Page 1
s.
C. | || 。
|- | \
الي اليا .
آلے آئے۔
 

| -

Page 2


Page 3


Page 4


Page 5
CEYLON CURRE
BRITISH PERIO,
1796 - 1936

CY

Page 6


Page 7
CEYLON C
BRITISH
1796.
B. W. FE]
WITH A FOI
H. W. COD
ASIAN EDUCAT
NEW DELHI år (

URRENCY
PERIOD
1936
RNANDO
REWORD BY
RINGTON
围
ONAL SERVICES CHENNA k 2003

Page 8
ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICE
* 31, HAUZ KHAS VILLAGE, NEW DELHI - 110C Tel: 2656-O187, 2656-8594 Fax: 011-2649-4 e-mail : asian jQVSnl.com l aes publications
t 5, SRIPURAM FIRST STREET, CHENNA - 60
Tei : 2811-5040 Fax: 044-2811-1291 e-mail; asianedsGmd3.vsnil.net.in
www.asianeds.com
Price : Rs.395
: SL. Rs. 595 (Special price for Sri Lanka onl First Published: Colombo AES Reprint: New Delhi, 2003 ISBN: 81-206-1842-4
Published by J. Jetley for ASEAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 31, Hauz Khas Village, New Delhi - 110 016. Processed by AES Publications Pvt. Ltd., New D Printed at Chaudhary Offset Process, DELHI - 11

S
16 346, 2685-5499 Gyahoo.co.in
DO14
y)
elhi-110016 O051

Page 9
CEYLON (
BRITISH
1796
B
B. W. F. Principal Aseist
Gemeral Treas
With a FC
B H. W. C0I)RINGTON, Es. Late of the Ceyl AUTH
“Ceylon Coins “A Short History
PRINTED AT THE CEYLON G
To be purchased at the GovERNMENT R.
19,
2-J. N. 81971-305 (2139)

URRENCY
PERIOD
1936
Y
ERNAND0,
атtАссоитtant, ury, Colombo.
)REWORD
Y
q., B.A , (0x0n.), F.R.N.S.
pm Civil Service,
)R OF
and Currency', of Ceylon', &c.
OVERNMENT PRESS, COLOMBO.
EcoRD OFFICE, CoLom Bo; price Rs. 2'50.
39

Page 10


Page 11
F O R, E
MR. B. W. FERNAND o’s work on British Period, though perhaps not a a want and will be appreciated by t as it is on records official and unoff thesis into two main heads, namely, Under the first he deals with the BI and in the United Kingdom, with t subsequent supremacy of the Indian subsidiary tok ens with which we are we read of the Luutcli Kredit Brieven rixdollar and sterling notes, the note restoration of a Government currency
Mr. Fernando is to be congratul for which the student will be duly gi and through him to the Public Servi
November 30, 1938.

WO R. D.
the currency of Ceylon during the pealing to the general public, supplies hose interested in the subject, based icial. Mr. Fernando has divided his the coinage and the paper currency. itish copper and silver struck locally he introduction of sterling, with the rupee, and finally with the decimal how familiar. Under the second head and “cash notes', the early British s issued by the banks, and lastly the
7.
ated on his painstaking researches, rateful. His work is a credit to him be of Ceylon.
H. W. CODRINGTON.

Page 12


Page 13
P R E H
THE purpose of this book is to pre: of the coinage and paper currency of It consists of material collected from b and records, primarily for my own inf in the shape of a series of articles in issues for the months April to Augus interest in currency matters in the p change the currency system of the Isla have since been made, and the O1 relating to the Coinage and the “ Paper Currency included as Appendi ment Press and a greater part of it bas is not issued as an “official' public the statements it contains. I have as possible, and if any that are notic appreciated.
I owe a deep debt of gratitude to Ceylon Civil Service, for his FORE gestions, and for important matter "Ceylon Coins and Currency'. I Mr. C. H. Collins, Deputy Financial S of Establishments, and to Mr. J. L. Accountant, Treasury, for advice and
My thanks are due to Mr. W. T. Secretary, to Mr. N.U. Jayawardene, of Commerce and Industries, and to Mel and E. B. Wiratunga of the Tr production of this book.
I have also to express my obliga kindly allowing this to be printed at th General for supplying blocks for the Colombo Museum and Mr. M. F. S. G coins and notes for the purpose, an neat get-up of this book.
The General Treasury, Colombo, February 20, 1939.

' A C E.
ent in plain language a brief history Ceylon since the British occupation. oth official and unofficial publications ormation. The notes were published the “Ceylon Trade Journal' in its it, 1938, with a view to creating an ublic mind, in view of a proposal to und. A few additions and alterations "ders in Council and Proclamations Revised' Ordinance regulating the 2es. Though printed at the Governed on official records, this compilation ation and I alone am responsible for endeavoured to avoid errors as far ed are communicated to me it will be
Mr. H. W. Codrington, late of the WORD, for some very helpful sugobtained from his scholarly work must also express my gratitude to ecretary, Mr. S. Phillipson, Controller Stanislaus, Financial Assistant and encouragement. Loos, Office Assistant to the Chief Commercial Assistant to the Director Messrs. C. S. Kreltszheim, H. M. de asury for assistance rendered in the
tion to the Printing Committee for e Government Press, to the Surveyor
illustrations, to the Director of the Oonatilaka for placing at my disposal d to the Government Press for the
B. W. FERNANDO.

Page 14


Page 15
OONT
PART I.—TE CHAPTER.
I.-1796-1824. From the Capitul in Council intro I-1825-1868. From the Order
Currency to the the "Company divisions the On I.-1869-1892. From the Order in Council of 1892 as the Standa Subsidiary Decil V-1893-1903. The Silver Crisis.
Commissions W.-1904-1936. Introduction of N Copper Five Cel piece, and the S ness of subsidia
PART I-TEKE P
VI.-1796–1883. Early Issues : Kre Sterling Notes, a WI-1884-1936. Failure of the Orie Re-establishmen
APPEN)
(i.) Law regulating the coina
Order in Council dated 23rd Mar
Orders in Council dated 16th Oct
1856
Order in Council dated 18th Jul
dated 23rd August, 1871
Proclamation dated 23rd August, Order in Council dated 6th FebI Order in Council dated 17th July
Order in Council dated 26th Septe
dated 25th October, 1901
Order in Council dated 18th Oct dated 13th December, 1909 . .
Proclamation dated 13th Decembel
J. Order in Council dated 8th Mi dated 29th August, 1919
f
I.

ENTS,
E COINAGE.
PAGE.
tion of Colombo to the Crder lucing British Currency o o f
n Council introducing British
Order in Council constituting s' Rupee and its Silver Suby legal tender
Council of 1869 to the Order in
The Rupee of British India rd Coin of Ceylon, with a hal Coinage d 0. 8
Appointment of Two Currency
13
ickel. Demonetization of the lt piece and the Quarter Cent overeign. Reduction in Fine- 18 y Silver Coinage
APER CURRENCY.
dit Brieven, Rixdollar Paper,
nd Bank Notes a 24 ntal Bank Corporation and the t of a State Note SSue to 0 26
DCES.
ge and the paper currency. h, 1825 . . e 37 ober, 1852, and 22nd October,
as a 37 he, 1869, and Proclamation
A 40 871 w 42 uary, 1892.. 0. 44 , 1893 o 48 mber, 1901, and Proclamatio 49 ober, 1909, and Proclamation
o w s up 50
1909 52
y, 1919, and Proclamation
0 影 53

Page 16
W
K. Order in Council dated 13th A dated 7th August, 1920 Paper Currency Ordinance
(ii.) S M. Note Circulation, Reserve, &c. N. Subsidiary Coins in Circulation. O. Dates of Issue of Subsidiary Coin
Index o o
ILLUSTR Plate No.
1. A Kredit Brief Note 2. Star pagoda, Rixdollar and Fana 3. A Rixdollar Note 4. Ceylon Fanam, Stuiver and Chall 5. Copper Five Cents and Quarter C 6. Stuivers struck in England 7. A Dutch Cash Note
8. A Sterling Note 9. An Oriental Bank Note
* Normal size

riii
'gust, 1920, and Proclamation
tatistics.
RATIONS.*
lie
ent
of coins shown.
PAGE.
55
56
61
61
62
63
Facing page
1.
2
6
10
19
23
24
26
30

Page 17


Page 18
No.
Note* هr **** zegge. Een Dery ¬÷±¬ܣܛܪ7:
NNWY, ondergetekende Cart
Rzes by de Compagnie
် †န့့််ဇုံပါ့ဇုံlွဋ်ဧ van 48. Zw: * voorwelkers waerde de zen Eilande gangbaar till E
g|PELIMIES H.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

אKא | % بیلجیم" بھی
gret vrlor Ryksdag وہgعربی عصبرتت
器
sent Ryk i da di der ificզըրըri : ilit H## E te goet heeft. Een Pixent sity wers. Indisch-Geld. as Kredit brief overal Lein deler էսիouuun wordեn, SAN : \' לא ר"
امید
:இங்முெம், قبرمجيدليمياشتي
="""""
چي؟ ميت له لالا * تماشا په ميا پوه امله شپيته à ....... += "مشق نسق
REIT REF.

Page 19
CEYLON CURRENCY
.-1796-1824. FROM THE CAPIT ORDER IN COUNCIL INTRO
Taking over of Dutch CurrencyBritish occupied the maritime dist possession of the Kandyan districts 6 of the Capitulation of Colombo promissory notes called Kredit Bri in Ceylon) which were then in circulat to issue certificates for the amount be per annum payable half-yearly. Th the rixdollar being divided into l challies.
When the East India Company consisted of copper and paper. Th the time merely used for keeping rupee, which was 12 fanams, was ( British occupation the nominal value its real value was 48 or even higher.
The chief Indian standards at thi Porto Novo Pagoda, both gold cc these coins and the Ceylon currency Pagoda = 25 fanams and l Star British, the Indian currency increa: stuiver. According to the Jaffna D. was 1 Porto Novo = 38 fanams an
By Proclamation of June 8, 1796, coins, the stuiver to pass at 48 to th the English copper also were to be c the smaller at half stuiver.
2. Coinage.- The coins current d
(i.) Copper : (a) Fanam or 1/12 minted locally, the quarter or doodie), varying in weig (b) double, single, half, a England; (c) the Dutch c prize money in Kandy and the fanam; and (d) the En

-BRITISH PERCD.
ULATION OF COLOMBO TO THE DUCINC. BITISH CURRENCY,
Introduction of English Copper. The ricts of Ceylon in 1795-6 and took in 1815. In accordance with Article they took over from the Dutch the aven (the first paper currency issued ion up to a limit of £50,000 and agreed 'aring interest at the rate of 3 per cent. e Dutch denominations were retained, 2 fanams=48 stuivers or pice=192
took over, the currency in Ceylon e rixdollar was an imaginary coin at accounts, and the Arcot (or Madras) sounted as the rixdollar. Before the ) of this rupee was 30 stuivers though
2 time were the Star Pagoda and the ins. The rate of exchange between , under the Dutch, was 1 Porto Novo Pagoda = 30 fanams. Under the sed in value relatively to the Ceylon iary the exchange on March 22, 1796, d I Star Pagoda = 45 fanams.
surrency was given to all Dutch copper e rixdollar or 180 to the Star Pagoda ; urrent, the larger at one stuiver and
uring the early British period were :-
rixdollar with its half and quarter (otherwise known as the stuiver, pice ght from 2052 grains to 140 grains; ld quarter stuiver pieces struck in oins, including the challies taken as put into circulation in 1815 at 12 to glish copper.

Page 20
2 CEYLON CURRENC
(ii.) Silver : (a) Rixdollar (doubl
weighing originally lis2 minted locally, and the r. struck in England; (b) An the Spanish Dollar having eighths, and sixteenths, we, ively), struck in England in and Quarter Rupees-count declared current by Procla) 4 fanams respectively; and grains struck locally in 1814
Other coins in use were :-
Gold.
Venetian ducat Bengal Muhr Surat Muhr Star Pagoda Porto Novo Pagoda Tuticorin Pagoda Fanam (South India)
ASilver.
Spanish Dollar (416 grs.)" Surat (Bombay) Rupee (l79 grs.)' Sicca (Calcutta) Rupee (179 grs.)" Arcot (Madras) Rupee (l76 grs.) Fanam (South India) o
The Government advertisement of follows :-
English.
Challies - 9 4.
6
64
192
Stuivers 4
16
48
Fanams 4 2
3. Minting of Coins.-Coins (both locally and also obtained from the R.
(i.) Copper : (a) Stuivers.--The first stuivers-was struck locally in April stuiver weighing 2052 grains. In 18 half, and quarter stuivers the average v
* Weights in 1800. † Frc

BRITISH PERIOD.
single, and half)-each rixdollar grains, and later 140 grains lollar of 1821 weighing 1383 grains or Money-i.e., silver fractions of the reverse an anchor-(quarters, ning 104, 52, and 26 grains respect1820 and 1822; (c) Madras Rupees -marked in Ceylon with a Crown, ation in 1823 at li rixdollars and (d) Fanam Tokens weighing 8.75 nd 1815.
6 24
22 0.
8 0 5 0 8 0 = 4 6 3317 4 0 4, 18
2 36 4 8 - 2 3 0 l 24 l 24 2 6 = 1 5 0 4/7 l 18 2 3 = 1 3 2 517
July 4, 1817, rated copper as
Dutch.
3. l stuiver or pice
12 I fanam
48 l ridi 144 l nʼixdollar
-a- I fanam
• Ili ridi
1 rixdollar
Emm 1 ridi
l rixdollar
silver and copper) were struck al Mint in England.
coinage-pieces of 1, 2, and 4 01, by Adrian Peter Blume each
the Royal Mint supplied whole, ight of a stuiver being 147 grains.
the Arabic “ Sicca” = coining die.

Page 21
Obsolete (
SILVER FANAM. (South India)
STAR PAGODA
(South India)
TWO RIX
RLXDoLLAR s
 
 
 
 

No. 2.
Gold and Silver Coins,
GOLD FANAM. (South India)
ALF RIXDOLLAR
EXDOLLAR
KOOLLAR PE;
TRUCK. IN ENGLAND.

Page 22


Page 23
CEYLON CURRENCY.
In 1805 a further quantity of stu Colombo by Blume from a metal co, of brass the latter obtained from olc tamby from a mixture of 10 lb. of c weighing 1608 grains. The reason stuiver is not known. In 1815 doub at the Royal Mint on the basis of 50 (b) Pice-In March 1803 the Gov copper to be coined into pice of the grs. a piece), 44 to be delivered to cover his expenses.
(ii.) Silver : (a) Rixdollars.—In 18 half rixdollars, the rixdollar to be circulated at about 25d., each rixd grains and subsequent issues 140 double, single, and half rixdollars t mately were coined by Blume of th 1803 but with a reduced fineness. currency 400,000 rixdollars dated 182 each weighing 1383 grains or one-thir of 891 6. This coin was intrinsically - Dollar but ordered to passat ls.9d. (b) Anchor Money.-In 1820 and Dollar (quarters, eighths, and sixt having on the reverse an anchorCeylon.
(c) Madras Rupees and Quarter Rup 1823, the Madras quarter and who with a crown, were declared curren lird rixdollars respectively. 282,33 were imported in 1823-24.
(d) Fanams.—2,095,467 fanams w 12 to the rixdollar.
According to the Blue Book of England were as follows :-
Silver struck locally, 1803-1809 Rixdollars of 1821 .. Copper struck locally Copper struck in England
Until 18ll the local work was d 4 per cent. for silver and about 25 pe work was stopped and a Mint estal charge. The charges for copper w Copper coins were minted in Ceylon
* For details of coins struck between Coins and Currency by H. W. Codringto

-BRITISH PERIOD. 3
sers (140 grains each) was struck in pound of 8 lb. of copper and 100 lb. guns; and at Jaffna by one Chinnapper and 100 lb. of brass, each piece or the increased weight of the Jaffna. 2, single, and half stuivers werc struck stuivers to the pound.*
rnment provided 110,966 lb. of Japan weight of 50 to the pound (i.e., 140 overnment and 6 to go to Blume to
03 Blume struck double, single, and worth 20d. intrinsically but to be ollar of the first issue to weigh 1525 rains, 10/12ths fine. In 1808-1809 the value of RD 692,000 approxi2 same weight as the second issue of In 1822 owing to lack of metallic :l were obtained from the Royal Mint d of a Spanish Dollar with a fineness worth lls. 6d. at 4s. 8d. the Spanish k 1822 silver fractions of the Spanish eenths) called "Anchor Money '- were struck in England and sent to
ees.–On March 22, and December 31, le rupees, countermarked in Ceylon t by Proclamation at 4 fanams and 7 rupees and 260,000 quarter rupees
ere minted in 1814-1815 locally at
824 the coins struck locally and in
RD 98,030 400,000 357,640 261,599
one on contract, the charges being c cent. for copper. In 18ll contract lished locally with A. Bertolacci in are reduced to about ll per cent.
1816.
801 and 1817 see pp. 154-157 "Ceylon

Page 24
4 OEYLON CURRENC
4. Exchange.-The East India ( Star Pagoda at 45 fanams or 180 st varied from time to time, and at diffe was reckoned as RD 4 or 48 fanams. 1807; 70 fanams in 1809, and 80 equal to 12 Ceylon fanams. she a 62d. per oz.) was just over lis. 6d., y 2s. 1 3/5d Proclamation of March the reason assigned being that the reference to the Star Pagoda and at a The Colonial Treasury issued bill nominal and not real value; and bill a Star Pagoda. The loss was only a sterling. So long as bills were gran was exported, but in 1805 on instruc Government refused to accept from copper, or paper at the official value disposed of them to the highest bid currency fell to the intrinsic value of the silver, and by 1811 a good part c had left the Island. The depreciatio rise in exchange and an unfavoura general distress and ruined commerce Between 1815 and 1819 the excha Pagoda and a Porto Novo respective the Star Pagoda, 17 1/7 to the Sic Rupee. From this time the Ceylon fa equalled the Indian anna. Towardst
RD 15 to the E1.
5. Paper Currency.-The first iss was made in March, 1800, the notes b RD 00, 50, and 25 and redeemable i currency is described in detail in Par 6. Counterfeiting, Commission, a imposed penalties for counterfeiting of this the coinage was still being col was issued imposing further penaltie made illegal to receive or pay for an notes any more in value, benefit or a except lawful discount on such notes on demand.
7. Public Accounts.--The accou Pagodas, divided into Madras fana.
According to the monetary scheme silver fanam; 12 fanams =l rupee; 3 ru

-BRITISH PERIOD.
ompany had fixed the value of the isers. The value of coins, however, ent places. In 1802 the Star Pagoda It was actually RD 5 or 60 fanams in fanams in 1813. The rixdollar was tual worth of the rixdolar (silver at it in 1804-05 it was officially rated at 3, 1812, rated the rixdollar at ls. 9d., rixdollar was originally valued with rate higher than its intrinsic value. s on London for rixdollars at their on Madras at 48 fanams or RD 4 for bout 6 per cent. On the exchange into ed at the fixed rates no Ceylon coin tions from the Secretary of State the public servants rixdollars in silver, , declined to issue bills as before, but der. The result, was that the whole its coins, and by 1809 practically all f the copper, the oldest and heaviest, n of the coinage, and its scarcity, the ble balance of trade brought about
during the period 18ll to 1813. nge was RD 5 and RD 4 for a Star ly. In 1819, fanams 546/7 went to ca, Rupee, and 1533/49 to the Arcot nam practically and, in 1823 actually, he end of 1824 the exchange was about
ue of paper currency by the British eing generally of the denominations of n current coin. The history of paper t II. nd Discount.-Regulation 12 of 1814 coins which were current. In spite unterfeited and Regulation ll of 1824 is. By Regulation 18 of 1822 it was 7 silver or copper coin or Government dvantage, than the true lawful value, as were not expressed to be payable
nts were kept until 1302 in Star ms and cash, or into Ceylon fanams
un Madras at the time 80 copper cash = 1 pees = 1 star pagoda.

Page 25
CEYLON CURRENCY,
and challies, as well as in rixdollars, f came under the direct control of the and thereafter the accounts were k instead of Star Pagodas, the rixdollar 2 shillings.
E-1825-868. FROM THE ORD BRITISH CURRENCY TO THE STITUTING THE COMPA SILWER SUBDIVISIONS
TENDER
8. 1825-Introduction of British Sil 1825 the Home Government decide into all the Colonial possessions wi objectionable and unvarying mediur establishing a uniform currency in possessions founded upon and havi United Kingdom'. By Order in C A), and Regulation 8 of July 4, 18 tender for the payment of any amour 1821 and the paper rixdollars at the viz., pence, half-pence, and farthings viz., fanam at lid., half-fanam at id the Dutch challie at d., were made le Regulation 8 further ordained that th in Ceylon should be kept in pounds, s. It was also notified that bills on exchanged by the Government for su rate of £100 sterling = £l03 of eithe rixdollars paid into the Colonial Trea
9. Spanish Dollars and Indian any sum beyond the amount so pai rates he was further authorized to 1 Indian rupees, or other coin at the them at their intrinsic value as co 58. 2d. an oz. At this rate Spanish 48. 4d., the Sicca rupee at 2s. 1d., and 'These coins had been overvalued, co silver and the British silver in its 1 of nearly 4 per cent.; and the error v ber 14, 1833, which fixed the value rupee at 2s., and Madras and Bomb:
10. 1825—1833. Cancellation of Notes.-In tine years 1825 to 183 silver to the value of Ell 1,895 w ment bills on London were disposec
* Supplement to the Ceylon ôaz

-BRITISH PERIOD. 5
nams, and challies. In 1802 Ceylon Secretary of State for the Colonies pt in rixdollars, fanams, and pice eing rated at quarter of a Pagoda or
R IN COUNCIL INTRODUCING
ORDER IN COUNCL CONY'S' RUPEE AND ITS
THE ONLY LEGAL N CEYLON.
ver. Public Accounts in E. s. d.-In d to introduce British silver coins h the object of providing “ an unfor the payment of troops and of he whole of His Majesty's Foreign g reference to the currency of the ouncil of March 23, 1825 (Appendix 25*, British silver was declared legal it, as also were the silver rixdollars of rate of 18. 6d. each. British copper , and the copper coins of the Island , pice at d., half-pice at 3/16d., and agal tender to the extent of 1 shilling. henceforth all Government Accounts hillings and pence.
London at 3 days' sight would be ms of not less than £100, at the fixed r British silver money, paper or silver sury. Rupees.-If the Governor required into the Treasury at the prescribed egotiate his bills for Spanish dollars, best terms he could obtain and issue mpared to British standard silver at and American dollars were valued at Bombay and Surat rupees at l8. Illd. mpared with the then market price of epresentative capacity, to the extent as later rectified by Minute of Decemof a Spanish dollar at 4s. 2d., Sicca. y rupee at ls. 10d. Paper Rixdollars and Issue of Sterling 3 the Government imported British ile during the same period Governof to the extent of £1,521,784. The
te, dated Saturday, 2nd July, 1825.

