Page 1


Page 2


Page 3


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Page 5
Rough Notes
REU

of a Trip to
NION

Page 6
′出z*灣 ~~~~sĩzoa,%い |-零%錢溥多績Ēze-Z, kus Xvnc. シミ kmsae sācavaese oz. ***卿%
·}}āžavaese /*?&. 娜*影y h者灵智. *「哪*atronomo.
* ...燃sae sa Zaže. ặės, y’) ≤ &ę załamasła. !*** aange.
けb
☆、シ
Rae-unidae.**
 
 
 
 
 
 

¿no des«os -
爬呼%&amy, Barne.
***ão, ĉasesẽ
· „saur &s'?--No*圾丝*4*響-窦滔《影–脚*令官 岬%ワグ‘노*닌/%에여_訓 å%&Ăwa tragē邝ワ%Brțité院****Rochek. Zoodes aegro劉シグ乙}>\~ deRooles Marso, nw , Asoo 3. GħżžeĒ})<~._(**$4eås 勵?*^$*?řụroca,
Arrozzae -pais soos -岱*z島yR急
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! !! !. Noerr. Lo”
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أفــعـصـ

Page 7
Rough )
RE
MAURITI
and
CEYLON
NAS

Notes of a Trip to
SUINION
IS
Frederic J. Mouat M. D.
引 Z
IAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EW DELHI k MADRAS k 1997

Page 8
ASEAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
* 3, HAUZ KHAS VILLAGE, NEW DELHI - || 100
CABLE : ASIA BOOKS, PH. : 660 187, 668594, FA
* 5, SRIPURAM FIRST STREET, MADRAS - 6000
@AES_ Price: *3$5.。 ..
First Published: 1852 First AES Reprint : New Delhi, 1984 Second AES Reprint : New Delhi, 1997
SBN: 81-206-0221-8
Published by J. Jetley for ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES C-2/15, SDA New Delhi- 110016 Printed at Subham Offset, Delhi- 110032

K: 0-6852805 , PH/FAX: 8265040

Page 9
IN December of l850 sudden and
temporary change, with relaxation residence in Lower Bengal of mol embarrassed as to the direction in wh:
for complete restoration in the shorte My personal predilections were in part of the Indian Ocean; but on to procure any information to guide
Others may possibly experience t regained health and strength, but der and amusement from my trip, I ha notes for the information of those sina
It is not, I believe, generally kno of Bourbon, within a few days' sail healthy climates in the whole worl mineral waters of rare virtue and effic
The Mauritius, being a British colo ed intercourse with India, is much be
aware of its great advantages as a res.
 

FA CE,
severe sickness compelled me to seek from duty, after a nearly unbroken 'e than ten years. I was somewhat ich it would be most advisable to search
st space of time.
favour of the islands in the southern enquiry I found it extremely difficult me in the selection of a Sanitarium. he same dificulty, and as I not only ived a considerable amount of pleasure ve ventured to publish a portion of my ilarly circumstanced. vin that there exists in the little island of Calcutta, one of the finest and most l, grand and beautiful scenery, and
асу.
onial possession carrying on an extendtter known, but comparatively few are
ort for Indian Invalids.

Page 10
iv
The hill districts of Ceylon, on til easily and constantly accessible, and search of health. They possess many notice in a sanitary point of view, ye imperfect is the information to be gath My notes are exactly what they They pretend to no literary excellence, of science in any ofits departments, an in the path that proved eminently bene The illustrations are executed by published in the Mauritius and Bourbo They convey a very faithful image represent, and will, I believe, be de gradual progress of art “under difficul is a compulsory, as it is also a novel so little has been heretofore attempted
success in Europe.

e very threshold of Hindustan, are frequently visited by pilgrims in advantages to recommend them to it is surprizing how very vague and red in India regarding them. rofess to be, rough and unpolished. attempt no researches into the arcana d are simply intended to guide others ficial to myself. Mr. C. Grant, chiefly from drawings n, which I brought up with me. of the places they are intended to emed a favourable evidence of the ties’ in the East, where Lithography substitute for Wood Engraving, and
in a direction now pursued with such

Page 11
ILLUST
Map of the Island of Reunion. Vignette. The Author's Travelling Companions.
View of Port Louis, Mauritius. Redeed front The Catholic Church. Port Louia. Moron as Dra The Schooner and Steaner. Mauritius, e The Protestant Church. Port Lowic. P. Beno Bassin du Barachois. St. Denis. Reunion. Fron Le Piton des Neiges. From the Plaine de Cafres, Pont du Barachois. St. Denis, ..
an of the Town of St. Denis, as ' Residence of M. G. Mamès. Rue de Paris, ..
he Government House. St. Denis, ... Catholic Church. Place de l'Eglize St. Denis, Chapel of the Assumption, .. to Abottoir de Saint Denis, A. Pofensoref, 8 to Falais de Justice, or Supreme Court, 4. Rouerin Domestic Servants. Emancipated slaves, ,
engal Coolies-' Before and after" Emigration. View on the road to Cilaos. 4. Ronsain,
bridge of the Grand Serré-Rouate to Salasie. Za
barda Garriga Bridge. A. Rourrin, . Mineral Springs of Cilaos, O
elaie-View from the spring ... he Hotel de Joinville, O) È ge and Aqueduct over the Ravino da Gol. A ändige offer the River Da Mat, 8
The Read to salasie. view from the Sarda Bridg * : ce •vor the Bavine des Cafres, .
 

町二亚昊
■
تعبیعتست.
RATIONS,
a Picture by B. Beaufoy,
øving by P. Benoist, a
ist, 6 s
a Lithograph by 4. Roti,
9 g
8 體爵
o 翰影
8 釁象
y is X
G.
. Maillard, .
. Roussis,
象蠶 è
卿豫 A.
O
Frontispiece. PREF Act.
is
KM
d :
O

Page 12
view of Peter Botte. Mauritius,
Government House. Mauritius, ... Mahébourg. V. Deva t4.r, . . Reduit, . . , Ob 8
View of the Entrance to the Basar. Port Louis, The Malartic Tomb-Champ de Mars. Port Louis View of Rathoongoode, Ceylon, from a Drawing by Rathoongoode Bungalow, 姆?· p Immigrants from the Coromandel Coast in Reunion

*盖
us
td ()
' W. Cleriew,
• 4. Rouesin,
够静
77
l0
l02
12
3
. 124
... 3

Page 13
T熙臀 TQ

D) REUN UO) IN

Page 14


Page 15
ROUGH NOTES OF
THE P.
AT four in the afternoon of Friday, ing myself at the window of my excelle Louis, watching the pretty girls passing they are neither few nor far betweennear the news room. A small quadra and pasted on every available spot fo them were soon assembled groups of time contemplated a trip to the neigh formed a small party for the excursion, up to that time been available.
A French ship, the Admiral Duperré ginning of the succeeding week, and th was also to wend her way across, as so the first of these that started we had ri
At the moment of posting the no Dolland's telescope of which I had testing its virtues upon the countenan with directed to the mysterious paper,
following
' PUBLIC
THE GOVERNMENT STEAME DES PATCHED TO RE-UNION, 26TH INST AT 4 P. M. FOR F.
Port Louis, April 25, 1851.
An involuntary shout of, Hurrah fo inmates of C.’s hospitable house, vi
B
 

TRIP TO RE-UNION.
ASSAGE,
the 25th of April, 1851, whilst amusnt and facetious friend C- of Port the corner of the Place D'Armes-and -there suddenly arose a stir and bustle ngular notice was being rapidly posted r public advertisements, and around curious spectators. We had for some bouring island of Re-union, and had but no means of getting there had
of Bordeaux, was to start at the bee gallant little war schooner, the Eglé, on as the European mail arrived: upon solved to trust our fortunes.
ice referred to, I had in my hand a just become the fortunate possessor, es of the fair passersby. It was forthwhen it brought distinctly to view the
NoTICE.’
PRINCE ALBERT WILL BE TO-MORROW, SATURDAY. THE EIGHT OR PASSAGE APPLY TO
HuNTER, IRELAND AND Co.'
Bourbon brought forth the other .., himself and our proposed fellow

Page 16
2
traveller, a gallant son of Mars, ow holding a responsible appointment in the most amiable, excellent, and gifted We incontinently held a committe wind, weather, and the non-arrival of Royal Highness with our society to the In this mood of mind each made hi but the dawn of the succeeding mornin plan. The flag-staff of the adjoining : head a mysterious black ball, which, advent of the mail schooner from Poir and the like catalogue of drawbacks to ject, had delayed her some days beyond The additional life, animation, and cheerful, and stirring community of Por witness, and strong proofs of the ene Indeed, I have never seen a town of sim genuine elements of the great business so large an amount of healthy activity. French and English antagonism is de occasionally exhibits itself in an unseer does it appear, om the whole, to be a thr settlement. One is apt to wonder wh its well-peopled streets, can possibly fir farious, and, in general, extremely de and inodorous market-place is by far
east, and a striking contrast to th of Calcutta. The plentiful supply of
 

ning Madras as his presidency, and the commission ruled over by one of officers in the whole of British India. 2 of ways and means, and resolved, the mail permitting, to honour His roadstead of St. Denis. is preparations for the coming event, g somewhat deranged our well-devised signal station presented at the maston being interpreted, notified the rt de Galle. Calms, contrary winds, which those who sail in ships are subthe expected and usualtime of transit. bustle infused into the already busy, tLouis by her arrival, were pleasing to rgy and spirit of its mixed population. ilar dimensions, with so much of the of life, or exhibiting on so small a scale Although a latent spirit of the old !eply grafted in its constitution, and mly brawl, or an ominous growl; yet iving, prosperous, and tolerably united ere the numerous shops that crowd ld customers to dispose of their multiar wares. Its well-regulated, clean the best thing of the kind in the
e dirty, noisy, ill-regulated bazars sparkling wholesome water, distri

Page 17
buted in every direction through ne decorum, and cleanliness of the rec dressed, good-looking ladies perambu stand of carriages for hire in front them with no mean pretensions to el something more suggestive of home, wealth of the city of palaces, the fin Madras, or the pretty and picturesque of Ceylon, with its cinnamon gardens,
By an amicable arrangement with t ence of the friendly feeling which ev rejoiced to witness between France for Bourbon, and the French settlemen the Peninsular and Oriental Company to the Mauritius, in a separate box, o, that island. To transport it to its ult a beautiful little war schooner, the officer in the republican navy. She the day of arrival of the European mai ous of making the acquaintance of t arrangements to go down in her, while considerations to prefer the steamer
After paying twenty dollars for arrangements left unfinished, both pal of a heavenly day, with a fine fresh weighing anchor and standing out Prince Albert.
There are probably few prettier and than the sea-board view of the Mau
в 2
 

3
at and tasteful fountains; the order, tangular streets; the number of wellating its busy thoroughfares; and the of the Government House, some of agance, strike the visitor from India as ind pleasing, than even the imposing e roads and park-like compounds of appearance of the well-watered capital lakes, and islands hé English government, and the exist}ry real well-wisher to his country is and Great Britain, the mail intended its in Madagascar, is carried to Galle by 's steamers. It is thence transmitted the Government mail schooners of imate destination is the special duty of Eglé, commanded by M. Leclair, an invariably starts in the afternoon of l, and usually carries down those desirhe sister isle. My friends had made I was induced by private and personal this caused our temporary separation.
my passage, and completing the few ties embarked at four in the afternoon favourable breeze blowing-the Eglé about half an hour sooner than the
more picturesque sights in the world itius on a fine clear day. The forts,

Page 18
churches, and harbour of Port Louis, which it lies imbedded, of themselves The curious, almost grotesque appearai the bold sweep of the Pouce, terminati stands the signal station, combined wit hills on the Pamplemouse side of th light of the departing sun.
I was much struck on this occasion remarks I had once read and noted, I Sicily. They were to the effect that depends not solely on the romantic or composition. In that land of the sun, and magical lines of colour, the softnes ful relief of lights and shadows, pr equalled, even in our finest days,” in n With equal accuracy might this hav “la belle Maurice' that fascinated us
As soon as the bell buoy at the mou! ed along the ridge of reefs leading to t ing into view the well cultivated distri their romantic ravines, variegated villa vation, and the weather side of the Por in the distance by the Trois Mammell of Savanne, ending in a bold, bluffrc forming the most southerly point of t
 

with the singular hills under the lee of form a strikingly interesting picture. nce of the far-famed Peter Botte, with ag in an abrupt bluff of rock on which h the gradually diminishing chain of e town, are all well seen in the purple
with the beauty and truth of some egarding the climate and scenery of
“ the charm of southern landscape beautiful features which enter into its the purity of the atmosphere, the rich s of the aéreal perspective, the powerduée impressions of pleasure, rarely orthern regions. been written of the charming view of in the occasion referred to.
of the harbour was passed, we steere embouchure of Grand River, bringts of Moka and Plain Wilhelms with , brightgreen patches of cane cultiLouis mountains. These are flanked s, and other hills towards the district k, separated from the main land and } island.

Page 19
Some of our party were engaged in v ed at their fast-fading homes, and ex dear ones so recently left behind. versed in Marryat’s code, and the di romantic heroines of Cooper's Pilot naval sweet-hearts. Others, like myst the world without local ties, were partl and always poetical tints of the pretty rays of the setting sun; and in part it ance of our fellow-travellers. The fr met us as soom as we were clear of the ed the major portion of the company, before the completion of our pilgrimag The deck of the little steamer was intended to aid her in towing up the of her passage down. The cabins belo that I doubt if even that modern sa have withstood their temperature for h the state of the ancient nymphs in potent influence they dissolved into liq My good friends had unfortunately turkey om which we had tiffed befor unmindful of the sage maxim of Dugal days, Iran a serious risk of dining wi Barmecide repast in the presence of th myself. From this dilemma I was sav chief of our party-a fine specimen C gentleman-an old retired naval offic log-book into a ledger. His womanki from mine-furnished him as plentifull dainty dame of Gilpin for his famous and on the succeeding day breakfasted another good Samaritan of the same s' The early part of the night was clea the bright stars of the southern hemi to court the drowsy god upon an ur
coal sacks with a small cask between t
all possible varieties of sounds caused those scattered around, when I was suc ed by a stentorian shout of “ Hard do
The gentle moon had now arisen a scene, fleecy masses of cloud were scu. steamer was taken aback, tossed about

atching the signals of recognition hoisthanging invisible salutations with the The ladies in the Mauritius are as well. tinctive flags of the island, as were the in the telegraph established with their lf, then birds of passage and citizens of t occupied in enjoying the ever-varying, panorama coloured by the chameléon scanning the movements and appearsh breeze and short pitching sea that influence of the land, speedily prostratfew of whom again raised their heads 6,
completely choked with bags of coal, wreck of the Blythswood, the object w were so insufferably hot and stifling, amander, Chabert, the fire king, could alf an hour, without being reduced to Sicily, when by some mysterious and uid fountains.
carried off the remainder of the fat e quitting the land, and as I had been di Dalgettie to “ victual myself for three th. Duke Humphrey, or partaking of a ose more prudent and provident than 2d by the hospitable kindness of the f the genuine old John Bull type of }r, who had long since converted his ld-reminding me that I was far away y with vivers and munition as did the ride. Of this I derived the benefit, and tiffed in a Sybarite fashion with amp, with a young wife at home. , and the heavens were studded with sphere. I had long essayed in vain easy couch composed of two moveable em, and had scarcely dozed of, amidst by the demon of sea-sickness among denly awoke by an awful bang, follown with your helm, you fool!' ld cast her pale silver light upon the ding rapidly across her disk, and the like a cockle-shell on the troubled

Page 20
waters. It was difficult to imagine at fi fusion worse confounded that immediate upon a rock and were settling fast, wil was about to burst. Amidst cries of jackass, and other strange ejaculations covered that the wheel and its guardia equality, and fraternity principles, an were steering us back to our starting p It is but fair to the worthy little s seaman, rejoicing in the soubriquet o on his patronymic, to mention, that th deck at midnight, and that no one in was past praying for.
Our gallant old commodore took th rights, but it was long before sleep aga running fire of wit, strange sounds, an from time to time in uncontrollable b there, will readily forget the exquisitel convey a picture of them to others is ir At dawn of day we were astir and appeared like a huge, light blue, faintly horizon. At sun-rise when our distanc miles or more, the sharp crest of the whole outline of the island easily made But, where was our friend the Eglé? direction, and one among us fancied turned out to be a delusion, for she w head, racing along like a skimmer of canvass. She shortly disappeared un mass towards which we were steering.
Long and tedious was our approac neatly built boat, was but a coal tub af ble current, and full steam-power, ma hour. She is said to have engines of represent a force of forty donkies, sc Her office is to tow vessels into Port Lo ed or in danger on the coast during th unequal to the latter duty, and was on She went out to aid a vessel in difficult board, but was unable to bring her in ship, which, with her unfortunate pilot foundered, for nothing has ever been h The aaonists sent home for another

5
rst what had gone wrong, from the conaly arose. Some thought we had struck hilst others imagined that the boiler * Mourir pour la patrie,**wallop your , order was restored, when it was disns had got drunk on genuine liberty, d mistaking the North for the South, )oint. kipper of the craft, a steady, careful f* Old swear-hard’, from a vile pun e irregularities begin after he left the formed him of the catastrophe until it
е command, and soon set matters to in visited us, broken as it was by the ld aching peals of laughter, that rung bursts across the deck. Few who were y ludicrous humours of that night; to mpossible. on the look out for Bourbon, which y traced mountain, towering above the :e could not have been short of forty Salazie was distinctly visible, and the
out.
The horizon was scanned in every he made her out in our wake; this as speedily discovered many miles a the seas, under a small pyramid of der the shadow of the mountainous
h. The Prince Albert, although a ter all, and with a fair wind, favourade scarcely four miserable knots an eighty horse-power-I doubt if they wretched was our rate of progress. Luis harbour, and to assist ships dismast2 hurricane months, but she is utterly ze the cause of an awful catastrophe. y, and succeeded in putting a pilot on to port: she cast off the ill-starred drifted out to sea, and most probably eard of them since.
steamer, and got out a second tub,

Page 21
more powerful than the first, but qu in fact a river boat fitted out.for sea w Were the government of the Maurit of at least 250 or 300 horse power, bui in bad weather, many a valuable ship lity be saved.
Had such a vessel been at the dispo, necessity for the despatch of the Pri existed. The ill-fated Blythswood destruction in the March cyclone, that from Calcutta, the Lord Nelson and former was dismasted, had her decks s logged. The latter was so severely i costly than her value; she has, there broken up.
The Blythswood was seen under a s. hovering about the island for a coup to have been actually off the harbour c put out to render her assistance, but The ship drifted to leeward and was the Eglé on her return from St. De donment at sea, and of the captain a taking to their boats.
The history of her being subsequent men, of her being found in excellen loss of her masts and rudder, and of minded conduct of the French Govern known. They are besides somewhat fore For some hours as we approached th The rising sun raised a cloud of vapour hills, and shrouded the shore in a semi About mid-day the light house of St. this time the peculiar features of th until at length they formed a magn coast, dotted at intervals with quaintnies of sugar-houses, backed by a loft every direction, by ragged, rugged, dar tance to the northward, appeared a del position of the road-stead of St. Denis. Close to the land we came up with by more than six hours in a run of les wind and was unable to make her anch anchor ourselves between 4 and 5 P. M. hours at sea.

te as unsuited to face heavy weather; ork.
ius in possession of a proper steamer, t for the navigation of the broad ocean ind cargo would in all human probabi
all of the authorities of Port Louis, the ce Albert to Bourbon, would not have was dismasted and narrowly escaped
handled so severely two other vessels the American ship Washington. The wept, and came into port all but waternjured as to make her repairs more fore, I believe, been sold and probably
mall fore-sail rigged on a jury-mast, le of days. At one time she was said f Port Louis. One of the steamers was driven back by stress of weather. conjectured to have foundered, when nis brought up the news of her abannd crew having saved themselves by
ly picked up by some French fishert condition with the exception of the the generous, disinterested and highor in regard to her, are already well ign to the purposes of my 'rough notes.’ e island, it seemed to recede from us. that enveloped the tops of the higher -obscure mist. int Suzanne was made out, and from e landscape gradually came into view, ificent panorama of highly cultivated ooking habitations, and the tall chimy range of mountains, intersected in k, precipitous ravines. In the far discate tracery of masts, indicating the
he Eglé which, after fairly beating us s than a hundred miles, lost her fair orage. We towed her in, and came to having bee: very nearly twenty-four

Page 22
SAINT I
RE-UNIoN, or BoURBoN, or MAscARE lations, according to Horsburgh, is an leagues from N. W. to S.E. which is it near the S. E. part, and the high-peal island is in about Lat. 21°9' S. Althou it is only a great mountain, in a mann three different places; the summit is which extends to the sea, is cleared and the remainder is covered with lava of gently and without noise; but it is s. In November, 1828, it was in a state mountain was visible above the horizo:
Such is the brief description of it of the eastern seas.
It is, in fact, of an irregular oval for Point de la Table in the S.E. being the
It rises rapidly from its iron-bound, i
 
 

DENIS
HAs, for it delights in all these appelisland of “round form about fourteen s greatest length. There is a volcano ked mountain mear the centre of the gh this island is larger than Mauritius, er cloven through the whole height in covered with wood, and its declivity cultivated in two-thirds of its circuit; the volcano, which generally burns ometimes violent in the rainy season. of activity, and the summit of the at ninety-seven miles distance.’ given by the celebrated hydrographer
m, Point des Galets in the N. W., and extreme limits of its greatest diameter.
hospitable coast, to its highest point,

Page 23
the Piton des Neiges, nearly in the ce crest of a bold, bare, rocky ridge divid mountains. It is, I believe, higher and has frequently been seen on a cle: Mauritius, at a distance very little, if
According to Bory de St. Vincent mountains, originating at different a part, which is the smallest, the subter of the north is much larger; the v great devastations, are now no longe valleys, rapid rivers, hemmed in by pe thrown into these valleys by which th often disposed as in the island of Staf great variety, deep fissures that indi ancient and dreadful physical revoluti led in several places is composed only or other burning lavas; these stone true sands are no where to be four name is composed of calcareous rubb the shore by the waves, where may the lavas of the island, which the m small pieces, of a bluish slaty appearar ST. DENIs, the chief town of the Isl in Lat. 20° 52' S. Long. 55° 57' E. point of the land, faces an open, expc the lee of a lofty, picturesque range of It is scarcely visible from the sea then appears a small town, from mo trees, shutting them out from a distan The most remarkable objects that fil are, the handsome range of stone bar. Government House, Artillery Barrac offing, presenting nothing very grand
Shortly after we had come to an a dozen creole rowers, and containing stern sheets, pulled off from the lar Surgeon, a man of no little consequen rantine laws are so rigidly enforced, Mauritius. He hailed us at a respectf with the very essential document kno vulgar tongue a “bill of health.’ when it turned out that he had eithe passport, urging that he had been d
C

9
tre of the isle. This snowy peak is the ng the Cilaos from the Salazie range of than even the summit of the volcano, r day from the neighbouring island of lnything, short of a hundred miles.
Bourbon is composed of two volcanic d distant periods, “ In the southern 'anean fires still commit ravages; that lcanic eruptions that formerly made r in action; species of basins, or little pendicular ramparts, little mountains eir course is impeded; basaltic prisms, a, in regular columns; beds of lava in cate a general convulsion, all attest ons. "The narrow flat shore interrupt7, as at Teneriffe, of basaltic pebbles, are washed into the sea by the rains; d; what is improperly called by that ish and of marine bodies, thrown upon be seen in miniature a collection of all notion of the tides has reduced to very hce.” and and the seat of its government, is It is situated at the most northerly psed, shingle beach, and is built under
hills. , until near the anchorage ground, and . st of the houses being surrounded by t view. - 'st strike the beholder on approaching, cacks, and the military hospital; the k, and public offices visible from the . or picturesque. nchor, a white boat, manned by half a an imposing looking personage in the ding pier. This contained the Port ze where the ancient and absurd quaas they are at Bourbon and in the ul distance, and enquired if we arrived *n as a * Patente de Santé,” or in our Dld Suvear-hard was called to the fore, r forgotten or neglected this necessary own once before without one, and that

Page 24
as nothing had then been said abo
OW.
This Sancho Panza sort of reasoni tic disciple of Esculapius, who was equ of argument, entreaty, and expostulat
mic influences, contagious catastrophe
health and regulating the laws of mo) at some of the remarks made, leaving tion of five days quarantine
Here was a pleasant dilemma-th swell, coated with coal-dust from stem Then arose vain lamentations over t reckless, wasteful expenditure of Stras
Among the various suggestions of town, and hang the doughty doctor to taneous shout of “ Vive la republiqu smoke; to up anchor and steer back f happened to be on board, inspect and crew and passengers; or to change th Separation
The existence of these quarantine sance, and a relic of days of ignoranc ble to the good sense or progress in kr
It would be useless to discuss so ledged inefficacy and foundation on e nized by those whose opinions should as to lead to the hope that they will or the Mahratta ditch, as means of ke ble enemy.
In ühe midst of our tribulation, hoisted at the flag staff, and receive intimation that the coast was clear, and as we liked. For this we had to thankt At the time of our arrival there we stead, among them an armed transpor wood.
The place of disembarkation was beyond the line of breakers on the b Paris, the principal street of the town the pier, exactly like that of a large passed up it, very much as they er Madras roads. The charge for each francs, the regulated police tariff of th

O
ut it, he deemed it of equally little use
ng produced no effect upon the dogmaLally in vain assailed with every species ion. He talked learnedly about epide2s, sacred duty of preserving the public rtality, and pulled off in high dudgeon for our consolation a parting benedic
le boat rolling incessantly in a heavy to stern, and no provisions on board he lost turkey, and useless sighs at the burgh pies and cold chicken.
the moment were, -to land, storm the ) the nearest lanterm; to raise a simulle,' and board the barrachois in the or Port Louis; to make a Doctor, who l grant certificates of soundness to the e name of the island from Reunion to
laws is, in truth, an unmitigated nui:e and idle dread, by no means creditanowledge of either island. vexed a question here. Their acknowrroneous principles, are so fully recogguide the public sense in such matters, are long be ranked with the Picts wall eping out an enterprizing and formida
magical little piece of bunting was d with a cheer of delight. It was an that we were at liberty to land as soon he sensible and kind-hearted Governor. re some eight or ten ships in the roadt, and the floating hull of the Blyths
an iron pier or barrachois, projected each, and continuous with the Rue de A ladder was let down alongside of ship, and the passengers and luggage ter the Haddington steamer in the person, including baggage, was ten e place.

Page 25
While we were taking up our pos crowd of spectators lined the shore. planking of the pier, evidences of bi selves, and I was strongly reminded of one years ago. There were the same House officers, looking as if time had over the fair face of labelle France. T and the blue-coated foot soldiers, wit and slouching, careless gait, very mucl days of the citizen king.
We were marched off under the cl whose hands our baggage was speedily
with much civility and politeness.
The custom houses of Bourbon an tions, in which every stranger is re; man, instead of being roughly handle -the practice of some other places th
There are two Hotels in St. Denis, vernement, the one to which we went, commanders of ships and bachelors: th the town and resorted to by families, bitants. The latteris undoubtedly the the objections to it are, its position usually open to a late hour. Both charges, and superior to the establis least, is expensive and ill-conducted, t his business, the servants lazy and Visitors from India should bear this
с 2
 

ition, and during our landing, a large
Immediately on placing foot on the sing in a foreign land presented themmy first visit to France some twenty. green coated, bearded, armed Custom stood still, and no change had passed here were the stalwart Gens D'Armes, n their long, bright-barrelled muskets, h as they used to be in the good old
large of a couple of searchers, through passed, and by whom we were treated
l Mauritius are well-ordered institu;arded as an honest man and a gentlel as if he were a smuggler or a thief ough which it was erst my lot to pass. hat of Joinville, on the Place du Gou. and which is chiefly frequented by the 2 other, the Hotel d'Europe, situated in as well as the better class of the inhaest arranged, and has the best cuisine; and the existence of a café which is are comparatively moderate in their ments at Port Louis, one of which at Le master being inattentive and above impudent, and the table indifferent. n mind, and especially not neglect to

Page 26
make a pucka agreement with the m quarters, or they will be treated as I w After endeavouring ina warm bath to we sat down to dinner at the table d’hé me was a dish of wild strawberries a English party had a separate table, in v treated. Fish and poultry are usuall dear and indifferent. The market is f vegetables as are in season. Among t tard apples, plantains, bananas, oranges or avocado pears, strawberries, and rather poor and tasteless. The mangoe of the island are said to be particularly ed than those of Bengal.
St. Denis being situated on the de dually rises from the sea beach to the bounded by the bases of the mountain r: but in a minor degree, the nature of th cumstance is doubtless due much of the of the two towns.
The streets of St. Denis are placed di are intersected at almost equal distances
ܢ-->ܠܶܠ ޢަރަ. '}
t
LA الكركد
بی\
Upon its eastern aspect the town is buil
 
 

itre d'hotel before taking up their S.
scrub off the coal dust of the Steamer, te, at which the greatest novelty to ld cream. Subsequently to this our hich we were not particularly well good in Bourbon, butcher's meat irly supplied with such fruits and he former, during our stay, were cusin great variety, pine-apples, alligator occasionally grapes, the two latter s, mangosteens, guavas, and leechees fine. All the fruits are better flavour
livity of the surrounding hills, graupper part of the town, which is ange in that direction. Such is also, e site of Port Louis, and to this circleanliness and excellent drainage
agonally nearly north and south, and by cross streets running east and west.
; on the side of the ravine leading to

Page 27
the canal des moulins and river of St. I stream, emptying itself into the sea n The road here is cut in zig-zag parall leading to the plaine de la Redou mountain of St. Denis, om which sta aspect the town is bounded by the Ri is the great cemetery, running along tacle of the dead, lulled by the cea foot. There is something very sol the enclosure, its peculiarly French and its singularly well chosen site. imagined than the sleepless, perpetu breaks upon the pebbly beach, whethe: night, or the sullen stunning roar of of the elements in the devastating hu
The most interesting tomb to an the plaine de la Redoute, in the f an officer, named Frazer, who was k with some hundred others, is said to b more romantic and appropriate spot been selected. I accidentally, durin pleasant, kind-hearted old gentleman its capture, and knew the man by whi The gallant Scot was a mounted off guished manner in which he was leadi and killed him from the neighbouring good feeling on both sides are preserv nity, who still remember the luxury, the invading force.
One anecdote of those by-gone da present on the occasion to which she light the civilization of old Anglo-Ind cally immortalized by the most poetic Colonel Keating, the British Gover an eccentric, but, in his way, hospitable the ladies had retired to the drawingment of the bottle and the hookah, pc more honoured in the breach than th The denizens of St. Denis have a musicians, and their taste for harmo chief proposed to her gentle guests to of this most humanizing of social : brilliant of its chords struck, and

3.
'enis, the latter a shallow, rocky-bedded lar the centre of the anchorage ground. ls ending in a solid substantial bridge e, race course, infantry barrack, and inds the signal station. On its eastern riére du Butor. Near its embouchure the sea shore-a fit spot for the recepeless roar of the mighty ocean near its 'mn and suggestive of meditation, in mode of decoration and distribution, What better emblem of eternity can be al motion of the ever-rolling wave as it in the gentle ripple of a calm starlight the awful surf, during the angry strife ?ricane.
Englishman, however, is one erected on
orm of an obelisk to the memory of illed in the capture of the island, and e buried beneath the monument. A for a soldier's grave could scarcely have g my stay in Reunion, fell in with a l, who was in the island at the time of om Frazer was shot. cer, and conspicuous from the distinng on his men-the tirailleur marked heights. Many traits of gallantry and 2d by the older members of the commuime horses, and brilliant equipments of
ays which I heard from a lady who was referred, exhibited in no very favorable ians of the Nabob school, so graphial and dramatic of historiams. nor of Bourbon after its conquest, was man. At one of his great state dinners room, leaving their lords to the enjoyst-prandial performances, now happily e observance. S. lways been celebrated for their skill as ny and melody. The lady of the island pass the weary interval in the exercise arts. The piano was opened, the most he liquid notes of the local Jenny Lind

Page 28
poured forth, when a pencil missive arrested the concord of sweet sounds. bidding the ladies, literally in the brave army, not to kick up a row
The impression produced by this been softened down by an interval of The houses in St. Denis are general shingle roofs, and occasionally a base small gardens laid out with much tas simple and neat, with polished floors and ornaments. Some few are dec cessful pretensions to architectural
. Manès in the Rue de Paris; the majc appear small, confined, and ill-ventilat the heavy storm shutters used both tion against hurricanes.
The real comforts of an English
doubt if there is such a thing as a goo bon. They are almost equally scarce baths that I saw being the glorious Plains Wilhelms, and the river at Bt extra item of expenditure, and althoug means realize our Indian notions of cle tial regard.
 

14
from the Tartar in the lower regions It was couched in the coarsest terms, terms of Tom Thumb's address to his
Oriento-gothic barbarism has scareely thirty years. ly built of wood, with sloping, barn-like, ment of basalt. They are enclosed in te and effect. The interiors are usually papered walls, and European furniture orited with considerable taste, and suc2legance, especially that of a Monsieur
ority, however, to a visitor from India, ed. All are more or less disfigured by here and in the Mauritius as a protec
residence are entirely wanting, and I d bathing room in the whole of Bourat the Mauritius, the only really good
one at Reduit, a Naiad's fountain at urnside. At the hotels baths form an gh good of their kind, do not by any anliness and propriety in this all-essen

Page 29
In Bourbon, as also in the sister. and the chief apartments of many of coloured paper, representing all poss scenery, battle pieces, and similar di coarsely executed, but produce a pl best that fell under my observation from the life of Napoleon, whose m respect and attachment even in this (
Some of the public buildings are liberality; others are small, but pr purposes. The Government House
house, facing the sea, with a miniat has a dwarf cupola in its centre, nei state rooms, although elegant and W. for the reception of so numerous a however, in extremely good taste, an most favorable estimate of its hospita architecturally more elegant, it is nei fitted up, as the barn-like casket which in Port Louis. The national flag is days, and all great state occasions.
The great glory of the town is til is scarcely finished, as it has at pre
 

5
isle, in the public rooms of the hotels, the houses, the walls are covered with ible varieties of landscapes, costumes, vices. The majority of them are very easing effect at a little distance. The were well known and familiar scenes emory seems to be regarded with much istant corner of the world. xcellent, and constructed on a scale of bably well adapted for their special is a neat and commodious dwelling
ure gardem and terrace in front. It ther ornamental nor imposing, and the all-furnished, are scarcely large enough
community. All connected with it is, | such as to impress a stranger with the ble and excellent inmates. Although her so commodious, nor so handsomely enshrines the representative of royalty hoisted on the cupola on Sundays, holi
le handsome Infantry barrack, which sent no officers' quarters attached to it.

Page 30
16
it is executed with a degree of conside efficiency of the soldiers lodged in it, tha and liberality of the French Governmen how any other feeling should ever regu of such valuable and expensive agents more especially tropical colonies. The of a few additional cubic feet of fresh air small proportional outlay in buildings, healthy and an unhealthy barrack. T economical direction is mot to be calcu loss even in this sordid sense is enorm human life that has been so frequently a trained and acclimated soldier is not rea can his needless sacrifice be justified by The Infantry Barrack of St. Denis is storied, and not unlike that of Chinsura jecting from its extremities on the sea f. the whole length of the structure, on t the guards, and to serve for all interiorp:
The rooms are large, well-ventilated, having an abundance of space. His kit and the arm racks are neatly arranged a rior means of disposing of them to the d they are usually placed in Indian barr above the ground, and each niche is n the soldier to whom the musket belongs room, and the dining tables of the men the apartment. Above the tables are provisions, and gogglets of drinking w airy appearance of the whole, are all tha The Serjeant Major and Colour Serj rooms, om the doors of which their name The building contains, in addition, t magazine for clothing and accoutrement nitions, both complete and as perfect There are, also, on the ground floor a regimental school-room. This with a the right of the great entrance, complet Immediately opposite the main entral it, is the regimental kitchen, construct worthy of universal adoption. It is eith forget exactly which, and around a cent. apparatus of every company in the regim

iration for the health, comfort and it reflects much credit on the wisdom t. It is scarcely possible to imagine late arrangements for the well-being as European troops, in distant, and site being well chosen, the difference for each man, with the comparatively makes all the distinction between a he ultimate cost of an error in the lated in money alone, -although the ous-but in the awful destruction of nd fatally witnessed in the east. The dily replaced by the raw recruit, nor any argument of economy. a long range of stone building, twoh, except that it has small wings proace. It has broad verandahs running he same side, large enough to muster arades and inspections in wet weather. and admirably arranged, each soldier is upon a small shelf above his head, cound central pillars. This is a supeisfigurement of the walls along which acks. The stands are arranged high larked with the name and number of There are twenty-six beds in each run between them in the centre of suspended from the ceiling, safes for ater. The cleanliness, cheerful and t could be desired. a. eant of each company have separate is and numbers are inscribed. he offices of the staff of the corps, a , and another for arms and ammuas such departments can be made. 'ange of solitary cells, and above, the sale d'escrime or fencing room to es the details of the main building. lice of the barrack, and detached from 2d upon a simple and efficient plan, er a circular or polygonal building, I cal chimney are arranged the cooking Lent, each distinct from the other, and

Page 31
presided over by its special functionar and exempt from all ordinary regim consists of a large iron pan, in which pressure, on the principle of a chemical The stoves are on the same principle as Indian kitchen. The soup preparing excellent, ando as. unlike as possible ti diers of ancient Greece; seldom have in the houses of the great.
The most interesting probably of fencing rooms. Both are under the Vallière, the kind and accomplished visit. The extent of instruction to w carried in mathematical and general a standard recently adopted by the Ho motion of officers in the Queen's army sory both to privates and non-commi single individual in the corps unable ranks are well read and highly inform quently fell in with on sick leave at was delightful to witness the extent all subjects which form the ordina society.
It is this refinement and intellectu on the French soldiery, and renders The soldier and non-commissioned o leading them; the object and natur are thoroughly understood by them, much is left to the discretion and less mechanical perfection than obt: animated machines, and entirely dep their officers. But, in spite of what plined manner, in which the French is much to admire in him. He is perf advantage of every cover and eminenc acting, and if need be, march and whi ments which struck the Duke of W view of the Emperor Alexander, in 18 The fencing school is an institution service. The room in which it is he toons of some regimental Raphael, ch the idolatry of the French army for obliged to pass through this school, ir

7ן
y. The cook is a soldier of the company Lental duties. The culinary machinery meat is stewed under a slight degree of digester, and of two or three saucepans. : the chulahs of a well furnished Anglofor the men at the time of our visit was the black broth of the republican sol I tasted it so well made in India, even
all the departments, are the school and charge of the same officer, Lieutenant individual who accompanied us in our hich the non-commissioned officers are ttainments, is considerably beyond the rse Guards for the admission and pror. Attendance in the school is compulssioned officers, so that there is not a to read- and write, while many in the ed individuals. One of these I subse, a distance from his regiment, and it ; and accturaey of his information on ry staple of conversation in educated
Lality which stamps its peculiar features them such ready and effective troops. ficer know as much as those who are e of every movemént and manoeuvre Thence in the manner of execution, sense of the soldier. The result is ins in armies where thefnmen are mere endent on the superior knowledge of appears to us the careless and ill-discisoldier marches and manoeuvres, there 2ctly acquainted with his duty, can take e afforded by the ground on which he is sel as steadily as even the Russian regiellington so much in the celebrated reil6.
unknown to our infantry branch of the ld at St. Denis is adorned with the cariefly representing armorial devices, and their great Emperor. Every soldier is which the broad-sword and single stick

Page 32
are interdicted, as tending to spoilth of carte and tierce.
Lieut. Vallière also presides over an opportunity of witnessing.
Notwithstanding the general air of the French soldier appears to perform to manage matters in his own way wh of discipline are as firmly held and There is no leaven of liberty and e sentry may hold his firelock as he cho at cards or dominoes, and the details running commentaries of the recruit soldier exacted with a rigour that adın In looking out of our verandah rain, we witnessed an amusing methic the governor's house. The faction to which the next for duty ran as fast firelock in the guard-room ; the relie mary manner, transferring his musket to be taken as a matter of course, the the proceeding, or at least not interfe The true secret of the facility wit in a republican force, is in the large a sibility invested in the officers. Th dual, and may be exercised at once. T of any punishment which he may ord the regiment, over whom a power c military commandant of the island. pany in some respects is as great as th ish army, and the power of the-Lieuter could only be exercised by a Court M converts a Commander-in-chief into officers of a regiment nearly powerle sidering the materials of which the F such a system with any troops is qu officers of experience to have been t military executions.
. The danger of entrusting extensive if they should happen not to be mer The French officers as a body are sc instances of exceeding their authority punishment are said to be extremely in trivial, unimportant matters,

i8
e hand and wrist, for the cunning fence
the target practice, but this we had not
carelessness and indifference with which his duties, and the amount of licence ich is undoubtedly left to him, the reins as tightly drawn as in our own army. quality allowed to intrude here. The oses, the guard may amuse themselves of the drill may be accompanied by the , yet are all the essential duties of the its of no relaxation. one morning during a heavy shower of d of relieving the sentry at the gate of aire' was snugly ensconced in his box as his legs could carry him, leaving his ved sentinel returned in the same sumto his successor, and the whole appeared : non-commissioned officers sanctioning ring to prevent it. h which discipline is maintained, even mount of individual power and responis increases with the rank of the indivihe confirmation, mitigation, or increase }r, rests with the commanding officer of f supervision is again exercised by the The authority of the Captain of a comat of a commanding officer in the Britant-Colonel in some particulars, with us artial. The centralization system which a “monster adjutant,’ and renders the 'ss, is unknown, and wisely so too, concench army is composed, The policy of 2stionable, and has been supposed by he cause of some modern mutinies and
power to individuals is doubtless great,
of temper, discretion, and judgment.
well acquainted with their duties, that
or of awarding unsuitable and improper
rare; and if they do happen, are only
\

Page 33
The uniform of the marine battal more suitable for a tropical climate t breasted blue frock-coat, full in the s of the chest, with full, loose white tro epaulettes. The cap is almost as eleg fantry tschako, with a worsted tuft capable of resisting a sabre cut.
The men are all armed with brigh old Roman sword. The cross-belt h and is supplied by a couple of strap arms perfectly free, and exercise no ir There is another and older barrack í de l'Eglise, near the military hospital. Besides these, there are special bar lery. The former is an imposing but the latter I did not visit.
There are three Churches in St. D PEg
eleg ' "......... حب۔ ۔ ۔ ۔ہ beauty of any sort. În the former a ugly prints, unworthy of descriptio Bishop has recently been appointed lishments of the island. He had 1 our visit. ʼ v
The slaughter-house of St. Denis i and the sea shore : it is a plain, subst pose, and removed far enough from of the slaughtered animals causing health.
D 2.
 

