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டி s 1 1 ܗ
YCe || NORTH-EAST PRON
 

/INCIAL COUNCIL
*
OMALEE

Page 2


Page 3
- VAVUN
ISSUED ON TH THE PRESIDE
SERVICE HEL
GAMINI MAHA 29th, 30th AND
Office of the
North - Ea
Trinc
28th M

YA TODAY
E OCCASION OF NTIAL MOBILE D AT VAVUNIYA VIDYALAYA ON
) 31st MAY 1992
chief Secretary,
st Province,
malee.
у, 1992.

Page 4


Page 5
INTRC
This briefreport is placed bei involved in the Presidential N
helping them in their endeavour
people of this conflict torn distri
The first four chapters deal with of the District. The fifth chapter undertaken and the last chapte
reconstruction activities in the D
A separate handout has been pri speedup the normalization pro Excellency the President. The consequent to the Mobile Minist
have been included in this docum

DUCTION:
ore the Ministries and Agencies
Aobile Service, with the aim of
s to alleviate the sufferings of the
ct of Vavuniya.
l the socio- economic conditions
explains the development efforts
explains the rehabilitation and
istrict.
spared on the ongoing efforts to
:ess under the patronage of His benefits accrued to the District
y Services held in Vavuniya too
ent.

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Page 7
CHAPTER -
CHAPTER - II
i
CHAPTER -
CHAPTER - IV
CHAPTER - V
5. 5. 5.
CHAPTER - V
CON
BACKGRI
History of Area Climate
Soil
Land Use Demograp
ADMINIS
District Ad Role of the Local Gov People's O Law and O
ECOWOM
Economy Income anc Standard of Production Housing Health Faci Education
ECOWOM/
Economic I Roads and Irrigation F Transportal Power Banks
ADEVELOPM
Developmer
District Dev Developmer
REHABIL/7
Background Damages
Rehabilitatic Reconstructi Action Plan Presidential

ENTS
UND
he Administrative District of Vavuniya.
у
RATIO/W
ministration Governor and the Chief Secretary rnment
rganizations
rder
Y AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
基
Employment Living .
lities
C INFRASTRUCTURE
nfrastructure Bridges
acilities nd Communication
MENT PROGRAMME
nt Potential, Problems and Priorities. 'elopment Strategy at Activities
A77O/W AWD RECO/WS7RUVC 7/O/W
)
O
Mobile Service and Mobile Ministries
f

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Page 9
AGA
A.S.C
B.C.
D.A
D.A.P.H.
D.C DCB
E.R.R.P.
G.A.
G.S.N.
G.T.Z.
Ha
H.H.
.R.D.P. Kg LBCO
Mil.
M.P.
M PCS
ΝΕΡΟ
NHDA
P.B.
PMB
P.S. R.D.A. TRRO
S.R.S.
TCCS
U.C
UNHCR
USAID
V. C. K.
V.N.D.
V.S.S.D. W.S.T.D.
V.I.R.P.
ABBREVIATIONS
- Assistant Government Agent (D. - Agrarian Services Centre - Bank of Ceylon - Department of Agriculture - Department of Animal Producti - District Commissioner - Decentralized Budget - Emergency Rehabilitation and R - Government Agent - Grama Sevaka Niladari - Sri Lanka German Technical Co - Hectare - House holds - Integrated Rural Development P - Kilogramme - Livestock Breeders' Co-operativ - Millimetres
- Million - Member of Parliament - Multi-Purpose Co-operative Soc - North East Provincial Council - National Housing Development - People's Bank - Paddy Marketing Board - Pradeshiya Sabha - Road Development Authority - - The Refugees Rehabilitation Org
- Sri Lanka, Rupees - Thrift and Credit Co-operatives - Urban Council •− - United Nations High Commissio, - United States Agency for Interna - Vengala Cheddikulam AGA Divi - Vavuniya North AGA Division - Wavuniya South Sinhala AGADi - Vavuniya South Tamil AGA Divis - Village Irrigation Rehabilitation

AND ACRONYMS
ivision)
2n and Health
econstruction Programme
-Operation
rogramme
ይያ
Authority
anization
pciety
for Refugees ional Development Οη
ision
Oh! Project

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Page 11
1.1 :
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
CHAP
BACKG
History of the Admini
Area
Climate
Soil
Land Use
Demography

TER -
ROUND
strative District of Vavuniya.

Page 12


Page 13
CHAPT
HISTORY
The defeat of Pandaravanniyan at Katchillaimadu Chieftain's rule in the District and the whole of ish.
By the Proclamation of 01.10.1833 the country pose of administration and the Vavuniya District the Vavuniya Administrative District was created when the boundaries of all districts in the Northc process the Thunukkai Division was detached fr Jaffna District and the Pannagam Division of th Division of the Mannar District. The rest of the tivu District.
The District of Mullaitivu was renamed as the D the District Administration was moved from M District was administered till 1956 by an Assist Agent of the Northern Province. Thereafter Vav ment Agent stationed in Vavuniya. In September ed the Maritimepattu and Puthukudiyiruppu A. tached to the Mullaitivu District.
1.2 Area
Located in the Northern low-lands of the Island about 196,690.96 Ha. which is equivalent to 196
AREA OF WAVUNIYADISTRICT BY
P.S Division Sq. Kms
V. S. T. D. 604 - 56
V. S. S. D. . 202.79
V. C. K. D. 397.83
V. N. D., 761. 72
Total VK. 1966, 90
Source: Survey Office, Vavuniya.

ER -
on 31st October, 1803, brought an end to the Wanni was brought under the rule of the Brit
was demarcated into 5 Provinces for the purt fell within the Northern Province. However only in 1879. Later, it was abolished in 1898 rn Province were adjusted. In this adjustment om the Mullaitivu District and attached to the he Vavuniya District was attached to Manthai Vavuniya District was attached to the Mullai
istrict of Vavuniya when the Head Quarters of
Mullaitivu to Vavuniya in 1930. The Vavuniya ant Government Agent under the Government uniya is administered by a separate Governo 1978 when the Mullaitivu District was creatG. A. Divisions of Vavuniya District were at
the Vavuniya District has a landlocked area of 6.90 sq.km.
PRADESHIYA SABHA DIVISIONS
Table I/1
Hectare Percentage
60,456. 16 3 O 7
20,279. 61 O. 3
39,783. 19 20.2
76,172. OO 38. 8
196, 690.96 1 OO OO

Page 14
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• • • • „.^久割 osanopewowo • ~ ... „ �

Page 15
AREA OF VAVl BY PRADESHIYA
( in He
Source : Survey Office, Vavuniy
 

Fig. 1/1
JNIYA DISTRICT A SABA DIVISION
CtareS)

Page 16
The District is bounded on the North by the Mu District, on the West by the Mullaitivu, Mann by the Mullaitivu, Trincomalee and Anuradhap low in the District but the climatic conditions pursuits. The District is one of the poorest and 1
1.3 Climate
The District falls within the Dry Zone of Sri Lal of DDL.1, DL.1 and DL 1d.
Rainfall in the District is highly seasonal, the a defined Bi-model pattern. The Maha rainy seas and the Yala rainy season from late March to lat limits the agricultural activities to the Maha Sea ed.
In recent times, there has been a general declini agriculture of the District. The Table I/2 shov reason for the decline has not been scientifically
RAIN FALL
Year
1951 to 1980
1980 (Actual) 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Source : Department of
The mean monthly temperature of the District is the day and night. During October - January the tures, however, are generally suitable for crop c ture is available.

aitivu District, on the South by Anuradhapura r and Anuradhapura Districts and on the East a Districts. Resource endowment is relatively are favourable for wide-ranging agricultural ast developed in Sri Lanka.
ka and is divided into Agro-ecological regions
erage being 1,406 mm. characterising a well in extends from early October to late January 2 May. This seasonal nature of rainfall greatly son unless supplementary irrigation is provid
: in the rainfall pattern which has affected the is the rainfall averages for the District. The explained.
VAVUNIYA
Table I/2
Rainfall in mm
Average) 1, 406.9
761.. O 1,386. 0 1, 133 ... O l, 310. O 萍 2,390. O 1,678. O 1,929. O 1,098. 0
949. O 1, 252 ... O
Meteorology.
27.5c with a significant fluctuation between mean temperature is relatively low. Temperaltivation throughout the year provided mois

Page 17
MONTHLY TEMPERAT
Centigrade
350
3Oo
25o
2Oo
150
Oo
ሶገ .
حصہ حیے ܓ ܐ ܗܡܗ که سس جی -حه " سہ صبر محمي محاسی مسي محصے محصے صي
にイ
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June 29.2 31.3 33.7 34.5 33. 4 33.8 19.7 20. 1 21.7 23.8 24. 6 25. O 2
Source: Department of Meteorology

URE AVERAGES FOR 1958 - 80 AVUNIYA
FIG 1/2
- a N
ruly|Aug septoct nov dec Months 34 - 4 3 3 . 9 33 - 7 31 - 9 3 O. 1, 28 - 7 Mean Max . 24.5 24.3 23.9 23.2 22.2 21.6 Mean Min.