Page 26
6 CEYLON CURRENC
paper rixdollars paid in were all ca) the extent of about £90,000 expre under Regulation 8 of 1827. This ena in pounds payable in the currency shillings sterling. The notes were demand but the holders were not a of the old inconvertible rixdollar p. London at the fixed rate of premium Regulation 6 of 1830 demonetized coins struck in Ceylon and then curr ll. 1833–1836. Failure of atten Coins in Ceylon.–After 1833 no im have taken place. Although British to be the only legal tender and the a money, the object of "establishing upon and having reference to the cu the scheme for retaining it in the Islan were both defeated by the fluctuatic allowance had been made. Govern India, frequently at very unfavour into circulation the proceeds which c not legal tender. In the period 1834 were imported by Government from 1833. The rupees so imported did n re-exported to India owing to fluctua of the Island's unfavourable balance time that the difficulty of retaining undervaluation of the rupee as compa being then worth for exchange on intrinsic value.
12. 1836–1850. Disappearance Introduction of “ Company’s ” Rup of 180 grains, Il/12ths fine, was No. XVII, adopted as the standard styled the “Company's ' rupee*. 1s. 103d., silver at 5s. per oz., but it 0.d. in India in exchange for its bill freight and insurance; and although Civil and Military Establishments : Minute of December 14, 1833. In from the Island the Governor issued giving notice that the Company's
* The weight and fineness of this coin h No. XIII.) the crowned effigy of the Que was declared to be the ' Government' device the head of the reigning sovereign a

Y-BERTISH PERIOD.
celled and a new paper currency to sed in terms of sterling was issued ted that Government notes expressed f the Island shall pass current at 20 ayable at the Treasury in specie on owed the right given to the holders per of exchanging them for bills on
as from January 1, 1831, all copper nt.
pt to introduce and circulate British ortation of British silver appears to silver coins and rixuollars continued 2counts were kept in terms of British a currency for the Colony founded Crency of the United Kingdom ' and d by means of a fixed rate of exchange ons of Indian exchange for which no nent was obliged to sell its bills on able rates, and to import and put onsisted of Indian rupees which were to 1836 rupees to the value of £141,136 India and issued at the rates fixed in ot remain long in circulation but were tions in exchange and in consequence
of trade. It was considered at the he coin in the Island arose from the red with its exchange value, the rupee London from 2d., to 2d., above its
of British Silver and Rixdollars. !e.-The Madras and Bombay rupee y the Indian Act of August, 1835, rupee for the whole of India and was The intrinsic value of this coin was cost the Government from 2s. to 2s.
on London plus a further charge for not legal tender, it was issued to the t ls. 10d. under the terms of the order to counteract the flow of coin a Minute dated September 26, 1836, upee will be put in circulation in
ve remained unaltered but in 1862 (by Act n was introduced and the name of the coin rupee. The coins which do not bear as
not legal tender.

Page 27
is. Is I:s sisi 1.1, sifs sssss,
 

Page 28


Page 29
CEYLON CURRENC
future at 2s., rupee at 18., and revolution in the currency system u in accomplishing the object for whic By the Minute of September 26, rated relatively to British sterling became practically the standard c dollars which were undervalued r appeared after a time from circulatio valued rupee. The effect of the value of the metallic currency of powerless to arrest the exportation Thus after an ineffectual attempt of the United Kingdom, and after a was the assimilation of the currency the natural order of things, conside relations existing between the two geographically as one.
13. 1851-1868. English and Rupee and its subdivisions in actua requested the sanction of the Hom Chamber of Commerce, Colombo, t by the addition of British gold coi Treasury ruled that a local ordinan within the Island. to the gold coins from Her Majesty's Mint under Her for the sums they represented t This ruling was, however, subsec Order in Council and a Proclamati issued declaring that the coins of half-sovereigns, &c.) shall pass cur tender limit of British silver to 4( Order in Council and Proclamation too were made legal tender in Ceylo
The rupee and its subdivisions, actual use throughout the Island, of September 26, 1836, was consid power of the Governor to declare a notification, such a step to be val Royal Proclamation or a Legislati Clause 5 of “The Coining Preventi " that for the purpose of the Ordi and quarter-rupee shall be deeme this Colony'; but in as much as t a silver coin lawfully current in til provided that “it shall be deem

-BRITISH PERIOD. 7
pee at 6d. This effected a complete the Island although it entirely failed it was designed. 836, the Company's rupee was overthe extent of over 7 per cent. It value, and British silver and rixatively to the rupee naturally dis, their place being taken by the overinute was merely to depreciate the the Island while it proved entirel f the coin. o establish in the Colony the currency series of mistakes, the result produced f Ceylon with that of India. This was ing the intimate economic and social countries which may be considered
Australian Gold coins introduced. l use.--In 1851 the local Government he authorities to a suggestion by the o increase the currency of the Colony ns. The Lords Commissioners of the ce was not necessary to give currency of the Realm which, as being issued Royal authority, were a legal discharge hroughout Her Majesty's dominions. uently considered incorrect, and an on, both dated October 16, 1852, were the United Kingdom (viz., sovereigns, 'ent in Ceylon, but reducing the legal shillings (Appendix B). In 1856 by lated October 22 Australian gold coins n (Appendix B). however, continued to be the coins in hough not legal tender. The Minute "ed ultra vires as it was not within the oin legal tender by a mere Government requiring an Order in Council and a e enactment confirmed by the Crown. n Ordinance' (No. 5 of 1857) enacted, nce the Company's rupee, half-rupee, to be silver coins lawfully current in is Ordinance did not declare the rupee Colony “for all purposes', but only to be such for the purposes of the

Page 30
8 CEYLON CURRENCY
said Ordinance', it was considered to constitute the counterfeiting of t not make it a legal tender. It was f in the Islandi viz : the Oriental Ban itself against any inconvenience or l rupees. The notes of the Charterec Asiatic Banking Corporation were exp of the Island .
III.—1869-1892. FROM THE ORDER
IN COUNCIL OF 1892. THE RU STTITUTED AS THE STANDA A SUBSIDIARY D
14. Disappearance of Paper cur tralian coins except British Copper. Rupee.- The sterling notes issued u of 1827 had been cancelled periodical Treasuries and only about £1,000 wor These were treated as ' not in exi rixdollars had long since disappeare Australian, were not in circulation. years been the universally recognized not current under “ legal' authority disturbing factor. In order to remov Order in Council and Proclamation operation on January I, 1872, by Pro issued (Appendices C and D).
Order in Council of June 18, 186 March 23, 1825, and so much of the C and October 22, 1856, as had effect in 8 of 825 and 8 of 1827.
It was declared that the British a in circulation and such other copper to time be specified by the Governor for any sum not exceeding half a rup penny at anna, farthing at ann or pice at anna, and challie at lll: It was further ordained and declare 180 grains, 11/12 fine, and its silvers be the orly legal tender in Ceylon an
* Silver rupees issued from the Indian 4 issues, viz., one in 1835, two in 1840, and Madras, and Bombay. The 1835 issue h and the two issues in 1840 the uncrowned eff the words “East India Company' on 1 crowned effigy of the Queen but not the issues are still legal tender they are wit are received at a Government Treasury in

-BRITISH PERIOD
hat the legal effect of it was simply he rupee an offence, but that it did r this reason that the principal bank Corporation endeavoured to guard oss by issuing its notes expressed in Mercantile Bank and those of the ressed in “Pounds' of “the currency
N COUNCIL OF 1869 TO THE ORDER
PEE OF BRITISH INDIA CON. RD COIN OF CEYLON VITH CCIMAL CONAGE.
ency, Rixdolars, English and AusLegalization of the “Company's ' nder the authority of Regulation 8 ly as they were received at the local th of them were outstanding in 1865. stence'. British silver coins and :d and sovereigns, both English and
Although the rupee had for many measure of value the fact that it was , though not generally known, was a e permanently this legal uncertainty, dated June 18, 1869 (brought into oclamation of August 23, 1871), were
9, revoked Order in Council dated brders in Council of October 16, 1852, the Island, and repealed Regulations
nd local copper or bronze coins than or bronze tokens as may from time by Proclamation shall be legal tender 2e-a penny to be current at anna, a, Ceylon fanam at anna, stuiver ' anna. d that the Company's silver rupee of ubdivisions (, , and rupee) shall
its Dependencies.* ܗ
Mints from 1835 to 1869 consisted of one in 1862; and were coined at Calcutta, as the uncrowned effigy of William IV., gy of Queen Victoria. These 3 issues have he reverse. The coins of 1862 bear the name of the Company. Although these hdrawn from circulation whenever they india.

Page 31
CEYLON CURRENCY
It was also declared that whenever shall have been specified in any Re Contrast in force at the date of the in Ceylon, such sums, whether as pay Government, shall continue to be r Treasuries in rupees and the legal su 2 shillings to the rupee. -
15. A decimal coinage proposed.- cation of the Order in Council maki silver subdivisions the only legal ten of Public Works (Mr. Guilford L. Mc cating the introduction of a subsidiar proposed that time rupee, half-rupee, circulation, that the rupee should be cents, and that the following subsidiar cents, and copper five, two, one, and h that Government Accounts should be basis.
16. A triangular contest : Cham Commission recommend upees, Ann and Cents.-The proposed changes in proposal to keep public accounts in 1 the Chamber of Commerce, Colombo, v change was inexpedient, and if carr inconvenience to the mercantile, agi and great dissatisfaction to the publi appointed by the Governor with Hon as Chairman, to consider and report either necessary or desirable in the d in view of the Order in Council decl payment. The Commission recomme the Indian System ofrupees, annas, a
17. Rupees and Cents adopted.-Al led by Sir Richard Morgan, Queen's of Public Works, and Mr. T. Berwick adoption of a decimal coinage. Thi "A Decimal Association' and by of the decimal system, one hundred to the Governor. A cogent reason urg coinage was not new to the Sinhalese. for over 18 months between the Colonia of the Treasury, Sir Hercules Robinso of State in June, 1871, to the adopt rupee and the introduction of the co according to the design submitted

-BRITISH PERIOD. 9
he denomination of British Currency gulation, Ordinance, Minute, &c., or roclamation of the Order in Council ments to be made to or by the local ceived at and paid from the local Jordinate currency of the Island at
In September, 1869 after the publig the “Company's ' rupee and its er in the Island, the then Director lesworth) submitted a report advoy decimal coinage of the rupee. He and quarter rupee should remain in subdivided into 100 units, termed y coins be introduced, viz., silver ten alf cents. There was also a proposal kept on a rupee instead of a sterling.
er of Commerce supports E. s. d. as, Pies. The Public favour Rupees. the currency system, especially the rupees, were vehemently opposed byr who contended that the contemplated ied into effect would cause serious icultural, and trading communities c. A Commission was immediately . Mr. George Lawson, Puisne Judge, whether any change would become enomination of the Public Accounts aring the rupee the legal tender of nded, by a majority, the adoption of nd pies. minority of the Commission, however, Advocate, Mr. Molesworth, Director , District Judge, strongly urged the was followed by the formation of further representations in support ind eleven petitions being presented ed in its favour was that the decimal After a protracted correspondence l Office and the Lords Commissioners l received the assent of the Secretary ion of a decimal subdivision of the pper five, one, and half cent pieces by the Governor in January, 1870

Page 32
10 CEYLON CURRENCY
the arrangement to take effect from the Accounts of the Colony have beer
18. Rating of Copper. Introducti tization of the Fanam, Stuiver, and C the decimal tokens the following co. mation dated August 23, 1871 (Apper
Penny = 1/24 rupee or ë ai Halfpenny= 1/48 y Farthing = 1/96 99 器
Ceylon fanam = 1/16 rupee or 1 Stuiver or pice = 1/64 rupee or Challie = 1/192 rupee or 1/12 a
Quarter cent pieces were introdu clamation of March 17, 1874, demone
19. Re-establishment of State Note Government in 1827 were withdrawn permitted to accept notes issued by payment of Government dues. This mostly to speculation, and the Secret his approval to the re-establishment o. in rupees. The present issue is regu (Appendix L.)
20. Introduction of a local SubS demonetize Indian Small Silver.-On Council adopted a resolution as follow steps to remedy the inconvenience a pecially the poorer classes, by the an the Indian 2 anna piece'.
In view of the fact that the Governr small coins for export without limit, decimal coinage coins of 25 and 12 Legislative Council unanimously of th Council recommended the demonetizat and 8 annas and the introduction ofa
2. Legal tender limit and fineness the limit of tender and the fineness, th observed that the reason for preferrin, coins of a low touch stood the ordinar the lower the touch the larger would the other hand the lower the intrinsic be the temptation for fraud by count the limit of legal tender would depend
* The quarter cent piece was called in by (Appendix H).

-BRITISH PERIOD.
January 1, 1872. From this date kept in rupees and cents.
on of quarter cent piece. Demonehallie.-Pending the introduction of ins were rated as below by Procladix D) :–
la
ala.
: anna.
na or l pie.
ced on September 14, 1872*. Protized the fanam, stuiver, and challie.
Issue.-The Sterling Notes issued by as from 1856, the Kachcheries being the Oriental Bank Corporation in bank failed on May 3, 1884, due ary of State rather reluctantly gave fa, Government Note Issue expressed lated by Ordinance No. 32 of 1884
idiary silver coinage. Proposal to December 19, 1889, the Legislative s:-'That the Government do take nd loss sustained by the public, esomalous position in the currency of
ment of India would not mint its own and the anomaly of having for a cents, and the condemnation by the he silver 2 anna piece the Executive ion of the Indian silver pieces of 2, 4, complete subsidiary silver coinage.
of the proposed coinage.-As regards e Auditor-General and the Treasurer g a low touch to a high one was that y wear and tear better; and further, pe the profit to Government ; but on value of a coinage the greater would erfeiting. In view of the fact that on the fineness of the coins they did
r Proclamation dated December 13, 1909

Page 33
Nü.
Obsolet CD
FAN-AM = 11.
LF FAI
STUWEEL OH. RTALITEEt
ENGLISI THAT ILLE DIE LITVI
S'I'I: [:F. T. TEF
LJUTCI : EILILL.L)
 
 
 
 
 

4.
pp2 T Col 15,
II.D.I.T.A.R.
FANA, 1 = 1 -48 I:II.
TER STLIVER = 1, 1921: : F. I. A. I. MITXT.
F = 1 - R.L.

Page 34


Page 35
CEYLON CURRENCY
not consider any limit necessary if the silver, the same as in the rupee (i.e., 9. four-fifths was to be adopted as in the Mauritius, they suggested a five rupe was decided to propose a 4/5th finen rupees for the Ceylon subsidiary silver The Financial Advisers to the Gov changes could be effected by a local er that the rupee of Portuguese India sh tender at Tuticorin. The Secretary of these proposals would affect the Ord instrument assented to by the Queen the necessary sueps to give effect to India whilst having no objection to t Indian half-rupee was not a subsidia amount, and that it was willing to min provided they were of the rupee stanc lower touch. The proposal to demon was therefore modified, as it was felt t Indian half rupee, a coin which was . that the demonetization of the silver inconvenience the holders of these coi illiterate villagers, and cause hardship to Ceylon. As regards the silver 2 : unanimous vote in the Legislative Co to withdraw it, and issue in its place a also to retain the Indian and ru new 25 and 50 cent pieces, leaving til the Indian coinage of higher fineness. ingly abandoned in 1891.
22. Order in Council issued.-The approved these proposals and an C 1892 (Appendix E), was issued rescin mation dated June 18, 1869, and rep such proclamations whether issued b as regulate legal tender in the Colo Ordinance, 1884', and declaring inte
(i.) The silver rupee of British grains (ll: 664 grammes) and mi current weight being 176'4 grains () coin of Ceylon and its dependencie guese India having the same wei equal to the standard coin.
"The Indo-Portuguese rupee was dem in Council of July 17, published in Ceylon

BRITISH PERIOD.
fineness was, like the Indian small 6'6). But if the lower fineness of case of the Straits Settlements and limit. In these circumstances, it ss and a legal tender limit of five coimage. ernment vere of opinion that these actment, and they further proposed ould also be legalized as it was legal State, however, pointed out that as ær in Council of June 18, 1869, an was necessary, and he agreed to take he proposals. The Government of he changes proposed stated that the y coin but full legal tender for any t the required silver coins at Calcutta ard of 11/12th fineness and not of a 2tize all the Indian small silver coins o be inadvisable to dispense with the full legal tender. It was also urged 4 and 8 anna pieces would seriously ns in Ceylon, especially the poor and to the Indian immigrants proceeding anna piece, however, in view of the uncil condemning it, it was decided silver coin of the value of 10 cents; pees concurrently with the proposed he local coins of lower touch to oust The silver 2 anna piece was accord
Lords Commissioners of the Treasury brder in Council dated February 6, ding the Order in Council and Proclaealing “all such Colonial laws and all y Her Majesty or by the Governor, ny other than the Paper Currency r alia that
India of the standard weight of 180 lesimal fineness of 916'6, the least l’431 grammes), shall be the standard ; and that the silver rupee of Portught and fineness shall be treated as
onetized as from July 19, 1893, by Order on August 17, 1893 (Appendix F).

Page 36
12 CEYLON CURRENC
(ii.) (a) Subsidiary coins may Colony under the direction of th of Her Majesty's Mints in British and fineness specified below, each of its denomination :-
MilleCoin. Metal. simal
fineness.
Cents 50 . . Silver ... 800
25 . . 99 800
10 . . 99 ... 800 05* ... (Copper . . . - 0 . . O صصـسس , هو 0 . . Mixed ... - ပိန္နီ ... UMétéèf J (:) --
(b) Each of the following Indian below:-
Finenes
rupee or 8 anna ... 916' 6 rupee or 4 anna . . 916' 6
i rupee and a rupee to be legal tende
(iii.) Provided that the coins ha provided that, in the case of silve diminished in weight by wear or ot the weight (if any) specified as th a legal tender :-
(a) in the case of rupees, for the p
(b) in the case of other silver c.
not exceeding five rupees
(c) in the case of coins of copper
amount not exceeding hal
(iv.) If the Governor from time t value than the rupee, whether of coined and the Commissioners of th may be coined at one of the Mints m be of the same denomination as any mination; and, if of silver shall be silver coins, and of a weight bearin of the existing silver coins as the to the denominations of the existin
(v.) A coin shall be deemed to the coin has been impaired, dimini fair wear and tear, or has been de
* Nickel-bronze with 60 grains as stan of December 13, 1909 (Appendix II).

-BRITISH PERIOD.
e from time to time coined for the
Master of the Royal Mint or at one India of the denominations, weights, oin to be a llegal tender for the amount
Standard Remedy allowances wt. in grs. wit. fineness.
grains. 90 630 3 45 «V 35 ... 3 18 O 8 3 296 . . 729 . . None 7296 . . 82 599 36: 458 ... 09. 9. 18: 229 ... 0.46 y
silver coins to be legal tender as shown
Std. wt. Least
current wit.
90 grs. .. 88' 2 grs.
45 , . . 44
for cents 50 and 25 respectively.
ve not been illegally dealt with, and r coins, such coins have not become herwise so as to be of less weight than eleast current weight, they shall be
ayment of any amount;
ins, for the payment of an amount
or mixed metal for the payment of an
a rupee.
o time requests any new coins of less ilver, copper, or mixed metal to be e Treasury approve, these new coins ntioned above, and such new coinmay existing coin, or of a different denoof the same fineness as the existing the same proportion to the weights lenomination of the new coin bears
coins.
ave been illegally dealt with where hed, or lightened otherwise than by ced by having any name, word, or
rd weight substituted by Proclamation

Page 37
CEYLON CURRENCY
device, or number stamped therec been thereby diminished or lighten
(vi.) This Order shall come int 1892, and may be cited as "The C
The Order in Council was proclair from and after July 1, 1892, but the viz., silver 10, 25, and 50 cents, nece be altered to October 1, 1892, by a June 28, 1892, published in Ceylon o
23. English Copper too disappeal Coinage (Ceylon) Order, 1892', th current in the Island since the begin legal tender.
24. Coins minted.--During the pe pieces and 32,328,000 half cent piece All the coins supplied on indents fro dated 1870.
W.-1898-1908. THE SILWER 0
CURRENCY
(i.) The First Соттіззіот, vhen thë silve
25. Silver rupee and its gold valu in India had been in use in Ceylon fr “Company's' rupee was made legal 1, 1872. The Order in Council of shillings. Until 1893 the currency freely minted, the gold value of the of silver bullion. The Government Act of 1870 to issue rupees, weight fol From about 1873 the price of silver st early in June 1893 the rupee was only Indian Government fixed the value c make the value of the rupee approxin more scarce, it closed the mints to th the sale of Council Bills.
Соттissio
This action of the Indian Govern Ceylon Silver Currency Commission
* Defaced coins are not legal tender. Di or such other alteration on the surface o tinguishable from the effects of reasonabl Manual, 1938.'
t Bengal Regulation XXXV. of 1793 s.

BRITISH PERIOD. 13
n, whether the coin has or has not >d.* ) operation on the lst day of July, oinage (Ceylon) Order, 1892'.
ned on June 23, 1892, to take effect delay in the arrival of the new coins, issitated the date for its operation to n Amending Order in Council dated n July 21, 1892.
-With the proclamation of "The e English copper which had been ning of British rule also ceased to be
riod 1870-1892, 41,014,143 one cent s were obtained from the Royal Mint. m 1870 to 1889 appear to have been
RISIS. APPOINTMENT OF TWO COMMISSIONS.
India put an artificial value on
r rиреe.
e.-Silver rupees which were current om about the year 1676 although the tender only with effect from January June 18, 1869, rated the rupee at 2 of India was on the basis of silver rupee fluctuating with the gold value of India were bound by the Coinage weight, in exchange for silver bullion. ated in terms of gold fell steadily, and worth lls. 2d. On June 26, 1893, the if the rupee at ls. 4d. and, in order to nate to that rate by rendering the coin le free coinage of rupees and withheld
т. appoiтied.
ment led to the appointment of the l, consisting of the Auditor-General
efacement includes clipping, filing, stamping r in the shape of a coin as is readily disle wear. " Government of India Resource
pecifies no less than 27 varieties of rupees.