9
on at present quartered in Reunion is han our own. It consists of a doublekirts, and worn open on the upper part wsers, gaiters, and for the men worsted ant and not very unlike our present in
it is lighter than the English cap, and
-barrelled percussion muskets, and the as been abolished in the French army, is, which are rapidly adjusted, leave the jurious pressure on the chest. or the infantry in the town on the Place In it the flank companies are lodged. racks for the gens d'Armes and artil-, ; ricketty-looking old wooden building;
Jenis, the principal one in the Place de glize, and ܫ
others, chapel of Assumpattach
tectural
gance or پیسے ce a few very indifferent paintings and or special notice. A Roman Catholic to preside over the ecclesiastical establot arrived from France at the time of
s built on the distant bank of the river antialbuilding, well-adapted for its purhuman habitations to prevent the offals.
any injurious effect upon the public

Page 34
2(
Why Calcutta, which so much more
structure, it is not for me to say, Me among us at home or abroad.
M་དེད་དདི་
འདྲི་ ؟
-'A དི།། ~ సి
The hospitals of the town abut on th the river, and are situated in the Rue of them is a large three-storied buildi military hospital of which the wings planned on the same scale as the barra institution. The Wards are long, lar Each patient has a considerable also ventilated. At the time of my visit it garrison, but the greater number of t settlements in Madagascar. These wi permicious remittent fever, a fearful ous ward for officers, all of whom in for treatment when sick.
The service of the hospital is perform ruled over by a chief with rank and du perintending surgeon.
The Palais de Justice or Supreme large-walled enclosure near the upper Fontaine and the Rue Ste. Márie. It formerly a dwelling house, and contains jurisprudence. The barristers practis very numerous, being no less than thi alone. Its proceedings are conducted the judgment of the court being usual
 
 
 
 
 

needs it, is without such an essential dical Police is little known and valued
Le edge of the ravine leading down to de Paris, near the church. The chief ng, recently erected, the centre of the are in course of construction. It is ck and when completed will be a noble ge, and lofty, but a little too narrow. wance of room, and the whole is well was crowded with sick, many from the he serious cases were from the French ere chiefly victims of the worst type of and fatal malady. There was a spacithe French army are sent to hospital
ned by a large staff of medical officers, ties corresponding to those of our su
Court of the Island, is situated in a 2nd of the town between the Rue de la is a substantial, three-storied building, the several courts recognized in French e in all the courts, and the judges are rteen in number in the court of appeal exactly as in similar courts in France, ly given in writing.

Page 35
2
The love of litigation appears to be : pulation of Bourbon, as it is in the No or in the natives of India. The law
at St. Denis, and among its member lightemed, amiable, and excellent mem The education of the male part of the tirely in the hands of the government, : confined to a large central college, or
This is a school of secondary instructi ing in regard to study, discipline, and that form part of the university. It the Interior, in subordination to the C The college is a large building, situa upper end of the town. It has severa for different classes of pupils, and is en The building is commodious and cap. five hundred pupils. There is scarcel institution at present, the recent eman mediate remuneration, having ruined the more respectable classes, of whom t The immediate control of this nati Proviseur or Principal, assisted by a ce: or purveyor, with professors and maitr studies of the pupils, a class of function The principal, censor, and professors minister of Marine and the Colonies, th ed by the colonial authorities in whom
 

as radicallyingrained in the Creole poIrmans and Bretons of the old country, is consequently a flourishing profession
's, are, as usual, some of the most enbers of the community.
better classes of the population is enand is at present, so far as I can learn,
Lycée Colonial” in St. Denis. -- on, conducted on exactly the same footorganization, as the colleges in France is under the control of the Director of ommissary General of the Republic. ted near to the public garderi at the l court-yards or distinct play-grounds closed by high walls. able of affording instruction to four or y more than half that number in the cipation of the slaves without any ima large number of landholders and of ihey formed the chief wealth. onal institution is vested in a resident nsor, a domestic chaplain, an econome 'es d’etudes, or directors of the private naries unknown to our secular schools. are nominated and appointed by the e remaining functionaries are appointthis patronage is vested.

Page 36
2:
The proviseur is the head of the instit in all departments subject to certain r acts in all unforeseen and urgent cases, 1 tor of the interior.
The censor is the special and immed to study and discipline. He acts for whatever cause.
The chaplain is charged with the reli veyor with all relating to its provision officer of the island attends the sick, f mary in the building.
The professors and all employed are rank, pay, and allowances for “faits p tesse ou l'honnêteté,’according to the wise precluded from entering into any o ing out-door pupils under the sanction ( The regulations regarding prizes, holid in principle as those of our education de important details.
The course of education embraces t and English, Philosophy, History, the and Drawing. Dancing, Fencing, and no necessary part of the college coul Polytechnic School in Paris.
I went through the various classes with the proviseur, a young man of er and courtesy of manner, who evidently under his charge. The college appeare and in first rate order.
When at Port Louis I had an opport Mauritius, but unfortunately did not se be a well-organized, flourishing institu boon to the better classes of the coloni willing to send their children to Europ The great mistake that seems to me ritius both in its system of education a is the undue prominence given to became an English possession, the l been made the medium of all official cc have been introduced into the courts fied as the future language of the attended with much inconvenience a instance is undoubted; but time, pa

ution, which he controls and manages *gulations for his guidance. He also eporting his proceedings to the direc
iate authority in all matters relating he principal during his absence from
gious duties of the Lyceum, the purand furniture, and the chief medical or whom there is a comfortable infir
liable to dismissal or suspension from ortant scandal ou blessant la delicagravity of the offence. They are likether occupation, except that of teachof the principal.
ays, and similar matters are the same partment, differing only in some un
he study of Greek and Latin, French : Mathematical and Physical Sciences Music may also be learned, but form 'se. Candidates are prepared for the
and departments of the institution ergy, learning, and much kindliness is much loved and respected by all d to me to be admirably conducted,
unity of visiting the Royal College of e the classes at work. It appears to tion, and must doubtless be a great all population, who are unable or un
for education. io have been committed in the Mau(nd in the government of the coloriy, he French language. As soon as it 2nglish language should at once have mmunications and ordinances, should of law, and i should have been noticountry. That it would have been ld very many difficulties in the first ience, and judicious firmness in the

Page 37
2.
ruling powers, would have overcome ing generation had passed away, and t in a conquered country had been for fostering influence of a paternal and pe It will be a harder task to revolution it would have been in 1810. Then, al maintained in accordance with the l would have satisfied the people of the their conquerors, while they could not being regulated by the laws, customs, a The adoption of the contrary system unsettled foreign feeling, that will neve pathies of the major part of the popula cause of most of the difficulties that so many years, and still render in so a state opposing interests and conf sible to hope to reconcile. The Gordia ravel it is impossible,
Every fresh importation from France be little doubt.. that in the event of a "va would have a domestic, as well as a f to subdue.
Rigorous measures are always unpala of success is felt, but it is always wise right of conquest, remembering only th be tempered with justice and mercy.
The Romans of old and the Americ matters better than we do, and in-con little of the annoyances which have California the Spanish tongue was in dialect.
The BoTANIC GARDEN or Jardin de la ently mentioned by most people as th upper end of the town, but does not c( It is under the charge of one of then philosophers whom it has been my g( Richard. His name is not unknown the patriarchal simplicity of his habit to be useful, and the vast stores of in almost unconscious possessor, require thorough appreciation of his excellence and with an establishment of idle, ig equal to the mere weeding and waterin

hese, probably even before the existLe unfriendly feelings always existing otten, in the mildness, equity, and aceful rule. - ze the island in this respect now, than existing rights being respected and aw under which they were acquired, uprightness and good intentions of reasonably have objected to the future nd language of the new ruling power. has kept alive an irritable, vicious, rbe extinguished se long as the symtion are French. This has been the have disturbed Lower Canada for hard to manage. There exist in such icting feelings, which it is imposin kmot should be cut, to untie or un
adds fuel to the flame, and there can ur with that country, the government oreign enemy to watch, and perhaps,
table and will be resisted if any hope in the long run to exercise the full at the sword of the conqueror should
ans of modern times managed these sequence felt and feel comparatively embarrassed us, even in India. In mediately superseded by the Saxon
Republique, still, in general, inadvert3 * King's Garden, is situated at the ver a very large area of ground. Lost amiable, gifted, and single-minded od fortune to fall in with, a Monsieur
to fame as a scientific botanist, but , his unbounded kindness and anxiety ormation of which he seems to be an to be personally witnessed to cause a
Vegetating upon a miserable stipend, norant labourers scarcely numerically g of a portion of the grounds, it is still

Page 38
2
a delightful spot to visit and full of int and charming department of natural l Monsieur Richard has arranged a natural system, where many rare and dagascar, may be seen. It is very ric variety of the sugar cane.
It presents a striking contrast, res maintaining it on an efficient footing, ness called the Botanical Garden, at vicinity of the tomb of Paul and Vi formal walks and straight avenues, d old cumbrous seats, will always be int. existing state of what might with com small paradise, is much to be regrette obliging Mr. Duncan, has done his b not a scientific botanist, many highly and the means at his disposal are not su order.
Even as a means of distributing ec out the island, of conducting interesti culture, and of furnishing the means sing generation in the colony as are gi it is worthy of being maintained on a of the surplus revenue of this flourishi The vanille and chocolate plants flo namon grow well in them, and almost in perfection. The mangosteen, mang to be very fine; they were not in seas( Formerly cotton, corn, cloves, nur vated in Reunion.* The first was ab tion of the plant by an incurable dis made out. The sugar cultivation whi all other economic plants out of the fi a few years since by a blight in the red came throughout the plantations for the present, and the island is just effect of the visitation.
Maize and potatoes are still extensi By far the best kept garden in th Governor's seatin the Moka district, romantic ravines and waterfall, well
* Mate-Bru.

4.
}rest to every lover of the most poetical istory. section of his garden according to the curious plants, particularly from Main paims, and contains every known
tricted as are M. Richard's means of with the pretty and poetical wilderPamplemouse in the Mauritius. The rginia, and the garden itself with its lapidated statue of Flora, and quaint }resting spots to the stranger; but the paratively little outlay be rendered a d. The present gardener, homest and est, and with some success, but he is interesting plants are not identified, 2h as to enable him to put it in thorough
onomic or ornamental plants throughng experiments in horticulture or agriof studying Botany to such of the riven to so elegant and useful a pursuit, better and more creditable footing out ng and prosperous island.
urish in both islands-coffee and cinevery variety of tropical fruit is found ), and pine-apple in particular, are said on at the time of my visit.
megs, canella and coffee were cultiIndoned in consequence of the destrucease, of which the true nature was not :h has now nearly, if not quite, driven eld, was also threatened with extinction white cane. The substitution of the seems to have banished the epidemic eginning to revive from the depressing
rely cultivated.
Mauritius that I saw is at Reduit, the
thich, with its fine lawn, shaded walks, cultivated flower beds, pretty fountain,
's Geography.

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2
and level race-course, form as interest the Sovereign, as prince or potentati neighbouring hills and country, with least of its recommendations, nor wi readily forget the huge, venerable, an about the grounds, a type of sober stee to the mercurial vivacity of thisage of There is a neat little theatre at St. I well selected company is shortly exp course is on the plaine de la Redoute have been spirited and good; but both esting and useful recreation would see races are usually held, I believe, in Oct ther. The course is in a most picture by the heights around, which impart a gularly pleasing to the eye of one solo alluvial plains of Bengal, as I had been The regimental band plays every Sul 10 on the place du Gouvernement, resort. The scene is singular and a m quently witnessed in France some year sively composed of brass wind instrum and gens d’armes-the spectators pro benches under the trees bordering the little stalls for the sale of 'sweetmeat indulged in on such occasions. A la scattered about the ground, and playi other, like a parcel of wild overgrown-s during our stay as to render it extrem but this lent its peculiar character to gularity and romance that a, brighter li The Creoles of both islands are pass and other balls are frequent during - public ball during our visit, that of th Governor on the 6th of May in the to our Queen's birth-day ball in Calcu party, exhibited a tolerably favorable d kept up with much spirit from eight next morning.
The ladies were arranged in doubl mammas, aunts and chaperons being dancers in the first rank. Polkas, w other in regular succession, but the

ing an abode for the representative of could desire. The fine view of the its cool and elevated site, are not the ll those who have ridden on his back te-diluvian old tortoise, who wanders diness and deliberation, sadly opposed. electricity, steam, and progress. )enis, which is closed at present, but a ected to enliven the town. The race and the running is said sometimes to here and in the Mauritius, this intern to have declined of late years. The ober towards the end of the cold weasque spot, and completely commanded in air of grandeur to the scenery, sinng confined to the dead level of the
ls hday and Thursday evening from 8 to when it becomes a favorite place of imic representation of what I had freis since. The band was almost exclu2nts, and guarded by armed sentries menading round outside, or seated in upper end of the place. Around were , fruits, and the small tipple usually urge number of soldiers off duty were ng all sorts of practical jokes on each chool-boys. The nights were so dark ely difficult to distinguish individuals, the scene, and gave it an air of singht might possibly have dispelled. ionately fond of dancing, and masked the carnival season. There was one e fête of the Revolution, given by the Government House. It corresponds tta. It was an elegant and animated isplay of youth and beauty, and was o'clock in the evening until four, the
a tiers around the dancing-rooms, the in the second row, the gay animated altzes, and quadrilles succeeded caclı, ooms were too crowded for any great

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display of Terpsichorean excellence. was an ingenuous youth of our party room-the best judges of such matterswaltz and polka appeared to me to be those of our Indian ball-rooms; the probably the cause.
There was no formal supper-light I about during the evening, among them cups. Nothing could possibly exceed one of the host and hostess, nor coul in its issue.
There is a dancing party every fort upon the plan of the 'At Homes of M missed by the young people of Calcutta
As in France, no introductions are ladies are handed back to their seats dir( latter respect, I imagine, that our Eng fair portion of the creation.
It was our good fortune two days afte a grand review of all the regular troop: thousand men. The display took place level space at the foot of a range of ver turesque ravines.
The infantry were divided into two bi artillery, and a few fine tall gens d'ar the mimic army. We drove to the gro 'four in the afternoon, and found the roa trians, all wending their way in the s? with groups of spectators, and the troo tion, infantry on the right flank, artill left flank. Upon the top of a little e handsome pavilion, in which the fair me bled to view the parade. To this we Colonel de Barolet, the military comma soldierly man, in the prime of life, fu strict disciplinarian. A small, separate of the Governor and their party, which lican distinction of ranks, which are sup body of democracy.
An officer, Lt. Wallière, was on duty. and the ground around the tents was ke Shortly after our arrival a company of medes, marched to the ground precede

Among the best dancers of the party , termed by some of the ladies in the - le jolie garçon de Maurice.o The : much less animated and rapid than little space for quick movement was
efreshments were perpetually handed small glasses of beer, and soup in tea the kindness and attention to every any such party be more successful
light, less numerous and more select, Iiss Eden, which have been so much
since Lord Auckland left India. necessary in the ball-room, and the 2ctly each dance is completed; in the lish fashion is more approved by the
:r our arrival at St. Denis, to witness s in garrison, amounting to about a on the Plaine de la Redoute, a large y lofty hills, intersected by deep pic
attalions, with a small battery of foot nes to represent the mounted arm of und in a hired carriage a little before ds crowded with gaily dressed pedesme direction. The plain was dotted ps had already taken up their posiery in the centre, the cavalry on the minence commanding the field was a mbers of the , tle sex.were assemhad received a kind invitation from ndant of the Island, a tall, handsome l of energy and activity, and a very pavilion was assigned to the ladies struck us as rather an anti-repubposed to have merged into the general
to conduct the ladies to their seats, pt by a couple of sentinels.
sailors from the war steamer Archid by the rattle of the brass drum;

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they were marched up the heights to the summit of the signal mountain.
Precisely at four o'clock, the firingo. Governor, who drove up in a carriage, staff on foot, the only mounted individ dragoons, some 30.or 40 in number, bei ing the parade.
The usual rattle of drums, brayingo took place when His Excellency with inspected the men. They then took up a began. The marching, counter-marchin of cavalry, support of infantry, formatic similar movements were well and duly ed with the firing of great and small this time were very fine. Wreaths ( of a cloudless sky, magnificent shad surrounding hills by the setting sun, creased an hundred-fold the solemn sharp rattle of the musketry. To my ments of the day were, the advance o of echelon squares with guns at the ai both excellent, and proved the troops singular and pretty diversion was cause elevated battery, a flash with small ct some time before the faint sound of the After more than an hour's duration o and scattered themselves about the gro the officers present, came to the pav to enliven us with its martial strains. to the ladies, and an abundance of chan out by the liberal Colonel, to the staff court, the commanding officer of the bat as gracefully and gallantly as he had He is a fine, soldierly, dashing officer, Paladin of old. He was most kind to highly of the generous treatment he h Bombay.
The charges of the cavalry were ra rode well, and were evidently sturdy, ha on a species of small cart horse, ung The troopers personally are as fine me dragoons of any country. r
A day or two before leaving the Mau E 2

take possession of a small battery on
: a gun announced the approach of the and was received on alighting by the lal present, with the exception of the ng the Lieutenant-Colonel command
ftrumpets, and presentation of arms. the staff walked down the line and central position and the manoeuvring g, throwing out of skirmishers, charge n of squares, advance and retreat, and performed, interspersed and enlivenguns. The coup-d'oeil and effect at of white smoke floated in the pure air ows. and tints were thrown from the and a deep rolling, repeated echo, inthunder of the cannon, and the perception the best executed moveif the skirmishers, and the formation ngles. The marching and firing were to be in a high state of efficieficy. A d by the firing of the sailors from the urling wreaths of smoke. being visible : distant report reached the ear. f this mimic war the troops piled arms und, the Governor and his staff with ilion, and the band was brought up Cakes and wine were handed round apagne and excellent cheer was meted and male spectators. Lt. Col. Cendreitalion, did the honors of the pavilion conducted the operations of the field. was well naounted, and looked like a all the strangers present, and spoke lad himself received when a visitor at
ther, amusing, for although *the men Lrd-fisted sabreurs, they were mounted fainly and clumsy in its movements. }n as can be found among the heavy
ritius we had witnessed the presenta

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tion of colours to the 5th Fusiliers om an opportunity of eontrasting the galla men of the 5th are larger, broader, a marine battalion of St. Denis, while th look about the latter, indicative of the tomers in the actual tussle of war.
steadily and with a firmer tread than th insouciant, intellectual look about the that was to be seen in the bearded, bhue
* The strange and unaccountable antipathy of th always appeared to be an absurd and ridiculous weak a people.
From the absence of that innate politeness and Asiatic and many western nations, the moment at rance in a circle of his fellow-countrymen, the male breeches pockets and direct the butler to look after sex is apt to glide naturally into commentaries broadside of stares or more palpable demonstrations is led to imagine that he has been classed with swind 8. tempted to look behind to ascertain if he has a tail,
A very little reflection on the subject would show principles, and that the modern male and female cos for ridicule and disapproval, than the capillary appe One of the causes of dislike is doubtless due to i personal cleanliness,
Because Cossacks and Tartars and other outside practice is deemed to be unclean.
If the argument had the remotest pretension to 1 portioned to the increased magnitude of their devel which man's imperial race ensnare.' And yet see beauty shorm of her greatest ornament, and redu Venus uncested, or Phoebus unbeamed '!
The smooth shaven scalp of the oily Bráhman, c ought to be the type of propriety in regard to the ac consistent in the matter, and transferred the capillo. “Tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis.” It is for his beard and liberties against the Norman conq insult and effiminacy.
The beard of Sir Thomas More has become a port he treated it in the closing scene of his life, since it
Time was when 'twas said and sung with truth of o 'Tis merry in a-- When beards From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century t will venture to say that the worthies of that age as t period, or immortalized in the writings of the great representatives of the manliness, intelligence, and ei which extorted the celebrated saying of St. Augusti essent,” could have had no mean pretensions to the ! feature.'

the Champs de Mars, and thus had nt defenders of the two islands. The ld sturdier looking fellows than the ere is a lightness, elasticity, and wiry ir being tough and troublesome cusThe English soldiers marched more e French, but there was not the same smaooth-faced* men of the Fusiliers -coated voltigeurs of St. Denis.
e Anglo-Saxon race to the wearing of beards has iness in so manly, civilized, and usually sensible
natural good breeding which characterizes most n Englishman ventures to show a hirsute counteportion of the assembly begin to button up their he spoons. The conversation of even the gentle on rat-catchers dogs or badgers. Under a of disapproval, the unfortunate follower of nature. llers, pickpockets, or savages. He may even be since he has received the treatment of a bear.
that such prejudices are not founded on sound tumes of the western world afford far more scope ndages of chins or lips. - its being associated with an idea of the absence of
barbarians wear beards and luxuriate in dirt, the
"eason or truth, it would apply with a force proopment, to 'the luxuriant locks and fair tresses loes there exist a barbarian who would desire to iced to the state of Jove without his thunder,
or the martial tuft of the red man of America tornment of the head, if we were only moderately phpbia from the chin to the crown.
3 not imany centuries since the Saxon chuirl fought ueror, and resisted depilatory edicts as tending to
ion of English history, from-the care with which, "had not committed treason.'
England,
the hall
it wag all.” he beard was generally worn in England. Who ransmitted to us in the authentic portraits of the iramatist, are unworthy, unmanly or unbecoming ten beauty of the Saxon countenance. The race 1-“ Non Angli sed Angeli forent, si Christiani highest order of "grace of form and comeliness of

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It would be idle to contrast them fi representatives of the prowess and qu would maintain their ancient reputation ber of mounted officers in the Britis. scarlet uniform, give them a somewhat subdued hue of the French dress afford
The effective field force of regular troc thousand men, including between one an scattered over the island as a mounted militia also, but I imagine that their qu of the burgher troops of most countries nor on the 4th of May, but I was abse ceremony.
The police of Bourbon is organized footing as in France, and consists of gardes champêtres. They are all nat activity and exposure, and are most effi During our excursions into the country each led by a couple of mounted patri
Who would venture to "mundify the muzzle' of th barons, who literally as well as figuratively bearded
The besetting sin of the Anglo-Saxon race, after press of fashion and is sealed with the signet of the for adoption.
Those who venture to run counter to the popular absurd. Truly in many matters of common sense, ti "Few are those who venture even for the shor thought, where a man is not upheld by a crowd of footing of his own. Among the mass of men ther tory of opinions be fully written, it would be seen h conformity, er rather the fear of non-conformity ha fears; over love, hate, pity, sloth, anger, truth, pri love. It has torn down the sense of beauty in th idols which it compels us to worship with more than in the most obvious things, and has been listened to less extensive than deep-seated. The serf to custom signified whether it is an old or a new thing which is The same sound thinker, close reasoner, and p) truths from the bottom to the surface of the well, a also remarked upon this sin of conformity in dress sweeping by in something flowing and stately, he f he thinks the hat might frighten him) and say 'H not a creature clipt and twisted and tortured in tailor Of a truth we are of a race who quarrel with n rob the face of man of its manliest attributes, who da in our strange garbs and unseemly fashions, and cynic's lantern to our neighbours.
Friends in Counc

rther-both I doubt not are worthy lities of their different nations, and s in well-contested fields. The numcorps, with the brightness of the more brilliant appearance than the S.
ps in Bourbon is said to be about two dtwohundred stalwart gens d'armes, olice. There is a considerable force of lity is pretty much the same as that . They were reviewed by the Governt at Salazie, and did not witness the
ind conducted on the same effective
mounted gens d'armes and armed ives of France, lead a life of much cient guardians of the public peace. we saw two gangs of run-away coolies, ols, and trotting along very discon
e immortal bard of Avon, or to shave the sturdy ting John at Runnymede. all, is conformity. Provided it receives the im foolish, nothing is too extravagant or ridiculous
prejudice are ranked among the eccentric and le' wise conform to the foolish.’ test time into that hazy world of independent other men's opinions, but where he must find a 2 is no resistance to conformity. Could the hisw large a part in human proceedings the love of is occasioned. It has triumphed over all other le, comfort, self-interest, vanity, and maternal e human soul, and set up in its place ugly little Japanese devotion. It has contradicted nature with abject submission. Its empire has been no points his finger at the slave to fashion, as if it irrationally conformed to.''
ofound philosopher, one who has brought simple nd clothed abstruse thoughts in simple garb, has and fashion, that when he sees an eastern a els inclined to take of his hat to him (only that re is a great unhatted, uncravated, bearded man, s' hands." ture for making us men instead of women,' who ly and hourly outrage nature and common sease et arrogate to ourselves the office of holding the
l, vol; I. p. 23.

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solately at a rapid rate. They were seemed to have a wholesome dread of very expert in tracing and hunting th blue cloaks, clanking sabres, and mart riding along in the cold, grey dawn of them, I could not help thinking that a patrol in Bengal would be far more eff ting a stop to the robbery and murder than the existing village chowkedaree : They should, however, be very dif composed of better materials than wer tinguished-themselves at the reception ( in the grand cartoon of that memorabl The hospitality of Bourbon and Mau though most of the older inhabitants of ties, struggles and losses of these intere from their former palmy state, we certa I mentioned in Port Louis one day : before the next evening had no fewer and others in the various places throug I took but one letter, and yet I think one in any quarter of the world, to hav a more thoroughly friendly welcome th We did not exactly find with Felicid equally nice bread, which should enter to the houses ready fried, yet it prove and honey, sending us away after a bri recollections and pleasant memories, th often heard of the munificent open hot City of Palaces, when the pagoda tree y of speech. I had, likewise, not forgotten Tremolum, where tempting little pigs ra had I never realized these pleasant ficti Indian Ocean, which lies within a few n It should be remembered that this feasti to the stranger, is not practised out of th World, for Bourbonis no El Dorado nor In few places is so much accomplished it more practically proved that cheerf length of purse or pride of pocket.
A brief description of one or two of may not be altQgether without inter may tempt others to travel the same ul

)
fettered together by the wrists and their conductors, who are said to be em out. Their tal glazed caps, long ial air, struck us much as they were a wet, dismal morning. When I saw in active, energetic, mounted and armed 2ctual in preventing dacoity, and putof native travellers on the road side, und burkundauze system. ferently mounted and equipped, and e the equestrian Dogberries who disof the Sikh guns, and are immortalized le event. ritius has long been proverbial, and alboth islands declared that the difficulsting colonies had reduced them much inly should not have discovered it. my intention to visit the interior, and than thirty introductions to planters gh which I was to pass. To St. Denis it would have been impossible for any re experiended more real kindness, and an I met with in that good town. lus that delicious cakes disputed with our mouths first, nor did the fish come d practically a land flowing with milk ef sojourn with a multitude of kindly at will not readily be forgotten. I had uses of the Merchant Princes of the was neither a fiction nor a mere figure the account of the wonderful festival of ln about the streets ready roasted, yet ons so well as in the little spot of the niles of the east coast of Madagascar, ng and profusion, and cordial welcome e abundance of the good things of this is it a California of hidden treasure. with such limited means-nowhere is ul contentment is not dependent on
the entertainments to which I refer est to the Indian reader, and I hope lfrequented path. The extension of

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our social relations cannot but be ben the asperities and trials inseparable fro distant land of the Sun.
The first was a dinner given by a ba master of the masonic lodge at St. ) ladies of his family, and a considerable in all we could not have sat down less t these entertainments it is usual for ol present, the rooms are scarcely large en We all assembled in an outer verandah introduced to every one.present, were’s The table was covered with a profu. fish and soup to the dessert being spre: brought in separate courses, with lon with us. This might possibly have beer was a practice we found to pervade ever After the soup and side dishes, the fish and ham, and lastly vegetables in s customs in these matters. The wines w dance of claret, madeira, hock, and cha the dinner to assist in its digestion. o'drink,’ but more good sack than ev The whole was most unlike the tediou dinner party: -
When the good things had been c proposal of toasts, also a general prac houses in the Mauritius. With us, ex seldom practised, and when resorted to wet blanket. Not so with our gayer was so managed as to be an agreeable tainment, and to call forth sentiment should have been more than barbarians from his bar experience, was evidently by the happy terms in which he enbodi the members of the legal profession t best chairmen of public dinners, and th society, are every where certainly from The dinner over, ladies and gentleme room, when some other friends came dance, which was kept up with much-h coffee and tea were partaken of durir panied us home, thus ending as pleasan part of the world.

sficial to all, and tend to soften down m our exile and pilgrimage in this
rrister of the court, a benedict and )enis. The party consisted of the number of male relations and friends, han thirty in number. At most of tly the ladies of the household to be ough to admit of more being asked, and after being kindly and specially ummoned to the feast. ion of vivers, every thing from the .d before us at once, instead of being g pauses between them, as customary owing to the paucity of servants; it y entertainment, at which we assisted. was handed round, then the turkey. ilver dishes, all different from our Tere excellent, there being an abunmpagne, beer coming in at the end of It was no mere 6 Dominie's dribble en Jack Falstaff could have pocketed. s formality and en nuie of an Indiar
lone ample justice to, commenced the tice in Bourbon and at the French ccept on special public occasions, it is is generally considered a bore and a . and more sprightly neighbours. It ddition to the pleasures of the enters of kindliness and welcome that we not to have responded to. Our host, a practised orator, and delighted us ed his sentiments. In most countries ake the lead on such occasions. The he most amusing members of private the Bar.
in adjourned together to the drawing. in and the room was cleared for a ilarity until a late hour. Liqueurs, ng the evening, and our host accomt an evening as could be spent in any

Page 46
The great breakfasts were exactly the same mariner as the dinner, with in the forenoon, and sometimes lastir In many respects the social habits sensible and better suited for a tropic The usual family dinner hour is seld are expected to drop in at eight to music, dancing, conversation, and othe formality, fuss, or parade of dress. afternoon, and our Bengal siestas see The amusements of the lords of th In the hotel Joinville, billiards, domi be the order of the day, and of a port regular frequenters of that establish is also a great source of attraction an A never-failing source of amusemer audience of a very miscellaneous de flank companies of the marine battalio into squads under their respective cor gravity the goose step and similar myst arms were piled and the men turned complete pastime to the soldiers, and w rost popular portion of the proceeding many tumbled somersets amidst shou bearded old pioneers who held the end sure in elevating it slily and quickly, y tioushero o'erleap'd himself, comingd were marched on and off with bugles a harder worked than our men are.
There were two fires during our efficient manner in which means were imagine them to be of frequent occurr As soon as a fire is perceived, the be at once to the whole town, by three tocsin of alarm of which the effect is e The drums beat to arms, soldiers f barracks or to the scene of action, a body of disciplined men are marched of these are without arms to act as a and saving life and property, others a off the crowd and to prevent irregu charge of a detail of Sappeurs Pompi makes for the conflagration as fast as th ed gens d'armes are in movement, al

32
on the same scale, and conducted in the exception of beginning at eleven g until two or three in the afternoon. of the good folks at St. Denis are more al climate than are our Indian fashions. m later than six o'clock, and friends spend a social evening together, with r agreable ways of killing time, without No lady is visible before one in the a to be unknown. } creation are pretty much as with us. noes, and drinking pale ale appeared to on of the night too, with many of the nent. The café at the hotel d'Europe l kept open to a much later-hour. lt to most of us, and to an admiring scription, was the daily drill of the n, on the Place. After being detached orals, and performing with becoming erious methods of making soldiers, the to gymnastics. This seemed to be a ras full of fun to the spectators. The g was jumping over a cord, in which its of laughing from all present. The s of the rope appeared to take a pleathen some more than ordinarily ambiown quickly on the other side. They nd drums, and were certainly much
isit, and from the very prompt and taken to extinguish them, I should nce. l of the principal church motifies it rapid strokes with a brief interval, a ectrifying. om all directions hasten either to the hd in a very short space of time a to the spot by beat of drum. Some atigue party in working the engines 2 armed to form a cordon to keep arities. The engines are under the rs, an armed fire brigade, which also men can drag the machines. Mountd a very few minutes elapse before

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active, organized, and well-directed ex On both occasions to which I refer among the earliest persons on the grou. How very different is this from the nization or method to effect the same India. Twice have I seen more than before a wretched powerless engine was taken to prevent the extension of the d There are, in fact, many things in t bours that we might adopt with benefit
It is doubtless a misnomer to speak exist, but as the emancipation of the recent event, from the effects of which of the old system of bondage are ever of the abstract right of every human be effects of loss of liberty upon those u denied in some parts of the world, yet and proper a measure as general mar discretion is necessary.
He who has been born in bondage, rea accustomed from his very cradle to be at once for uncontrolled licence, than is the newly restored eye of the blind to f need a certain stage of careful preparat This is abundantly evident in the pri ancient slaves both of Bourbon and ol an idle, vain, pleasure-loving race, and, have received some degree of education willing to undergo any greater degre mediate maintenance and support. Tl jority have become squatters on small which they live, in many instances in vation. Improvidence and want of ca) inevitable effects, the result of which their attendant horrors. In the mean compensation, no provision on a suffic for the cultivation of the soil, and a st and ruin has been caused to the colony without leaving the stain of slavery young republic.
Most of the old negro race of serva their place seems to be but ill-supplie from the Malabar coast,

3.
ertions are made to arrest the flames. , the Governor and his staff were . nd.
utter absence of anything like orgaobject in the metropolis of British two hundred huts utterly destroyed, om the spot, or any proper means estructive element. he philosophy of our excellent neigh
of slaves when slavery has ceased to negro population of Bourbon is a very the island is still suffering, the relics n yet visible. There can be no doubt 2ing to freedom, and of the degrading nfortunate races to whom it is still in carrying out even so philanthropic numission, some share of wisdom and
red under its blighting influence, and dependent on others, is no more fitted the starved man to eat a full meal, or ace the bright light of day. They a ion, to fit them for their new state. esent condition of a multitude of the f the Mauritius. They are naturally with the rare exceptions of those who or who are gifted by nature, are une ofexertion than is sufficient for imhe consequence has been that the mapatches. of land, upon the produce of a state bordering om misery and starre for the morrow are producing their cannot fail to be crime, disease and time the proprietors have received no iently extended scale has been made ate bordering on general bankruptcy. r. All this might have been avoided zo disfigure the fair escutcheon of the
nts in families have disappeared, and d by the Indian immigrants shipped

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The waiters in the hotels are al emancipated half-castes, and a mor saucy, idle set of necessary nuisances i would be difficult to discover. Thei notions of independence and republical fraternity were not a little absurd an amusing, although they occasionall degenerated into sources of annoyance They all dub themselves citizens, and strut about very much after the fashior of Sultan Cockaloo in Tom Cringle's Log, being as proud and about as use ful, as Paddy's dog with two tails This was the general rule, there were some exceptions to it.
The sugar plantations are now almost entirely cultivated by coolies from the shipped at Pondicherry. Among these territory, and Carnatic, most, if not a and kidnapped from the British territ paid, and have not an undue or unh Their fulfilment of the duties involved i than in the Mauritius, and while they ment, they are made to conduct thems I was unable to ascertain the exact land. Some accounts raised it as hig 20,000; the latter is, I believe the mea.
Wherever I went in the Mauritius power possessed by the planter over pudence, and gross insubordination tunities of personally witnessing this, and ill-feeling produced by it. It is refuse of our Indian labouring popula together unacquainted with jail discip distance from his home and country arm of the law, but at the same tim not at liberty to have his own way in t visitor from India, accustomed to the q our of servants and labourers in that cool impudence and nonchalance in openly to tell their masters that they d with an amount of disrespect that w in their own country.

