are unfamiliar. Relocated families
Seem tO COnsider this as a temporary' arrangement. In relocation or resettlement, the success of programmes largely depends on the availability of basic infrastructure facilities - access roads, housing, wells and other common facilities shared by a number of families - in the relocated or reSettled Villages. Such facilities are vital to make the relocated or resettled Villages habitable. These can be said

Page 47
VAVUNIYA PLAN
Box 2
Vavuniya: The Resettlement Probl
安
Out of the four Administrative Divisions in th Vavuniya Division experienced the largest influx of ( sons. The estimated number of internally (withir placed persons is 75thousand. Arrivals from other prised another 45 thousand. Thus it appears tha present population in the district fall into the displa Most of these people preferred to stay in the relativ Vavuniya Division.
Even prior to the conflict, Vavuniya Division est concentration of people within the District. Division was better endowed with Infrastructure, urban facilities.
12 Welfare Centres Were established for the displaced people, involving an expenditure of Rs year. However the general conditions of these we was not satisfactory. There was overcrowding, po absence of proper facilities for children, the sick bled. There were frequent shortages of food and o supplies. The district authorities neither had the ca resources necessary to handle a problem of thi Therefore resettlement or relocation of the inmat matter of great urgency.
*
Out of 20, 190 families identified as displac end 1997; about 14,860 have been already resettlec Therefore, if it is possible to resettle/relocate abo lies per year instead of the 500 average recorded ir backlog may be cleared in about 5 years. Annually Rs. 150 Mn. Compensation and the housing ass are outside this estimate.
to be even more vital in the Case of
relocated families, while the reset
tled families are familiar with the en
vironment, the relocated families are not and have to adapt themSelves to a new environment. When such facilities are not provided speedily, the beneficiaries may become disillusioned and the programme may fail.
4.7.2 inconne
Activiti
One other p Sufficient Or ina
generation opp members of th
cated families. II
Sons relocated
ings, particular that they are al
Some kind of in activity. Resettle

er
e District, the displaced per| district) disdistricts Comit 99% of the ed'category. ely urbanised
had the largHowever this Services and
benefit of the s. 200Mn per elfare Centres Or Sanitaiton, and the disather essential pacity northe S magnitude. es became a
ed up to the Or relocated. ut 1 000 famithe past, the this may cost istance grant
Generation
eS
roblem is the in
dequate income ortunities for the
e resettled/relo
ì the case of pern new Surround
y, it is essential ble to engage in come generation ‘rs, perhaps may
be in a better position. However, without differentiating too much between the two categories emphasis on income earning opportunities to settlers is necessary and, partly, the success of resettlement will depend on this.
herefore, it is necessary to provide some training in basic skills in, say, masonary, carpentry and other vocations in centres preferably close to resettlement villages. School leavers and youth within the resettlement families can form an important target group for such training. In addition, farming ac
tivity, Small industries, cottage in
dustries and other basic skill-re
lated activities Will have to be intro
duced and promoted.
4.7.3 Cost of Relocation and
Resettlement.
Since 1996, the district resettlement programmes have been funded by RRAN, which has now emerged as the principal agency dealing with rehabilitation/resettlement work of the northern district.
Resettlement (including relocation) of families begins with an initial financial support for a family of Rs. 7,000 for a temporary hut, Rs.5,000 including settling in allowance, a Productive Enterprise Grant (PEG) and Rs. 1,000 for implements. This is followed after one year by a housing grant of Rs.25,000 for a family. Going by the experience of the on-going programmes it is to be noted that
27

Page 48
resettlement activity also carries a large infrastructure component devoted to such requirements as jungle or land clearing, internal roads, electricity, water, education health and other community - related facilities such as community centres, co-operative shops and
Sub POSt Offices. New facilities are
required in the case relocation programmes. In the case of resettlement projects what may be required usually is reconstruction and rehabilitation of damaged or
abandoned infrastructure.
There is also an important NGO contribution (eg. UNICEF assistance for sanitation) in the resettlement programmes. In terms of past experience, the high cost
of resettlement - estimated to be
Rs. 75,000 per family is mainly due to this large infrastructure component in the package.
4.7.4 Resettlement Target
In the resettlement programmes, undertaken from about 1996, the district administration
has aimed at a resettlement tar
get (relocation included) annually of about 800 - 1000 families for the
whole districtwith significantly different numbers for the three divi
Sions of cleared area in the district.
But, on average, the number of reSettled families has been around
500 which, given the situation and problems, should be considered a reasonably satisfactory achievement. Annually the district admin
28
istration has beer
erage about Rs.5 ing compensati grants on rese though the targe expenditure has
this amount. Avai
data for the end
that there were 5
remained to be r
(a)). At the rate O year, it will take this backlog to be ing no further dis place). Within th all Or most of th
making allowanc
the total number
be cleared if re
grammes can ! 1000 families ay may cost about cluding housing
Sation.
A mOre rece
pared by the sam the COst of resett
(360 to be reloci to be resettled)
1999 at RS. 136.
cludes the Housi
ing to Rs. 34.0 M
4.7.5 Newly C
The uncleare
left out of res
grammes forunc Sons. However,
trict administrati
resettlement p 'newly clearec
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
n spending on av50 milion eXClud
on and housing ttlement, even
tted or estimated
been about twice
able district leve
of 1997 indicate
5330 families that
'esettled (Table 4 if 500 families per several years for cleared (assumplacement takes e next five years, is backlog (even
xe fOr Variation in
of families) may
settlement prope targetted for ear. Annually, this
RS. 15O Mn eX
grants & Compen
nt estimate prehe agency places ling 1011 families
ated and the rest
during the year 5 Million. This ex
ng Grant amount
Million.
leared Areas
!d area has been
settlement pro
derstandable rea
this year the dis
On has added to
rogrammes the areas within
Vavuniya division for the first time. Now the security situation in the newly cleared areas appears to be, stable and with their inclusion, the Coverage of the programme will be widened during the next two to three years.
4.7.6 Institutional Capacity ... m.
Resettlement programmes depend partly on availability of funds and partly on administraion and organizational capacity. Since this important activity deals directly with people, their attitudes, reSponses and reactions are factors
to be taken into account. The set
tlers and their families are the ma
jor beneficiaries and stakeholders in the resettlement process. Ité im– plementation involves a large number of public officials: the offi
Cials of the Rehabilitation Branch
in the Kachcheri in planning and co-ordination, the Divisional Sec
retaries and Grama Niladharis in
identification and selection of prospective settlers, and a number of other departmental officials in carrying Out various operational activities. The size and complexity of the resettlement programmes are Such that their success makes heavy demands on the organisational capacity of the public sector institutions at the district level.

Page 49
WAVUNYAPLAN
Table 4 (a):
Progress of Resettle Vavuniya Distri
Category
1.
Total Displaced up to end 1997
2.
Resettled during the year
3.
Total Resettled upto end of year
4.
Balance to be Resettled
Source: Rehabilitation Branch, Kachcheri, Vavuniya
Table 4 (b)
Tentative Estimates of Resettlement/Relocation p
Construction of temporary huts, Supply of implements, setting in allowance and productive enterprise grant
2 Infrastructure (roads, water, health, livestoc improvement, agrarian Service, tank repairs and community development)
3 Rehabilitation of damaged religious
places of worship
4 Housing Grant (No. of families to be
resettled/relocated)
Total
Source: Rehabilitation Branch, Vavuniya Kachcheri.
4.8 Rehabilitation / . as well as indust
Reconstruction establishments \ In addition to resettlement ac- in Order to regen tivities, rehabilitation/reconstruc- tially improve ec
on of public sector infrastructure the district. In assets and other productive assets present program

ment Activities , 1997 ct (cleared area)
No. of Families No. of Persons
20, 190 81,995
656 2,741
14, 860 57,268
5,330 24,268
Fund Requirement for rogramme - 1999 Summary
Vavuniya, Newly Vavuniya South Cleared Tota
& Area Cheddikulam
10,348 2,795 13,143
k
47,772 88,185 135,957
6,525 3,100 9,425
34,033 34,033 (361) (650) (1,011)
98,678 94,080 192,758
rial Or Commercial
Nil be necessary erate Or Substan
Onomic activity in this respect the Ime Will focus On
sectors such as irrigation, roads, education, health, power, agriculture, livestock, and industries. These important sectors suffered considerable distruption in this regard.
29

Page 50
5.1 District Ba
Agriculture a ties comprise Vavuniya’s ecor
the means Of liv
cent of the popt trict. The main Cr
Paddy, Other fi. and Vegetables. a Surplus produ Chillie, Onions, Vegetables and
mal PrOduCtS. Th
tivities are Fishe
Table 5(a):
Populatic
Popul
NO. Of Familie
NO. Of PerSO
NO. Of Farm
SOurCe: - StatistiC.
Table 5 (b):
Land C
1. Urban Land
2. Agriculture
3. Forest and
4. Range Lane
5. Wet Land
Source: Statistical
 
 
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
Ickground
Ind related activi
the mainstay of nomy. It provides elihood to 70 per
ulation in the Dis
ops cultivated are eld Crops (OFC) The district was
cing area in Rice,
Grain Legumes, Fruits and in Ani
e Other related aC
ries, and Forestry
5.2 Situation due to the
Conflict
5.2.1 Farming Community
In 1979, there were 12,305 farm families residing in the district. The present number is 124,627 of which 17,723 reside in Vavuniya. Population data - 1979 and 1998 is shown in Table 5(a).
5.2.2 Land and Agriculture
Land use pattern of thedistrict in 1998 is shown in Table 5 (b)
Most of the land under cultivation before the conflict was aban
doned due to displacement of
ɔn data - 1979 and 1998, Vavuniya Distric,
ation 1979 1998
S NA 32,028
S 72,951 124,627
families 12, 305 19,756
al Hand Book 1981 & 1998,Vavuniya district.
Land Use Pattern in the District.
Class Area in 1998
Extent (ha) Percentage (%)
440 O.22
Land 77,870 39.6
88,930 45.2
18,740 9.53
10,720 5.45
| Hand Book 1998, Vavuniya district

Page 51
VAVUNYAPLAN
farmers and inability to repair and maintain the irrigation tanks. Extent cultivated crop wise in 1979 and 1998 (10 Year Average) is shown in Table 5(c).
Season. The m
falls between January during monsoon. Com fall OCCurs durir
monsoon during
Table 5(c): -
Extent Cultivated Crop-Wise (10 years
C Extent cultivated Ex
rops 1973 - 1983 (ha)
Maha Yala
1. Paddy 17,995 673 5,88
2. OFC
Black gram 5,116 O1 2,8( Green Gram 168 66 3C Cowpea 367 31 2 Chilie 428 747 46 Onion O6 332 1 Groundnut 588 226 24 Kurakkan 22 2 Gingelly 705 286 13 Maize 85 17
3. Vegetable NA NA 22
Source: Statistical Hand Book 1981 & 1998, Vavuniya
5.2.3 Irrigation
There are no perennial rivers in Vavuniya. All major, minor tanks and ground water aduifers receive water through rainfall. Paddy is cultivated mainly during the maha season rainfed and supplemented with irrigation from tanks. Therefore the extent Cultivable in each tank is decided according to the availability of stored water in the tanks. There are 24 major and medium irrigation tanks, 730 minor tanks and 733 production wells available in the district.
An important feature of the dis
trict is the seasonality of rainfall
typified by one prominent season cultivation followed by a long dry
g
and May which Mean annual rai of 1977 - 1981 a
Shown in the an
Table 5 (d) -
AVaila Product
A Range
KOVilkulam
Madukanda
| Ulukkulam
Cheddikulam
Pampaimadu
Total
Source: Departi Vavuniya

|ain rainy season September and the North East Daratively low rainIg the South-West
the period of April
average)
ent cultivated
1984 - 94. VMaha - Yala
34 465
) 32 )8 18 23 30 SO 335 2 161 15 58 22 39 88 73 20
28 151
a District
can also be dry nfall for the period and 1992 - 1996 is
nexure 3 & 4
bility of ion Wells
Available in 1997
188
90
62
235
198
733
ment of Agriculture,
Vavuniya is a Dry Zone district, and classified as DL-1. Major part of the district has the Great Soil Group of Reddish Brown Earth (RBE) with some intrusion of Alluvial soils in the river bank and Regosols in some area. However Red Yellow Latasols (RYL) is found in the northern parts of the district.
Like paddy cultivation, other field crop cultivation and horticultural crops are also dependent on irrigation which ultimately depends On rainfall. 138 out of 615 minor
tanks have been abandoned and agro wells and domestic wells
have deteriorated due to the inabil
ity Offarmers to maintain them dur
ing the period of crisis.
Availability of agro wells in 1997
is shown in Table - 5 (d)
5.2.4 Livestock
Livestock combined with crop agriculture is the traditional way of farming in the district. There were about 52,000 cattle, 14,000 goats and 100,000 poultry in 1990. The monthly average milk production was 360,000 litres in 1990. These animals were allowed open grazing in post harvest paddy lands, tank catchment areas and forest reserve land. Only a small portion of the cattle population was maintained by cut and feed system. The on going War situation caused considerable damage to animal population in the district.
Livestock Population in Vavuniya District in 1980 and 1997 is given in Table - 5(e)
31

Page 52
Table 5 (e) - Livestock Population in Vavuniy
Type 1980
Milk COWS - Neat Cattle 17,511 Other COWS .. - Neat Cattle 27,575
Bulls - Neat Cattle 10,620
CalveS - Neat Cattle 20, 197
Milking Cows - Buffalo 1,137
Other COWS - Buffalo 1,087
Bulls - Buffalo 927
Calves - Buffalo 1,226
Goats - He 2,853
Goats -She 8,766
Poultry Cockbird ChiKen 16,366
Layers do 29,927
Other HenS do 19,915
Other Animals 23,327
Source: Statistical Hand Book - 1981 & 1998 Vävuniya D
5.2.5 Freshwater Fishery
Freshwater fishery activities were carried out by the Department of Fisheries (DOF) in major tanks on an experimental basis in the 1970s. The problem of drying up of majority of the tanks in Vavuniya during the dry season has been an obstacle to further progress in these activities. This sector needs to be developed in order to increase production of fish which will in turn Contribute to better nutrition of the people.
5.2.6 Agro - Based lindustries
The industrial sector is not developed in Vavuniya. There were 32 private rice mills and a pappadam mill operated by Cheddikulam MPCS in 1980. But in 1995 there were only 15 rice
32
mills operating of the rice mi large and medi been damaged Small or cottage packaging, pot gingerly oil eX reactivated. O'
dium Sized ir metal furniture
tenan Ce Of m food processin the district.
Table 5 (f) Forest Reser
Type of Forest
Forest reserve
Other State forest
Total
Source: Statisti & Forest Depar
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
a District
1997
5,665
13,025
4,045
5,610
18O
305
150
162
2,102
3,715
12,855
18,745
11, 125
14,450
iStrict
in the district. Many Ils, especially the um sized mills have
due to the war. But
e industries like food tery and carpentry, traction have been
her Small and me
du StrieS Such aS , repair and mainnotor Vehicles and g are Coming up in
- Depletion of We in the District.
Extent (Ha)
1981 1998 113,024 98,292
77,600 31,600
190,612 129,892
Cal Hand BOOk 1981 tment, Vavuniya
5.2.7 Forestry
Illicit felling of valuable trees in tank beds and bunds, crown forestland etc. is a serious problem in the district. Forest reserve is depleting at a rapid rate. Depletion of forest reserve is shown in
Table 5(f).
Reforestation programs have been implemented by the Forest Department through the Government & Non-Government Organisations in the District. There is scope for expansion of community forestry through participation of Schools and the public.
5.2.8 Infrastructure Facilities
Vavuniya was a businesş Centre for transporting agricultural products from North to South of Sri Lanka. In the 1970's convoys of lorries had carried perishables from Kilinochchi to Colombo day and night. The train service was
' operative. Telecommunication fa
cilities and power supply had been satisfactory.
The ethnic conflict prevented proper maintenance of infrastructure facilities. Roads, telecommunications and power supply have not been properly maintained. SeCurity arrangements which prevented free movement of vehicles, goods and people even after the areas Came under the Control of the Government, were not conducive to regular maintenance work.