Page 38
14 CEYLON CURRENCY
(Hon. Mr. James A. Swettenham), as Ch Collector of Customs, the Chairman ( Chairman of the Planters' Association, was asked to consider and report as to
(l) the probable effect in Ceylon of t. in putting an artificial value C (2) the measures which it may be
interests of the Colony under
Commission
26. (a) Effect of falling rate of exch of the evidence and the statistics col
during the preceding 20 years (1873 to had been falling, the effect of the fall h
Mercantile interests.-Asfar as the the local merchant had had a great progressive increase of exports and t Colombo; on the other hand, he h; fluence of a constantly fluctuating shrinkage of capital engaged in busin
Producers” interests.-The Europ whose expenditure was largely on ur low exchange. The circumstances C little or no property had varied ver Island. The standard of living of and wages had risen in many distri
Immigrants' interests.-As regards appear to have received any direct could only have benefited througl enabling him to offer employment to
English Civilians’ interests.-The English Civil Servants two distinct s of falling and (ii) the permanently under the first source had been col Servants who paid insurance prem rupees which were on the average o than would be obtained when the realized; and any sums of money with the ultimate intention of being were now of much less value in sterli
Government interests.-As far as increase of revenue had been accon

-BRITISH PERIOD.
hairman, the Treasurer, the Principal of the Chamber of Commerce, the and four others. The Commission
he action of the Indian Government
on the rupee; and
expedient' to take to protect the
the altered nature of the currency.
з јітdings.
lange.-After a careful examination
lected, the Commussion found that 1893) while the gold price of silver
ad been as follows :-
merchants' interests were concerned er volume of business owing to the o the increase of shipping calling at ad suffered from the harassing inexchange and the drawback of the ess, when measured in terms of gold.
ean and native owners of estates skilled labour had benefited by the of the ordinary labourer who had y much in different parts of the labourers had increased generally cts.
immigrant labourers they did not benefit from falling exchange, and n the prosperity of the employer
a larger number of immigrants.
all in exchange had brought on the sources of hardship: (i) the process low value of the rupee. The losser, hsiderable amongst the senior Civil lia and contributions to funds in f a very much higher sterling value object of the payments came to be saved and retained in the Colony transferred to Europe on retirement ing than they originally were.
the Government was concerned, the mpanied by an increase in the gold

Page 39
CEYLON CURRENCY
debt and gold payments. The pr was the main cause of the satisfact and if that prosperity were material which also effected a saving to the Gc direct saving so effected might not probable shrinkage of revenue.
General position.-As regards the trade, the statistics pointed to a gene period when the fall of the rupee was conclusive that that fall had na necessary English capital : in fact, for investment on reasonable ter. before.
(b) Effect of raising gold value.-T up to the present time a bullion silver of exchange, had been for the benefit c sum of the advantages had preponder tages ; but that, as far as they could s India in putting an artificial value on the general interests of Ceylon.
The Commissioners did not think tha sterling value of the rupee would, if ec silver using countries, seriously affect t effect of the action of the Indian Gover at 1s. 4d. had so far not been to raise short period of speculation) above its pr divergence between the token currenc coin (on June 1, 1893, the divergence it had risen to 2d.), and it was this feared would menace the prosperity of There was no doubt that, if this dive would only retain their markets by ac imperil the prosperity of the larges The growing divergence between bullio rupee would also offer an ever-increasi
27. Future effects.-As regards th opinion that 3 things might happen to of gold: (1) it might remain stational might increase. The effect upon Ceylo action in each of these 3 cases, the ( follows:-
In the first case, producers of tea a as regards rivals in silver standard cou producers would be still handicapped

BRITSE PERIOD. 5
osperity of the producing interests iory condition of Colonial Revenue, ly checked by a change in currency vernment on its gold obligations, the be a sufficient compensation for the
general position of Ceylon and its }ral increase of prosperity during the was most marked. The evidence ot prevented the introduction of all there was more capital offering ms than had ever been the case
he Commission was of opinion that currency, coupled with a falling rate of the greatest number, and that the ated over the sum of the disadvanee, the action of the Government of the rupee was not advantageous to
it a gradual and moderate rise in the pually felt by the currencies of other he prosperity of the Colony; but the nment in fixing the rate of exchange the value of the rupee (except for a e-existing value, but to create a great y value and the bullion value of the was 1/32d. but on February 8, 1894, divergence in values which they some of the Island's staple products. rgence were large, Ceylon products cepting prices so low as to seriously t producing classes in the Island. in value and the scarcity value of the ng temptation to illicit coinage.
he future, the Commission was of the value of silvermeasured in terms cy; (2) it might diminish; or (3) it in, if she were to take no independent 3ommission considered would be as
ned coconuts would be handicapped untries. In the second case, Ceylon to the extent to which the action

Page 40
6 CEYLON CURRENC
of the Indian Government was succes above the value of the pure silver co disadvantage to Ceylon would tend appeared entirely.
28. What measures it may be exp of the Colony under the altered natu the remedies proposed, viz.: (a) Int commerce, and (c) a Ceylon rupee, the impossible at the time as all nations subject had already been decided upc favour of the British sovereign or th the Government of India had telegrapl 16, 1893, that Ceylon must not be al rupees resembling the Indian rupe (1893-1894) had decided that Colo) any coin which they issue to be so mistaken for it.
29. Conclusion.-In these circur opinion that a change of currency wou lower, but disadvantageous in every o bility of Ceylon obtaining rice and countries instead of India, they c the course of trade might turn agai largelyindebted to India in that respect able to advise the Government of Ce currency of India, as the risks inse great as, if not greater than, those w at the present time.
(ii.) The Second Coтті88іот,
caused a scarc
30. Sovereign again made legal te coins were first declared legal tender i October 16, 1852, and October 22, were revoked by the Order in Council the “Company's' rupee and its sil legal tender ' The Indian Coinage a made gold legal tender in India and, a being able to retain a portion of the C intrinsic value and small bulk such a artificial value and large bulk like th September 26, 1901, was issued cons' again in the Island at the rate of Rs. force with effect from October 25, date (Appendix G).

-BRITISH PERIOD.
sful in raising the value of the rupee ntained in it. In the third case, the constantly to diminish until it dis
edient to take to protect the interests ‘e of the currency.-After discussing ernational bimetallism, (b) a coin of Commission reported that (a) seemed would not agree; as regards (b), the in by a Royal Commission in 1868 in 2 pound sterling; and as regards (c), led to the Secretary of State on March lowed to coin in her own mints new }; and Lord Herchell's Committee nial Governments should not allow similar to the Indian rupee as to be
nstances, the Commission was of ld be profitable only if silver fell still ther case; and in regard to the possiother supplies from silver standard ame to the conclusion that while nst India, Ceylon must still remain 1. The Commission was therefore unylon to sever its connection with the parable from such a change were as ich might be expected frominaction
when the reintroduction of gold ity of silver. nder.--English and Australian gold in Ceylon by Orders in Council dated 1856, respectively. These Orders of June 18, 1869, which ordained that ver subdivisions “ shall be the sole ind Paper Currency Act of 1899 had is there was an obvious advantage in urrency Note Reserve in coin with an the sovereign rather than in coin of le rupee, an Order in Council dated ituting the sovereign a legal tender 15 a sovereign, and was brought into 1901, by Proclamation of the same

Page 41
CEYLON CURRENCY
31. Importation of silver rupees di of silver. A Commission appointed. was passed permitting the Commissi well as silver in exchange for curren could import gold coins at about 1/l being about 3/16 per cent. and the ra practically discontinued the importa heavy demands on the stock of silve The silver reserve fell during 1902 fr 2 milliohas while the gold in the reserv scarcity of silver was injuriously affe became a matter of considerable an Government appointed a Commissio Mr. A. G. Lascelles) as Chairman to in scarcity of silver in the Colony and present difficulty and of preventing it
Соттission’s 7
32. (i.) To meet the existing diffle the immediate importation of 20 lacs in exchange for gold in the reserve, and to amend local ordinances by provi from Ceylon for the purpose of exchan for Ceylon, may be regarded for the as a part of the Commissioners” reserv
(ii.) To meet future scarcity.-The prevent a future scarcity of silver wer
(l, Repeal of Ordinance No. 13 of (a) limitation of the gold res the option of issuing or refusi for gold.
(2) Imposition of an import duty o (3) Prohibition of importation of so
(4) Increase of subsidiary coinage
tender.
(5) Issue of notes of smaller value t (6) Importation of rupees by Gover (7) Allowing the present situation t (8) Minting of a Ceylon rupee, its a
(a) it would make Ceylon ind
(b) it would render unnecess Indian rupees;

-BRITISH PERIOD. 7
scontinued by banks, causing scarcity -When Ordinance No. 13 of 190 oners of Currency to receive gold as y notes, the banks found that they i per cent. cheaper (the rate for gold te for silver 4 per cent.), and they tion of silver. Their action caused in the hands of the Commissioners. m over 5 million rupees to less than e rose to over 6 million rupees. The ting trade and causing alarm, and it ciety. On 5th Novembel, 1902, the n with the Attorney. General (Hon. quire into and report on the existing to suggest some way of meeting the securrence.
есотетаatiот8.
ulty.--The Commission recommended of rupees by Government from India, i suggested that it would be advisable ding explicitly that gold in transit ging for rupees, and rupees in transit
purpose of the Currency Ordinance re.
proposals put forward with a view to e
1901 ; or its modification by either erve, or (b) giving the Commissioners ng to issue currency notes in exchange
h sovereigns. vereigns from India.
and raising the limit of its legal
han Rs. 5.
nment.
continue.
lvantages being that
pendent of India for her currency;
ry the bringing down from India of

Page 42
18 CEYLON CURRENCY
(c) it would bring a handsor
(d) it would be on a stron absolutely convertible
The Commission considered (2) an quate ; and (6) and (7) impolitic. As the advantages which would ensue if which would remain in the Island, t recommend its adoption until the q by competent authorities outside the own rupees at the rate of Rs. 15 to the take the sole burden of a liability w the liability, namely, to keep up the fore suggested increasing the supply c section 3 of Ordinance No. 13 of 190 the Currency Commissioners might ha in exchange for gold coin whenever th the amount of gold coin held as reser refuse to issue notes for a coin whi to sound currency principles and pra adopt it, the Commission saw no sati. Ordinance No. 13 of 190l and also gold a legal tender. The Secretary o Ordinance could be amended in the n so long as the sovereign remained leg
33. Coins minted.--The table be during the period 1892-1903 inclusiv
Deno
Silver
Copper ʼ ʼ V
W-1904-1936. INTRODUCTION OF
THE COPPER FIWE CEN
PIECES AND THE SC
IN NENESS OF
CON
34. A nickel coinage proposed.- the question whether a nickel coinag existing copper coinage. The Gove as it stated that a nickel coinage fo matter was put off to be taken up suscitated with the introduction of proposed that, in lieu of the incon

-BRITISH PEROD.
he profit to Government; and
ger basis than the Indian rupee, if
with gold.
l (3) unworkable; (4) and (5) inade
regards (l) and (8), while admitting the Colony had a separate rupee coin he Commission was not prepared to uestion was thoroughly investigated : Island, especially as, by issuing its sovereign, “the Colony would underhich at present is borne by Indiagold value of the rupee'. It theref small silver and recommended that l should be further amended so that ve the power to decline to issue notes ey thought it inexpedient to increase ve. If, however, it was ruled that to ph was legal tender was so opposed ctice that it would be dangerous to sfactory alternative but the repeal of of the Order in Council constituting f State however did not see how the aanner suggested by the Commission altender.
low shows subsidiary coins minted
YA * M 0.
mination. No. of Pieces. 50 , ο 2,700,000 "25 5,000,000 10 13,500,000 01 s a 9,342,487 0. 12,060,000
NICKEL, DEMONETIZATION OF T AND QUARTER CENT VEREIGN. REDUCTION SUBSIDIARY SILVER AGE.
n 1904 the Legislative Council raised e should not be substituted for the rnment of India was consulted and, c India was under consideration, the later. In 1907 the question was reche nickel anna in India, and it was renient and cumbersome copper five

Page 43


Page 44
No.
Obsolete Copper Coins
FIVE CE
QUARTER
 
 

struck in England.
NTS,
CENT

Page 45
CEYLON CURRENCY.
cent piece of 2916 grs., Ceylon too sl size and shape as the Indian anna. approved by the Home Government ow ment of India that Ceylon should not the Indian coins; and since it had perforated coins for India, the Mint re. coin with rounded corners. The Secr mendation.
35. Nickel coin legalized.-A Proc (Appendix II), declared the cupro-nic Ceylon with effect from January 1, 19 Colonies and the Lords of the Treas Council was necessary for the purpose Coinage Order of February 6, 1892. nickel and 75 per cent. copper and w the remedy allowance being a weigh piece in every 40 pieces. A proposal introduction of which fresh legislati abandoned on the advice, in January and Assessor of the Royal Mint.
36. Copper five cent and quarter clamation of December 13, 1909, als dated October 18, 1909, demonetizing 1, 1910 (Appendix H). It also remov, cent piece of copper with effect fron out by the Treasury that it had copper five cent piece was not lege extension was allowed so that it cou. up to December 31, 1910, at the TI also received at Post Offices in payme 37. Subsidiary Silver Coinage. Mil 550.--When the price of silver whicl an ounce, rose to 47d. in 1918, there v actual circulation due to hoarding received that it was causing much har were proposed to meet the situation as in the Straits Settlements; or (2) first proposal was dropped as it was most insanitary after a short time a life and the considerable staff that wo their registration and destruction. T was that, if coins of the millesimal fine Coinage Order of 1892 were to be mir value of the coins due to the prevaili time-January 1919-had risen to

-BRITISH PERIOD. 19
hould have a nickel coin of the same
The proposal, however, was not ing to a strong protest by the Governbe allowed to issue a coin resembling already been decided not to adopt commended the adoption of a square etary of State approved this recom
lamation dated December 13, 1909 kel five cent piece legal tender in )10. The Secretary of State for the sury were agreed that no Order in 2 in view of section 3 of the Ceylon The new coin contains 25 per cent. eighs 60 grains (= 3888 grammes), t not exceeding the weight of one to use a pure nickel coin-for the on was considered necessary-was 1926 of Sir Thomas Rose, Chemist
cent pieces demonetized.—The Proo promulgated an Order in Council he copper five cent coin as from July ed from Ceylon currency the quarter n the same date as it was pointed ceased to circulate. Although the l tender after June 30, 1910, an ld be exchanged for the nickel coin reasury and the Kachcheries, and nt for stamps, telegrams, &c.
lesimal fineness reduced from 800 to n, in normal times, was about 29d. was a great scarcity of small silver in and melting, and complaints were dship in the villages. Two remedies : (1) to issue small currency notes to mint a stock of new coins. The 2Onsidered that such notes would be nd very costly owing to their short ould be required in connection with he objection to the second proposal sness of 800 prescribed by the Ceylon hted, the cost would exceed the face ng high price of silver which at the
49d., an ounce. At this rate, it

Page 46
20 CEYLON CURRENCY
was observed that, exclusive of f piece of -
50 would cost Govel
25 . 10 .
whereas with silver at 29d. Jin ounce
37 l cents for E
5' 6 .
6' 4 . In these circumstances, the Govel State with a view to getting the Coin the issue of small silver with a reduct a fair margin of profit, though not so
38. Seeretary of State agrees to a State had no objection to a reduction the fineness below 550. This was a Council dated May 8, 1919, was issued be substituted for 800 ” as millesimal for 3' as the corresponding remed twenty-five cent, and ten cent piece fixed by the Governor by Proclamati 1919, fixed September 1, 1919, as the into force (Appendix J).
39. Demonetization of Small silve provided for-Section 2 of the Order that “the Governor may, by Proclan Commissioners of the Treasury and ( taries of State, declare that Ceylon cent pieces, coined up to and includir by Proclamation under section 1 of th notwithstanding anything in the C. amending that Order '.
40. A Post-War Silver Crisis-Effet silver rupees.--In 1919 the Colomb experienced considerable inconvenie to the embargo on the export of silv serious setback in the export trade a Government of India was appealed Bank of Madras (now the Imperial B. The Government of Ceylon also unde currency notes in Colombo against cul of the Secretary of State was obtai currency notes in Madras in Indian E end of the same year, after a Confere Government of India, currency not were issued to the Bank of Madras

-BRITISH PERIOD.
reight from Calcutta to Colombo, a
niment 62* 7 cents 26' 3 cents 108 cents
, the cost exclusive of freight, was
"50 piece "25 piece 10 piece
nment approached the Secretary of age Order of 1892 amended to permit 2d fineness of 500, which would leave large as formerly.
fineness of 550.-The Secretary of , but did not favour the lowering of greed to and an Amending Order in | declaring (section 1) that “ 550 shall fineness and '5 shall be substituted y allowance for Ceylon fifty cent, s, coined after such date as may be on. Proclamation dated August 29, date on which this section shall come
r coined prior to September 1, 1919, in Council of 1919, further ordained nation made with the approval of the one of His Majesty's Principal Secrefifty cent, twenty-five cent, and ten ng such date as may have been fixed e Order, shall cease to be legal tender binage Order, 1892, and the Orders
its of the Indian embargo on export of o Banks ran short of currency and nce in financing local exports owing er rupees from India. This led to a ind a fall in the price of copra. The to and it granted permission to the ank) to export 3 million silver rupees. rtook to issue to the Bank of Madras rency notes in Madras. The approval ned to invest the sum so received in per cent. War Loan. Towards the nce at Madras and discussion with the es amounting to 30 lakhs of rupees against a sterling credit in London.

Page 47
CEYLON CURRENCY
41. Lowering of legal tender rate to Rs. 10 due to rise in price of silv 1893 the Government of India had su of the rupee at 1s. 4d. In 1899 an sovereign legal tender at this rate. 47d. an ounce and in 1919 to 57d. Currency Committee recommended t fixed at 1/10 of the gold content of grains of fine gold; and in February a rate of 2s. to the rupee for the c vice versa. By June 1920 it was fou had not only departed from the par support from the export market, had the price of silver having soared to 6 of India therefore decided to remove import of gold bullion and coins and sovereign should cease to be legal t the sovereign should be received at moratorium expiring on July 12 whe new ratio of Rs. 10.
42. Ceylon proposes similar actic permanent demonetization of the so stances, the Government of Ceylon June 1920, (a) the further amendme Order in Council of 1901, which lega in Ceylon too should cease to be lega ment and should again be legal tende of Rs. 10; (b) to allow a moratorium amendment of the Coinage Order d ceived by the Government at Rs. 15 on melting of sovereigns.* The Se the removal of the prohibition again the entire repeal of the Coinage Am that sovereigns might cease to be leg sufficient reason why the Ceylon C Rs. 15 to the sovereign for gold whic on the basis of its intrinsic value. ) no vital objection to permanent demo to local sentiment and would also ir gested that the matter be reconsidere demonetization was the best course in Council of 1901, would be repeale August 13, 1920, was accordingly is 1920, sovereigns should cease to be
* Ordinance No. 33 of 1917 empowered and silver coins.

-BRITISH PERIOD. 2
of a sovereign in India from Rs. 15. er and exchange fluctuations.–Since cceeded in maintaining the gold value Act was passed declaring the British
The price of silver r, se in 1918 to Thereupon the Indian Exchange and hat the value of the rupee should be a sovereign, i.e., Re. 1 for il 30016 , 1920, the Indian Government fixed onversion of sterling into rupees and und that the market rates of exchange ity of gold but also, through lack of
fallen below the parity of 2 shillings, 1 9/16d. an ounce. The Government as from June 21 the restrictions over to declare that the sovereign and half ender until further notice, but that the existing ratio of Rs. 15 during a in it would again be legal tender at a
in but the Secretary of State decides vereign in Ceylon.--In these circumproposed to the Secretary of State in nt of the Ceylon Coinage Amendment lized the sovereign so that sovereigns | tender from the date of such amend*r on October 1, 1920, at the new rate of 14 days from the date of the further uring which sovereigns would be re; and (c) the removal of the embargo 2retary of State had no objection to st melting of sovereigns but preferred 2ndment Order in Council of 1901, so gal tender in Ceylon. He did not see overnment should give exchange of h might be left to find its own market He was informed that, while there was netization, such a course was opposed convenience tourists, and it was sugd. He however, held that permanent and replied that the Amending Order i in toto. An Order in Council dated sued directing that as from August 7
legal tender in Ceylon (Appendix K) he Governor to prohibit the melting of gold

Page 48
22 CEYLON CURRENCY
43. Import and export of sovereign 1920, published in the Gazette of the 3 from Cevlon of sovereigns and ha) withdrawn v Proclamation dated J was issued by the Principal Collecto gold coins. Wnen the sovereign cea prohibition against meltirg of sovereig of the Secretary of State in order to e the Treasury for local industrial purp
44. Minting of subsidiary coins.-V coins which came from Birmingham, from the Royal Mint, London, until t approval of the Secretary of State : supplied small silver and copper, and The latter also supplied the subsidiary 1919, as the Calcutta Mint was pressed all coinage was supplied by the Calcut to Calcutta was due to consideration 1924 the Deputy Master of the Royal should again be obtained from Londo plant at the Royal Mint had been co. to execute orders with greater rapidi position to supply the silver bullion fr silver (i.e., without the costs incurred the metal). Accordingly, in 1926, th Royal Mint.
45. Minting charges.--The cost to each denomination, including metal, m &c. (at Re. 1.=ls. 6d.) was
Denomination.
50: Silver - 25* 0k Nickel 05
O. Copper CG
The average annual profit deriv issue of its subsidiary coinage for th Rs... 84,800.
46. Design of Subsidiary coinage. current are of the common 'round with rounded corners. On the obv
* Silver at 3:

-BRITISH PERIOD.
-The Proclamation dated April 28, 0th idem, prohibited the exportation f-sovereigns. This prohibition was uly 30, 1920, and a general licence
of Customs for the importation of led to be legal tender in Ceylon the ns was withdrawn with the approval ncourage the flow of gold coins from SeS,
Vith the exception of the 1912 nickel the subsidiary coinage was obtained he year 1913. Thereafter, with the or the Colonies, the Calcutta Mint the Bombay Mint the nickel coins. silver coins of 550 fineness ordered in with work at the time. From 1922, ta. Mint. The change from London s of cost and quicker delivery. In Mint suggested that the Ceylon coins n, as the mechanical equipment and nsiderably extended and it was able ty and despatch, and was also in a om surplus stock at the net price of by the Crown Agents in purchasing e work was again transferred to the
o Government in 1926 per piece of hanufacture, freight, landing charges,
Cost. Cts.
20' 48 O' 64 478 Ol 83 48
ed by the Government from the e 10 years 1900-1909 amounted to
-The silver and copper coins now type, but the nickel piece is square rse the sovereign's name, title and
d. an ounce.