2 Malabar coast, or who at least are * I saw men from the Deccan, Mysore ll of whom must have been crimped tories. They are well treated, fairly ealthy amount of labour to perform. in their contract is more rigidly exacted are protected from tyranny or ill-treatelves with propriety and order. number of Indian labourers on the ish as 30,000 others fixed it at about Cest approximation to the truth.
heard complaints of the inadequate his labourers, and of the idleness, imof the coolies. I had some opporand of seeing the state of irritation :rue that the majority of them are the tion, and some, I suspect, are not alline. It is right that the coolie at a should be well shielded by the strong e he should be made to feel that he is he disposal of his time and labour. A uiet demeanour and respectful behavi:ountry, is apt to be surprized at their the Mauritius. They do not hesitate are mot pųnish them, and to treat them ould not, be tolerated for a moment

Page 49
I was very much tickled with th the Savanne district, who, when he if the Company's Raj was not knoc that we had taken the Punjab, but di “My rajah intended to put down th so by this time.’ He turned out to the Nerbudda territory, and I left hi in the presence of an admiring gang recently hanged for sheep stealing T ed in the Mauritius. He is well paic listened to, while his master appe. shortcomings of his immigrant labol terest of India, as it is for that oft migration of a better class of tiller its means, much wealth is brought own country. They come back mo than when they left their homes, an ledge cannot fail to be useful to their
The contrast between the lean, hu at Port Louis, and the stout, muscula
who leave its shores, is very remarkal ness of the climate and the excellent
A few simple regulations regarding very beneficial to them. At present quently about their persons, for addit during the voyage they are in a cons
F 2
 

35
: unblushing effrontery of a gardener in heard I was from Hindustan, asked me ked in the head. He had heard it said ln't believe it; “in fact,” he continued, e Company, and I dare say he has done be a native of one of the petty states in m terribly crestfallen, by informing him of fellow-coolies, that his rajah had been "he fact is that the coolie is too well treatl, pampered, and all his complaints are ars to have little redress against the urers. It is nearly as much for the inhe Mauritius that a more extended imof the soil should be encouraged. By by the coolies to be expended in their re robust, manly, and less prejudiced d the influence of their acquired know
own countrymen.
Ingry Cassius-looking coolies who arrive Ir well fed fellows with well lined purses
le, and good proof both of the healthitreatment they receive. -
the remitting of their money would be they carry it with them, and not unfreional security. The consequence is that tant state of feverish anxiety regarding.

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3
its safety, and scarcely ever come up o so, to admit of their habitation being s The great want at present experienc of good character to accompany the the lowest and worst class of society; disorder among the men, and are seldo the expense of carrying them down the unwisely liberal amount of space g ships. The quantity given to the se amply sufficient for every purpose of perly cared for on board. To this I c. nearly a month on board a coolie shi portunity of making myself acquaint wants, wishes, and peculiarities.
The whole subject of immigration i at the Mauritius, and justly so, for ol the island. The Governor is himself quainted with every bearing of the q and experienced counsels will be attend kindly ways and generous sentiment in India, and all visitors from that was hearty welcome to his hospitality. Ex Among the subjects in Bourbon that the large number of officers employe civil and military, and the very low sc: incompatible with the well being ar officers. The pay of the Governor is Government of Bengal; the salary of t in Calcutta is greater than that of the appeal in St. Denis together; and the departments are barely sufficient for of rank and position.
The chief medical officer of the isl: has served for more than thirty years ago deemed deserving of the distinc Honour, receives a lower salary than Company’s army in charge of a regi ability and experience, and can rise ve department.
So far as I could ascertain, nearly rate those holding offices of trust and i or brought up in Europe. I met with energy of character and ability, such a where.

n deck, unless forcibly compelled to do rubbed and ventilated once a week. :d, is of an adequate number of women men. The few who go there are from they are a fruitful source of crime and m, if ever, really their wives. Again, is much greater than it need be, from ranted to each on board the immigrant poy in a transport sent on service, is health and cleanliness, if they are proan personally testify from having been p, during which time I omitted no oped with every thing regarding their
s at present attracting much attention n it depends entirely the prosperity of an old Indian, and so intimately aclestion, that it is to be hoped his wise led to. He has forgotten none of the s that rendered him so justly popular st territory are sure of a frank and a perto crede!
most strike a visitor from Bengal, are 'd in every department of the state, ale of salaries, such as to be certainly ld dignity, particularly of the higher not half that of the Secretary to the he Chief Justice of the Supreme Court whole thirteen judges of the Court of allowances of the military and civil the maintenance of the mere externals
and, who enjoys the rank of Colonel,
with distinction, and was ten years :tion of the cross of the Legion of l the junior assistant surgeon in the ment. M. Dauvin is a man of great ry little higher in his own service and
ill the government employés, at any mportance, are either natives of France only one exception, but he is a man of is would have commanded success any

Page 51
SSSR W 1ኳ
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Most persons are aware that there a value and efficacy, but, beyond the bar thing is known to us about them. It waters of the island was published in t I have never seen it, nor has it made since the visits of invalids from Hindu: unknown to the present generation c sional wanderer from the Mauritius ha mythical legend extant in the mount from the Escalier to the Source, and c Maidens of the Mist. His noble steed as well as his entire devotion to the ca: Dugald Dalgetty, his Gustavus seems anxiety, and he is said to have quit after his arrival, solely because he c for the companion of his travels. A damsel, who must then have been a attract the notice of a gay and das ed that the illustrious stranger was whose liberality and exploits in the One denizen of our ditch is also spoke mien, with his known scientific acqui produced nearly as durable an interest dour.
 
 
 

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re in Bourbon mineral springs of great e fact of their existence, little or noappears that an analysis of the mineral he Indian newspapers some time ago. much impression on the public mind, stan have been so rare as to be almost f inhabitants. At intervals an occaLs found his way across, and there is a ains of a “milor Anglais' who rode up reated an intense sensation among the and martial air are well remembered, re of his charger. Like the renowned to have been his first and greatest ited the healing waters the morning ould not find fitting accommodation ill this was told us by a bright-eyed bare-footed little lassie, too young to hing cavalier. I afterwards ascertaina field officer in the Bengal cavalry, island have left a lasting impression. 1 of, his patriarchal beard and pilgrim's rements and pleasing address, having as the gallant bearing of the Trouba

Page 52
38
At three o'clock in the morning of party started for Salazie. The dinner had kept us up until the witching hour brilliant trim for a mountain trip. It wa and the gloom of the yet unborn day was showers, thick and fine as the cold gray hired a carriage with an English coach pass, where we were to find means to ca The first part of the road was scarcel scious of a succession of hills and dal through a long avenue of trees, the bl like a bright beacon to guide us on ou gray dawn was peeping, we changed h field of sugar-cane, and disappearing for made its appearance.
While thus occupied, strolling along breath of the fine morning air, a coup. driving a string of captive coolies befol horses hoofs ringing upon the hard road sabres long before they emerged from recollection a little adventure that I hap twenty years ago. I was travelling aloi of the diligence with two nuns, who devotion, when mear the bottom of a huge lumbering machine swung off the down with an awful crash into a large di The number of passengers was small, a damage, when we assembled, somewhat wreck of our vessel.
The ropes were cut and all the horse who lay crushed under the carriage wh tillion was whistling a favorite air from appeared in Paris, and we were wonde difficulty, when the Conducteur sound hanging round his neck.
In a few moments we heard the cle urged to a smart canter with the ratt along the road we had just passed animation. Almost simultaneously sim directions, and in a marvellously brie darkness like the mounted heroes of 0 armed to the teeth were on the spot. W from a neighbouring village, the axle

Friday the 2nd of May, our small of our excellent friend the barrister of one, so that we were not in very s as dark as pitch when we set forth increased by a succession of drizzling mantle of a highland mist. We had man, to take us to the foot of the rry us to the fountain-head.
y discernible, and we were only cones, with an occasional bridge, until, illiant light of St. Suzanne appeared I way. A little beyond, just as the orses, our Jehu plunging through a nearly half an hour, before the relay
the roadside and snuffing the first le of mounted dragoons passed us, e them. The distant sound of the , and the clanking of the horsemen's the gloom, brought strongly to my pened to witness in Normandy some he from Paris and was in the interior were telling their beads with much steep hill, the axle-tree broke, the road with a sudden jerk, and came teh, bordering an extensive vineyard. ld all were extracted without much a disconsolate crew, looking at the
s released, except one poor wheeler, ich had rolled upon him. The posRobert le Diable, which had recently ring how to get extricated from our 2d a few shrill notes upon a bugle
2ar ringing sounds of a horse's feet ling of a horseman's accoutrements, without seeing any sign of life or ilar sounds were heard in two other f space of time, emerging from the ld romances, some five gens d'armes 'ith their aid, assistance was procured mended, the dead horse cast into a

Page 53
ditch, and we were once more lumbe tion of the vigilance and efficiency o At six o'clock we reached the vi Mat, where we had been advised to just beginning to open when we đ supplied everything, from covering. interior. Here, after a delay of ne toughest and dirtiest meal I ever that it was impossible to find on til exercise for the teeth than was afford the Kandian province of Ceylon. B of St. Andre, who must have announ generations of long-lived inhabitants make any impression on his iron side in despair by the whole of our party, once assisted at the dissection of a quity to a tatter.” Not even a Pap of St. Andrè.
For this, unsavory apology for a m ing two of the pleåsantest hours of th St. Andre, and carry your own break to profit by our experience
Among the idle crew hanging ab Massanielo-looking fellow, with bare and independence about him. We h pass, and make himself generally us an amusing varlet, who waited on us í drank our healths in the remains of e Sundry scraggy, miserable, starvel brought out to carry us up the p natural means of locomotion, the m these ghostly quadrupeds was prepost At the Rivière du Matthe road to ning like the radius of a circle towar becomes picturesque, and after wind the traveller ińto a deep yalley, alor runs the river. The hills on the sid with forest trees nearly to their sum waterfalls sprinkles the passer by, wh ing streams, running across the road. and more silent and solitary in ch abrupt and precipitous, and the casca in appearance, until the Escalier, or

89
ring on our way, with a profound convicf the French rural patroles. llage of St. Andrè, near the Rivière du breakfast and remain. The shops were ascended at a miscellaneous store that for the body to the means of lining its arly two hours we were set down to the assisted in the disposal of. I thought le surface of the globe more desperate led by the tenacious beef and mutton of ut I was mistaken. . The patriarchalcock ced the return of dawn to at least three , was roasted for our entertainment. To s was a physical impossibility, abandoned Christopher North speaks of having cock. “boiled down in his tough anti-. in's digester could have softened him
sal we paid a dollar a head, besides losLe day. Travellers, in future, beware of : fast with you, if you be wise and willing
out the place was a sturdy, impudent, legs and a true lazzaroni air of swagger tired him to carry our baggage up the eful, which he certainly did, for he was it dinner, dried our raiments, and coolly ach unfinished bottle of wine at table. d and most wretched Rosinantes were ass, but we preferred trusting to our lore especially as the value attached to erous. V −
Salazie turns off at right angles, runds the centre of the isle. It very soon ing round the shoulder of a hill takes g the bed of which, stony and rough, es of this ravine are lofty and covered mits. In some places the spray of tiny ere they form. small, bubbling, murmurThe scenery gradually becomes grander aracter, the ravines look darker, more. des becomemore numerous and grander oot of the great ravine, is reached.

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40
About a mile from this, on the left ha tic ravine branches off, with a lofty cate like a compact stream of molten silver. concealed himself successfully for four and the produce of a little Indian corn, It seems, almost inaccessible to anythin ehamois, and nothing can be imagined than the entrance of this dark and dism At the Escalier the carriage road ce passed by a wooden bridge, to which th visit, solid, massive stone piers.
At the other side begins a foot or br the natural levels of the sides of the mineral-waters, at the foot of the grea During its course up the valley for twel the distance to be, it sometimes rises st round hills, the character of the scener Although it rained heavily for a con laboured along with some difficulty, not the magnificent prospects, scattered in racts rushing down the hill sides were ble hedge, and some of them extremel a very large scale. In some places wh down by the hurricanes, and cast into our path overhung stupendous precipi bottom, along which the stream was brav spotless foam over large boulders of roc sound, clear as crystal and cold as chari It has often been remarked that it is to enable fireside travellers to realize a real characters. I believe this to be tr does not possess the magnificent gra waterfalls are little more tham silver th beauty and interest of its own that mc of its ascent.
Between the Escalier and the Source constructed with much strength and i beams, something on the principle of w. To the site of one of them, thrown over perpendicular sides, and a fall of at stream beneath, a small legend is attac brought to bay, jumped boldly over 'th pool, and escaped unhurt, as he deserv

nd side, an unusually rugged, romanract descending its steep rocky side, In this chasm a runaway slave once years, living upon roots and fruits, which he took with him and planted. g less agile and sure-footed than a more bare, gloomy, and unpromising Lal gorge. ises abruptly; and the broad valley is ey were building at the time of our
idle-path, which following very much ravine, ascends to the source of the it mountain called the Snowy Peak. te or thirteen miles, as we conjectured addenly and winds in a zig-zag form
varying with every turn. lsiderable part of our ascent, and we hing could damp our enjoyment of profusion on every side. The cataplentiful as blackberries in a braniy beautiful, althoagh none were on ole sides of the hills had been torn -the deep abyss; in other situations Bes, also leading to the eternal rocky tling, now leaping with sullen roar and k, and again murmuring with musical ty, over a smooth, pebbly surface. impossible to describe scenery so as y definite and accurate notion of its Le; and although the Salazie valley hdeur of the Alpine passes, and its reads upon a sable ground, it has a re than repay the paias and fatigues
we passed two or three pretty bridges, genuity, with cross and supporting ioden piers at French watering places. an ugly chasm in a rock with steep, ast an hundred feet into a boiling ed. A rurf-a-way slave pursued and precipice, plunged into.the roaring d to de, after, a feat of so much dar

Page 55
ing, and so irresistible a desire for lil to look down upon it, behind the prol In several places the valley becom the sides, which are inhabited and cu from slavery. A few of these were f careful, successful husbandry about cane, maize and vegetable gardens bel In a few places we saw coffee appa straggling, and untrimmed, the berr, Contractor's field at Rathongodde, or other estates in the province of Kand elevation of nearly 4000 feet, and it w loathsome bug which is a source of so planter.
One of the greatest sources of ple: beauty of the wild flowers and plants road side. The wild raspberry, honey of beautiful convolvuluses, and at leas ally strewed our path. Pretty and
 

perty. It almost made me giddy even tection of a stout parapet. es broad, and forms little plateaus o ultivated by the negroes recently freed ertile-looking spots, and had an air of them delightful to witness; the sugaring neat, trim, and flourishing. rently wild, for the bushes were long, y small and scattered, very unlike the the better quality of coffee grown on ly. We traced the coffee plants to an as curious to find in it here the same much loss and vexation to the Ceylon
asure in the pass, was the number and growing in endless profusion at the -suckle, rose and violet, with multitudes t twenty different species of fern, liter
rare butterflies lent their gorgeous

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4.
colours to heighten the glories of th woven their fairy webs across the way. The scenery in some parts strongly r through the picturesque valleys, and l Ceylon. Upon the whole the greaters a grander effect to Salazie, but the han beauties of nature, than in the stuper exhibited in the Karraganava and Ram the sides and summits of the Kandi and the thousand tints of the foliage f green and brown, more striking than having scaled the erest of the snowy ri coup d'oeil of the whole island gained f the corresponding view from the pin plain of Newera Ellia. With all its ur picturesque, I must confess, that I say union that pleased me so much as the the ruins of the old town of Grandport valley that the eye scanned with such Maturata valley seen from the ridge of racter and rural beauty of the Hewahe tage at Rathongodde in Ceylon.
The hardy rhododendron which im wild scenery of the Kandian ridges fro where all else is naked and barren, I d. must be confessed, however, that we di and striking portions of the Bourbons less views of the wildest, most sombri can readily believe from the physical over. The geological formation of the being still one active volcano on its su most likely become dormant during ti and mountains are basaltic, and lime bounding its inaccessible coast.
Nearly midway between the Escal having a church, a Mayoralty, and se the head-quarters of the commissary of for half an hour, and became acquainte ry, the former a strong, hale, rosy-face than a Gallic look, the latter an oblig of the pavilions at the watering place. our approach to his wife, the busy,
spring.

e scene, and enormous spiders had
eminded me of my recent wanderings ofty ridges of the central province of 2eming loftiness of the mountains gave of man had done less to bring out the dous monuments of engineering skill boddie passes. The forests clothing an hills are denser, the trees larger, !om bright scarlet to every shade of in the Bourbon woods. From not dge, I am unable to say whether the rom that lofty pinnacle is finer than nacle of Pedro Tallagalla, above the ldoubted claims to grandeur and the 7 nothing in the coast scenery of Reenchanting view of Mahébourg from ; in the Mauritius, mor was there a thorough enjoyment as the glorious Yakabendy Kellie, or the quiet chatti range, viewed from the Swiss cot
parts an almost magical effect to the m the brilliancy of its scarlet flowers, id not find in our way to Salazie. It d not see the grandest, most fantastic cenery, which are said to afford end2, and romantic description. This I character of the portion we travelled island is undoubtedly volcanic, there face, besides some craters which have le current geological era. Its rocks 'stone only exists in the coral reefs
ier and the Source, is a large village, veral substantial houses, besides being police of the district. Here we halted d with the Mayor and the Commissadold man, with much more of a Saxon ;ing active man, who is the proprietor He sent on a messenger to announce bustling manager of the sparkling

Page 57
The village is built on the largest of truly lovely spot.
At four in the afternoon, although reached the Salazie itself, not a little ti Madame Cazeau, with the aid of he a pavilion for our accommodation, in w rapidly removed. We then descended and picturesque as any we had passed the 'Source, as the issue of the miner In a small, circular and somewhat gay party of ladies assembled, one in only accorded well with the surroundi trical a figure, and unexceptionable : 'sublime and beautiful could desire. In it a clear, limpid, sparklimigjet of wate: a small ledge near it were a couple of vation in the ground coated with the fe cated streams. Here the pilgrims drin topics of interest that arise in the res rians.
The water is bright, clear, sparklin water: if anything, however, it is more
G 2
 

the natural plateaus we saw, and is a
we had strolled along leisurely, we red by our wet and weary walk. r black-eyed daughter, soon arranged. hich the travel stains of the road were along a steep, winding path, as pretty in coming up, and at length reached al spring is termed. lilapidated summer-house, we found a complete Swiss çoistume, which mot ng scenery, but exhibited as symmea foot and ancle, as any lover of the front of this fairy bower, and beneath c was rising from a narrow pipe. On ;umblers, and beneath it a little excarruginous looking deposit of the medink the waters, and talk over the various tricted circle of a knot of valetudina
g, and tastes not unlike 'epid. soda palatable and pungent with the smal

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4.
lest possible soupçon of a ferruginous analyzed with care and skill, so that it known. The most careful and trusty and excellent Chemist, Monsr. Marca for the result of his investigations carr tained in a subsequent portion of this So far as the limited means at accuracy of Monsr. Marcadieu's exam by a moderate consumer is six or eig at an early hour of the morning. Sor in the same space of time, with benefit large excess of free carbonic acid prese. wise be a disagreeable draught.
The climate of Salazie is so invigd deemed unbearable discomforts, are complaint, Still there is strong roo fortless shanties constructed for the co They are at present as primitive a America, and deficient in the thousa to which the English in particular att ing to comfort and contentment.
Some of them are prettily perched on the hill side, and the daily climbin. gathering, affords a fair amount of act The little station is beautifully situa tom of a semicircle of lofty hills, cover of the Piton des Neiges, which towers and unclothed with the remotest trace are many accessible and agreeable str enterprizing band would be the very mit of the Snowy range is practicab crest is said to be magnificent. It th from which Cilaos range may readil to have undertaken this trip, but the uncertainty of finding my way back to prevented my accomplishing this, an would gladly have made. The Cilaos accessible than Salazie. The water. mineral ingredients. An extemporal any moment by scraping out a hollo did not see it.
At six o'clock we were summoned past that we had seen, away from th

lavour. It has more than once been s properties and constituents are well orthy examination is that of an able ieu, to whose kindness I am indebted ed om at the Source itself. It is comsketch.
ny disposal permitted I verified the nation. The ordinary amount taken ht glasses during the day, beginning he went as far as twenty-two tumblers , and without nausea or sickness. The ht, renders palatable what would other
rating, that what would elsewhere be submitted to without inconvenience or m for improvement, in the rude cominvenience of visitors.
s the log houses of the backwoods of nd and one cheap little contrivances ach so much importance as minister
on romantic nooks like eyrie's nests g up and down to the central point of ive exercise in the open air. ted. It appears to form the flat boted with forest trees, with the exception up into the clouds, bold, barren, dark, of verdure or vegetable life. There olls in its vicinity, that to a sociable, paradise of picnics. Even the sume' for ladies, and the view from the reforms a broad ledge of table-land, y be reached. It was my intention limited duration of my leave, and the Calcutta within the prescribed limits, d one or two other excursions that II tation is more wild, primitive, and inare more abundant, and richer in eous bath may there be formed at in the sand. I regret much that II
the cleanest and most tempting reamenities of private life in the large

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towns. A magnificent, tasty turkey, e the whitest of napery, formed a banqu travellers did ample justice. The wine Madame Cazeau, her fair daughter, an The accommodation was scanty, bu priceless boons to those accustomed to home.
Should other pilgrims in search of t be tempted to wend their way to Sala accommodate them on the following te randum which she gave me at my requ “Madame Cazeau of Salazie will re lowing terms:-
* Board and lodging for grown up p from four to twelve years of age, three “The table will always be liberall half draught and half bottled-Cham bottle for four persons. “Medicines extra.
Means of transport. “An arm chair (tonjon) with six bea fourteen rupees. Ponies, mules, or do two rupees, or a dollar for every fifty p “When a family is numerous a ret expensive table is not required. The t. English visitors in May, 185l.'
Turkeys and poultry with nice bread tables are the staple articles of consum out of the question, unless taken up at leaves St. Denis for St. André twice e can be reached without distress or inco
The height of the mineral springs at feet, which are equal to about 286l En Those of Cilaos are 3343. French or with the latitude of the island, rathe: Southward of the Equator, will give a perature of those delighful spots. The meter during the twenty-four hours is celebrated Ceylon Sanatarium, and the notwithstanding that the Cingalese plai of the ocean. On the whole, with thi mineral waters, I prefer Salazie as a with which I am acquainted, and for

xcellent vegetables, capital bread, and st for a Sybarite to which we hungry were fair, and we all fell in love with their unexceptionable housewifery. t neat, and likewise of the cleanest, the prodigal cleanliness of an Indian
hat greatest of all blessings, health, zie, Madame Cazeau will receive and rms, a literal translation of a memoest :-
ceive invalids from India on the fol
ersons, eight rupees a day, children rupees. r supplied-the wine of good quality; pagne twice a week, at the rate of a
rers from the Escalier to the Source nkeys, sixs rupees" Luggage porters, ounds weight.
luction will be made, especially if an able will be served exactly as for the
, and an abundance of excellent vegeption. Beef and mutton are of course considerable expense. A diligence 7ery day, and at all times, the Source nvenience in twelve hours. Salazie is 872 metres, or 2616 French glish feet. 3655 English feet in elevation. This, more than twenty degrees to the olerably good idea of the mean temvariation in the range of the thermonot so great as at Newera Ellia, the climate is quite as cold, if not colder, n is six theusand feet above the level : undoubted efficacy and value of its anatarium to any place in the East the permanent cure of many Indian

Page 60
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diseases, I am convinced that it must and genial climate of the Cape. It h and less expensive sea voyage, with e which the other..does not possess... It dent, has many claims. peculiar to it regret a visit to its hospitable inhabita It was originally my intention to h succeeding our arrival at Salazie, in monies of the fête of the Republic. U I heard that a young man was dying the little community of Salazie were request of the gentlemen present, on I went to see the poor fellow and fo so far gone as to be perfectly insens means could not theni snatch him fro) stay, and afford him such little assist any medical means enabled me to give until his spirit departed, gently and May. The expected event occurred
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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be far superior to even the healing as the greater advantage of a shorter qually pure air, arid mineral treasures is a new country to the Indian resiIself, and none will, I am convinced, nts. ave returned to St. Denis on the day prder to witness the interesting cereJpon arriying at the Source, however, ; in a neighbouring pavilion, and all imuch interested in his fate. At the learning that I was a medical man, und him nearly moribund. He was ible, and although I felt that human m the grave, I deemed it my duty to ance as the almost entire absence of . I accordingly remained with him without a sigh, early on the 4th of at five in the morning and directly

Page 61
all was over I left the pavilion to bre tain air. Within, all was sad and si roar of the stream, the dark shadow produced by a young May Moon,
“Beautiful as if she c Fresh from the Elysis produced a solemnity and touching perienced in such intensity. He was of life, gifted with all that fortune co with a child whom he had never si melancholy attached to his untoward
At 10 o'clock, with a bright sun sh sweet, the mountain ridges gilded luminary of day, and all nature smi Denis. w
There was something very touchin borne on the shoulders of stout mol of the deceased gentleman. It was the valley, some two or three thout Church, in their gay holiday garb. I picturesque groups, Walking in Indiai a lively and animated character to groups were discovered from time to saluting the dead in the simple an thought that I had seldom witnessed so poetical a character to the grandeu At the Escalier, while waiting for barefooted French woman with a you and in a strong Norman accent, long visit her husband at that moment l; was a petty chief of the rural police, duties had that morning been attacke little history on the road, and sighed die” as having little hope of ever agai stout, handsome Normam, with all th strongly stamped upon him. He was but as quiet and resigned as a sick ( my fellow-traveller had with him, and The occurrences of this day, in the ha of High Ways and Bye Ways, woul his most interesting chapters.
We reached St. Denis at dusk, just fireworks om the Place du Governme.

47
athe for a few moments the pure mounlent; without, the never-ceasing sullen of the neighbouring hills, and the effect
ame, an bowers below' lepth of effect, that I never before exa handsome young man, in the prime uld bestow, and had left a young wife, een, in France. There was much of fate, the result of an act of imprudence. ining above, the air blowing fresh and with the bright rays of the glorious ling, we set off on our return to St.
g in the whole scene. The body was untaineers, followed by a faithful friend Sunday, and the whole population of sand in number, were returning from Each turn of the winding path showed 1 file along the steep ascents, imparting the prospect. As glimpses of these time, drawn up at the road-side, and d touching manner of all Catholics, I anything more affecting, and imparting ur and beauty of the landscape.
the horses to be harnessed, a pretty, ung infant in her arms, came up to me ; since familiar, entreated that I would ying sick in a neighbouring hut. He and in the exposure of his arduous 'd with fever. She told me her simple when she spoke of her “belle Normanin seeing it. Her husband was a tall, e physical characters of that fine race s rolled up in blankets in a raging fever, :hild. I gave him the little medicine then left, perhaps for ever, the Salazie. nds of the gifted and charming author d have furnished materials for one of
in time to witness the grand display of nt, concluding the ceremonies of the

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4
anniversary which had that day beer densely crowded with spectators, the fi ing sounds, and all was redolent of li: tween the event of the morning and th to my pillow musing and meditatingu life, and the stern practical lessons to of its chequered events.
 

celebrated. The great square was he military band sent forth its inspire and enjoyment. The contrast bee occurrences of the evening, sent me )on the strange vicissitudes of human pe deduced from a right interpretation

Page 63
THE
For several days before Qur departa between the shipping and the shore the hurricane months, is said to be windows of the Hotel de Joinville co From these we could daily witness heavy swell, that almost immediat strand, with loud and angry roar, cul with foam. The ships rolled so mucl keels, and no boat could have stem the flag of interdict was flying, an Many an anxious glance was cast watched with an interest known only structive blasts of AEolus in this stori tornado we had already witnessed in told of the wild havec of hurricane fabulous did they not leave behind course. During our stay in the islan of the basin adjoining the pier were effected wide breaches in its apparent of the signal hills in the Mauritius, w are said to have been blown away, w The sudden effect upon the mountai The water rolls down like a massive with such speed as scareely to pern
 

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黜 سية السلالا--- EEIHREE ši مت
颶獄
RETURN ure from St. Denis all communication . was cut off. This, although common in : extremely rare in May. The upper mmanded a fine view of the roadstead. the rolling of the vessels in the long, ely afterwards broke upon the stony cling into huge-crested billows, mantled as occasionally nearly to show their med the surging waves. All this time d business apparently at a stand-still. around the horizon, and every cloud to those who have experienced the demy latitude. The mighty effects of the the Salazie valley. Many are the tales si in these islands. Some would seem undeniable traces of their irresistible ld the repairs of the massive stone-wall going on. The sea in Maroh last had ly. impregnable sides. The man on one ith his house and all pertaining to him, rithout a vestige being ever seen again. in streams is sometimes almost magical. wall carrying all before it, and comes hit the people washing clothes in the

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5
stream, to escape with life and limb. been drowned on these occasions. tropical regions. The rivers in the pro sable in an equally short space of time scarcely ankle-deep; directly afterwal stones and trunks of trees hurtling to: The scenes of this elemental strife account in Tom Cringle's Log, of the t At length, on the 9th of May, the fl. off, but with great caution, the sea bei A Marseilles vessel was that day to to return quickly, I. resolved to go This I found no easy task. At the er the surface of the water, hung a mo embarkation available, for the violence the wooden ladder had it been lowere to regulate the intercourse, and to see of accidents were neglected. All boa their oars a few yards beyond the sw time as they were wanted. As soon : intending: to embark descended this boats when they came directly beneat mid-air, with the oscillation of the rop was anything but pleasant. I somewh some six feet into the little bark, ne rowers, and tearing the flesh of one of ship was half a mile off, but as I did n to the shore, glad to find myself once
I remained for sometime on the pier gage and cargo, and of filling the wa exceed the care of the French author. tions. The boat loading was anchor beyond the pier head. As soon as a lu generally after every third swell, the bg and the box, bag, or basket let down b waves were again seen to approach, the kedge, beyond their reach, and this wa when it was smartly rowed off, the line waiting. All this was conducted qui success that I did not see a single pa care prevents the loss of hife; indeed never occur. An unfortunate wight little chance of escaping, as the place a
r

0
Human beings and cattle have often The same is seen in all mountainous vince of Kandy are sometimes impasAt one moment clear, fordable, and 'ds a deep roaring torrent, with huge gether in its troubled race.
often reminded me of the graphic (ornado in Cuba. ag-staff intimated that boats might put ng still heavy and dangerous. sail for Calcutta, and as I was anxious on board to see her accommodations. ld of the pier, some twenty feet from vable rope ladder, the only means of of the swell would have carried away d for a moment. A pilot was on duty ithat no precautions for the prevention its were compelled to anchor or be at ell, and to approach the pier one at a as they were near enough, the person Jacob's ladder, and-dropped into the h. To a landsman this suspension in e and the dark heaving surge beneath, at miscalculated my time, and tumbled arly breaking the arm of one of the my own fingers from the bone. The ot like her accommodatioths I returned more on terra firma.
watching the process of shipping bagter casks of the ships. Nothing can ities in superintending all these operaed at a fixed mooring, some fifty yards ll occurred in the rolling of the waves, at was rapidly brought under the pier, by a stout rope. Directly the heavy 2 boat was quickly warped away to the s repeated until the cargo was shipped, : being made over to the next boat in ckly, systematically, and with such ckage wetted or injured. The salue l, I believe, that accidents seldom or who missed his hold would stand but bounds in hudgry sharks. If he gave

Page 65
them the slip, he would most probabl the surf breaks on the shingle beach. as at Madras, massulah boats would nothing made of wood...or iron, I fancy iron-bound shore.
The 'water casks were filled throl screwed on to the end of a large iron height from which the water comes fo At three in the afternoon our party above in embarking on the Eglé, an phet's tomb, rather longer than was S Most, if not all, of us parted from t pushing off we gave the friends we le lish`cheers.
The absence of a good harbour, the of culture, and the prejudicial influe before any proper provision had been have seriously affected the prosperity The chief article of export is sugar, tius, everything has been sacrificed, in consequence of the richer white val tive blight, that threatened the very much as the potato was destroyed in the epidemic visitations of ergotic di districts of France. -
A mixed commission of scientific a Mauritius Government to investigati the blight, and if possible to suggest is an able and interesting document, of the disease pretty much-as it found
My own opinion of the matter-if beyond having witnessed its destruct or enunciate any notions regarding it epidemic diseases, it will be found to tion of a low form of vegetable fung covered to be some chemical agent t the plant grows, as to prevent its for diseased canes should be carefully an grow, and this compared with the res cane and its soil. The differences, if give a clue to the origin of the evil.
The arguments in favor of the anim very strong, and the application of
н 2

5.
y be killed by the violence with which
Were this soft, shelving, and sandy probably have been used there, but I, could be stranded with safety on that
ugh a hose with a metal mouth-piece pipe running along the barrachois, the rcing it with facility to the lower level. r went through the ordeal mentioned di some were suspended, like the Proafe or pleasant.
he hospitable island with regret, yet in ft behind us three hearty, honest, Eng
} vast proportion of the land incapable nce of the sudden abolition of slavery made to replace its compulsory labour, of Reunion.
and to its cultivation, as in the MauriThe red cane is now universally grown, iety having become liable to a destrucexistence of the plant itself, almost as 1 Ireland, or the rye plant in some of sease, that attacked it in the marshy
nd practical maen was appointed by the 3 the subject, to ascertain the cause of remedies for its removal. Their report but leaves the knowledge of the cause it.
one practically ignorant of the subject, ive influence, be permitted to entertain -inclines me to think, that, like some be dependent tipon the rapid germinaius. The cure, I imagine, will be disthat will so act upon the soil in which mation. The incinerated ashes of the alyzed, as well as the soilin which they ults of a likę process upon the healthy any, found to exist between them, may
algular nature of these diseases are also the microscope to their investigation

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would seem to strengthen them so mu scientific observers, to amoumt to absol In the meantime I would venture t the cane disease, and to the coffee p tormented by the bug, to send hom Epidemiologieal Society recently form members some of the most distinguisl proved means of investigation possesse brought to bear upon the subject,
The epidemic diseases of plants bean of their effects to those of animals, th the one, cannot fail to throw some deg other. Their joint examination may coveries, even to their removal or nel to the immortal process of Jenner.
Vanille and coffee are also grown in so far as I could ascertain.
There is an absence of commercial would almost lead one to believe tha probably, not the case. It partakes niente of the Italians, than of the stea British mercantile world, or of the shrey quality of the Americans. It is mot in future day, of Free-trade principles by accelerative impulse, and rescue it from becoming a burthen instead of an assist as it may I am convinced that no Eng the kindest of welcomes, and that none of feelings towards its enlightened, soc Our return in the Eglé was infinitel the Prince Albert. Captain LeClaird comfort, sailed his vessel like an accom in fact united the manly frankness o proverbial urbanity and politeness of i á gale of winid, and the waves were hi the morrow brought us in sight of la early on the morning of the llth of ReUNION. Reader if it please you o did me in the performance, " If shall havi of my Rough Notes.’

2
ch, as in the opinion of many eminent lute proof, f
o suggest both to those interested in lanters in Ceylon, who are as much e the diseased plants, seeds, &c. to the led in London. It ranks among its ned men of the age, and the most apd by modern science would at once be
so remarkable a resemblance in many at the elucidation of the mysteries of ree of light upon the obscurities of the
very possibly lead to valuable disutralization by some means analogous
Bourbon, but not to any great extent,
life and energy in St. Denis which it it is a declining town, yet, such is more in appearance of the dolce far dy, resolute, unbending energy of the vd, go-a-head, guessing and talculating mprobable that the adoption, at some the French Republic, may give it an ruin, or from what is nearly allied to it, ance, to the mother-country. Be that ishman will visit it without receiving will quit it without the most friendly able, and liberal inhabitants. y more agreeable than our passage in ld all that man could do to add to our plished and able seaman as he is, and f the English naval officer, with the ais own country. It was blowing half gh on the passage, yet, the mid-day of belle Maurice, where we cast anchor May. And thus ended our tour to he-tenth as much in the perusal, as it : no reason to regret the publication

Page 67
STATISTICS
IT was originally my intention si of my personal observations in Bourbc of Salazie and Silhaos, with a few I removal of the effects of which they se I find, however, that so little is kno which will, I believe, ere long beco from India in search of health, that I and thrown together a few details which, I trust, will not be found altog The information, now, to the best o lish readers, is chiefly derived from 1828 by a M. Thomas, who held a hig and whose remarks and details, I wa interesting and carefully digested. Si little, if any, radical change can have twenty years, and with the excepti pulation, the change of government the Bourbon of 1828 differs little in e Like the greater number of the isl Ocean, it is essentially a volcanic prod were mot furnished by the peculiar and gigantic fissures which separate
 

OF REUNON.
mply to have appended to the notes n, an analysis of the mineral waters emarks on the tropical diseases for the em to be suitable. wn regarding this interesting island, me more frequently visited by pilgrims have departed from my first resolve respecting its geography and statistics, ether uninteresting. f my belief, first made known to Engan extremely able report drawn up'in h and important office in the island, s informed, are as accurate as they are ) far as I had the means of judging, occurred in the island during the last on of the emancipation of the slave po, and a general commercial depression, ssentials from the Reunion of. 1851. inds in the Indian Seas and the Pacific uction. If sufficient evidence of this character of its mountains, threabrupt them, and the structure of its frame

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work, it would be found in the beds of which are found every where. To cro zuolana, more or less abundant, and of situations on the northern aspect of istence an active volcano at its souther The hills and mountain peaks whi the physical aspect of the land have all volcanic eruptions, of which the long e traces of their existence to the north.
The middle of the isle, as if unable settled down, forming a vast basin at crust standing erect and abrupt. The the River of Rocks and the peak of) plaine des Chicots, the partition of great Bénard, which like a perpendict cavity, and in the midst of this mass C the level of the ocean, the great Snowy
To judge from the natural slope of been the central and culminating po gradual inclination prolonged from t this peak, or a little above the actuall The great fissures in the sides of the of the interior, and form the beds c have all undoubtedly resulted from its On the northern side of the island t tion, are of extinct volcanic action.
At its southern extremity the volcar rounding country is a perfect type of trace of life or vegetation. The sur by fissures which open during the su traveller is stopped by streams of b emits clouds of smoke, occasionally st sometimes discharges streams of lava, The period and direction of the er last with greater or less intensity activity being somewhat dependent on Storms and hurricanes are said to tervals of time, by eruptions.
The actual orifice of the crater char extent of about two leagues, at probal border of the sea.
The whole of the intermediate spac rous eruptions which have succeeded

4.
lava of different thickness and nature wn all, extinct craters filled with pozdifferent eras, are seen in numberless the island, while there is still in ex'n extremity. ch impress their peculiar characters on been formed, at different times, by xtinguished fires have left ineffaceable
to resist their action, appears to have its centre, leaving portions of its solid chief of these hills are the heights of Langevin, the culminating point of the St. Stephen's River, Cimandef, the lar wall closes the leeward side of this fruins, nearly ten thousand feet above
Peak. the lands surrounding it, it must have iht of the original mountain, as their. he sea shore would have met either at evel of its summit.
hill which give issue to the waters f the rivers and the ravines now seen,
disruption. he evidences scattered in every direc
lic fires are still active, and the surfutter desolation, without the remotest face is covered with scoriae, traversed accussipns of the mountain, when the urning lava. The volcano constantly ends forth brilliant bursts of flame, and
uptions are irregular; they generally during four months of the year, their
the state of the atmosphere. be almost always preceded, at long in
ges nearly every year, shifting over an bly a distance of three leagues from the
le is covered with the lava of the nume. ach other for many years. The sum

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5.
mit of the existing point of eruptio) hundred toises, or, according to the sta 8236 feet above the level of the sea, announced by the formation of fresh pe they generally open om the sea aspect -e The quantity of lava discharged is c the surface, the interruption caused b, structions, the burning stream is frequ sometimes in one compact current, occa The phenomena connected with th haviour generally, are exactly the same of flame is less in volume than that of and, except during the efuption of 181 of ashes.
The geological considerations conne, the gradual production of vegetation fr mountains to the great forests at their to witness, are searcely óf śRufficiènt int sketch as-this is intended to be.
The soil is separated into three disti absolutely barren and uncultivated;. cleared for cultivation, and is most imp sential for vegetation; the third is peo depends the prosperity of the island.
The meteorology of Réunion is prob sical characters to us, for on the mildn of its variations of temperature, and depend, in a great measure, its high ri tropical invalids. ܚ , w
When to these is added the inesti shall attempt tọ shew hereafter, İram s most eligible asylum and refuge withi of the most frequent and destructive p Placed in a singularly favorable pos where the winds blow alternately fron India where the monsooms are also pe) aspect by the great island of Madagasc of France, Bourbon is not exposed te the monsoons. The temperature of.R. its atmosphere is constantly refreshe ing the day, is "sueceeded by the lañd v the winter solstice the highest mounta are both agreeable and necessary in th

is conjectured to be about eleven ‘ement in Johnstone's Physical Atlas, New and approaching eruptions are aks on the crest of the burning ridge; f the hill. 'onsiderable, and from sinuosities on y fissures in its course, and other ob- - ently a month in reaching the ocean, sionally in many braiching streamlets. Le hardening of its surface and its be: as those of other volcanoes. The jet Etna or Vesuvius but, quite as lofty, 2, is seldom accompanied by a shower
sted with the formation of the soil, and om'thė mosses of the summits of the bases, although curious and striking jerest to detail in so very scursory a
nct belts or regions, of which one is, a great part of the 'second cannot be ortant in regulatiñg the moisture es, pled and cultivated, and on its fertility
ably the most important of its phyess of the climate, the limited-range
the extreme purity of its atmosphere ecommendations as a Sanatarium for
mable value of its mineral waters, as I trongly, inclined to regard it as the in the tropics, for the victims of 'some lagues and pestilences of India. ition, between the Cape of GoodHope n East to West, at fixed periods, and riodically felt, sheltered on its western tar, and to the eastward. by the isle ) the fall force of either the trades or eunion is always mild and egreeable; by a sea breeze, which, blowing durvind at night. When the sun is near ins are covered with snow, and fires e neighbouring habitations.