Page 18
MONTHLY RAIN
3.064
275十
250 + 225
175 -
15 O --
125 +
1 OO --
75 -
Rois
50 -
25 -- سسسسسسسس- k
- l
Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Source: Department of Meteorology
93.0 53.3 43.3 || 55.2 67.1 15.5
June

FALL AVERAGES FOR 1951 - '80
VAVUNIYA
foi ia mem.
- - . 35.3 75.2 94.7 221.0283.7269.7
July Aug Sept Oct. Now - Dec
Months
FIG /3
Οll2 826O ;
O
4.

Page 19
$ dcer ce :
0-4 „Miles
Land ữse Devis i crı : I virš 9ał on?).ę þau fottøych
so Soils of the Dry zone
默感- · - 斑本分Redc{csá8rown Fa%o 4Asマ#urnèe coysoïss aw&cc/a/críoferra’nı
*, , «-»
¡¡¡¡Sel-do-aSo/en, sotısı el so / o * e kako 7/af
·feママへややぐや
瓜圆Rock karoo A/a csi, | |Æ, o storya/ rewa natifs .
 
 

MAP I/2
VAVUNIYA : SOILS
1.
---- *28;績*****。
·/ss〜. .交 \z\
...«* ao *****· +........ */ ! '

Page 20
RANFALL 1980
25 OO -- ܒ
2OOO
1 OOO
5 OO SS SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SSS SS S
O 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Source : Department of Meteorology
 

- WAVUNIYA - 1989
Fig. 1/4
L
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Page 21
1.4 Soil and Groundwater
The landscape of the District is gently undulati comprises of minor water sheds and minor catchn Reddish Brown Earth, Low Humic Glays and Al and bottom lands. There are some pockets of Re. District which are more fertile and have better District. These soil groups offer only a limited working in a narrow moisture range. Except in consists mainly of hard crystalline rocks with limi
There are nearly 3,000 shallow dug wells of 4.5 nearly 1/3 of these wells could be utilized for cul to 1.0 hectare. There are about 300 tube wells a majority of these tube wells have shown yield red
1.5 Land Use
Basing on spot imagery and aerial photos in 198 cover which is about 45% of the total land. Abol The land use pattern in the District is given in Tab
V. C. K. V. S.
Urban Land -
Built Up land Agricultural Land -
- Homestead Garden 293O
Crop Land
- Paddy 378O Sparsely used cropland 12110
Other Crop Land 58O Forest Land -
- Natural Forest
~ Den Se F Ore St 1510 - Open Forest 1240 - Forest Plant ap Range Land -
- Scrub Land 4800 - Grass Land 12O a Non-Forest Marsh 150 Water bodies 219 O Barren Land. 70
TOTAL 3948O 2
In the Land Use Map 1981 - 88, the area given for
Source:- Centre for Remote Sensing, Department of

ng with 3-4 per cent slopes. The landscape ent basins. The principal soil grounds are the luvial Soil which occupy the concave valleys -Yellow Latosols in the northern parts of the roundwater potential than in the rest of the time for land preparation as the soil allows he northern part of the District the s bstrata ted groundwater potential.
m - 7.5 m diameters and about 9 m depth, tivation of subsidiary foodcrops of about 0.2 |vailable for drinking purposes. However, a uction during the past few years.
8 the major land use in Vavuniya is forestut 40% of the land is engaged in agriculture. le I/3.
WAVUNIYA DISTRICT
Table I/3
S.D. V. S.T.D. V. N. TOTAL 钻
40 4 OO dx 440
273 O 7770 340 1587Ο 8.1
447 O 9O 7 Ο 369 O 2010 1.O.. 7 522 O 166O 116O 4O15O 20.4 l60 OO 84O O. 4
489 O 2127 O 4572O 8.3390 42.6 62O 1260 228O 54 OO 2.7 2O 120 40 O. 1
2630 3760 6560 1775O 9 . Ο 13 O. 8O 4O 37 Ο 0.2 17 Ο 25 O 50 62O O. 3 25OO 41 OO 184O 1063O 5.4 10 O 9 O O. O.
OO. O
359 O 59 O3O 746OO 1967 OO
water includes only land water bodies.
Survey, Colombg.

Page 22
LAND US VAVUNY
Legend
Urban Land
Homestead Garden Paddy Sparesly used crop Other Crop Den se Fore St Open Forest Scrub Land Grass Land
Non Forest marsh Water bodies Barren Land
Source: Centre for Remote Sensir
10
 

E PATTERN
DISTRICT rig. 1/s
1587O
21 O1O
4O150
83.39 O
1775O
1O 630

Page 23
CD
Ñhの9
益勝
CD as
శక్త
O 4
를
|

"Y
N
−

Page 24
DISTRIBUTION OF LA
(LORENZCURVE FOR THE COM
OO
80
60
40 ル/
2O
کصلر . O ^- اس صے
O 2O 4 O
Per Cent O
Source: I.R.D.P. Office, Vavuniya
12

D-WAVUNIYADISTRICT
OSITE SAMPLE OF HOUSEHOLDS
FIG I/7
G. = 0.58
フ
イ
60 8O OO f Households

Page 25
The cultivated paddy land (ASweddumized) in th 10,900 Ha. come under Minor Irrigation Scher and about 4,200 Ha. cultivated under Major Ir 10,000 Ha. under Perennial and other crops. Th Scrub jungle and forest.
55% of the farmers operate holdings less than 2 Schemes are less than 1.5 Ha., reflecting the usu
All Classes Size
Le SS 1
No. of Area NO. O. Holdings Ha . || Holdil
V. N ., D 1947 43 65 V. S. S. D. 2225 3899 V. S.T. D. 6652 11358 3 V. C. K. D 4 O4 O 7294 1."
Total. 14864 269 16 6.
Source: Census of Agriculture, 1982.
In view of land holdings in Purana Villages, the efficient is quite predictable.
1.6 Demography
The District had a population of 95,428 in 198 increase to 152,000 in 1991. However due to v. and the population is now estimated to be abo growth rate of population in the District was 6 clined to 4.8% and in 1990 this had further dec Land/Man ratio is about 1.9 Ha.
The ethnic composition and its AGA division-wi

District amounts to 21,000 Ha. Of this extent es. 4,900 Ha. come under rainfed conditions igation Schemes. In addition, there are about 2 balance extent of land makes the uncultivated
Ha. In general, holdings under Major Irrigation all settlement scheme allocations.
PERATIONAL W-HOLDINGS
Table I/4
of Holdings & Class of Holdings than 1رA Ha Between 1. 2 - 8 Ha
Area No. of Area ngS Ha . || Holdings Ha
7O6 418 1241 3947 790 54 O 1435 3359 57 O 2338 2982 9 O2 O 778 1291 2262 6003
944 4587 7920 22329
pattern of ownership explained by the Gini Co
1 and it was projected that this number would Lrious reasons this population has been depleted ut 117,000. During the decade after 1950 the 5% and according to 1981 census this had deined to 2.1% (estimated). The present estimated
se distribution are shown in Table I/5 and I/6.
13

Page 26
14
POPULATION CLASSIF
VAVUN
A. G. A.
DIVISION TAMILS || MUS
W. S. T. D. 42, 196 3, V. S. S. D. 1,263 V. C. K. 17, 194 3, W. N. ll 313
TOTAL 71,966 7,
Source: Department of Census and S
ESTIMATED POPULA
VAVUN
BEFOR A. G. A. DVISION TAMELS | MUSI
V. S. T. D. 59, O35 3, 8 V. S. S. D. 255 V. C. K. 21, 845 4, 7 V. N. 14, 897
TOTAL 96,032 8, 6
Source: Kachcheri, Vavuniya

ED BY
ETHNICGROUP1981
(ADISTRICT
Table I/5
1981
IMS SINHALESE ΤΟΤΑΙ,
96. 2,910 48,502 21 12,352 14,036 21 212 21, 227 16 234 11, 663
'54 15, 708 95, 428 atistics.
ION BEFORE JUNE 1990 YA DISTRIC
Table I/6
E JUNE 1990
MS SINHALESE ΤΟΤΑ.,
61 92O 63, 816 O1 9, 656 9,912 46 72 26, 663 32 3 14, 932
40 10, 651 115, 323