Page 49


Page 50
NE
Obsolate Copper Coins struck
LA F BRITTTI TA' FEIR =
 
 
 

at the Royal Mint.
1/436 ir. Ti.

Page 51
CEYLON CURRENCY
crowned effigy are shown facing right accession ; e.g. Queen Victoria fac s t and King George V. the left. On
in the nickel five cent piece), the valu English characters and in Arabic nu date of minting and the word “Ceylc
46A.* The following table giving various obsolete coins may be of in various numbers of cents :-
Coin. Name
Dutch challie . . ... S. Al T. All
Dutch challie (3 stuiver) ... S. T.
T". V
English challie (stuiver) S. Sa T. Sa
Stuiver or pice . . . . S. Ti
T
Six tuttu Sa Fanam P
4 Fanams, “ sixpence ”
8 Fanams, “ shilling' Si
Rix-dollar P
Ir 'Pond' P
S
The fanam equals 6 cents, but si system is reckoned at 6; the quarter true values. Thus, 2 and 3 fanams : 12 and 183 cents. To reduce to ce tation any number of fanams over 4, of the last quarter rupee; e.g., for 6 f the true calculation, of course, being
47. Coins minted.--The number 1904-1929 inclusive are shown bei 1930-1936. ふ
Denon
Silver . . {
*
Nickel . . 8 • Copper . . 8 is (
* “Ceylon Coins and Currency '

BRITISH PERIOD. 23.
, or left, there being a change at each he left, King Edward VIII. the right, the reverse, a tallipot palm (except e of the coin in Sinhalese, amil, and merals (except in coppf coins), the on' are impressed.
the Sinhalese and Tamil names for nterest, as they are still applied to
True Vulgar
in Vernacular. Value in Value in.
Cents. Cents.
lukkala A. - raic-calli 器器 ·· ambasalliya ellaic-calli, tam- 釜爵 ·· paccalli
Iliya ° li 器盛 ·· Juttuwa, uddu 1芷 .... l uttaliya & 8 9盏 ·· 9 88. O 6: .. 6 anamhatara 25 . . 25 lima lin 50) .. . 50
tagaya, ridi paha aiyal; vulgar, irasal 75 . . 75
W W. Rs. O . . Rs. O
ince the introduction of the decimal 's of the rupee, however, retain their are reckoned at 12 and 18 instead of nts according to the vulgar compuadd 6 or a multiple of 6 to the value anams, add 12 to 25, result 37 cents, 37 cents.
of subsidiary coins minted from low. No coins were minted from
mination. No. of Pieces.
50 9,568,000 25 o 1,343,000 O 25, 182,116 )5 19,000,000 m 66,847,095 ) m 29,225,704
by H. W. Codrington, p. 153.

Page 52
24 CEYLON CURRENC
48. Circulation of subsidiary coin of subsidiary coins at December 31, per capita circulation in respect of th
Small silver. Nickel.
Rs. Rs. 191Ꮞ . . 5 , 907,000 . . 8ᏕᏮ,000 1924 ... 10,216,211 .. 659,300 1934 ... 9,714,96) . 700,200 198Ꮾ . . Ꮽ,54Ꮽ,ᏭᏮI . , 780, 100
49. Exchange.--Ceylon having a as her standard coin accepted also own official rate; and when the Gove to 2s. to the rupee Ceylon Governm October 1, 1920. When India, lowere Ceylon followed suit with effect fron rate was again changed to ls. 6d. wit remains the official rate of exchange t
PART .---THE
W-1796-1883. EARLY ISSUES:
PAPER, STERLING NOT
50. Kredit Brieven.——The First P by the Dutch in 1785, exactly a hur of the present Government Note Is Brieven and were payable to bearer at the rate of 48 stuivers for each May 10, 1785, and consisted of note: the aggregate value of RD 25,000. and Tamil, and signed by three officia and had to be endorsed by the hold April 1787. The second issue was RD 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 not in December of the same year and ) made between 1787 and 1795. In ad in 1789 and 1790 for use at Battical Trincomalee. In 1796 cash notes C also issued: RD 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10. found to have been falsified and rule
51. Kredit Brieven taken Over b Article 6 of the Capitulation of Colo) Dutch in 1796 the notes which w of £50,000 sterling and agreed to issu interest at the rate of 3 per cent. pay,
* Includes o 50 and * 25 pieces issued fou value of coins so issued in 1936 amounted cent pieces. The Maldivians use these coir India and their own copper (viz., one lari a

Y-BRITISH PERIOD,
ge.-The estimated gross circulation 194, 1924, 1934, and 1936 and the 2se years stood as follows :-
Copper. Total. Per capita. Rs. Rs. Rs. 996,305 . . 7,289,305 ... 1 74 1,189,705 . . 2,065,216 .. 251 1,474,005 . . ll,889, 166 .. 2 4 1,508,555 . . 11,788,616, . . 2 * 09
ccepted the rupee of British India, the Indian rate of exchange as her rnment of India raised it from 18. 4d. 2nt too adopted the 2s. rate as from d the rate to ls. 4d. on April 1, 1923, 1 October 1 of the same year. The h effect from October 1, 1928, and it o this day.
PAPER CURRENCY,
KREDIT BRIEVEN, RIXIDOLLAR ES AND BANK NOTES.
aper Currency in Ceylon was issued dred years before the establishment sue. The notes were called Kredit on demand in Ceylon copper coin ixdollar. The first issue was dated 3 for RD 50, 100, 500, and 1,000, to Each note was in Dutch, Sinhalese, ls. It carried interest at 3 per cent. er. The first issue was cancelled in in October 1785 and consisted of es. Third and fourth issues followed May 1786, and thirteen issues were dition to these, there were two issues oa and one issue in 1788 for use at f the following denominations were In 1793 certain Kredit Brieven were were made to protect the public.
y the British-In accordance with mbo, the British took over from the re then in circulation up to a limit certificates for the amount bearing ble half-yearly.
circulation in the Maldive Islands. The to Rs. 68,000 approximately, all in fifty 3 in addition to the silver rupee of British ud four lari pieces). 120 laris = Re. l.

Page 53
NNNNNNN مة
TITTE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ܮܮ
R
een Ryxds: \\
ශිෂ්‍යදායී
يعه لتقلين مما يق
7§ א
R
ಙ್ వౌన్సెస్ T్య
CTE E

Page 54


Page 55
CEYLON CURRENCY
52. Kredit Brieven redeemed and . 1800, currency notes, generally of the 25, were issued by the British to th: val by a second issue to the extent of RI redeemed gradually*. The notus wer demand at 45 fanams or RD 3 to the S a small premium on account of its s money. In October 1801 the estimatec 53. Further Issues. Counterfeiting 1820, the paper currency amounted Several counterfeits came to light and, tion 3 was issued in 1820, requiring th means of a “ dry ftamp'. This was thinness of the paper and by Regulatio by a stamp in black ink on the back of 54. Withdrawal and Cancellation 0 5 of 1823 the notes of the value of RD of that year. By Regulation 8 of the 100 of a date prior to May 5 were a the Colombo Kachcheri. Between 18 notes had been withdrawn. The not RD 1,561,669.
55. Sterling Notes replace Paper Rix of March 23, 1825, introduced Sterling local Government issued Regulation accounts should be kept in pounds, 8 of 1827 enacted that Government in the currency of the Island “shall p and a new paper currency to the exte Regulation, expressed in terms of sterl £ l, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 50. These ) in specie on demand ; but the holder to the holders of the old inconverti them for bills on London at the ra Regulation 9 of 1827 all rixdollar pa withdrawn and on September 1, 1830, note circulation at that date amountec 56. Privilege of Note Issue granted Notes issued by Government.-After Banks began to spring up in the Colc establishment being the power to issue from. In 1844 the local Government it lawful for Banks, duly licensed, to is notes for any sum amounting to El or
* Most of the KreditBrieven werepurgrhase
The few outstanding notes were paid off in
3--J. N. 81971 (2139)

BRITISH PERIOD. 25
Rixdollar Paper issued.-In March, denominations of RD 100, 50, and le of RD 30,000. This was followed } 45,00\\ ; the Kredit Brieven being : exchai geable at the Treasury on tar Pagoda. The pape. commanded uperior convenience to the copper
note circulation was £10,000. s.--Further issues followed and, in to nearly 2 million rixdollars. in order to prevent forgery, Regulae value of the note to be added by not found satisfactory owing to the n. 7 of the same year it was replaced
the note. Paper Rixdollars.-By Regulation 1 were called in as from August 31 same year all notes of RD 50 and so withdrawn, owing to a theft at 20 and 1825 nearly RD 866,016 in e circulation in 1825 amounted to
dollars.-. When the Order in Council ; currency into all the Colonies, the 8 of 1825 ordaining that public shillings, and pence. Regulation notes expressed in pounds payable ass current at 20 shillings sterling' nt of £90,000 was issued under this ng money, the denominations being notes were payable at the Treasury s were not allowed the right given ble rixdollar paper of exchanging te fixed by the Government. By per (except RD 2 and RD 5) were the latter too were called in. The
to £110,858. to Banks. Withdrawal of Sterling the close of the Napoleonic Wars, nies, the chief inducement to their notes and the profits arising therepassed Ordinance No. 23 making sue on unstamped paper promissory upwards, each licence to be annual
l by Government at 60 percent. discount. 912 and cancelled. Vide note on p. 34.

Page 56
26 CEYLON CURRENCY
and subject to a half-yearly composit fraction thereof, and to a stamp dut, notes under the authority of a Chart The Western Bank of Indi and the under thè title “ Oriental lank Corp tile Bank oi India, London, and Chi of this Ordinance. On December 2 issued a Minute notifying,
“ that the whole of the Treasur. 1856, will be withdrawn as they and sent to England to be cancell inconvenience that might arise fr Notes in commercial transactions, by its Charter of Incorporation has Government to be a sufficient sec received at all Kachcheries in payı ment, precisely as the Treasury Ni
Government Notes thus ceased to e. after their withdrawal the notes of the Chartered Mercantile Bank only v
In 1861 Ordinance No. 23 of 184 which authorized the two Banks m authorized by Royal Charter or Lette tion duly issued by the Governor, to i 10s. or upwards subject to the ha duty of 10s. for every £100 or fracti such notes issued and in circulation (
W-1884-1936. FAILURE OF T TION AND THE RE-ESTA
NOTE
57. Bank suspends Payments.—TI had had a prosperous run for 33 ye causing a collapse of credit and bring still. Its note issue at the time an issue of the Chartered Mercantile Ba notes, amounted to Rs. 921,495. Th formed an integral part of the Island lost their value the panic among all cl and severe. Taxes could not be co labour employed, nor even provisio. culty. It was even found necessary of Post Office orders.
58. Governor guarantees Bank N Note Issue.-Sir Arthur Gordon, wi titude intervened and in order to

-BRITISH PERIOD.
ion duty of 3s.6d. for every £100 or r of £20 except where a Bank issued ir Yr Letters Patent from the Crown.
B. nk of Ceylon (later incorporated ration') and the Chartered Mercanna, issued notes under the authority 8, 1855, Governor Sir Henry Ward
7 Notes in circulation on January 1, ame into the hands of Government :d; and that in order to obviate any om the withdrawal of the Treasury the notes of the Oriental Bank which given what appears to Her Majesty's urity for their convertibility will be ment of amounts due to the Governotes have been received hitherto.'
xist as a medium of circulation and, the Oriental Bank Corporation and vere in circulation in the Island. 4 was repealed by Ordinance No. 2 entioned above or any other Bank irs Patent or named in any Proclamaissue notes for any sum amounting to lf-yearly payment of a composition on thereof of the average amount of luring such half year.
HE ORIENTAL BANK CORPORABLISHMENT OF A STATE
ISSUE. he Oriental Bank Corporation which
ars closed its doors on May 3, 1884, ing the trade of the Island to a standhounted to Rs. 3,211,085. The note nk, the only other bank which issued enotes of the Oriental Bank therefore 's currency, and when these suddenly asses of the community was immediate lected, Courts of Justice approached, is bought without considerable diffito suspend for 24 hours the payment
otes and recommends a Government h statesmanlike courage and prompirrest the growing panic and restore

Page 57
脊 AHRLISHER
է 1 :
पिएँ
RHESTE 呜憎
སྡེ་
 

授)
ae@*இலங்கைஅாச

Page 58


Page 59
CEYLON CURRENCY
confidence, undertook on May 5, 1884, t the obligations of the insolvent bank
culation in the Island. In inforring taking given, the Governor requested h note issue to any bank that may be a and proposed the establishment of a ( a draft ordinance and urging, inter alia
“The Oriental Bank Corporation issue in Ceylon; it has had the adva banking business of the local Gove genuity could devise to secure its st and imposed on it by law; yet on th with disastrous consequences. Wha bank, may, and probably will, hap that may take its place with the I again see the paper currency of the cent. within a stone's throw of th valueless in more distant places; we tion of all business and a total coll Government itself, threatened.
“We shall again be brought face t of the people being unable to buy f the chetties who are the principal to the Solicitor-General for leave to stores; and again will Government i with a guarantee-fortunate if by at the risk of heavy pecuniary loss
“Is it wise, is it right, is it poss of such events 2 Is it worthwhile adherence, -I am inclined to say rules laid down some 30 years ago and with a view to circumstances a will be risked, and the scenes of las repeated, if the privilege of a note : the Oriental Bank. They will certa remains a Crown Colony, if the note ment.”
59. Home Authorities take excep of State (Lord Derby) and the Lords impressed with the difficulties of the to the guarantee given, the latter obse
(a) that the Governor should have
of State full details of instructions;

-BRITISH PERIOD, 27
so transfer to the Colonial Exchequer in respect of the notes then in cirthe Secretary of State of the underim nou to concede the privilege of a bout te replace the Oriental Bank, 3overnment Note Issue, submitting t, as follows :-
has enjoyed the privilege of a note intage of a very large portion of the 2rnment; every provision that in:ability was included in its Charter he 3rd instant it suspended payment at has happened in the case of this pen again in the case of any bank Drivilege of a note issue. We shall
country depreciate in a day 50 per e bank itself, and rendered wholly shall again see a universal dislocaapse of credit, including that of the
o face with the fact, on the one hand ood and, on the other, with that of ice dealers in the country trooping use fire arms in the defence of their nevitably be compelled to intervene y such intervention, it may avert still graver disaster and calamity. ible, willingly to invite a repetition to incur such perils for the sake of a pedantic adherence-to general , under conditions wholly different ltogether dissimilar 2 These dangers it week in all human probability be issue be granted to the successor of ainly be avoided, so long as Ceylon issue be undertaken by the Govern
tion to Guarantee.-The Secretary of the Treasury, while being deeply situation, however, took exception rving: first telegraphed to the Secretary his situation with a request for

Page 60
28 CEYLON CURRENC
(b) that he should have considerec
nation among the leading for the guarantee of the not
(c) that steps might have been ti reserve in the bark's vault sentative of the bank mad right of creditors, pending t
They also pointed out that the issu by the Royal Instructions and by sp 1875, have been expressly reserved f ment upon whom the responsibility action be taken on the spot by the G
Nevertheless, while the Secretary in some details the measure might p he was not prepared to censure the the face of a crushing disaster, the ful difficult to appreciate correctly at s of action.
60. Councils support the Governor Councils, however, strongly supportes an Address of Appreciation, and the the Home Government explaining tha by the Lords Commissioners of the Government practically bankrupt, a followed in any case but for the guara, and giving currency to the notes o among others, of averting it. It we of the Oriental Bank had been virtu ment at an earlier period, the referen of December 28, 1855 (paragraph 56,
6l. Governor's Explanation.-Sir stated in his own words :-
“It is not my intention to offer Lords of the Treasury beyond t myself to make, that I do not ad racy; and that they very plainly s measure unaware of the facts of placed on the 3rd of May, and fail occupy had the guarantee not beer is very probably in a great degre describe with sufficient strength ar
* In the Straits Settlements where following the Ceylon precedent, the othel the onus of cashing the Oriental Bank’s Currency in the British Colonies' by Rob

BRITISH PERIOD.
the possibility of effecting a combi'esidents of Colombo and merchants es v’hich he assumed himself* ; and
ken to obtain tie use of the silver by un arrangement with the repre
e without prejudice to the ultimate
ne arrival of specie from India.
to be decided was one of those which 2cial Circular Despatch of August 18, or the decision of the Home Governultimately rests whatever course of ΟΥΘΥηOI.
of State was disposed to think that erhaps have been differently treated, Governor for the decision he took in ll nature and gravity of which it was uch a great distance from the scene
-Both the Legislative and Executive il the Governor, the former presenting latter submitting a memorandum to it any attempt to act as was suggested
Treasury would have rendered the result which must inevitably have ntee which, by maintaining confidence f the Oriental Bank, had the effect, is further pointed out that the notes ally guaranteed by the local Governce being to Sir Henry Ward's Minute 8ιργα).
Arthur Gordon's reply may best be
any reply to the observations of the he remark which I think it due to mit either their justice or their accuhow that their Lordships are in great he position in which the Colony was to realize what position it would now given. That this should be the case e my own fault, in having failed to d vividness the actual state of affairs.
he Colonial Government abstained from Banks in self-defence took on themselves notes in local circulation. “History of »rt Chalmers, p. 36.

Page 61
CEYLON CURRENCY
I have not much leisure for careful I have been too far influenced coloured and sensational pictures.
“ Knowing myself what I do ku fully convinced that had the gu would have ensued, the effects ol disastrously felt by the Colony, a even at the risk of misconception
62. Lords Commissioners of the Issue.-Neither Downing street nor adverse comments regarding the gl of the Treasury were, however, not affairs. But in view of the exceptio peculiar situation created by the gua establishment of a Government Not existing in Mauritius, after pointing think that the failure of a bank in exaggerated alarm of a Governor not justified a reversal of a policy founde ments were made to cancel the powe tered Mercantile Bank by the existing on its expiration in 1888; and the C the necessary legislation to give effec Commissioners of the Treasury.
63. Law Regulating the Governm ment Note Issue is regulated by Or principal Ordinance), as amended b 1901, 6 of 1903, ll of 1909,33 of 1914 tant sections of the principal Ord are summarized below.
(a) Board of Currency Commiss a Board consisting of the Coloni Auditor-General.
Amending Ordinance 12 of Commissioners a "corporation the name and style of “The with full power and authority to seal to be fixed to any instrume) commissioners and (b) with po recovering dividends, interest, & as under section lb of the pr
* The Imperial Government had trad favoured the issue of Notes by Colonia afforded the only example of a State Issu in the British Colonies' by Robert Chall

-BRITISH PERIOD, 29
writing, and it is quite possible that by my reluctance to paint highly
ow of the danger incurred I am still arantee lot been given calamities
which would have been long and ld which it was my duty to avert and censure."
Treasury approve Government Note reasury Chambers made any further arantee. The Lolds Commissioners
quite satisfied with the position of Lal circumstances of the case and the rantee, they gave their assent to the : Issue on the model of that already out to Lord Derby that they did not Deylon, and the natural but perhaps specially versed in economic subjects, d on approved authority. Arrangeirs of note issue granted to the CharCharter when it came up for renewal overnor was empowered to introduce t to the proposals as amended by the
ent Note Issue.-The present Governdinance No. 32 of 1884 (cited as the y Ordinances Nos. 12 of 1886, 13 of and 1 of 1917 (Appendix L). Imporinance and subsequent amendments
toners created.-Section 3 establishes al Secretary, the Treasurer, and the
l886 creates the Board of Currency with continuance for ever, under Ceylon Currency Commissioners' (a) have and use a common seal, the said t in the presence of at least one of the yer to appoint officers or agents for
This amendment became necessary incipal Ordinance all investments in
zionally preferred private issues and never
Governments and, until 1884, Mauritius
in Crown Colonies.-" History of Currency 8s.

Page 62
30 CEYLON CURRENCY.
Indian Government Securities ha Commissioners and each time thi peroonnel of the Commisioners, a : to authorize an Agent in India to serious omission in section 8 : it be paid to such person as shall whom such person should be nom
Gazette notification dated July Secretary for the Colonial Secret: the Treasurer and the Commissi General.
(b) Commissioners to issue Gover 4-6 as amended by Ordinance No. sioners to issue currency notes payab of the Commissioners in Colombo fo 100, 500, and 1,000 rupees in exchan coin which is legal tender in Ceylon is to bear the signatures or facsimiles Commissioners holding office at the
Amending Ordinance No. 1 of power to treat a credit at the B. deposit of gold. It also empower rupee notes.
(c) Notes legal tender.-Section tender for the amount expressed the
Amending Ordinance No. 1 of legal tender in Ceylon for the pay
(d) Exchange of Oriental Bank No 8 to 10 : After 31st March, 1885, t on May 3, 1884, shall cease to be re. the Government; and after Februa 1885, the Commissioners shall issue ( notes, provided they were in circu notes shall be deposited in the Treas
(e) Issue of curreney notes in exe is authorized except when it appear to increase the amount of gold c. amended by Ordinance No. 6 of 190
(In 1920 the gold coins were te
ceased to be legal tender as frc in Gazette No. 7,121 of August 7, 1
* Notification dated January 17, 1939, su for the Commissioner of Stamps.