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The length of the days varies no more est day being thirteen hours and sixt hours and forty-four minutes. On the 5° 22 A.M. and sets at 6° 38' P. M. 6°38' A. M. and sets at 5° 22' P. M.: th
This beautiful island is one of the tropical diseases ever occur there, they r lence that renders them so formidable ir It was early used as a Sanatarium f on the coast of Madagascar, and is still From its situation in the track of the ricanes, lasting from twelve tó fiftėen attended with great. destruction to pro torrents of rain, overflowing the rivers, v cataracts, and for the time, intercept th parts of the island. The barometer is th and the measure of their violence while. of ąn extraordinarily violênt gust, and ) Sugar houses, churches, and trees have l and devastation usually mark their track Each direction of the wind has its o S. E. is almost always a dry, strong w and being replaced in the evening or ni steady continuance of a S. E. breeze, wh Eastward, covering the mountains with : by the land wind.
The N.E. is usually a rainy wind, blo and March, during the height of the rai accompanied by gentle showers. The N. is also a rainy wind. The N.W., W., ahd S. W. winds are hot season; they are hot, dry, unheal burning the leaves òf plants às if the bias
From a table of the prevailing winds in with much care, it appears that during 50 days, a N. E. wind for k70 days, an days, S. W. 5 days, W. 13 days, N. W. 6 In the two succeeding years 1820 and the register of winds :- viż.
N. . . . . . . ... 2 days. E. S. E..... 148 days; S N. N. E. ... 2 S. E. ...... 262 W N. E. . . . . . . . 4 - S. S. E. ... 76 W E. N. E... i. 19 . . . s. . . . . . . . . . . W E. S. S.W..... 2 N
وه. "38 ............. f

than two hours and a half, the longeen minutes, and the shortest ten 12th of December the sun rises at on the l8th of June he rises at 2re is no twilight. healthiest in the whole world, and if arely run their course with the vio
India. s or the unhealthy French settlements employed for the same purpose. trades it is liable to occasional hurhours with timdiminished intensity, perty, They are accompanied by hich thunder down the ravines like e communication between different 2 surest indication of their approach, they last, falling during the passage ising again immediately afterwards. been blown down by them, and ruin
wn meteorological character. The ind, rising at eight in the morning, ght. by the land breeze. During the ite stationary clouds are seen to the dense veil, until they are dissipated
ving generally.in. January,February, ns. At this season of the year, it is
usually rainy, especially during the hy, and destructive to vegetation, tof a furnace had passed over them. 1818 ånd 1819, kept and constructed hat period, a North wind blew for Easterly wind for 65 days, S. E. 275 2; and there were galms for 89 days, 1821, the following is an abstract of
W. . . . ... 1 days. Variable, .. 89 days. '.S. W. . . . 1 , Calm, - . . . . g . عبر ۔ 1 11۔ • • • . . . . . . . S. W. ... 30.
W. . . . . 2 is

Page 71
During the fine weather at Reunion and of the deepest azure tint; an ea up at 8 in the morning, light clouds the mountain of St. Denis, and ultim the town; towards two in the aftermo After sun-set the land breeze get leaves the sky clear and resplendent v These phenomena are so regularinth ten fine days in any year, in which t same sequence.
As most Englishmen are particularl of every corner of the globe visited by will give invalids from India a tolerab. shine and showers they may expect to
Months. W
January, P. p. e pFebruary, b 姆》娜 X (s . . Marchi, O ) AO S April, Y O o Мау, ... . . . . و . . l June, .. .. 8 July, ... 8 g 0 l August, O O as مننه | i Septèmber, s e. . . i October, 8 8 so . . 2 November, ".. O se ... l December 0. 88. ؟• • . . l
Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The succeeding table gives sufficien fell during the years under review. yearis šo much more than the English found with Reunion on the score of quantity that fell in any single month.

57
at sun-rise, the sky is clear, cloudless, terly or south-easterly breeze springs gradually accumulate on the summit of ately spread like a thin veil nearly to on it has every appearance of rain.
up, drives the clouds to the sea, and ith stars during the whole of the night. air occurrence, that there are scarcely hey are not witnessed in exactly the
y interested in the state of the weather them, the subjdined tabular statement
ly fair average of the amount.of sun
find in Reunion.
DAYS.
Fine གའ་ HurriWeather. Rain. Cloudy. Thunder. E .
318, 1819, 1818, 1819, 1818, 1819, 1818-1819818, 1819
7 12 18 14 r. 5 5 - 2 | 0 | 1 8 9 6 13 9 6. 5 0 || 0 || 0 6 5 16, 9 4 3 0 l. 8. 2 3 is 5 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 7 9 7 || 1 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 7|17|·李4 7|,9甘,6 0 0 | 0 0 >
12 | 5 | 3 | 15, 16 || 0 || 0 | 0 || 0 3. l l 3 14 10 6 - 0 t) 0 || 0 3 6 4 5, 13 9 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 2 4 5 - 2 4 15 N 0 || 0 || 0 () 2 4 .. 4 6 14 - 20 0 - 0 | 0 | 0 1 12 13 12 | 7 || 7 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0
0 139 105 || 6 |l 19 110 16 3 1 - 2
tly minutely the quantity of rain that Two-thirds of fine days in the whole man's average, that little fault will be rain. Eighteen inches is the largest

Page 72
58
Quinti rain fa Months.
1818
Inches: January, O ... 8,886 February, e ・・|、6402 March, ... Os ... A 3.865. April, .. . O ... 4.383 May, . . . | gb O. . . . 0.324 June, .. O 8 ... 0.559 - July, . . . . O e. • 0 | ... ته. l9l August, .. e so'. .. | - 0.1 24 Ꮮ September, O o . . . .332 October, - O ... 0.533 November, ... 0.591 December, ... 8.326
Total,. . . . . . . . . . . 50.56
The average temperature of the island month to month being comparatively t ture is among the causes of the great few more effieient aid formidable cause sudden and extreme variations of heat
The following tables* give a fair e variations of temperature during the sev
Mean indications of the Th.
Mei
Minin
Months,
88
O
Janitary, 8 8 6' . 75.ll , February, or is a . 76.30 March, gi e 9 ... 75.6l April, . = 73.71 ... اة May, ao e o s is 70.75
June, e. se O. O. ... 68.86 July, . . eo so ... 64.80 August, ... so ... 66.16 September, eo 68.4 ... هوi October, 0 O. 70.97 ... ه
November, s ... 73.90 December, O ... 75.70
Mean, • a be os . 71.69
of This temperature is for the level of St. Den
but otherwise...exp maintains the same uniformity.
osed Verandah; the tempe

y Yof Evaporation in the Number of days len. shade. of rain.
1819 1818 1819 1818 1819
w Inches. Inches, Inches.
7,574 4.268 5.92 8 4.
4.197 356 - 5.723 6 13 3.60 3.904 5.271 . 15 .. 6 3.437 3.437 3.774 11 13. 2007 4.503 3.744 - 7 ll 2:925 4.436 3344 4 0.959 5.93 - 4.494 5 3 1.772 7.018 4.598 3 4 0.294 5.196 5.400 4 5 0.07 7.887 6,859 5. 2 0.866 7.372 7.099 4 6' ' 7,09 6.212 4.834 - 13 2
35.457 62.987 6l.052 105 116
kis very uniform, the variations from rifling. This uniformity of temperahealthiness of Reunion, as there are s of certain classes of diseases, than and cold. stimate of the average and extreme eral months of the years noted.
ermometer (Fahrenheit.)
Mean Mean üm. Maximum. Temperature.
1819 1818 1819 1818 1819
O O o о o 75.20 83.55 .84.99 79.32 80.10 75.15. 85.62 85.82 80.96 80.49 75.33 || 83.19 || 86 23 | 79.4Լ | 80.78 72,10 83.77 82.8 78.74 77.45 69.93 - 82.06 8.55 76.41 75.74 67.39 79.34 79.29 74.10 73.33 66.00 77:3r 79.03 71.06 | 72.52 66.13 79.30 78.7l 72.73 7242 68.16 8.9l 82.04 75.6 75.10 69.89. 83.19 83.48 77.08 - 76.68 71.81 | 84.99 | 83.95* | " 79.45 . | 77.68 73.58 85.26 83.86 80.47 78.72
70.85 82.46 82.65 77.07 76.75
s: the observations were made in a covered, rature of the hills is considerably lower, yet

Page 73
5
Eletreme variations of the
- 18
Months. 目 且 : >
4 . O January, - • v. ... 87.71 February, O O ... 88.70 March, .. 'e a o ... 87.98 April, . . t o di 0{86.0 . لهه May, - . . 83.03 ... ) )( ۔ • ۔. June, . so as ap 82.58 July, . . 7925 |・・ هٔ ه August, ... is O ... 82.69. September, . of . 85.73 October, to ... ... 85.19 November, o , e s 6 .. 1 * 87.8Ꮌ * December, dis O. O. 87.80
Although the progress of physical unravelling the mysterious consectio of the earth, and the health or sick measurements and oscillations are ol climate and meteorology, Thé follow taken from the work of M, Thomasis vation and record.
Eactreme oscillation
Months 野
s “R
3 .
Inches. January, 29.898 مه, February, 866.....۔۔ March. 6 s .30.664 • ه April, . is a O ... 29.946 May,. . . O. O. . ... 30.015 June, . . - O o di ... ...)49 July, .. O. O. .23 August,... O. O. • • ... .194 September, -- ano 162. [.. ۔ October, •es o ... .053 November, so . 29.965 December,
* For the reduction of these tables юEng of Capt. Thuillier and Mr. W. L. Rees,
r 2

9
Thermometer (Fahrenheit.)
18 1819 Difference.
菲 鳍 |·菲 188 1819 - 目 s 目 牢,1,> >
w ി--മ- «Y
O O Ο
- O VM
71.96 88.70 || 71.78 15.75 16.92. 7088 87,89 | 72.95 17。82 | 1型。94 70.25 90.68 70.52 17.73 20.16 69.85 | 85.10 | 68.00 | 1Ꮾ.Ꮾ5 | 17.10 " 67.28 86.54 65.03 - 5.75 - 2.5 6.40 82.04 62,60 8.18 19.44 61.34 886 61.88 17.91 19.98 60:89 85.10 - 60.80 21.78, 24.30 64.49 84.92 64.40 2124; 20.52 66.47 86.00 67.64 18.72 18.36 69.80 86.72 67.10 17.55 19.62 . 72.50 - 86.90 69.80 15.30 17.10
| science has not yet succeeded in n between the magnetic phenomena iness of its inhabitants, barometrical f considerable interest in reference to ing table,* which like all the above, is evidently the result of careful obser
... of the Barometer,
183 1819
5 : ܒܽ 7 ܐ ܢܶܘ݂ `| ܕܐ.
目 攀 ·斐 卦 | 攀
目 日 。菲 腊 垩 + 蹈 |,腊 A 率 宫 石 Inches. : Inches. - inches. .
29.655 .243. 29.904 29.275 .629 474 392 1913 .643 || -270 502 || 405ے ^ 907, 0 || ‘‘ 1330 ص 28.734 29.17 229 .980 .667 313
83 .318 31,032 30.098 .934 .831. . .382 30.158 29.884 .274 .882 - .312 - .200 .804 .396 88 28 。095 | 。844 。251 788 .265 Ꭿ80 | .735 | .395 ,729, -236 ;038 775 .263 714, 226 29.971 663 .308
史 -
lish standards, I am indebted to the kindness

Page 74
Mean indications
At 6 a.
Months.
-8is 1:
Inches. In January, ... ) aAMS ... 29.820 29, February, o . ... 735 March, . . . . . . . . . .733 April, .. O a ... 865 Мау, ... " a s. - O O. . . . .900 June, .. so . . . . . . . 30.010 . July, . . . a a ... .05930 August, o a 047). || . هر || ، September, ...'29,98229. October, e O dop . . . .963 . November, ... .877 . becember, • vo . . . .826 .
Mean, . . . . . . . . . . . .129.90 129.
The population of the island of tropical colonies, consists of whites, In 1826, the white colonists (French) of the population increases very rapidl from France, averaging fifty annually, over deaths, the former being in the pl whole white population, while the deat and eight-tenths: the births being as to 100, or about 9 to 5. Upon án ani generally 83 natural children, or about The 553 legitimate births are the gives nearly one marriage to every 100 children and six-tenths to each marria girls than boys are born in hot climate statistics of the island of Bourbom, sin to 1824, a sixtieth more of boys than o In 1824 the slave population of Bou one-sixth in number from 1818, whe continuing to diminish at a stim more : As the slaves were the only cultive regarded with apprehension as likely cultivation in the island and even ti requiring much labor and skill.
Two causes for the decrement were a -the male exceeding the female sex in

50
of the Barometer.
Daily mean M At 9 A. M. At 3 P. M. oscillations.
319 1818 1819 1818 1819 1818 1819
hes, Inches. Inches. Inches. Inches. 74629.828 29.778 29.775 29.723 5.35 5.5l. 816 .764 .849 .698 .787 6.57 6.14 803 .770. .836 .686 .769 8.27 6.77 830 .886 .844 .812. .807, 7.32 6.0 864 .961 906 .921 .837 7.48 6.89. 968 30.051՛|30.01 1 .981 .947 || 6.97 | 6.46 015 || .077 || .064-j .999 ! .987 || 7.91 || 7.7 ! 001 069.03630.000 .961 6.85 7.52 . 983.29.994 .01929.924 .941 7.01 7.84 932 .959 29.959 .903 .884 5.67. 7.44 924 .877 .947 .806 .88l 2.17 6.61 83 .839 .83730.180 .265 5.28 7.20
89829,931 29.924 29.80729,857 6.82 685
Bourbon, like that of other interblacks, and mulattoes or half-castes. humbered about 18,125; this portion y, both by the arrival of new colonists
and by the constant excess of births oportion of one to twenty-four of the hs amount to nearly one in forty-four to the deaths in the proportion of 179 ual increase of 636 births, there were
öne in eyery seven and two-thirds. ruits of about 154 marriages, which
individuals, and an average of three ge. It is popularly believed that more s; this opinion is not borne out by the 2e in a period of six years, from 1819. f girls were born there. bon was 45,375, it having decreased it amounted to. 54,359, and it was 'apid rate. tors of the soil, this diminution was very seriously to affect the extent of extinguish the rearing of produce.
signed-the small number of women, the proportion of 28-to 17; and the

Page 75
t
unsuitableness of the climate for the rality of all slave states is not mentione was one of the most efficient causes of Φο. v
A curious circumstance mentioned M. Thomas is, that upon the capture the number of freed-men was 2,340, w to its former possessors in April, 181 -favorable,” says the French Chronicler sion: it has been otherwise since ther 1823, twenty-three individuals only we A recent paragraph in the Maurit. population of Reunion to consist of -
Men, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • av OAV W » ab o o as as Women, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male Children, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female Children, .............
An impression appears to be entertain ing population of Bourbon is reduced “ I believe this not only to be incorrect Authorities. That they are compelled which they enter, and are punished fore on the other hand they are protected f none of the punishmeats to which they or cruel. I was unable to collect any the present number, and condition of with whom I came in contact in the int apparently as fond of finery and merrim quarter of the globe. Maronage, or ceased, since, all have been liberated, y seemed strong in many of those who ha inaccessible nooks that abound at ever the Republican Government, and eve become industrious and peaceable subje The earliest white inhabitants were ments, in Madagascar, and the successfu carried the ill-gotten gains of their : this retired island. They generally bec endeavoured to gain, by steady conduct and propriety, the good-will of the new

frican population. The gross immoby the French writers, but doubtless he mortality and diminution referred
in the introduction to the work of of the island by the English in 1810, rereas when the colony was restored , they had increased to 4,459. “So * was the English rule to manumis, for during four years, from 1820 to re liberated.’ us papers represents the immigrant
Indians. Africans.
... .... l7,827 998 O o O ... 48 529.و. P o to e ao ao e 168 19
•ါ·- - - - - l9 l
ത്ത് حصمیــــــــــسمپلکس جسے 19,643 1,215
ned in India that the importedlabour
almost to a state of slavery.' t, but to be very unjust to the French strictly to fulfil all obligations into very breach of contract is certain, but rom violence, injustice, or injury, and are subjected are unnecessarily harsh
trustworthy information respecting
the free negro. population. Those erior were a contented, idle, civil set, ent as are the negro progeny in every he desertion of slaves has of course et the old desire for a vagabond life ve squatted in the ravines. and almost y step. They are kindly treated by y effort is made to induce them to ts.
onvalescents from the French settlebuccaneers of the 17th century, who dventurous and criminal cruises te me quiet and peaceable-settlers, who and thg-externals at least of decorum community.

Page 76
A6
The agents sent Qut by the old. Fren who became settlers, and the adventur as só many El Dorados in which rapi certain result of migration, all aided present white Creole population is des climate is supposed to have induced 1 who originally left Europe as birds of ing as soon as they had accumulate home.
The descendants of the first Creoles few wants, and those simple and easily fishing, hunting, and the culture of ric was, ín theiręstimation, degraềding to t of them in the days of slavery were un, the most retired places to conceal alike The possessions of their ancestors became insufficient for the maintenanc sold to enable them more readily to div ed by M. Thomas, as well made, robus vanity, and touchiness. Their loyalty, capability of endaring fatigue and pri in the exploits of the volunteer corps wars between France and England, a island,
An amusing instance of the absurd island. · Gine of them, in a state of ę tion, applied to a benevolent. lady f maize, upon which with the coolest im to carry it for him. He was not ash the presence of the slaves of the estate Formerly they were described as a catholics without the slightest pretensi and precepts of religion. This is no with whom I conversed were intellig spite of the all-pervading vanity, which agreable and amiable.
As a race they seemed to me to manliness to the corresponding class due to the superior-salubrity of their of Beagal would dwarf a race of giants long, and I believe there are not to be descendants of pure European, settle: back. The old attempts to encour

A
h.East India Company, many soldiers 'rs who, usually floek to distant colonies d fortunes were supposed to be the to form the nucleus from which the 3ended. The great healthiness of the hany to become permanent residents jassage, with the intention of returni the means of living in comfort at
are said to be an indolent race, with satisfied. Their chief opcupations are 2 and maize. As any species of work heir character as whites, and as many able to afford slaves, they retreated to : their poverty and their pride. by constant-division and subdivision :e of their numerous families, or were ide the inheritançe. They are describt, and courageous; but full of pride, filial attachment to the soil of France, Vation, and love of adventure, as seen which distinguished itself in the old 'e all lauded by the chroniclers of the
pride of the class is current in-the treme indigence bordering on starvaor charity. She gave him a bag of pudence, he asked the loan of a slave amed to beg, but to bear a burthen in
was an intolerable disgrace
n extremely igriorant race, and good ons to any knowledge of the principkes , the case at present; many of those ent, tolerably well informed, and in peeps out on the snallest provocation,
be superior in energy, enterprize, and in India. - Much of this is doubtless climate. The enervating atmosphere in three gemerations, if they lasted só found in the plains of Hindostan, the is, who can date, their origin, further age European invalids to settle and

Page 77
transmit a white population attache entirely.
On the other hand, the white Creola back a direct lineal descent of und settlers in 1717.
What an important lesson does t retaining and attempting to rear th soldiery, in Calcutta, instead of prod the Hills, to form, hereafter, the nu European descent. Such a barrier, plains, and the hardy settlers of Cen exercise an important influence on th Empire.
It is remarkable that the same de race have been observed in Java, and In the former, the results of an ext late Governor General of the Dutch that the progeny in the third gene that the majority of these were sickly There seem te be few foreigners of four British residents in the isla Milesians. The fourth is a coachman Denis in the capacity of a groom, Australia. This man is a perfect orig Boz or Geoffroy Crayon would form lishman isolated in a foreign land, am associations. He is a first rate wh road and ribbons, and in fact a sober Mark Tapley in his composition.
He is...not a little of a quaint hun accidentally from his address to his te “Sohoi Soho l gently Pascal! gent my beauty.’
This strange association of names; having thus christened his cattle.
The reason given for naming the Provincial Luetters was singular enoug mal, Sir, so I calls him Pascal to pleas Ye shades of all that is amiable an nign of philosophers, to become the g The other Bucephalus was denomi he held his head and elevated his cres “He’s a reglar star gazer, Sir, so I

3
d to and children of the soil, failed
ss of Reunion can, în many cases, trace egenerated succession from the early
his teach of the impolicy and folly of he healthy offspring of the European ucing a vigorous, mainly population in cleus of a great community of pure xisting between the dark races of the tral Asia, would in ages yet to come, Le future destinies of the great Indian
generation and decadence of the white in some of the West India Islands. tended and close official enquiry by the possessions in India, elicited the fact, ration was almost entirely female, and
and barren.
settled in Reunion. I only heard and, and three of them, ladies, were who originally found his way to St. in charge of horses from the Cape or inal in his way, and in the hands of an excellent type of a wandering Engidst strange people, and entirely new tip, well-versed in the mysteries of the sort of Sam Weller, with a touch of
hourist in his way, as we ascertained
al ly why don't you behave like Newton,
upon enquiry, elicited the fact of his
; wheeler after the gentle author of the sh. “ He's a werry himpetupus hanie the French, 'cos he goes like Blazes P' d excellent the most gentle and beodfather of a fiery steed. nated from the proud manner in which it.
calls him Newton.'

Page 78
While descending one of the steep gan to plunge. I could not see thi its nature by witnessing a most scienti the humming of “FLY not yet-'tis removal of the source of irritation Q removal of the blue bottle that tick dismissed with the gentle injunction C “ thee and me !”
To return, however, to the physical furrowed, by mamy rivers. and ravines, charge themselves at various points in Between St. Denis and the burnt l there are no less than fifteeu rivers, abundant in their vicinity, render this
Of the fifteen, but eight are large less from the body of water they usu length, the swiftness of their course, temporary causes.
The river of the East, which is the l Rose and Saint Benoit, rises at the b: peak of the same name, the two small t Haiz: its length is about three league For some distance from its origin it i emerging from which it flows to the sea wated its channel in a tortuous course, w changes in this course that a traveller, w before him, has seen it rush behind hi. dry shod. The river rises suddenly to almost as quickly to its natural level, dangerous to ford, as its bed is filled wi The river of Marsoniers traverses th centre of the island, and is from five to little water in its channel, except in respectable dimensions from the num tributions into its basin from the mid mountains.
Its banks are low, causing it occas neighbouring lands and dwellings. It
:The-riyer of Rocks has a more restric with trees from its source to its fall. nity, from which its stream, always p current rendered rapid and dangerous, carried along with it.

4
hills, Pascal became fidgetty and be cause, but was made acquainted with ic flourish of the whip, followed by ot the hour,’ which accompanied the lite as quaint in its way as the quiet ed the philosopher's nose, and was f the world being large enough for
haracters of the island. Its surface is which radiating towards the sea, disits circumference. and on the weather side of the island which, with the mists and showers Juarter very productive and fertile. :nough to deserve the name of rivers, lly contain, than by reason of their und their occasional rapid rise from
imit betweeen the communes of Saint ase of the plain of sands between the able-mountains, and the centre called S. s confined between the mountains, on on a broad bed in which it has excainding right and left. So rapid are the ho, when crossing had the main stream m so speedily as to have passed over a considerable height, and falls again its current is always rapid, and very h large, loose, round stones. e quarter of St. Benoit, rises in the six leagues in length; it usually has he rainy season when it becomes of erous streamlets pouring their conle of the forests and the foot of the
onally to overflow and damage the now crosscd by a substantial bridge. ed eourse, and its banks are planted Much rain falls in its immediate vicientiful, is frequently raised, and its rge masses of loose rock being often

Page 79
The river Dumas or du Mat, like t by hills and forests: it has always a its current rapid, and its fords were
The river St. Jean which separat quietly and in a somewhat muddy st waters are greatly increased, and the accumulation of the waters, faster tha forded than most of the other stream
The river Ste. Suzanne, after runni heights, at length, at about half a lea cades upon the plain. After its desce to the sea. During the winter, this f sixty feet in height, is said to have :
Ce. “
The river of the Rains, which is ravines encumbered with rocks which times a formidable stream. It arise plaine des Fougères, has a full strean down into a vast bed of alluvium, wh raneously to the sea. When it ris with loud and angry rumbling, it rap by it, and runs with such impetuous its mad career, enormous rocks and t being hurled along helpless in its i munes of Ste. Marie and St. Denis.
K
 

65
he preceding, has its source surrounded lentiful supply of water, its bed is large, angerous before it was bridged.
res St. Andrè from Ste. Suzâmne, runs "eam to the sea. In the rainy season its more so as its gentle current causes the in they are discharged. It is more easily s in the island.
ng for a considerable distance among the gue from its embouchure falls in casnt it describes a very serpentine course all, which is more than a hundred and very picturesque and romantic appear
generally invisible except from the dry intersect the road in its course, is some| between the plaine des Chicots and the in the mountains, and ultimately dips ence its waters find their way subters from its deep. recesses, which it does. dly fills the various branches supplied impulse as to carry away every thing in he deepest rooted giants of the forest resistible rush. It separates the com

Page 80
6
The river of St. Denis is to the wes mountain which ends in forming Cape of the plaine des Chicots, at a short di Galets. Like the river of the Rains it r high hills. Usually a quiet stream, in extent as occasionally to interrupt the its mouth. . Its course, although serpe empties itself.
There are various other streamlets they are too insignificant for special mame of rivers.
Of the five streams on the leeward insignificant, and the remaining two ol The first, the river des Galets, rise distance from the St. Denis stream, course. It falls into the plain at a rise, roars incessantly. Its bed is then so rapid as to carry along rocks in dangerous to cross.
The river St. Stephen, which separat Pierre, has its source at a great dista mountains bordering the leeward side for six leagues, and receives tiny tril respectable dimensions near its mouth. floods, and then has an impetuous c deflected, for purposes of irrigation, i which an arid and sterile region has be Many of the streams mentioned al. detritas of the basaltic rocks and la causing the floods and torrents which wash away the soil from the mounta junction where the waters of the ocea deposit the fine soil previously held i patches of cultivable soil. The cause: diminished, and are not so frequent as since the clearing of the forests has l the periodical rains.
It would be impossible to describe th intersect the high road. The abundar of the torrents, in which the water onl season; for the rest of the year they scarped sides that render them difficult have been raised to facilitate access to

tward of the town, at the foot of the Bernard. It rises from the lower part stance from the source of the river des uns for some distance by itself between
the rains its bed is filled to such an communication between the banks at intine, is there very rapid, and it soon
in the part of country noticed, but description, and undeserving of the
side of the island, three are small and hly worthy of special mention.
s in the mountains at a very short like which, it is long confined in its noisy cascade, which, when the floods full, its waters raised, and its currents its headlong career, and to become
es the communes of St. Luouis and St. nce from its embouchure, beyond the of Reunion. It runs between them outaries which enlarge its stream to Like the other rivers it rises in the urrent. The mass of its waters are into a pretty and profitable canal, by en rendered fertile and productive. love have alluvial beds formed by the va, partially decomposed. ''he rains break down and pulverize the rocks, ins, and having reached the point of un arrest the progress of the rivers, in suspension-hence the formation of s of their production have gradually they used to be formerly, particularly 2ssened the frequency and amount of
e innumerable ravines, many of which trains formerly excavated those beds y lies during a few days in the winter are dry. Some are very deep, with to scale from below. In most ramps them.

Page 81
The whole island, with the excepti the volcano is encircled by two great facilitate the tramsport of produce ti communications of the country; the girdle, smaller and more tortuous th communicates by paths and cross road
Many of the hills are scarped and 1 ing in some degree the natural leve on a grand scale, in excellent cond carriages; others are mere foot and difficulties of the ground can never b are at present. The engineering dif island were comparatively trifling, and and largest lines of communication. obstacles opposed so formidable a bar impossible to do more than establis) pedestrians. The roads in general arc with much care and skill, and afford e. island.
Nearly the only exception is prol Salazie road; and although even this
 

Of
on of a small inaccessible portion near roads; the one near the sea-board, to o the ports and establish the defensive 2 other higher up, forming a second lan the first, with which it frequently ls. *oads formed along their sides, followels of the ravines. Some of them are lition, and practicable for carts and bridle paths, and from the natural pe rendered more accessible than they ficulties on the windward side of the there are consequently found the best On the leeward aspect, the natural 'rier to road-making that it was found h means of access for horsemen and in excellent preservation, constructed asy access to the different parts of the
bably the most important of all-the presents no real difficulties of any kind,

Page 82
a very little care and expense would is at present. The bridges are mu instances safe and pretty structures the French engineers, and the wi natural obstacles to the freedom different parts of this difficult count
R
fi' 3
All
of resisting the perpetual floods of t suspension principle; and many are different localities in which they occ The great want of the colony is along the whole coast being open ro: at certain seasons unsafe. The road frequented by large merchantmen anchorages for small vessels.
At St. Denis there are a couple of tected on the sea face by an enormo insufficient to establish a constant rough weather. The eminent skill
 

68
render it more easy for invalids than it herous, in some cases solid, and in most creditable alike to the skill and taste of lom of the authorities in overcoming of inter-communication between the y. A few are of solid masonry capable
నే
腺
". th. \"%%%%;
e rainy season; one or two are on the wooden structures well suited for the r. a port, the only places of anchorage l-steads, all more or less exposed, and of St. Denis and St. Paul alone are although there are several eligible
piers, and a small basin for boats, prosly strong stone barrier, yet all this is :ommunication with the shipping in if the French engineers has failed to

Page 83
overcome the natural difficulties of th is destined to remain for ever, seconda ance to her neighbouring and beautifu Like the Mauritius, Reuniofi is dep supplies of cattle and food. Madagasc corn and horses; India, rice and grar minor necessaries and luxuries of li sometimes at so low an ebb, as to . the first effects of a European war starve the colony. The impolicy of b resources for the means of physical exis stranger, and renders it difficult to un by their respective governmaents to rem is sacrificed to Sugar, and the time terrible catastrophe will punish this utmost gain the earth can be made to Of the amount of the exports and mor do I think they would be of mu whom this cursory sketch is intende them, as minutely as modern price cul plish for most British Colonies.
For the same reason I refrain fron connected with the agriculture of the the various economical substances tha staple of its produce. In former ti. pasturages in Bourbon, covered with reared in considerable numbers, and attempted. All this has now disappea of the colony, with the uncertain polit is not likely to be replaced.
Coffee, spices, and cotton, preceded is still cultivated to a small extent. and tasted were excellent in quality and fl almost entirely disappeared.
Rice and corn, once produced in abandoned. Manioc, potatoes, maiz kitchen garden are still seen, and are
Vanilla is only grown in small quan superior quality, and large quantities w The island also produces exeellent ch but failed. Cinnamon also was form The tea plant, introduced in 1819, thr garden, but does not appear to have

9
inaccessible coast, so that Reunio y in commercial and political import
sister. ndent on other countries for the chief ar contributes beef; the Capc, mutton, ; and France, wines and most of the fe. The supply of grain and rice is ead to serious misgivings, and one of would most probably be to ruin and ing so utterly dependent on esoteric tence, as are both islands, strikes every lerstand why some steps are not taken nedy so perilous a state. Every thing will most probably come when some unnatural craving for extracting the yield, for export. imports of Reunion I know nothing lch interest to the class of readers for d, were I able to detail and translate rents and commercial registers accom
recording any of the circumstances
island, and the interesting history of it have at different times formed the mes there were extensive and fertile flocks of sheep. Horned cattle were
the breeding of even horses was *ed, and in the present depressed state ical condition of the mother-country,
he reign of sugar. The first of these some of the samples which I saw and avour. The two latter have, I believe,
tolerable quaritity, have also been
and a few other products of the ill good of their kind. ities, and fetches a high price. It is of ould readily find purchasers in India. ocolate. Indigo was once attempted, rly tried, and shared the same fate. ve well for some years in the botanical extended beyond it. This garden, as

Page 84
7(
mentioned in a former page, is one establishments in the Colony.
In 1839 and the year following, a co of Bourbon to Salazie, to select a sui The chief of this expedition was a M. officer of the Colony at the time. ) obtain a copy of his report, but on m Piddington, after my own notes were pi than the observations I was able to c have cancelled most of them, and will the substance of M. Leissègues remar some of his statements.
In general they coincide with my ow by the subsequent experience of the yea virtues of the waters were first establish That I have in no degree exaggerate valley, a fit abode for Hygeia, the godd the following description of the French
“Salazie forms a great basin, about four Salaze mountains. It is an extremely rugge its surfaces are multiplied, its communications : been so much cleared as considerably to have di exceedingly woody, and watered by a multitu mineral springs, both hot and cold. The temp of France in the month of May. It is a pe be transported with admiration in scaling its abysses, to penetrate into the very interior experience the sweetest emotions in examining with their elegant corollas, simple or multiple by their means identifying from among their si bellish with so much grace and beauty the gre who, unmoved by the divine influences surrour chance which is nothing! No No! At Salazi avow that everything in the universe raises its of gratitude sent up from earth to heaven! sublunary sphere it is at Salazie, a charming they so disposed, its happy denizens could soon of milk and honey. To accomplish this they sow good pasturages, an easy task where mois with its moderate heats, reigns supreme. By herds; and cause gatherings of the busy, bee finest honey in the world, as experience has pr
“Nevertheless, the contemplation of the su of delight it calls into being, is alloyed by. flowers, ravishing to the sight, are little scentec to break the sombre silence of the woods. T sccing, nor the ear filled with hearing.'"

f the most interesting and creditable
mmission was sent by the government able spot for a convalescent hospital. de Leissègues, the principal medical
was unable when at St. Denis to y return was favoured with it by Mr. epared. It is so much more complete ollect during my flying visit, that I here present to my English readers ks, with a rambling commentary on
n views, and their accuracy is attested rs that have elapsed, since the healing.
led and made known. d the physical beauties of this happy ess of Health herself, will appear from
reporter:
leagues in diameter, circumscribed by the d, hilly, uneven country, by which although are rendered difficult. It has now, however, liminished its distance and difficulties. It is de of fresh running streams, as well as some erature of the valley is mild, resembling that rfect paradise for the geologist, who would mountains, or scanning its ravines, genuine of the earth. The young botanist would its endless variety of plants and flowers, pistiles, and more or less numerous staminä, sters, those daughters of the woods who emut herball of nature. Blindindeed must he be lding him, could attribute them to chance: above all, the man of feeling is compelled to voice to the Creator, and composes the hymn Of a surety, if bliss is to be enjoyed in this sountry, a new land of promise, where; were send down to the neighbouring towns rivulets have only to prepare artificial meadows, or to ture is so abundant, and a perpetual spring, this means they could multiply flocks and sufficient to produce a large supply of the oved that they thrive well in this paradise. rrounding beauties with the exquisite sense a feeling that something is wanting. The l, and there is no harmonious concert of birds, e sage has said 'the eye is not satisfied with

Page 85
The comparative absence of the fe both islands, and in singular contrast the woods of India. I do not rememb those inseparable companions of sava; cessible nook of the habitable globe. S. adjoining the coast of Mauritius, and them is the graceful paille en queue semblance of a marling spike for at chatter and hunt in couples amo at home with their sable companion, with a grey capuche, blackbirds whicl varieties of pigeons, with a tame spec seem almost to complete the oritholo
Mischievous monkeys people the are as numerous and formidable as famed in the legends of the Rhine :-
The curse with which St. Patricl these happy regions, and to a sojour -centipedes, and all the creeping horro
The fabled dodo was shrouded in favoured with a sight of the solitary b.
The Madagascar bat, as large as an muzzle, large, bare ears, and hooked believe also in Bourboa... Absurd talqualities, and harpyish propensities E
The coral reefs in the vicinity of th products, and send excellent fish to poisonous, and several not very palat not yet by any means been ransacked which still presents a fine field for ict
In returning to Calcutta, on a fine, great bank known to hydrographers astonished at the multitude and var innumerable inhabitants of the grea nooks and recesses of the rocky botto transparency of the water revealed i sented by the shining pearl and irride
We did not find all the plants so di physician represents. The ferns, co woods' were very much in this respe was perfumed with its most exquisitel
And fresh blown roses

thered tribe is a remarkable feature of ith the teeming, mầuttitudes that enliven to have seen even a crow or a sparrow, e and civilized man in almost every aca birds abound, particularly in the islets are chiefly of the gull tribe. Among or boatswain bird, with its singular il. The common minas of Hindustan ng the sugar canes, appearing quite the Indian coolie. Green parroquets are made game of, and two or three es of sparrowhawk, and the corbigeaux gical catalogue of these ocean gems.’ avines in the Mauritius, and the rats hose who devoured the bold bad Baron but reptiles there are none.
blessed the Emerald Isle extends to ner from the Eastern abodes of snakes, rs of the tropics, it is an untold delight. nythical mystery, and I was not even one by which its earthly career is proved. Indian flying fox, with its black sharp talon, is found in the Mauritius, and I es of its vaừnpire nature, blood-sucking tre told and believed. R * * ve islands are singularly rich in marine the markets, but some of them are table. The treasures - of the deep have. or exhausted in this southern-region, hyophagi and icthyologists. *
smooth, balmy day, we sailed-over the as the * Saya de Malha,” and I was ety of fish, corals, madrepores and the ... ocean that literally swarmed in the m over which we glided. The brilliant ts tenants, tinged with every hue prescent opal. , void of odorous qualities as the French volvuluses and similar sisters of the st as they are elsewhere; but the air y scented Zephyrs wherever −
beds of violets blue rash'd with dew,