Page 53
WAVUNYAPLAN
5.2.9 Farm Machinery and
Implements
Most of the displaced farmers lost their farm machinery and implements during the conflict. These included Four-Wheel Tractors, TWO Wheel Tractors, Water Pumps and Sprayers. With resettlement, they have to be provided with some basic implements, Water Pumps and Tractors so that they can resume their farming activities as shown in Table 5(g)
5.3 Rehabilitation Projects
Carried out by the GOSL and International Donor Community
A large number of people were displaced due to the ethnic confict in and around the district. Of
the population of 124,000, 60% have been internally displaced. Therefore need for resettlement,
rehabilitation and reconstruction is
very Crucial.
The Integrated Rural Development Project (IRDP) was launched in Vavuniya District in 1983 and suspended after three years due to the Conflict situation. This project had a planned investment of Rs.
379.4 million.
% of the total provision was actually utilized.
However, only 20
Under the Emergency Rehabilitation and ReConstruction
Project (ERRP-1) which was .
launched in 1987 based on the
framework prepared by the World Bank, funds were channeled to the
Ministry of Rehat Struction and SC
NEPC. This Was
programme comp ture, agriculture, a power, water Supp. fisheries, irrigatio tion, health and p The programme V through the N&E cil and Non Gove|
Sations. Under th
Sum of RS. 825.
vested in the dis
1994.
The second (ERRP-2) was p involving an estin 4,195 million for
bilitation and
ERRP-2 was plar mented directly th Administration Wit
Table 5(g):
Availabil
T
1. Farm Ma
- 4 WT
- 2WT - Water p - Water p - Power - Hands - Thresh
2. Impleme - Mamm - Seeder
Source: Departr

)ilitation, Recon
ocial Welfare of
a multi-Sectoral
)rising infrastrucgrarian Services, bly, Cooperatives, n, roads, educa
rivate industrieS.
was implemented
PrOVincial COLlun
rnmental Organiis project, a total
5 milion WaS intrict upto end of
ohase of ERRP
repared in 1995 nated Cost of Rs.
the district reha
econstruction.
hned to be implerough the District thout any involve
ment of the Provincial Ministry of Rehabilitation and ReConstruction.
With the establishment of the Re
Settlement and Rehabilitation Au
thority of the North (RRAN) in January 1996, the responsibility of the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the northern area has been given
to RRAN.
5.4 Problems &
Constraints on Development
Many of the villages in the district had been severely affected by the ethnic Conflict. Most of the people, particularly the farmers who
were internally displaced and
stayed in Madhu and those who moved to India have been resettled
from 1995 by the intervention of the GOVernment Of Sri Lanka.
There has been extensive
damage to public and private as
ity of Farm Machinery and implements in
Vavuniya District
Availability (Nos) . . уре . . . .:
1978 1998.
chinery .
355 31 O
95 81 bump (K.oil) 5,160 4,691 ump (Elect.) 654 422 sprayer 250 50 prayer 4,100 3,293 er O6
rtS oty 28,832 25,332
O6 11
ment of Agriculture (Extension) Vavuniya
33

Page 54
sets which should be repaired along with the resettlement programmes. Farmers have lost their shelter, cooking utensils and farming tools etc. and many of them are now resuming normal activities. Most of the seed stores, fertilizer stores and field staff quarters were also damaged.
The proposed programme ofrehabilitation and reconstruction Consists of the following sub sectors.
1. Crop Agriculture 2. Livestock
3. Freshwater Fisheries
4. Forestry 5. Agro- based Industries (This is dealt in separate section.)
5.4.1 Crop Agriculture
Farmers in the district in general, face shortage of water for Cropping and domestic use. Some of the minor and medium irrigation tanks were renovated through variOus irrigation projects in the past. Tanks are also the source of Wa
ter for the Wells that are used for domestic purpose and agriculture.
The basic problems faced by the farmers are as follows: -
5.4.1.1 Displacement of a
Large Number of Farners.
There has been displacement of farmers within the district and from Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu and Jaffnato the Vavuniya town forsecurity reasons. Most of the farmers
in Poovarasan kulam Of
34
VenkalaCheddik
not stay at hom being searched
5.4.1.2 Destr,
Alban
Prod
the F:
Even with
programmes ir Government o
reSettlerS did ni
productive ass farming activiti of the popula Ceived the as
Non-Governme
for this purpos
5.4.1.3 Shorta
Agricu the Vil
Though the riculture (DOA ment ofAgraria and Some Non
ganisations su ers, these dor ers in time. Fa til Sufficient W.
lated in the m
menCe Cuktiva also face prob tion of the trar
liSer to Cheddi
rity forces.
5.4.1.4 Disru SerVic
Farn
Earlier, the to hire four whe
Agricultural S
 

VAVUNIYAPLAN
ulam DS divisiOn do
e due to the fear of
by security forces.
oyed or doned State of
Ictive Assets of
TerS
the resettlement
nplemented by the F Sri Lanka, all the
ot receive Sufficient
;etS tO COmmenCe
es. However a part
tion resettled re
sistance of Some
2ntal Organisations
s ܒ Wa is
ge of ltural inputs in lages
Department ofAg) and the DepartIn Services (DOAS)
Governmental Or
pply seed to farmhot reach the farm
rmers also Wait unater gets accumuinor tanks to COm
tion. The farmers
lems due to restriC
sport of urea fertikulam by the secu
ption of Support es to meet the
ers' Needs
farmers were able
eel tractors from the
ervice Centres On
reasonable rates. NOW farmers
have to pay higher charges to priVate Owners. The Services are not,
available on time as a result of
which the possibility of losing the crop due to drought is higher. Lack
of Seed stores and fertilizer Stores
in each ASC area is another problem. Many of the field officers lost their motor cycles and field duarters due to the war situation in the
district.
5.4.1.5 Disruption of
Marketing Activities in the District m
The Vavuniya Wholesale Vegetable Market is managed by private traders. Farmers who have to bring their produce depená Οη traders who decide the market
price of the agricultural produce. There is no government purchasing arrangement for paddy, OFC, vegetables or milk.
5.4.1.6 Lack of Institutional
Loans for Cultivation
Most of the farmers have lost
their savings either by staying at welfare centres for long periods or not engaging in cultivation. Consequently they had defaulted on their earlier loan repayments. Therefore they are unable to obtain fresh loans.
5.4.1.7 Low Morale and
Fru Stration
Continuing tense situation and loss of lives of their kith and kin as
well as the destruction of assets

Page 55
VAVUNYAPLAN
have affected the farmers psychologically. Their attitudes have changed and they feel very insecure being administered by the seCurity forces even though they live in the "cleared area". It is important to address this problem in the rehabilitation programme.
5.4.2 Livestock
Dairy, goat and poultry farming are practiced in the district. The production capacity of the subsector has drastically declined due to the prevailing disturbances in the district. The livestock Sector has
the following constrains.
5.4.2.1 Lack of Genetically
Upgraded Cattle and Goats in the District
Though there is an appreciable population of Cattle and goat under extensive management System, the production capacity is very low due to the presence of nferior genetic content.
5.4.2.2 Damage and
Displacement
in the poultry sector, most of the commercial level poultry farms and homestead level farms Were abandoned due to loss of birds, damage to housing, displacement of people and lack of input supply and Service etc.
5.4.2.3 Inadequate Extension
and other Services
There is inadequate support stock farmers in the district. This is cue to lack of veterinary staff and the low mobility of those available.
5.4.2.4 Damag
FaCiljiti
There were t
operating in Omanthai, Chec
Two stud centre
in late 1980's.
Stud Centre is
vate building. Ho policy of the DO, artificial breeding maintaining stud Studs will be is
farmers for up Stock.
5.4.2.5 lnadeq
Facilitie
The presentr for inputs as we other livestock p. equate. There a ing Centres prese There was a goc collecting centr During that time at Vavuniya tow tre WaS uSi Medawachchiya Sold their milik d
lecting centres.
5.4.2.6 Inadeqi of Lives
District
The animalfe
from Colombo
Various local out
The animal feec
established in th

e to Breeding
eS
hree Stud Centres
Mamadu Wa
dikulam in 1980.
s were damaged The Mamadwua
Dperating in a priwever the present APH is to promote programme than
Centres. HOWever
Sued to livestock
grading of their
uate Marketing
S
marketing facilities ell as for milk and
products are inad
reno milk Collect
2ntly in the district. )d net WOrk Of milk
'es before 1983.
the milk Collected
In COllection Cen
ually sent to a. Dairy farmers irectly to milk col
Iate Production
fock Feed in the
eed is transported and marketed by lets in the district.
| industry is to be e district.
5.4.3 Freshwater
Fishery
5.4.3.1 Seasonal Loss of
Employment
Inland fishermen face the problem of not having continuous employment right round the year. Most of the minor tanks get dried up during the months of June - September. Only 3 or 4 major tanks have sufficient water for fish growing throughout the year.
5.4.3.2 Absence of a Breeding
Station
There is no breeding station for fresh water fish in the district. The supply offingerlings is limited and other extension work is also Cur
tailed in the district. Very recently a Fisheries Inspector has been posted to Vavuniya district. There is a shortage of extension officers and lack of mobility.
5.4.4 Forestry
The Forestry sub sector has the following problems:
5.4.4.1 Excessive Felling of
Trees
Continued felling of valuable timber trees without implementing proper reforestation and forest management. Due to the war situation in the district, organised groups carry out illicit felling of timber. The Forest Department, is unable to arrest this trend.

Page 56
5.4.4.2 Absence of a
Programme to involve
the Private Sector and
the Community
implementation of specific community forestry programmes in order to protect the catchmentareas of the tanks and homegarden planting is not being carried Out by the Department of Forests in the district. There is no programme for encouraging the private Sector to be involved in tree growing in private lands as timber plantations.
5.4.4.3 Absence of Plant
Nurseries
There is no equipped central nursery for raising forest Species in order to produce the seedlings for the local demand. The trans
portation facility for seedlings by the Forest Department is very limited. Mobility of field officers is also limited in the districtS.
5.5 Development Strategy
Agricultural development will continue to be a top priority in the district of Vavuniya. Integration of livestock with crop agriculture and forest species in homegardens will be encouraged for increased income and protection of the environment. The strategy will be used by the Government Organisations to uplift the living standards of the farmers.
The following strategies will be implemented to promote the AgriCulture Sub Sectors.
36
5.5.1 Crop Ag
Paddy w poorly drained a in the district. P
income crop. drained tracts
tanks Will be b
more profitable Yala Season. S
be done by agri prising Agricult Sional Officers, and the Repre
Search Division
of Agriculture.
Even if til
Water in the tar
tion during Yala Construct agrc fields as reco
National Water
High value Crc and fruit crops the crop div
grammes.
I Program damaged tan agro-wells. Re seed stores, f Agrarian Servic done by Depa
Services. Nec
major, medium be done by the ties.
Credit f:
ranged to Dep; Services for pul
torS and 2 whee
to farmers. Als
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
riculture
till be Cultivated in
and ill drained lands
'addy is not a highTherefore Well
of each irrigation rought under other e crops during the Specific studies will oup of experts Comural Instructor, Divi
Technical Officers
esentatives of Re
of the Department
nere is no irrigation
ks for OFC caltiva
a it is suggested to )-Wells in the rice
immended by the
Resources Board.
ps like vegetables
Will be included in
ersification pro
mes to repair the ks and damaged pairs of damaged
ertilizer Stores and
ce Centers are to be
rtment of Agrarian cessary repairs on and minor tanks Will
respective authori
acilities will be ar
artment of Agrarian chase 4 wheel trac
l tractors to be hired
D credit will be given
to purchase 4 wheel tractors, 2 wheel tractors, water pumps and sprayers to individual farmers through the Farmer Organisations (FO).
Revolving fund to purchase seeds and fertilizer will be given to each Farmer Organisation. Farmer Organisations will be able to generate more funds from the revolving fund to embark on
diversified Services to their benefi
Ciaries.
Revolving fund to reactivate the local marketing will be given to each FOO. The weekly markets Will be reactivated.
Adequate funds for institutional development will be pro
vided to Governmental Organizations (GO).
There are 8 Agricultural Instructor (AI) ranges and the Al is responsible for disseminating technology to the farmers. They
have to Serve 2000 - 2500 farm
families without assistants and any mobility. DOA (Extension) will be supplied with mobility, field officers quarters and transport facilities for the farmers. A separate Training Centre in Cheddikulam and upgrading of training facility in the existing Department of Agriculture Training Centre will be undertaken. Sufficient funds will be allocated to
Government Seed Production
Farm Vavuniya for seed production.

Page 57
VAVUNYAPLAN
DOA (Research) will be given sufficient financial allocations for production of Breeder seeds of vegetables, OFC and some varieties of paddy. A Soil Testing Laboratory will be established.
Department of Agriculture (School of Agriculture, Vavuniya) will be given financial assistance to upgrade the quality of training for youth.
DOA (Seeds) will be given transport and storage facilities to stock certified seed.
Department of Agrarian Services will be given financial a SSi Stance for Di Strict Fertilizer Stores, transportation of fertilizer and village level fertilizer stores, purchase of tractors for hiring and revolving funds for purchase of inputs. Also rehabilitation of Agrarian Kendra Nilaya buildings not included elsewhere will be done by Department of Agrarian Services.
Department of Agrarian Services will be given credit to provide mobility to field officers.
Departments of Irrigation (Central & Provincial) will be provided with adequate staff of Technical Officers, Draftsman and other field supervisors to carryout the fehabilitation work and mobility also will be provided.
5.5.2 Livestock
The existing stock of cattle 8 goats will be upgraded through
natural breedir
breeding. Stud goats will be issu Centres and
Chekkadipulavu.
Increasing cilities for inputsu product by streng ers Organisatior Breeders Coope
Increasin
feed production w resources by p volvement of Fa
tions.
Adequate given to Departm duction and Heal
institutional deve
to strengthen AB bile Veterinary strengthen the F Hatchery in Pool
| | DOAP 8 |
nancial assistanc
Breeding farm in establish Rural Vk
a MObile Veteri
Services and to ir
Veterinary Office
5.5.3 FiSl
Suitable ta
tified and arran
made to release
of fresh Water fi:
their growth cycle so that the proble tanks during the
OVerCOrne.