-BRITISH PERIOD.
d to be made in the names of the ere happened to be a change in the fresh power of attorney was required collect interest. There was also a enacted that dividends, &c., should pe nominated, but did not say by inated.
6, 1931, substituted the Financial ary the Deputy Chief Secretary for oner of Stamps for the Auditor
nment Promissorry Notes.-Sections 13 of 190l empower the Commisble to bearer on demand at the office or the respective sums of 5, 10, 50, ge for silver rupees of India, or gold but no other coin; every such note s of the signatures of any two of the date borne on the note.
1917 gives the Commissioners the ank of England as equivalent to a s them to issue one-rupee and two
7 makes every currency note legal
ᎢᎾᏅᎨ] .
1917 makes every currency note ment of any amount.
tes for Government Notes.-Sections the Bank's note issue in circulation 20gnized as equivalent to money by ry 15, 1885, and until March 31, Burrency notes in exchange for bank lation on May 3, 1884. The said
ury. hange for gold coin legally current s inexpedient to the Commissioners oins held as reserve-section ll as 3.
ken out of the reserve, when they
om August 7. Vide Proclamation 920.)
bstituted the Deputy Financial Secretary

Page 63
Nú, g. as ruft IEĦTAL ĦÀNH HỮTE,
 

흑 :「~成學的-----------------------
肛—柠----
,*證%
町)事 {R そ群蚁FTF:s|-
}kmAでの&osapoo范) 磷劑sae) _Nobėjusi,
3. TE
鱷疊

Page 64


Page 65
CEYLON CURRENCY
(f) Currency Reserve.-Sections No. 13 of 1901 : Commissioners ar. silver rupees or in gold coin of one h in circulation-section l?; and t Government and United Kingdom or Securities, provided that not more be in Indian Government secur Secretary of State-section 13. TI is to be set apart to satisfy notes
(At one stage, the metallic porti coins. These were taken of the
(g) Sale or Exchange of Investm Agents along with a nominee of H the Colonies are appointed as truste England. The Indian securities a missioners. Power is given to both directed by the Governor. Securit serve falls below one-third of the v no further investment is to be mad one-half at the least of the amount
Amending Ordinance No. 1 of above requirements as from Dec of the proportion of the value of invested in securities under sect (This was done as a war measur
(h) Revenue from securities.-Se other revenue from investments sł excepting 1 per cent. which shall be amount of such investments, to b part of the reserve set apart to sati the Secretary of State's sanction ord priation at any time wholly or parti
In 1896 the Secretary of State Il per cent. appropriation until “Reserve and Depreciation Ful 110 per cent. of the cost price of“ ing Ordinance No. 11 of 1909 al and authorized the transfer of 1 but laid down that account sho such proceeds in computing the principal Ordinance.
(i) Accounts showing profits, expe in Government Gazette-section 19: ar tion, reserve. nominal value, as wel

-BRITISH PERIOD. 3.
12-14 as amended by Ordinance 2 empowered to retain a reserve in alf of he amount of currency notes o inves the other half in Indian Colonial except Ceylon) Government
than one-half of such sum shall ities except by sanction of the he reserve in coin and securities -section liq.
on of the reserve included subsidiary reserve in 1916.)
ents.-Sections 15-16 : The Crown is Majesty's Secretary of State for es in respect of investments made in 'e to be in the names of the Comto sell or exchange investments as ies are to be sold, if the specie realue of the notes in circulation; and e until that reserve shall amount to of notes in circulation-section 17.
1917 suspends the operation of the ember 30, 1916, and also the limit f notes in circulation which may be ion 13 of the principal Ordinance. 'e but the suspension still stands.)
iction l8: Dividends, interest, and all be credited to general revenue, appropriated annually on the whole e separately invested and to form sfy notes. The Governor may with ler the discontinuance of such approally.
sanctioned the discontinuance of the such time as the market value of ld' securities together falls below Reserve' securities alone. Amendpolished the “Depreciation Fund' he proceeds to “Reserve Fund’; uld not be taken of the amount of investments under section 13 of the
nses, &c., shall be published annually dan abstract showing notesin circulaas the latest known market value,

Page 66
32 CEYLON CURRENC)
and the cost price of the securit day of each month and published section 20.
(j) Maximum Penalty.-20 yea notes-section 21; 5 yea’s for poss notes-section 22; and 5 years' for manufacture of notes-section 23.
Amending Ordinance No. 33 certificate under the hand of th Secretary) which would be conc as to the spuriousness of a currer
64. Note Circulation.-The Ceylo brought into circulation in January, Rs. 5, Rs. 10, and Rs. 50 being the followed in October. The Rs. 1,000 the one-rupee note and the two-rupee and the Rs. 500 note in April, 1927 notes, 25 two-rupee notes and 20 five. 1927, and 1930, respectively. The F lation. The one-rupee note has bec out of circulation almost entirely the Island. At the end of the first year amounted to Rs. 4,192,165. At Rs. 5,529,705. Its steady rise since depression will be seen from the table of the currency reserve.
Date. Gross
Circulatio) Rs. 1. 10. 898 ... ll,278 ... 0, 1908 ... 15,007 1. 10. 1918 . . 37,340 1. 10. 1928 . . 57,436 ... 10. 936 . . 44,334 *000
The note circulation reached its “ at Rs. 62,868,615 on November 5.
stood at Re. 177 in 1886 steadily r
Rs. 855 in 1923, shot up to Rs. 1223 and declined to Rs. 776 in 1933. It
65. Currency Reserve and Profits. portion of the metallic reserve to the and the market value of securities currency profits for the 7 years endil

- BRITISH PERIOD.
es shall be prepared on the 10th as soon as may be in the Gazette
's' imprisonment for counterfeiting ession of counterfeited or incomplete possession of paper, moulds, &c., for
of 1914 provides for the issue of a e Treasurer (now Deputy Financial lusive evidence in any Court of law cy note.
n Government currency notes were 1885, notes of the denominations of irst to be issued. The Rs. 100 note ) note was issued in August, 1899; note in May, 1917, as a war measure; Booklets containing 25 one-rupee rupee notes were introduced in 1923, Rs. 500 note has a very small circusome so popular that it has driven silver rupee, the standard coin of the of issue the note circulation (gross) December 31, 1888, it stood at then and its decline after the great below which shows also the position
Reserve.
/ー
Metallic. Securities l. at cost.
RS.* RS. 5,665 5,613 6,371 8,636 18,029 ... 19,3ll 22,509 . . 42,477 14,158 ... 36,137
omitted.
peak' level in 1926 when it stood Dhe “per capita” circulation which pse to Rs. 10 - 68 in 1920. It fell to in 1926 (the highest figure on record), stood at Rs. 787 in 1936.
—At September 30, 1936, the pronote circulation was 3l“93 per cent ; amounted to Rs. 42,482,000. The g September 30, 1936, amounted to

Page 67
CEYLON CURRENCY
Rs. 11,199,701, or an annual averag ending December 31, 891, the pl Rs. 66839 per annum on an average.
66. Design of Currency Notes.--Th and over are printed on watermark the facsimiles of the signatures of t numbers with a prefix letter over Notes of the earliest issue bore no fa time of issue. The watermarks are a
Rs. Left Cer 2 .. Dagoba . . TWO R
Elepharat... GOVERNMEN
5 do. . .
CEY]
10 ... . do.
CEY]
50 - .Iბ8goba . . FIF Elephant . . RUP Flower . . GOVERNMEN
100 ... . do. . . O
HUN)
RUP
GOVERNMENT
500 . . do. . . FI HUN
RUE
GOVERNMENT
000 . . do. . . ΟΝ THOUS
RUP]
GOVERNMENT
The size of notes differs according t
Rs. Inches
4 x 24 2 5 X 3 5 6 x red 0 7 x 50 9 x 5 100 - 8 x 5 500 X 6 1000 9 x 5 red
In order to afford greater security protection rainbow tint was added to and to Rs. 50 and Rs. 1,000 notes as fr on the back of the one-rupee note in

-BRITISH PERIOD. 33
of Rs. 1,599,957. In the 7 years ofits amounted to Rs. 467,878 or
e notes of the denominations of Rs. 2 ed moul-made paper. They bear wo of the Commissioners and serial a prefix number thus: E, 25657. simile signatures but were signed at
follows :-
tre Right UPEES .. Dagoba
OF CEYLON - ...Elephant
. . do. LON
O ... do. LON
TY . .3 long and EES 1 short T OF CEYLON wave lines
NE ... do. DRED
'EES
OF CEYLON
VE ... do. DREID
PEES
OF CEYLON
TE ... do. ANO
EES
OF CEYLON
o denominations as indicated below.
Inches
uced in 1930 to 5 x 3 do. 6 X 4 do. 6 x 4
uced in 1930 to 8 x 6
gainst counterfeiting a multi-colour Rs. 5 and Rs. 10 notes as from 1925, om 1930. A design was also printed blue; Rs. 2, Rs. 5, and Rs. 50 notes

Page 68
34 CEYLON CURRENC
in green; Rs. 10 note in mauve, and R issues the serial number appears only In later issues the number is printec case of the Re.. 1 note where the nun right top corners only. Af, a further the number is printed in black on the
Rs. 2 note; in red on tle Rs. 5 note,
in blue on the Rs. 10 note; and in c Rs. 100 note.
Note-vid
The Dutch promissory notes taken over never called in. The question of their red Sir Robert Peel's ministry when an applica England for the payment of the face value in respect of 237 Kredit Brieven and 120 cas £61.7.6. as interest at the rate of 3 per ce. due to the Ceylon Government in consequen Mr. W. E. Gladstone then expressed the opi the Capitulation that the holders of the c notes of the Dutch Government were not el Government and that Her Majesty's Gove with the application.
The Government found that the promiss per cent. to 60 per cent., and published a n. Gazette of the same date giving notice that and cash notes, on presenting same at the rate of £40 for every £100 of nominal prin purchased by Government at 60 per cent. d
In 1894 negotiations were started with a to 28, 123 rixdollars, the Government offerri rupees (at 75 cents a rixdollar) converted exchange; but the holder was not preparec value at ls. 6d. a rixdollar as originally fix holder his heir accepted an offer of £1,250 plu the notes.
There were still outstanding 122 Kredit 18,887 rixdollars with four holders in Ceylor annually as interest out of the Public Debt that these notes too should be paid off. TI whilst stating that it was with the greatest such an authority as Mr. Gladstone thou minutely scrutinize the terms of the Cap Solicitor-General concurring) that the liabil sponding right to discharge that liability a notes at the face value. After obtaining t protracted negotiations with the holders th 1912, for a sum of Rs. 13,890 and cancelled charge on public funds.

Y-BRITISH PERIOD.
s. 1,000 note in brown. In the earlier on the two top corners of the notes. 1 on the four corners, except in the aber appears on the left bottom and mark of difference to catch the eye one-rupee note; in dark green on the Rs. 500 note and the Rs. 1,000 note; lark red on the Rs. 50 note and the
e ραγα 52.
by the British Government in 1796, were 2mption came up for consideration during tion was received in 1846, from a holder in (28,123 rixdollars) in sterling (£2,109.4.6.) h notes for which he was receiving annually nt. per annum less 3 per cent. premium ce of the payment being made in England. nion that it was obvious from the terms of artificates given in lieu of the promissory ntitled to demand their redemption by the }rnment could not sanction a compliance
sory notes had depreciated in value by 50 Lotification dated January 24, 1857, in the the holders of the Dutch Kredit Brieven Treasury, Colombo, would be paid at the cipal. Thereafter most of the notes were iscount and cancelled. view to paying off the 357 notes amounting ng the holder 75 per cent. of their value in into sterling at 1s. 2d., current rate of l to accept anything less than the sterling ed. In 1896 however on the death of the is an annuity of £25 for life and surrendered
, Brieven and 8 cash notes amounting to h on which a sum of Rs. 425 was being paid vote and, in 1907, the Treasurer proposed he Attorney-General (Sir Anton Bertram) diffidence that one ventured to differ from ght that it was possible that he did not itulation, and expressed the opinion (the ity to pay interest carried with it a corrend that the Government might pay off the he approval of the Secretary of State and he Government bought in the 130 notes in them, thus wiping off finally a permanent

Page 69
APPEND

{CES.

Page 70


Page 71
CEYLON CURRENCY
APPENI
Order in Council of
WHEREAs it has been represented Lords Commissioners of His Majest directions that His Majesty's troops s and possessions abroad should, in ce and copper money; and that, with such money in those colonies, it would should be issued declaring that in a dollar is now, either by law, fact, or for the discharge of debts, or where rated or collected, or the individuals h of coin, that a tender and payment o of 4s. 4d. should be considered as e of one Spanish dollar, and so in prop of debt:
And whereas it has been further rep of His Majesty's Treasury that, with where there are not any Spanish d circulation consists entirely of paper ri respect to Ceylon, where the circulat dollars, as well as of a variety of oth and paid with relation to their value be expedient that a tender and paym should be considered as equivalent t rixdollar so current at the Cape of and so in proportion for any greate] copper should be made a legal tender and proper proportions of British sil Great Britain, but that no person sh 12d. in copper money at any one pay
His Majesty, having taken the sa is pleased, by and with the advice of is therein proposed; and the Right of His Majesty's Treasury, and the l of His Majesty's Principal Secretarie directions herein, as to them may res
APPEN
Order in Council of
WHEREAs there was this day read a regulating the currency of the coins of colonies in Australia, New Zealand,
Her Majesty, having taken the s by and with the advice of Her Priv order, and it is hereby ordered that and come into force in Her Majesty and after the date of the publication Governor, or other Officer Admini respectively.

-BRISE PEROD 37
IX A.
23rd March, 1825.
o His Majesty at this Board, by the 's Treasury, that they have given arving in the several British colonies tain cases, be paid in British silver view of securing the circulation of be expedient that an Order in Council ll those colonies where the Spanish practice, considered as a legal tender
the duties to the Government are ave a right to pay, in that description British silver money to the amount uivalent to the tender or payment ortion for any greater or less amount
resented by the Lords Commissioners respect to the Cape of Good Hope, ollars in circulation, but where the xdollars and its proportions, and with ion consists of silver and paper rixer coins which are generally received as compared with rixdollars, it would ent of ls. 6d. in British silver money o a tender and payment of one such Good Hope and Ceylon respectively, c or less sum ; and also that British in all the British colonies, for its due ver money, as by law established in ould be compelled to take more than ment : id representation into consideration, His Privy Council, to approve of what Honourable the Lords Commissioners Right Honourable Earl Bathurst, one s of State, are to give the necessary pectively appertain.
mത്ത്
DX 8.
16th October, 1852.
, the Board the draft of a Proclamation the United Kingdom in Her Majesty's Seylon, Mauritius, and Hong Kong:
ame into consideration, was pleased, y Council, to approve thereof, and to the said Proclamation do take effect s said colonies, or any of them, from thereof by the Governor, Lieutenanttering the Government of the same

Page 72
38 CEYLON CURRENC
And the Lords Commissioners o Right Honourable Sir John Pakington Secretaries of State, are to give ther
PROCLAMATION
WHEREAs it has been represented tralia, New Zealand, Ceylon, Mauriti of Our United Kingdom pass current and it is expedient that the regulati the coins of Our United Kingdom, as in Our said colonies:
Now therefore We, by the advice
fit to declare and ordain, and by t declare and ordain, that within and t New Zealand, Ceylon, Mauritius, and Kingdom shall pass current in the m Parliament which regulate the currer coins of Our United Kingdom shall not exceeding forty shillings.
Order in Council of 2
HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR, Council, has been pleased to direct tha in Council, passed on the 22nd Octob Australian Sovereigns and Half Sove published for general information.
B
Colonial Secretary's Office, Colombo, July 15, 1857.
At the Court at Windsor, the
Prese
THE QUEEN's MosT
HIS ROYAL HIGHNK
Wiscount Palmerston, Lord Stanley of Alderley,
WHEREAs there was this day read mation declaring the rates at whic Australian Sovereigns and Half Sov intended to be struck at Her Majesty's in New South Wales are to pass cu Ceylon, Mauritius, and Hong Kong .

-BRITISH PERIOD.
Her Majesty's Treasury, and the Bart., one of Her Majesty's Principal quisite directions hereinaccordingly.
Y THE QUEEN.
to Us that in Our colonies in Ausls, and Hong Kong the silver coins as an unlimited tender for payments ons which govern the circulation of y law established, should be enforced
of Our Privy Council, have thought he advice aforesaid We do hereby hroughout Our colonies in Australia, Hong Kong the coins of Our United unner directed in the several Acts of cy of the same, and that the silver be a legal tender in payment of sums
2nd October, 1856.
with the advice of the Executive t the following Order of Her Majesty er, 1856, to legalize the currency of reigns in Ceylon and elsewhere, be
y His Excellency's command,
C. J. MACCARTHY,
Colonial Secretary.
22nd day of October, 1856.
nt :
XCELLENT MAJESTY. s PRINCE ALBERT.
Mr. Labouchere, Sir George Grey, Bt.
it the Board, the Draft of a Proclacertain Gold Coins to be called ereigns which have been and are Branch of the Royal Mint at Sydney rent in fer Majesty's Colonies of Her Majesty having taken the same

Page 73
CEYLON CURRENCY.
into consideration, was pleased by : Council to approve thereof, and to Orc said Proclamation (copy whereof is h come into force in each of Her Maje upon and from and after the promul Officers Administering the Governme) And the Lords Commissioners of He Honourable Honry Labouchere, one o of State, are to give the necessary dir
VICTORIA R.
WHEREAs by an Order in Council, 1853, We have thought fit to order should be established at or near Sydn
And whereas in the 18th year of dated the 18th day of October, 1854 certain pieces of Gold Money should Royal Mint, to be called respectively A Half Sovereigns, and to be of the sa values, with the Sovereigns, and Half Our Realm.
And whereas, pursuant to and in vi Orders in Council, it is provided, th Sovereigns, and Half Sovereigns sh; Australian Sovereign, shall have for th with the Inscription “Victoria D. G. date of the year, and for the Revers the centre of the piece, encircled by a the Royal Crown, with the Inscripti and with a graining on the edge a Sovereign, shall have the obverse in Sovereign, and for the Reverse the sa, encircled and surmounted in like m words " Sydney Mint, Half Sovereign
And whereas pieces of Gold Money said Branch of the Royal Mint in pu issued, We therefore by and with the thought fit to issue this Our Royal Declare, and Command, that the said shall be current and lawful money with and Hong Kong, and shall pass and money therein by the names afores: assigned to them.
Given at Our Court at Windsor, t in the Year of Our Lord One thousand the Twentieth of Our Reign.
GO) SAVE
(The Ceylon Government Gaze

-BRITISH PERIOD. 39
and with the advice of Her Privy er, and it is hereby ordered, that the Breunto annexed) do take effect and sty's said Colonies and Fossessions, gation thereof, by the Governors, or rt of the said Colonies, respectively. Majesty's Treasury, and the Right f Her Majesty's principal Secretaries }ctions therein accordingly.
WM. L. BATHURST.
bearing date the 19th day of August, that a Branch of Our Royal Mint, ey in New South Wales.
Dur Reign, by an Order in Council, We have thought fit to order that be coined at the said Branch of Our Australian Sovereigns, and Australian me respective weights, fineness, and Sovereigns, now current within this
rtue of the powers given in Our said at a coinage of the said Australian all be made, and that every such he obverse the Effigy of Her Majesty,
Britanniar : Regina F. D. ” and the . se the word “ Australia ”, placed in Laurel Wreath, and surmounted by on “Sydney Mint, One Sovereign', nd that every such Australian Half every respect similar to that of the me word ' Australia '' in the centre, anner, but for the Inscription the '', and a graining on the Edge.
have been and will be coined at Our ursuance of Orders issued and to be advice of Our Privy Council, have Proclamation, and We do Ordain, pieces of Gold money so to be coined in Our Colonies of Ceylon, Mauritius, be received as current and lawful lid, and at the values hereinbefore
his Twenty-second day of October, Eight hundred and Fifty-six, and in
DHE QUEEN.
te No. 3,044 of July 25, 1857.)