Page 86
旁红
diffused their fragrant charms, and was especially the case in the spots, nei
* The blue-eyed violet weer
While the young sun dries
The twining honey-suckle also lent
dew-dabbling blushing morn' on which The absence of the voice of any lute-tongued melody, the silent solitu fitting accompaniment for the tinkling
Stealing soft music on the was certainly painfully felt.
* The Salaziens,’ says M. Leissègue: pitable. Among their good traits ar which their children are brought up, a of these “shepherds of Israel, sést means of saving many lives that would improvised doctor of the period of our the district, who is also proprietor oft some simple, and by no means ineffi cases, in which his efforts are aided of the sanatarium.
If medicine be really, as some have as while nature cures the disease, the flourish, unapproached and unapproach culapius, in the Salazie valley.
All classes and races seem to acqui influence. Here the Creoles lose their valescing from dangerous diseases re even the Negroes acquire a vigour and
The height of the barometer varies the valley, but the thermometer has a The following average of observations, contained in M. Leissègues' paper:
5 o'clock in the morning . .
6 , y,9 P 8 • v « vo e e
7 in the shade ..
8 و و . . . . . . . . .
9 s * * * * ೦ ೩ ೦ ೦ 19 e s a

2
exhaled their aromatic breath. This ther few nor far between, where
s upon some sloping bank
up her tears' its aid to the spicy gales of the *fair
we descended from Salazie. warbler of the woods to break with le of the shady groves, or to form a
murmuring of the babbling rills
that shun the light 2 ear of night,
s, * are robust, hard-working and hose enumerated, the religious care with nd their simple, pastoral habits. One improvisé medicin” and became the
have perished but for his skill. The visit was the Commissary of Police of he pavillions at the springs. He has cacious methods of treating ordinary by the pure air and medicated waters
iserted, the art of amusing the patient, race of Walentine Greatrexes would lable, by the genuine disciples of Es
ire vigour and restoration in its genial effeminate forms, the Europeans con'gain their roses and robustness, and activity unknown to them elsewhere. little during the twenty-four hours in n extended range in the same period. made at different hours of the day, is
Fahrenheit .45° = ج ج - ه - ه -
8 a a 50 s . . . . . . . . 53
e o « ' s 57 . . . . . . . . . 6l " وؤ 8 b 66
di 8 e e 73 s
. . . . . . . . 77 -

Page 87
, in the afternoon . 2 , 8 e o a
3 se y 9 o un e o e o 0.
4. s 9 8 s a 0 o e. g. 5ー量 。 is . . . . . . . 5十墨, o u o o is a 6 99 a 9 so e o 7 9 e o a u a 8 yy ۴ ه ه ه ۰ و و ،
9 , . . . . . . The most striking difference, howe in the sun and in the shade at the sa many as nearly 50 degrees of Fahrenl The moment the sun dips behind shaped portion of the valley at the so diminution of heat; and the same, i a quarter past seven, a few moments breeze.
There is generally a haze hanging times amounting to very fine rain. mists that pour down and shroud the in a few moments. Towards the lowe of very fine, rapidly soaking, yet scar dew than the outpouring of the moist As we found on approaching the isl are scarcely ever visible after sunrise. by the rays of the great luminary as they are usually concealed in a cap vapours of the valley, as the upper st increasing heat.
The supply of the mineral water fr haustible; it was estimated when we an hour, from the small openings thrc The following analysis of the wat a distinguished chemist residing at that published in the official report the several analyses performed by Toulorge.
The quantity examined was a Fre pint.
* These numbers are not absolutely exact, but tioned.
lu

. . . . . . . . , 79 s . . . . . . . . 77 . . . . . . . . . 74
le • t • t • a eile • t • 72 罗罗 8 82 se a . . . . 67 s . . . . . . . . . 60 sy . . . . . . . . . 57 s . . . . . . . . . 55 s . . . . 52 y
50 *
ver, is noted between the temperature me hour-a difference amounting to as heit.
the lofty hills surrounding the funnelurce, there is an immediate and rapid in a minor degree, is perceived at about after the rise of the south-west land
over the valley in the evening, someIt is not so dense as the white fleecy Kandian walleys in an impenetrable veidr part of the Salazie it falls in the form 2ely perceptible rain, more like a heavy ure of the clouds. and, the crests of the highest mountains They are best seen when first lit up he rises to the horizon: during the day of mist, caused by the rising of the rata of the air become rarified by the
om the spring seems to be nearly inexwere there, at about a thousand pints ough which it was conducted.
ers was given to me by M. Marcadieu, St. Denis. . It corresponds exactly with , and appears to have been the mean of Messieurs Marcadieu, Le Pivain, and
2nch litre, rather more than an English
t sufficiently so to note the extreme differences men

Page 88
7.
Carbonic Acid Gas, . . . . . . . . . Fixed matter, . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The fixed ingredients were:
Carbonate of Soda,.... . . . . Carbonate of Magnesia,..... Carbonate of Lime,. . . . . . . . . Carbonate of Iron, . . . . . . . . . Chloride of Sodium, ....... Sulphate of Soda, . . . . . . . . . Silica, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vegetable extraction matter,
Loss in analysis, ... . . . . . . . .
It is evident from this - examinatio. as my limited means permitted, that tion as a bi-carbonate, and that all t tion by an excess of carbonic acid.
It has also been shewn by analysis perature of the waters, and the propo them, diminish proportionally from t rain water.
The deposit which is almost immed the excess of carbonie acid, consists ch smalliquantities of the carbonates of li The mean temperature of the Salazie of Centigrade, or from 77 to 82.4° of J The waters of Cilaces which are situa higher than those of Salazie, are richel of the same mineral ingredients, and a baths formed extemporaneously by ex face of the ground, about 102° of Fahr stant result.
The Salazie waters are very nearly the celebrated springs of Vichy in Fr ages, and are much resorted to by dys parts of Europe.
The diseases for which the French re be curative and proper, are, chronic e

1.350 n, which I repeated and verified as far he carbonate of soda exists in soluneother carbonates are held in solu
that during the rainy season the temrtion of solid ingredients contained in he infiltration and admixture of the
iately precipitated upon the escape of iefly of carbonate of iron, with very me and magnesia, and a little silica. waters ranges from 25 to 28 degrees Fahrenheit. ted at a level of eight hundred feet in the proportion contained in them ce of higher temperature, being in the avating a suitable hollow in the surenheit. This was found to be a con
identical in composition with those of ance, which have been renowned for peptics and invalids generally from all
porters consider the Salazie waters to largements of the liver and spleen

Page 89
biliary concretions, various renal an dependent ơn derạngement of dige; norrhoea, habitual vomiting, intermitt those complicated with abdominal of be efficacious in certain affections of th resulting from long-disuse of a limb, a
As I have no intention of writing have nothing new, to advance upon th or of the effects of climate in the remo of the abovementioned-topies-in this p The greatest care and discriminatio taria, and particularly in the cases whi ment. In these important -matters · valid to be guided by thể opinion of hi to his own judgment and fancies, whic The climate of Bourbon is admir those who have suffered from the el In addition to a sea voyage of mode. the trade-withds, it presents a conside of St. Denis on the sea-coast, to Cilaos The fine season ccmmerces in Ma Qutlasts the unhealthy and trying seasc leaving late in February or in March, of storms or hurricanes, and reach Bot ther. The distances in the island are easily accessible without much fatigue the compass of most Indian officers, a and eligible refuge. When to these value. of its mineral waters: for those c. they are known to be efficacious, I a spects it will be found a more eligibl view, than even England itself.
The condition which is most like climate of Bourbon generally, and m particular, is the state of pallor, langu that is the most frequent condition India, or suffered from its severest ma The sallow, exsanguine countenan ness, torpor,despondency, irritability, ance of official duties requiring men imperfection of digestion and its train rence of severe neüralgic Pains in var cases, are all removed, and the functio

5
it vesical affections, particularly those tion, nephritic colic, chlorosis, ameent and remittent feyers--especially structions. They are also supposed to e-joints, in the stiffness and immobility nd in certain cases of partial palsy. a professional treatise, and moreover Le subject of the use of mineral waters, oval of disease, I do not dilate upon any lace.
are necessary in the selection of sani ch are sent to them for cureor amendstrongly recommend every Indiaq.inS professional advisers, and not to trust sh are most likely to mislead him. bly adapted fog restoring the health of idemic and epidemic diseases of India. rate duration in the delightiul track of rable variety of climate, from the leve
and Salazie in the mountains, y, or about the latter end of April, and ms in Bengal. The traveller from India would most probably avoid the chances (rbon at the beginning of the cool weashort, the places of resort for invalids or. exposure, the cost of living within ad in all respects it is a most desirable advantages is added the inestimable ases in the cure and removal of which m strongly persuaded that in many re2. resort, in a mere sanitary point of
ly, to be benefited by the sea voyage, ineral springs of Salazie and Cilaos in or, arid prostration of mind and body, pf'Europeans who have resided longin ladies. ce; dull, pearly lifeless eye; listlessand-utter incapacity for the performtal energy and application, with the of attendant ills, down to the occurious parts of the body, found in these Iris restored to a state of healthy, vigo

Page 90
routs action, unkaown to the 'lean a out a fair, rosy, laughing cadet, or Fort William.
It is still more directly and cert maladies to which ladies are liable, an
female complaints.
The life of inactivity, seclusion, a fair sex are doomed in India, rapidl leaves theni pale; and etiolated as a flo It is scarcely possible to imagine an health than those of the wives an sojourners, in this land of the sun 'T before his scorchinig rays drive all
raock his majesty,’ to seek the prote few. The majority seldom stir abroad: most enevating inactive occupations the gentle movement of a carriage devoted to a hot, heavy, unwholesome Yikely to die of ėnnui than from rei waltzes are performed with the thermo whole operation being not an unaptre bath.
And yet it is expected that such an of rature, and violation of her mos should be consistent with a state of he In short, the illa which are susoeptib cured by the course I recommend, are, nature, the most common sequels of occurring in India, where the import not spoiled by irreparable changes in of cholera, liver disease, prolonged flux called cachexia' by the faculty. It for confirmed pulmonary affections, a nant diseases, pr in the wasting of adv

Kd slippered pantaloon,” sihice he came a roistering inmate of the College of
inly favourable in the whole-host of di which-may properly be denominated
ld atter ennui to which most of the y converts their rôses into hilies, and werdeprived oflight.
y habits more ceřtainly destructive qif grown up, daughters of European hose who rise early, and ride or walk who are not compelled to brave and tion of the shade, are comparatively until the evening; pass the day in the , and the whole exercise they take is in the daily drive. The evening is dinner, at which the guests are more letion, and occasionaliy polkas. and meter at 90° F. under the punkah; the presentation of a dance in a vapour
utter disregardf of the simplest dictates * evident and intelligible operations alth. le of being permanently anû radically allinoipient diseases of a functional every variety of fever commoa to or unt and vital organs of the body are their structure; the ordinary results és, rheumatic affections, and the state does not appear to be so well adapted ind is necessarily of no use in maliginced years.
۔۔۔حجحصہ جیسی ہیں یہ سبحصہ

Page 91
TE M.
MY original design has been acco rough and imperfect sketch of TBourbc readers, that the greatest of all eart reach of those who have been so unfo. vasion of any of the plagues and pest
The sister-island of Mauritius is so scribed, that I should have hesitated not that the approaching establishme with India om the one hand, and the ( it with a peculiar interest at the prese
When brought within a few days prosperous possession will, I feel col many who require a change of air and amount of time or money to the rel spirits. It possesses many advantag respects, superior to the interior of Ce: of the Cape, in addition to being littl the same reasons is preferable to the when bound to India by the steam habitable globe, will probably be pr pure Anglo-Saxon type.
M.
 

AURUS
mplished, and I trust I have, in my in, succeeded in convincing my Indian hly blessings, health, is within the easy rtunate as to part with'it from the in
tilences of this land of malaria. well known, and has been so often deto record my impressions of it, were it nt of steam communication, uniting it 2ape of Good Hope on the other, invests nt time.
sail of Hindustan, this beautiful and
nvinced, become the frequent resort of scene, and are unable to devote a large newal of their faded energies and jaded ges over our hill sanitaria; is, in some ylon; is, in all points of view in advance e more than half the distance; and for Australian Colonies, although the latter, chain that is now encircling the whole eferred by those whose tastes are of the

Page 92
After several days of anticipation a from Nuwera Elia, on the list of M small schooner staggering along unde ing to make the harbour of Galle bef and most picturesque of the green hill cial port of Ceylon, she seemed a tin as Cooper delighted to paint, and buc was the mail schooner from Port Loui cating with the Mauritius during th little more than a hundred tons, and towering spars, and wild-looking cre half the maritime nations of Europe, AEthiopian pattern, would have rendę piratical cruising grounds.
She remained four days at Galle, wi day the 5th of March, glided slowly a under charge of a consequential digt pompous address.
Thé blue hills of Ceylon, picturesqu faded from our sight in the course after an interval often years, sailing ti I had never before been cooped upi that those whose maritime experience little idea of the grandeur and ceaseles was barely a ripple on the face of the sails fell dull and dreary on the ear, th the calm sea to an extent that often th the dark abyss around her. With : was steady and quiet, and cut her way cheery sound, and a wake nearly as str But, at all other times, she pitched : like a troubled spirit, without a mom burning sum of the equatorial latitudes nights.
To add to the delights of the passag quitoes from Galle, who refused to be devices industriously applied to drive manity. The vessel leaked and was night, until the clanking of the chain: steady deck, and an occasional drench midst of a troubled dream, filled them pled the dark, hot, ill-ventilated air of sters of the fabled cayerns of the deep,

8
ld delay, following a hurried descent arch l85l, I descried in the distance a r a pigmy pyramid of canvas, attemptre sunset. As seen from the highest sin the neighbourhood of the commery, rakish, skimmer of the seas, such aneers were wont to patronize. This s, the only direct means of communie hurricane season. Her burthen was her short flush deck, high bulwarks, w, composed of representatives from rith a sable cook of the most approved ed one suspicious of her character on
nd bound, and at daylight of Wednesind quietly out of the old Dutch port, ified Pilot, of tawny complexion and
e and occasionally fantastical in form, of a few hours, and I was once again, owards the Southern Hemisphere. in so small a craft, and soon discovered is confined to floating castles, can form is roll of the great ocean. When there vaters, and the heavy flapping of the e schooner rolled on, the long swell of reatened to cast her tall masts into moderate breeze on the quarter, she through the blue sea with a pleasant, aight and foaming as that of a steamer. and tossed, and groaned, and creaked, ent's rest. This I endured, under the , for the space of twenty-one days and
2, we had carried a full cargo of mosislodged by all the smoking and other away those untiring plagues of hupumped out every two hours, day and , the swash of the water upon the uning as if from a water-spout, in the ind withimages of shipwreck, and peothe cabin, with all the hideous mon

Page 93
Phe prudent rats and sagacious coc lon, unwilling to trust themselves in pined and died; the fowls grew thi prolonged meditation on a single leg; sumed their own fat; and on the solitary pig broke like an unearthly s as if the disembodied spirit of an evil The constant succession of squalls blast, when the sails did sigh like s. the black clouds that deluged us as i crag, would have cured the veriest E intimate acquaintance with the myste mity of the zone of the periodic rains, The only passengers, besides mysel to gasconade and cock-fighting, an merchant, a deck passenger, who bore against the discomforts of our chequ sures were contained in a large teak voluntarily for a moment. Many tim heavy seas shipped over the bows, bu again, with his eyes intently fixed ( was in truth the Mecca- of his maritim On its lid he washed, dressed, eat, passable devotion. His stock of pro large basket of dried cakes, with a sm within arm's reach of his citadel. His were stowed away in one of the qual maonkeys, the Creole boy, and a youn, as his quadrumanous companions. T ment drew Mustapha from his lair, t The glare of his dark eyes, and the sa he watched the gradual disappearance passions of an Arab nature, but were storm. At times he looked the ver himself. He came on board as sleek sary, but left us as thia, grizzled, and sleepless Bedouin of the Desert.
At length, on the 26th of March, w destination, we found ourselves on the controllable gusts of the roaring wir of the distant horizon to windward, th at one moment raised us to the brin hurled us into the dark abyss of an ov м 2

79.
k-roaches had evidently landed in Ceyso frail a tenement. The two monkeys a, melancholy, stony-eyed, and given to the ducks declined to quack and connineteenth day the last squeak of our hriek on the still ear of the dark night, frame had quitted the abode of death.
and calms, the loud roar of the fitful edges,' and the drenching down-pour of f with waters shot from some high Robinson Crusoe of all desire of a more ries of a sea-life, at the southern extre
during the hurricane months. f, were a young French Creole, given l a grave, taciturn, middle-aged Arab : up with the most exemplary patience ered voyage. His whole worldly treawood chest which he never abandoned es and oft was he washed away by the t in a moment he had scrambled back on the object of his solicitude, which he existence. drank, prayed, and slept with unsurvisions consisted of a bag of rice, and a all store of spices and condiments, all plantains, pumplenoses, and cocoanuts ter boats, and soon devoured by the g sea-impyclept Bob, as full of tricks his constant larceny never for a moto which he seemed magnetically fixed. vage scowl upon his swarthy brow, as of his delicacies, embodied all the evil like the angry menace of a distant y incarnation of the ancient mariner and portly as a proud, well-fed Janiscare-worn as a half-starved, hunted,
hen within three hundred miles of our : outer edge of a Cyclone. The unld, the dark, inky, murky, leaden loom e magnitude of the rolling waves that k of a frowning precipice, and the next ershadowed valley, where all was still

Page 94
8.
and gloomy, and the angry strife of were sublime and grand to witness. I never witnessed such a sea as this. never fade from my memory, as I rece which its awful features were stamped splendid passage in the Ancient Marir
“And now the storm-b Was-tyrannous and st He struck with his o'e And chased us South a
“With sloping masts, As who pursued with Still treads the shadow And forward bends his The ship drove fast, lo And Southward aye w
On on we sped until at noon a faint, horizon, the first welcome sight of lan until about four in the afternoon we island, so called because a snake has small, barren rock shaped like the ca. covered with seabirds, who shrieked, all their graceful movements. The l over the scarcely sunken reef, or thur rock, and falling back in a vast cascad of the setting sun, were singularly bra waters on which the eye had rested, w Shortly after dusk, we sailed throug the Gunner's Coign, and suddenly fo water under the lee of the mainland. as we gently stole along the coast, in sheltered from the boisterous influenc and peace, and many past scenes, imp musing on the deck the whole of the
At day-break we were off the harb fying and as soon as it was suffici marking the entrance through whic proached. A steamer soon put of tc hpist a yellow flag, in proof of our billo of cases of small-pox had occurred in cient to render us objects of suspicion Port Surgeon, a sensible, well-inform he at once allowed us 'pratigue, or c

the elements shut out in an instant had been in storms before, but had It was a sight worth seeing and can
ll the deep and intense interest with
upon my mind. It fully realized the
er :
last came, and he 'ong : rtaking winds, long." and dipping prow, rell and blow
of his foe,
head, ud roard the blast e fled.'
bluish, dwarfed mound was seen on the l. It gradually became more distinct, passed within half a mile of Serpent never been seen upon it, and another capax of a tortoise, perfectly bare, and and sailed, and skimmed around us in arge waves breaking in spotless foam dering up the steep side of the abrupt le of spray reflecting the rainbow tints utiful, after, the wide waste of heaving ith wearied gaze, for so many days. h the shadow of the frowning bluff of und ourselves gliding along in smooth The change was almost painful, and, haling the balmy breath of the earth, e of the open ocean, thoughts of home, erceptibly stole over me, and kept menight. our of Port Louis, with all our signals ently light stood in to the bell buoy h, alone the reef-girt port can be aptow us in, and a pilot compelled us to f health being unsatisfactory. A couple. he gravets of Galle, and this was suffi... I soon explained the matter to the 'd member of my own profession, and immunication with the shore,

Page 95
I have once before remarked upon quarantine laws are enforced in the M which the Creoles regard the approac a community small-pox ought to be e is in the magnificent island of Java, late Dutch Governor caused the vacci all fear of this great curse has ceased. The only sensible and efficient pr tagious fevers, few in number and dim are drainage, ventilation, and cleanlin lected in the habitations and persons island: the first has not met with the The domestic arrangements of mos in Port Louis, in some essential parti disgusting, and such as cannot fail, epidemic, to decimate the population pointed since I left the island, look from long familiarity with the causes pent up plague will be generated wit tine, and the citadel surrender witho rising in the very centre of its own st In no place that I have ever visit state of health be so surely and certail ply of water, with fall enough to swee
and purifying influence, to the clear, b
parent as it is wholesome and invigor: Of the moral effects of sanitary legi said in contrasting the social influc measures, with the ancient attempts t progress by isolation, that “the form sympathetic elements of the human he remorseless,” and it might, with equ unphilosophical, and absurd.
The admirable paper of Dr. Bowri
in 1838, contains remarks applicabl
useless misery they inflict upon all th the world. The result of considerab utility, induced him. to record the fi recommend to the earnest consider Maurice.” ۔۔۔۔
“The pecuniary cost,’ he says, “m sterling in delays, demurrage; loss of increased expenses, fluctuation of ma.

he monstrous absurdity with which the auritius, and the ridiculous dread with of contagious disease. In so limited adicated, or rendered as harmless as it where the energy and wisdom of the lation of the entire population, whenoe
2ventives against cholera, and the coninished in influence in tropical latitudes, ss. The two latter are grievously negof the labouring classes throughout the attention it deserves and requires. ; houses, from the highest to the lowest, ulars not necessary to detail here, are upon the supervention of any future . Unless the Health Committee, apwell to these matters, I am convinced, and consequences of disease, that the in the barriers of the foolish quaranut a struggle, surprized by an enemy. 'ong-hold. - 2d can all the essentials of the highest nly commanded, from an unlimited supp away everything before its cleansing right, untainted air of heaven, as transting to breathe. slation, it has been truly and elegantly nce of preventive and precautiomary ) flee from pestilence, or to impede its r brings out all the kindly, generous, art-the latter all that is selfish, hard, al point have been added, “unsound,
ng read before the British Association to quarantinè regulations and the eir unhappy victims, in every part of le experience regarding their utter. inllowing sentiments, which I strongly tion of the contagionists of labelle
ay be estimated by millions of pounds interest, deterioration of merchandize, kets, and other calamitous elements; . . .

Page 96
8
but the sacrifice of happiness, the wear the sufferings inflicted by quarantine le tion-they exceed all measure. Not) danger the most alarming, nothing b for the public health, could warrant t experience is not only that they are accomplish, but that they are absolutel evils against which they are designed to it is their avowed object to modify or t This is now the well-established view capable of forming or entitled to expre: The great main drains, of Port Louis, running behind the barracks, and pern - of thê town, are a source of far greate than would result from the arrival o with cholera and small-pox, for these propagation, which they are capable of While I was at Port Louis a low ty carried off a large number of the pool Louis and at St. Denis a variety of abs desire to attribute it to a foreign so for the real solution of the mystery. I the Chinese fever, and several similal origin. It ought to have been called tilated cabins, and ill-drained localities whatever may have been its immediate harmless over the place, if the procli ready formed, to welcome its arrival.
I heard an amiable old French lady, the diseases of the island to the adven a belief that some devastating epidemic health deteriorated from the good ol antiquity, and the Mauritius was the al This seemed a pretty general opinion versed. W -
The remedy is in their own hands. ( grog shops, and the island may safely human miseries, as well as throw op . seasons to the stranger, without let, hil
The first view of Port Louis, with under which it is concealed, is singular me with a sense of the beauty of this ch strengthened by a longer acquaintance

2
iness, the wasted time, the artnoyance, gislation-these admit of no calculaning but their being a security against ut théir being undoubted protection heir infliction; and the result of my useless for the ends they profess to y pernicious; that they increase the 5 guard, and add to the miseries which o overcome.’ . . of every man of eminence and ability, ss an opinion on the subject.
bordering on the Company's garden, leating the purdieus of all that part }r mortality and permanent mischief, f a whole fleet of eoolie ships laden are the only diseases susceptible of carrying. − pe of typhoid fever was raging, which rer classes. It had received at Port surd names, all indicative of a blind urce, instead of looking nearer home it was denominated the Bombay fever,
• soubriquets referring to its supposed the fever of the filthy habits, unvenof the lower orders of the town; for : exciting cause, it would have passed vity to such diseases had not existed,
herself a valetudinarian, attribute all t of Indian coolies, and she expressed : was at hand, so much had the public l times, when every one died of sheer bode of happiness, slavery, and health. among the Creoles with whom I con
Cleanse, ventilate, drain, and close the defy the whole of Pandora's box of 2n her ports at all times and at all hdrance, or enquiry. | | the quaint circle of grotesque hills ly pleasing and pretty, and impressed arming island, that improved and was with its varied features of excellehce.

Page 97
To describe it is not an easy task. conveys a tolerably correct idea of is on too small a scale to convey any ma that, greets the eye in every direct We anchored close to the Custom F orthodox boat, and followed our bags the Hotel d'Europe, traversing the ment House and Post. Office, and real Theatre, next door to the Great Jail.
The hotel is tolèrably large, and ha sleeping apartments are small, ill-ven
the ranges, thin panel partitions.
I had scarcely set foot on shore whi most extravagant places in the wo stranger is performed to perfection attached to the simplest offices, wi first day's experience was purchase pocket. The transport of myself a shillings-a drive of an hour and a ha 'mundifying my muzzle' by the polite my. hair, the same amount. The blac artiste in his way, would have done th The shops are good and well supp the European plan, but the price extravagant.
Port Louis, or Saint Louis as the west side of the island, and occupiest surrounded by lofty basaltic hills, Pieter Botte. These mountains are. bare, and, with the exception of the the summit of the Pouce a magnifi both the lee and weather sides of t forts is obtained, with a boundless ex extreme transparency of the atmospl charming and picturesque that can pc The quays on which the stranger for the traffic of this busy port. house, marine offices, and large s. to the right are merchants offices, an planted with trees on either side, w tween grass plats. The whole is t flanked by the public offices. The rooms, commissariat offices, and me

83
The first illustration of this brochure its aspect from the inher harbour, but real estimate of the picturesque panoration.
Iouse, were conveyed to the shore in an gage, carried by half-naked negroes, to Place d'Armes, passing by the Governching our destination a little beyond the
s one or two fine public rooms, but the tilated, and very close, with, in some of
2n I found out that I was in one of the rld, where the practice of skinning a , and the most preposterous value is th a refreshing amount effrontery. My d at a ruinous rate for a subaltern's nd baggage to the hotel cost me ten lf, in a hackney carriage, nine shillings; st of Figaro's, two shillings, and cutting k cook on board the schooner, a finished he whole quite as well for six pence.
lied; the arrangements are entirely on of almost every thing is ridiculously
town is called, is situated on the northhe greater part of an extensive valley he chief of which are the Pouce and at present for the most part perfectly head of Pieter, easily accessible. From cent view of the different districts of he island, as well as of the town and . panse of blue sea surrounding it. The nere renders the sight one of the most ossibly be imagined. ܫ
lands, are extensive, and well adapted On the left hand are the custom heds for the sale of merchandize ;- d in front is the pretty place d’armes, ith a broad carriage way running, beerminated by the Government House, main guard, public library, commercial ccantile houses occupy the sides of the

Page 98
84
Place. At its end and near the vice. carriages, well appointed and in some c a penchant for ultra marine and vivid c to a community possessing comparat charge of hire is so unnecessarily high
The Government House is one of the in the place. It forms three sides o
courtyard, lined with verandahs on e. although some of the rooms are large whole little better than a three-storied small garden in front is a flag-staff, to colours the presence of the Queen's rep by the disappearance of the flag. The private secretary and one aide-de-camp attached to the office of ruler of the col
The government offices are located i less commodious and cheerful in their Calcutta, or those of many merchants small, but much neater structure, placed and apparently well adapted for its purp
 

regal residence is a stand of hackney :ases even elegant, but with too great olors. They are of great convenience ively few private equipages, but the as to limit their use.
2 most unsightly, inelegant structures f a square in front, enclosing a paved
- é三茎
T agara Se 己感嫩蜴娜 4. 期
స్టాక్స్టి
SiS gg
ach floor. It has a pent roof, and and well furnished, it is upon the barn. In the left hand corner of a notify by the hoisting of the national resentative, or to indicate his absence 2 staff of His Excellency consists of a ;--there is little of pomp or parade жу. in mean, shabby-looking out-houses, interior, than the opium godowns of in this city. The post-office is a near the port, adjoining the treasury, Ose, ܝ

Page 99
The best thing in the town for which is divided into separate.com iron railing. It is clean, well sup a most creditable institution. It w contrast than exists between it, and t of the so-called city of palaces.
The fountains in the town are cons and apparently well supplied with head of the basin bordered by a portic - water to the shipping; it is well c.
inexhaustible. ۔۔ـ۔
The streets are straight, and run generality of them have commodiou to protect the passengers from the dr In some of the streets the houses h yards in front, in most instances plat many of them from India. They give ter to the town.
The interior of the houses is very residences of a similar class in St. Del is a greater display of luxury and we India they would be considered small, there in the hot season; but for the g adapted to the climate, and sufficie utility. Almost all the recent buildin not without pretensions to architectur The Champ de Mars at the upper e situated in luxuriant gardens, indicati occupants. The Major General com of them.
The native part of the town has a sir when the detached cabins are seen shaped children's toys. They rua foi hill, are built of wood, and are not ver tropical countries.
The flöors of the-houses of the hig and polished as in Paris. The gro marble, and the walls are ornamented pieces, and similar devices on coarse p. houses, the papering is chaste, taste pattern. The naked white-washed wa of Indian houses are not seen.
The members and higher functionar
N

85.
ts. peculiar object is the market-place, partments and surrounded by a light lied with water, and forms altogether ould be difficult to imagine a greater he dirty, crowded, ill-ventilated bazaars
antly playing, and are cool, refreshting, clean, pure, sparkling water. At the n of the quay is one for the supply of onstructed, easy of access, and seems
for the most part at right angles, the s footpaths with a raised curb-stone ains and the carriages in the road way. ave 'small, but neat and pretty courtted with trees and flowering shrubs, a picturesque and rus-in-urbe charac
much the same in character as that of his, but the rooms are larger, and there alth in furniture and ornaments. In close, and confined, as they are indeed reater part of the year, they are well 2ntly great for all real-purposes of gs are of stone, and some seemed to be all taste, and even elegance of design. 2nd of the town is bordered by houses, ve of the comfort and wealth of their manding the forces lives in the best
gular appearance on entering the port, looking in the distance being like illsome little distance up the side of the y much in advance of the mud huts of
her classes are usually of wood, waxed und floor of the hotels is laid with with gaudy coloured landscapes, battle aper. In the better order of private. sful, and of every possible variety of ills, and unsightly beams and burgers
ies;of the Gosejinancises well as most

Page 100
8
of the merchants, live in the eountry, ing. Some of the rural residences y and Moka districts were- perfect typ envied by those condemned to the dwellings of Mofussil stations in Beng. beautifully situated, in elegant, orna prospects, and contain all that can mi nishment and exile cease to deserve the Mauritius, of those whose means a such abódes.
The ordinary-arrangement of the ho ing room, and the sleeping apartmen dwelling-with a detached pavilion for rõunas. Some are snug little cottages with every comfort, and even luxury t The churches of Port Louis are plai ful than ornamental. Some of the lit without the smallest pretensions to a design, and in some instances are q most thorough going disciples of Joh could not more effectually have ban caloulated to captivate the senses, tha Moka ánd Plains Wilhelms.
The former is placed in a comman and an eye-sore to the charming prosp is of little real importance compared v of religion and her ministers, and in th Mauritius deserves a much higher d to her.
The French retain their peculiar ha world; but it is quite a mistake to it was represented to be in former co-existed liberty has produced her was unknown, and I believe the result improving the morals, and correctingst There, as elsewhere in the present have been most active in extending an faith. Their success appears to hav portion of the community, for the fast ments, during the season of Lent we greater portion of my stay; Port Louis guered eity, clothed in sackcloth and tolerably well-filled theatre, I could no

6
driving in to their offices every mornvhich I visited in the Plains Wilhelms eş of all that is desirable and to be unsightly bungalows and comfortless l and the Upper Provinces. They are mental gardens, command enchanting nister to the creature comforts. Batheir names when applied to the life in re' adequate to enable them to live in
uses consisted of a drawing room, dimts varied according to the size of the visitors, containing one or more bed, others on a large scale and furnished hat can render them desirable. in, unpretending structures, more usetle chapelsdotted about the island are mything like an approach to beauty of uaint, and even positively ugly. The in Knox and the ancient Cameronians ished all pertaining to ornament, or n have the architects of the chapels at
s
ling position, is conspicuous from afar, rect around it. - The exterior, however, with the influence upon the community his respect, I am bound to say, that the egree of credit than is usually allotted
bits and sentiments in all parts of the imagine Port Luouis the modern Capua , years. Slavery and vice have always chastening influence where once. she to have been one of unmixed good in she manners of the colony.
day, the clergy of the church of Rome ld consolidating the influence of their e been great, particularly with the fair sand abstinence from worldly amusere so rigidly observed, that during the was as solemn and serious as a beleaushes. On three several occasions iñ a it count more than half a dozen ladies,

Page 101
and there was not a single ball, c break the dull monotony of existe not arrived, yet there-was an unnatu place, altogether antagonistic to the pensities of the Creole race.
The Queen's birth-day ball give of the breaking up of the ice of r in movement, the current of gaiety i in Reunion the Creoles are passio) and most of the Pauls and Virgin and starve themselves for nine-month of the year in all the glory of the gorgeous and glaring colours seemed subdued hues of the chromatic scale. The coolies keep up few of their q. characteristics of caste which they scene of riot and revelry called Yams for eleven days. From the descrip a mixture of the Mohurrua and Ran a great Indian fair.
The fete de Dieu and races I did I diminished in interest aid importa ruined the principal merchants and race course and review ground are ol the upper end of the town immediate sides of which it gradually slopes. promenade of the present generation race of buccaneers and ruffians of wł The Theatre is a neat, commodiou large audience. There was a very fa time of my visit, but they were not large. The theatre has usually bee gallic feelings of the French and E. found vent. Several such demonst want of sense and dignity on the occurred shortly before my arrival, pretensions of young Mauritius we pensity all over the world on the pa a distinet individuality, which may delusions of the age we live in. It of the Indian ocean, in the form of a the gamin de Paris.’ The questic gave an eclat to the matter, of which
N -2

87 oncert, or other species of pastime to ce. The season of gaiety certainly had
'ally sober Saxon seriousness about the lively, mercurial, laughter-loving pro
at the Vice-regal palace is the signal 2serve and restraint, and when once set s said to be rapid and incessant. As Lately addicted to dancing and display, ias of the island are, reported to pinch ls, to launch out during the remainder
brightest prismatic tints, for the most to be preferred to the sadder and more
wn festivals and indeed lose much of the carry with them. They have one grand ey, which occurs once a year and lasts ;ion I heard of it, I conjectured it to be n Lela, with all the accompaniments of
not see. The latter have considerably nce sinée the great commercial crisis landed proprietors of the colony. The n the Champ de Mars, a bare space at ly below the base of the hills, to the It is a charming spot, the fashionable , and was the duelling ground of the old lich the island was once the stronghold. s building, capable of holding a tolerably ir provincial company acting during the much patronized by the community at in the arena where the Gallic and Antinglish sections of the community, have rations are recorded, and exhibit a sad part of the performers. One scene in which the absurd gasconading and re well shewn. . There is a general prort of the rising generation to assume fairly be classed among the popular has penetrated to this little Peddlington bad imitation of Young England and nable interference of military authority it was quite undeserving. The Saxon

Page 102
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method of dealing with bravado and all such unseemly and offensive display and good feeling of a community now and interest, should set the seal of dis strict path of courtesy and mutual con Đeer hunting and coursing, both om indulged in, but neither are very ex the venery' of India. The absence of and spiritless pastime.
Port Louis possesses two reading roc to strangers on liberal terms. The chi teresting collection of French and Eng residents of the place, and is a well ma There are likewise two excellent in history in the college, the other the The former is under the charge of M and is worthy of his great and widel cularly rich in the corals, mandrep neighbouring reefs, and contains so. Madagascar, the Lemurs of which a and interesting zoological relations. in character, and is a monument of scientifie pursuits. It contains an good pictures and articles of virtti, wit! stock the cabinet of half a dozen astro ideal and type of a race now nearly as recently devoted himself with all the investigation of mesmeric phenomena, of observations on the, subject. Som were sufficiently startling, although r investigations were free from numerou own entire good faith and scrupulous I assisted at a magnetic séance in female in a state of clairvoyance presci not present, and gave a graphic diagn who came to apply for her counsel. ' impressive. The clairvoyante was seat magnetizer, and professed to be uncon. At a small table on her right hand side that occurred. The friends of the sic on her left hand. I was so placed a without taking part in the proceedin the clairvoyante were similar to thc

bluster would soon have put a stop to s of nationality; and the good sense bound together by many ties of union approval upon all departure from the ideration.
foot, are among the field sports still iting or entitled to be classed with game renders shooting also a tame
pms and libraries, which are aecessible ef library is well stocked with an inlish works, is much frequented by the naged institutioni. huseums in the town; one of natural property of M. Liénard, the elder. ons. Bojer, the well known botanist, y established i reputation. It is parti." ores, and marine productions of the me rare specimens of zoology from 'e celebrated for their beautiful furs Mons. Liénard’s is more heterogeneous his taste, liberality and enthusiasm in extensive collection of fishes, a few h numberless curiosities, sufficient to logers of Qld. He is himself the beau extinct. as the Dodo itself. He has ardour of an enthusiastic nature to the and has accumulated a large number he of those which he mentioned to me lot such as to convince me that his s and serious sources of fallacy. His accuracy, it were impossible to doubt. his house, when a middle-aged Creole ibed for various sick people who were losis of their complaints, to the friends The whole proceeding was singtular and ed in a chair, under the influence of the scious of the presence of those around. sat a secretary to note and record all k were introduced silently, and seated s to be able to observe all that passed, gs. The manipulations for entrancing )se frequently exhibited in Calcutta