Ig and artificial
bulls and stud
ed to existing stud Goat Farm in
the marketing fapply and livestock thening the Farmis and Livestock
atives.
g the livestock with available feed
romoting the inrmers Organisa
2 funds Will be
ent Of Anima|| PrO
th(DOAP & H) for lopment in order programme Mo/ Centres and Poultry Farm and hthoddam.
- will be given fie to develop Goat Chekkadipulavu, aterinary Centres, nary Clinic and nprove mobility of rS in the district.
heries
anks will be iden
gements will be Suitable varieties
sh that Complete ! in a short period, em of drying up of dry period can be
Breeding station at Pavatkulam will be established to produce fingerlings.
Adequate funds for institutional development of freshwater fisheries sector will be provided in order to expand the extension Services.
Fishing families will be given credit for purchase of canoes and net.
5.5.4 Forestry
Central nursery will be established to raise seedlings of suitable forest species for catchment area planting, community forestry prògrammes and other reforestation programmes. Initially the catchment areas will be taken up for reforestation programme.
Community forestry including School forestry extension programmes, roadside tree planting and private plantation establishment will be encouraged. Tree planting will be done on a "Shramadana" basis.
Funds required for institutional development of the Forest Department will be given. These will be specially intended for the following purposes: transportation of plants, establishment of central nursery and Conducting awareness programmes among school students and public of the district.
37

Page 58
5.6 Identification of Priority Projects
Under the present circumstances rapid development of agriculture is Critical to en han Cement of the living standards of the people in Vavuniya District. Rainfed as well as irrigated agriculture will be important in this endeavour. In this context, highest priority will be given to meeting the basic needs of the farming community.
5.6.1 Sub Sector:
Crop Agriculture
5.6.1.1 Construction of
Agro-Wells for
Paddy Cultivation
On the recommendation of the Water Resources Board (WRB) and past experience of the farmers, agro-wells will be located. 50% of the Cost of Construction of an agro-well will be given as a subsidy. There are 42 minor tanks identified as priority sites by the DOAS in the district. Initially, wells in each tank will be constructed based on the hydrological analysis by WRB. The number of wells will be further increased upto 4-5 per tank during the project period depending on the need and water availability. If the completion of 45 Wells in identified tanks is not fea
Sible other feasible tanks will be added to achieve the target. The programme will be implemented during 3 years to construct 230 Wells.
Base COSt RS. 7.00 Million.
38
5.6.1.2 Reha
Ferti
Store
Supply of very essential COmmenCe the
DOAS is to p
amount of See
fore the Comn
Season and st
the village lev aged due to ti rehabilitation C
in 5 AKN areas
Stores and A
undertaken ar
Cilities will be
DOAS.
BaSe COst
5.6.1.3 Supp
and
te F
MOSt Of th
complain that especially see Chemicals are
rior areas. D
ers in some | farmerS find it
the require Vavuniya Tow to Cheddikula security force finding it diffic Commence th
Therefore 4- \
rate Of 2 NOS.
pumpS and S be given to D ing fund to ea
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
bilitation of
zer and Seed
sat Village Level
;eed and fertilizer is
for the farmers to
ir Cultivation in time.
urchase adequate 2d and fertilizer be
hencement of each
OCk them. MOSt Of
"el stores got damhe war. Therefore
fvillage level stores , a District Fertilizer (N buildings will be id transportation fa
made available to
bs
RS. 12.00 Million
ly of Inputs Machinery to
armers
e resettled farmers
the supply of inputs d, fertilizer and agro limited in the inte
ue to security barriDarts of the district, difficult to transport Cd ferti|İZer frOm
h. Transport of Urea m is banned by the S. FarmerS are also
ult to hire tractors to
e Cultivation in time.
wheel tractors at the
for each AKN, water prayers for hire will OAS. AI SO a reVOIV
chAKN will be given
for the purchase of inputs and machinery through the DOAS.
Base Cost RS. 60.00 Million
5.6.1.4 Provision of Emergency Rehabilitation Assistance
Most of the resettled farmers do
not have any implements to recommence their farming activities. Their homesteads are not protected from the domestic and Wild animals. They should be provided with barbed wire fences, water pumps, sprayers, hand implements and seed and planting materials for at least 4 or 5 seasons free of charge. Issue of these
items is to be complemented with
proper agriculture training. The relief inputs will be given only after propertraining. All resettled farmers should be granted these packages through the Department of Agriculture.
Base Cost RS. 12.00 Million
5.6.1.5 Crop Diversification
Programme
Paddy is grown during the Maha Season. Due to insufficient
water for paddy cultivation during Yala Season, paddy lands are allowed to be fallow. It is proven that with the April rains and supplementary irrigation from the tanks it is possible to grow high value OFC such as groundnut, greengram, Cowpea, gingerly, maize, Onion, chillie, manioc and vegetables. Therefore, it is proposed to select Suitable areas associated with se

Page 59
WAVUNYAPLAN
lected tanks according to soil, water availability and drainage and carry out "Block Demonstrations" with selected crops. Adequate training for at least 750 farmers will be arranged. The programme will be implemented through the Department of Agriculture.
Base Cost Rs. 5.00 Million
5.6.1.6 Promotion of
Organic Farming
There is a good market for organically grown vegetables, OFC and fruits. Cattle manure, green manure and compost are freely available in the district. The plant products like neem oil, neem leaves, gliricidia leaves, lantana leaves etc. can be used as bio pesticides which are harmless and environment friendly. Such integrated Pest Management practices reduce the cost of cultivation
and increase the income of the re
Settled farmers who have limited inputs. These programmes will be Carried out as "Block Demonstrations" with proper field training through the Department of Agriculture. Training facilities in District Agricultural Training Centre, Vavuniya will be extended to the Cheddikulam farmers who face problems of travel to existing District Agricultural Training Centre in Vavuniya.
Base COSt Rs. 7.00 million
5.6.1.7 PrOOC
and Ce
and St
Department facing the prob high quality set farm to farmers to be produced a tion under the S
Search OffiCerS t purity. Agricultu tre in KilinOChch
shifted to Vavu
seed production in Vavuniya Rese tified seed will al
the Government and by seed farm facility will beim ernment Farm.
Base COSt for
duction and StOra
Base COst for
duction and Stora
5.6.1.8 Upgrad Existin Institut Develo
It is propose skills of existing agriculture to tra ers and supply ti for training cen DOAS and DO/ posed to provi graduate degre and Social Sci
Courses of 4-6 w
Staff Of the DOA
Staff Of DOAS al

tion of Breeder
tified Seed
rage
of Agriculture is em of supplying d from the Seed
Breeder seed is
t the research staupervision of Re) ensure genetical e Research Ceni was temporarily niya and breeder s being carried out arch Centre. Cerso be produced in Farm, Vavuniya, erS. The Cold store
roved at the GOV
Breeder Seed proge Rs. 2.50 million.
Certified seed proge Rs. 1.50 milion.
ing of Skills of g Staff and fonal
Dnnent
d to upgrade the Staff in the field of
n the farmer leadaining equipment res managed by A. lt is also prode for two post es in agriculture enCe and Short
eeks for about 30 . In addition, 20 Id 120 leaders of
FOO will be trained in operation . and maintenance of irrigation schemes and water management. Training equipment worth Rs. 1.5 million tO DOA and an additional Rs. 1.0 million will be supplied to DOAS upgrading the quality of training. Base cost to DOA (Exten.)
RS. 4.00 milion
Base Cost to DOAS
RS. 3.00 million Base cost to DOA (SAV)
RS. 100 million Base cost to DOA (Seeds)
RS. 5.00 miliOn
56.1.9Supply of 4-wheel and
2-wheel Tractors , VMWater Pumps & Sprayers on Credit Basis.
Most of the farmers in Vavuniya have lost their farm machinery & equipment during the ethnic War Therefore they have to be provided with necessary farm machinery and equipment such as 4-wheel tractors, 2-wheel tractors, Water pumps, sprayers, paddy threshers and other implements on a loan basis. Resettled farmers have the opportunity to hire the service of the machinery from DOAS .The programme will be implemented through Agriculture Service Centre and FOO by DOAS .
Base COSt RS. 20.00 million
39

Page 60
5.6.1.10 Deepening of
Production WeIS
Using Machines.
It is necessary to deepen the existing production wells in the district to ensure a regular water Supply for domestic as well as irrigation purposes. Farmers are ready to pay 50% of the cost deepening . It is proposed to do the work by using heavy machinery to ensure rapid Work to cover a larger area during the implementation period. Required machinery is to be given to National Engineering and Machinery Organisation (NEMO). Base COSt RS. 15.00 million.
5.6.2 Sub Sector:
LiveStock Development
5.6.2.1 Upgrading of Local Animals, Improving Veterinary Services and Training
Livestock farmers do not have
sufficient cattle and goat. The existing Artificial Ensemination (AI) Programme, other upgrading programmes and preventive services are limited to certain areas of the
district. To overcome Some of the constraints, provision should be made to develop a goat breeding farm at Chekkaddipulavu, and to issue stud bulls and stud goats to LIBCOS and stud centres. A programmes are to be strengthened for upgrading of local herd in the
Vavuniya District. In addition, Ru
ral Veterinary Centres and mobile
40
Veterinary Clinic lished to Cater
needs of the live
the district. Staff
ranged.
In order to up semen of improv imported. In th Jumnapari will b India.
Livestock Develc
RS. 28.6 m Skill Training Rs Base Cost Rs.
5.6.3. Sub Sec
Fresh Wa
5.6.3.1 Extensic
Fresh Wé
and ESt
Breedin,
Quality Speci Cal Climate Will be lected major an tanks in the dist having quick grC mand Will be bre
Station estab
Pava tku |am fingerlings will b possible tanks ir nical assistance ers will be give sion personal. F be supplied mo training will also training centres Mahaweli .
Base Cost
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
:S will be estab
o the increased
Stock farmers of raining will bear
grade the cattle, ed breeds will be
2 case of goats, le imported from
opment
hillion
3.4 million
32.00 million
Or:
ter Fisheries
on of
ter FiSheries
ablishment of a
g Station
es to Suit the lo
e introduced to se
d Some medium
rict. The breeds with and high ded at the Breeding lished in the
ank. Initially 2 intrOduCed tO al
Vavuniya. Techto the fish growh by DOF Extenange officers will or bicycles. Staff be arranged at the in Polonnoruwa &
RS. 8.00 million
5. 6.4 Sub Sector:
Forestry
5.6.4.1 Implementation of
Community Forestry and School Forestry
Programmes
Under this programme, it is necessary to compensate for the trees felled by unscrupulous parties. Homegarden planting, roadside planting, school planting and planting in other public places will be encouraged. Plants will be supplied though the Central Nursery managed by the Forest Department. Technical assistance in tree
planting and staff training will be
provided to Forest Department
Base COSt RS. 3.00 million
5.6.4.2 Implementation of
Catchment area Protection Projects
Most of the major medium and
minor tank Catchment areas have
been denuded of trees. Valuable
trees On bunds and Catchment area have been felled. Atree planting programme with suitable species like Kumbuk, Palu and other Small tree species will be launched to protect the catchment areas. Forest Department will supply the required plants for the projects. This programme can be implemented through the relevant government organisations, Non-governmental organisations and Farmer Organisations.
Base COSt RS. 10.00 million

Page 61
VAVUNYAPLAN
5.7 Project Implementation
5.7.1 ROle Of the Farners
This is a programme for the re
Settled farmers and those affected
by the conflict. The beneficiaries will naturally participate in the implementation process. Considering the fact that many years of conflict and disturbances have dis
rupted the family structure, social organizations and the psychology of the people, first priority will be given to providing relief to the farming Community and replacement of the lost assets including public and private properties in the district. The required assistance and guidance will be channeled through the District Secretariat.
5.7.2 Role of the District
Administration
The District Secretary will exercise Overall Control and Coordi
nation of the programme. The ex
isting sub committees established .
in the district administration will
have the responsibility of implementing the programme through the existing net work of various government and Non-governmental Organisations. Among the government organisations will be the Department of Agriculture (DOA), the Department of Agrarian Services (DOAS), the Department of An ima || PrOdu Cti On & Health (DOAPH), the Departments of rrigation (DO) Central& Provincial, the Department of Cooperatives (DOC), the Department of Fisher
ies (DOF), the F (FD) the Agricult Authority (ADA) Engineering an ganization (NEM NGOs operating also assist the is
the Project.
It is propose Project Office he
Director for the
the project. Hels by Project Office Livestock Develc
Fisheries and F.
Supporting staff. sponsibility of th to implement the Cording to a set Project Directc monitor the prog ponents and pre ports on the pri COn Straints face
be a District Ste.
which will meet
review the progr CuSS the difficul
implementingag vide guidance c measures to be
trict Steering C headed by the ( The Project Dire erS, and the Div ies, Will be mem
mittee.
Heads of Dep resentative from
be members Of til

prest Department ural Development
and the National
d Machinery OrMO). The various
in the district Will
mplementation of
d to establish a
aded by a Project mplementation of he will be assisted
rs for Agriculture, opment, Irrigation, Orestry and other
It will be the re
e Project Director
e programme actime frame. The
)r Will therefore
ress of the 5 Com- .
}pare monthly reogress made, to d. There will also
ering Committee,
Once a month to
eSS made, to disties faced by the encies and to proon the Corrective taken. The Dis
Ommittee will be
District Secretary ctor, Project Officfisional Secretar
bers of this Com
artments and repNGOO will also
he Steering Com
mittee. Guided by the recommendations of the Steering Committee, the Project Director will modify the project activities where necessary So that the project objectives are attained during the project period.
5.7.3 Role of the North East
Pro Vincial Council
The North East Provincial Council will also have a Steering Committee headed by the Chief Secretary. Provincial Secretaries, the Government Agent, Vavuniya Heads of Departments and representatives from the Ministry of Plan implementation and relevant eine Ministries will be members Of
this Steering Committee. This Steering Committee will meet quarterly to review the programme and suggest remedial measures where necessary to improve the project implementation.
5.7.4 ROle Of the NGOS
There are International NGOS
as well as National /Local NGOS
operating in Vavuniya. The NGOs will function in accordance with the decisions taken by the District Steering Committee. The NGOs are playing a very important role in areas of civil disturbances. Each
NGO, International & National has
its own mandate. Some of them
Work in the Health, and the Edu
Cation sectors while others work
in the Agriculture sector. Therefore plans must be prepared within which a separate role is assigned
41

Page 62
Project Component
SUBSECTOR: CROP AGRICULTURE
1.1
Construction of Agro-wells in paddy Fields
1.2 Rehabilitation of fertilizer and seed stores at villag
1.3 Supply of input and machinary to the farmers
1.4 Provision of Emergency RehabilitationAssistence
1.5 Crop Diversification Programme
1.6 Promotion of Organic farming
1.7 Production of Breeder & Certified Seeds & Storag
1.8 Upgrading of skill of existing staff & Institutional D
1.9 Supply of 4 WT. 2 WT. Water Pumps & Sprayers (
1.10 Deepening of Production Wells by Machine on cr
2. SUBSECTOR - LIVESTOCK
2.1 Upgrading of local animals, improving Vieterinary
3. SUBSECTOR - FRESH WATERFISHERIES
3.1
Extension of Fresh-water Fisheries and
Establishment of Breedig Station
4.1
4.2
4. SUBSECTOR - FORESTRY
Implementation of community Forestry
Implementation of catchment area protectin
to each NGO thus avoiding du
plication. The NGO Consortium which has been established in Vavuniya Will identify the capability and capacity of each NGO and assign them specific responsibilities in Consultation with the District Steering Committee. 5.7.5 implementation
Arrangements and
Estimated Project Cost
The implementation responsibilities will be assigned as in above table
42
5.8. Program Coordini
5.8.1 Coordin
It is propose activities of the visional Project tees, which will Divisional Sec Project Steering view the imple quarter. Divis level Steering C view the imple month. It is nect
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
implementing Agency
ADA
e level andAKN building DOAS
DOAS
DOA(Extn.)
DOA(Extn.)
DOA(Extn.)
|e DOA(Res.), DOA(Extn.)
evelopment DOAS DOA(SAV), DOA(Seeds)
on loan Basis DOAS
edit basis
Services & Training DAP&H
DOF
FD
projects FDINGOO
e Evaluation Team (ET) to monitor ation the progress and to modify the àtion project, implementation etc. as
d to COOrdinate the
project through DiSteering Commitbe headed by the etary. Provincial Committee will re'mentation every Onal and District
Ommittees will re'mentation every 2ssary to Set up an
and when necessary.
RRAN representative and entatives will visit Vavuniya as and when required and they will attend the Steering Committee meetings at district and provincial levels.