Page 74
40 CEYLON CURRENCY
APPEN)
VICTORIA, by the Grace of G.O. Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defende
PROCLA
By His Excellency SIR HERCULEs
Commander of the Most Distingu Saint George, Governor a and over the Island Dependenc
HERCULES ROBINSON.
WHEREAs We have received from of State for the Colonies Her Majesty as follows :-
At the Court of Windsor, t
Pre
THE QUEEN's MosT
in C WHEREAs there was this day read mation for the regulation of the cl
Ceylon (copy whereof is hereunto taken the same into consideration, v of Her Privy Council, to approve th ordered, that the said Proclamation in Her Majesty's Colony of Ceylon in And the Lords Commissioners of H Honourable Earl Granville, one of of State, are to give the necessary diu
DRAFT PRC
1. WHEREAs by an Order in Cou We were pleased, by and with the ad that a tender and payment of ls. 6 considered as equivalent to a tend current at the Cape of Good Hope of any greater or less sum, and also made a legal tender in all the Briti Great Britain :
2. And whereas by an Order in 1852, We were pleased, by and with approve of the Draft of a Proclamat Our Colonies in Australia, New Ze Kong, the coins of the United King directed in the several Acts of Par of the said Island that the Silver co be a legal tender in payment of sum:
3. And whereas by an Order in C.
1856, We were pleased, by and with approve of the Draft of a Proclai

-BRITISH PERIOD.
IX O.
), of the United Kingdom of Great of the Faith.
MATION.
3EORGE ROBERT ROBINSON, Knight ished Order of Saint Michael and ld Commander-in-Chief in of Ceylon, with the
ies thereof.
the Right Honourable the Secretary s Order in Council and Proclamation,
he 18th day of June, 1869.
keገ0{ :
EXCELLENT MAJESTY puncil,
at the Board the Draft of a Proclaurrency of Her Majesty's Colony of annexed), and Her Majesty having was pleased, by and with the advice ereof, and to order, and it is hereby
do take effect and come into force the manner thereby directed, er Majesty's Treasury, and the Right Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries rections herein accordingly.
ARTHUR HELPs. }CLAMATION.
ncil, bearing date 23rd March, 1825, vice of Our Privy Council, to declare d. in British Silver money should be ter and payment of one Rixdollar and at Ceylon, and so in proportion that British Copper money should be sh Colonies, as by law established in
Council, bearing date 16th October, the advice of Our Privy Council, to ion declaring that in and throughout aland, Ceylon, Mauritius, and Hong lom shall pass current in the manner liament which regulate the currency ins of the United Kingdom shall not
exceeding forty shillings:
puncil, bearing date the 22nd October, the advic, of Our Privy Council, to nation declaring the rates at which

Page 75
CEYLON CURRENCY
Australian Sovereigns and Half Sovi Royal Mint at Sydney in New Sout Colonies of Ceylon, Mauritius, and H
4. Now We, by the advice of Ou declare and ordain, and by the adv and ordain, that from and after a Officer Administering the Governr the said hereimbefore recited Order ir much of the Orders in Council and 1852, and the 22nd October, 1856, r. force in the Colony of Ceylon, shall b
5. And We do hereby further orc the same date the Regulations of th and No. 8 of 1827, entitled respective
“A Regulation for declaring the l Island of Ceylon to be the S. Britain, and also the Ceylor Copper sub-divisions thereo
And, そ
“A Regulation for declaring that Pounds shall be received an same.’’
shall be repealed.
6. And We do hereby further orc the same date, (and subject to further of the Governor), the British and loca present in circulation in Our Colony such other copper or bronze tokens a by the Governor by Proclamation, s any sum not exceeding half a Rupee continue current until the date of s as regards the Rupee as those at v established usage and custom, viz. :-
The Penny at the rate of 3rds C The Half-penny ,翡rd
The Farthing , ith
The Ceylon Fanam , 1
,, Stiver or Pice ,, th o 罗多 Challie , 1/12th
7. And We do hereby further de the same date the silver Company's and 11th-12th fineness, as now leg subdivisions of proportionate intrins (8 annas), the quarter rupee (4 annas shall be the only legal tender of pay within Our Colony of Ceylon and its
8. And We do hereby further or denomination of British Currency sh lation, Ordinance, Proclamation, Min at the date as aforesaid of the bringin whether as payments to be made to

-BRITISH PERIOD. 4.
Breigns coined at the Branch of Our h Wales are to pass current in Our ong Kong : ir Privy Council, have thought fit to ice aforesaid, We do hereby declare day to be fixed by the Governor or ment of Ceylon, by Proclamation, Council of 23rd March, 1825, and so. Proclamations of the 16th October, espectively, as have effect and are in le revoked and annulled.
lain and declare, that from and after e Ceylon Government No. 8 of 1825 sly :- . egal and established Currency of the Elver and Copper current coin of Great Silver and Paper Rixdollar and the falready current therein.'
, all Government Notes expressed in d taken at the value expressed in the
dain and declare, that from and after directions to be given by Proclamation il Copper or Bronze coins or tokens at of Ceylon and its Dependencies, and is may from time to time be specified hall be a legal tender of payment for ; the said British and local tokens to uch Proclamation, at the same rates which they at present pass by long
if an Anna, or 8 Pie.
99 4. y
sy jy
Anna. fan Anna, or 3, l l,
clare and ordain, that from and after Rupee of India of 180 grains' weight, ally current in India, and its silver ic value, consisting of the half rupee ), and the eighth of a rupee (2 annas), ment (except as hereinbefore directed) Dependencies.
'dain and declare, that whenever the lal have been specified in any ReguLute, Notification, or Contract in force ng into operation of this Proclamation or by the Ceylon Government, such

Page 76
42 CEYLON CURRENCY
sums shall continue as heretofore to b Treasuries of the Island in Rupees, of the Colony at the rate of Two Shill
9. And we do hereby further decla and engagements expressed in terms o date and payable in Our Colony, sh above rate, unless such contract or e. provision or agreement to the contrary Now therefore, We, the said Gov. exercise of the authority vested in U Proclamation, do hereby proclaim an shall and do take effect and come in -Ceylon and the Dependencies thereo January, l872.
Given at Colombo, in the said Island August, in the year of Our Lord One th One.
By
GOD SAVE T (The Ceylon Government Gazette
APPEND
VICTORIA, by the Grace of GOD Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender
PROCLAM
By His Excellency Sir HERCULES G. Commander of the Most Disting and Saint George, Governo in and over the Island Dependencie HERCULES ROBINSON.
WHEREAs by the Proclamation anne. dated the 18th day of June, 1869, it and after a day to be fixed by the G Government of Ceylon, by Proclamati to be given by Proclamation of the Gc or bronze coins or tokens at present in of Ceylon and its Dependencies, and as may from time to time be specified shall be a legal tender of payment for a the said British and local coins to cor Proclamation, at the same rates, as r they at present pass by long-establish The Penny at the rate of irds of
, Half-penny ård , Farthing , th , Ceylon Fanam , l
, Stiver or Pice, th of , Challie l/12th

-BRITISH PERIOD,
2 received at and paid from the local and the legal subordinate currency ngs to the Rupee.
e and ordain that all other contracts f British money, in force at the same all be defrayable in Rupees at the ngagement shall contain any special
2rnor of Ceylon, in pursuance and s by the said Order in Council and di direct that the said Proclamation so force in Her Majesty's Colony of f, from and after the First day of
of Ceylon, this Twenty-third day of housand Eight hundred and Seventy
His Excellency's command,
CHARLES P. LAYARD, Acting Colonial Secretary. HE QUEEN. No. 3,836 of August 26, 1871.)
X O.
, of the United Kingdom of Great of the Faith.
MATION.
EORGE ROBERT ROBINSON, Knight (uished Order of Saint Michael r and Commander-in-Chief of Ceylon, with the
}s thereof.
xed to Her Majesty's Order in Council is ordained and declared that from overnor or Officer Administering the on, and subject to further directions overnor, the British and local copper circulation in Her Majesty's Colony such other copper or bronze tokens | by the Governor by Proclamation, ny sum not exceeding half a Rupee; tinue current until the date of such 'gards the Rupee, as those at which ed usage and custom, viz. :- an Anna, or 8 Pie.
99 4 s
sy 2 s
Anna. in Anna, or 3
l
2) ,

Page 77
CEYLON CURRENCY
And whereas it is expedient and copper or bronze coins or tokens, rel Rupee, as a legal tender for paymer Rupee.
And whereas there will shortly be copper or bronze coins or tokens, as f
A copper or bronze five-cent piec
a Rupee.
A copper or bronze one-cent pie
of a Rupee.
A copper or bronze half-cent pie
part of a Rupee.
And every such piece shall have í of Her Majesty, with the inscription" impression the representation of a Ta ting the value of the piece in cents o and the date of the year, and words Tamil :
Now, therefore, We, the said Gov the authority vested in Us by the af claim and direct that the said coppe issued as aforesaid, shall from and a be lawfully current, and shall pass a tokens and payment within the Isla thereof, at and for the rates and valu rates or values. Provided, howevel to receive more than one half-Rupee at one time.
And We do hereby further proclair proclamation and direction to the cor bronze coins or tokens now current i to what is herein provided and directe and lawful tokens and legal tender f following, that is to say :-
The Penny at the rate of 1/24 of , Half-penny , 1148th „, Farthing , 1/96th , Ceylon Fanam , l/16th ,, Stiver or Pice , 1/64th , Challie 1/192nd
Given at Colombo, in the said Isla
of August, in the year of Our Lord Seventy-one.
GCYD SAVE
(The Ceylon Government Gazette )

-BRITISH PERIOD. 43
desirable to establish certain other resenting certain decimal parts of a t for any sum not exceeding half a
ssued by the Government of Ceylon, ollows :-
, representing one-twentieth part of
'e, representing one-hundredth part
ce, representing one two-hundredth
or the obverse impression the effigy Victoria, Queen,' and for the reverse lipot Palm and an inscription indicaf a Rupee, with the word “Ceylon,' indicating the value in Sinhalese and
ernor, in pursuance and exercise of presaid Proclamation, do hereby pror or bronze coins or tokens so to be fter the First day of January, 1872, nd be received as current and lawful nd of Ceylon and the Dependencies. es indicated thereon, and at no other , that no person shall be required
in copper or bronze coins or tokens
m and direct, that until further lawful itrary, the British and local copper or n this Colony shall continue (subject 2d) to pass and be received as current or payment, at the rates and values
a Rupee.
• y 9
nd of Ceylon, this Twenty-third day One thousand Eight hundred and
y His Excellency's command,
CHARLES P. LAYARD, Acting Colonial Secretary.
THE QUEEN.
No. 3,836 of August 26, 1871.)

Page 78
44 CEYLON CURRENCY
APPEND
IN the Name of Her Majesty VIC Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defe
PROCLAM
By His Excellency SIR ARTHUR ELIB1 of the Most Distinguished Orde George, Governor and Con
over the Island of
Dependenci
A. E. HAVELOCK.
WHEREAs We have received from th for the Colonies directions to proclai as follows :-
At the Court at Osborne House, Isle of V
Pres THE QUEEN's MosT
Lord President. Mr. Rit
WHEREAs Her Majesty the Queen peace, order, and good government of And whereas by virtue of the Ord scinded by this Order certain silver r copper are legal tender in Her Majesty And whereas it appears to Her Ma Council, that it is expedient to resc make a law respecting the coins whic and to constitute legal tender in Her Now therefore Her Majesty, by and and by virtue of all powers vested in hereby ordain that the law hereinafte: Majesty's said Colony.
And the Lords Commissioners of He Honourable Lord Knutsford, one of of State, are to give the requisite direc said law to be made in Her Majesty's
l. (1) The silver rupee of British millesimal fineness specified in the firs standard coin of Her Majesty's Colo in this Order referred to as the Colony
(2) Every contract, sale, payment, for money, and every transaction, d relating to money, or involving the pa money, shall, in the absence of expres to be made, executed, entered into, do to the standard coin of the Colony,
(3) The coin mentioned in the sec treated as equal to the standard coin.
* See Order in Council

-BRTSE PEROD,
X 3.
ORIA, of the United Kingdom of nder of the Faith.
ATION.
NK HAVELOCK, Knight Commander r of Saint Michael and Saint hmander-in-Chief in and Ceylon, with the
es thereof.
e Right Hon. the Secretary of State m Her Majesty’s Grder in Council,
Wight, the 6th day of February, 1892.
2nt
ExCELLENT MAJESTY.
chie. Mr. Jackson.
has power to make laws for the Her Majesty's Colony of Ceylon; er in Council and Proclamation reupees and other coins of silver and 's said Colony; ajesty, by the advice of Her Privy ind the said Proclamation, and to h are to be the subject of contract, Majesty's said Colony; with the advice of Her Privy Council, n Her Majesty in that behalf, doth r mentioned shall take effect in Her
»r Majesty's Treasury and the Right Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries tions for causing proclamation of the said Colony.
India of the standard weight and t schedule to this Order shall be the ny of Ceylon and its dependencies,
bill, note, instrument, and security ealing, matter, and thing whatever yment of, or the liability to, pay any s agreement to the contrary, be held he, and had in the Colony according
ond schedule to this Order shall be 帐 š is
dated July 17, 1893.

Page 79
CEYLON CURRENCY
2. (1) Subsidiary coins may be Colony under the direction of the one of Her Majesty's Mints in British and finneness specified in the third sch (2) Those coins shall have for th effigy with the inscription “Victoria sion the representation of a talipo word “Ceylon,' and the date of the in cents or hundredths of a rupee indic
(3) Each coin so coined shall be denomination.
(4) Each of the subsidiary coins this Order shall be a legal tender fc schedule mentioned.
3. (1) If the Governor of the Co new coins of less value than the rupe metal to be coined, and the Comm approve such request, those new coin of the Master of Her Majesty's Mint British India.
(2) Such new coins shall have eit Order for the coins specified in the to as existing coins), or such other by the Master of Her Majesty's Mint a Treasury.
(3) Any such new coin may be oft coin, or of a different denomination.
(4) Every such new coin, if of sil the existing silver coins, and of a to the weights of the existing silver coin bears to the denominations oft 4. In the making of any existing from the standard weight, and in the fineness required by this Order, shall amount not exceeding that specifie and for any new coin
(a) As regards fineness (if the coi in the third schedule to thi (b) As regards weight of an amoun silver to the weight of th the said schedule; and (2 weight of the five-cent pit the denomination of the tively. 5. (1) A tender of payment of m coins or in any coins specified in t this Order, shall-provided that t with, and provided that, in the ce become diminished in weight by we than the weight (if any) specifie schedules to this Order-be a legal (a) In the case of rupees, for the
* The substitution of the effigy of on the coins “new' coins for the purpose c

BRITISH PERIOD. 45
rom time to time coined for the aster of Her Majesty's Mint or at ndia, of the denominations, weights, dule to this Order.
obverse impression Her Majesty's Rueen' and for the reverse imprespalm and an inscription with the 'ear, and with the value of the piece ted in English, Sinhalese, and Tamil. legal tender for the amount of its
hentioned in the fourth schedule to the amount in that behalf in that
ony from time to time requests any , whether of silver, copper, or mixed issioners of Her Majesty's Treasury may be so coined under the direction or at one of Her Majesty's Mints in
her the impressions' directed by this third schedule (in this Order referred impressions as may be approved of nd the Commissioners of Her Majesty's
he same denomination as any existing
ver, shall be of the same fineness as weight bearing the same proportion coins as the denomination of the new he existing coins.
or new coin a 'remedy' or variation case of silver coins from the standard be allowed for any existing coin of an l in the third schedule to this Order,
n is of silver) of the amount specified
Order ; and , bearing the same proportion: (1) if of twenty-five cent piece mentioned in if of copper or mixed metal to the ce mentioned in the said schedule, as ew coin bears to those pieces respec
oney in the Colony if made in standard e second, third, or fourth schedule to e coins have not been illegally dealt e of silver coins, such coins have not r or otherwise so as to be of less weight as the least current weight in the ender bayment of any amount;
Sovereign for that of another does not make this Order-Chalmers.

Page 80
46 CEYLON CURRENC
(b) In the case of other silver coin exceeding five rupees, but f
(c) In the case of coins of copper o amount not exceeding one amount.
(2) If any new coins are coined, by the Governor-in a Proclamati Commissioners of Her Majesty's T Principal Secretaries of State, and particulars with respect to each coin to this Order, apply to the new coins were added to that third schedule.
6. For the purpose of this Order illegally dealt with where the coin lightened otherwise than by fair we having any name, word, device, or . the coin has or has not been thereby
7. On the commencement of this clamation specified in the fifth schedu laws and all such Proclamations, whe Governor, as regulate legal tender in Paper Currency Ordinance, 1884' (l force.
8. Nothing in this Order, nor any clamations by this Order, shall aff made, or other thing done before the
9. In this Order
The expression “Governor' mean includes the Officer for the t ment of the Colony.
Words in the singular include the
include the singular.
10. This Order shall come into ope) or any earlier day on which it is procla and that day is in this Order referr Order.
ll. This Order may be cited as th
FIRST" SI
Standa
N
Coin. Metal.
Rupee of British India ... Silver
Altered to October 1, 1892, by Amend

-BRITISH PERIOD.
, for the payment of an amount not
r no greater amount;
mixed metal, for the payment of an
half of a rupee, but for no greater
his article shall, after the date fixed in made with the approval of the reasury and one of Her Majesty's etting forth in a schedule the same as are set forth in the third schedule us if the schedule to the Proclamation
a coin shall be deemed to have been has been impaired, diminished, or r and tear, or has been defaced by number stamped thereon, whether diminished or lightened.
Order, the Order in Council and Prole to this Order, and all such Colonial ther issued by Her Majesty or by the the Colony, other than “ The Ceylon No. 32 of 1884), shall cease to be in
repeal of laws or rescinding of Pro2ct any liability incurred, contract commencement of this Order.
is the Governor of the Colony, and ime being administering the Govern
plural, and words in the plural
'ation on the First day of July, 1892, imed in the Colony by the Governor, 2d to as the commencement of the
2 Coinage (Ceylon) Order, 1892.
C. L. PEEL.
CHIEDULE.
dCoin.
ille- Standard Least Current mal Weight. Weight. ine
eSS. Grains.Grammes Grains Gramme
166 80 664 764
ng Order in Council dated June 28, 1892.
43

Page 81
CEYLON CURRENCY.
SECOND S
Foreign
Ratio
to S
Stand- Coin. Metal.
ard Coin.
10 Rup3e of Portuguese
India Silver
* Demonetized by Order in
THIRD SC
Subsidiary Col
e. 墨勒 三 三 pö丘 , 8 C 母 Coin. Metal. a g a 目 .S. O) 呈 بi 品a 泻
-05 Ceylon Fifty-cent
piece ... Silver 80 0.25 Ceylon Twenty-five
V− cent piece s ys 8C 0 * 10 Ceylon Ten-cent piec sy 8C 0・05* Ceylon Five-cent
piece - Or 01 Ceylon. One-cent Copper -
piece 1 or 0 005 Ceylon Half-cent mixed
piece metal U 0.0025t Ceylon Quarter
cent piece -
* Amended by Proclamation of Decembe Demonetized by Order in Council of O
FOURTH S
Subsidiary Coin
Coin.
Metal.
05 Half rupee or Eight-anna
piece of British India Silver 0.25|Quarter rupee, or Fouranna piece of British India v.

-BRITISH PERIOD. 47
CHEDU.L.E.
Coin.
ille- Standard Least Current imal Weight. Weight. Tine
SSS Grains.Grammes Grains Grammes
16.6 180 | 1664 76' 4 * 43
Council of July 17, 1893.
HEDULE.
ns of Ceylon.
Standard Remedy Weight. Allowances.
Weight per 它 缀 piece. 目發 吕 盛密 Grains Gram-Grains. Gram- 5 译) ΙΩ8ξε mes. I 2ër
O 90 5832 O 6300 04.08 3
)0 45 2.96 O-350 * 0.204 3 )0 8 166 0 - 18 O. O.17 3
- 291.6 18.9 729 0' 472 |None - || 72 . 916 || 4 ،725 || || ۰ |82 || 0 * ll8 gp
و || 059 0 ۰9l 0 362 ۰ 2 || 458 86 || -
8.229 - 1 S 046 0029 邻*
er 13, 1909-nickel coin substituted. ctober 18, 1909.
CHEDULE.
s not of Ceylon.
Standard Least Current
Weight. Weight.
Grains.Grammes |Grains |Grammes
9
l
6
6
90 5832 88 - 2 5·715
916.6 45| 2·916 44“K 2858

Page 82
48 CEYLON CURRENCY
FIFTH SC
Order in Council and P
June 18, 1869: Order in (
Now herefore We, the said Govern cise of the authority vested in Us by proclaim and direct that the said effect and come into force in Her M Dependencies thereof, from and after
Given at Kandy, in the said Island June, in the year of Our Lord One t
tWO.
By H
GOD SAVE T
(The Ceylon Government Gazette
APPEN
His Excellency the Lieutenant-Gov the subjoined copy of the Order of H 1893, amending the Coinage (Ceylon rupee of Portuguese India in Ceylon,
By Colonial Secretary's Office,
Colombo, August 17, 1893.
At the Court at Windsor, t
Pres THE QUEEN's MosT
Lord President. Lord Steward.
WHEREAs by the Coinage (Ceylon) by and with the advice of Her Privy coin constituting legal tender in Her
And whereas by such Order it was, payment of money in the said Colon India, being the coin specified in the s be a legal tender in the said Colony:
And whereas it is deemed expedient such Order should be repealed :
Now therefore Her Majesty, by and and by virtue of all powers vested hereby ordain and declare as follows:
l. A tender of payment of money the rupee of Portuguese India, shall,

-BRITISH PERIOD.
CHIEDULE.
'roclamation rescinded.
3ouncil and Proclamation.
Lor of Ceylon, in pursuance and exerthe said Order in Council, do hereby Order in Council shall and do take Tajesty's Colony of Ceylon, and the the First day of July, 1892.
of Ceylon, this Twenty-third day of housand Eight hundred and Ninety
is Excellency's command,
J. A. SwETTENHAM, Acting Colonial Secretary.
HE QUEEN. : Eactraordinary of June 25, 1892.)
DX F.
rernor has been pleased to direct that er Majesty in Council dated July 17, ) Order, 1892, by demonetizing the be published for general information.
His Excellency's command,
J. A. SwETTENHAM, Acting Colonial Secretary.
he 17th day of July, 1893.
3emt:
EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
Marquess of Ripon. Sir Edmund Monson.
Order, 1892, Her Majesty was pleased Council, to make a law respecting the Majesty's Colony of Ceylon:
inter alia, declared that a tender of y if made in the rupee of Portuguese econd schedule to such Order, should
, that the last-mentioned provision of
with the advice of Her Privy Council, in Her Majesty in that behalf, doth
in the Colony of Ceylon, if made in from and after the 19th day of July,

Page 83
CEYLON CURRENCY
1893, cease to be a legal tender, a Order, 1892, as makes tender of payr as from the said 19th day of July, 18
2. At any time within such perio the Governor of the Colony shall Portuguese India will be received Colony, and will be exchanged for ru
The Lords Commissioners of Her M Ripon, one of Her Majesty's Princ the requisite directions for causing Colony.
(The Ceylon Government Gazette
APPEN
IN the name of His Majesty E United Kingdom of Great Britain an
PROCLA
By His Excellency the Right Honour Grand Cross of the Most Disti and Saint George, Knight Com Order of the Bath, Knig Exalted Order of the St. Commander-in-Chief in Ceylon, with the D
WEST RIDGEWAY.
WHEREAs We have received from of State for the Colonies directions Council, as follows :-
At the Court at St. James' t
THE KING's MOST )
Lord George Hamilton. Mr. Chamberlain.
WHEREAs by an Order in Council Her late Majesty Queen Victoria w Her Privy Council, to make a law tender in the Colony of Ceylon:
And whereas it is expedient to am the sovereign a legal tender in the se
Now therefore, His Majesty the Privy Council, and by virtue of all behalf, doth hereby ordain and decl
l. A tender of payment of mone
issued by His Majesty's Royal Mint Mint for the time being established

--BRITISH PERIOD. 49
ld so much of the Coinage (Ceylon) ent in such coin a legal tender shall, 93, be, and is hereby repealed.
l after the 19th day of July, 1893, as by Proclamation appoint, rupees of It any Government Treasury" in the pees of British India.
ajesty's Treasury and the Marquess of pal Secretaries of State, are to give this Order to be proclaimed in the
C. L. PEEL. Eactraordinary of July 19, 1893.)
--
DX G.
DWARD THE SEVENTH of the d Ireland King, Defender of the Faith
MATION.
able SIR. J. WEST RIDGEwAY, Knight nguished Order of Saint Michael mander of the Most Honourable ht Commander of the Most ar of India, Governor and n and over the Island of lependencies thereof.
the Right Honourable the Secretary to proclaim. His Majesty's Order in
he 26th day of September, 1901.
ExCELLENT MAJESTY.
Mr. St. John Brodrick. Sir Charles Scott.
dated the 6th day of February, 1892, as pleased, by and with the advice of respecting the coin constituting legal
:nd the aforesaid Order by constituting id Colony: King, by and with the advice of His powers vested in His Majesty in that are as follows :- , if made in sovereigns which have been in England or by any branch of that and have not been called in by any

Page 84
50 CEYLON CURRENCY
Proclamation made in pursuance of T been diminished in weight by wear ol than the weight specified or declared of the said Act, shall be legal tendel for a payment of any amount at ther
2. This Order may be cited as Order in Council, 1901, and shall com in that behalf by Proclamation of the
The Lords Commissioners of His Honourable Joseph Chamberlain, on taries of State, are to give the requis to be proclaimed in His Majesty's saic
Now therefore, We, the said Govern and exercise of the authority vesting do hereby proclaim and direct that th take effect and come into force in His Dependencies thereof from and after th
Given at Colombo, in the said Isla of October, in the year of our Lord O.
By Hi
GOD SAVE
APPEND. At the Court at Buckingham Palac
Prese THE KING's MosT Ex
Lord President, Master of the Horse. Lord Sandhurst.
WHEREAs His Majesty has power to good government of the Colony of Cey Colony):
And whereas by virtue of the Coina five-cent piece and the Ceylon quarte sidiary coins specified in the Third S tender in the Colony:
And whereas it is expedient that t quarter-cent piece should no longer be
Now THEREFORE, His Majesty by in that behalf, is pleased, by and with order, and it is hereby ordered, as foll
l. The Ceylon five-cent piece specified in the Third Schedule to shall cease to be current or legal tel

-BRITISH PERIOD.
he Coinage Act, 1870, and have not otherwise so as to be of less weight for the purpose by or im pursuance in His Majesty's Colony of Ceylon te of one sovereign for fifteen rupees.
The Coinage (Ceylon) Amendment into force upon the date to be fixed Governor in Council. Majesty's Treasury and the Right of His Majesty's Principal Secreite directions for causing this Order
Colony.
A. W. FITZROY.
or of Ceylon in Council, in pursuance in Us by the said Order in Council, e said Order in Council shall and do Majesty's Colony of Ceylon and the Le 25th day of October, 1901.
nd of Ceylon, this Twenty-fifth day he thousand Nine hundred and One.
s Excellency's command,
W. T. TAYLOR, Acting Colonial Secretary.
THE KING.
IX HI
2, the 18th day of October, 1909.
nt : CELLENT MAJESTY,
Mr. Samuel. Sir Hudson Kearley. Mr. James Stuart.
make laws for the peace, order, and lon (in this Order referred to as the
ge (Ceylon) Order, 1892, the Ceylon r-cent piece, being two of the subhedule to the said Order, are legal
Le said five cent piece and the said legal tender in the Colony: irtue of all powers vested in Him the advice of His Privy Council, to
WS - Lnd the Ceylon quarter-cent piece the Coinage (Ceylon) Order, 1892, der in the Colony.