Page 27
POPULATION OF ' 14
V. S. S. D 14O36
Source : Dept. of Census ar
 

VAVUNYA DISTRICT. Foi o 981 -
VN, D, 11663
V.C.K, D, 21227
d Statistics
1S

Page 28
6
POPULATION CLASSIF WAWUNYA DI
Source : Dept. of Census and
 

Fig. 1/9
ED BY ETHNIC GROUP TRICT - 1981
Singhalese 157Ο8
Muslims 754ד
Statistics

Page 29

POPULATION DENSITY VAVUNIYADISTRICT
Map 1/3
Mull. At Yu District
Y . . . . . . . orth At A Div.
TAtly cohn A.
ost MC
A MUn â D. M. a Pum A lot s r a cr
l R D I TAo • • to per som
Bo - 7 - do - over 800 e do
Ca m ut of populottorn to 8
17

Page 30
8
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
CHA
ADMIN
District Administratic
Role of the Governor
Local Government
People's Organization
Law and Order

PTER - II
ISTRATION
DV
and the Chief Secretary
S

Page 31
CHAPT
ADMINS
2.1 District Administration
The District Administration was given a new o duced with the setting up of a Provincial Counc and Eastern Provinces which was un fortunat Council became defunct in 1990. However, the in the Province, especially during one of the mo
Further changes are under way to ensure the di where people will express the needs and decide will be provided with necessary means and it wi
The administration at district and divisional leve
(1) Activities under reserved subjec ordinated at district level;
(2) Activities falling under the purvic
(3) Activities of local authorities coi
and Pradeshiya Sabhas.
The Organizational Chart given in Figure II Administration within the provincial administrat
One of the ways by which the North East Provi lution and overcame the conflict between the ti the Central Government and the tasks that were creation of District Commissioners and Division
The absence of the Provincial Council, the Bo heavy responsibilities on the Governor and the Provincial Council in terms of 13 Amendment No.42 of 1987 as amended by Act No.28 of 1 extent the Provincial Administration looks up t forming their functions. . . . -
At the provincial level, the following arrangeme of the Ministerial subjects.

ER -
TRATION
utlook when necessary adjustments were introil in 1988. A model was evolving in Northern ely crippled when the North East Provincial new arrangements introduced are still working st difficult times experienced in its history.
livery of services to the people at local levels on their priorities. Local level administration ll be accountable to the people.
ls handle the following cluster of activities:-
:ts and national programmes and projects co
w of the Provincial Council Subjects;
mprising Municipal Councils, Urban Councils
1 shows the present position of the District ive structure.
ncial Council smoothened the process of devoask entrusted to the District Administration by expected of the Provincial Council was by the |al Commissioners.
Secretary in District Administration
lard of Ministers and the Chief Minister casts : Chief Secretary. All powers conferred to the to the Constitution and Provincial Councils Act 990 are exercised by the Governor and to that ) the Chief Secretary and the Governor to per
:nt is in operation from 01.01.1992 in grouping
19

Page 32
O1.
O2.
O3.
O4.
O5.
O6.
O7.
SUBJECTS GROU
Chief Secretary's Secretariat
(a) District Administration (b) Local Government and Urban Pl (c) Rural Development (d) Public Administration, Personnel (e) Law and Order (f) Internal Audit (g) Official Languages
Ministry of Finance and Planning
(a) Finance (b) Planning
Ministry of Rehabilitation, Reconst
(a) Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (b) Social Welfare
(c) Co-operatives
(d) Industries
(e) Pover
(f) Töurism (g) Labour and Employment
Ministry of Agriculture, Lands and
(a) Agriculture
(b) Lands (c) Fisheries (d) Livestock Production and Health (e) Agrarian Services .ܝܗܝ* (f) Forestry
Ministry of Engineering Services
(a) Construction (b) Roads (c) Irrigation (d) Transport (e) Communication
Ministry of Health and Women's Af
(a) Health (b) Women's Affairs
Ministry of Education. Cultural Affa
(a) Education
(b) Cultural Affairs (c) Sports

ED UNDER MINISTRES
nning
Management and Training
uction Social Welfare and Co-operatives
Fisheries
rs and Sports

Page 33
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF
PRON
GOVERNOR
CHIEF MINISTE
CHIEF SECRETARY
لسبیس سے
PPSC :
DISTRICT COMMISSIONERS & GOVTAGENTS
« {) «X * «X ʼb » {
DIVISIONAL COMMISSIONERS & A. G. A. A.
t
够
L L SSLS S L SLL SLS L S SL S S LLL LLLL SLLLLLS SLS S SLLLLS SYSLLL LLLL LLLL SS
G. S. N. N.
00S SSLLLSS SYS SS0LLS S LLS S LLS SYS SLSS SZSS SYSLLS SLLLLLSSYSS SLL

HENORTH-EAST PROVINCE
FIG II/1
VINCIAL COUNCIL
BOARD OF MINISTERS
SECTOR SECRETARIES
PROVINCIAL HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS
DISTRICT LLSLLSLLSLLSL0SLL SYS0L SLLSSLL SLL SLLLSLSSLLS S LS S LL HEADS OF
e DEPARTMENTS
LOCAL AUTHORITIES
(U. C / M. C. & PRADESHYA SABAH)
GRAMODAYA MANDALAYAS
() r م
P. p. 9 p.
VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANISATIONS

Page 34
2.2.1 District Administration
The District Administration is under the cha Secretary. The Wanni electoral district, wh entitled to send five Members to the Parliam The District is divided into four (4) Division Divisions. Major Departments have their Dis taries report to the Chief Secretary through th
DIVISIONAL SECRETARY
NADHAR
A. G. A. G. N. D.
1. V. S. T. D. 42 2. V. S. S. D. 2 C. 3 ., V. N. K. 2C 4. V. C. K. 20
Total 1 O2
1.
Source: Kachcheri, Vavuniya. 2.3 Local Government
Local Government is a fully devolved subject Local Government and A.C.L.G.G. support the one Urban Council, namely the Wayuniy 102 Gramodaya Mandalayas are in the District. Special Commissioners. All the elected bodie present.
2.4 People's Organizations
In view of the present situation the role of Peo affairs is fairly marginal. Several People's Ol now defunct due to Various reasons.
However, the following Organizations, though 蠶 in food distribution, mingr construction and health and other minor relief works. They machinery of the District in times of crisis.
1 Gramodaya, Mandalayas. . 2 Rural Development Societies 3 MPCS
4 Agrarian Services Centres
2.5 Law and Order
Of the 102 Grama Sevaka Niladhari Divisions C Niladari Divisions which fall within the three A safe by the security forces. Provision of serv stationed in Vavuniya Town is restoring the However, the civil courts are yet to start functi will commence shortly. As a transitional arran been formed to assist the Police in maintaining
22

e of a Deputy Secretary reporting to the Chief comprises of four administrative districts, is and seven Members to the Provincial Council. Secretary's Divisions and 102 Grama Niladari ct level agencies in Vavuniya. Divisional SecreDeputy Secretary.
SDIVISIONS AND GRAMA SDIVISIONS
Table II/2
visions Villages
289 110 1 OO
67
566
of the Provincial Council. A Commissioner of functions of the Local Government. There is a Urban Council, four Pradeshiya Sabhas and
All the Local Bodies are now administered by s are defunct and 27 GMM are functioning at
e's Organizations in the management of public ganizations which were functional earlier are
ome are ಗ್ದಳ್ಲ! in their delivery, are mainly housing, skills ចួ public sanitation have been very helpful to the administrative
102 138 4. 8
four AGA Divisions in the District 40 Grama A Divisions have been cleared and declared is are improving in these areas. The Police rmal law and order.functions in this area. ing. The reconstruction of the Courts House ment the Public Vigilance Committees have I. and order.