Page 63
VAVUNIYAPLAN
5.7.6 Table 5(h)
Priority Projec AGRICULTUR
Sub-Sector
Priority
5.7.6.1
Crop Agriculture
Construction of Agro - w
Rehabilitation of fertilize
Village level & AKN buil
Supply of inputs & mac
Provision of emergncy
Cros diversification prot
Promotion of organic fa
Production of breeder See
Upgrading of skills of ex Institutional developme
Sub Total
Supply of WT, 2WT, Water
Deepening of productio
Sub Total for Credit - A
Total of Sub Sector - A
5.7.6.2
LiveSotck Development
Upgrading of local anim Veterinary services and
Sub Total - Livestock
Total for Sub-sector-Li
5.7.6.3
Freshwater
Fisheries
Extension of Fresh-Watt & Est. Breeding station
Sub Total
Total for Sub Sector -
5.7.6.4
Forestry
Implementation of comr forestry Programme
Implementation of catch
Sub - total Forestry Total for Sub Sector Fc
Tota Base Cost of The Programme
Agriculture - Investment
Agriculture - credit
Livestock
Fresh Water Fisheries
Forestry
TOta

t Summary
E: Estimates
Project Base Cost
(Rs... mn.) 'ells in paddy fields 7.00 r & Seed stores at
dingS 12.00 hinery to the farmers 60.00 ehabilitation assistance 12.00
gramme 5.00 rming 7.OO j certified seeds & storage 4.00 tension staff and
nt 13.00
120.00 pumps, sprayers on Credit 20. OO n wells on Credit 15.OO
griculture 35.00 griculture 155.00 als, improving training 32.00
32.00
Westock 32.00
2r fisheries
8.00
8.00
Freshwater Fisheries 8.00 nunity forestry and school
- 3.OO ment area protection project 10.00
13.00
restry 13.00
12O.OO
35.00
32.00
8.00
13. OO
208.00
43

Page 64
44
6
6.1 Program and Main
Designing a R habilitation, Rec Development (RRRDP) in a cor requires an integ What is prese frameWOrk meet
Growth and ir
tion are very ofte kinds of activitie:
to directly produc
Can COntribute tC
ployment in a giv second refers tc
and services - in
ties and Services
helps production. ties and Services
in turn a wide rar
ducing activities. astrong interrelati two kinds of activ
rehabilitation anC
damaged infrastr essential compot resume normal pl
6.1.1 Rehabil
People
In the Vavun
affected by the the need for res
habilitation of pe habilitation and
public sector ir other productiv Cannot be Over-e
the late 1980's a
Such on-going
 
 
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
17e Concept
Features
esettlement, Re
:onstruction and
Programme nflict affected area
rated framework.
1ted here as a
S this Criterion.
hcreased producin induced by two S. The first refers cing activities that inCOme and em
'en Situation. The
those activities
rastructure active
- which indirectly Infrastructure facili
support or induce nge of directly proTherefore there is
onship between the ities. It follows that
reConstruction of
Icture should bean hent of any plan to roduction activities.
itation of
and Assets
iya district, being civil disturbances,
ettlement and re
ople as well as rereconstruction of
frastructure and a physical assets mphasized. From nd through 1990's programmes and
activities had been undertaken in
the district. But Still a lot more remains to be accomplished.
Resettlement of families affected by civil disturbances is both a human or "people centered' problem as well an economic necessity. It is seen as a human problem in the sense that after having suffered many serious conseduences of a war, the families cannot be allowed to languish in refugee camps or welfare centres for long. They have to be resettled by creating a suitable environment With at least minimum facilities SO that they can revert to a normal life. Resettlement can also be looked upon as an economic necessity because resettlement of families will be the first step leading to res
toration of production and in
Comes. Therefore resettlement has to be combined with opportu
nities to get involved in productive
work or income earning activity. This helps towards economic regeneration in a region through the resettled/rehabilitated people; there is thus a two-way relationship between resettlement/rehabilitation and economic activity.
The Programme, therefore, envisages three sets of measures at the district level. One set of meas
ures deals with resettlement of families or persons, closely allied to this will be income earning opportunities, which may require retraining or acquisition of new skills. Another set of measure deals with

Page 65
VAVUNYAPLAN
restoration or reconstruction of as
sets (need not exclude creation of new assets) which can increase the capacity to produce or assist in resumption of economic activi
ties.
A third set of measures is
aimed at resuscitating or inducing directly producing activities. All the three Sets Of meaSures and activi
ties are, needless to say, closely interrelated.
6.1.2 Programme Framework
and Objectives
The Programme that is being designed is intended to promote increased production in the districts economy and thereby contribute to economic and social well being of the people. The overall objective
and its achievement will centre
round the following sets of activities: (i) resettlement and rehabilitation of a large number of families, (ii) restoration/rehabilitation and reconstruction of major public sector infrastructure assets and other productive assets and (iii) regeneration, improvement and expansion of capacity in direct production activities in the major sectors of the economy. All three sets of activities are interlinked in important ways.
The earlier Sections on the situ
ation analysis of the district economy highlighted the problems
about economic and SOcial infra
structure and directly producing
sectors such as Agriculture, Livestock, and Industries. In the field
of economic and
ture, it was indic
investments ind
like irrigation, r
education will b
also indicated hC
ducing sectors w termining the pe economy at the (
Stressed also w
ment Programr should be spee guirements are this Programme 6.1.3 Program
and Prio,
The followin
Overal Structure
proposed for im ing a three-year
TOTAL PLA
Г Есомоміс
SOCAL
PRODUC
RESETTI

SOcial infrastruc
ated that sizeable
eveloping sectors oads, health and e required. It was bw the directly pro
vill be Crucial in de
erformance of the
district level. It was
why the Resettle
me in the di StriCt
ded up. Such refully reflected in
FrameWork.
me Structure
rīties
g chart shows the of the programme plementation durperiod. Within this
programme, Agriculture, Resettle-, ment, Irrigation, Roads, Education,
Health and Sanitation take the bulk
of the financial outlays; and this in
dicates roughly the sectoral priorities underlying the proposals.
In the Programme designed, we have focused on irrigation, education, health housing and roads as important areas to which a significant proportion of total invest
ment Should be directed because
the district economy requires considerable strengthening of such infrastructure. These will in turn support the revival and growth of economic activities in the directly producing Sectors like agriculture, animal husbandry and industries.
BOX - 3
VAVUNYADISTRICT
STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME
NNED EXPENDITURE: Rs. 1,208 Mn Over 3Years
NFRASTRUCTURE 34%
irrigation
Roads POWer
INFRASTRUCTURE 32%
Health
Sanitation Nutrition Water Supply Education Housing
TION SECTORS
21% Agriculture
Livestock Fisheries Forestry industry
LEMENT
13% Resettlement
Relocation
45

Page 66
6.1.4 Tinne Frane
and the Programme
A three year period is considered appropriate for the programme proposed. There is nothing ‘special' about a three year time frame. It can be more, say five years, it can even be shorter than three years. However, a three year duration is preferred because it is perhaps the minimum span during which progress can be monitored and necessary corrective measures can be taken. Besides, already at the district level some familiarity exists with regard to three year development pro
grammes.
6.1.5 Investment Outlays
There are three main factors that determine the quantum of investment outlays. These are the needs/requirements, availability of funds and the administrative/ implementational capacity. These apply to the situation in the Vavuniya District as wel!. Needs or requirements usually exceed the availability of funds and therefore choices have to be made On the basis of priorities attached to projects. Administration or implementation capacity is determined by the number and quality of staf at various levels in the government institutions.
Going by past experience, the DistrictAdministration in Vavuniya, which has remained largely intact, has had a satisfactory record, de
46
spite the difficults vailed. During th has Coped succe situations.
6.1.6 Capital Al
Capacity
The district a
Ceives its funds
frOm different Sou
line agencies, the ernment, the Budget, statutory ers, and its spenc has remained as
total allocation in
1998 the total all was nearly Rs.3 previous year it \ lion and more th
funds have be
means that the di
tion can manage,
Table 6(a):
ReCOr
Sector
1. Agriculture,
2. Industries
3. Resettleme!
4. Irrigation
5. Electricity
6. Roads
7. Roads
8. Health, San
9. Housing
Total
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
ituation that pre2 recent period it ssfully with Crisis
sorption
dministration re
or capital works rCes, Such as the
e Provincial GOV
Decentralized
bodies and Othling performance
high as 80%
recent years. Or Ocation received 56 million, in thể
Nas Rs. 250 mil
han 80% Of SuCh
2n spent. This istrict administra
a capital expendi
ture of Rs. 300 to 350 million an
nually.
6.1.7 Indicative Cost
Estimates
Given this background, the programme for the 3 years (1999 - 2001) may be represented in the form of Set of tentative Cost esti
mates. These are intended to COn
vey broadly how the district programme may proceed in terms of capital expenditure involving major sectors/components already specified, i.e., resettlement, rehabilitation/reconstruction of infrastructure and physical assets and produc
tion activities in the major produc
ing sectors.
Vavunia District 3 - Year Programme of struction, Rehabilitation and Development
| Compnents CoSt Estimatd %
(Rs)
Livestock, Fisheries & Forestry 2 ۔۔۔۔O8 17.4
46 3.8
t 150 12.4
165 13.7
65 5.4
183 15.1
154 12.7
itation, Nutrition & Water Supply 145 12.0
90 7.5
1,206 100.00

Page 67
VAVUNYAPLAN
با ۹ مصر سیس
6.1.8 Derivation of Estimates
The estimates are based On the data made available to the study team by the relevant heads of departments - who are also mostly the implementing agencies at the district level and other representatives of organizations associated with various sectors, this data was supplemented with information from other sources from the Dis
trict Secretariat. The data Was Scrutinized, evaluated and Subjected to further clarifications/discussion when found necessary and was used by the Consultants to derive the estimates. The esti
mates may be subject to some unavoidable errors and therefore
have to be refined at a later stage. Despite such limitations, the indicative estimates give a good idea of the urgentrequirements and priorities. They also show the size of the total outlay and how it is divided among different sectors/ components.
The initial Set of estimates re
Ceived in relation to sectors/com
ponents were considerably higher than the indicative Cost estimates
presented here. Much of the initial estimates received from GOVernment Departments and agencies, in the context of rehabilitation and reconstruction work may have reflected the urgent needs and requirements in the district. These original estimates received had to be, however, pruned down a great deal, having in mind the
availability of re ity, priorities, im pacity etc. Hov profiles given ul component wer needs and they dOWn Or mOdifie(
Other Criteria.
Accordingly, ment for the t’
(1999 - 2001) C million. (at base an average figu proximately Rs.
In the estima annual average made is RS. 40
somewhat highe actual capital ex for the district du to four years. H ing this as a Pro highest priority 400 milion ma
manageable limr administration
implementation:
Cerned.
6.2 Program
Сотрor
6.2.1 Agricult
Agriculture mi|Ii On for thr
amounts to 17%
Culture proper million and the b
lion is shared by Livestock (32 m ter Fisheries (8

Sources, feasibilplementation cawever, the project nder each sector/
based on urgent were also scaled
to acCOmmodate
the total investhree year period Ome tO RS. 1208
cost); This gives re annually of ap400 million.
tes presented, the investment to be
O milion which iS
rthan the average penditure incurred ring the past three Owever, COnsidergramme for which will be given, Rs ly be well within its for the district
as far as its
al Capacity is Con
e
lentS
re
receives RS.208
ee years which of the total. Agrireceives Rs. 155
alance RS.55 mil
other subsectors, illion), Fresh wa
million) and For
estry (13 million). Within crop agriculture the funds are provided for the supply of inputs and machinery to farmers and machinery and other farm equipment, crop diversification, promotion of organic farming, construction of agro- wells in paddy fields, deepening of production wells and agro - industrial enterprises. There is also an important proposal about farmer credit on concessionary terms.
6.2.2 Industries
In the Programme Framework the industries Sub-Sector has
been allocated Rs.46 million Over three years. One important component is the completion of infrastructure facilities for the Industrial
Estate at POOnthoddam. It is expected that completion and strengthening of infrastructure facilities will help to attract prospective Small Scale industrial unitS. Secondly, the Industrial Development Board has been allocated funds to strengthen its institutional Capacity by deploying additional technical staff, Library facilities and a training centre with workshop facilities so that it can play a more effective role in assisting and promoting industrial/commercial units to be established within the Indus
trial Estate and outside. Another
task identified for the industries sectoris enterpreneurship training and skill development, which can be organized by the IDB and/or assistance can be given to other in
47

Page 68
Table 6(b):
Industries Sector : Estimates
Providing Infranstructure facilities for Industrial Estate at Poonthoddam (internal roads, internal lighting, Water pipe line and watcher's hut)
Industrial Development Board - Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building i. Building for Library
ii. Library facilities iii. Building for Trainign Centre iv. Workshop/Laboratory V. Other facilities and support and skill development through the measures for entrepreneurial training Centre (and financial assistance to other similar institutions)
Financial assistance to Industrialists or potential Industrialists (3 years)
Rehabilitation assistance to damaged
Industrial units (3years)
Total estimated cost
stitutions engaged in vocational training or skill development. A training centre under the purview of the IDB may be a good proposal that can be put into practice (VIRDEP earlier has suggested the formation of a Vocational Training institute)
In the district, there is a need to assist industrialists/entrepreneurs or prospective industrialists/ entrepreneurs financially, to enable them to either rehabilitate damaged assets (eg. Paddy Mills) or to start new Small Scale industrial units. This type of assistance may be combined with incentives to start operations. Agro -industries (e.g. milk processing, fruit Cordials or fruit pulp) are recommended for Such assistance. Substantial financial Outlays may be required for this
purpose.
48
The proposa dustries sector
are Summarizec
In the total
industries sect
ance to industr
tation assistant
setStake a larg
6.2.2.1 Imple Agen
The Govern
Industrial Devel responsible foi
proposals. The
ing the Governi disburse funds
COntrol and res
6.2.2.2 Bene
When the
With relevant are implemen Small industria
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
Rs. 2,000000
Rs. 3,500.00 Rs... 500,000 Rs. 3,500,000
Rs. 1500,000
Rs... 16,000,000
Rs... 18,000,000
Rs.46, 500,000 -
als SuggestedforinWith estimated COSt
d in Table 6(b):
estimated COst for Or, financial assist
ialists and rehabilie for damaged asje share.
mentating
су
ment Agent and the opment Board will be implementing the IDB will be assistment Agent who will and exercise Overall
ponsibility.
fits
proposals together support measures ted, it will benefit lists/new entrepre
neurs. It will also benefit School leavers and youths who make use of the opportunities available for training and skill acquisition. They are the important stake - holders in these activities. Opportunity also is provided to encourage greaterprivate sector participation.
6.2.3 Resettlement
Resettlement is an important Component and a necessary prerequisite for rehabilitation and development in the district. The main objectives of resettlement are to enable the displaced families to get back to a normal life and to inte
grate themselves into the main
Stream of economic activities. investment cost indicated for Rs.150 Million for three years, equivalent to 12.4% of the total. Resettlement programmes should be able to significantly reduce or even eliminate the existing backlog of families
waiting to be resettled.
Resettlement programmes have taken two forms, Viz relocation of families in 'model' villages and resettlement of families in their former places. The former is a fairly recent concept and will require a heavy infrastructure Commitment. Upto now, the resettlement programmes have been confined to 'cleared' areas in the district. However from this year (1999) onwards, the "newly cleared' area within the Vavuniya Division has also been included.