Page 85
CEYLON CURRENCY
2. This Order shall be read as 1892, and the Orders amending t. Ceylon (Coinage) Order, 1909.
(2) This Order shall come into in that behalf by proclamation of t.
And the Lords Commissioners of Honourable the Earl of Crewe, K Secretaries of State, are to gi accordingly.
IN the Name of His Majesty EDW. Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the Seas, King, )efender of the Faith
PROCLA
By His Excellency SIR HENRY EI Cross of the Most Distingui. and Saint George, Gov
in-Chief in and over
with the Depen
HENRY MCCALLUM.
WHEREAs by virtue of the Coinag five-cent piece and the Ceylon quart sidiary coins specified in the third s tender in Ceylon:
And whereas by the Ceylon (Coina with the advice of His Privy Council,
(l) That the Ceylon five cent piec specified in the third sched 1892, shall cease to be curre. (2) That the said Order should co be fixed in that behalf by ) Colony in Council:
Now therefore, We, the said Goverr Ceylon (Coinage) Order, 1909, and wit do by this Our Proclamation direct 1909, shall come into operation upon Given at Colombo, in the said Isla December, in the year of Our Lord O
By H
GOD SAVE
(The Ceylon Government Gazette N

-BRITISH PEROD. 5.
one with the Coinage (Ceylon) Order, at Order, and may be cited as the
peration upon the date to be fixed he Governor of the Colony in Council. His Majesty's Treasury and the Right .G., one of His Majesty's Principal fe the requisite directions therein
ALMERIC FITZRoy.
ARD THE SEVENTH, of the United and of the British Dominions beyond
•
MATION.
wARD McCALLUM, Knight Grand shed Order of Saint Michael 2rnor and Commanderthe Island of Ceylon, dencies thereof.
ge (Ceylon) Order, 1892, the Ceylon er-cent piece, being two of the subchedule to the said Order, are legal
ge) Order, 1909, His Majesty, by and
has been pleased to order
e and the Ceylon quarter-cent piece lule to the Coinage (Ceylon) Order, nt or legal tender in the Colony;
me into operation upon the date to Proclamation of the Governor of the
or of Ceylon, in pursuance of the said in the advice of the Executive Council, hat the said Ceylon (Coinage) Order, the First day of July, 1910.
nd of Ceylon, this Thirteenth day of he thousand Nine hundred and Nine.
is Excellency's command,
HUGH CLIFFORD, Colonial Secretary.
THE KING,
o. 6,346 of December 17, 1909.)

Page 86
52 CEYLON CURRENCY,
APPEN IN the Name of His Majesty EDWA Kingdom of Great Britain and Irel beyond the Seas, King, Defender of til PROCLAM By His Excellency SIR HENRY EI Cross of the Most Distinguishe Saint George, Governor and Co the Island of Ce Dependenc;
HENRY MCCALLUM.
WHEREAs by an Order of Her late 6, 1892, it was amongst other things pr from time to time coined for Ceylo of Her Majesty's Mint or at one of of the denominations, weights, and fil to the said Order, and that those coins impressions specified in Article 2 of coin should be a legal tender for the a And whereas by the said Order i Governor of Ceylon from time to time than the rupee, whether of silver, co and the Commissioners of Her Majes those new coins might be so coined Her Majesty's Mint or at one of He and that such new coins should have e said Order for the coins specified in th impressions as might be approved b and the Commissioners of Her Majest And whereas We, the aforesaid C that a new subsidiary coin should be composition, weight, and fineness set Commissioners of His Majesty’s Trea and the said new subsidiary coin has impression His Majesty's effigy with t King and Emperor,” and for the rev second clause of Article 2 of the said approved of by the Master of His M. of His Majesty's Treasury:
And whereas by Article 5 of the other things that, subject to the con a tender of payment of money in C. copper and mixed metal, be legal te not exceeding one-half of a rupee, bu said article it was further provided the said article should, after the date tion made with the approval of th Treasury and one of Her Majesty's setting forth the same particulars w. forth in the third schedule to the sai the schedule to the Proclamation wer Now know Ye that We, the afor pursuance of Article 5 of the above Council, and with the approval of

-BRTSH PERIOD.
)ΙΧ Π. ARD THE SEVENTH, of the United and and of the British Dominions he Faith.
MATION. wARD McCALLUM, Knight Grand ld Order of Saint Michael and mmander-in-Chief in and over xylon, with the
ies thereof.
Majesty in Council dated February ovided that subsidiary coins might be n under the direction of the Master Her Majesty's Mints, in British India. neness specified in the third schedule s should have the obverse and reverse the said Order, and that each such
mount of its denomination : it was further provided that if the requests any new coins of less value pper, or mixed metal, to be coined, ty's Treasury approve such request, under the direction of the Master of er Majesty’s Mints in British India, sither the impressions directed by the e third schedule thereof or such other y the Master of Her Majesty's Mint y's Treasury : Governor of Ceylon, have requested 2 coined of the denomination, value,
out in the schedule hereto, and the sury have approved of such request, s been coined having for the obverse he inscription " Edward the Seventh, erse impression that specified in the
Order, which impressions have been ajesty's Mint and the Commissioners
said Order it was provided amongst ditions in the said article contained Bylon should, in the case of coins of nder for the payment of an amount t for no greater amount; and by the that if any new coins were coined, fixed by the Governor in a Proclamahe Commissioners of Her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, and ith respect to such coin as were set d Order, apply to the new coins as if e added to the third schedule: 2said Governor of Ceylon, hereby in recited Orde of Her late Majesty in the 3ommissioners of His Majesty's

Page 87
CEYLON CURRENCY
Treasury and one of His Majesty's pri and direct that from and after Jalu. recited Order of Her late Majesty in shah apply to the subsidiary coin, ti in the schedule hereto.
Given at Colombo, in the said Islar December, in the year of Our Lord Or
By
GOD SAVE
SCHIED
O 空 应 只淫号 Coin. Metal, 目激 盛助菲 摇疆 莒函译 日菲
오다 || i ܪ
0 05 Ceylon Five-cent
piece ... Nickel
bronze -
(The Ceylon Government Gazette N
APPEN) IN the Name of His Majesty GEO Kingdom of Great Britain and Irel beyond the Seas, King, Defender of th
PROCLA By His Excellency SLR WILLIAM HE of the Most Distinguished Order o
Knight Commander of the
British Empire, Companio Order of the Bath, Gov. in-Chief in and over t with the Depend W. H. MANNING.
WHEREAs We have received from of State for the Colonies directions
Council, as follows :-
At the Court at Buckingham Pa
Pres
THE KING's MOST E
Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster Lord Steward.

-BRITISH PERIOD. 53
incipal Secretaries of State, proclaim ary 1, 1910, Article 5 of the above h Council, dated February 6, 1892, he particulars whereof are set forth
ld of Ceylon, this Thirteenth day of le thousand Nine hundred and Nine. His Excellency's command,
HUGH CLIFFORD,
Colonial Secretary.
THE KING.
JILE.
Standard . Weight. Remedy Allowance. 它 o GD - S s Weight. 蜀 5 | 5 泻卧
30 3' 888 A weight not exceeding the weight of one piece in every - forty pieces . . None
Io. 6,346 of December 17, 1909.)
DIX J. - -
RGE THE FIFTH, of the United and and of the British Dominions le Faith.
MATION.
NRY MANNING, Knight Commander f Saint Michael and Saint George, Most Excellent Order of the in of the Most Honourable ernor and Commanderhe Island of Ceylon,
encies thereof.
the Right Honourable the Secretary to proclaim. His Majesty's Order in
lace, the 8th day of May, 1919.
ent XCELLENT MAJESTY.
Lord Colebrooke. Lord Southborough.

Page 88
54 CEYLON CURRENCY
Whereas His Majesty the King has order, and good government of His M And whereas by the Coinage (Cey respecting the coins which were to be stitute legal tender in His Majesty's s. And whereas it is expedient to an the milesimal fineness and emedy a subsidiary coins specified in the Third
Now, therefore, His Majesty, by Council, and by virtue of all powers doth hereby ordain and declare as foll
l. (l) 550 shall be substituted f Third Schedule to the Coinage (Cey fineness of Ceylon fifty-cent, twen coined after such date as may be fixe Proclamation.
(2) 5 shall be substituted for 3 in Schedule as the corresponding remedy 2. The Governor of the Colony m approval of the Commissioners of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of St twenty-five cent, and ten-cent piece date as may have been fixed by Pr. section l of this Order shall cease anything in the Coinage (Ceylon) Or. that Order.
3. The Interpretation Act, 1889, Interpretation of this Order, as it pretation of an Act of Parliament.
4. This Order may be cited as th shall be construed as one with the CC Orders amending that Order: and th Orders in Council of the 28th day of J 1893, amending that Order, the Coi Council, 1901, the Ceylon (Coinage) cited together as the Coinage (Ceylon)
And the Lords Commissioners of H Honourable Viscount Milner, one of of State, are to give the requisite dir proclaimed in His Majesty's said Colol
Now therefore, We, the said Gove the said Order in Council, and do fi First day of September, 1919, as the pursuance of the power vested in U. of the said Order in Council.
Given at Colombo, in the said Is day of August, in the year of our LO Nineteen.
By H
(The Ceylon Government Gazette

-BRITISH PERIOD.
power to make laws for the peace, ajesty's Colony of Ceylon: lon) Order, 1892, a law was made the subject of contract and to conaid Colony: end the said Order with respect to lowance in respect of certain of the
Schedule to the said Order : and with the advice of His Privy rested in His Majesty in that behalf,
OWS –
or 800 in the fourth column of the lon) Order, 1892, as the millesimal ty-five cent, and ten-cent pieces d by the Governon of the Colony by
the last column of the said Third r allowance for those coins. ay, by Proclamation made with the Majesty's Treasury and one of His ate, declare that Ceylon fifty-cent, 2s coined up to and including such oclamation under sub-section (1) of to be legal tender, notwithstanding der, 1892, and the Orders amending
shall apply for the purpose of the applies for the purpose of the inter
e Coinage (Ceylon) Order, 1919, and inage (Ceylon) Order, 1892, and the he Coinage (Ceylon) Order, 1892, the une, 1892, and the 17th day of July, nage (Ceylon) Amendment Order in Order, 1909, and this Order may be
Orders, 1892 to 1919. is Majesty's Treasury and the Right His Majesty's Principal Secretaries ections for causing this Order to be
V.
у ALMERIC FITZROY. rnor of Ceylon, do hereby proclaim rther by this Proclamation fix the date which may be fixed by Us in under sub-section (l) of section 1
land of Ceylon, this Twenty-ninth rd One thousand Nine hundred and
is Excellency's command,
A. S. PAGDEN, Acting Colonial Secretary. No. 7,048 of August 29, 1919.)

Page 89
CEYLON CURRENCY
APPEND
At the Court at Buckingham Pala
Prese
THE KING's MOST EXCELL)
WHEREAs His Majesty has power to good government of the Colony of Cey. Colony') :
And whereas by virtue of the Coil Council, 1901 (in this Order referred sovereign is legal tender in the Colony And whereas it is expedient that th tender in the Colony:
Now, therefore, His Majesty, by v that behalf, is pleased, by and with order, and it is hereby ordered, as foll
1. The sovereign shall cease to be
2. (1) This Order may be cited a
(2) This Order shall be deemed to of August, 1920.
And the Lords Commissioners of H Honourable Wiscount Milner, G.C.B Principal Secretaries of State, are to accordingly.
IN the Name of His Majesty GEO Kingdom of Great Britain and Irel beyond the Seas, King, Defender of th
PROCLAM
By His Excellency Sir GRAEME TH Most Honourable Order of the the Government of the Is Dependenci
GRAEMETHOMSON.
WHEREAs His Majesty, by and with been pleased to direct that a sovereig tender in the Colony as and from the
Now, therefore, know Ye that We, t ment, do hereby proclaim and direct and do take effect and come into for Dependencies thereof as and from the Given at Colombo, in the said Isl. August, in the year of our Lord One
By
GOUD SAVE (The Ceylon Government Gazette Eartraordina

-BRITISH PERIOD. 55
IX K.
:e, the 13th day of August, 1920.
7: ENT MAJESTY IN COUNCIL.
make laws for the peace, order and lon (in this Order referred to as “the
nage (Ceylon) Amendment Order in to as “the Order of 1901 '), the 7 :
e sovereign should no longer be legal
irtue of all powers vested in him in the advice of His Privy Council to OWS -
surrent or legal tender in the Colony.
s the Ceylon (Coinage) Order, 1920. have had effect as from the 7th day
is Majesty's Treasury, and the Right ., G.C.M.G., one of His Majesty's give the requisite directions herein
ALMERIC FrTZROY.
RGE THE FIFTH, of the United and and of the British Dominions he Faith.
MATION.
OMSON, Knight Commander of the
Bath, Officer Administering land of Ceylon, with the
es thereof.
the advice of his Privy Council, has in shall cease to be currency or legal date of this Proclamation. he Officer Administering the Governthat the said Order in Council shall ce in this Colony of Ceylon and the
date hereof. and of Ceylon, this Seventh day of shousand Nine hundred and Twenty.
His Excellency's Command,
B. HORSBURGH, Acting Colonial Secretary.
THE KING. ury No. 7, 12 l, Saturday, August 7, 1920.)

Page 90
56
Ordinances Nos. 32 of 1884,
12 of 1886 13 of 1901, 6 of 1903, l l of 1909, 33 of 1914, Il of 1917.
Short title.
Commissioners of Currency.
Board of Commissioners created a corporation under the style of “The Ceylon Currency Commissioners.'
Corporation imay appoint
officers or agents.
Commissioners may issue Government notes.
CEYLON
CURRENCY
PAF
AN ORDINANCE TO
MENT PAPER Cl
1. This Ordinanc Ordinance, and it sha Ceylon.
2. A board of Island shall be estal nance, and shall c the Deputy Chief Stamps.
3. (1) The Boa established under se day of November eig become a corporatic the name and style sioners,' with full pc a common seal, and will and pleasure, a every of the duties powers imposed on a and all acts, matters Ordinance to be don may be lawfully don as a corporation :
Provided, however shall not be fixed to of at least one of t name to the instrum signing shall be inde who may sign the in
(2) The said cor Governor, may fron seal appoint such offi may consider nece interest, or other re investments already made by them, or fo of this Ordinance; a office during the pleɛ
4. There shall be legally current, or co and thereupon it sl from time to time missory notes of th

-BRITISH PERIOD.
APPENDIX L.
"ER CURRENCY.
PROVIDE FOR THE ISSUE OF GOVERN. JRRENCY.
17th December, 1884.)
e may be cited as the Paper Currency till extend to the whole of the Island of
Commissioners of Currency for the olished for the-purposes of this Ordionsist of the Financial Secretary, Secretary, and the Commissioner of
"d of Commissioners of Currency ction 2 shall, from and after the first ghteen hundred and eighty-six, be and on with continuance for ever, under of “The Ceylon Currency Commis. wer and authority to have and to use change and alter the same at their nd shall and may perform each and and exercise each and every of the nd vested in them by this Ordinance; or things which are authorised by this e by them or in their names shall and e by them or in their name and style
, that the seal of the said corporation any instrument except in the presence he Commissioners, who shall sign his ent in token of his presence, and such pendent of the signing of any person strument as a witness.
poration, with the sanction of the l time to time under their common cer or officers, agent or agents, as they ssary for recovering all dividends, venue to be derived from all lawful made, or which may hereafter be otherwise carrying out the provisions nd all persons so appointed shall hold sure of the said corporation.
transferred to the Commissioners coin in and securities as hereafter provided, all be lawful for the Commissioners to provide, issue, and re-issue proe Government of Ceylon payable to

Page 91
CEYLON CURRENC
bearer on demand equal to the whole securities in the hands of the Commi shall be for the respective sums follow
One rupee, Fifty Two rupees, One h Five rupees, . . . . Five h Ten rupees, One til
5. Every such note shall bear th miles of the signatures of any two holding office at the date borne on th
6. Such notes shall be called ' shall be payable only at the office in Colombo. The holders of currency to obtain on demand at the said O such notes coin which may at the optio be either silver rupees of India or go tender in Ceylon under any Order King in Council, but no other coin.
7. Every currency note shall be li for the payment of any amount.
8. (1) The Commissioners shall, o person, issue currency notes in exch thereof in silver rupees of India.
(2) The Commissioners may also exchange for the amount thereof ing tender in Ceylon under any Order of in Council; but the Commissioners whenever it is inexpedient in their the amount of gold coin held as Crdinance:
Provided that until such date as sha of the Governor in the Government lawful, and shall be deemed to have ‘Commissioners, with the approval oft to treat an acceptance of a credit at to an amount so approved as equiv such gold coin as aforesaid in accor section, and in any such case the amou be deemed to be such gold coin as purposes of this Ordinance, except section 6.
9. The Commissioners shall retai coin or in gold coin which is legal under any Order of His Majesty the one-half at the least of the amount circulation. The said reserve shall b at such times as the Governor shall board of survey.
4-J. N. 8.197 (2,139)

Y-BRITISH PERIOD.
2 amount of coin and ssioners. Such notes ving, namely :-
rupees, undred rupees,
hundred rupees, housand rupees.
e signatures or facsiof the Commissioners e note.
2urrency notes,' and of the Commissioners notes shall be entitled ffice in exchange for n of the Commissioners ld coin which is legal
of His Majesty the
egal tender in Ceylon
in the demand of any ange for the amount
issue such notes in old coin which is legal His Majesty the King may decline to do so judgment to increase reserve under this
ll be notified by order Gazette, it shall be been lawful, for the he Secretary of State, the Bank of England alent to a deposit of dance with this subint of such credit shall aforesaid for all the for the purposes of
in a reserve in silver tender in this Island 2 King in Council, of
of currency notes in pe from time to time, appoint, verified by a
57
Notes to be signed by two Commissioners.
Notes to be called “ currency notes,' and holders may demand coin for them.
Currency notes to be legal tender for any annount.
Issue of currency notes.
Power to treat credit at Bank of England as equivalent to a deposit of gold.
Commissioners to retain a reserve of onehalf in silver or gold coin of the notes in circulation.

Page 92
58
Governor to direct investment of one-half of the value of noves in circulation.
Reserve to be set apart to satisfy notes.
How investments to be made.
Investments may be sold or varied if directed by the Governor.
When Commissioners will be authorised to sell out securities.
Suspension of operation of proviso to this section.
CEYLON CURRENCY
10. The Governo the value of one-hal to be invested in m securities of the Go Great Britain and N of any British colony to time be approved Colonies :
Provided that not be invested in Indiar express sanction oft
11. The said res appropriated and se and discharge of th currency notes shall security of the said general credit of the
12. All such inve made in the joint Colonies and of such Secretary of State a behalf of the Commis Indian Government of the Commissioner
13. Any portion directed by the Gov. names they have bee applied to keep up t purchase of other se
14. If at any tim as mentioned in se half of the notes in for the Commissione the Governor) to sel unless and until the be less than one-th. time :
Provided that no f shall be made until t amount to one-half, notes in circulation;
Provided further t shall be suspended, suspended, as from t hundred and sixteen order of the Govern
Provided further limit of the proport circulation which r section 10 shall also been suspended, as f

- BRITSE PERIOD.
', shall also cause a sum, not exceeding of the currency notes in circulation, dian Government securities and such vernment of the United Kingdom of orthern Ireland or of the Government 7 other than Ceylon, as may from time of by the Secretary of State for the
more than one-half of such sum shall Government securities, except by the he Secretary of State.
serve in coin and securities shall be t apart to provide for the satisfaction e said currency--notes; and the said be held to have been issued on the coin and securities as well as on the Government of Ceylon.
}stments shall, if made in England, be names of the Crown Agents for the other officers or persons as His Majesty's aforesaid shall appoint as trustees on isioners. Investments made in India in
securities shall be made in the names
S.
of the aforesaid investments may, if ernor, be sold by the persons in whose in made, and the proceeds of such sale he aforesaid reserve of coin, or in the purities authorised by this Ordinance.
e the specie held by the Commissioners ction 9 should be reduced below one
circulation, it shall not be necessary rs (except by the special directions of l and realize any of the said securities,
amount of specie in their hands shall ird of the notes in circulation at the
urther investment in the said securities he reserve mentioned in section 9 shall at the least of the amount of currency
hat the operation of the above proviso and shall be deemed to have been he thirtieth day of December, nineteen , until such date as shall be notified by or in the Government Gazette ;
that during the said suspension the ion of the value of currency notes in may be invested in securities under be suspended, and be deemed to have rom the said dae.