Page 35
3. I
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5 . .
3.6 .
3.7
CHAPTE
ECONOMY AND HUMA
CONTEN
Eсопоту
Income and Employment
Standard of Living Production
3.41 Agriculture 3.4.2 : Li vestock
3.4.3. Industry
Housing Health Facilities
Education

R - I
W DEVELOPMENT
23

Page 36
CHAP
ECONOMY AND HU
3.1 Economy
The economy of the District is agriculture base the District are mainly determined by the clim central place serving several Districts, the ecol enced by the economic activities of the adjoini cultural hinter-lands, the ups and downs of th Vavuniya. Successful paddy cultivation or blac Vavuniya active. Another feature of the econol of Southern Districts and dry fish of Norther and taken to other areas. M
The economy cannot be defined as either lab hand, paddy milling utilizes the mechanical pC substantially high in this sector. On the other h whereas the other activities in paddy cultivation
Effective Labour Unions or Agricultural Wor District. The immigration that took place after in the sense, on the one hand it helped to sort
led to the emergence of an underprivileged, so the Society and to the development of enclaves (
3.2 income and Employment
More than 50% of the District Population was \ 1981. The situation has further deteriorated due in the District that took place subsequently. Nea food subsidy scheme. The prime source f inco an agricultural household received an income o sample survey conducted in 1986, Settlemen incomes well below the poverty line, indicatin and Lowerence Curve for the composite sample
In 1981 69% of males over 10 years of age and employed (Labour Force and Socio-Economic the female employed persons were eloged i backbone of the District agricultive. The rate 12% which has now further increased. Numbi crease until recently. In view of the seasonal n too fluctuate according to the opportunities avail
In 1981, 63.9% of employment came from agri
7.5% and Service Sector accounted for 9.8%. age, sex and sectors are given in Table III/1, an
24

ER - -
MAN DEVELOPMENT
. The nature and the pattern of development of tic and locational factors of Vavuniya. Being a omic activity of Vavuniya Town itself is influg Districts. The adjoining Districts being agriagricultural activities of these areas reflect in kgram cultivation in the hinterlands will make ny is its commodity transfer nature. Vegetables Districts are brought to the Vavuniya market
pur-intensive or capital-intensive. On the one wer. The labour engagement is observed to be and, Sowing and threshing are done by tractors are performed manually.
ker's Organizations are not functioning in the 983 gave new dimension to the rural economy, out labour shortage while on the other hand, it cially and economically disadvantaged strata in of poverty.
well below the absolute poverty income level in 2 to the destruction of economic and Social life rly 70% of the population is now living on the me of the people is agriculture. On an average f Rs.390/- per month in 1986. According to a t Schemes in the Vavuniya District received g the penury of the settlers. Gini Co-efficient
(in 1986) are shown in Figure III/1.
13.7% of females of over 10 years of age were Survey, 1981). It is significant that 65.4% of h agriculture sector. Female workers are the of unemployment during that time was around r of persons employed abroad was on the inture of agriculture, the rate of unemployment able.
:ultural sector. The Trade Sector accounted for he detail of employed population by industry, Table III/2.

Page 37
DISTRIBUTION OF INCOM
(LORENZCURVE FOR THE COMPC
1.OO
8 O
6 O
40
20
گسس
سکھے
كم
Source: I.R.D.P. Office, Vavuniya
20
40 Per Cent of

VAVUNYA DISTRICT
SITE SAMPLE OF HOUSEHOLDS
FIG III/1
G. I = O. 45
6 O 8O OO Households

Page 38
EMPLOYED POPULAT
(MAJOR GRO
District AI Profes- Admin Cleri and OCCUU- sional istrative and Category pati- Tecר"ג - " anಿ relat onal cal and Ma. ager- || work
related ial 6S
workers workers
Vavuniya 30, 1391, 156 623 82 Male 25,890 675 623 7 Female 4, 248 I 480 o 6
Source: Department of Census and Statistics - 1981.
Ministry of Plan Implementation.
3.3 Standard of Living
Physical Quality Life Index of District popula birth (1984) was 69.9 years. The dependency average ratio of 65.3. The Nutrition status of stunning 38.87%. Sources of drinking water (1 pipe borne water 3.5%, protected well 74.6% other sources 8.5%.
In 1983, of the total of 124 schools only 5 sch housing unit had flush toilet for exclusive use latrine for exclusive use in 1981. From 1980 to the District, Women's participation in the ecor tion rates in education is rather low. In 1981, p. years was 74.2% and of the age 10 to 14 year: nature of value system it would be expected that
The prevalence of "Attitudinal and Moral Haz "refugee culture" and "relief and rehabilitation attention. . V−
3.4 Production
3.4.1 Agriculture
Paddy is the main crop in the District under b asweddumized extent of paddy land is nearly 20 to Maha Season. The detail of extent of paddy l;
26

ON BYOCCUPATION PS AND SEX)
Table III/1
al Sales Serv- Agricu- Product- Workers workers lices ltural ion and not d work- Animal related classified
6erS husbandary workers, by
and forest Transport occupafisherman Equip't tion. and hunter Operator
and Lab
OUr6 fS
8 1,882 93119, 280 5,342 92 61, 862 900 16, 1674,830 61 51 2O 30 3, 112 511 3 O
tion was 88.7 in 1981. The life expectancy at ratio was 74.8 as against (1982) the national Pre-school children was wasting 13.57% and 981) available to occupied housing units were, , unprotected well 13.4% and River Tank and
hools had pipe borne water. Only 2.2% of the and 3.8% of housing units had water sealed 1984 nearly 1500 latrines were constructed in omic activity is high. However, the participaarticipation rate of females of the age of 5 to 9 was 68.8%. In view of the present transition the status of women ought to be better.
ards" in the District caused by "gun culture", culture" cannot be denied. This needs serious
oth rainfed and irrigation schemes. The total ,000 Ha. Paddy cultivation is mainly confined unds shown in Table III/3.

Page 39
EMPLOYED POPULATION BY INDU
Sector, Industry and O-14
Sex
All Industries Total 473 M 349 F 24
1. Agricultural, Hunting,
Forestry & Fishing Total 340 M 248 F 92
2. Mining & Quarrying Total
M F -
3. Manufacture Totali 5 M 5
F 8 b sik
4. Electricity, Gas Water Total A. At
M a
F > YMMA
5. Construction (Civil Work) Total 3 M 3 F
6. Wholesale & Retail Trade
Restaurants & Hotels Total 37 M 37
F a A.
Transport, Storage & Communication Total OM A
M i gaga
F
8. Finance, Insurance, Real
Estate & Business
Services Total
M & Air
F 4.
9. Community, Social &
Personal Services Total 33 M 17 F 16
10. Activities not adequately
defined Total 45 M 29 F 16
M - Males
F - Females
O3. Manufacture: Food manufacture,
Bakery products, E Pottery, Iron and
Source: Sri Lanka Census of Population and Housing, 1981, Report, Vol. I, Part XII, Department of Census & S

STRY AGE SEX AND SECTORS 1981
Table III/2
15-19 2 O-59 60-74. Over 75 Total of Total
2,822 24, 322 1, 469 160 29, 246 100 2, 356 21,013 1, 353 152 25, 223 100 466 3,309 116 8 4, O23 100
1984 15, 138 1, 114 110 18, 686 63.9 1, 630 13 049 1,019 106 16, O52 63.. 6
354 2,089 95 4. 2, 634 65.6
6 47 4. 57 O. 2 6 46 4. 56 O. 2 O. O
89 784 39 5 932 3.2 84 743 39 5 882 3.5 5 41 A 46 1. 1
2 54 56 O. 2 2 54 56 O. 2
21. 433 14 2 473 1. 6 21 415 14 2 455 1 .. 8 18 sup, usu 18 O. 4
256 l, 772 116 15 2, 196 7.5 251 1,718 112 15 2, 133 8.5 S 54 4. 63. 1 .. 6
16 823 6 2 847 2.9 15 789 6 2 812 3.2 l 34 m up o 35 O. 9
3 176 a. 179 O. 6
2 164 no O 166 O. 7
l l2 4 WP 13 O. 3
115 2,663 49 7 2,867 9.8 86 2,067 39 6 2,215 8.8 29 596 10 1. 652 16.2
330 2,432 127 19 2,953 10.1 259 1968 120 16 2,392 9.5 71. 464 7 3 561 .. 3
Paddy hulling, Textile weaving, Beverage industries, Furniture,
Steel fabrication etc.
Vavuniya District tatistics, Colombo.
27 .

Page 40
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28
 
 
 
 

18
16
14
12
10
EXTENT OF PADDY CULTIVATION VAVUNIYA DISTRICT - MAHA SEASON
Thousands
Fig. III/2
ExTENT OF PADDY CULTIVATION VAVUNIYA DISTRICT -- YALA SEASON
Thousands·Fig. III/3
5
\\

Page 41
EXTENT OF PADDYLAN
RRIGATION SCHEMES :
(In Hec
Ext AGA Division
Major
V. S. T. D. 1125 V. S. S. D. 1950 V. N. 108 V. C. K. 1529
v. S.T.D. 4352
Source: Department of Agriculture, Vavuniya.
However, due to climatic and security factors, maximum during the recent past. The Table III.
years.
EXTENT OF PADDY CULTIVATED AND
(in Hect
Maha Year
Cultivated Harvested
1980/81 15, 537 11, 627 1981/82 13, 509 8, 007 1982/83 14,513 12,012 1983/84 14,994 11, 471 1984/85 11, 757 7, 888 1985/86 8,487 7, 150 1986/87 4,894 1, 773 1987/88 7, O90 6,381 1988/89 3, 119 2,963 1989/90 3, 274 3, 261
Source: Statistical Abstract - 1991
Department of Census and Statistics.