Page 69
VAVUNIYA PLAN
6.2.3.1 Resettlement
Package
The resettlement programme is based on a package of Components, beginning with initial payments for temporary huts, imple
ments, "settling in" and "productive
enterprise" activity followed by the establishment of a number of infrastructure facilities necessary for the families, to live individually and as a group. These add up to a large share of resettlement cost. The resettled families afe also entitled to a housing grant. All the components in the package are important and necessary and they Contribute to the Success of the resettlement programme. It is difficult to prioritize them because they are all equally important and indispensable.
The district administration has been engaged in this activity for the past two or three years and has gained experience in planning and carrying out such programmes. The key decisions are not so much about priorities within the sector but rather about the total number of families (and location) to be resettled - partly determined by administrative and implementation capacity and partly by the funds available.
in aggregate terms, the implications can be briefly indicated. Total number of families to be resettled for three years can be 2500 in the three divisions and the
"newly cleared' settling in cost families (for ter tling in allowanc terprise grants Wilbe RS. 32.5 r
with the numbe structure cost (e ing grant) for re tion of 2500 fa
proximately Rs. age expenditu about Rs.75,00c allocation assi
gramme for Res million) the bala 118 million ma
to meet infrastru
tle 1500 families in two years.
The Rehab
the district adm Office) is thema agency for re grammes. It will
other relevant c
Government. Its ity has been tes past experience Stitutional ir implementationa pected. Howeve more than Oneth nually may re. edented organis
6.2.3.2 Beneff
The import and beneficiari
are the resettli
benefits of re

area. The initial
or total number of nporary huts, setes, productivity enand implements) hillion, varying only of families. Infra
xcluding the housSettlement/relocamilies may be ap200 million (averre for a family is )/-). From the total gned in the Prosettlement (Rs.150 nce amount of RS.
y be just sufficient Cture COSttO reSet
s which is possible
ilitation Branch Of inistration (ERRP or implementation settlement probe assisted by the epartments of the institutional capacted on the basis of
and no Serious in
npediments or l problems are exir, a resettlement of Ousand families an
uire an unprecational effort.
ciaries
ant stakeholders
is of resettlement
ng families. The settlement pro
grammes gotosettler families and the facilities given to them are intended to make the resettlers to stay on and develop a permanent stake in the settlement. However, the availability of opportunities to participate in income earning eco
nomic activities will be critical fac
tOr Which determines their COntinued presence in the settlements.
6.2.4 Irrigation
The Irrigation Sector takes a relatively large share of the total investment cost already indicated, amounting to Rs. 165 million, or nearly 14% of the total investment outlay proposed. The justification for focusing on this sector and allocating Such a large share is A. mainly related to its close linkage with crop agriculture in the district.
Many of the irrigation schemes, consisting of major tanks (Irrigation Department, Central) medium tanks (Irrigation Department Provincial) and minor tanks (Dept of Agrarian Services) have deteriorated in the past because of poor maintenance. In this context, the main objective consists of the restoration and rehabilitation of tankirrigation schemes, without which their contribution to crop agriculture will be rather limited.
The irrigation network consisting of headworks, canals and central structures will be improved so that proper control and distribution of Water can be ensured contributing to more productive irrigated
49

Page 70
agriculture. Farmer participation will also be encouraged in the maintenance of irrigation schemes, so that they will become more selfreliant in the future.
Table 6 (c)
Major/Medium irrigation Schemes (Provincial)
Type of Work RS
Head Works
Bund 13,600,000 Spill 4,850,000
Sluice 1,200,00 Canal Works
Canal 17,750,000 ACCeSS Road 3,950,000 Field Quarters 600,000 ImrOvements to Oxidization Pond 500,000 GST 12.5% 6,100,000
General 5,550,000
Total 54,000,000
6.2.4.1 Project Profiles
The objectives and activities of the Irrigation Sector are reflected in three components (project profiles) with indicative costs showing the underlying priorities. These are the Pavatkulam scheme, the Kalaru Anicut Scheme and the Institutional Development in Irrigation. All three should go together
and it is not advisable to separate Table 6 (d)
Irrigation Sector: Estimate
Name of Project Cost of
Estimate Rs (Mn)
Major lmigation- Pavatkulamand Kalaru
Aricut Schemes Central 92.0
Major/Medium Tanks (Provincial) 54.0
Minor Tanks (ACAS) 19.0
Total 165.0
50
them. These 92 Million (fo Annexure 11).
The SeCO
Sectoral Strat
COnCerned Wi improvement dium tank SChI the purview of Department. ties Concentra
to head Work canal system, roads, improv Canals from fi
along the spill bilitation of bt
mated Cost fo
lion. The Cost mary form is g of projects ass
(11) tanks arr
basis are shO\
The third a strategy conce Which COme W
the Assistant Agrarian Serv tankS identifie
and improven total of 477mi
activities in re
bilitation of m
improvement sluice, spillw clearing and total estimatec
rehabilitation/
Cated as RS.
total Cost of irr
 

WAVUNYAPLAN
equire a sum of Rs. r further details See
nd aspect of the egy in irrigation is h rehabilitation and of eleven (11) me2mes, Coming within Provincial Irrigation The proposed activite on improvements s, improvements to improvement to tank sement to drainage elds, jungle clearing Way, and the reha
Jildings. Total esti- :
r theSe iS RS.54 Mi|-
break down in Sumiven below: (Details SOCiated with eleven anged on a priority Wn in Annexure 12).
spect of the sectoral erns the minor tanks rithin the purview of
Commissioner of
CeS. !he number Of
d for rehabilitation
ment is 43, out of a nor tanks. The main
StOration and reha
nOr tankS are bund , improvements to ly clearing, channel access roads. The
Cost for minor tanks mprovement is indi9 Million. Thus the gation rehabilitation
and improvement during the three years can be shown as follows:
6.2.4.2 Benefits
Changes and improvements in irrigation infrastructure can be expected to result in increased production in crop agriculture, which will benefit the farmers; this can also result ultimately in benefits to the consumers. With the expected changes, the tank - irrigation system will be able to provide for more farmer participation in maintenance and management. As they are important stakeholders, such participation should be encouraged and facilitated.
6.2.4.3 Implementing
Agency
There are three agencies which will be involved in the implementation of the changes suggested, namely the Central Department of irrigation, the Provincial Depart
ment of Irrigation, and the Depart
ment of Agrarian Services. The irrigation Departments have the technical capacity and experience to carry out the proposed changes at the district level.
6.2.5 Electricity
The major task to be undertaken in the area of electricity to which Rs. 65 Million has been allocated for three years, will be the extension of rural electrification targeting mostly the resettled/relocated Villages. This strategy is important in the present context of extensive resettlement.

Page 71
VAVUNYAPLAN
6.2.5.1 Villages lodentified
For this purpose a number of villages have been identified by the respective Divisional Secretaries on a priority basis in the Vavuniya and Cheddikulam divi
Sions. In the Va total of 34 village tified and the SC
to COSt 36 millic
Cheddikulam di 10 villages hav
Table 6(e)
RDA Roads - Estimates
Description of Work
O1 Gravel overlaying with DBST on 16th to 35.4th ki
of Vavuniya - Parayanalam Kulam Road
O2 Repairs to Bridges on Madawachchiya Mannar -
Thal;aimannar Road 3 Bridges
O3 Gravel overlaying and Priming with DBST 26th ki
to 43.3 km
O4 Gravel Overlaying & priming with DBST on 18th
tO 201 St km
Total estimated cost
Based on information given by the DD/RDA Vavuniya
Table 6(f):
Pradesiya Saba Roads - Estimates
item Description of Road
No.
1 Vengala Cheddikulam Pradeshiya
Sabha - ROadS
2 Vavuniya South Sinhala Pradeshiya
Shaba - Roads
3 . Vavuniya South Tamil Pradeshiya
Shaba - Roads
4. Machinery for Road Construction &
Maintenance
5 Reconscruction of Building - VCK
Pradeshiya Sabha
6 Reconstruction of Building Vavuniya South Pradeshiya Shaba
Total
Based on Proposals made by the Regional Assistant Commissioner of Lc

'uniya division, a Shave been idenheme is expected n rupees. In the fision, altogether been identified.
Cost Estimate (Rs. Mn)
65.O
11.0
10.0
1.O.O
96.0
Cost of Estimate (Rs. Mn)
5.95
4.95
9.0
8.00
1.OO
2.00
30.90
a Government
Here the estimated cost will be Rs. 33 million. These, therefore, bring the total estimated Cost for all the villages in both divisions to Rs. 68.6 million. See the annexures 13 (a) and 13 (e) for details.
6.2.5.2 Expected Results
and Implementing Agency
The outcome of this proposal will be to take rural electrification to a further stage. Availability of electricity will contribute to a revival of rural economic activity, Create new opportunities for production and employment and raise the standard of living.
The Ceylon Electricity Board will be the implementing Agency for this project and it has the necessary technical capacity and manpower to carry out the proposed schemes.
6.2.6 Roads
In the proposed programme, the Roads Sector is assigned a substantial sum: Rs. 183 million, amounting to about 15% of the total indicative base cost of the programmes.
6.2.6.1 RDA Roads
The strategy identifies several different categories of roads - managed by different agencies such as Road Development Authority (RDA), Road Development Department (RDD) and Pradeshiya Sabhas - for rehabilitation and improvement. However,
51

Page 72
the place assigned to the A and B Class roads (the national highways) is relatively more important, in terms of the cost, than the others. These roads require costly maintenance and repairs but the funds provided are often insufficient. In the case of RDA roads, identified for early rehabilitation, improvement and repairs, the following have been recommended. The required funds are to be provided in the present Programme Framework under the Roads Sector (for one ortwo years). The priority activities and estimates are given in Table 6(e).
These have been listed in
terms of priority. The 5th priority (gravel overlaying & priming with DBST from 202nd tO 212th Km On Kandy - Jaffna road) which is left out here may have to be funded in other ways.
6.2.6.2 RDD Roads
In the case of C and D class of roads managed by RDD, a priority list has been drawn up by the Chief Engineer, RDD, Vavuniya to identify the important roads to be rehabilitated or improved. These will have an estimated Cost of Rs.50 Million. (Details are shown in annexure 14). The activities involve metaling, reconstruction of old bridges, widening, raising of road surface, re-metalling and tarring. In the case of the C and D class roads, an important consideration is the improvement of the
52
COndition Of bu phasis is on me of especially D ( gravel surface
and become i the rainy seaso
6.2.6.3 Prad
Roac
Athird categ within the Pradeshiya Sak are also known they form the bl net WOrk. Becau
nance most of
have deteriorate
due to the Pradeshiya S, maintenance ''
present progral rehabilitate or ir
which serve the parts of the villa
Proposed Pradeshiya Sa lated developr shown in table
Table 6(g)
Roads Sec Estima
Category
RDA ROadS
RDO Roads
Predeshiya Sab!
Agricultural Roa -
Total
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
routes. The emtalling and tarring lass roads, WhOSe often gets eroded mpassable during
Ո.
eshiya Sabha s
ory of roads comes purview of the
has . These roads
as rural roads and
ulk of the total road Ise of poor maintethese gravel roads ed. This in turn was
inability of the
abhas to finance
WOrk. Under the m it is expected to nprove these roads interior and remote
ageS.
expenditure on
bha Roads and re
ment activities are
6(f)
tor: Summary teS RS. Mn
Cost Estimated
96.0
50.0
a Roads 30.9
S 6.
183.0
6.2.6.4 Agricultural Roads
Agricultural Roads managed by the Assistant Commissioner of Agrarian Services (ACAS) provide access to tanks and agricultural settlements and their importance cannot be underestimated. They are important for the transport of agricultural inputs and agricultural produce. Improvements and repairs to about 38 1/2 km of these roads are estimated to Cost Rs. 6.1 Million. (See annexure15 (a) to 15(c) for details.) The total estimated COSt for the Road Sector can now be summarized as in Table 6(g)
6.2.6.5 Expected Results
Road rehabilitation ard improvement Can improve the Conditions of travel and mobility of the people. The extent of benefits to different groups may differ. However in general, the reduction in time and cost of travel and transport of goods, reduction in the Wear and tear of vehicles, can bring Substantial benefits to production and productivity.
6.2.6.6. Implementing
Agencies
In the rehabilitation and improvement of roads, there are three implementing agencies, namely, RDA the Central line agency, the RDD: the Provincial Department, the Pradeshiya SabohaS and theACAS. The RDA and RDD have had long years of experience in road construction and maintenance in the district.

Page 73
VAVUNYAPLAN
Table 6 (h):
Education Sect
Project
Activities
1. Infrastructure Development
School Building School Furnitur
Equipments Improvement to Major repairs Construction of
2. Quality improvement of
Education in School system - Primary and Secondary education
Curriculum deve Teacher Trainin development
3. Recouping Educational
loss of a target group of displaced school children (appro. No. 3000)
Curriculum prep organising addit instruction (one
4. Nutrition en han Cement of displaced school children staying in Welfare Centres and Outside (Target group approx. No. 5000)
Nutrition enrich undertaken joint health authoritie Schools/welfare or two years)
6.2.7 Education
Education sector needs urgent
attention. One important reason is that this sector, particularly the school system suffered much loss and disruption. The rehabilitation and reconstruction of the physical facilities usually involve large financial expenditure.
6.2.7.1 Project Profiles
ln a long term context, high priority needs to be given to the rehabilitation, reconstruction and de
future generatior main areas of W
taken.
Firstly the re physical facilit
namely the build
velopment of the school system -
because any set back in education directly affects this welfare of a
furniture, labora halls, water sup cilities and the to be undertaker
is an urgent nee quality of educati fered due to the C quality improver teacher training,
opment and pro\ aids and will Co

Or: Estimates
No. of Schools Cost Estimate
RS. Mm
S 25 75.10 e 44 17.OO 44 12.00 playground O3 1 O.OO 12.20 QuaterS 12.OO
»lopment 4.32 g and Teacher 4.32
laration and 2.15 ional School year)
ment WOrk to be 4.60 tly with district is in Selected centres (one
Total 153.69
h. There are three
fork to be under
storation of the
ies in Schools, ngs, classrooms, tories assembly oly, sanitation fablaygrounds, has 1. Secondly, there d to improve the on Which also Suf
isturbances. The
ment Will include
Curriculum develrision of teaching ver both primary
and secondary levels.
Thirdly there is the special target group namely the nearly 10,000 displaced school children. According to available information about half of them would have lost most of their schooling for about two years and measures to catch up the lost schooling is a project worthy of consideration. Another problem about the displaced children is that many of them languished in the Welfare Centres and, having been deprived of adequate food, are reported to be undernourished. These undernourished displaced school children
53

