கவனிக்க: இந்த மின்னூலைத் தனிப்பட்ட வாசிப்பு, உசாத்துணைத் தேவைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தலாம். வேறு பயன்பாடுகளுக்கு ஆசிரியரின்/பதிப்புரிமையாளரின் அனுமதி பெறப்பட வேண்டும்.
இது கூகிள் எழுத்துணரியால் தானியக்கமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட கோப்பு. இந்த மின்னூல் மெய்ப்புப் பார்க்கப்படவில்லை.
இந்தப் படைப்பின் நூலகப் பக்கத்தினை பார்வையிட பின்வரும் இணைப்புக்குச் செல்லவும்: கூத்தரங்கம் 2004.08

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te;jth;fspy; eLj;ju tajpw;Fk; gpw;g vd ehk; $wptplj; Jzpakhl;Nlhk;. fhuzk;> ,q;F mt;tuq;F mwpKf khd fhyk; Kjy; njhlh;r;rpahd NgZifiaf; nfhz;ljhfTk;> kf;f shy; gw;WWjpNahL kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wg;
rpyh;> 2. ehlf muq;f tuyhw XusNtDk; fw;wwpa tha;g;Gf; fpil jhYk;> ehlfj;jpy;  3. tpj
,ir ehlfk;
mJ te;jthWk; ,Uf;fpd;wthWk;
80fspy; ,lk;ngw;w ,ir ehlfj;jpy
gLtjhfTk; (cz;ikapy; ,J ng ghyhd kf;fshy; gw;WWjpNahL fg;gLfpwhjh? vd;W rpyh; Nfl;ff;$ mit Mlg;gLfpd;w kf;fs; kj;j ,d;Wk; mit ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd-m kf;fs; vz;zpf;ifapy; Fiwthf , ff;$Lk; - vdpDk; mth;fs; tpU ghh;f;fpd;wdh;.) cs;sJ. NkYk;> g fs; \,ir ehlfj;ij| vkJ ghuk muq;fhff; fUj Kd;te;Js;s ,e;jf; fhuzq;fshy; ehk; ,ir fj;ij vkJ ghuk;ghpa muq;f nfhs;tjpy; jtwpy;iy vd;Nghk;. vkJ ghuk;ghpa muq;F gw;wpa rpe;ji Nguhrphpah; R.tpj;jpahde;jd; mjd

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;tjpy; jtwpy;iy vd;Nghk;. ghuk;ghpa muq;F gw;wpa rpe;jid> rphpah; R.tpj;jpahde;jd; mjd; kPJ
iw fhl;ba gpd;dh;> tYtile;J s;sJ vdyhk;. gyUk; ,it ; rpe;jpf;fpwhh;fs;. ,t;thW rpe;jpg; s; vy;NyhiuAk; xNu tiff;Fs; ;f KbahJs;sJ. mth;fs; gy g; gl;lth;fshNt cs;sdh;. 1. ;ikapNyNa toptopahf Mb th;fspy; eLj;ju tajpw;Fk; gpw;gl;l 2. ehlf muq;f tuyhw;iw NtDk; fw;wwpa tha;g;Gf; fpilj;j ;> ehlfj;jpy;  3. tpj;jpah
de;jd; top epd;W ehl;lhh; fiyfisg; NgZk; Nehf;Fila rpyh;> 4. vkJ ghuk;ghpaj;Js; mlq;fp tuhj ehlfq; fs; vdr;rpytw;iw tifg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L mtw;iw \etPd ehlfq;fs;| vdf; $wpf;nfhz;L> mtw;wpd;ghy; tpy; yq;fg;gl;L xUtpj ntWg;igAk; tsh;j; Jf;nfhz;L> ghuk;ghpa muq;F> kw;Wk; fiyfis ehbepw;gth;> 5. gl;l nkhd;W (nfsutg;gl;l j;i j ePq;fs; epidj;J tpLtPh;fs; vd;gjhy;> mJ ty;y ,J vd;gijAk;> gbj;Jg; ngWk; gl;lNk ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk; ehd; Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz; Lk;) ngWtjw;fhf Muk;g epiy Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; rpy khz ir ehlfk;
th;fs; - ,th;fspy; gyUf;F ehlfj;jpd; ghy; ehl;lNk ,y;iy vd;gJ cyf wpe;j cz;ik> 6. \KJfiy khzp| \fyhepjp| Nghd;w gl;lq;fSf;fhf Ma; tpid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; rpyh;. 7. ehlfj; te;jthWk;
jpd;ghYk; jkpo; muq;fpd;ghYk; tpUg; ghh;tKs;s rpyh;. ,e;j tifg;ghL ,j;NjhL KbTngwhJ. ,d;Dk; vj; ;fpd;wthWk;
jidNah tiffs; ,Uf;Fk;. gy;NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fs; ,Ug;gJ ey;
;ngw;w ,ir ehlfj;jpy; xU fhl;rp
yJ. Kuz;gl;l fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;l th;fis vjphpfshff; fUJtJ MNuhf; fpakhd mwpT tsh;r;rpf;F cfe;jjy;y. vjphp NtW> vjph;f;fUj;jhsd; NtW vd;gij czh;e;J nfhs;Nthkhdhy;> kpff; fhj;jpukhd> fhurhukhd tpthjq; fisAk; ehk; Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. tpthjj;jpy;  egh;fis Kjd;ikg; gLj;jp Nehf;fhJ> NenujpNu Kd;itf; fg;gLk; fUj;Jf;fis Kd; epWj;jp Nehf;Ftnjd;gJ rhj;jpakhFk;.