UNDER RAINFED AND VAVUNIYADISTRICT tares)
Table III/3
ent to Paddy Land (Low)
Minor Rainfed Total
5875 241.3 9 413 929 732 3251 2O3 1257 3396 1894 64 O 4 O 63
O729 5042 2014.3
paddy cultivation was not undertaken to the 4 shows the performance during the past few
HARVESTED - VAVUNYA DISTRICI асres)
s Table III/4
Yala
Year Cultivated Harvested
1981 166 m 66 982 358 358 1983 213 213 1984 4, 516 4,516 1985 141 141 1986 1,447 1,397 1987 79 72 1988 372 336 1989 Nil Nil 1990 Nil Nil
29

Page 42
* CROPPING INTENSITY
(*) Total cultivable extent of paddy
Year SeaSOn
Year 1982 Maha 81/82
Yala 82 Year 1983 Maha 82/83
Yala 83 Year 1984 Maha 83/84
Yala 84 Year 1985 Maha 84/85
Yala 85 Year 1986 Maha 85/86
Yala 86 Year 1987 Maha 86/87
Yala 87 Year 1988 Maha 87/88
Yala 88 Year 1989 Maha 88/89
Yala 89 Year 1990 Maha 89/90
Yala 9 O Year 1991 Maha 90/91
Yala 91
Source: Department of Agriculture, Vavuniya.
According to the Department of Agriculture, cultivated and an extent of 5, 176 Ha. was culti a heavy fluctuation in the extent of land cultiv steadily during the past few years. This varial proved packages of practices by the farmers.
The decline in the cropping intensity of paddy c
Highland crops are cultivated in about 11,00. Maha season. However, this extent could be in Vavuniya District produces blackgrams during Ha. are brought under this crop. With the pres MT/Ha is received. Vegetables produced with s market. Horticulture is undertaken on a homes tural crops in the district is very high.
Production of various crops and their contrib Table III/6.
30

FOR PADDY 1982 - 1991
in the district = 20, 123 Ha.
Table III/5
Cultivated Cropping Extent (Ha . ) Intensity
L5428 Ha. )
344 Ha . ) = 78。38巻 L4908 Ha . )
238 Ha . ) = 75。27巻 L7524 Ha . )
5176 Ha. ) =112。8 名 L04 09 Ha. )
14 0 Ha . ) = 52・42巻 9013 Ha. ) 1790 Ha . ) = 53。68発 6445 Ha . )
105 Ha . ) = 32・55巻 8453 Ha. )
388 Ha . ) = 43・93巻 2665 Ha . )
O. ) = 13。24名 2731 Ha . )
223 Ha . ) = 14。68名 3267 Ha . )
485 Ha . ) = 18。65巻
during 1983/84 Maha Season 17524 Ha. were vated during Yala 1984. Though there has been ated, yield per unit of land has been increasing .ion could be attributed to the adoption of im
ver time is shown in Table III/5.
) Ha. mainly under rainfed conditions during creased if marginal lands are properly utilized. Maha seasons when an extent of about 12,000 ent system of cultivation an average yield of 1 upplementary irrigation are mainly for the local tead basis. Potential for expansion of horticul
ution to the National Production are given in

Page 43
CROPS AND THRAVERAGE NATIONAL PRODUCTIC
Total Crop Unit Units
Paddy (ASweddumised) Ha . || 20 , 170
Kurakkan MT 146 Black gram M.T. 396 Green gram M.T. 183 Ground nut M. T. 22.2 Dry Chillies M.T. 916 Red Onion M.T. 3 OO
Source: Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya.
In view of the uncertain nature of the rainfall a Agricultural Committee is seriously considerin Minor irrigation lands by which change an ope
3.4.2 Livestock
Cattle farming in the Vavuniya District is equ all farmers are rearing cattle for different pur ferent sizes. VM
The average milk collection per day in Vavu around 6,000 litres prior to June 1990. There v of buffaloes in the District in 1982. A total of an estimated number of livestock as indicated b
No. of holdings - 12,922 Neat Cattle - 4
Goats - 10,000 Fowls - 5
It is obvious that production level are low anc programmes 2 to 2/3 folds. However, it is no 463 buffaloes, 4,434 goats and 27,257 birds in The white animal herds reared in and around draught power. In recent times, farmers are f merit of these animals.
The Department of A.P. & H. has organized 1989. It has 28 branches with a total membersh
In the past few years, not only the commercial became non-functional due to loss of birds, dar

ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION TO N-VAVUNIYADISTRICT
Table III/6
Contribu tion to Period Average National
Total
2。6 名 2. 47 & || Maha 1984/85 to 1988/89 46. 47* | Maha `1984/85 to 1988/89 1. 43* | Maha 1984/85 to 1988/89
2。7 名 Maha 1985/86 to 1988/89 6。5 名 Maha 1984/85 to 1988/89 17。0 名 Maha 1984/85 to 1988/89
ind poor minor irrigation conditions, the District g crop diversification for Manawari (Maha) and ning for a sustainable agriculture is expected.
ally important as paddy farming because almost poses in a traditional manner. Herds are of dif
niya District excluding local consumption was were 45,000 heads of neat cattle and 1,000 heads 12,992 agricultural holdings in 489 villages had below:
5,000 Buffaloes - 1,000
9,000 Total Cow Units - 47,590
| could be easily increased by suitable breeding w estimated that there are about 21,029 cattle, 5,320 holding in the District.
the Vavuniya District are the sources of animal ced with difficulties in maintaining the genetic
a Livestock Breeders' Co-operative Society in hip of 911 and a capital of Rs. 134,000.
poultry farm but also the small homestead units mage to housing and lack of input supplies etc.
31

Page 44
3.4.3 industry
Vavuniya was called town of paddy mills wh employment opportunities. Prior to 1986 abou Next to paddy mills, light engineering works and milling are also done in a small scale.
Though Vavuniya is the closest location to the various construction purposes, metal crushing
The Handloom Industry which was introduce District has almost died at its infant stages. Pi tioning in the District.
Revival of industries need a conducive envir 1116d.SU1ICS.
3.5 Housing
During the past few years, Housing experie destruction took place in the District. In 19 17, 171 of which 2,367 were permanent, 11,2] vised in nature. The District has benefitted by in the country. Table III/7 shows the numbe Housing Programme.
ONE MILLION HOU VAVUNYA
Rural Housing Loan Payment - Nature of Loan Granted 1.
New Houses and Latrine Incremental core House Upgrading of House and Latrine Improvement of well Construction of Latrine Electricity supply to
the House - New Well
TOTAL 2.
Source: National Housing Development Authori
32

ch brought income to the District and provided 60 paddy mills were functioning in the District. provided employment opportunities. Quarrying
Northern region which needs granite metal for ndustry has not improved.
i by the Department of Small Industries in the or to 1983 there were 6 Weaving Centres func
inment and sufficiently attractive rehabilitation
ced a mixed situation where construction and 81, the District had a housing stock of nearly 7 were semi-permanent and 3,317 were impro
the General Housing Programme implemented r of families benefited under the One Million
SING PROGRAMME
DISTRICT
Table III/7
els --
l o. of Families Benefitted
984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
33 23 22 52 48 66 57 34 28 65 O2 Y P
32 55 48 23 39 35 32 31 21 O4 14 21 29 33 O8 O1 O2 O5
)3 O2 11 O1 O7 O1 11 2O 36 15 86
6 189 158 182 127 214
y, Vavuniya.

Page 45
ONE MILLON HOU
VAVUNIYA
Urban Housing Loan Payment - Nature aof Loan Granted 1.
New House Upgrading of House and Latrines Completion House Additional Space Latrine New House and Latrine Electricity connection Construction of well Repairs to Well
TOTAL
Source: National Housing Development Author
According to the Sample Survey of 1986/87 by of the houses were built of cement block/ston Also 34.8% of the houses were tiled roof and palmyrah leaves and straw. Only 7.1% of th households had water sealed latrines, and 9.1% Further 17.9% of the houses are supplied with
The houses that are now constructed are gene housing units had flush toilets for exclusive use for exclusive use. Out of 17,171 housing unit facilities.
Of the total housing units, 2,637 houses had acc pipe-borne drinking water inside the premises a housing units had drinking water facilities fro houses had wells outside the premises.
The situation is estimated to be improving little around the town area. *

SING PROGRAMME A DISTRICT
Table III/8
No. of Families Benefitted
984 1985 986 1987, 1988 1989
mo se O7 4. 69 38 O7
6
05 || 12 22 || 39 || 59 I ۔ ۔ ۔سے 1 = || 0 || 02 || - = || - - 1 = അ . ആ || 0 || 1,5 || 02 ! - അ | == -- Oo y 13 o3 o2 --
« O2 soo et 80 4
80 is O2 O1 10
ity, Vavuniya.
the Department of Census and Statistics 39.6% e and 48.8% of the houses were built of mud. 61.6% of the houses were with roof by cadjan, e households had flush toilets, 33.9% of the
of the household units did not have any toilets. electricity facility.
rally provided with latrines. In 1971 only 371
and 639 housing units had water sealed latrines s, 11,889 housing units did not have any toilet
cess to sources of drinking water. 79 houses had and 248 houses had outside the premises. 1,377 lm protected well within the premises and 581
with the construction of 350 tube wells in and
33