Page 103
and elsewhere. When she was broug cants began by stating their names an clairvoyante was directed to transpo to maention all she saw, which she di racy. She then described the pati treatment and regimen to be observ who alone was in rapport with her, a When each case was completed, the a stool near the clairvoyante, and d - reliance.
In one or two. instances the sex mistaken, and in the only extraneo namely to transport herself to Calc person and place with whom I was a proceeding would not bear analysis lation of a century of observations establish the truth of the doctrines of a most praiseworthy one, and the cannot fail to produce respect, even conviction.
Im addition to the museums abov rich and beautiful collections of land gentlemen in the island.
The community is certainly intelle exist for the cultivation of art and scic development of the resources of the ci sion has recently been established, wh effect a large amount of good.
The Governor and the principal r all these institutions, some by takin all by the influence of their countena To most of the institutions refer gain access, and turn the leisure of th climate, to profitable account.
Port Louis eontains in addition, a lity, judicial, ecclesiastical, scholastic with a chamber of commerce, an imm fact all the means and appliances of by the most modern standard of socie particularly interesting to travellers, ance to the community for whose beh The present municipal regulations a in 1849, and are complete in their pro

)
ht into the divining state, the applil places of residence, upon which the st herself to the spot referred to, and , in most instances with perfect accunt, indicated the disease, detailed the d, and answeręd through M. Liénard, y questions that were asked of her.
applicant deposited a small fee upon eparted in the most entire faith and
and age of the distant patient were us test to which she was subjected, utta, and give me a description of a, 2quainted, she was wrong. The whole or investigation, and the, accumuso conducted, will never advance nor Mesmer. Mons.- Liénard’s object is good purpose to which he devotes it where it does not succeed in carrying
re-mentioned, there are two or three and water shells in the possession of
:ctually inclined, and various societies 2nce, meteorology, agriculture, and the olony generally. A sanitary commisnich, if rightly managed, cannot fail to
members of his government encourage g an active part in their proceedings, nce and support.
red to, officers from India can easily 2ir furlough, in a comparatively bracing
well-organized and efficient municipa', prison, and medical establishments, ligration office, an observatory, and in fficient domestic government, required ty and civilization. Few of these are although all are of undoubted importpof they are established.
re, grounded upon an ordinance passed visions, After providing for the prop

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9 {
er valuation of all immoveable prop regulate the subject of fires, one of m so o many wooden and combustible bui and the eight members of the munici pose, with their badges and insignia police and the fire fatigue party of tro a signal gun of alarm fired upon the portion of the excellent rules referred and would prevent the wholesale des' always occurs, when a bazar is attacke the spread of contagious diseases, regu trolling the markets are all sound, su being instruments of oppression, an without injury to the interests of any
The rules for the exclusion of dang and for preventing the adulteration off The ordinary minor regulations for order, the prevention of cruelty to ala public nuisances, the supply and distri of the cemeteries, the relief of pauper vided for.
The port regulations are very string to be unnecessary and injurious res circumstances that a visitor need be: advisability of never sailing in a shi eschewing the society of immigrants or What more nearly concerns those w in that land of sugar and spice, are tl colony. These are contained in an c require them to publish their projecte information of the lieges at large, and it Jeremy Diddler. Securities are requ legal instrument set in action to protect the prey of the land sharks, and gentle sionally favour the far East with their
The government of the Mauritius i likewise Commander-in-chief, assisted council. The former consists of the C troops, the Colonial Secretary, and the The latter is composed of official an members comprise the Governor, the Procureur and Advocate-general, the Paymaster-general, the Collector of in

erty for purposes of taxation, they uch importance in a toWm containing ldings. The Mayor, Deputy Mayor, pal corporation chosen for that purof office, are required to attend, the ops are placed under their orders, and occurrence of any conflagration. A to might easily be adopted in Calcutta, Iruction of property that now almost d by fire. The rules for preventing lating weights and measures, and conitable, sufficiently stringent without d calculated to protect the public, :lass of the community. gerous varieties of fish and crustacea, . ood, would be very useful in Calcutta. the repression of gambling and disimals, the removal and abatement of bution of water, the proper regulation s, and similar matters are duly pro
ent, and some of them appear to me trictions upon commerce. The only ar in mind regarding them are, the p with a foul bill of health, and of
the passage. ho hạve been sojourners for any time he regulations. for departure from the rdinance promulgated in 1850, and l exit in the official gazette for the ) prevent the escape of any intending ired, penalties enacted, and every the colony, and prevent its becoming men of elastic conscience who occaunwelcome society. s administered by a Viceroy, who is by an executive, and a legislative overnor, the officer commanding the Procureur and Advocate-general. l non-official members. The official officer commanding the troops, the Auditor-general, the Treasurer and ternal revenue, and the Collector of

Page 105
customs. The non-official members the community at large-members of found among them. The members o India, with the title of honorable.
The Governor presides at the meet proposes, except in extraordinary cir consideration and discussion, has a c equal division, and acts in general as The meetings are ordinarily held a and emergent or extraordinary meeti the Governor may appoint, a written to each of the members by the Secre the Governor, form a quorum, and i cellency, the senior member present
The minutes of the preceding mee communications from the Governor after which, the order in which head the previous meeting by the President submitted for discussion. The Pres order-decides all disputes as to pre áll irrelevant discussions, and in th proceedings.
Amendments upon questions may be-divided into distinct propositions ar ble freedom of discussion is allowed, t being deemed a privilege, and not r either when in council or afterwards, All drafts of ordinances, unless oth ing, published in the Government G furnished with a printed copy of the Gazette, notice is attached specifying it will be received by the Secretary.
The second reading of the draft cal in the notice, or at least ten days fr the members.
A publication in the Governmen order of the Governor, with notice o be considered equivalent to, or a sub with any subsequent publication of th When the council, upon the propos it is expedient to enact a law' upon ar the council may be appointed to prep On the motion for the second readi

are ten in number, and selected from the bar, merchants, and planters being council and judges are dignified, as in
ngs, regulates the order of proceedings, cumstances, all laws and ordinances for ommon and a casting vote in cases of moderator of the council. t Government House once a fortnight, ngs may be held on any other day that notice of forty-eight hours being sent tary. Eight members, independent of in the unavoidable absence of His Exoresides. ting are first read and confirmed, then take precedence of all other business, ls of business have been determined at , is observed in the sequence of subjects ident is the sole judge and guardian of 2cedence of speech-has power to stop e event of contumacy to suspend the
be moved-complicated subjects may d considered seriatim-and considerahe speeches and sentiments of members endering them liable to be questioned regarding their views. and opinions.
erwise ordered, are, after the first readazette. Each member of the councilis draft, to which, when published in the the day on which observations upon
nnot take place before the day specified om the delivery of the printed copy to
t Gazette of a draft of ordinance, by f delay for receiving observations, may stitute for a first reading, and dispense he same draft. ition of the Governor, has decided that ly subject, a Committee of members of are a draft of the contemplated law. ng of a draft of ordinance, the observa

Page 106
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tions upon it are read, and the whole motion being carried, the council consi seriatim, or refer it to a Committee for
On the second reading, no motion anaendment, or postponement, or if it sions, for ar šęparate discussion and dec There are likewise special regulation and re-publication of drafts after thė se antagonism of one part to another is di Theseveral articles of the draft bei are read and considered, and a day fixe When the draft is presented for the draft do now pass, and then the discuss and principle of the draft, which is the All questions are decided-by-a majo. of equality, having a casting vote.
Written addresses are not allowed, sentedin writing to the president, bei whom, if sent in time, copies are-forwa to the next meeting of the council.
Upon the termination of a discussio president, each-member present, beginn saying 'yes' or no,' and no discussio taking the votes. Any member of th the reason -of-his dissent from the majo in the journal of proeeedings.
Members in discussion, are only all the same debate, with the exception o allowed the priyilege of a reply. Mei plain, and to speak upon the discussion ordimance. Members requiring additi discussion, can move in couneil for the tary for it.
The same standing orders of the l6t nation, composition, and reports of co) perform.
The colonial secretary is the executi records all matters brought before the c ings'-and attends upon-all committees Strangers are admitted to the coun tickets from members. No communic: permitted between visitors and membe to express approbation or disapprobati

卢
is submitted to.discussion. Upon the der the severalprovisions of thedraft
examination and report. can be admitted but for its omission, contain different and distinct proviision, on each. s for the re-examination, re-printing, 2cond reading, if any inconsistency or iscovered. ng completed, the title and preamble d for the third reading.
third reading it is moved that this ion is confined to the general object eupon passed or entirely rejected. rity of votes, the Governor, in cases
Ail motions and ameradments are prefore being read by the secretary, by rded to each member of council prior
n, and the question being put by the ling with the junior, gives his vote by n is allowed while the secretary is 2 minority, may, if he wishes, record rity, at the close of the day's minutes
owed to speak once in the course of f the member originating it, who is, mbers are, however, permitted to exof the separate articles of a draft of onal information upon subjeets under
same, or apply to the colonial secre
h of March 1846 regulate the nomimmittees, with the duties they are to
ive officer of the council-reads and !ouncil-keeps a journal of proceed, keeping an order book for the same. cil chamber ten at a time, by printed tions verbal, written, or by signs are }rs, and the former are not permitted ion, under pain of being required to

Page 107
withdraw. They are also obliged the president, or upon the motion of address the chair. standing, and allud signations, or without naming them.
There is a special ordinance for r council to prevent interruptions, puni ceedings, and assign penalties for def Reports of proceedings and debat and are frequently of considerable in The form of government above de suited to the circumstances of the col of representation through the non-offi by the Governor, are by no means b ment, or to cease to exercise independ the people themselves are fitted to representatives, it is not easy to sa tion of a foreign element renders it. and to legislate so as to please all rather too strong a leaning to the Fr. of conciliation, than is altogether co British supremacy. While I should d proach to class distinctions, or any di ference to the feelings, prejudices, an descent, it should never be forgotter the English Crown, owes entire alle right whatever to exhibit republican the dominant nation. Such sympath repressed in any part of the French aliens living under the protection of h can be expected to grant further than vation of her own digility and indep great political error that French law, proceeding opposed to the feelings -o permitted. The rule of the Roman sufficiently the view of the matter ta It cannot be compared to the British we dispossessed no ancient people wit soil, and a religion and civilization of emancipation of Europe herself from t tion.
The history of the Mauritius from carégnas, in the beginning of the 15th quent abandonment by the Dutch,
O

3
0 withdraw at all times on the order of a member to that effect. Members to their colleagues by their official de
gulating the police of the sittings of h disturbances, or false reports of promation or abuse of a member. es are published by the local journals, erest. tailed from official documents, is well pay, and gives the people a fair amount ial members, who, although nominated ound thereby to side with the governlence of opinion and action. How far xercise the right of electing their own y. As in Lower Canada, the introducdifficult to reconcile adverse interests, parties. There appeared to me to be ench interests, although for purposes nsistent with the maintenance of the eprecate most strongly the remotest apeparture from a proper amount of del tastes of the inhabitants of foreign that the colony is an appendage of giance to Queen Victoria, and has no or any other sympaties opposed to izing would be very rudely and rapidly Republic, were it attempted by the er flag, and is a licence which mo nation is strictly consistent with the preserendence. Hence I conceive it to be a the French language, or any practice or the conquerors, should ever have been s and of the French themselves shews ken by great and enlightened nations. Empire in India, as in the Mauritius n the hereditary claims of ages to the their own, both long anterior to the he bondage of ignorance and supersti
· its early discovery by Pedro de Mascentury, to its occupation and subseand its lengthened colonization and

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tenure by the French, down to the c; power in whose possession it still remail incidents.
Among the most striking of these tration of Mahé de La Bourdonnais, on ful, and ill-requited governors who colony in the universe; the wréck duri which, as an episode in the charming ta. world-wide celebrity; the reproduction cities and irregularities of the earliest the Mauritius with the almost fabulo the remarkable naval contest of which of the present century.
Some of the remains of the gallan seen, and are among the interesting that I fell in with on the island. The c on Monkey island, a curious bed of cc with vegetation, are still there, -some near the site of old Grand Port, an imbedded in the sand, are also existing Upon mentioning the circumstances.o who was present at the capture of th the Néréide Frigate at the time, and ception of a small gallery near the ster of a foot, in the hull of the whole shi shot from the French batteries.
Of the present politics of the island parties are particularly unreserved in requires a more intimate acquaintance ous subjects of discussion, than can be to the archives of the state, to entitle trustworthy opinion regarding local m which I may venture to record, viz: tha of prosperity, and possesses within it ed, of happiness and contentment.
The official salaries of all classes of lower than in India. The Governor re £2000; the colonial secretary £1500; £1200; the vice-president and assist procureur, advocate-general and audit general of police £1000; the eollect grades of public officers in a correspon

apture of the island in 1810 by the ls, is full of remarkable and romantic
may be mentioned the able adminise of the most earnest, gifted, successever regulated the destinies of any ng his administration of the St. Geran le of Paul and Virginia, has obtained a on a small scale-of some of the atroFrench Revolution; the connection of is account of piracy in the East; and it was the theatre in the early part
fight at Grand Port are still to be objects connected with its history, ld iron guns that formed the battery oral raised above the reef and covered guns of the same character are lying d the rusty fluke of an old anchor , relics of the past scenes of contest. in my return to an old Indian officer e Mauritius, he stated that he visited it was ascertained that with the exn, there was not a space of the extent p, that had not been riddled by round
, I shall say nothing, for although all the expression of their opinions, it with the detailed history of the variformed by hearsay, or without access : a visitor to express any positive or atters. One fact, however, I learnt, it the colony is in an unexampled state self every essential, if rightly appli
public servants in the colonies are ceives £6000 a year; the chief judge the treasurer and paymaster-general ant judge of the court of appeal, the or-general E1200 each; the inspectoror of customs £800; and the lower ling diminishing ratio. .

Page 109
ft.
The educational establishments o College at Port Louis founded in 179 The former institution is ruled ov professors of classics, mathematics, E. establishment, appears to be well co accommodation for boarders. Notwit the English language iņ all the officia courts of justice in 1847, by an order to me to be gleaning to French, as th on the part of the majority of the inha part, but should not be permitted to in of English as the paramount langua creoles of the lower classes is the n of French, English, and Malgaseh, wi Malabar. As spoken by the Indian c. and the veriest lingual olla-podrida in to establish schools for the children of proceeding in itself, but from what I and conducted in a very questionable French the chief, if not sole, medium tate to denounce it as a most impolitic, It is no longer the authorized medi colony, would not be of the most ren i return te India, and would only tend that cannot be too strongly deprecated As the Indian Government is imme to the treatment of the labourers sent no such scheme will be permitted to b effectual of all modes of compelling obe I am bound, however, to confess, a that this is the only point on which of, or object to the treatment of Ind All the laws and regulations regar fulfilled, to an extent that is almost i not over-tasked, are highly paud, and { with attention. Their wages are reg exclusive of rations, which ordinarily 4tbs of salt fish, and lib of salt mont comfortably housed, and appeared h; India, fanciful . and changeable, but til into, are usually of the most childish : The following precis of-the "num during the five years mentioned, with
o 2

the Mauritius consist of the Royal and several district schools. :r by a rector and has a large staff of glish and French. It is an extensive ducted, and has healthy and ample lstanding the general introduction of proceedings of the government and f the Queen in Council, there appears 2 vernacular language of the country, itants. This is natural enough on their terfere with the thorough prosecution ge in the college. The patois of the lost extraordinary imaginable medley h at times a dash of Hindustani and olies it is the mostlaughable jargon, the world. Some effort is now making Immigrants, a wise, liberal, and proper heard not unlikely to be mismanaged, form. If it be intended to render of-imparting knowledge, Irdo not hesifoolish, and even improper proceeding. um of officiāill communication in the note use to those of the-coolies who to perpetuate a mischievous system, l in a British possession. diately interested in whatever relates from Hindustan, it is to be hoped that e entertained. They possess the most dience to their wishes in such matters nd I do so with unmixed satisfaction, the most scrupulous could complain an Immigrants in the Mauritius. ling them are strictly and honestly jurious to their employers; they are very reasonable want and wish meets ulated by contract of service, and are onsist of 50lbs of rice, 4tbs of dholl, ily. They are generally well-dressed, ppy and contented. They are, as in er great grievances when - enquired nd trifling description. er of immigrant labourers engaged their aggregate monthly amount of

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wages earned, and the average rate ga statement. .
No. engaged. Ag
1846 47,733 号 1847 49,638 1848 41,784 1849 45,284 1850 ' " .48,l12
A great proportion, if not the chief p a considerable amount finds its way to country. The immediate influence of importance compared with the intellig ledge of improved modes of agriculture, by the return coolie to his benighted h of conversing with many of this class perceived that there was a shrewdness, wisdom about the most intelligent of t again to submit quietly to the crushi selfishness of native zemindars, of who a most correct and wholesome estimate. It would be interesting, and beneficia justly at heart, if the Government of th lish in India, a return óf the amount o return labourers, the number who har number who had become settlers there, mode of livelihood, and social condition in with a few who had given up all hope they seemed comfortable and well to country of their adoption. The greatest: landholder-a lord of the soil-however ás master. This feeling might be takėn and settlements encouraged to a great believe, there is a considerable area at I Crimes of a deep dye are not very 847 seven coolies were tried for murde I did not ascertain the history of these the majority of such instances would frequent source of vengeance in India, to be much aggravated where this tet the same year, in the whole possessio: demeanour, in which there were 370 co From a general tabular statement of assizes of Port Louis, for the sevent

ned by each, will fully bear out my
regate wages. Average. 2,994.18 l4s. 2 4,339 l0 4 13 105,047 l.2 3 Til ll; 5,365 0 4. ll 28 8,683 7 4 ll ll
art of this is spent in the colony, yet India, and must be useful to that this wealth is, however, of minor nce, freedom from prejudice, knowand habits of industry brought back ome. I had frequent opportunities on my voyage back to India, and spirit of independence, and worldly hem, that would never permit them ng, heartless oppression, and utter se tender mercies they had acquired
l to the cause it has so much, and so Le Mauritius would prepare and pubf wealth taken out of the colony by gone. back to the island, and the with the nature of their occupations, generally. In my wanderings I fell and wish to revisit their native soil; lo, and spoke in high terms of the ambition of an Asiatic is to become a small the possession which owns him dvantage of by the local government, xtent on the waste lands, of which, I resent uncultivatęd and unoccupied. common in the colony. In the year r, of whom four only were convicted. :ases, but have reason to believe that be found to arise from jealousy-a there women are plentiful, and likely rrima causa belli” is. so scarce. In there were only 522 cases of mislvictions, and 150 acquittals.
condemnations before the court of en years beginning with 1830, and

Page 111
ending with 1846, published in the monthly statement of all matters c some interesting facts may be gleane The statement is for three distinct January 1835, that of apprenticesh period in which immigration commer
Slav
Nature of Crimes. 1830
Abduction of minor, . . . . . . . . Assaults, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assaulting and Wounding, ...... Forgeries, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arson, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Homicides, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurrections on Estates, ...... Murders and attempts at murder, 2 Manslaughter, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poisoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robberies, . . . . . . . . . . . . « • • • • • 9 Wiolence to females, . . . . . . . . .
Coining false money, . . . . . . . . . .
The whole population of all colous and sexes in 1846, was 161,089, and in the same year 56, giving a ratio o viduals, which considering the very li in the colony, is very creditable to th The police of the island is organiz troduced by Sir Robert Peel, and is, such purposes, however, I consider-th to any other for the rapid, certain, a the repression of disorder, and the ap
My window at the hotel d'Europe the jail, whence the prisoners cond tered and marched off at day-break, The rattling of their chains, and m they were set in movement were in e ing prison from which they daily em is an overgrown, unsightly building fording the least possible general su department is excellent in itself, a labyrinth of bad airangement, such larger coercive establishment than w

97.
Mauritius Mail, an excellent and able f interest connected with the colony, l.
periods, that of slavery to the eid.of p to April 1838, and the subsequent ced. -
Apprentice. Indian ітті
ship. ` gration. Total. 1835-38 839-46 -
l 5 5 5 5 5 e. is a .. 5 4. 8 . 24 36
4 4 .. 3 8. 3 2 O ... 22 6 19 59 8.
. • . . O 171 . . 242 503 9 2 22 32 4 . . . e.a 4
Total,........ 705
, classes, creeds, tongues, nations, ages, the total number of crimes committed f one criminal for every 2876 : indiurge number of coolies and stray waifs . le morality of the community. . ted upom the English plam originally inI believe, reputed to be efficient. For e French military system to be superior nd effective manner in which it acts for prehension of offenders. - was nearly opposite to the great gate of emined to work on the roads were musunder the escort of a military guard. urmur of their many-tongued voices as xcellent keeping with the gloomy lookerged. The “stone jug” of Port Louis constructed upon the principie 6st afpervision from any given point. Each nd not ill-managed, but the whole is a is must render it necessary to employ a ould be requisite with a little more at

Page 112
9,
tention to design. The work-shops, bathing places and other details of in their-kind; but, on the whole, it was i at Colombo in Ceylon.
The military establishments of the visit, of the 5th Fusiliers at Port Lo regiment at Grand Port, one company c pany of Sappers and Miners. Since the Cape. It is at present a major-gen staff establishment attached to it. E there are outpost detachments at all po through openings in the reefs. Some tions, but somewhat solitary places of
The barracks in Port Louis are ve western end of the town, with stagnant their rear. They are enclosed in an ex two ranges of stone buildings, which and ill-adapted for the accommodation confessedly the hottest place in the isla the signal mountain are in about as hot ed. That the troops are healthy in spi larities of the British soldier, is an salubrity of the climate.
Mahébourg on the windward side oft agreeable quarter.
 

8
solitary cells, court-yard for exercise, literior economy, were good enough of nfinitely inferior to the model prison
island consisted, at the time of my uis, the reserve battalion of the 12th of the Royal Artillery, and half a comhat time the 12th has moved back to eral's command, and has the ordinary Head-quarters are at Port Louis, and ints of the island that are accessible of the latter are in picturesque posipenance for detached subalterns. ry ill-placed in a low position at the , swampy, filthy puddles and pools in tensive parade ground, and consist of
seemed to me to be low in the roof, of a large body of men. Port Louis is nd, and the barracks near the base of , a position as could have been selectte of this, and of the admitted irréguadditional and a strong proof of the
he island is a much prettier. and more

Page 113
The station is near the head of charming prospect of mountains on marshy and malarious soil in its vicii most desirable and healthy places of
The country around is most pictu engaged in to an almost unlimited ex however, particularly good of its ki with the capital. The road from P best in the island, and although it is fectly practicable for every species of or three times a week, and the charg Nearly half way at Eau Conlee and latter a little more than fourteen mile cellent roadside inns, moderate in the ture between these places and the ci lived in the latter for three days in th original and most entertaining lan phases of life, and was full of quaint. career. He was my guide to Mahébc the disasters of a small dose of a delt, and ingenious devices. to delude me and repeated sticking in the most ter ing incidents of a trip in search oft I left Eau Coulée early on the morni day, but had scarcely reached Curepi floods, and-fairly washed us into Gral on the brilliant charms of the magnifi direction, when I was unable to see a Mahébourg was more fortunate, and been veiled.
In the immediate vicinity of Eau ( visit which it is an excellent startin natural caverns, and arches under distance is a singular punch-bowl ek which some imagine to be the reme Not yery far removed is a remarkal which is situated at a high level, an clothed with vegetatiom. It is repo jectured tó dead to all sorts of stran and fed somewhat in the same man. that its hed is a natural instead of b The physical aspect of the island turesque, abounding in sceries of gr

the bay of Grand Port, commands a he opposite side. of the bay, is free from lity, and must be altogether one of the residence in the colony. resque, boating and sea-bathing can be tent in the bay, it contains a hotel, not nd, and is in constant communication 'ort Louis to Grand Port is one of the in many places extremely steep, is perconveyance. Ah omnibus leaves twice 2 for an inside place is moderate.
Curepipe-the former place twelve, the is from Government house-are-two exair charges. The difference of temperaapital, is extraordinary and striking. I le wooden tenement of Mr. Gilbert, an dlord, who had passed through many und humorous illustrations of his motley burg and the Savanne, and lightened all ige by his unconquerable good humour, into the belief of a thorough drenching nacious of earthly mud, being entertainhe beauties of nature unadorned by art. ng of what promised to be a clear, fine pe when the heavens poured down their nd Port, my mercurial guide expatiating cent prospects scattered around in every yard before my nose. The return from revealed the beauties which before had
Doulée are several interesting objects, to g point. At the very doors are curious which the river runs; and at a short cavation known as the *Trou aux cerfs,'' ins of the crater of an extinct volcano. ble inland lake, called “ Grande Basin,”* ld lies in a basin surrounded by hills cted to be of fabulous depth, and is-eorige places. It most probably is formed ner as the great lake of Kandy, except 2ing an artificial excavation.
generally is bold and remarkably pic2at natural beauty, It is quite entitled .

Page 114
C
to the eulogistic strains in which it l a. charming spot, pleasant to the eye, ing to almost every variety oftaste foi The lover of the purely pastoral, t sentimental seeker of shady glades, pu venturesome scaler of mountains and h of caverns, may all have their respecti Many of the ravines are the very p. with the most magnificent, luxuriant the many streamlets leaping over the variety of pretty and picturesque cou shrubberries bounding the rural retre gularly beautiful, whether seen from Some of the water-falls also have a gr Tamarin and Chamarel falls. The la driven back by incessant rain; the for consequently better known and more : of some of the falls in Ceylon and Reu scenery surrounding it being deemed island. The geologist and botanist w profitable excursions, particularly the island is still a vexed question, and l different conclusions regarding it. view; but as I have nothing new to curious to the controversies of de Coss: have investigated the question with m at a correct restalt than I possessed.
Like Bourbon, the Mauritius is com to be eighty fathoms wide and ten fe approaches to the island are through a distinctly traced in clear, calm weathe The agricultural products of the M many changes as those of the sister-i indigo, spices, coffee, the mulberry, ar. latter prevailing at present to an exter guished all other products. Since i exportation of this staple has risen g 1812, to l?8,476,547 in 1849, the la wonderful result when the area of thi in mind that a considerable portion is been allowed to fall into decay. The praiseworthy and benevolent motives, cultivation of the mulberry and produ

O
nas been immortalized by St. Pierre, is exhilirating to the spirits, and gratify
landscape. he admirer of rocks and ravines, the rling streams or brawling brooks, the eights, and the subterranean searcher ve tastes fully gratified. erfection of romantic retreats, covered creepers, and exhibiting the course of rocks in their road, in every possible rse. Those seen from the end of the ut of the Governor at Reduit, are sinthe Moka or Plain Wilhelms” side. eat local reputation, particularly the . tter I twice essayed in vain to reach, mer is much nearer to Port Luouis and frequented. It has not the grandeur nion, yet it amply repays a visit, the by many the most beautiful in the vill find ample room, for pleasant. and former, for the true formation of the earned authorities have adopted very My own belief inclines to the volcanic offer on the subjept, I must refer the igny, Brunel, le Gentil and othèrs who hore knowledge and meahs of arriving
pletely surrounded by coral reefs, said set above the level of the sea. The pertures in these banks, which can be
, w auritius have gone through nearly as sland in its neighbourhood. Cotton, ld sugar have all had their day, the it that has nearly, if not quite, extint, became an English possession, the radually from 969,264 lbs. French, in irgest quantity yet produced, a truly 2 island is considered, and it is borne not susceptible of cultivation, or has present Governor has, with the most encouraged the re-introduction of the action of silk as a means of affording

Page 115
occupation and subsistence to those employment. Some of the cocoons
and from a statement recently publis 191 lbs 8 oz. of silk were produced in t last, from 3,397 lbs 8 oz. of cocoons. of M. de Chazal, who in 1822, obtai raw silk. The merit of the re-intr gentleman, and under the enlightene capable of becoming a very valuable trenching upon the province of the
The tea plant has been introduced not hear of any great measure of suc Among the fruits at present cultiv of pine apple, the custard apple, alliga the lemon, the mangosteen, the date, the bread-fruit, the guava, the pom mulberry, the peach, the apple, the cashew nut, some varieties of plum, importance. .
Of spices there are enumerated cin all-spice, turmeric, betel, camphor, a The economical plants include m coffee, cassia, sago, tobacco, tea, and
Р
 

Ol
unable to engage in any more laborious which I saw at Reduit were excellent,
hed in the local journals it appears that he eighteen months preceding February This is small compared with the results ined seven hundred and fifty pounds of oduction is due to the daughter of that d auspices of its existing ruler, it is still source of profit to the colony, without irincipal article of export. , as it was once in Reunion, but I did :cess attendant upon the experiment, 'ated in the island are, several varieties torpear, the plantain, the seville orange, the fig, the strawberry, the raspberry, egranate, the leechee, the mango, the shaddock, the grape, the chesnut, the the tamarind, and several others of less
namon, ginger, cloves, nutmegs, pepper, nd grains of paradise. • Lany varieties of the sugar-cane, cocoa,
vanilla.

Page 116
Several grains, pulses and roots are produced to any great extent. The is substances on foreign sources.
Excellent vegetables are procurable seem to be very abundant, but those w of my stay, were good of their kind.
The above imperfectenumeration wil ably good idea of what he may expect i Plants and seeds from India are alwa in ships can easily carry a supply with Living in the Mauritius is somewhat is so entirely dependent on other coun food, that considerable fluctuation occ commonest articles of existence. It is ir ly in advance of the interior of Ceylon, than that of the cinnamon island. I h perior to the Cape in this essential parti There is an abundant supply of good well tasted and palatable, and a tolerab bles. But butcher's meat, butter, and 1 of the same superior quality. The bre
standa
 

2
also seen in some places, but few are land is dependent for most of these
at the proper seasons; they did not hich were to be had during the time
l give the visitor from India a tolerin this land of promise. ys acceptable, and those who go down them. dear, and not particularly good. It tries for almost every description of :urs in the price and supply of the all these respects, however, infiniteand the cooking is of a better order ave heard that it is likewise very suicular.
and wholesome fish, plenty of fruit, ly respectable show of fresh vegetamilk are more scarce, and usually not :ad made from Cape and Australian
lས།།
న్వైన్
ཅི་ཞི་སོགས་་་༡/4
USGAIR
M सकत्NS DAARINDANREMDADUIREANNLÄNDELIHIMAŅŠNAS
GEN

Page 117
flour, is of fair, average quality, and every sort are abundant and good. T tion are not particularly good, altho Indian markets. In some private fami superior to anything met with in Hin
Invalids need stand in no fear of can be nos doubt that the establislim ing the demands of the Colony cons and render it, in future, much less s heretofore.
There is a good table d’Hôte at bot from the latter, dinness can be obtain in lodgings of their own. The greate these it is nearly impossible to obtain Those in India who have old and tr with them, paying them at the curren more than double that of this country able to the servants of Northern Indi caste, are more generally useful, and 1 Mauritius has now, however, become a bug-bear, and little difficulty will b follow their masters. For ladies with lutely necessary to take every species procurable are of an order seldom or n engrafted colonial upon aative vice than useful, in addition to rating such ing, at an unduly extravagant estima are little, if at all, better. The only . soldiers’ wives. They are few in num gin, bitters, and barrack habits to be There are doubtless exceptions to general rule; regarding the mass it c from the information gathered in mar There are public, baths ont the Che pany's Garden, which are open eve) two hotels also furnish hot and cold are not furnished with baths of any k For sea bathing a strip of beach ne: distance of the mouth of Grand River huts have been erected there for the bottom is smooth, sandy, and slopes g. free from any danger of the invasion acquaintance is undesirable, this foi
р 2

03
preserved articlės with comestibles of le wines imported for general consumpgh far better than the average of the lies the wines, French and German, are dustan. starvation in the Mauritius, and there ent of steam communication by keepantly known, will regulate the supply, ubject to fluctuation than it has been
h the hotels d'Europe and Masse, and 2d by those who prefer living at home st want of the colony is servants, and
at any cost. . ustworthy attendants should take them trate of wages in the island, which is Madrasees and Cingalese are prefer... They are less given to prejudices of nave no objection to sea voyages. The so well known as to have ceased to be be experienced in inducing natives to families visiting the colony, it is absoof female attendant with them. Those ever employed in India, have generally s, and are usually more troublesome ! service as they are capable of perform;e. The Creoles of the inferior classes European female servants available are ber, as well as too commonly given to tolerated in a quiet household. this statement as there are to every onveys the conclusion which I deduced y places. ۔۔۔۔۔ ussée of Port Louis, opposite the Comy day, and good of their kind. The baths. The majority of private houses ind. - r-the old salt pans, and within a short has been appropriated. Small thatched accommodation of ladies, and as the 'adually towards the reef, within which, of sharks or other sea monsters whose
gas a sheltered,and dollahbful spot for

Page 118
l
the most healthful of all recreations. mem are the creek at, the mouth of Gire Tromelin causeway.
In the neighbourhood of Mahébour such amusements, in the most romant attribute of the abodes of the ancient N from which the bold bathers plunge in rolling rapidly, and soon breaking ove more than twenty feet, and almost equ
The census of 1846, as published in of Mauritius as consisting of 107,225. and in some respects injurious dispropo sidents and birds of passage, as well as Of the above 30,140 males and 25 head of general population, 28,142 ma or the remains of the old slave popt females, Indian population. The dis greatest, and likewise of most serious c needless to dwell upon the ipjurious in wonderful that it does not produce mo to result from it, a fact which pleads the colony.
Until the labourer is surrounded from the possession of a home of his o change, anxious to réturn to his bir crime, and to acquire disorderly habi would and could become, were this in it is at present. The colonial governm has been felt, acknowleged, and dep welfare and prosperity of the island.
it would be worth while for some revenues are now in a healthy and flo couragement to the migration of more at almost any temporary sacrifice. V thorities in India to exhibit a direct : ject of immigration than can be expec agement, the end would be one of unal can exceed the jealous, anxious, and s ment of the Mauritius watches over th immigrant. If anything, he is spoilt sideration shown to him, and I have n my conviction that he is better paid, 'g than in any part of India with which I

4.
the favourite bathing places for gentleind River, and a place alongside of the
g I was shewn a very perilous spot for ;ic of all ravines, surrounded by every Naiads. It is an unfinished téte de pont to the deep stream below, dark as Iser r a rugged ridge of rocks. The fall was al to a leap from the Leucadian rock. the local journals, gives the population males, and 53,864 females, an unusual ortion of sexes. This included the re
the military force of the island. 33l females were classed under the les and 21,223 females, ex-apprentices lation, and 48,935 males, with 7,310 proportion exists in all classes, but is :onsequence, among the coolies. It is fluence of such a state of affairs; it is re crime and disorder than are known strongly for the good government of
by the influences that can alone result wn, he will be restless, errant, fond of th-place, prone to the commission of Es, and altogether less useful than he mportant matter better' regulated than ent is not to blame for a defect which lored, by those most interested in the
time to come, particularly as the local urishing state, to-afford additional ennumerous, and a better class of females Vere this to be done, and the local auand more personal interest in the subited from the existing system of manloyed good to both countries. Nothing. crupulous care with which the governe interests of, and protects the Indian by the almost undue amount of conpt the slightest hesitation in recording lothed, fed, and treated in every way, am personally acquainted. NA

Page 119
The good faith and philanthropy o so well established, aid the amount o which the coolie can and does bril that any general notification from the population of this vast over-peopled c attention and rapidly accomplish al simple notice in the vernacular lar pay, and other subjects connected wi made known by the civil officers thr knowledge of the existence of such a and wide among the ryots of Hindust: numberless other tribes of sturdy, a bability, readily embark in such an ent they do at present, as the promulgatio officers known to and possessing the as a guarantee of its truth and trustw The only point respecting the cool with the island chiefs is the proposal remarked. I know of no sound princi can justify or sanction such a measure, quire a questionable species of populau unbecoming a British statesman, that entertain or promulgate it. I have l French not to feel the deepest sent many of their qualities as a nation set attributes of civilization ; but the gen modes of thought and action, are quit hence I should be sorry to see their ir first duty is to their own country.
Although, as in India, and probably ancient system of profuse and indis from the Mauritius, she is still a land and hearty welcome to the stranger. intercourse better understood, more u agreeable contrast to the dull mono class propensities of Indian society.
The following brief and accurate d the War Office returns on the sickness ing in the Mauritius. It conveys a be matters to which it refers, than any ot far as my brief personal experience wa appears to be trustworthy.