Page 74
Table 6(i):
The Health and Sanitation S
Improvement to Base hospitals, Vavuniya (Buildings and E i. Extension of Maternity Ward (35 beds)
ii. Construction of Premature baby unit and wouipment iii. Nurses quaters/two storeyed (30 rooms) iv. RMO quaters
v. Medical Equipment
Sub Total
Anti-Malarial work including two vehicles for transport (tw
Establishment of a Centre to provide traning facilities top: medical staff - nurses, PHM, PH, PHIA etc.
Gramodaya Health centres - improvements and new build
Health education (audio - visual equipments, Instruction m vehicle (3 years)
Sub Total
Building and Quaters
(a)
i. MOH office (Cheddikulam) including furniture
ii. MOH office - Vawuniya South with furniture i. MOH office Vavuniya including furniture iv. Maternity Ward & equipment, CD Sithamparaturam V. Vehicles - two nos for MOH Vavuniya South and Ch
i. MOH quaters - Vavuniya South
ii. MOH quaters Cheddikulam iii. MO's quaters - Sithamparaouram iv. MO’s quaters , Ayurvedic Hospital , Madukanda W. RMO's quaters - RH Cheddikulam vi. Guaters DPDHS office staff - 2 Nos.
Sub Total
Sanitation Construction of water Sealed latrines in Vavuniya, Cheddikulam and Vavuniya South Divisions (10,000 famil
Sub Total
Nutrition Nutrition programme for children in welfare centres, incluc facilities two visit Centres
Sub Tota
Water Supply
i. Rural tube wells Pradeshiya Shaba Areas Cheddikt
Vavuniya, Vavuniya South (100 Nos)
ii. Urban - pipe water supply and Urban Council tube w
iii. Tube well sets and accessories of rural water suppl
maintanance Pradeshiya Saba
iv. Water Bowser for Urban Council and Tractor with T
garbage disposal
GRAND TOTAL
54
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
ector Programme 1999 - 2001
quipments)
8.5 for the unit (5 beds) 5.5 8.0 3.8 20.6
56.4
o to three years) 8.0
ara 6.5
ng (20 Centres) 7.0
aterials, aid and 5.5
32.5
2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 eddikulam 3.5
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.O 3.5
29.0
15
tes)
1.5
ling transport
2.5
2.5
Ilam,
7.5 'ells (4 Nos.) 7.3 | Work and
8.O railer for
2.0
24.8
144.7

Page 75
VAVUNYAPLAN
deserve to be cared for in a speCial manner. Therefore the rehabilitation of these children as a special target group Could be taken up as a separate project.
Proposals addressing the three aspects indicated above emerged from the Consultations/discussions with the representatives of districts Education Department. The finanCial allocation recommended for the education sector amounting to atotal of Rs. 154 million is to be shared among the three components with the major share going to rebuilding/repair of infrastructure facilities of the school system. The details based on data given by Education Department Vavuniya are shown in Table 6(h) in summary form.
6.2.7.2 Benefits
The proposed education sectorprogramme can be expected to contribute to significant improvement in the school system. The reconstruction and rebuilding of infrastructure facilities of the School system, when completed, contribute to an improved learning environment and enhanced output in terms of quality and quantity. The direct beneficiaries will be all the School going population of the district. The other two activities proposed are directed towards a selected group of displaced school children. Recoupment of loss in educational opportunity and providing nutrition enrichment will go a long way towards alleviating the
loss Suffered b group of childrer
6.2.7.3 Implem
The Zonal D
tion will be the thority. The Dep: tion has to get Other technical carry out the ma tivities indicated i
6.2.8. Health a
The Prograr equally high pric sanitation. At pr authorities in the Cope with a much than before on scale displacem spite certain con pacity to deliver services expecte
6.2.8.1 Major C and Are
The major obj habilitation, Rec Development Pi Health and Sanit
be to resuscitat and curative ser
increased dema large Scale move to the district an
necessary capa health and Sanita and personnel. T proposed for ach jectives are the fic

by this particular
.
Penting Agency
irector of Educaimplementing auartment of Educa
the assistance of
departments to jor rebuilding acn the programme.
ind Sanitation
nne aCCOrCS an brity to health and
esent the health
2 district have to larger population aCCount of largeent of people deStraints on its ca
even the normal
d of them.
bjectives as of Activity
ectives of the Re
: OnStruction and
Ogramme in the ation Sectors will 2 the preventive ices to meet the hds arising from ments of people to build up the cities including ion infrastructure
e main activities ieving these oblowing.
()
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(II)
(i)
(III)
(i)
(ii)
Health
Improvements to the Base Hospital, Vavuniya Strengthening of the Anti-Malarial Work The establishment of a centre for training paramedical staff including Nurses PHM, PH, PHFA. Improvements to Gramodaya Health Centres (new buildings) Strengthening health education - to create greater community awareness of the health environment and of problems among school population and the people in general. Buildings for other peripheral medical and health units. An important requirement of medical and health staff is adequate residential facilities.
Sanitation.
Building latrines for Selected households in
need.
Nutrition
Nutrition programme for children at Welfare centres, they are identified as an important target group de
serving special attention in
the health programme.
Providing drinking water acilities . This is an im
55

Page 76
*
portant objective with re gard o health, and the em phasis mostly is on rural water supply through construction of
tube Wells.
6.2.8.2. Cost Estimates.
A more detailed list of activities coming under the above programme and a corresponding set of indicative cost estimates are given in Table 6(i):
6.2.8.3 Priorities
In the Table 6 (i) various projects and activities are arranged in the order of priority assigned to them. Improvements to the Vavuniya Base Hospital are listed as activity 1 indicating that it is the first priority. This hospital may be on its way to be upgraded as a General Hospital. But, for this, it should undergo some major improvements. Therefore strengthening its buildings and facilities is important. Moreover, apart from this consideration, the more immediate need is for the institution to be equipped to meet the increased demands for its services. The proposed upgrading activities including the additional buildings will involve considerable expenditure.
6.2.8.4 Preventive Services
Antimalarial Work is shown as second priority item in the project profile. Malaria is a serious problem in the district. What is important is to have a concentrated and
56
continuous prog tive activity.
One of the Health sector, preventive side, equate para-me from the immec
ing vacancies i tutions, anothe
has been identi ity for training of in this respect ting up a trainin recommended.
Officials in the di
port this propos as third in the or
thermore, streng tive services red residential facil
facilities to hea
has been made gramme for suc quest for reside been acCOmmC
lower ranking i Orities. But if fun this may be COn
6.2.8.5 Sanita Water
On the Sani
als for ConstruC
ties in the three
tion programn Welfare Centr
overlap with the under Educatic only for schoolg What is Sugges children) and
 
 
 
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
ramme ofpreven
problems in the articularly on the was the lack of ad!dical staff. Apart liate action of fill
the Health Instir important need fied, namely, facilpara-medical staf. a proposal for setg centre has been Medical and health strict strongly sup;al, which is listed der ofpriority Fu
thening of prevenuire office facilties, ities and transport lth Staff. PrOVİSİOn
in the present proh facilities. The re
2ntial facilities has dated, but given a n the scale of prids position permits sidered favourably
tion and
Supply
ation side, propostion of latrine facili
> divisionS, a nutrihe for children in es (this need not one and suggested in because that is oing children, while ted here referS all ural water Supply
(tube wells) have been recommended more or less in that order of priority. They can contribute to the improvement of basic sanitation and drinking water facilities of the rural population.
6.2.8.6. Benefits and
Implementation
The proposals, when implemented Will have a Substantial impact on the well being of the people. The health and medical authorities will be able to cope with both curative and preventive needs of the population more successfully. The Base Hospital, in Vavuniya in particular will be strengthened significantly if the relevant proposals are aċċepted and implemented.
The rural population, as already mentioned will also benefit with the improvement of their basic sanitation and greater access to safe
drinking water from the tubewells.
The implementation of health sector programme will be under the overall responsibility and direction of the Deputy Provincial Director of Health Services and the allied Departments. Medical Officers of Health will assume responsibility for most of the preventive services and will be supported by health officers of the Department. In the Health Education Programme, schools also will be involved in important ways; the other community organizations also will be mobilized for this
Work.

Page 77
WAVUNIYAPLAN
6.2.9 Housing
In the suggested Programme Framework for the district, Housing is allocated Rs.90 Million for the three years, accounting for 7% of the total investment COSt. In the
Context of extensive resettlement programme in the district, it is understandable that government Supported housing activity is almost exclusively geared to the ongoing resettlement programmes - both relocation and resettlement. As already mentioned elsewhere in this report, a resettled family, after one year of resettlement is entitled to a housing grant of Rs.25,000 for permanent housing in the resettled village. However this grant alone is inadequate for a reasonably satisfactory housing unit. At present other sources of financial support are almost ruled Out and the NHDAS Ioan Scheme has also virtually ceased.
6.2.9.1 Housing Grant and
Families Resettled
in Our discussion about resettlement, it was mentioned that the number of families to be resettled annually can be around 700 to 800 and this gives a total number of families for three years of around 2000 to 2500. Projecting this as the number of families that can be resettled during the three years and given the amount of housing grant (Rs.25,000/-) total funding required for housing for 2500 families will be Rs. 63 million. If a larger
number Of fami target for resett over a three ye may be conside bitions target), tl ing for housing in million.
6.2.9.2 Higher
In this COnte)
gued here is tha for recommendi ing grant than Rs Stated earlier Ca
One room housi ily. It is true that titlement in rese the already large penditure. But w this housing gra family in the abs loan schemes, ing the housing ( sidered; this gra to Rs.40,000 or ily. However this
and until this is C
ing grant is assu Rs.25,000. The sibility; the gran mented with a 'S
erous repaymer mented with a Rs.25,000, then total financial
Rs.50,000 for a However,
NHDA at the dis
been good wi Schemes for low
it has created

ies is taken aS a ement, say, 3000 ar period (which ed as an Over am
len the total fundhay come to Rs 75
Housing Grant
ct, what can bear
at there is a case ng a higher hous$.25,000, which as an only provide a ng unit for a famhousing grant enettlement adds to
infrastructure exfith inadequacy of ht for a low income
sence of any 'soft' the Case for raisgrant maybe connt may be raised 50,000 for a famis a policy matter hanged the housmed to be fixed at e is another post may be suppleoft loan with gent terms. lf supplesoft loan of say, this will bring the assistance to family. the experience of trict level has not
th regard loan income familie as "epayment prob
lemS.
6.2.9.3 Other Housing
Schemes
Of the total amount of Rs. 90 million allocated for housing 2500 to 3000 families, approximately Rs.70 million will be set apart for grants. The balance funds can be used for other types of housing development. Proposals for two such Schemes are suggested, namely middle class and public servants' housing. Approximately Rs.25 million can be disbursed under these Schemes, during the three years, through the GA/NHDA for which there will be a good demand, provided interest charged and repayment terms are favourable compared to those attached to Commercial
bank Schemes. Over the three. years approximately 100 units can be funded if the amount of loan is determined at, says, Rs.200,000 for a unit.
Even though the priority is for "low Cost housing geared to resettlement programmes, other Schemes also can Contribute to housing development. There is some housing Construction activity by private individuals. But government supported housing activity other than those linked to reSettlement also will have to be enCouraged to meet the housing needs in the district.
57

Page 78
6.2.9.4 Benefits and
Implementation
Housing is undoubtedly anesSential component of a resettlement programme. In the present Context, a housing programme can bring both direct and indirect benefits. On the one hand providing a house is a way of giving immediate relief to a family which has been deprived of its permanent Shelter. It is the foundation On
which it can make a new start in
life. Thus the direct Social benefits
are considerable. Secondly, the Ownership of a house ensures that the settler family develops a permanent interest in the new locality thus ensuring the sustainability of the resettlement programme itself. Here the direct beneficiary will be the resettlement progamme. Thirdly a housing programme can have strong spin-off effects on the industries supplying building materials and on employment including employment of masons, carpenters etc. These are the indi
rect benefitS.
The NHDA and the Govern
ment Agent (Rehabilitation Branch) will be responsible for planning and implementing the housing programme related to resettlementactivity. Both the NHDA and the Rehabilitation Branch are
agencies that have had several years of experience in this field.
58
6.3 Progran
In the review
presented, if til
Westment Outla
envisaged, the trict economy ( most disaster r.
Struction can b
the three year programme of gested can rais ation being take questions nam the availability capacity to car investment pro Second questic ministration Ca
Carry Out the equately streng istrative and im chinery. Regar Which has now
portant agency to assist finan
become active
and mobilizer f
habilitation anC
fort and its inv(
Will be Crucial.
6.4 Areas Ο
There are sé
ther study that present frame Among them th to hold Consid
long term deve
triCt.
(1) Undergro
SOUTCeS
 

VAVUNIYAPLAN
nrne and RRAM
v of the Programme he progress of inyS can proceed as impact on the discan be substantial; elated damage/dee remedied during period. However, a the nature suge two (security situin for granted) main ely, the question of
of funds and the
ry out suoh a large )gramme. On the on, the district ad n be relied upon to Drogramme by adthening the adminplementationalmading funds, RRAN, emerged as an imcan be requested cially. RRAN has as fund provider or district level re
reconstruction ef
plvement therefore
f Further Study
everal areas for fur
emerge from the work preparation. le following appear erable promise for lopment of the dis
Dund water re
(2) Agro-industries in the
district-Technology and Marketing (3) Forestry resources and their long term potential (4) Rural social structure
Vavuniya (5) Urban planning and development
6.4.1 Underground
MWater Resources
Vavuniya District's underground water resources potential needs Careful evaluation with a view to planning its future utilization. Crop agriculture in the district
depends on rain water and tank
irrigation, which is again cpnditioned by rainfall. Recently in the district, a large number open dug shallow wells (5621), tube wells (248) and production wells (733) have been Constructed to meet
water supply needs both for do
mestic use and cultivation of high
land Crops. Tube wells and shallow wells are important sources of rural drinking water. Production Wells, and to a lesser extent shallow wells are also used in highland Crop cultivation supplement other Sources. It has been reported that in some of the tube wells yield reduction has occurred. Some anxiety has already been expressed as to whether there is an indiscrimi
nate use of underground water. But there is no doubt that the district is now in its first phase of its underground Water resource utili

Page 79
VAVUNYAPLAN
zation. Therefore the stage has been reached to launch a scientific and comprehensive study of the availability and potential use of this vital resource.
6.4.2 Agro Industries
Agro-industries based on processing of agricultural produce offer prospects for the district economy. But expansion of such industries requires capital resources, entrepreneurial talent, technical expertise, and marketing support if they are to be established as commercially viable units able to effectively compete with producers outside the district and even outside the Country. Marketing links with Colombo and even overseas can give a big boost to this sub-sector and a competitive advantage which will be determined mainly by technology that makes use of relatively less expensive labour. Marketing and technology aspects, therefore, can make agro-industries commercially more viable. Therefore a study highlighting such aspects will be necessary to plan the development Of thiS Sub-SeCtOr.
6.4.3 Forestry
Forest reserve in Wavuniya district Covers about 40% of the total area. Forestry resource in this dis
trict, as well as Wanni area, h economic pote recent years c taken place at a lands being cl ments, illicit fel en CrOaChment
security reason led to a depletio and there has b
reforestation. TI source and its p systematically d larly in respect c and environmer long term. This cus of a Study mended.
6.4.4 Rural So
There is ver about the rural the Vavuniya dis nature of the rur
has SOme relev
tant i SSuleS that the present c economy in the undergoing cha the Societal str systems may n sufficiently and brake On econc change. The suc of a large numb

hose in the larger ave COnsiderable
htial. However in
eforestation has rapid pace due to eared for settleing of trees, land and clearing for S. All these have
n of forest reserve een no systematic his renewable re
otential has to be etermined particuof its sustainability tal benefits in the
should be the fo
1 that is recom
ciety
y little information Social Structure in trict. However, the al Social Structure ance to the imporare under focus in
iscussion. The
district has been nges. Despite this Jcture and value ot have changed may even act as a mic/technological den displacement er of people and
the experiences of disaster-related adversities have added another dimension to socio-economic reality in the district. The relevance of the dynamics of social structure and social change cannot be underestimated in a rural rehabilitation/reconstruction and development context. In this background the suggested recommendation for a study on "rural Social structure' of the district may provide useful information and insights.
6.4.5 Urban Development
The major impact of the conflict related events and experiertes was felt more in the urban areas in the district. The Vavuniya urban centre had to cope with the needs of a much larger population than before which aggravated its health and sanitation problems. Consequently, the urban area experienced environmental deterioration. In this context, it would beadvisable to undertake a comprehensive study about the human settlement, infrastructure Services and administration in all the urban Centres. Such a study should also be able to provide guidance for planning the future development of the district.
59