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Page 5
,yq;ifapy;> ghuk;ghpa muq;Ffspd; ghy; Vw;gl;l ehl;lk; vd;gJ \,yq; ifj; Njrpak;| \jkpo;j; Njrpak;| vd;w rpe;jidfNshL njhlh;Ggl;ljhfNt vOe;jJ. murpaiyg; nghWj;jtiuapy; \,yq;ifj; Njrpak;| vd;gJ ngUk;gh yhd rpq;fsj;jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; Gj;jp IPtpfspd; epidg;gpy; \rpq;fsj; Njrpak;| vd;gjhfNt mike;jpUe;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy; \jkpo;j; Njrp ak;| vd;w rpe;jid gy jkpoh;jk; epidg; gpy; Nth;tpl Muk;gpj;jJ. ,itahTk; tuyhW tFj;jikj;Jr; nry;Yk; tha;f;fhy; top te;J Nrh;e;jit. ,tw; wpd; rhp> gpiogw;wp Muha;tJ ,q;F vkJ Nehf;fky;y. tpj;jpahdj;jd; ehl;Lf; $j;Jf;fspd; kPJ ehl;lq;nfhz;L> mtw;iwAk;> mtw;iw MLgth;fisAk; Kjd;ikg; gLj;j Kw;gl;lNghJ> \,ir ehlfj;ij Ak;| jdJ ghpTg; ghh;itf;Fs; nfhz;L te;jhh;. \r%f ehlfq;fSk;| (Ngrp ebf;fg;gLgit) \mur ehlfq;fSk;| \ehl;ba ehlfq;fSk;| kj;jpa ju th;f;fj;jpdh; kj;jpapy; nry;thf; Fg; ngw;wpUe;j fhuzj; jhy;> fpuhkj;J muq;F fshd $j;Jf;fSk; ,ir ehlfKk; fhyfjpapy; tof; fpwe;J Ngha;tpLk; vd mth; vz;z pdhh; NghYk;. NkYk;> vkJ Nth;fis ehk; Njl Ntz;ba epiyapYk; md;W ,Ue;jjhYk;> fiy topNa ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;jk; Nth; fisf; fz;L nfhs;s Kw;gl;l tpj;jpahde;jd;> ehl;lhh; fiy fisAk; ehl;Lf; $j;juq;ifAk; vkJ fiy Nth;fshf> vkJ fiy KJrkhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. ,t;thW> ehl;lhh; fiyfisAk; $j;Jf;fisAk; NgZtjd; %yk; ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fsJ Njrpaj;ij cW jpg;gLj;j KbAk; vdf;fUjpa tpj;jpah de;jd;> ,ir ehlfj;ijAk; mjDl; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. NtW rpy $j;J kuGfSf;F mth; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf; fj; jtwptpl;lhh; vd;W Fiwg;gl;Lf; nfhs;gth;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. epw;f> tpj; jpahdj;jdJ ehlfg; gzp gw;wpanjhU eLepiyahd Ma;T ,d;dKk; ehlff; fy;tpg;Gyj;jhy; Nkw; nfhs;sg;glhjpUg; gJk; Jujp\;lkhd xd;whFk;. tpj;jpahdj;jd; Vd; ,ir ehlfj;ij vkJ ghuk;ghpaf; fiyahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;? jkpo;ehL Vw;Wf; nfhz;b Ug;gjhy;jhd;> tpj;jpahde;jDk; ehnky; NyhUk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Nlhkh? ,ir ehlfj;ij vkJ ghuk;ghpa ehlfkhff; nfhs;syhkh? ,y;iyah? vd;w gpur;rp idia ,g;Ngh Njhw;Wtpg;gNj xU mgj;jkhd tp\ak; vdf; nfhs;s Kbahjh? ,g;Ngh> ,ij xU nghpa gpur;
mspf;if 04
rpid Nghy ,ijf; fhl;lKw;gLt VNjDk; cs;Nehf;fk; cz;lh? e ahf; fhyk;Kjy; vkJ ghuk;ghpa fk; vd vkJ Kd;NdhUk; , ehKk; fUjptUk;; xd;iw ,g;Ngh ehk; tpthjj;Jf;Fl;gLj;jNtz fhuz fhhpa tpsf;fq;fNshlh ehk; v tw;iwAk; gw;wpa KbTfis vL Nwhk;. tho;tpy; gytw;iw Kd;N nrhy;yf; Nfl;L me;jthNw mt ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJz;L. ,e;jt jhd; ,ir ehlfKk; vkJ ghuk;g fiy tbtq; fspy; xd;whdJ. mt;thwhapd;> vkJ kdq;fspy; mjhtJ ,yq; ifj; jkpo;r; r% fj;jpd; cstpa ypy; ,ir ehlfk; vd;gJ jkJ ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; xU $W