Page 46
3.6 Health Facilities
Health services are provided under strenuo where 80% of the population resides in rural port facilities, providing health services is ext
Causes for malnutrition are mainly poor inc health. Aneamia is one of the top ten causes C
Displacement of people and unstable conditi health in District. With severely depleted strel Years" will be a difficult task.
Table III/9 shows the Health Facilities availab
HEALTH FACILITIES
No. l Institutions
01 || Base Hospital ふ 1. 02 Peripheral Hospital 1. 03 Rural Hospital 1. O4 Maternity Hospital 2 05 Central Dispensaries 3
Source: R.D.H.S. Office, Vavuniya.
The present strength and staff requirements of
STAFF REOU REMEN
Post
2
o
1. Medical Officers (Curative S Medical Officers (Administra and Preventive Services) Dental Surgeons R. M. P. / A. M. P.
NurSeS
M. O. H.
P. H. I.
P. H. M.
Source: R.D.H.S. Office, Vavuniya.
34

s conditions in the District. In a poor District areas with inadequate communication and transemely difficult.
me and ignorance. Malaria is still a cause of ill hospitalization.
ons have added new problems to the state of the gth of staff and facilities, "Health for all in 2000
e in the District.
NVAVUNIYADISTRICT
Table III/9
No. of Hospital Beds
Institutions 1983 1991
(Vavuniya) 145 18O (Nedunkerny) 23 23 (Cheddikulam) 22 Defunct 16 Defunct -- Defunct
Vavuniya District are indicated in Table III/10.
TS ANDAVAILABILITY
Table III/10
Cadre Available
ervices) 194 O5 tive- ܚܝ
42 O2
O2 O2
12 O9
36 31
O1 O1
11. O2
35 11

Page 47
Indicators of Primary Health Care Centres in V
INDICATORS OF THE PRIMAR VAVU
Work Details
A. No. of Clinic Centres
No. of Wel. Baby Clinics hel No. of infants attended No. of Pre-school clinics Attendance of Pre-School chi
Immunization Triple & Polio
1st Dose - 2nd Dose - 3rd Dose - Booster A.T.T. - 1st Dose - 2nd Dose - Booster B. C. G. No. of schools taken for med No. of children examined No. with defects
B. No. of Anti-Natal Clinics No. expectant mothers Deliveries in Institutions
-do- by trained field midwi -do- by untrained midwives -do- without assistance Home visits by Public Health
C. No. of Family Planning Clini
Family Planning Acceptors Permanent Method
Temporary Method
Source: R.D.H.S. Office, Vavuniya.
3.7 Education
According to 1981 Census, the rate of literacy ( was 85.4% as compared with the national avera of rural sector of the District was 78.2%.
The District has a student population of 28,2 separate Divisional Education Office in this Dis ticipatory rates in educational institutions were r of 5-9, and males 73.4% again and female 68. the drop-out rate below grade 8 was 8%.

vuniya District are giren in Table III/11.
Y HEALTHCARE CENTRES IN
NIYA
Table III./11
1984 1985 1991
15 15 12 d 9 9 12 8776 1449 313
A. 4. 4. mo ano ldiren 2936 229 mo amb
729 2 3 454 1260 5624 3541 124 O 6O27 3559 932
-- 89 w «»
10285 4573 O. O.
1910 1322 q» o
25 3 vo 2389 1282 1150 ical exam 82 31 1.O 5222, 2O75 280 2751 511 22 O
O O 12 638 O 3786 458 1498 1228 VSS 16 77 09
30 4 O O. Op 31 4 O O6 Midwives 727 1693 214
CS 1. 10 4 ano
869 -- 490 854 | 643| 455
of the District population over 10 years of age ge of 87.2%. However, the literate population
00 with a total number of schools of 180. A trict was established in 1989. In 1981 the parmales 75.8%, females 74.2% between the ages 8% between the age group of 10 - 14. In 1983,
35

Page 48
At present, of the total 180 schools, 160 scho and 14 schools in the uncleared areas are not buildings and 50 schools are functioning in a and 10,638 students in uncleared area are at placed due to unsettled situation.
A Summary of the Student Enrolment per S III/12.
STUDENT ENROLMENTP
Grade Educational Board 1 -
V. S. S. D. 1284 V. S. T. D. 5537 V. N , - 204 ( W. C. K. 2396
TOTAL 11257
Source: Department of Education, Vavuniya.
CATEGORIZATION OF TEACHERS
Educational Graduate | Trai. Board Teachers || Теас,
Vavuniya Sinhala 12 45 Nedunkerny 21 29 Vavuniya Tamil 85 18 Cheddikulam 22 36
Total l4O 228
Source: Department of Education, Vavuniya.
3.7.1. Higher Education
The Provincial Council had established a Schc tioning in 1989. Due to the damages that occu rarily shifted to Vaddakachchy School Farm. T Indian Refugee Returnees.
36

ls are functioning. 06 schools in the cleared area functioning. 110 schools are functioning in own ternate buildings. 7,105 students in cleared area 2nding the schools. 257 teachers have been dis
chool Grades for the District is given in Table
RSCHOOL GRADES - 1991
Table III/12
Grade Grade Total 6 - 11 12 - 3
1046 23 2.353 4 112 389 OO 38 1947 55 w 4 O 42 1112 8 O 3588
827 547 2002
As PER oUALIFICATIONS/TRAINING
Table III/12 (a)
ned || Certified || GCE A/L|others||Total ners Teachers Holders
7 9 O as 64 23 67 O 14l 54 57 O8 422 13 61 O2 134
107 375 11. 86.
ol of Agriculture in Vavuniya and started funcrred in June 1990, the School had been tempohe school of Agriculture is now occupied by the

Page 49
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CT /III əTqeJ,
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z əpello)
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37

Page 50
38
4.1 :
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
CH
ECONOMIC
Economic Infrastr
Roads and Bridge
Irrigation Facilitic
Transport and Co.
Power
Banks

APTER IV
INFRASTRUCTURE
ONTENTS
исture
S
2S
титication

Page 51
CHAP
ECONOMIC NF
4.1 Economic infrastructure
Economic Infrastructure facilities in the Dist Districts. This has prevented the development
and the expansion of public transport to remote
4.2 Roads and Bridges
There are 180 km of 'A' and 'B' Class R. km/sq.km. Out of 4 categories of roads ` A' and 'C' and 'D' are either tarred or gravelle particularly difficult to use during the rainy s general, these roads require forming platf tarring and bridges. The Feeder Road Network
There are 126.6 miles of 'D' Class Roads anc Their distribution among Pradeshiya Sabhas I about 510 miles of rural roads are available in t
IMPORTANT RURAL ROAD
C. sue sculam AGA Division
Neriyakulam - Veppankulam Mfusa"kuthy — Kangarayankulam Periyapuliyankulam - Nedunkara Andiyapuliyankulam - Koolanku Kannadi - Periyathambanai.
Ve. Juya North AGA Division
1. Puliyankulam - Palayawadi
2. Puthuvilankulam - PuthOOr ROac 3. Nainamadu - Karappukutty 4. Ki garayankulam - K.rappuku
5. Kunsuddakulam - Pandarakulam
Vavuniya South Sinhala AGAT ivision
1. Kalkunda Maduwa - Aluthgama 2. Palayavoor - Tha ’asikulam
3. Pirappamaduwa
4. Palaya voor - Iyankaravoor

ER V
RAŞTRUCTURE
ict are much lower when compared to other of marketing facilities for agricultural products areas.
pads in the District which amounts to 0.9 and 'B' Class roads are metalled and tarred d. Most rural roads are in disrepair and are eason, partly due to lack of rural bridges. In rms, embankment, gravelling, metalling, of the District is given in Map IV/1.
62.1 miles of 'C' class roads in the District. Divisions is indicated below. A total length of he District.
DS IN VAVUNIYA DISTRICT
i Chenai lam
ty
39