Page 80
60
影
妻
7.1 Provincial
In the Sri Lan
focus on regional opment has incr ably in recent tim towards greater and devolution.
Amendment to t
and the PrOVİnCi
there has emerg
Government Strut
East Province (N provinces of the C ess of devolution
power and autho or devolved units.
recognises three and functions: th
jects (Central Gc Concurrent Sub both the Centra
Governments an
jects Provincial G Accordingly, the p ity to administer, ment decisions ir
ject has to be exe Vincial authorities
the District Provi
particularly in rel gramme formul mentation is still
7.2 The Distr
Administ
Programr and imple
What is ther
administration ir
the context of
larger unit, i.e. til thought to be be
 
 
 
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
District Nexus
kan Context, the planning/develeased Consider
es With the trend
decentralisation
With the 13th
he Constitution
a Councils Act, ed a Provincial cture in the North
EP) and in other ountry. The procgives increased rity to the regions The Constitution
types of powers e Reserved Sub
overnment only), jects (shared by | and Provincial
d Devolved Sub
overnment only). OWer and author
plan and implea devolved Sub
rcised by the pros. In this respect, nce relationshipation to plan/proation and imple
unclear.
Ct
ration and
ne/Formulation
»mentation
ole of the district
this respect? In devolution, the he Province, was
ter Suited to han
dle the region's planning and development. While this may be so, the unit in the form of the District, also has an important role, because it can take planning and decision making a further step toWards decentralisation. In the recent experience of Province-District relationship, it is found that the Provincial authority in the NEP (that it is in the absence of a political leadership) has control over funding and thereby on decision making about projects/programmes for development.
This is an important issue that needs constant review, because it concerns funding of projects. The Provincial authority being responsible for the devolved subjects can assist/advise when it has sufficient
expertise on important matters about plannings and programme formulation. The Provincial author
ity can also undertake resource surveys of the region, specialised studies and evaluations of development in the district(s). This is a useful function where the participation of the district is desirable. However because of delays in decision making at the Provincial level and lack of Consultation between provincial and district levels - and partly due to petty jealousies among administrators and oficials - it has become difficult to maintain a smooth relationship between the two levels. In this process, the district administration may be placed at a disadvantage. It is im

Page 81
VAVUNYAPLAN
portant to note that the district administration has to deal with Cen
tral agencies as well as provincial authority. 7.3 Civil Conflict and
District Administration
Unlike in the case of many other districts, the district administration in Vavuniya, continues to exercise powers and functions notwithstanding the changes brought about by devolution. In fact with the Onset of the civil conflict it has
gained more prominence and an "identity" of its own. The Government Agent (G.A) used to be the king-pin of the earlier central government administration at the district level. In Vavuniya the G.A is still the central figure. His ability to Continue his former functions and
authority is perhaps related to the unique situation in the district where quick responses to Crisis created by the civil conflict were necessary. He supervises the district administration and co-ordi
nates the Work the Divisional Sec
retaries and other heads of departments with respect to both central and provincial subjects. Thus G.As importance and stature at the district level remain undiminished despite the emergence of the provincial structure resulting from devolution.
7.4 District Administration &
District Level Development
This is the background against which planning and development
at the CIStrict le
derstood. The
has over the yea Crisis brought a conflict; the se though still is a C is now relatively trict administrati
to implementsev
programmes.
gained will be us the district's maj future. The uniq identity within th ernment StruCtu nite advantage programmes of
7.5 Local Go
Authoriti
In the district le
Sabhas all of wh the overall purvie ASSistant Comm
Government. All
ties in the distri versely affected banCeS. SinCe
SOurCeS and aC
rupted they will sistance in the
dertake much ne
reConstruction C
assets and Serv
7.5.1 Urban CC
The Vavuniya now functions W
Sentatives and
Chairman. Its a
22.5 sq.km. the Within the urbar

Vel has to be un
/avuniya District irs coped with the bout by the civil curity situation, ause for Concern,
stable and the dis
on has been able "eral development The experience eful in dealing with or problems in the ue district Centred le provincial gov
re can be a defi
in implementing
his nature.
Vernment
eS
Vel administrative
ich COmes Within
aw of the Regional hissioner Of LOCal
the local authori
Ct have been ad
by the civil disturtheir revenue
tivities were dis
need financial as
ShOrt term tO un
eded restoration/ f buildings, other
C6.S.
luncills
a Urban Council ith elected repreis headed by a ea of authority is Ota road netWOrk area consists of
91.5 km Of Which 17.5 km are
metalled roads and 59 km are gravel roads. In addition there are 15 km of lanes where no vehicular traffic is possible. There are about 775 commercial and trading establishments.
The Urban Council is engaged in a wide range of activities and services relating to health, water supply (tube wells) road maintenance, markets, recreation (parks), libraries, community Centres, public Wells, latrines and cemeteries. Its activities also include
rehabilitation.
In 1998, the Urban Council's totalestimated expenditure was Rs. 69.8 Million of which capital expenditure was a little more than half. Of the estimated total expenditure, physical assets, roads and land development, health, utility services and rehabilitation together take a major share. It is relevant to note that rehabilitation
Work entailed a total estimated expenditure of Rs. 8.9 Million accounting for, about 13% of the total. Because of a sudden and large increase in displaced/refugee population, much of which stayed in and around the urban area, the UC faced unprecedented problems. There was a heavy demand made on its basic infrastructure services, health, housing, water etc. This aggravated the problem of environmental deterioration partly because of the absence of a properly designed surface drain
61

Page 82
age system. In this report elsewhere, a major study covering important aspects of urban housing, water Supply and other basic facilities has been proposed with a view to preparing long term plans for urban development.
7.5.2 Pradeshiya Sabhas
There are four Pradeshiya Sabhas functioning in the district including those in the uncleared area. Of the 49 Gramodaya Mandalayas serving the cleared area about three-quarter deliver Some Services but without much
impact. These institutions which form the lowest layer in the local authority system will have to be reactivated so that they can make a greater impact.
The Pradeshiya Sabhas come within the purview of the Regional Assistant Commissioner of Local
Government. These institutions
have been weakened by the civil Conflict and within the cleared area they are in the process of restor
ing and rehabilitating their basic .
institutional machinery. The Pradeshiya Sabhas are engaged in providing a wide range of essential services relating to health and Sanitation, roads, markets, recreation, library and community centres. Very often, the Pradeshiya Sabhas are short of funds as their revenue sources have been badly
affected. However, since
62
Pradeshiya Sab CentraliSed leve
they also have to play in the reh Struction and C
grammes. Their stitutional capi strengthened.
7.6 Instituti
Particip,
Given the
objectives of th gramme, the m may be identifie
The bene
tled families, the entrepreneurs, the self employ The GOV,
those attachedt
Provincial Agen The Non
ganisations a Based Organisa ldeally, a prog ture has to be fi a full participatc all the stakeholc role in preparat plans and select policies. This ic achieved in p number Of reaS
portant amongo the breakdown
tutional meChar
Conflict and dis
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
has represent de| of administration
an important role labilitation, recOnevelopment profinances and inacity have to be
nalס
ation
Coverage and the ne proposed prolain Stakeholders das the following:
ficiaries: the resetfarmers, villagers, industrialists and
ed.
ernment Officials:
O both Central and
Cies
governmental Orand Community ations.
|ramme of this naormulated through ry process Where iers playan active ion of the Sectoral
ion of projects and deal Could not be
ractice due to a
OnS. The most im
hem was perhaps of the normal instihisms following the placement of peo
ple, the absence of any social mobilisation process to revive such organisations and the absence of an active local leadership, the political processes having become dormant.
In this situation, it became the responsibility of the Government officials to play the key and decisive role. They possessed the necessary expertise and experience to undertake the planning and programme formulation task, Consulting where feasible and appropriate, the stakeholders, even though the participation of the local community and the beneficiaries was not as active as desired, the NonGovernmental Organisations were able to articulate the needs at the
grass-roots level. The UNHCR and the UNICEF, are playing an important role in assisting the local level activities through their link organisations. What may be done now to fill the gap - the absence of active community participation is to rebuild the institutional mechanisms and carry out the necessary social mobilisation as a part of the Overall resettlement, rehabilitation and development programme. The participation, of the stakeholders - the beneficiaries, may be solicited as the programme moves ahead, necessary adjustments being made as and when required.

Page 83
VAVUNIYA PLAN
AnneXure 1
Names of Sectoral Heads of who attended the Meetings f n the District Secr
1. Sector - Agriculture
Date: 10.12.98 at 2.00 p.m
K.Ganesh, Govt Agent
Prof.N.Balakrishnan - Consultant V. S. SWaamiinathan - D.D.P. M. KirubaSuthan - A.D.P A. Senthenathan - Research Officer S.Subramaniyam - A.D.A. Seeds. K.Theivandran - - A.C.A.S Dr.T.Arasaratnam - A.D.AP & H M. Jeganathan – A.D.A EXtn. MrS.V. Ketheeswaran - PD, ERRP S. Puniyaseelan — RE, Ag, Services
2. Sector - Irrigation.
Date: 12.12.98 at 9.00 a.m.
K.Ganesh, Govt. Agentm
Prof.N.Balakrishnan - Consultant V. S. SWaaminathan - D.D.P S. Navaratnam — DDI, Central K.Theivendran w - A.C.A.S M. KirubaSuthan - A.D.P N. Navanesan - || E. PrOvincia S. Puneyaseelan — RE, Ag. Services Mrs.V. Ketheeswaran - PD. ERRP S. Thavarasa — D.O, Ag Services
3. Sector - Education - Date: 12.12.98 at 11.00 a.m
K.Ganesh, Govt, Agent.
Prof.N.Balakrishnan - Consultant
V. S. SWaaminathan - D.D.P
S. Rakunathapillai - Add. G.A
M. Kirubasuthan - A.D.P

Departments and Officials r Consultation/Discussion tariat, Vavuniya.
Miss TThurichchamy - A.G.A. (H.Q.) MrS.V. Ketheeswaran - P.D. ERRP.
K. ManiVannan - School Works
Engineer R.Tharmakulasingam - Planning Mrs. RSivanathan - A.D.P.
4...Sector - Health & Sanitation - Date: 14.12.98 at 9.00 a.m
K.Ganesh, Govt. Agent
Prof.N.Balakrishnan - Consultant V.S.Swaaminathan - D.D.P M. KirubaSuthan - A.D.P
K. Ganesharatnam - D.D./A.D.A S.Rajendran - D.M/WSSP Dr.M.Yogavinayakan - DPDHS T.Shanmuganathan - PPOf DPDHS Officer R. N.B.Vasutheyvaya - PH Mrs. Ketheeswaran - P. D ERRP | S. Paramakulasingam - ADP (Nutrition) M. Ramamoorthy -ADP (Sanitation)
5. Sector - industries
Date: 15.12.98 at 9.00 a.m.
K.Ganesh, Govt.Agent
Prof.N.Balakrishnan - Consultant V. S. SWaaminathan - D.D.P M. KirubaSuthan - A.D.P Mis: Marieannemelda - D. S.Vav T.Balasubramaniyam - D.M/DD M. Ramamoorthy - A.D.P K. Nanthakumaran - Director/Tasty foods
63

Page 84
جب TY
6. Sector - Resetlement
Date: 15.12.98 at 2.00 p.m
K.Ganesh, Govt Agent
Prof.N.Balakrishnan — COnSultant
V. S. SWaaminathan - D.D.P
M. Kirubasuthan - A.D.P MS.V. KetheeSnaran - PD. ERRP
K.Ayampillai - DS/VCK V.Srikandavel - DM/NHDA
P. Pathmanathan - Co-ordinator/
RANN
U.P. Piyasena - Co-ordinator/
RANN
M.G.Kularathne -A.O/WaV. South
Mrs Marieannemelda - D. S. Vav.
7. Sector - Roads
Date: 17.12.98 at 9.00 a.m
K.Ganesh, Govt. Agent
Prof.N.Balakrishnan - COnSultant
V. S. SWaaminathan - D.D.P
M. Kiru basuthan - A.D.P
KAyampilai - DS/VCK K. Chandrakanthan - EE/RDA
Sarath Wijesinghe - D.S./
k VaV. SOuth A V.S.S.Selvaraja - Secretary UC S.N.Velunayakam - EE/RDD C.VimaleSWaran - T.O.RDD
T. Nageswaran - RACLG. M. Ramamoorthy - Special
Commissioner
64
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
8. Sector - Electricity
Date: 17.12.98 at 11.00 a.m
K.Ganesh, Govt.Agent
Prof.N.Balakrishnan - Consultant
V. S. SWaaminathan - D.D.P
M. KirubaSuthan - A.D.P
C. Sabaratnam - Area Engineerlo CEB. Sarath Wijesinghe - DS/VaV. South Mrs Marieannemelda - D.S/VaV.
K.Ayampillai - DS/VCK

Page 85
VAVUNYAPLAN
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VAVUNYAPLAN
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WAVUNYAPLAN
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G - Ə.InXƏuuV/
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
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Page 89
VAVUNYAPLAN
. AnneXure - 6
Quarterly Financial
Vavuniya Dis
Code
No.
Sector/Compenent I f
Agriculture (sub total)
Major Irrigation
Minor Irigation
Forestry Development
Land Development
Field & Export Crops Development
- Livestock Development
Plantation
Industries, tourism & Trade (sub tota
Rural & Small Scale Enterprises
Trade
Science & Technology
Humansettlements (Sub total)
Housing & Construction
Urban Infrustructure
Environmental Management
Water Supply & Sanitation
Community Resources development
Economic Infrustructure (sub total)
Power & Energy
Communication
Ports & Shipping
Reconstruction & Rehabilitation
Transport (sub total)
Railway
Roads
Aviation & Other Transport facilities
Social infrustructure (sub total)
Education
Health
Social Welfare & Cultural Services
Administrative Overheads (sub total)
Strengthning of District Administration
Provincial/Regional Administrative
Improvements
Grand Total
Source : District Secretariat, Vavuniya

Progress Report - 1998 trict - Quater - 3
Financial Achivement (Rs...) Allocation or the year During the Commulative % (Rs. oo) | Repot |Totag Rep. Exp.
43,892 11,540,004 14,551,442 33.15 6,843 860,395 1888,683 27.60 35,576 10,621,470 12,258,466 34.46 297 4,074 38,831 13.O7
500 w
63 36,000 336,000 53,25 45 18,065 29,462 65,47
1,559 236,921 553,921 35.53 33 223,400 223,400 74.47 1059 13,521 130,521 12.32 200 200,000 100.00 54386 10,204.826 35.11 48,463 7,609,000 16,318,000 33.67
12
4,148 1,716,640 1844,640 44.48 1,763 876, 186 931, 186 52.82 52.461 23,009,743 51,827,743 98.79 52.461 23,009,743 51,827,743 98.79
141,007 32,501,166 76,607,506 54.33
. 141,007 32,501,166 76,607,506 54.33
44,770 11,535,390 24,535,737 54.80 16,616 1487,235 4,990,754 3O.O4 14,212 6,707,378 12,145,280 85.46 13,942 3,340,777 7,399,703 53.07 18,740 4,492,542 6,354,411 33.91 18,407 4,492,542 6,304,411 34.25 333 50,000 15.02
356,815 93,520,592 193,524,586 54.24
69