05
the. authorities of Port Louis are now wealth and useful practical knowledge g back to his home so well known, Government of India to the labouring ntinent would, I am convinced, awaken that could be wished or desired. A guage of the district, pointing out the h the condition of the immigrant, and oughout the country, would spread the means of bettering their condition, far n. The Coles, Dhangas, Santals, and ble-bodied labourers would, in all proerprize in much greater numbers, than h of its terms and conditions by local confidence of the people, would operate orthiness. e upon which I am disposed to quarrel to teach him French, as I have already ple of policy, utility, or aught else that and it cannot arise from a desire to acity with the Creoles, a proceeding so ; I should not for a moment venture to ived too long in France and among the iments of respect and admiration for :ond to, none in some of the highest ius of their language and habits, their e unsuited for an English possession, troduction encouraged by those whose
, from very much the same causes, the :riminate hospitality has disappeared of kindly feeling, generous sympathy, No where are the amenities of social hostentatiously displayed, or more in ony, stiff formality, and disagreeable
escription of the island is taken from and mortality among the troops servtter and more correct estimate of the her authority I have met with, and so rants the expression of an opinion, it

Page 120
''This island- is of an irregular oval sha breadth, with a superficial extent of nearly Indian Ocean, about 500 miles to the eastwar the island of Bourbon, and lies in Lat. 2009
“From whatever quarter it is approached t The land rises rapidly from the coast to the i. tains from 1800 to 2800 feet in height, interse cept towards the summit these are generally into deep ravines, through which numerous r terminate in about twenty small rivers, by from the foot of the mountains to the sea. character, a great part of the interior is not a plains several leagues in circumference are to as well as along the coast, most of the grour poses of agriculture, or for raising any descri still cover a considerable portion of the distri in the centre of the island are several small exert any material influence on the climate
"The soil in many parts is exceedinglyric or a bed of stiff clay of considerable ဖိုးမျိုး C ore and the debris of...volcanic rock. In the in the inamediate vicinity of the sea, there is a rocky surface of coralline formation. The with the exception of a few openings through these points E. different military posts forth “There is a marked difference in the clim windward side enjoying a lover temperature to the cooling influence of the south-east br The vicinity of the mountains also exerts v and great varieties of temperature are expe levation attained, so that at Moka and Plains fires are often necessary, when at Port Louis, heat is excessive. The following table shows at the capital :- .
Months Average of
aw ་་་་་་་་་་་་་། Maximum
Janu у . .. 88° ့်ဦးရှိ . . . . . . . . . . . 88. March, .. 0. ཟི་ . ک7جعه هستند 85 ". . . . . . . . "' , ۔ ... ,Aprilل 8λ, o 83 ه . حت ه " ه . به ဇွိုဇ္ဇိ..’. . • s 82 s s . . . . 79 ់ . . . . . . . . 78 September, . . . . . . . . . , 80 October, . . 8. . . . . . . . 84 November, . . . . . . . 84 December, . . . . . . . 87
It will be observed that, so far as regards sity of climate, this island exhibits a very stril

O6
pe, 36 miles in length, and from 18 to 27 in a million of acres. It is situated in the d of Madagascar, from 70 to 80 north-east of S.; Long 57o 28' E. he aspectis singularly abrupt and picturesque. , hterior, where it forms three chains of mouncting the country in different directions. Excovered with wood, and in many parts cleft vulets find their way to the low grounds, and which the whole line of coast is well watered Though, from its mountainous and rugged ivailable for any useful purpose, yet extensive be found in the highlands, and in the valley ldis well adapted either for the ordinary purption of tropical produce. Extensive forests, sts of Mahébourg, the Savanna, and Flacq, and lakes, but neither of these agencies seem to
l, copsisting either of a black vegetable mould, ccasionally the élay is found mixed with iron. neighbourhood of Port Louis, and generally out a scanty covering of light friable soil over whole coast is surrounded by reefs of coral, which vessels can approach the shore, and at e defence of the island have been established. ate of this island in different situations, the by several degrees than the leeward, owing eeze which prevails during most of the year. ery considerable influence on the humidity; rienced, according to the different degrees of Wilhelms, in the ಹಿಜ್ಡ of the interior, though but two or three leagues distant, the the range of the thermometer and fall of rain
مي ܫ
Temperature. Fall of Rain. WN 182 34, i Averagé of 7 10 *ို;ဂ္ဂီ 5 to 1834, in- years 1828 to
1834, inclusive.
Medium. - Minimum. Inches.
8ვი ` 78° ' | 6.14
·| 83 78 5.53 - 83 78 y 9.55 80 76 6.86 78 73 3.49 74器 71. 78 。74号 十 70, 1.37 74 70 l.04 75. . 71 w .76 : 80 72 43་ '. 79 74- ༣ 148 81 75 1.87 Annual mean, ... . 39.80
amperature, rain, physical aspects, and divering resemblance to Jamaica; its latitude, too,

Page 121
is nearly the same, though, being to thes summer extending from Octoberto April, principal rainy season is from the end of De are frequent at all times, particularly in the
The prevailing winds are from south-east terly # are rare, and usually accompanie by no means common, and generally broken occurrence, and create great devastation, with any decided influence on the health. The March, when, in this climate, the greatest di moisture. They have often been observed to no positive connection has ever been estal teorological phenomena."
The following is the average of the 1846, 1847 and 1850, the two former scientific observer. They are for the le heat is seven or eight degrees highe: positions of the windward aspect of th - B January 1846, . . . . . . . . .. 1847, .......... 1850, . . . . . A cyclone was experienced toward period, passing N. E. to S. W. but om velling from the directions referred to bon. It was accompanied with much
February 1846, ... . . . . . . . . 1847, . . . . . . . . . 1850, . . . . . . . . . . There was a gale also in this mo rain.
March 1846, . . . . . . . . . . 1847, . . . . . . . . . .
· · - 1850, . . . . . . . . . . Beautifully clear weather and gentl
April 1846,.......... 1847, . . . . . . . . . . 1850, . . . . . . . . . . A very fine month: some brilliant - May 1846, ... . . . . . . . . 1847, ... . . . . . . . . 1850, . . . . . . . . . . Weather clear and fine-very little season commenced.*
June 1846, . . . . . . . . . . 1847, . . . . . . . . . . 1850, ..........
These notes of the

07
outhward of the line, the seasons are reversed, and winter during the rest of the year. The cember to the beginning of April, but showers high grounds and vicinity of the mountains,
to south, and from north-east to north. Easil by heavy rain; those from the west are also y long calms. Hurricanes are of frequent much loss of life, but do not appear to exercise principally occur in January, February and agree of heat is combined with the greatest commence about the change of the moon, but blished between their prevalence and any me
observations of three subsequent years, taken by M. Bousquet, a careful and vel of Port Louis, and consequently the r-than at Moka, or the freely exposed. e island.
rometer. Thermometer. 300 07 . . . . . . . . . . 850 40 300 05 . . . . . . . . . . 850 40 2994 .......... 81° 10 - s the latter end of the last mentioned
the northward of the Mauritius, tra), and passing N. W. and W. of Bourrain, and some electric phenomena. 29 92 . . . . . . . . . , 86 75 2999 .......... 83° 00 2998 .......... 830 30 ath with are abundant down-pour of
30° 40 . . . . . . . . . , 86° 50 30° 08 .......... 84° 00 2992 .......... 81° 40
2 showers. 30 07 . . . . . . . . . . 84020 80° 07 .............. 88° 57 30° 06 .......... 800 80 neteors seen.* 80° Ꭸ0 .. .. .. .. .. 82° 75 30 15 .......... 78098 30 12 .......... 78050
rain, and heavy dew at night. Cool
30 20 . . . . . . . . . . 72°80 80Ꮘ l7 .. .. .. .. .. 75Ꭽ 60 30° 19 .......... 75° 70 weather refer to 1847,

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(
A cool, pleasant month, with a mod during those nights in which W. and
V− July 1846,.......... : 1847, . . . . . . . . . . .
1850, . . . . . . . . . . .
Constantly fair with a few passing s. August 1846,... . . . . . . . . . 1847, . . . . . . . . . . . 1850, . . . . . . . . . ... &
Sky rather clouded, and gentle show September 1846,.... .... ... یخ
. 1847, . . . . . . . . . .
1850, . . . . . . . . . . 3 Much rain, wind, squally and variabl October 1846, ........ .. 3
1847, . . . . . . . . . . 3 1850, . . . . . . . . . . 3
Little rain and much drought, wind
November 1846, . . . . . . . . . . 3 1847, . . . . . . . . .. 3 w 1850, . . . . . . . . . . - 8
General drought.
December 1846 3 l847, . . . . . . . . .. 3 1850, . . . . . . . . .. 3 Wind variable, scarcely any rain, and The mean average of the barometel 80° 07; the mean average of the therm tively 80971 and 78°80.
A hurricahe occurred in February from noon to one o'clock of the day of The observations for l850 were cal vatory of Port Louis, and are publish period of 1849 and 1851 in Bolton's M In the column of remarks it is noted t 10 P. M. daily tapon the thermometer in also mentioned in the same place that t was five degrees greater than in the pla and recorded. Y
The mean annual temperature of R Nice 59° 48; of Malta. 6780; of Mac Ceylon 70° 18; of Port Jackson (N. S.

8
rate amount of rain, and heavy dews N. W. winds blew. 0 20 . . . . . . . . . 720 80 0 16 . . . . . . . . . . 74° 27 0 28 . . . . . . . . . . 73°33
OWerS.
0° 26 . . . . . . . . .. 74° 40 0029 . . . . . . . . . . 720 75 0 24 . . . . . . . . . . 73° 06
2rs almost daily. 00 20 . . . . . . . . .. 75 50 0° 22 . . . . . . . . . , 74° 2 Oo 18 . . . . . . . . . . 7400 e, and many meteors seen. 00 l 4. . . . . . . . . . . 80° 7l 0 22 .... . . . . . . 74° 31 00 19 .......... 77° 05
variable-several meteors seen. 0 18 . . . . . . . . . . 82° 10 0օ 16 . . . . . . . . , . 799 03 0° 7 . . . . . . . . . , 80° 06
0° 08 .......... 84° 40 0 08 . . . . . . . . . . 82° 09 0° 06 . . . . . . . . . . 83° 01
a gale passed at a distance. for 1846 was 30° ll and of 1847, ometer for the same years was respec
.850, and was at its greatest height observation. ulated by M. Regnaud, in the obserd in a tabular form, with a broken auritius Almanac for the latter year. hat “the observations were taken at the clock of the observatory.' It is leaverage heat in the town elsewhere, ce where the observations were mad
me is 60° 70; of Naples 61ο 40; of eira a 6496; of the hill districts on V.) 629 89 of Port Philip (N. S. W.)

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59° 58; of Auckland, New Zealand 5. ries 52° 28. Taking the climáte of Mo to be seven or eight degrees lower til perature of the coplest parts of the isl of Malta, and nearly as low as that o The Mauritius must certainly be earth for Europeans, if immunity fron ous diseases of other - countries be ta the drunken and depraved there is no liable there as elsewhere to pay the p those who lead well-regulated lives, an comfort, the chances of prolonged ex in the most favoured regions of the gl The formidable types of Indian f European character. are so mild ast other place in the world in which Brit of those attacked is less than 1 per c European soldiery, from whom the cal it isan indisputable proof of the sing deat in some degree also upon the abs disease too well and fatally known in
Diseases of the lungs are sufficiently exception of consumption, are neither ordinarily prudent. The mildness of the very moderate range of the ther The difference of temperature betw the island enables the invalid, in some pulmonary affections; but it is not, or Lisbon, and some parts of the soutl
afflicted with such maladies.
Dysentery ånd liver disease are amơ the colony, but, so far as I could lear the habits of the soldiery, than to th elevated temperature. Officers and th the war office returns, suffer “but li causes at a corresponding, period of li among the troops from diseases of th voyage from India, and the fine, clima operate, beneficially upon invalids who ferred to, in any part of Hindustan, resorting in preference to the Austral more decided ånd marked effect in res Cholera appears only to have visit
Q.

)9
243; of Ootacamund in the Neighera and the higher parts of the Mauritius an that of. Port Louis, the mean temind will be somewhat higher than that. the hill districts of Ceylon. apmong the healthiest portions of the some of the most severe and dangerten as "an evidence óf salubrity. To. safety in any çlimate, and they are as analty of their folly and vices, but for | are possessed of the means of livingin stence are as great in the Maurititis as pbe. محمد
vers are nearly unknown, and those of be less severe and fatal than in any sh troops are quartered. The mortality ent, and when the réckless, habits of culation is made, is taken into account, ular healthiness of the climate, depenence of most of the causes of a class of (ndia.
frequent in occurrence, but with the very severe nor fatal to those who are the climate, the purity of the air, and nometer satisfactorily account for this." een the windward and leewardsides of 'measure, to choose his own climate in ! the whole, ranked so high as Madeira, of France, as a sanitarium for those
ng the most formidable; bomplaints of in they are more justly attributable to le influence of climate and exposure to Le white civfinhabitants, according ίο. stle from them, the mortality-from all fe not being greater than what occurs e bowels alone.’ Although the sea te of the Mauritius will undpubtedly have suffered from the maladies reI should strongly recommend their ian colònies, which exergise a much oring health in such cases. ed this abode of health twice, and al

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l
though it was milder in character tha it has ever appeared, exhibited not a si and was tractable in treatment if take behind it a most absurd amount of dr tion. The ludicrous and unmanly de any, ship containing, or supposed tó co approaches, the port, is one of the mo ness that I have ever heard of. It sè on the subject-they are alike proof ag in the matter Invalids wishing to vi. ascertain that the ship carries a clean to the discomfort and annoyance of and disagreeable forms.
With the exception of the brainfe and nervous system are not more cc Europe. Hydrophobia is said to be ve dered a disease of climate. Rheumatic: severe and frequent than in India; so tions mentioned above, I consider the restore health from the majority of Ir liable, and for which change of climat It is, on the other hand singularly fi It does not appear to be particularly have not seen - suficient data on the s opinion on this point.
The majority of those with whom I more healthy and vigorous looking the of a return batch of nearly three hun ship with me, there was only one sickl lean and lanky. than positively unhealt Erom a -statement of mortality ami years 1845, 46 and 47, published in ol to have been compiled from official do
. Men 1845. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1288 1846. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 797
l847. . . . . ." ...،......... 530
The number of new immigrants in t as given by the samfe authority, was children. If these numbers represen ber in the island át the time, the m much more adapted for Asiatics than it mentioned, I should not have arrived

0
n in almost any other place in which ngle feature of contagion in its course, n in hand sufficiently early, it has left ad in the minds of the Creole populagree in which this is exhibited when ntain this arch-fiend of Pandora's box, st painful exhibitions of human weak-ems to be useless to reason with them :ainst argument and common humanity sit the colony should be very careful to bill of health, or they will be subjected Juarantihe in one of its most repulsive
ver of drunkards, diseases of the brain mmon than in the healthiest parts of , ry frequent, but can scarcely be consiand other complaints are infinitely less
that upon the whole, with the excep-- Mauritius to be admirably adapted to udian diseases to which Europeans are »is ņecessary. atal, as is Reunion, to the Negro race. unhealthy to Indian labourers, but I ubject to enable me to form a definite
came in contact were robust and much un they are in their own country. Out ired who came up to Calcutta in the y looking individual, and he was more hy. - Ong the Indian immigrants during the . ne of the Mauritius journals, and said cuments, there appear to have died, in
. . Women. Children.
. 127 87 121. 45 75 3
he colony on the lst of January 1848,
43,865 men, 7,355 women, and 3,887° t an approximation to thè whole numortality is, high, and the i climate mot is for Africans. But, as I have already at this conclusion from their physical

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aspect when seen at work on the est as to the nature of the diseases to w to give any decided opinion. It wou of India to call for an exact return of commencement of the introduction o question at rest. w
In 1818, a M. Tiedeman discover racter, on the heights of the Champ In composition and effects it was saic tenham springs.
It appears to have been neglected analysis as given by a Dr. Watson, wc useful in those diseases for which suc If correct, his result is as follows, the chalybeate.
· Carbonate of Magnesia, }
罗为 Lime, ... . . . Chloride of Sodium, . . . . . a s , Magnesium, . . yj s Lime, a 9 s so so Sulphate of Magnesia, . . . . sy Lime, . . . . . . Oxide of Iron, . . . . . . . . . . Silica, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s
Very recently at a meeting of the held on the 15th of January of the p special commission upon the discov Mountain. It is at a distance of Louis, and would seem to have be place under the name of Ruisseau Rio It is easily accessible in carriages que part of the country, dotted with forest trees. V
The source of supply iş represent the locality pure and salubrious, the all the adjuncts necessary to the for racter.
The properties of the water are suc render it a valuable discovery. A without smell, and to have at first a becomes slightly styptic.
The temperature is 71°F. and its the air it retains its transparency.
Q 2

l ll
tes, and in the absence of positive data hich they are liable, it would be wrong ld be well, however, for the Government mortality, with its causes, from the very f Indian labourers, to set so important a
ed a mineral spring, chalybeate in chade Lort, adjoining the Champ de Mars. l to be fully equal to some of the Chel
! óf late years, although its most recent uld shew that it is capable of being very h remedies are suited.
the quantity analysed being a quart of
a s a s s a s p a 8 o 5.50
LLL S LLL SSLLL SLSLS SL SL SL S L S S L L S L S L S L SLSL o P to a s 50.00
0 8 9 6.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.75
a «» om o As as as as s 0 e e o to O 32.00
A a a e s e s a PO 6.25
OB O DO O O O p S S 40A TO 8 ' a R p .75
LSL SLS SSLL S LSL SLL SLLLLLS SLLL SLLLL SLLL L S LL SSSSL0 S SLSS SLSS SLSS SLS SSLL ... l.75
Mauritius Medical Society of Emulation, resent year, a report was presented by a ery of a new mineral spring at Long about two leagues and a half from Port en long known to the inhabitants of the pse.. .
and situated in a pretty and pictures. small low hills covered with fruit and
ed to be tolerably abundant, the air of situation cool and shady, and to possess mation of a sanitarium of superior cha
h, as if correctly reported, will certainly , the spring it is said to be very limpid, ather pleasant taste, which subsequently
specific gravity 1001. When exposed to or some time, and at the end of a few

Page 126
11:
hours precipitates an ochry sediment carbonate of iron held in solution by an
The following is its composition:- Four thousand grammes containing tion by an excess of carbonic acid, ... Chloride of sodium, .... ....'...... calcium, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magnesium, . . . . . . . . . . . . Sulphate of Magnesia, ............. lime, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbonate of magnesia, .............., lime, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Silica, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gummy matter, a trace, . . . . . . . . . . . .
In speaking of Salazie, I have alrea efficacy of its chalybeate waters. Shou, rience prove that the commission have there is no ground for a contrary suppo of attraction and benefit of no mean ma
 

. This was ascertained to be the bi
excess of free carbonic acid gas.
Centigrammes.
oxide of iron held in solu
82,005m. dy referred to the extreme value and ld subsequent observation and expemade no mistake in thermatter, and sition, it will be an additional source. gnitude to invalids from India.
W ူနှီ့နှံ့ শুৱন্ত-স্ব-৩, BEUILLIE

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cEY) It would be unpardonable in a no Hindustan to be found in the Indian O, most accessible, and best known of the fable, the land of pearls and cinnamc and celebrated for centuries in legend Situated within the tropic of Cance North Latitude, a little more than atl one of the most fertile and beautiful i at one time, to have formed an integr which it is separated by but a very bri of imagination be said to belong to In With its geography, history, statisti since all these matters have been ab means of acquiring accurate informatic fitted to do justice to such a task. M memoranda regarding its advantages a and my remarks must be brief, as th the completion of my 'rough notes.”
Regarding the means of reaching yond the fact known to all, that the m Oriental Company visit the port of ( establish a fortnightly communication
 

,0N.,
tice of the Sanitaria for invalids from 2ean, to omit all mention of the nearest, m all-the renowned Lanka of Hindu in, known to Greeks and barbarians, and romance.
between the 5th and 10th parallels of housand miles from Calcutta, is Ceylon, slands in the whole world. Supposed al portion of the vast continent from if interval, it may without much stretch dia. − cs, and politics I have nothing to say, ly discussed by many who had better on than I possessed, and who were more y sole object is to record a few brief s a resort for those in search of health," are remains but little spare space for
Ceylon little need be mentioned beagnificent vessels of the Peninsular and halle every month, and will, ere long, with that place. I have now journeyed

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many times in those floating castles, a in their internal economy and arrange To please every taste is proverbially im or reasonable ground for complaint, an be well adapted to carry invalids in coi The only changes I would recomm passage money to enable persons of s mow denied to them, a result that I a fitable to the liberal company to whic the steam navigation of the eastern wines and spirits, each person payin case of the American Ocean Steamers.
The members of the eat-and-swill vessels are very numerous, and their existing system, which also entails the Matthew paying for the libations of th result is neither pleasant nor profitabl overland route, as it is somewhat facet The chief defect in the construction o department of ventilation, to which it i amount of attention will be paid. Wit whenever the steam is up, there can sur cal difficulty in forcing an abundaut habitable space of the ship.
GALLE, or Point de Galle, as it is m port of Ceylon, and the place of diseml and England. It is situated in Lat, and possesses. a pretty and safe harbou ing vessels of the largest tonnage. somewhat difficult, particularly during but these are so well known, and so e ever, happen. The first view of the foi hills clothed in the most dense aud luxu ly pretty and picturesque.
The landing is generally safe and eas design and construction, or the quaint, ing as if they were scooped out of the by an unsightly, but very efficient outjetty, at the end of which are the cus chief portion of the town is placed wit structure, somewhat out of keeping wi by the bay, yet possessing an air ol characteristic of the famous people tow

4
nd found them as complete and perfect ments, as can be expected or desired. possible. I have not yet seen any just d consider the steamers in question to mfort and safety to their destination.
end are, a diminution in the rates of mall means to partake of advantages m convinced would ultimately be proh is now entrusted the command of seas; and to abolish the supply of g for his own consumption, as in the
family who frequent the saloons of the grog-swig' propensities great under the disadvantage of the disciples of Father he worshippers of the rosy god. The e to the majority of passengers by the iously denominated. f these fine vessels, is in the important is to be hoped that, in future, a larger h the powerful machinery at command ly be no greator insuperable mechanisupply of pure, fresh air, into every
Lost commonly called, is now the chief parkation for all travellers from India 6° 0'59" N. and Long. 80° 17'2" E. r, capable of containing and shelterThe entrance to the bay is rendered the S. W. Monsoon, by sunken rocks, asily avoided, that accidents rarely, if it, town, light-house, and surrounding riant of tropical vegetation is extreme--
y, either in broad boats of European cranky-looking native crafts, appeartrunk of a large tree, and protected rigger. The landing place is a wooden tom-house and its appendages. The hin the fort, a most unsightly Dutch ith the pleasant panorama presented substantial, matter-of-fact solidity, hom it owes its origin.

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The entrance to the fort is through way, immediately in front of which is row, in some places steep, and in all particularly captivating.
The hotels are doubtless convenien to tempt a traveller to prolong his a houses are better, and preferable for their abode in such a pent-up prison.
The ramparts are pretty, and afford a The old Dutch houses, church, and ornamental nor remarkable, the only ing the light-house, a graceful iron st The neighbourhood of Galle is ex - hills by which it is surrounded, some lightful prospects, and are crowned by lows. The best is that of Dr. Garstin an Hibernian corruption of its verr adapted as an intermediate saaitariu. sea air and a moderate change of cl decided depression of the hill stationi constructed, and has attached to it e houses, with an excellent garden, and hill, and from the base to the summit sale at a moderate price, and ought to wish to run down for a brief stay with One of the most pleasant excursion the missionary station at Baddygami consists of a tolerably handsome chur missionaries attached. It is upon the which runs the river, and it command It has been likened to the view fro variegated, and the country covered tion to be seen only in tropical regio) The communication between Galle mail coaches, with flat roofs, open sic very hard unyielding springs. The and reaches Colombo at 4 or 5 in being about 72 miles. The pace is lent. For the greater part of the w with cocoa-nut palms, which here flo appears as if all the members of this migrated from the low land of Ceylon every step and in all directions. T

5
dilapidated, donjon-ish,-arched gatethe guard house. The streets are narclose, crowded, ill-ventilated, and not
t, but dirty and ill-supplied, with little 2quaintance with them. The boarding those compelled, or desirous to take up
in agreeable morning and evening walk. residence for the Governor are neither really striking object in the place beructure of recent origin, S. tremely pretty, particularly the green of which command extensive and der ĉommodious, and comfortable bunga, om the highesthill,called Erinboro by hacular patronymic. It is admirably m for invalids from India, who require imate, without resorting, tot, the more s. The bungalow itself is roomy, well very convenience in the shape of outa good road, both from the fort to the of the elevation. It is, I believe, for be secured for Calcutta denizens who nout visiting the interior. is in the neighbourhood of Galle, is to ma on the Gindura river. The station ch, with schools and residences for the : summit of a lofty hill at the foot of ls one of the finest views in the island. m . Richmond, but is more extensive, with a luxuriance of graceful vegeta
S.
Colombo, and Kandy, is by means of les secured with canvas curtains, and mail starts at gun-fire every morning, the afternoon, the distance traversed , good throughout; and the road excel. ay it. skirts along the sea-shore, lined urish in extreme luxuriance; in fact it elegant oriental family had originally , so numerous and varied are they at here are substantial, apud occasionally

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l
handsome bridges over the very nu portion of the island. In some place sea, they expand into small lakes, th - the dense and brilliant foliage that lin There are several rest houses, as along the road. They are far superio spect to the dawk bungalows, of India. The best of them is said to be at travellers breakfast. It is celebrated mend every one who is not endowed carefully to eschew, as they are extre the genuine, flavour of the Europea bridge at Bentotte is one óf the most, the road; a portion of it had been car. we crossed in a large ferry, boat.neart One of the prettiest places on that Columbo : it has a rest-house, not mu looking wooden bridge over the Kal broad. This is one of the routes by which I regret infinitely having been pilgrimage in March, when it is certah The country between Caltura and th as you advance to Pantura, the next st road was dusty and disagreeable, the cinnamon gardens, which had a negl very different from the popular notior fragrant substance.
Colombois-approached through an the road is, ou either hand, lined wit. out on the Galle face of the fort. This of the place; on it are the race course the right the lake and Slave island, for pect as can be afforded by a city built The Queen's House, public. offices, artiklery, the light-house, public librar fact all structures of importance, are buildings are mean and shabby. The ol of design or execution is concerned, is i The principal hotel at Colombo, wł library and Queen's House, and oecupi it is alarge and tolerably well manage and clean: The bed-rooms are, howev arrangements-not particulàrly well sui

6
merous rivers that water this fertile , before emptying themselves into the banks of which are picturesque from as them to the very water's edge.
the road-side inns are here called, in convenience and every other re
Bentotte, the half-way station, where for oysters, which I strongly recomwith the “ dura messorum ilia” most. mely unwholesome, and have little of variety to recommend them. The substantial and elegant structures on ried away at the time of my visit, and he site of the old bridge.
line is Caltura, about 25 miles from chfrequented, and a very extraordinary ee-Gunga, which is here exceedingly Ratnapoora to Adam's Peak, a place inable to visit, particularly during the nly one of the wonders of the world. e-capital is full of beauty, and improves age, between which and Colombo, the only object of interest being the old ected, parched, unpoetical appearance, Ls associated with the habitat of this
xtended suburb called Colpetty, where n handsome bungalows, until it opens in my estimation is the prettiest view : and stand, to the left the sea, and on ming on the whole as agreeable a proson a level plain. " ^ سی۔ Jarracks for the European corps and 7, medical museum, hospitals, and in placed within the fort. The public tly object worth seeing, as far as beauty he statue of Sir Edward Barnes. ich faces the Post-Office, is near the some of the best positions in the town: destablishment, moderate in charges, }r, close and confined, and the general ed for a tropical climate. ཆ

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The most interesting objects at Co prison, probably the finest institutio and the rooms of the chamber of com imposing looking structure in the ti hospital are highly creditable instituti educated in the Calcutta Medical C country, to find similar establishments
Colombo is a hot, disagreeable plac remain as short a time as possible. and to it a mail coach runs daily, th Galle to the capital. The distance is ofluggage is allowed, all in excess of Y a pound weight. The first part of t except perhaps at the bridge of boats
A little more than half way is An for breaking the fast of travellers; th there. The ground now begins to rise until the Kadooganava Pass is reach ficent memorial of engineering skill, remain of the same kind and charac scene is taken from a small brochure written by a very grave, sober, stead pedagogue. “Here the path winds r in some places there is a perpendicula hundred feet. Fearful as the way is c the other, as the towering hills on yo to fall and crush you in their ruins. of branches to the height of fifty or festooned with jungle creepers. The h becomes, until about the middle of th in all its enchanting splendour. Im ing o'er the rocky beds, threatenin slender bridge on which you stand. unbroken line to a verdant, circular radiating from it as from a centre. mous mountains, some clothed to th others shoot up their bare and rugged bears a striking resemblance to Ar likeness is rendered more complete frc of a head. The whole scene is grand, woods resound with the cooing of th times interrupted by the shrill cry of or the clear, starting whistle of some l
R
『

7
lombo are the cinnamon gardens, the of the kind in the East, the library, merce. The Oriental Bank is the most bwm. The lumatic asylum and pauper ons, both under charge of young men ollege. It would be difficult, in any more skilfully and creditably managed. e, at which I recommeud travellers to Sandy is the next point to be attained, 2 fare being £ 2-10, the same as from also the same. A very small amount. hich is charged at the rate of two pence he road is mot particularly interesting, which is a singular and safe structure. hbapussa, with an excellent rest-house he up and down coaches usually meet and the scenery to change in character ed, the road through which is a magniequal, if not superior, to any Roman iter. The following description of the published at Galle, and supposed to be y, anti-poetical specimen of the genus ound the face of a mountain, so that, ur descent from the road side of many on the one side, it seems equally so on ur left seem to threaten every instant The enormous trees with stems bare sixty feet, are sometimes beautifully igher you ascend the grander the view e pass where the scene may be viewed petuous mountain streams rush flowg every instant to sweep away the in front the mountain descends in one plain, enclosed on every side by hills These lesser hills are backed by enorair summits with virgin forests, while tops above the trees. One of the hills hur’s seat, near Edinburgh, and the m its being surmounted by the figure and at. the same time pleasing, as the wild doves, their notes being somethe beautifully-plumed wood-pecker, arge hawk.”

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The above, far from being exagger, beauty and grandeur of the scene, of v any clear or accurate impression withou At the top of the pass is a Tuscan pi sightly urn, forming a monument to th Royal Engineers, the officer by whom the proudest testimony of his skill and Within a short distance from Kandy gular bridge of Satin wood, spanning the Ceylon rivers. It is nearly as r Pisa, yet seems tolerably firm and ste bed of the stream, when I crossed it ir I can imagine it to be a very grand, roa or twice, I was told, risen very nearly
A little beyond the Peradenia Bridge same name, covering a large space of g. It contains many rare and beautifu vegetation of this prolific island, and is visit. Most of the plants are identifi to all who visit such places.
The approach to Kandy from this although, with the exception of the P. and relics, there are few striking buildi The cool, refreshing atmosphere tha dust of the road is left behind, is sing lower part of the island.
KANDY the capital of the central p Governor, is situated in a beautiful a level of the sea. It is surrounded by and from the elevated points in its vicin ing valleys may be obtained. There a place, which are more remarkable for claims of their own to beauty. The t old hall of audience converted into a p pied as his private residence by the retreat on the lake, now used as a ma. ferred to.
The finest building in the place, and remarkable for the meanness and insigr pavilion built by Sir Edward Barnes. out and cultivated as a garden, and fro. forms a picturesque object.
The house is of a brilliant white colo

ated, gives a very faint idea, of the rhich it is quite impossible to convey Lt the aid of the pencil. llar and pedestal, crowned by an une memory of Captain Dawson of the. the road was planned and cut--itself perseverance.
which is now at hand, is a very sinthe Mahawelli Gunga, the largest of nuch aslant as the leaning tower of ady. There was little water in the February and March, but when full, ring, irresistible cataract. It has once io the level of the bridge.
is the botanical garden bearing the round, and kept in excellent order. l specimens of the singularly varied well deserving of more than a single ed and labelled, a great convenience
side is certainly pretty and pleasing, avilion, and the old Cingalese temple ngs in it. --
it greets the traveller as soon as the ularly grateful after the heat of the
rovince and country-residence of the nd fertile valley 1467 feet above the picturesque hills in every direction, ity, magnificent views of the surrounde curious old native buildings in the
historical associations, than for any emple containing Budda's tooth, the olice court, the ancient palace occugovernment agent, and the summer gazine, are the chief of the relics re
indeed in the whole island, which is tificance of its public edifices, is the It is well placed in a small park laid m most of the heights in its vicinity
ur, and constructed somewhat in the

Page 133
Anglo-oriental style of architecture, w it is a lofty-hill, along the side of wh been scarped, broad enough for a carr dients as to be surmounted without th Horton's walk, and from different poi the Mahawelli-Gunga winding throug Doombera valley, with the Kunckles tance, until on returning to the pavili is seen lying in the hollow.
There are two hotels at Kandy, of House, facing the green, with the lak ceedingly good establishment for Bac for ladies. The public library, whicl lake, opposite the temple, is also an in the bestowal of its privileges.
The principal ride and drive is arou good, broad, even road, and on the lo' parapet, with a shaded walk for foot p House rent and servants are dear at gle equipments of áll kinds are proc reunion for the planters scattered th of the Oriental Bank established ther like all the offshoots of that substanti be of the greatest use to travellers a any large amount of money about the
From its height above the level pf to 1670 feet, the latter probably the corresponding diminution of temperat variation in the range of heat, and a by frequent fogs. It rains more or le fall being heaviest at the beginning o The following table of the tempera years noted, is from the late Inspect the Medical Typography of the island
R 2

19
th verandahs and colonnades. Behind ch to near its summit a fine road has age to pass up, and so easy in its grae smallest difficulty. It is called Lady its of it striking views are obtained of the deep, densely wooded, magnificent ind various other lofty hills in the dison face of the hill, Kandy with its lake
which the best is Albert's Boarding e to its right hand side. It is an exhelors, but has scanty abcommodation
is placed on the very margin of the
excellent institution, and most liberal
nd the lake, which is surrounded by a wer side is protected by a massive stone assengers. Kandy, the bazaris well supplied, junsurable, and it is the central point of roughout the province. The branch 2, is a very convenient institution, and
al corporation, is so well managed as to
ind others who are unwilling to carry country with them. T
she sea, variously given as from 1467 most correct estimate, Kandy enjoysa
ure, but is liable to considerable local :
, the close of each monsoon is visited 'ss during every month of the year, the f the monsoons. Y.
ture and fall of rain during the three or General Henry Marshall's work on

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12
Highest ... Lowest Temperature. Temperature.
Months. - . . 1817|1818,1819,1817, 1818 1819
汗ー ܚ
January, ... 808080 6760 53. February,..., 80 81 84 68.62 57 March, ....... 80 82 87 68 61 53
April, ......... 8384 || 87 || 69 || 64 || 63 May,........... 84 84 84 70 63 67 June, .......... 79 83 83 || 67 70. 68 July,........... 78 82 81 70 66 68 August,...... 80 81 84 67, 68.68
September, 81 80 84 67 69 68. October,..., 78 78 83 68 68 65
November, 78 80 82 67 63 61 December 80 80 82 | 68 61 64
The sun during the day-time is occas: and evenings are always cool and pleas: the gorges of the hills surrounding the Fever and dysentery are the most which it is liable, and are most probably in the lower part of the valley, which i great variation of temperature is also in is well drained by the lake, and the res face of the steep hill skirting it are ple: however, I am not disposed to recomme dy to the victims of fever and hepatic d From Kandy the next change is to a rise viz. from 1676 to 6200 feet, the Ellia. This station is 47 miles to the ing forra great part of the way through intersected by numerous streams, runnin
There are two modes of approach to lent road, through the stupendous pass less accessible, but nearly as pictures district and across the Maturata valle above the whole island.

greatest varia. Fall of raini 番 o2 tion in 24 || || Palam n |
hours. تعہ 罗、 ińches. 其郎
羲篮 3 .日 .日 i.
• 31 .王梁 1817181s/1819 181sis191820 E di
O . . . 受ア| 图
b. - V t 9 15 19 14 2, 1 10 4. 9 || 15 || 22 || 15 || 1 ||. 3 | 1규 11 || 19 || 17 || 16 || 44|| 8\ 4 || 5 10 || 20 || 18 || 16.|| 511규 7|| 8 ll 21 15 16 6 5 4 11 || 11 || 15 || 12 || 6 214|| 7
7 || 12 || 2 || 10 || 910 6 9. 9 12 15 12 68, 44 10 10 15 12 78 5, 7 9 || . 9 || 15 || 11 ||15 6 910 11 || 11 || 20 || 14 || 9| 7 4 7 10 || 17 || 17 || 15 || 6181212 Total,........... ......||74848782\,
ionally oppressive, but the mornings ant, from the breeze blowing through valley. - preyalent and intractable diseases to
• chiefly due to the malaria disengaged s still in some degree a swamp: the jurious. The upper part of the valley idences upon its border and along the sant and healthy. Upon the whole, nd any lengthened sojourn in Kanisease from India. much higher level, with a very rapid : level of the table-land of Newera Iouth west of Kandy, the road winda bold, mountainous tract of country, g through deep and picturesque vallies. he sanitarium, the one by an excelat Rambodde; the other by a much ue a route through the Hewahetti y, behind the great hill that towers

Page 135
The former is the route preferred.l as it is practicable for wheel carriage to refresh, recruit, or remain a day at The latter is for a great part of trace as I believe it is technically times to discover any trace at all, a scramble up and down the stony apol for bipeds and quadrupeds, yet might be made more accessible.
The chief roadts-first to the Perad left to Gampola, passing through reaches Gampola, where is the worst crossing a pretty ferry, the road begi picturesque at every step, until afte baggé, the station of Pusilava is re. and has two rest-houses, one extreme
It is in an excellent intermediate afraid at once to face the very low te: of the finest coffee estates in the islan lava, the road passing through the ve A little beyond Pusilava at Helbod the traveller comes upon the Kotn unrivalled panorama ofundulating su tributary streams, rushing down the until they form a grand basin, in th rapid stream, which ultimately empti The road to Newera Ellia continu mountains until it reaches Rambodd at once rises between three and four mity are splendid waterfalls, the sic level, their summits crowned with g house another, and, if possible, still valley is obtained.
I walked down the pass on my ret to be nearly thirteen miles in length be one foot in twelve or thirteen, an and the deep, precipitous valleys or falls run under perilous looking stor pet, and in the season of the rains, til ingit a service of no slight danger an the length of the way is shortened b ly from one level to another, instead carrying the baggage selected seve

21
y all sober, sedate, or sickly travellers, s, and has three excellent rest-houses, , if necessary.
the way along a mountain. track, or termed, in which it is very difficult at ld in other places is no easy matter to ogies for a path. It is only practicable easily and at comparatively small cost
enia bridge where it branches off to the fiat, uninteresting country, until it supplied rest-house I fell in with. After ns gradually to rise, and to become more r surmounting the steep, pass of Atta ached, which is 3000 feet above the sea, ly good, clean, and well supplied. climate, well adapted for those who are mperature of the higher regions. Some ld are in the immediate vicinity of Pusiry centre of the cultivation: de, the ground still continuing to rise, ialé valley, stretched out in an almost urface, watered by a multitude of small 2 sides of the neighbouring mountains. te centre of which they unite in a deep, es itself into the Mahawelli-gunga. es to wind round the steep sides of the e, the foot of the stupendous pass, which r thousand feet. Near its lower extreles of some of the precipitous rocks are igantic forest trees, and from the restmore charming view of the Kotmalé
urn from the Sanitarium, and found it . The inclination of the road is said to d it is bounded by the hill on one side, the other. In some places the watere causeways, without a protecting paraey thunder across the road itself, renderd difficulty to cross them. In descending, 7 small, steep foot-paths running directof winding round the hill. The coolies ral of these, and I also tried them, but

Page 136
12
found them too precipitous and slipper tance being lost in time. I had dismoul pass, and left him with the syce to brin short cuts, and tumbled, pony and all, derful to say without "sustaining muc scramble up again. I know not. He dic until three in the afternoon, when Eh him again, several wayfarers having to at the foot of the pass.
The other road is in altogether anoth border of, and behind the hills skirting hour before daybreak on Tuesday the light of the moon, a coolie running bef For the first ten miles there was a very the sides of the hills, with the wild str over a rocky bottom at their base.
The cool, fresh air of the morning, and the ever-varying scenery, broken a roar of the stream as it forced its way ( were singularly pleasing. The distan mist, which gradually cleared away as with the most gorgeous tints.
The sides of the hills in many places broad steps, on which paddy was so mountain rills. When green they giv to the sides of the mountains, contrast above and around them.
The road ends in a bridle path, whicl forest, becomes rough, uneven, and at s the Mahawelli-Gunga at a pretty and
at the time I crossed it.
The water was clear, cold, and spa bounding the ford. .
On the other bank I found a sturdy is the remembrance of the smart can destination, scrambling up steep asce over ugly looking rocks of all dimensio. than I could have managed on foot, the path was a gentle undulation alo slope of a high hill. On a'südden wł bolted sharp round a corner, and amids accompaniments of a well stocked farm of the old bungalow at Rathoongodde.