Page 93
CEYLON CURRENCY
15. All dividends, interest, or ol derived from the said investments s person as shall be nominated in that dividends, interest, or revenue shall fo nary revenues of the Island, excepting centum which shall be appropriated an amount of such investments, and sl trustees referred to in section 12, to be such manner as the Governor, with Secretary of State, shall approve:
Provided always that the Gover sanction of the said Secretary of St. annual appropriations of one per centi wholly or partially discontinued at an it shall appear that the reason for such no longer exists. Investments made section shall be deemed to form part oft in section ll, and shall be held and dea. prescribed by sections 12, 13, and 14 c
16. An account showing the amo the note circulation and of the ch incidental thereto shall be made and in the Government Gazette.
17. An abstract of the accounts o showing
(a) the whole amount of currency in (b) the amount of silver and gold co (c) the nominal value as well as the price of, and the price paid securities held by the Commi
shall be made up on the tenth day of Commissioners, and published as soo Government Gazette.
18. Whosoever shall forge or count offer, utter, dispose of, or put off, knc forged or counterfeited or altered, any word, figure, mark, sign, signature, attached to any such note, shall be hele and shall on conviction be liable to in without hard labour, for any period r years, anything in the Penal Code to t standing.
19. Whosoever without lawful a (the proof whereof shall lie on the persc in his possession any such forged, cou note, or any unfinished or incompl to be issued by the Commissioners, offence, and be liable to imprisonme hard labour, for any period not excee thing in the Penal Code to the contral

-BRITISH PERIOD.
her revenue to be all be paid to such Oehalf, and the said rm part of the ordi
the sum of one per nually on the whole all be paid to the by them invested in the sanction of the
or may, with the ate, direct that the um aforesaid shall be y time, or so long as annual appropriation in pursuance of this he reserve mentioned it with in the manner if this Ordinance.
unt of the profits of arges and expenses published annually
f the Commissioners
otes in circulation; in reserved; and latest known market for, the Government ssioners,
each month by the n as may be in the
erfeit or alter, or shall wing the same to be currency note or any or facsimile upon or guilty of an offence, nprisonment, with or tot exceeding twenty he contrary notwith
uthority or excuse naccused) shall have nterfeited, or altered ete note purporting hall be guilty of an nt, with or without ding five years, anyy notwithstanding.
59
Revenue from investments.
Accounts showing expenses to be published annually in Government Gazette.
Accounts showing amount of notes in circulation, &c., to be published monthly in the GOህeፖገኔገmeገዃነ Gazette.
Penalty for counterfeiting notes.
Penalty for possession of incomplete notes.

Page 94
60
Penalty for possession of paper for notes.
Certificate under the hand of the Deputy Financial Secretary to be conclusive evidence as to the spuriousness of certain currency notes.
Interpretation.
CEYLON CURRENCY
20. Whosoever
(the proof whereof make, use, or knowi with any word, figur appearing in the su notes, or any fram such paper, or any part of any note pu shall have been eng signature of any of t. offence, and shall be with or without har five years, anything notwithstanding.
21. (1) In any pi any currency note sh the hand of the De that such note is spl contain the secret note of correspondiu shall be received in a of the spuriousness o
(2) The Deputy Fil or cross-examined wi
(3) The certificate
This to cer the docu
the follow namely
Denc Num Date
and that that it d character. denomina
22. The expressic Chief Secretary,' ' ' Commissioner of St being lawfully disch and the expression' missioners of Curreno
(Chapter 291,

-BRITISH PERIOD. -
without lawful authority or excuse hall lie on the person accused) shall ngly have in his possession, any paper 3, device, or distinction peculiar to and stance of the paper used for currency 2, mold, or instrument for making material upon which the whole or any rporting to resemble a currency note aved or made, or any facsimile of the he Commissioners, shall be guilty of an liable on conviction to imprisonment, | labour, for any period not exceeding
in the Penal Code to the contrary
oceedings in which the genuineness of all be in question, a certificate under uty Financial Secretary to the effect Irious, on the ground that it does not features characteristic of a genuine ng denomination, number, and date ll courts of law as conclusive evidence f such note.
nancial Secretary shall not be examined th respect to any such certificate.
shall be in the form following:
tify that I have personally examined ment shown to me, and marked purporting to be a currency note of ring denomination, number, and date,
mination: --
ber :
the said note is spurious on the ground oes not contain the secret features stic of a genuine note of corresponding tion, number, and date.
ons * Financial Secretary,” “ Deputy Deputy Financial Secretary' and amps' means the persons for the time arging the functions of such officers, the Commissioners' means the Comy by this Ordinance.
Legislative Enactments of Ceylon, 1938.)

Page 95
CEYLON
CURRENCY
APPE
Note Circulation, Reserve, Currency Prof
Year.
1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936
Reserve.
Notes in Securitie Date. Circu
lation. Metallic.
Cost. M.
W
Rs. Rs Rs. 31.12886 5,02 m 3,12,1887 5,17) 2,930 2,267 3.12, 1888 5,530 2,864 2,666 i.10.1890 5,564 2,505 3.059 1.10, 1895 9,180 4,869 4,31i 1.10.1898, 11,278 5,665 5,613 ... 10.904 18,708 7,080 6,628 1.10.1908 15,007 6,371 8,636 1.10, 1910 22,33 12,665. 10,068 i.10.1911 22,642 11779 10,863 1.10, 1912 22,791 11,293 11,498 1.0.1913 28,945 14,884 14061 i.10.194 27,902 12,741 15,161 1.10,195 27,325 2,164 15,161 1.10, 1918 27,885 12,724 15,161 10, 1917 38,875 19,564 19,311 1.10.1918 37,340 8,029 19,311 1.10.1919 40,533 19,222 21,311 1.10.1920 47,1 16,311 33,432 1.10.1921 45,734 14,855 28,264 1.10.1922 39,286 14,863. 25,145 1.10.1923 39,705 15,272 26,238 2 1.10.1924 47,002 22,569 30,336 2 1.10.1925 52,976 26,549; 32,340 3 1.10.1926 61,726 26,299 42,604 4 1.10, 1927 62,475 25,047 44,836 4 1.10.1928 57,436 22,509 42,477 4 0.929 57,828 22,401 39,770 3 1.10, 1930 57,219 22,292 39,656 3 1.10, 1931 42,441 14,264 33,057 3 1.10,932 41,967 13,790 33,216 3 1.10, 1933 42,029 13,852 33,731. 3 .10.1934 43, 13,906 34,891 3 1.10.1935 44,146 13,970 36,027 4 1.0.1936 44,334 4,158. 36,137 4
APPEND
Subsidiary Coins in Circulati
Small silver, ι.ε., 50, 25,
•0. Rs.
10,216,2ll 10,840,961 ll,713,961 12,017,961 11,976,461 2,178,961 ll,417,96l 10,430,962 9,557,961 9,382,961 9,714,961 9,563,961 9,549,961
5-J.N. 81971 (2139)
Nickel 05. Rs.
a 659,300
685,200 734,900 754,000 769,700 766,900
... 73.360
672,800 656,500 660,700
... i06,366
707,100
η οιόό .

--BRITISH
NDIX M.
PERIOD. 61
its, &c. (000 omitted except in eolumn 6).
Remarks.
S. Currency - Profits.
Urket
lue.
ts. Rs,
8,560 1,059,979 7,914 1,277,433 0,087. 1,378,091 0,929 2,480,754 2,533 2,013,471 0,119 2,058,483 8,907 1,945,349 9,199 1,467,219 2,187 i,713,154 5,340 1,487,713 7,403 1988,970 9,204 1,589,514 1,307 1,497,098 2,482| 1,456,033
Notes in circulation represents "gross' circulation (i.e., total value of notes issued by the Commissioners of Currency less notes withdrawn and destroyed) and includes balances with banks and Kachcheries.
Metalic Reserve.-This refers to the specie reserve. Small silver was taken out of the Reserve in 1916 and gold coins in November, 1920. Since then the specie reserve consists of silver rupees only.
Securities Reserve consists of Sterling securities (Home, Colonial, and Indian) and Indian Rupee securities.
Market Values (Sterling converted at current rate) are those shown in statements for September published in Gazette and not the value (at £1 = 1333) on September 30 of each year, shown in Annual Financial Statements, Treasury.
Currency Profits.-The figures represent profits at the end of each financial year, e.g., s, 1,456,033 against 1.0.1936 = 醬 for the financial year ended September 30, 1936.
IX N.
on (Gross) at December 31.
Copper 01 and 0.
Rs.
1,189,705 1,249,706 1,820,805 1384, 105 1,433,805 1,468,705 1,467,305 1,446,805 1,430,405 , 1,435,505 . 1,474,005 1,487,805 1508,555
Total. Per
capabа. Rs.
12,065,216 2.5 ... 12,775,867 259 ... 13,769,166 2.72 ... 14,156,066 272 14,179,966 - P. 265 ... 14,414,566 265 ... 13,606,566 248 12,550,567 2: 36 ll,644,866 2 16 11,479,166 212 11,889 , 1ᏮᏮ 24 ll,758,866 . . 2• 10 ll,788,616 ( . 209

Page 96
62
Fifty Cents
Twenty-five Cents
Ten Cents
Five Cents Copper Five Cents Nickel One Cent
Half Cent
Quarter Cent
鲁
CEYLON CURRENCY.
APPEN Dates of Issue of
1892, 1893, 1895 1917, 1919, 1: 1928, 1929.
1892, 1893, 1895 19C, 1911, 1 1925, 1926.
1892, 1893, 1894 1909, 1910, 19) 1922, 1924, 19.
1870—1889* bөarј 1909, 1910, 191]
1870-1889* bear 1904, 1905, 1 1920, 1922, 19
1870-1889* beari 1904, 1905, 19
1872-89* bearing
* Date (
NoTE.--Silver rupees issued from the II
dates :-
1835, 1840 (two issues), 1862, 1874, l: 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1900, 190l., 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 19
India, 1935.)

-BRITISH PERIOD.
IX 0. subsidiary Coins.
1899, 1900, 1902, 1903, 1910, 1913, 1914, 20, 1921, 1922, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927,
1899, 1900, 1902, 1903, 1907, 1908, 1909, |13, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922,
1897, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1903, 1907, 1908, 1, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 25, 1926, 1927, 1928.
ng date 1870, 1890, 1891, 1892-93*. , 1912, 1913, 1920, 1926.
ng date 1870, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1900, 1901, )06, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1912, 1914, 1917, 23, 1925, 1926, 1928, '929.
ng date 1870, 1890, 1891, 1895, 1898, 1901, 06, 1908, 1909, 1912, 1914, 1917, 1926.
date 1870, 1890, 1898, 1902, 1904.
of indent.
hdian Mints from 1835 bear the following
875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1897, 1898,
1908, 190Ꮽ, 1910, 1911 , 1912 , 1918, 191Ꮞ, 22. (Report of the Controller of Currency,

Page 97
Accounts, Public,
9
多罗
Allowance, remedy Alukkala Anchor money Anna, Indian
Balance of trade
IN
(Reference t
in E. s. d. in rixdollars in rupees and cents in star pagodas
Bank, Chartered Mercantile
Imperial . . Madras . . of Ceylon
Oriental . .
3
Western . .
failure of
Bank notes, Chartered Mercantile
罗罗
Bimetallism, internatio
Bills on London
Madras . .
s
Cash notes Challies, Dutch
Oriental
payment suspended
nal
Chamber of Commerce against rupee
s
introduction of gold ul
ygp sterling currencv su Change of currency ling y Po Commerce, a coin of Commission on notes and coins Commissions, Currenc 8 Coinage, copper, Dutch challies . . doodies . . stuivers
English
y disappearance of local, cent, one. .
, five
half , two 爱》 jy quarter 99 fanam 8 w
pice
pies 爱罗 stuivers . .
» goid
, nickel . . .ጵ ቌ , silver . .
subsidiary
awıthority fo. mintılvg new

DEX.
o paragraphs.)
A.
C.
tency . . rged by orted by
15, 17
. . 23 . . 15 ... 15, 22, 36
. 15, 22, 33, 45, 47 ... 5 ... 18, 22, 36
,1,2,3,4,14,
46A see “gold',
8 7
22, 35 appendix IF . 46A
2, 3 4, 14, 18, 34
. . 4, ll
. 13, 56, 57
4, 8, 10, 2 4 - ’- ...*
50 ... see" coinage'
, 2 1, 8, 14, 18, 23
18, 46A 1, 3, 8, 14, 8,
46A
. 16, 18
2, 3, 4, 10, 18,
“ sovereign'
... see nickel' ... see dollar',
ʻʻ rixdollar ʼ, 《妮 e ४१
... see ' silver'
... 2

Page 98
64 - INDE
Coinage, circulation of
, counterfeiting of w
, current in early times . . , decimal , design of
, demonetization of
, depreciation of a , exportation of • • , failure of attempt to circulate Brit , fineness of , importation of , introduction of British , illegally dealt with
, melting of 4 w , metal used for , minting df
, Orders in Council regarding
, rating of Om di
, resembling Indian coins , weight of current copper
y9 99 nickel sp 99 silver Currency, paper . .
D. Dates of issue of subsidiary coinage Decimal coinage . . Defacement of coinage Demonetization of Australian Gold
British Gold
yy , copper ps , silver
local copper 99 yy five cents y 9 99 quarter ce sy 99 challie py 99 fanam 99 ,, stuiver (pice) ps Rupee, Portuguese 9 y rixdollar
99 rupee, Indian 99 subsidiary silver coined befor
Design of coinage
99 paper currency
Dimensions of ,
Discount a
Dollar, Spanish . .
Ducat, Venetian
3. Exchange
p effect of falling rate of y 9 official rate of Export of coins . . , 9 Indian embargo on
F. Fanam a Farthing Fineness of rixdo
9 rupee 99 spanish dollar
subsidiary silver coins
PP reduced

ish ..
nt
} 1919 provided for
. . 48, appendix N
6, 26(b) 1, 2, 3
1岛芷
... ii 46
. see “ demoneti
... li
zation o 4, 12 4,ll,12,40,43
... see 'fineness'
3, 10, ll, 3l, 32 8
. 22(v)
. . 42
. . 22, 35
. 2, 3, 22, 24, 33,
44, 47
appendices A to
K
. 2, 4, 8, 14, 18
28
! 2
35, appendix I 22
see ' paper'
. . Appendix. O
. 15, 17
. . 22 ... 4
. 14,42, appendixK ... 23 ... l4 ... O
... 38
36
... , 36 ... 8 ... l8 . . .18 .,22料 ... 4
20, 21
. 17, 46
... 66 66
6 2, 3, 9 2
, l, 4, 8, ll, 14,
25, 41, 49
. . 26 (a)
49
... 4,11, 12, 40,43
40
... see "coinage' ... see " coinage'
15, 22
3
: 2i, 22, 37
37, 38

Page 99
Gold, Australian
99 99 demonetization of
... , English *
sy sy demonetization of y y 99 importation of
Government notes
Gold value of rupee
Importation of coins Indian small silver, proposed demonetizat Inscriptions on coins
Kredit Brieven, taken over and redeemed
Law regulating coinage
雉 Government notes Legal tender limit of coinage
争旁 British silver
s y y copper
yy local copper
99 yy subsidiary 岁》 half-rupee . .
ýoj quarter rupee
nickel
99 rupees Legal tender rate of sovereign
Metal for coinage Melting of coins .. Mint, Birmingham
sy Bombay . .
yy Calcutta ..
y 9 closure of Indian
s local
99. Royal Minting charges . .
s of coins o
y y a Ceylon rupee Minutes by Governor regarding coinage Muhr, Bengal . . o P.
, Surat
Nickel
Notes, currency ..
Order in Council dated
March 23, 1825 : British silver introdu
sy repealed . . October 16, 1852 : British gold introdu 娜》 repealed . . October 22, 1856: Australian gold intr
repeaл эd , ,

NDEX
G.
.
ion of ..
K.
silver
ed
duced
l4, s
... see coinage'
... 20, 21 . 46
. 1, 50, ნ1, 52
... see "Orders in
Council ' .
. 63, appendix L. . . 2, 22
. 13
y
8, 14
. . 14, 22(iii) (c) . . 2il, 22(ii) (b) ... 22 (ii) (ό) . . 22 (ii) (b)
22 (3) (c),
appendix I
14, 22 (3) (a) 4玛
. 22, 35
,42,43 . . 44 . . 44 . . 2, 44
25
3 3,22,44 3, 45
.. séè ဂိ coinage ”
... 28, 32
9, 12, 13 2 2
. 34, 35, 45, 47,
48
... see 'paper
currency’
8, appendix A ... l4, ps C . . .3, , B ... l4, , C . 13, , B C

Page 100
66 IND:
Order in Council dated
June 18, 1869 : “ Company’s ” rupee lega
ps repealed . . February 6, 1892: British India rupee
introduced July 17, 1893 : Rupee of Portuguese India Stptember 26, 1901 : Sovereign again legal
y repealed October 18, 1909: Copper five and
demonetized May 8, 1919 : Fineness ot small silver redu August 13, 1920: Sovereign again demon Ordinance, Coining Prevention . .
prohibiting melting of coins
Oriental Bank Corporation 0 0
P Pagoda, Porto Novo
y Star
Tuticorin Panama o Patagaya o Pavuma Penny, Pence Pice Pies Pound, Ceylon Paper Currency . .
py bank notes
first issue of . . y y Kredit Brieven . . 99. rixdollar
ps r circulation of
, redemption of 99 rupee a 9p 99. law regulating
ys) unlimited legal te 99 99 exchange for banl 99 issue against gold 99 99 covered by reserv 99 circulation of 99. gy counterfeiting of 99 p design of p 99 watermarks on 99 sterling 99 99 withdrawal of 99 Ordinance Proclamations, regarding coins, Dutch
pp. 9. copper 05 and 0. 炒》 炒纷 export of gold gold coinage 99 أو و
nickel coinage y 99 rixdollar 99 炒》 гupees y 99 subsidiary silver Price of silver, rise and fall in Profit on coinage as g paper currency O Public accounts . .
Regulation 12 of 1814 3 of 1820 7 of 1820

lized and decimal coinage
i demonetized tender
quarter cent pieces
ced tized
... ဒိ8, 39 ? . . 42
... 3
36
3
0,
45 see ' bank'
46A
2, 4 2, 4 2
.. 46A . . 46A
8, 14, 18 l, 2, 3, 8, 18, 46
... 6, 18
. . 46A
. . Part II
... see 'bank'
l, 50
l, 50, 5, 52
5, 10, 14, 52, 53, 54, 55
. , 52, 53, 54 . . ), 55
. 62,63, 64, 65, 66
nder knotes
. . 63, appendix L. ... 63 (c) ... 63 (d) . . 63 (e)
. 63 (f), 65
... 64, appendix M
。53,63(f)、66
... 66
... 66
. . i0, 4, 55
. . 56
63, appendix L.
36, appendix H 43
...... 13, 43, appen
dices G. K.
. 35, appendix I
4
2, 22, appx. С
. . 22, 38, appx. J . . 25, 37, 4
. 32 (ii.), 37, 45
65
53 53
7, 8, 15, 17

Page 101
Regulation 18 of 1822
s 5 of 1823 gg 8 of 1823 g ll of 824 9 8 of 1825 p 8 of 1827 ys 6 of 1830
Remedy allowance KO 40 Reserve, currency, gold and silver Rixdollar coin
y demonetization of
s exchange value of
Rixdollar paper .. KM
Rupee, Arcot ..
, Bombay . . a
, Ceylon . . a
, Company's (East India) . .
gg legalization of
, Government
, Madras
, Portuguese , Sicca (Calcutta)
, Surat , half , one-eighth
quarter
, fineness of , free coinage of
gold value of 8 , importation of a , Indian embargo on export of
, legal tender limit of , motes
placing an artificial value on 鬱戀 weight of s
Salliya ... " 40 Sattaliya as 8 Silima O
Silver coinage
, cost of minting subsidiary , import and export of
, rating of . .
, reserve against notes Silver scarcity Spanish dollar Star pagoda Stuiver Sterling notes
Sinhalese names of obsolete coins Subsidiary silver coinage
yy fineness reduced 罗姆 fifty cents A
twenty-five cents ten cents Sovereign to
9 half
爱剑 demonstization of

NDEX
... 5
. 54
67
6
6 8, 14, 55
16, is
O
23,35 '... 31, 32, 63.f), 65
W PE
l, 3, 4, 8
.. seé : paper
currency’ l, 2, 4 9, 12
:: 28.32
12, 14, 15 l4
... i.
2, 3, 9, 12
2,53
2, 4, 9 2.9
14:15, 21, 22 l4, 20, 21
2, 3, 14, 15, 21,
22
12, 14, 22 25
... 25, 26(b)
. 10, ll, 31, 32, 40
40
့် i4, 22(ii)
8ее “рарег
currency'
. 25, 26 . . 14, 22(i)
46A . 46A
46A
... see "rixdollar',
4, 10, 11, 31
《绯 see "coinage
and "exchange' 3.
့် ဒိi, 32, 40
2, 3, 9 2, 4 l, 2, 3, 18, 46A
вее “paper
currency'
() 20:21, 22, 37, 48
8
7,
. . .33, 45, 47 ... 33, 45, 47 ... 33, 45, 47
13, 14, 30, 31,
see gold 3
... i., 42

Page 102
68
INDEX
Sovereign export of
gold content of importation of import duty on O in Currency Reserve . . lowering the legal tender rate of made legal tender
melting of notes in exchange for Orders in Council regarding
prohibition of importation of
T。
Tambasalliya, Tamil names of obsolete coins * : Trade interests, effect of falling rate of exchange
邻罗 Tuttuwa
&
effect of raising gold value of rupe
W. Value, bullion . . 0.
gg token 8 娜 Varieties of rupees 8
m W. Weight of coinage
Watermarks on notes 0
PRINTED AT TEE CEXLON govKiNME

Οι 2e on,
43 . ..ه
... 4l
. 3, 43
... 32
: 68(1)
.' 13, 30
... ၆ဒိ (စံ), (e)
... appendices B,
G. K.
... 32
9
.. 46Α . . 46A . . 26, 27 . . 26(b) . 46A
. . 26(b) ... 26(b)
. 25, footnote
2, 3, 12, 14, 22, appendices E, I.
... 66
NT PRESS COLOMB0.

Page 103


Page 104


Page 105


Page 106