Page 90
AnneXure - 7
Water Su Water supply in Rair
Categories
Domestic
Water Board Guarters
Govt. Guarters
Govt. Institutions
Sri Lankan Army
Sri Lankan Police
Commercial
School
Tourist Hotel
Institutions
Religious Institutions
Water Board Office
Bowser supply (Others)
Stand Post
AnneXure - 8
70
(1 Cum = 1000 ltr)Source:
Electricity Supply Number of Con
Categories Units
Domestic 7,539,300
Industrial 405,000
General Purpose 2,462.400
Religion 142,800
Source: Statistical Hand Book, 1998
 

pply in 1997 y & Dry Seasons - 1997
Vavuniya Town Cu.m
69,951
4,596
66,932
26,058
29,518
12,576
39,617
936
4,795
10, 108
10,054.
78
3,550
54
Statistical Hand Book, 1998
- Vavuniya District 1997 sumers by Categories
WAVUNYAPLAN
Urban Rural Area Consumers
5,818,500 1,720,800 6,269
324,000 81,000 135
2,304,000 158,400 1,412
114,000 28,800 127

Page 91
VAVUNYAPLAN
AnneXure - 9
Telecommunication F.
Vavuniya D
S/No. Categories
1 Business
2 Residential
3 Officia
4 Religion
5 DD Facilities
6 Card Phone
7 Coin Box
Ota
Source: Sri Lanka TelecC

cilities by Categories iStrict 1997
No. of Telephones
273
309
168
7
124
11
20
912
Im Ltd., Vavuniya
71

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Page 99
VAVUNIYA PLAN
Annexure - 14
Rehabilitation Work - Road Develop
Priority || Description of Work (Vavuniya)
O1 Metalling &Tarring Mahilankulam - Palamadu O2 Reconstruction of collapsed masonry retaining
of Mahilankulam - Palamadu road
O3 Construction of masonary channel along Ellap
Tank Bund in 5th Km of Sinnaputhukulam O4 Metalling & Tarring Kalnaddinan - Asikulam roa O5 Reconstruction of Old Bridge on 4th Km of Kal
Asikulam road 12 Mlong.
Priority Description of Work (Cheddikulam)
O1 Metalling & Tarring Poovarasankulam - Cheddi
road 5th & 6th Km.
O2 Metalling & Tarring Cheddikulam -Thudarikular
1.6 tO 4.00 Km
O3 Widening and raising road Pform including gra
and structures on 4 to 6 Kim Cheddikulam-Tha
O4 Widening and raising road Pform including str metalling and Tarring 0-4 Km of tank road throu Weerapuram Housing scheme from Cheddikul Road to Nellukulam Neriyakulam road O5 Construction of a Bridge in replacing existing lo causeway in the 2nd Km of Cheddikulam Than
Priority Description of Work
O1 Re-Metalling & Tarring damaged section of Mal
Mahakachchadodiya road
O2 General: Installation of a metal eru rhex at a K
metal duarry at Villikulam - Mamaduwa road
Total
Source: Chief Engineer RDD, Vavuniya

ment Department, Vavuniya (1999)
Location of Estimated
length Cost (Rs.Mn)
Oad O-2 2 km 4.0
Wall in 1st km 1st Km 0.6
parmaruthankulam 5th Km 4.0
1.6-4.1 6 Km 256 Km 5.0
haddinan - 4th Km 4.0
Location of Estimated
length Cost (Rs.Mn)
kulam 2 Km 4.0
n road. 2.4 Km 4.0
velling 2 Km 1.4
darikulam rod.
Jctures and 4 Km 7.5
igh
amThunaikulam
W old 2nd Km 40
hirimalai road
Location of Estimated
length Cost
madu Wa 8 Km 4.50
ruvalpuliyankulam
3rd Km 7.0
50.0
79


Page 100
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Page 103
eWAVUNYAPLAN
Annexure 16(a)
Electricity Vavuniva Division (
1. Puthia Kovil Kulam
(i) 0.5 km LT (Main Rd) (ii) 0.25 km LT (Temple Rd)
(259,297.00) 2. Pulithariththa Puliankulam village
(i) 100 kva 33 kV/LT sub (ii) 1 km 3ph. under HT (iii) 1.2 km 1 ph under HT (iv) 1.5 km 1.ph LT
(1,882,759.00) 3. Padda nichchi Pulian Kulam
(i) R.D.S Montosoori 0.5 km (ii) Inner Circular Rd 0.5 km
(345,730.00) 4. Katkui
(i) Thonnikkal Road - 0,8 km −
(275,792.00)
5. Moontrumurippu
(i) School Rd. LT - 2 km
(ii) Library Rd LT - 0.5 km 1.75 3 ph (iii) Cross Rd LT-0.5 km (iv) Boundary Rd - 0.5 km 1.75 1 ph
(1,438,938:00) 6. MathaVuVaiththa Kulam
(1) Main Road – 0.75 km (ii) Mathakovil Rd - 1.Okm LT 1.75 Km 3ph & (iii) Cross Rd - 0.5 km LT (iv) Pillair Rd - 0.5 km LT 1.75km 1 ph (v) Paddy field Rd 1.0 km LT
(1,438,252.00)

Propeosals ST. Cost in Brackets(RS)
7. ThatChan Kulam
(i) Samanan Kulam Rd 1.5 Km (ii) Kudieruppu 1.0 km 1.75 km 3 ph & (iii) Bund Rd 1.0 km 1.75 km 1 ph
(1,438,552.00) 8. Thambanaichcholai
(i) Thambanaichchcolai Rd 1.5km 1.5km
3ph
(ii) lnternal Rd 1.0 km & (iii) Gandhi Veethy 0.5 km 1,5 km 1 ph
(1,232,550.00) 9. Salambai Kulaħm
(i) Mosque Rd 1. km 3 ph (ii) Kandieruppu Rd 2km (iii) Katkulam small lane 0.75km 1.75km 1 ph (1,271,325.00) 10. Samanan Kullam
(i) Ellappar Maruthan Kulam Rd 1 km 3 ph
Un HT
(ii) Farm Rd 0.75 km 1 ph (iii) School Rd 1 k m 1 ph (iv) internal Rd 0.75 km 1 ph
(Rs.2,024,000.00) ' 11. Ellappar Maruthan Kulam
(i) Kallady Rd 1. km 1.5 3ph (ii) lnternal Rd 1. km 十 (iii) Housing Scheme 1. km 1.511 ph
(1,233,045.00) 12. Muruganoor
(i) Housing Scheme 1.5 km 1km 3 ph (ii) Internal Rd 1 km 1.5 km 1 ph
(994,895.00)
83


Page 104
Annexure 16(a) (ctd)
13. Eithithi Kulam
(i) Main Rd 1 km 0.7 km 3 ph (ii) Internal Rd 0.5 km 0.75km 1 ph
(616,522.00)
14. Rajendra Kulam - Ponnarasan Kulam
(i) Church Rd 0.5km (ii) Amman Kovil Veethy 1 km 2km 1ph Lt (iii) Housing Settlemen 0.5km
(691,460.00)
15. Nelukulam
(i) 3rd lane 1.6 km 0,8 km 3ph +
0,8 km 1ph (ii) Urmila ambihaibavan Tooddam 1 km 1ph (iii) Marakkerampalai
Internal Rd2 km 1 ph (iv) Paravipanchan Veethy
1 km (1/2-3ph-1/2-1ph) (v) School Rd 0.75 km 1 ph (vi) V.N.R. Mill Rd
0.75 km 1 ph (1/2-3ph-1/2-ph) (vii) Sinnathambanai Rd.
1,6 km (0,8 km 3ph 0.8 km 1 ph)
(3,282,048.00)
16. Palamaikal
(i) Conticuation of Exist Line 0.75 km 1 ph (ii) Stones lane 0.75 km 1 ph (iii) Nawalar Rd 1 km 3 ph+0.75 km 1 ph
(1,215,236.00)
84
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
17. Sampalthoddam
(i) 1st mile post 0.5 km 1 ph (ii) Internal Rd (i) 0.5 km 1 ph (iii) (ii0 0.5 km 1 ph
(864,325.00)
18. Velikulam
(i) Kurusandavar Veerthy 0.5 km (ii) 1st lane 0.55 2.25 i ph (iii) 2nd lane 0.5 km (iv) 4th lane 0.5 km
(777,892.00)
19. Komarasankulam
() Matha Kovil 0.75 km 3ph
0,75 km 1 ph
(616,522.00)
20. Thonnicka
(i) New Rd Connecting
Luxapana & Thruvalluvar veethy 1 km 1 ph
(ii) Rd connecting Agathiyar Navanagal
veethy Luxapana 0,5 km 1 ph
(iii) Rd connecting Appar veethy (iv) Agaththiar Parathy veethy 1 km
(v) Rd connecting Nagapoosany Amman veethy Alady Appar veethy 0.5 km
(1,037,190.00)


Page 105
VAVUNYAPLAN
Annexure 16(a) (ctd)
21. Kantha Puram Thavasikulam
() Kooman Kulam veethy 0.5 km 1 ph
(ii) Thavasi Kulam Pilliar veethy 1st & 2nd
lane 0.5 km 1 ph
(iii) Thavasikullam, Bala Vinayagar veety, 1st
& 2nd lane 1 km 1 ph
(iv) Kanthapuram 2 nd lane Pannichchan
kulam 0.5 km
(864,325.00)
22. KOOman Kulam
(i) Seran lane 0.5 km (ii) G.S.Veethy 0.5 km (iii) Pankiyan lane 0.5 km 1.5 km 3 ph (iV) Kandy Road 0.25 km 4.6 km 1 ph (v) Anna veethy 0.25 km (vi) Ammankovil veethy1 km (vii)Muniappar veethy O.25 km (viii) Solan kulam 0.3 km (ix) Valluvar veethy 0.25 km (x) 1st Cross Rd 0.75 km (xi) Nagar luppaikulam 1.1 km (xii) Panichchan Kulam vethy 0.5 km 3ph
(2,804,230.00)
(23) Samayapuram
(i) Manipuram 1.75 km 2 km
1.25 km 1 ph (ii) Circular Rd 1.75 km
(1,384,762.00)

(24) Nochchimoddai
(i) Sivakumaran thoddam 0.75 km
3 km 3 ph (ii) Peyadikulankulam 3.0 km 3.7 km 1 ph (iii) Nochchimoddai Internal Road 3.0 km
- (2,706,880.00) (25) Thandikulam ..
(i) Oyar Sinnakulam area 3 km
(ii) Pthiniyar Mahilan kulam area 2.5km
3.5km
(iii) Thandikulam 2 1/2 km 5 km 1 ph (iv) Thirunavat kulam area 21/2 km
(3,386,050.00) 26. Ellappar Marưthankulam
Housing Scheme (I) 1 km 33 kv (ii) 1 – 100 kva sub station (iii) 2 km 3 ph LT (iv) 4 km 1 ph PT (v) 1 km 3 ph L.T under HT
(3,876,290.00) For Settlers in H.S in 1998
(1) 2 km 3 ph (ii) dkm 1 ph
(1,643,400.00) 27. Parathi Puram
(I) : 1-100 kva 33 kv / LT sub (ii) 1.5 km – 1 ph to 3ph (iii) Pilliar kovil 1 km 2km 3 ph (iv) Housing Scheme 1.5 km 2km 1ph (v) By roads 1.5 km
(4,420,700.00)
85


Page 106
Annexure 16(a) (ctd)
28. Nagar llluppai Kulam
(1) 2.1 km - 3 ph (ii) 1 -100 kva 33 kv /LT sub (iii) 0.9 km 3 ph (iv) 3.3 km 1 ph
(3,822, 192.00) 29. Sithamparapurm H.S
(i) 1.73 km 33 kn line (ii) 1 no sub 100 kva (iii) 1.48 km 3 ph.LT (iv) 4.67km 1 ph LT
(4,267,115.00)
30. Thalikulam
(i) Thalikulam Rd2 km . 3 ph (ii) Housing Scheme 3 m (iii) School Road 1 km 1 ph
(2,334,200.00)
31. Poowarasankulam
(i) Kudimanai Veethy 2 km 1ph
(6,914,600.00) 32. Ganeshapuram
(1) Diternal Road 1.5 km 1 km 3 ph (ii) School Road 1.5 km 2 km 1 ph
森 (1,167,100.00)
33. KOVi Puthukkulam
(i) 1st lane - 3rd crose ra 0.25 km (ii) 5th lane - 1st cross rd 0.1 km (iii) 6th lane (iv) Center Road 0,5 km (v) 9th lame - 1st crose ra 0.6 km 1.7 k1 ph (578,180.00) (vi) Kovilkulam Lane 11 0,2 km
(69,080.OO)
86
 

VAVUNIYA PLAN
34. Sivapuram
(i) Sivapuram 1 km (ii) Hajrapuram 0.8 km 1 km 3ph LT (iii) Puliankulam veethy 0.6 km 1.25km 1 ph (iv) Kobil Veethy 0.25 km
(908,050.00)


Page 107
VAVUNYAPLAN
Annexure 16 (b)
Electricity Proposals
01.Varikuddiyoor Work Content
() 1.5 KM 33 KV (ii) 160 kva Trans former sub (iii) 3 km 3 ph, LT (iv) 0.45 km 3 ph under HT (v) 9.0 km 1 ph LT (vi) 0.9 km 1 ph L.T under HT
02. Andiyapuliankulam
(i) 1 km 33 kv (ii) 100 kva Transformer sub (iii) 0.8 km 3 ph under HT (iv) 1.2 km 3 ph LT (V) 7.5 km 1 j LT
03. Kurukkal Puthukkulam
(i) 2.2 km of 33 km (ii) 160 kva sub station (iii 1.6 km 3 ph under HT (iv) 2.0 km 3 phLT (v) 3.9 km 1 ph
04. Arasadikulam
(!) 2.8 km 33 kv (ii) 100 kva transformer sub (iii) 1.6 km 3 ph under HT (iv) 1.0 km 3 ph (v) 3.9 km 1 ph

Cheddikulam Divisu
Estimated Cost
Rs 6,090,155.50
4,881,745.00
7,799,561.00
5,305,993.00
87


Page 108
Annexure 16 (b) Contd.
05. Illuppaikulam
(i) 100 kva sub (ii) 1.6 km 33 kv (iii) 0.8 km 3 ph (iv) 1.5 km 1 ph (v) 0.5 km 1 ph under HT
06. Karrarankulam & Village
(i) 1 km 33 kv (ii) 100 km sub (iii) 0.5 km 3 ph L.T under HT (iv) 2 km 3 ph LT (v) 7 km 1 ph 1ph LT
Under Chddedikulam Division 07. Muthaliar Kulam Old Village (i) Muthaliar kulam village
Madu Mannar Road 0.75 Km
(ii) Muthaliar kulam School
Madu Mannar Road O.5 km | 1.25 km 1 ph
08. Karampaimadu Village (i) Muthaliar kulam H.S.
Karampai Madu 0.75 km 1 ph
09. Vakaikddiya Olukkulan
(i) M.M.T. Road to Vakaikaddiya
Olukkulam Village ð.75 km
10. Sinna Kuan
(i) MMT Road to
Sinnakulam ROad 1.0 Km
88
 

VAVUNYAPLAN
2,433,712.00
4,959,735.00
431,750.00
259,050.00
259,050.00
345,400.00


Page 109
WAVUNYAPLAN
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Page 110
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Page 111
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