Page 52
FEEDER ROADS IN VAVUNIYA
ቃ
WAYUNYA DisTRict
Key MAP of . SRI LANKA
سمه مrق س Kr
صرحت ه ح۶ A. V
Source: R. D. A., Vavuniya.
List of Feeder Roads
Cheddikulam AGA Division
. Mankulam - Maruthamadu - Minhettigama . Muthaliyakulam - Anaivillunthan . Neriyakulam - Thamankulam . Nelukulam - Neriyakulam . Cheddikulam - Thadarikulam . Pandichurichan - Andiyapuliyankulam . Piramanalakulam - Parappukadanthan
Vavuniya South Sinhala AGA Division
. Olukulam - Varikuttiyoor . Kalnaddinakulam - Asikulam . Iratperiyakulam - Puthoor ... Sinnaputhukulam - " . Madukanda - Iratperiyakulam . Maniarkulam - Pirappamaduwa
Vavuniya Nort
1. Nainamadu - Samalankulam 2. Periyakulam - Katkulam 3. Nedunkerni - Koolankulam
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

MAP-IV/1
V uwyYA souTw
1. нALesє х
"سومصممه
P هي
9° --
gos
scALEolo 2 4. 8
Més.
MAP ΟΕ WAWUNIYA
DISTRICT
Vavuniya South Tamil AGA Division
1. Poovarasankulam - Cheddikulam 2. Vairavapuliyankulam 3. Puthoor - Palamodai 4. Velikulam - Mamaduwa 5. Mamaduwa - Karunkalikulam 6. Mahilankulam - Pallamadu 7. Poovarasankulam - Thunukkai
(including Mannar) 8. Mamaduwa - Maraillupai 9. Omanthai - Illamaruthankulam 10. Rambalikulam - Palamoddai 11. Navatkulam - Marayadithakulam 12. Illamaruthankulam - Samalankulam 13. Pandikeithankulam - Marayadithakulam 14. Palamoddai - Moondumr*rip-u 15. Koolankulam - Marla
AGA Division
4. Nedunrerni - Thannimurippu 5. Kanagarayankulam District Boundary

Page 53
Vavuniya South Tamil AGA Division
Moondumurippu - Rasenthiranku Rasenthirankulam Iyankaravoor - Pavatkulam Kovilputhukulam - South Ilupaik Maharambalikulam - Thambanaic Bampaimadu - Sasthirikoolankul Kalikulam - Vannathikulam Vannankulam - Kothandarnochik Panicaneeravi - Periyamadu.
The distribution of rural roads among various Table IV/1.
A
RURAL ROAD
Distribution
Urban Council Roads
Vavuniya South Tamil Pradeshiya Vengalacheddikulam Pradeshiya S Vavuniya South Sinhala Pradeshi Vavuniya North Pradeshiya Sabha
Source: Department of Local Government, Vavuniya.
4.3 Irrigation Facilities
Vavuniya has no major rivers that can be tappe water resources experienced in recent times proposals under the Mahaweli Scheme, the l Therefore, the role of Major Irrigation Scheme vation of Water Resources become crucial. T minor irrigation schemes of which 138 are aba IV/2 gives the distribution of Major Irrigatio Minor Tanks.
Paddy being the major crop under these schen ured in terms of cropping intensity. The repo District (1981) was 86.4 as against the Nationa past.

lam
ulam
holai
ulam
Pradeshiya Sabha Divisions are given in
WUNYA DISTRICT
Table IV/1
Length in Roads Miles NOS .
11. 76 20 Sabha 141. 67 141 abha 44. 45 79 ya Sabha 138. 68 121 187. O9 7 O
d for irrigation. The severe strain on the district revived the request to implement the original ikelihood of which seems to be very remote. 's in Water Resources Management, and preserhere are 24 major irrigation schemes and 615 indoned. They depend mainly on rainfall. Table Tanks and Table IV/3 gives the distribution of
les, the efficiency of the water usage are measted average of cropping intensity for Vavuniya | average of 125. This has declined in the recent
41

Page 54
*ą,pɛRIYATHAMPANAI TAN,그닝 velan kuuam
ひょsaeuae_AM,● !
!
sae
soÁAn_NAMARUTHAMAOJ KULAM

Page 55
MAJOR TANKS IN VA
AGA Division No. of Tanks
V. S. T. D. 12 V. S. S. D. O6 V. C. K. O4 V, N, O2
TOTAL 24
Source: Irrigation Offices, Vavuniya and Pavatkulam.
MNORANKS IN VA
AGA Division Working Tanks
V. S. T. D. 252 V. S. S. D. 58 W. C. K. 78 V N, 89
TOTAL 477
Source: Department of Agrarian Services, Vavuniya.
M
There are five seasonal rivers in the District. D given in Table IV/4A
RIVER BASINS INVA
Total Catchment Name of the River Area (i
(Sq. Miles)
Peru Aru 146 ... O Kanagarayan Basin 350 ... O Pali Aru X 176 ... O Paranki Aru 325。0 Naya Aru 73 ... O
Source: Irrigation Office, Vavuniya.

AVUNYA DISTRICT
Table IV/2
Capacity Hectares (ml. Cu.mt)
13. 36 1473.7 45.62 2 683 ... 8 4, 30 694 - 2 1. 38 93.9
64., 66 . 4945, 6
VUNIYA DISTRICT
Table IV/3
Abandoned Total
Tanks Number
85 337 15 73 19 97 19 O8
138 615
'etails of catchment areas and total length are
VUNYA DISTRICT
Table IV/4A
Total Length within length Vavuniya in Miles) District
(in Miles)
2O ... O 4。5 46。0 1.75 36. O 13 ... O 45. O 14 ... O 14 ... O 4.5
42A,


Page 56
4.4. Transport and Communication
The NRTB Vavuniya Depot had a fleet of 26 bu by February, 1991. Since then the strength ha average run out of 20 buses per-day. Now the passengers per day. There are hardly any Vavl transport.
The District has one Supra Grade Post Office, c with 17 Sub Post Offices having postal deliver ties and 7 SPOO having telegraph delivery fac and telegraph facilities outside the Town area closed.
Telecommunication facilities are available o
Vavuniya Post Office has Telex facilities foi communication centres functioning in the Vavur
4.5 POWer
Outside Vavuniya Town, the areas where electr in Table IV/4.
ELFCTRICITY SCH
Name of Scheme Capaci
Tar
Thavasikulam 16C Nellukulam 25C Madukande 10C Omanthai 25C Sastrikoolankulam 1 OC Nochchikoddai 5C Mamaduwa 5C Eratperiyakulam 10C Puliyankulam 25C
Source: Ceylon Electricity Board
In view of the present situation only Vavuniya that are in the uncleared area have been extens vital role in the development of agriculture an Outside Vavuniya Town, only 290 consumers h This indicates that the utilization of electricity negligible.
426

ses prior to June 1990 and is left with only two s been increased to a fleet of 29 buses with an depot operates 1,235 kilometers carrying 3,000 niya-based private buses engaged in passenger
ine Grade I Post Office and 29 Sub Post Offices facilities, four SPOO having telephone faciliilities. Due to the present situation, telephone are not available and 4 sub post offices remain
nly in the Town area to a limited extent. The the public. In addition, there are 4 private iya Town.
icity supply schemes existed earlier, are given
EME IN VAVUNYA
Table IV/4
ty of the Date of sformer Commissioning
) K. V. A. 1983
1984
1984
- 1986
1986
1986
1986
1988
1988
sown area is supplied with electricity. Schemes ively damaged. Electricity supply will play a d rural development in the District in future. ave obtained electricity for domestic purposes. for agricultural purpose in rural areas is very


Page 57
4.6 Banks
The following Banks are functioningin Vavun.
1. Bank of Ceylon 2. People's Bank 3. Hatton National Bank.
Savings mobilization is done through TCCS, Bank of Ceylon, in the District. Institutional the District. Except for TCCSs, other Banks a from providing institutional commercial credit and rehabilitation activities as well. Due to va expected level. -
Amounts and number of loans granted by the
indicated in Table IV/5.
DETAILS OF LOAN STATE BANKS AS
Purpose NO
(a) Bank of Ceylon
1. Self Employment 19 2. Open dug well 15 3. Janasaviya 29 4. A. D. B. Loans O2 5 - REPPIA - T 192 6 . REPPA - II 14 7. Business O
(a) People's Bank
1. Relief &
Rehabilitation O3 2. Long Term Loans O1 3. Rural
Electrification 31.9 4 . Open Dug Wells 15
5. Self Employment
& Farm Machinery O4

ya Town :
Hatton National Bank, People's Bank and the :redit, is channelled through these institutions in e functioning only in the Vavuniya Town. Apart these Banks are now embarking on development rious reasons they are unable to function at the
State Banks as at the end of February, 1992 are
S GRANTED BY THE
ATFEBRUARY 1992
Table IV/5
e Amount
(in Rs. )
207, OOO 219,852 152, 500 47, 665 19,505, 500 2, 496,000 275,000
916,922. 500,000
2,030, 098 215, 717
62,000
43


Page 58
CHA
DEVELOPME
5.1 : Development Poten
5.1.1 : Potent
5.1.2 : Proble
5.1.3 : PriOrit
5.1.4 : Constr
5.2 : District Developme