2
r to be pleasant, what I gained in disated from my pony at the head of the g after me. He attempted the same lown a horrible looking chasm-wonh damage. How they managed to | not make his appearance at Pusilava ad nearly given up all hope of seeing ld me that my pony was lying dead
ler direction, passing along the lower the lake. I started from Kandy an 28th of January, 1851, by the bright ore me with my carpetbag on his head. fair road winding up and down along eam of the Mahawelli-gunga roaring
with the silent solitude of all around, it intervals by the sullen and stunning. over some unusually rocky obstruction, thill-tops were capped with a dense the sun rose, gilding the landscape
were cut into terraces or ledges, like wn, and plentifully watered by the } a singularly bright velvet appearance ing . beautifully with the dark foliage
h, after running through a small belt of Óme places precipitous, untilit rèaches picturesque ford, about two feet deep
rkling, falling over a ledge of rocks
galloway awaiting me. Very pleasant ter at which old Tom took me to my nts as nimbly as a goat, descending is with far more ease and nonchalance ` and making à bold rush wherever ng a hollow, or- tolerably level om the len I was in no wise expecting it, he it the barking of dogs and all the vocal yard, deposited me safely at the door

Page 137
Here I was first initiated into the and drying by Mr. Clerihew's new, i I also witnessed the curious bug whi a smoky, dingy, dark, and dead appe: from the sootiest recess of an unswept of management of a well regulated eo The park-like appearance of a porti beautiful, and varied effects of light hills, through the woods, and down pleasant and exhilarating oecupation.
The waterfalls and water-courses and the little variation of temperatur an elasticity of feeling, unknown to great plain of Hindustan.
Rathoongodde is elevated 3916 fee to me to enjoy the very perfection suited to the relaxed frame of an Int ranges of the Kandian province.
The following table of meteorologi hew during 1850, and shows how very spheric influences, upon which so muc depends.
A curious phenomenon connected the place is, that no amount of damp, with the dense, pure vapours that rc mould.
°C$ s$ 闾
ミ選養** ミ
Y_ 蓄ミ。ミ |་
1850. སྤྱི་རྗེསྤྱི་
ਪੈ।
SS S~ S | NS St.
ミ下" |ミ下""|ミ
January, 59.5 67.3 February, . 62.2 70.1 March, 63.3 70.3 April, . ᏮᏎ.9 | 70.Ꮞ aly, . 647 73.3 June, . 65.1 71.7
July, . . 65.8 74.5
August, . . 65.0 75.5 September, 63.9 73.0 October, Ꮾ8.1 | 7Ꮞ.Ꮾ November, . . . 62.3 70.9 December, . . . . . 59.8 6l.l
Annual Mean, ............... 63.3 71.06

23
mysteries of coffee growing, picking, ngenious, simple, and efficient process. 2h for a time blights the plant, giving it rance, as if it had very recently emerged London chimney. The other details fee estate, are also to be seen there. on of the scenery, with the singularly and shade, rendered a ramble on the l the dales, always and at all hours a
with the most delightful of cold baths, e during the twenty-four hours caused the enervated frames of dwellers on the
t above the level of the sea, and appears of a mild, intermediate climate, better dian invalid than the higher or lower
Cal observations was kept by Mr. Clerifavored this fair region is by the atmoh of health and its consequent happiness
with the hygrometric state of the air of and the atmosphere is frequently filled oll through the valley, causes mildew or
స్త్రీ హై స్థపై క్ష|'s | స్టీ | స్ట్ | క్షీక్షా |総選リミ選| ミミ | * | ミ |*ミ 海葵蓉|蕊漆、漆| 接漆 |容 戟 s$
S is SS SS s
šŠŠŠÈ|| || || Š š Ş ミ ミ|深ミ|深ミ| 選s | ミミ 毒 SSS S| ğ SR W క్ష PS "s S šoš དེ་" གྱི་ངེས་ཀྱིས། " " | སྒྲི ༤| སྒྲི ༤ ཁྲི་
Ꮾ5.8 | 74Ꮅ | 58Ꮙ| 2Ꮾ.054 | 21 68.0 75 59 25.879 13 68.5 74 62 25,874 21 68.8 74 63 25.825 12 Ꮾ9 .Ꮾ | 75 | Ꮾ8 | 25.818 | 28 69. 76 - 63 25.804 6 70.1 78 64 25.8l4, 27 69.5 85 63 25.835 16 68.7 80 62 25.884 16 68.6 79 60 25.844 18 . 67.4 79 58 25.866 12 65.5 72 55 25.949 19
4.
68.2676.560.4, 25.8705 214 122
2
o

Page 138
The thermometer stood above 7997 indications of the barometer are but sl The difference between the largest It would naturally be supposed tha would be productive of much disease this appeared to be the case only witl to drinking hard.'
The greatest drawbacks to this ret nature of the supplies procurable, an unsightly shanties in which the plant There is no good pasturage for catt stations bread and vegetables are scarc island afford the most violent exercise This state of things might, with remedied. Everything is so entirely kitchen gardens are almost universall The good taste and scientific skill of godde the model estate of the island. of drying coffee, he has constructed, c found on the spot, the prettiest and which I am able, through his kindnes sentment.
Added tó it is every convenience orchard, and every adjunct requisite ti
The next estate to Rathoongodde Patulia, which is easy of access, and m of a lofty precipice overhanging the va
 

24
only three times during the year. The htly influenced either by wind or rain. nd the shortest day is about one hour.
the exposed lives led by the planters mong them, but so far as I could learn those who, not liking soft water, take
red life are the scantiness and inferior l in many cases the damp, comfortless, rs shelter themselves. ܚ e, and except in the vicinity of the large 2. The ordinary beef and mutton of the for the teeth that I everexperienced. but any very extravagant outlay, be sacrificed to coffee, that orchards and r neglected.
Mr. Clerihew have rendered RathoonIndependent of his improved method hiefly, if not entirely, out of materials most picturesque of Swiss' cottages, of is, to produce here the counterfeit pre
for a complete farm yard with garden,
render it a classical retreat.
in the Maturata direction is that of st romantically situated on the brink
еу.

Page 139
1:
From this I started at mid-day of th very beau, ideal of the most accompli with the tastes and pursuits of a scho of a pioneer of civilization. The first but on descending the great valley, the ed me to such an extent, as to cause a ed me before we reached our retrea inaccessible height, and the very atten so painful, that I was obliged to lied with, and relieve my troubled spirit astonished coolie to believe that I was We slept at a small planter's cab Newera Ellia, the road for the greater path, ending in the rough outline of Y a road. The forest was full of wild ( recent traces of many of them, but in gularly still and silent. The sun ne where damp, gloom, and solitude reign upon a plain, and after walking a mile reached our destination at one o'clock
The sun was powerful, and the gla the dark forest, but beyond being f damage from the trip. To my tried mere morning walk, so fresh and undist House.
Newera Ellia, the chief Sanitarium. ed by a shooting party in 1828, during This energetic officer visited the spoth. was struck with its peculiar appeara determined to-convert it into a conval the Ceylon command.
It was at that time apparently uninl of the surrounding country for the pur) proachable by elephant tracks, and a n -hence the lateness of its discovery, : the Kandian province.
It lies on a plateau of table-land 62 rounded by lofty hills, of which the chi the sea, over-topping all the other mou renowned place of pilgrimage, long su island, is only 7,420 feet in elevatio) at its nearest point-the ocean being clear day, but this is rather rare to fi
8

2nd of February with mine host, the hed and excellent of backs-Woodmen, ir united to the hardihood and daring part of the trip was pleasant enough, fierce blaze of the unshaded-sun affectviolent palpitation that nearly expend, Every small elevation seemed an pt to expand the chest became at last wn upon the first large stone I fell in with a series of groans which led the . about to give up the ghost. n, and started the next morning for art of the way being a mere elephant that was subsequently intended to be lephants, and we came upon the most
all other respects the woods were sin
ver penetrates to their deep recesses, undisturbed. At length we emerged or two along a path cut in a peat soil, in the afternoon. - re painful after the subdued light of oot-sore, and fatigued, I suffered no and trained companion it appeared a ;urbed was he when we gained the Rest
of Ceylon, was accidentally discoverthe government of Sir Edward Barnes. imself shortly after it was made known, nce and diminished temperature, and scent station for the sick soldiery in
abited, and frequented by the natives pose of elk hunting. It was only aparrow path formed by the elk hunters fter the conquest and occupation of
)0 feet above the level of the sea, sur*f, Pedro Tallagalla is 8280 feet above ntains around it. Adam's Peak, the pposed to be the highest point of the i. Pedro is fifty miles from the sea
visible from its summit on a very hd, as the valleys and crests of the

Page 140
12
lower hills are constantly wreathed looking mist, and the intermediate a vapour, that usually bounds the area. o. compass. The plain, as it is not very unequal portions by a low ridge of hill. larger division is said to be about 2 breadth, and through it runs a river the neighbouring mountains. At its l swamp, from which the valley is frequ vapour is dissipated by the meridians a lake, a proceeding that would be of much to its healthiness and beauty. I or difficulty, would be a profitable sour the detachment quartered there, and a come to the number of drunken, idle F ning to congregate at the place. It land, cause greater uniformity of ter in every point of view, be a work that runs through it, is one of the Gunga.
. The smaller division of the table-lan undulating hillocks, and traversed by a racks, officers' quarters, magistrate's store, and a very neat little Gothic finest and prettiest specimen of that or East.
There is still a third and smallers tirely barren and waste, with a soil of Ellia from the Elephant Plains is thro red-flowered rhododendron alone appe
The soil of Newera Ellia is said suited for all sorts of European vegetab perate climates. In the gardens of th rose, dahilia, mignionette, heart’s eas raspberries are also abundant, but the the former never ripens, and the latter and little variation in season seem to tion of many varieties of European p cumstances appear to be well adapted.
There used to be, and probably are excellent and contains quarters for lad little provision is usually made in the and, considering all things, the supplies

6
in the most spotless of flocculent r is charged with a fine impenetrable vision within a comparatively narrow correctly termed, is divided into two running from S. W. to N. East. The miles in length, and 3 of a mile in formed by numerous streamlets from owest point it forms a species of semiently filled with a dense fog, until the un. It was here proposed to excavate infinite service to the station, and add t would not be a work of great cost ce of employment to the soldiers of so give occupation for some time to Juropean invalids, who are now beginwould drain the whole of the tablenperature in the station, and would, of great public utility. The river principal feeders of the Mahawelli
d is a considerable ravine, bounded by good road. In it are placed the bari cutcherry, post-office, commissariat church, the interior of which is the der, which I have fallen in with in the
ubdivision of the plateau, which is enblack peat. The approach to Newera ugh this barren desert, in which the ars to flourish.
to be extremely fertile, and to be well les, cereals, and other products of temestation may be seen every variety of e, and excellent strawberries. Wild peach and the cherry do not flourishseldom blossoms. The constant rains be prejudicial to the successful cultivalants, for which the soil and other cir
still, two Rest Houses, one of which is ies, a portion of the creation for whom island. The charges were moderate, were good. The dearest thing through

Page 141
out the colony is human labour, a procurable.
During the time of my stay, with was pleasant, but must be somewhat in the morning the ground was cover ter sunrise the temperature rose consi luminary were unpleasantly warm, w in the shade.
The evenings were extremely chilly, wood fire a necessity. The mean ann 6 A. M.-63 at Noon-60, at 6 P.
to the sun's rays. I found it almost a plunge in one of the small natural b. behind the rest house, was a serious vigorating, once the plaguy plunge ha The wet weather at Newera Ellial: with the S. W. Monsoon that blows possible to imagine anything more dre: thorough day of rain under the lee of vive a prolonged continuance of it, wa der of the year the sky is generaliy of lofty hills by which it is surroun from rain, dews, and heavy mists. .
From its elevation it labours und climates, with their diminished atmos gorating, and beneficial in removing t plains of Hindustan. It produces a upon the spirits, renders active exercis and with the improvement of digestic dent upon it for their proper exerci on the general health. V
According to Dr. Beatson, who wa years, the diseases most likely to bene “ functional derangements of the gast tems, unaccompanied by organic les affections; debility arising from tediou the tropics; and almost all the disease Children in all circumstances thrive as strong, healthy, robust, and vigorot To those who have recovered health active existence in the open air, Ne immediate vicinity elk hunting and
s 2

27
d little of this that is worth having is
the exception of two days, the weather rying to the weak and delicate. Early d with crisp, sparkling hoar-frost. Af. derably, and the direct rays of the great hile it was cool, by contrast even cold,
and rendered a bright, blazing, cheerful ual temperature is said to be 53° F. at M. The thermometer never rises above ults at any season from free exposure impossible to keep warm at night, and aths excavated by the river in its course trial to the nerves, yet withal, most ind been taken. sts from May to December, and sets in up the Bay of Bengal. It is scarcely, ary, gloomy, and suicidal-looking than a Pedro. How the regular residents suras a puzzle to me. During the remainclear and cloudless, but from the chain ded, the place is never altogether free
er the same disadvantages as most hill pheric pressure, yet it is bracing, invihe effects of disease contracted in the
peculiar stimulant, exhilarating effect e in the open air a species of necessity, on, and the important functions depense, exerts a most beneficial influence
is in charge of the Sanitarium for three fit by a residence at Newera Ellia are ric, hepatic, enteritic, and nervous sysion; fevers uncomplicated with local s convalescence, or long residence within es of children.”
there more than adults, and grow up us as in Europe. w , and are able to enjoy field sports and wera Elia is an admirable spot. In its . elephant shooting, may be thoroughly

Page 142
2.
enjoyed, while smaller game abound Pedro alone affords ample scope for c with a never-ending interest in the points towards its summit. The patl for ponies. By foot passengers it may out much-fatigue in a couple of hours, the half of that time. The summit is of cairn of rough hewn stones, with a the straight boughs of trees. Adam magnificent primeval forests are seen i side of Dimbolah. The whole sweep O clear day, and it would be difficult, It anything more striking and beautiful.
The sides of Pedro are densely c. dendron arboreum is found at the very Beyond the table-land, and easy of ac the Ouda Pusilava range of hills-Wils an extensive view of the low Bintenne c. superior to the higher order of quadrar The planters in every direction are obliging to strangers; while the wan with the occasional difficulties to be su: contrasts to the unvarying, dull, listles I should strongly advise every trave the hills to purchase stout, serviceable, where they are generally to be had at this line was not very satisfactory, as b with me, fortunately without much d fault, as the sacrifice of a few additional any such catastrophe. There is no diff ing the country, and at little loss, if th The wonderful instinct and certainty. W and down declivities covered with mis-s) and occasionally crossed by the trunk is surprising to those who have long be level country. Until a little experie nervous matter to canter along a bri huge hill, with a precipitous descent of an impenetrable jungle at the base, the who makes a false step. The long, patnas-as the naked ridges are call rock that render the path nearly imp near St, Margaret's, the planters with

3
in every direction. The ascent of onstant and severe exercise, combined magnificent views obtained at various is clear, and usually practicable even be accomplished leisurely, and withthe return occupying not more than nearly bare, and covered by a species n extemporaneous flag-staff formed by 's Peak appears at hand, and the most nevery direction, particularly on the f the Maturata valley is scanned on a . hink, to find in any part of the world
thed with vegetation, and the rhodosummit. 2ess, are the Elephant Plains, leading to on's Plains-the Badula district-and ountry, inhabited by a wild race, little mana in intelligence and civilization. } kind-hearted, hospitable, and most dering about among these wild hills, rmounted, is the most delightful of all s life of the plains of India. ller who intends to make any stay in sure-footed ponies or mules at Kandy, a reasonable cost. My experience in oth the purchases I made came down amage; but it was entirely my own rupees would have secured me against iculty in effecting a re-sale when leave original purchase has been judicious. rith which these animals scramble up hapen stones of formidable dimensions, of some prostrate giant of the forests, en accustomed to smooth roads and a nce instils confidence, it is rather a dle path scarped out of the side of a awful depth into a roaring stream, or sure receptacle of the unlucky wight smooth, lemon grass that covers the 2d-frequently cover large masses of racticable. I remember in one place, whom I was journeying dismounted,

Page 143
and sent their ponies on ahead at a a short time previously nearly lost was compelled to become my own p until then had been-borne by the hori the unaccustomed burthen, I suddenl, rocks, and fairly rolled down the side ants' nests, full of horrid looking in sized wasp. I was brought up sudden of a rhododendron, and found myself, seated disconsolately upon the unluck so sudden and noiseless, that my con until my fall, like Phaeton's, had b hour of most fatiguing exertion to r minutes.
The greatest annoyance attendant is the presence, in countless myria. penetrating land leech. I never mad ferocious, sanguinary monsters, inferi toe, fabled by arctic travellers to bi boot.
In a quiescent state, these plague juvenile specimen of the ordinary mec vity, and determined hostility to man civilized prototypes. They hop along pend themselves from leaves and bra the red-blooded objects of their ani out nearly as fine as a hair or a threa stocking, or a woollen garment, and n and-all that's nice' to induce them effectual protection against them is the best means of dissolving their ur them with brandy, salt, lime juice, not advisable to dislodge them forci table wounds, which in persons of bal midable ulcers, causing destruction damp, grassy, jungly situations, but e. tains. Pedro and Newera Ellia are incursions.
Ceylon abounds in most of the an centipedes, ants of infinite variety an most destructive of them all, the white en spiders, ticks, scorpions, et id gen in myriads. **

29
angerous spot where one of them had his life. As soon as we dismounted, I rter, and carry the carpet bag which e-keeper. While toiling along under stumbled against one of these hidden of the hill, carrying away one or two habitants nearly as long as an ordinary ly near the foot of the hill by the trunk in an immeasurably short space of time, y carpet bag. The whole disaster was panions did not perceive my absence een accomplished. It took nearly an 2cover the ground lost in two or three
upon wandering in the Ceylon woods, ls, of a most active, persevering, and 2 the acquaintance of such determined, or only to the polar variety of mosquie able to bite through the sole of a
s are small, brown, and not unlike a licinal variety, but in sprightliness, actiand animals, they are far beyond their the ground like grasshoppers, or susnches of trees, to assault at all points mosity. They can stretch themselves l to wriggle through the meshes of a eed no coaxing with “sugar, and spice, to bite in the right place. The most the leech gaiter worn by planters, and holy alliance with the skin, is to touch acids generally, or earth oil. It is bly, as they are then apt to cause irriconstitution may degenerate into forboth of life and limb. They delight in chew the cold tops of the higher mounfortunately beyond the range of their
oyances of tropical climates. Snakes, l huge dimensions, with the worst and ant, cockroaches, mosquitoes, mis-shapis omne of domestic monster are found
' "ك5:ت. . :ع.

Page 144
3.
The botany, geology, and natural h interesting and will afford a perpetual to those given to such pursuits. They brief sketch, yet will forcibly strike a many names and ancient historical aSSO

)
istory of this famous island are most source of amusement and occupation are beyond the province of my very ll who wander through this land of ciations.

Page 145
NoTE ON INDIAN LA
Since my return to Bengal, I have seen oc ing the condition of Indian coolies in the isl very erroneous opinions are generally enter unjust towards the French authorities, but against facilities being afforded to the fre surplus population of Hindustan, to an int required, and where the results of their intr to themselves.
Be that, however, as it may, it appears to cions to pervade the public mind, which II Although I made no attempt to acquire poli did not deem it a breach of hospitality to no ever they fell in my way. Most persons wit in their communications, and to one of ther Government ordinances regarding the immi or regarding which the authorities could not inquisition necessary.
The climate of Bourbon, although probal whole world for Europeans, is extremely pr with their confirmed and inveterate habits of of slavery, caused the French authorities ma and China for the future supply of labour. tion was regarded by many as a certain resu was felt, lest the Colony should thus be entire burthen, to the mother-country, except as Madagascar.
 

3OURERS IN RE UNION,
casional statements in the public prints respectand of Reunion, which led me to believe that tained upon the subject. These are not only
are calculated to create a strong prejudice e exportation of a larger portion of the vast eresting colony, in which their labour is much oduction must as certainly be of great benefit
me to be wrong to permit any unjust suspiam able from personal observation to remove. tical information in the island of Reunion, I te the condition of the Indian labourers whenh whom I conversed were free and unreserved n I am indebted for copies of several of the grants. Indeed there was nothing to conceal, have courted the strictest enquiry, were any
ly one of the finest and most healthy in the ejudicial to the Negro race. This, combined drunkenness and profligacy, when in a state ny years since to turn their attention to India The entire extinction of the African populalt of the lapse of time, and the utmost anxiety ly ruined, and rendered utterly useless, if not a a Sanitarium for the unhealthy stations in

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13
A few Indian servants and Chinese must trading to and from Asia, very many years proper treatment, as well as for their deportat useless, or a burthen to the Colony.
I have not been able to learn the precise from the Coromandel coast regularly comme the publication of an able and very elaborate ment of Charles the Xth, by a Mons. Tho this work was pointed out, and proved by elab years, the rapid decadence of the slave popula on a country of which not more than a fifth p. cultivation, in its most prosperous periods.
In July 1829, in the Bulletin des Acts ad Act relative to Indian and Chinese labourers, Asia.
In the preamble to the act, reference is mad and to a local act of the 18th January 1826, t servants under personal engagement to an inh sidence) their masters being compelled to ent furnish the funds to cover the expenses wh Colony might occasion. It also alludes to th from the Colony, and for preventing those wit guarantee for following some profession or eng admission to it.
This act contained the following provisions, Compelling all persons residing in Bourbon persons from Asia, to produce their contract or appointed by the act in question.
Ruling that all such labourers and their employers and that their daily food should con
80 décagrammes of rice. 12 décagrammes of dried legumes or And 15th grammes of salt when supplied wit of other nutritious substances.
A change of diet could only be effected, by the consent of the labourers, upon being ma for a departure from the first mentioned scale. The head of the family was never to receive Every employer of Asiatic labourers was bol in sickness, the maintenance of the infirm, an native country, and to make certain specified those objects.
No deductions from wages were allowed to port of the labourers to the Colony.
The Commission was to sit at St. Denis, a merchants, nominated by the Government, an A*Commissaire de l'Administration' inten tector of Immigrants, was also nominated fi Colony.
* The décagramme is equivalent t The gramme is equal to nearly

2
ave found their way to Bourbon, in vessels tgo, and provision was early made for their on in the event of their becoming dangerous,
beriod at which the importation of coolies nced. I believe that it was shortly after statistical report furnished to the Governmas, and published in Paris in 1826. En orate calculations extending over a series of tion, and the ruinous effects produced by it. rt of the soil had ever been brought under
ministratifs de L' Ile Bourbon appeared an or other individuals of the free population of
e to a royal ordinance of August 21st, 1825, he latter showing the terms on which Indian abitant, may obtain a limited permit (of reer on the police register an engagement to ich the removal of their servants from the 2 authority for removing dangerous persons hout the means of existence, and without a gaging in some lucrative occupation, gaining
viz. :- who brought Indian, Chinese, or other free engagement with them, before a Commission
families should be maintained by their sist of,
salt fish. h fresh vegetables, or an equivalent amount
proof being afforded to the Commission of le acquainted with the reason or necessity
lower wages than ten francs a month. - nd to provide for their medical attendance | the means of sending them back to their deductions from their wages to accomplish
pe made on account of the cost of the trans
ld to consist of four landed proprietors or
of the Government Notary.
sed to be equivalent, I imagine, to our Pro
om - among the public functionaries of the
not quite 154 grains Avoirdupois. 5. English grains.

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All the offices were honorary, The Commission chose its own President tary, as well as fixed the amount of his salau
Three formed a quorum for business. The “ Commissaire de l’Administration” w of the decree, and was the active officer of when he deemed it necessary, and offering interest, &c.
He reported to the Director General of th The Secretary kept a general register of - them and their families were recorded.
The Secretary reported immediately on its to the Vice-president, every ease that requi The ordinary meetings of the Commissio President or Vice-president could summon e The Commission corresponded through th Interior, or any other public functionary wi The Commission were to ascertain if the c who entered into the engagement were in a When the Commission found a contract to presented to the Commissary of Police, wh allowed to provide for the return passage to After all these formalities had been compl by the Government.
The pay of the labourers was to be iss Mayoralty, in the presence of a municipal of pared beforehand by the employer. When up, it was signed and authenticated by the
The Commission were to see that all ass regularly made, and were aided by the Go upon it for the accomplishment of this obje Mutual consent was required to cancel a submitted to the Commission and verified.
In all disputes between the contractors a submit the case to the Commission for of turn refer the labourer who had a plaint to tuted for the purpose of investigating such The Commission, without prejudice to th to the Government the deportation of all as well as those whose contract had been v or who required removal from other causes did not enter into some other service, or ad The Commission was empowered to nomi in their function of supervision.
In case of need it could send these inte tion, or into the establishments of individu The remuneration of the Secretary, of it generally was to be borne by those inhabit to be divided among them in proportion to beginning of the year. A fractional share year.
T

33
nd Vice-president, and named its own Secre
s charged with the execution of the provisions he commission, assisting at their deliberations is advice upon all points considered of public
: Interior his representations and remarks. he labourers, in which all matters regarding
occurrence to the President, or in his absence ed consideration.
were held on the 20th. of each month:--the ktraordinary meetings whenever necessary. ir President with the Director General of the h whom it was necessary to communicate. intract were strictly legal, and if the landholder position to fulfil its conditions.
been regle, the President signed it, and it was was empowered to receive the subscription India of the labourers. ied with, the license of residence was granted
led on the first Sunday of each month at the Eicer, and was registered on a pay abstract prethe pay had been issued, and the abstract filled Mayor, and transmitted to the Commission. ignments (legal stoppages) from the pay were vernment in giving such facilities as depended 七。
engagement. The cancelment required to be
ld the labourers, both parties had the right to cial consideration. The Commission could in make, to a court of consultation, legally constiaSes.
legal rights of other authorities, could propose bourers considered dangerous to the Colony, luntarily cancelled, or who had been ill treated, 2ognizable by law; particularly if the labourers opt some other means of gaining a livelihood.
late one or more chief interpreters to aid them
'eters out into the districts to acquire informals, upon the requisition of the proprietor.
e interpreters, and the cost of the Commission its who engaged labourers. The annount was he number of labourers in their employ at the was paid for all labourers arriving during the

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34
Upon the requisition of the President, eve Commission was obliged to deposit in the Secre the payment of the expenses of the administrati The cost of the administration was publishe expenditure carried to the credit of the followi Measures were specified to ensure the fulfiln to provide a camping ground for the laboure also to serve as a central place for the celebrat The provisions of this act were somewhat m of May of that year, appointing a special agen of the coolies, and to be an intermediate agent The change was the result of a despatch fro who also recommended that no special expen Indian labourers, which might finally press up In June 1849, the Commissary General of th a notification upon the subject. He fixed the regulated the terms of contract for minors, who sent of, or unless accompanied by their paren per cent, of women, and if possible a third, sho termined that four persons for every five tons amount to be carried by each ship,-the ballas from the tonnage-and laid down the rules an medicines, the formalities to be observed in tine, &c. &c. -
One of the most important provisions of this francs perimmigrant upon all Captains of ves: labourers during their passage, the full ration fine was independent of any police imprison concerned, to which they might be liable.
On the 18th of the same month of 1849, a same officer, ruling that the four persons perf to be independent of the deduction made from matters in every part of the ship, except the l Indians were likewise only to be stowed bet deck or poop, and on the forecastle.
The same penalty as mentioned in the for of the regulations.
I was told by those well acquainted with th the measures at present in force regarding th tions have been entirely in favour of the lal Colony to protect ånd encourage them.
In 1846 a crisis occurred in the affairs of th or about 77 ,000,000 lbs of sugar had been pi island had been raised to eighteen millions o mother-country upon all the products of the is the verge of bankruptcy from deficiency of lal There were then on the sea coast nearly . which had been abandoned for want of cultiva The number of plantations gradually ceasin interior there was a vast extent of cultivable s
* A kilogramme is equal to a very smal fractio

'ry one who presented his contract to the tary's office four bonds, of which each assured ori at the expiration of the quarter noted on it. d annually, and any balance of receipts over ng year. nent of the contract by the inhabitants, and rs on their arrival in the Colony which was on of their religious festivals. odified in 1831, by a local act dated the 16th ; called a Syndic to act as the representative between them and the Commission. m the Colonial (Marine) Minister of France, ses should be entaled on the employers of on them. e Republic published in the Reunion Gazette number of coolies to be imported annually, were never to be engaged without the conts or guardians; declared that at least ten ld accompany each batch of immigrants; deof actual register should be the maximum t and space devoted to cargo being deducted ld regulations for the supply of provisions, shipping and disembarking coolies, quaran
Act was to levy a fine of from five to twenty sels convicted of having failed to give to the ls to which they are legally entitled. This ment, or action for damages from the parties
supplementary order was published by the ive tons, including the captain and crew, were the space occupied by merchandize or other old.
ween decks, (on the gun deck) on the quarter
mer order, was to be inflicted for any breach
2 subject, that the provisions of these acts are ne coolies, and that all subsequent modifica-- pourers, so anxious are the authorities of the
le Colony. While 35,000,000* kilogrammes 'oduced, and the value of the exports of the f francs, yielding in customs revenue to the land 16,000,000 of francs, the country was on
DO, L5,000 acres of land, fertile and productive, tors. g to be wrought were increasing, and in the soil in a virgin state. in more than 2 lbs Avoirdupois English weight.

Page 149
l
A strong and earnest appeal was addresse following expressions occur:
“In France men are without work, here become intolerable. The cost of black culti in the course of a few years the price of a francs and a half, and this frightful advance h exorbitant state, the advantageous results tha. sugar are annihilated; bankruptcy and ruin which we have a right to count as the reward
“In these critical circumstances we appeal “The continents of Africa and Asia posse extreme misery. Under wise protective me issued by the Colonial Council, they would, as labourers we require to make up the deficienc from voluntary manumissions and the disprop “These strangers, after having aided in thi our commercial relations with the metropol some traces of our civilization, of our languag of French industry. They would themselves country, as well as create new outlets for our “The immigration of free labourers would t and it is with the hope that our request dictat received, that we venture to solicit from you into our colony.”
I have not seen the royal ordinances.that fo be dated the active and systematic introductio supercession of the uncertain supply that prev The measures for the purpose, I have reas above mentioned in 1849, from which timę, ur. on extensively.
The following is, as far as I have been able now adopted.
The coolies are collected by a special ag. brought before the French Authorities at Pon rately examined as to their transmission to Bc The engagement which each enters into, years, is entered on duplicate papers.
The conditions of salary, which vary accord sions of the individual, with his scale of ration The act of engagement also indicates the a their departure, as well as the legal deducti India, or to subsist on the expiration of their dent or careless while in employ. These sums Syndic or immigrant agent. As a general rul first fortnight of their arrival in the Colony.
The controller invariably covenants to furni ance in sickness, however protracted it may b such periods as the labourer is unable to work He also covenants in the event of the coolie the contract from vagrancy, to deduct two di leave.
Τ, 2

5 .
to the king, Louis Phillippe, in which the
bour wants men. Sire our situation has tors (slaves) exceeds 3000 francs (E120) ; y's labour has risen from one franc to two is not yet reached its maximum. From this would have followed the new laws regarding vill soom replace the legitimate profits upon of our exertions. o the high reason of Your Majesty. . is a numerous population living in the most sures, and guarantees for moderate wages in the case of the Mauritius, yield us all the that is daily increasing in our work-shops, ortion of the sexes. increase of our crops, and the extension of s, would carry back to their own countries 2, and of the habit of consuming the products become agents of civilization in their own inational industry. hus become an eminently philanthropic work, 2d by imperious necessity, will be favourably r Government authority to introduce them
lowed this appeal, but from it may probably n of labourers from the Coromandel coast, in iously found its way to the island.
son to believe, were completely organized as til recently, the importation has been carried
to ascertain, the general plan of proceeding
nt at the expense of a ship-owner, and are dicherry or Karikal, by whom they are sepaurbon with their own free-will and consent, o work in Bourbon for three, four, or five
ng to the supposed quality, skill, and preten, &c. are all inscribed. vances which are made to the coolies before ons authorized to enable them to return to 'ngagement should they have been improviare deposited in the custody of the special their wages are calculated to begin from the
h the coolies with food and medical attend; the daily wages are, however, not paid for
"unning away, or failing to fulfil his part of rs' wages for each day of absence without

Page 150
If a coolie is convicted by a legal tribun amount is deducted from his savings, the prop the sum in anticipation, whatever may be it is only borne by the state in criminal cases.
On board ship each coolie is allowed a cert victualled according to a fixed scale, as menti On the 23rd of June 1849, a decree No. 46 at Pondicherry, to give effect to the local acts Yatches of the Minister of Marine.
By its provisions immigration ageneies wer the functions of the agents defined. The were placed under their immediate orders, conduct. The medical examination of cooli for, care was taken to ascertain if any fraud o to come for "ard, and if they declared that th port was granted to them, with three months engagements were to be carefully explained for the complete inspection of the ships in destination.
The age for contracting engagements wal made to sign a declaration in the presence of persons who presented themselves in the cap ther, uncle, or any other relation of married v fessed to be,
Provision was also made for the punishmen the coolies in regard to their engagements.
On the 6th of July of the same year, an the same place, fixing the age of engagement dical functions regarding them should only be or civil surgeons with regular diplomas, and diary provisions concerning Mestries.
On the 23rd of July 1849, order No. 12 execution of the local acts of the Reunion Go in the ordinary official Gazette.
Every coolie ship was compelled to have su sions proportioned to the tonnage of the vesse in each ship.
Every such vessel was also to be furnished lated for a voyage of 50 days-viz:
3* litres of water. ဖြုံ။ décagrammes ol
O 9 y 16* Grammes o For each man daily,... se Grammes o s O 20 sy O 7 多罗 C 5 yQ C 2 billets (
* The litre is equal to 1.760 pints, the décagramm grains. . . .

36
I for civil offences, and sentenced to fine, the rietor of the coolie being compelled to advance s amount. The expense of punishing coolies
in amount of space as above stated, and he is oned below.
relative to Indian Immigrants was published of the government of Reunion, and the des
2 established at Pondicherry and Karikal, and Mestrys, or recruiting agents of Immigrants with power to punish them in case of mis2s, and their regular registry were provided impropriety was committed in causing them ey came of their own free will, a police passadvance of pay. All the conditions of their to them; and minute directions were given which they were to be transmitted to their
3 fixed at 21 years, and the 'Mestrys' were the clerk of a Justice of the Peace, that all acity of husband, father, mother, sister, brovomen or minors, were really what they pro
t of any fraud or violence committed towards
order, No. 117 of that date, was published at of coolies at 18 years, declaring that the medischarged by surgeons of the French navy, making minor changes in some of the subsi
), containing more detailed provisions for the vernment, were promulgated at Pondicherry
itable boats in good condition, and of dimenls. Three wind-sails were also to be provided
with the following scale of provisions, calcul
"rice.
f salt fish.
f mantegue.
f dhal.
f salt.
f tamarinds.
f curry powder.
fonions.
f wood.
to 154.340 grains, and the gramme to nearly 15

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13
In addition there was to be carrried for the 1. 1600 grammes of avel (in case of bad weal 2, 45 kilogrammes each of 2.2048571 lbs. 3. 20 pumpkins for every hundred men. In provisions two children under 16 years ol same supply of water was granted to all of wha A certain proportion of the water was allowe to be kept in good working order.
The medicine chest was to contain for every
Laudanum, ... s Sulphuric Ether, ... Ammonia, ... KO O " Ο Ο Castor Oil, so so a Sulphate of Soda or Magnesia, Liquid Sulphuret of Potassium, Or, Anti-psoric Ointment, Og a Diachylon Plaster, gos Alum, e Chloride of Sodium, s
Lint, 0 Carded Cotton, ... ... Ipecacuana, half in powder, a Mustard (in flour), ❤ •'; () Sugar for Ptisans, s Camphorated Spirits, so Mercurial Ointment,
Liquorice, is 8 Dressing Lint of a piece of 14 conjon
The exact tonnage was to be certified. Infants under age accompanying their parer The sanitary state of the ship was to be rep The functions of the Health Commission w a recognized diploma.
No ship was to be allowed to depart witho ties having been complied with.
A few minor regulations have subsequently for purposes analogous to those above-menti importance to need special mention.
Immediately on the arrival of a cooly sh condition is enquired into before the laboure tagious disorder existing on board, they ar the ravine of St. Jacques. When they are c perform a sirhple quarantine in a very large tains, at a distance of about two miles from medical officers selected by the Government During this time their written contracts authorities, and made over to the Syndic.
As soon as they are released from quaran ing to the descriptive roll furnished. The c

le voyage) for each man. birdupois) of pepper per 100 men.
ge were reckoned as one man ; but the "er age. o be furnished by a distilling apparatus,
0 men
pp i is 52grammes.
32 ... 16
• ... ... 500
... ... 1000
... ... 100 so 16 ... ... 3000 a 30 ... ... 100 O 24 ... ... 350
0. ... ... 1000 e O ... 150 ... ... 350
ts, to be furnished with clothing. orted daily by the Captain while in harbour. re to be exercised by any medical officer with
t a special certificate ofall necessary formali
been promulgated, in the same spirit as, and ned. They are not of sufficient interest or
in the Roadstead of St. Denis, its sanitary s are disembarked. In the event of any consent to perform quarantine at a lazaretto in embarked at St. Denis itself, they are sent to tablishment situated at the foot of the moune town. There, or at the houses of certain they are all vaccinated. re presented to, and examined by the proper
e, the Syndic identifies each of them, accordlie is required to state his age, name, caste,

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Page 153
Although provision is made for their retu could learn. Some of those with whom I from the Carnatic and Mysore territories, fr zam's dominions. It is probably not safe or statements, as no two agreed exactly in the They professed to be generally satisfied wi only thing they complained of was the deni to which this class is so liable, from whimsic: All deserters are quickly apprehended by ropean Dragoons, few in number, but the m that I have seen in the East. The deserter trot before the Gens d'Armes, always two in cial authorities. They are not otherwise har There is a special hospital for Indian immi generally, where the sick receive every care, The above statement embodies the partic condition of Indian Labourers in Reunion, a for, and well treated by the French authoriti There can be no doubt, I think, that India the West India Islands, and those in the sou absorb as labourers, and that when carefully from personal observation, to be, both in Bou than in their own homes.
They leave India full of prejudices, utterly as it is possible to imagine such beings to be. They acquire in their transmarine exper a knowledge of improved means of cultivati a greater pride of personal appearance, and a if ever, seen in the same class in their native of caste, and abject submission to priestcraft home. They are removed from the blighting Zemindars, and other depressing agencies, in the exaction of their rights.
The spread of such men throughout the vill and, in my humble estimation, ought to be susceptible.
They bring back wealth, vigour of body an in their sphere of life.

39
to India, few avail themselves of it, so far as conversed were undoubtedly British subjects m the Deccan, and others were from the Ni2Orrect to attach any importance to their own account of the manner of their engagements. h their lot, and to be kindly treated. The l of the indulgence of the erratic propensities | causes and mere love of change. the Gens d'Armes; a mounted police of Euost efficient body of men for such purposes, are tied together by the wrists and made to number, until they are made over to the judishly treated, in any way that I saw or heard. grants, and the native inhabitants of the island nd attention. lars that I was able to gather regarding the hd I am convinced that they are much cared S. possesses a vast surplus population more than hern division of the Indian Ocean can possibly managed and justly governed as I know them, rbon and the Mauritius, they are far better of
ignorant, and as low in the scale of humanity
ience, habits of thought and independence, on, a taste for a higher order of amusements, n approach to manliness of character, rarely, villages. They are loosed from the trammels which renders them so unprofitable a race at influence, and extortionate exaction of native und protected, almost to an injurious extent,
ages of Hindustan cannot fail to be beneficial, ncouraged to the utmost limit of which it is
d such enlargement of mind as can be acquired

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