APTER - V
ENT PROGRAMMES
INTENTS :
tial, Problems and Priorities
ial
WS
ies
aints
ut Strategy


Page 59
5.3
Development Activities
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4 :
5.3.5
5.3.6
5.3.7
5.3.8
5.3.9 :
5.3.10 :
5.3.11 :
5.3.12 :
5.3.13 :
5.3.14:
5.3.15 :
Development Prc Provincial Cound
I.R.D. P.
District Budget Agriculture
Livestock Irrigation
Lands
Health
Roads
Education
Telecommunicati Janasaviya
Food Stamp
Mid Day Meal
Environment

grammes sponsored by the il
Of
45


Page 60
CHA DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS, PR
5.1.1 Potentials
Human Resources and Natural Resources are t District. People of Vavuniya are industrious attitude which could be taken advantage of fo ing community is more receptive to extension :
A relatively large extent of land area suitable be brought under efficient and commercialized If efficiently managed, the water resource is si district.
Apart from the potential available for agro-b potentials for livestock industry are also enc place where granite metal is available to the N. for development. W Potential for clay-based and timber-based ind measures are undertaken. Potential is also avai the supply of items newly demanded by the co,
A substantial amount of inward remittance fro substantially if properly attracted. The knowle ees from abroad could be another advantage.
5.1.2. Development Problems
The development problems of the district are b
1. Majority of the people are belov
the vicious circle of poverty.
2. Though the literacy rate is hig lesser than the national average,
3. The district has low-land and lat
4. Lack of economic and social inf
5. Under-developed nature of reso
6. Lack of accessibility to the capit
7. Low-level of nutrition standards
8. Inadequate incentive schemes sp
opment.
9. Housing and sanitation are unsal

PTER V
OBLEMS AND PRIORITIES
he major potentials for development in Vavuniya and hard working with a high degree of saving capital formation within the district. The farmand new technology.
for variety of crops are available and this could cultivation. Population pressure on land is less. ufficient for a diversified cropping pattern in the
used industries and commercialized agriculture, rmously available. Vavuniya being the closest Orthern areas, quarrying is another potential area
lustries could be developed if proper renewable lable for Light Engineering activities specially in mmunity as their income level goes up.
m foreign employed persons could be enhanced dge and skills that would accompany the return
riefly enlisted below:-
the absolute poverty level. They are trapped in
her than that of the comparable districts, it is
»our productivity.
rastructural facilities.
CCS.
all assets and know-how.
and most prevalent diseases.
ecific to the needs of the district's rural devel
isfactory.


Page 61
5.1.3 Priorities
The development priorities of the district col sustainable development. Creating preconditic
lowing.
1. Maintenance of peace, law and
2. Resettlement of displaced perso
3. Providing sufficiently attractiv
activities of the people.
4. Rehabilitating the social and ecc
5. Providing sufficiently attractive
(a) Pursue their educationa
normal criteria applied.
(b) To provide the youth w they chose, by making a creating new institutions
(c) In order to prevent the
social life, necessary aes ing value system should
(d) Creating necessary envir any forms of social disc and dignity.
(e) Implementation of pove
ment programmes.
5.1.4 Constraints
Formulation and implementation of any mean by several factors. Few of such factors are ide
1. Lack of capital resources and re
2. Poor social and economic infr
and service delivery network.
3. Lack of development of a mark
producers.

ild be summed up as creating preconditions for in for sustainable development includes the fol
order.
hs with adequate assistance and safeguard.
'e assistance schemes to activate the economic
nomic infrastructure.
schemes for the youth to:
l pursuits according to their desire without the
ith opportunities for their skill development as irrangements with already existing institutions or
souths from going away from the mainstream of sthetic and cultural activities based on the emergbe developed and made available in the society.
onment to protect youths who took to arms from rimination, social deprivation and gain respect
rty alleviation programmes and human develop
ingful development programmes are constrained ntified below:
ceptive capacity of the people.
(structure, particularly transport, communication
eting system which will bring full benefits to the
47


Page 62
4. Lack of implementation capaciti
opment agencies.
5. Lack of political, social and reli local political will and the nation
5.2 District Development Strategy
A system is now being evolved gradually towar
The district development programme will brin, national programmes and the provincial progral the district development plan will include items under:- W YA
1. Medium Term Investment Programm
2. Criteria Based Investment Programm
3. I.R.D.P
4. D.C.B. activities.
5. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Pr(
The District Co-ordinating Committee (DCC) v government and provincial programmes by bri sion makers at both political and administrative
The, DCC will review all the development proj DCB, Provincial Council and the Government I.R.D.P will also be reviewed by the Committe Committee and Sectoral Sub Committees.
Hitherto the district development activities in Line Ministry policies and strategies. Under th tlement Schemes and the connected developme basis in the past. The first comprehensive area was the I.R.D.P which commenced implementa major investment programme such as V.I.R.F investments under Decentralized Budget still c)
5.3 Development Activities
Apart from the rehabilitation and reconstructio this document, there is hardly any major develo few years. However, the line agencies at distric ices that have been designed under national pro
48

es and managerial capabilities among the devel
gious leadership and inconsistency between the all political will.
ds a district strategy as explained below:
g together governmental activities in respect of mmes planned at the divisional level. Therefore, of capital development works to be undertaken
pgramme.
vill perform the crucial role of co-ordinating the nging together government and provincial deci
levels.
ects and inter-divisional programmes funded by t. The divisional plans of local authorities and e. The DCC will be serviced by a Planning Sub
Vavuniya district were carried out in terms of le Land Commissioners Department, Land Setnt programmes were implemented on a package -based development programme for the district tion in 1984 and was suspended in 1986. Other P. too were suspended during 1985-1986. The ntinue. ܗܝ
in programme which is dealt with separately in pment programme implemented during the past ct level endeavoured to provide maximum servgrammes.


Page 63
A total investment of Rs.2.9 million in 1989, F 1991 have taken place by way of capital inves sources of funds in the district. The Table V/l ex
CAPITAL INVESTMENT IND
BYLINEMINISTRES
E.
Component
Education Major f.rigation Minor Irrigation Local Gove.hment Health Agriculture and Livestock District Forst Office Postal and Telecommunication Road Development Department National Housing Development
Authority
TOTAL
Source: Kachcheri, Vavuniya.
5.3.1 Development Programmes Sponsor
Unlike the other Provincial Councils, the North in generating its own revenue.
Therefore, the development programmes spon: amounts received by way of grants from the C programme was implemented in Vavuniya Dist sources of provincial funds are criteria based rehabilitation and reconstruction grants.
Allocations and expenditure under the above sou Table V/2, V/3 and V/4.

s. 2.8 million in 1990 and Rs. 14.1 million in tment under various ministries from various plains the details of line ministry funding.
EVELOPMENT ACTIVTIES
VAVUNIYA DISTRICT
Table V/1
xpenditure in million Rupees
1989 1990 1991 Total
O. 94 153 751. 8.98 1 - 75 , 1.37 1.56 4 68 O. 19 O. 16 -O K6 O. 35 O. O3 O. 21 O. 24 to O 27 O 27 o A O. 75 . 44 2, 19
ex 48 2.92 2.92
as O. 20 O. 20
2.91 2 ... 81 14. 11 1983
ed by Provincial Council
East Provincial Council experience difficulties
sored by the Council has been limited by the entral Government. Prior to 1990 hardly any rict under Provincial Council's funds. Major grants, medium term investment grants and
Irces during 1990, 1991 and 1992 are given in
49


Page 64
ALOCATION AND EXPENDITUR
FUNDS - VAVUNY
C ba Gr MINISTRY/ DEPARTMENT (i
Al at
Ol. Interior
O2. Trade and Co-operatives
O3. Education
04. Irrigation
05. Highways
O6. Construction
O7. Health
08. Agriculture 3
09. Land
10. Animal Production
11. Rehabilitation
12. Planning
13. Agrarian Services
TOTAL 4.
Source: Ministry of Finance and Planning, N.E.)
NN.
Y .
9. عا
e O
s m t
O
O LO O yrmo
50

E FROM PROVINCIAL COUNCIL
A DISTRICT 1990
Table V/2
iteria Medium Term Rehabilised Investment tation and ants Grants Reconstruc
ıʼ tion Grants h "Ooo s) (in "ooo s) (in "ooo s)
loc || Expen || Alloc || Expen || Alloc || Expen ion dituration dituration ditur
lOO 81
472 472 || 168 OO || 5871 t 2317 2.317
* 2778 618 e 525 577 · ups
3OO 6
17 OOO 9 O32 3OO 374 s 33O 13 45 OO || 45 O O
555 1051 3250. 1090.4061721720
P.C.
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Page 65
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Page 66
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