v epidg;Gj; jd Or;rpahfNt te;j xd;wh? Vw;f kWj;jhYk; \r%f cstpa \r%f mwpTzh;T| vd;gd ,U jhd; nra;fpd;wd. jd;ndOr;r eilngWgit ahTk;> vf;fhuz ,y;yhJ elg;gitay;y. jd;nd ahd nraw;ghl;Lf;F ce;Jjyhfg fhuzpfs; mikAk; gof;fk;> ghpr;r gz;ghl;Lj; njhlh;r;rp> mwpT> mDg rpe; jidg;Nghf;F> nfhs;iffs;> ts Kiw> tsh;e;j #oy; vd ,d;Dk tw;iwAk; $wKbAk;. vdNt> jd Or;rpahf elg;gtw;Wf;F ce;J fh fshf> cldbf;fhuzpfs; kl;L yhJ Nra;ikf; fhuzpfs; gy ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;jthWjhd;> ,yq;i jkpoh;jk; ghuk;ghpa muq;fhf , ehlfk; tUtjw;Fk; gyg;gy fhuz Jiz epd;wpUf;fpd;wd. mjdhy;j 19k; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; mw khd ,f;fiy tbtk; jkpo; ehl;b ,yq;ifj;jkpoh; kj;jpapYk; 20

Nghy ,ijf; fhl;lKw;gLtjpy; k; cs;Nehf;fk; cz;lh? ehkwp fhyk;Kjy; vkJ ghuk;ghpa ehl vd vkJ Kd;NdhUk; ,d;W ; fUjptUk;; xd;iw ,g;Ngh Vd; tpthjj;Jf;Fl;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. fhhpa tpsf;fq;fNshlh ehk; vy;yh wAk; gw;wpa KbTfis vLf;fp ;. tho;tpy; gytw;iw Kd;Ndhh; ;yf; Nfl;L me;jthNw mtw;iw Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJz;L. ,e;jthW ; ,ir ehlfKk; vkJ ghuk;ghpaf;
tbtq; ; xd;whdJ. ;thwhapd;> kdq;fspy; tJ ,yq; ; jkpo;r; r% pd; cstpa ,ir ehlfk; J jkJ ;ghpaj;jpd; $W
vd;w epidg;Gj; jd;nd r;rpahfNt te;j xd;wh? rpyh; kWj;jhYk; \r%f cstpay;|> mwpTzh;T| vd;gd ,Uf;fj; ; nra;fpd;wd. jd;ndOr;rpahf ngWgit ahTk;> vf;fhuzKk; hJ elg;gitay;y. jd;ndOr;rp nraw;ghl;Lf;F ce;Jjyhfg; gy pfs; mikAk; gof;fk;> ghpr;rpak;> hl;Lj; njhlh;r;rp> mwpT> mDgtk;> idg;Nghf;F> nfhs;iffs;> tsh;g;G > tsh;e;j #oy; vd ,d;Dk; gy wAk; $wKbAk;. vdNt> jd;nd ahf elg;gtw;Wf;F ce;J fhuzp > cldbf;fhuzpfs; kl;L ky; Nra;ikf; fhuzpfs; gyTk; ;Fk;. ,e;jthWjhd;> ,yq;ifj; h;jk; ghuk;ghpa muq;fhf ,ir k; tUtjw;Fk; gyg;gy fhuzpfs; epd;wpUf;fpd;wd. mjdhy;jhd;> E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; mwpKf ,f;fiy tbtk; jkpo; ehl;bYk; ;ifj;jkpoh; kj;jpapYk; 20 Mk;
E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpNyNa Kf;fpakhd njhU ,lj;ijg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lJ NghYk;. ,U ehLfspYk; ,t;tuq;fk; vy;yh kf;fspd; kdq;fspYk; ,lk; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;ljh vd;gJ NtW tp\ ak;. vt;thwhapDk;> ,t;tuq;F ahU ila kdq;fisf; fth;e;jNjh> mJ mt;thW fth;e;jikf;fhd fhuzq; fis ehk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;f;fyhk;. ,it jhd; fhuzq;fs; vd;W ehk; mWjpapl; Lf; $w Kd;tutpy;iy. mtw;iw Cfq;fshfNt Kd;itf;f tpUk;GNthk;.
jkpo; ehl;bd; ehlf ky;y \,ir ehlfk;| ,Ug;gpDk; mJ kpftpiutpy; jkpo; ehl;bd; ehl fkhfptpLfpwJ. jkpo;ehL> ,ir ehlfj;ijg; gz;ghl;L kakhf;fYf;F cl;gLj;jp tpLfpwJ. fh;ehlf ,irNa jkpoh; jk; ,iray;y vd;w njhU thjk; xUGwk; ,d;W tiu ,Uf;f> fh;ehlf ,irapd; Nrh;f;if vt; thW \ghh;rp| muq;i fj; jkpouq; fhf;fp \,ir ehlfk;| vdg; ngaiuAk; mjw;Ff; nfhLj;jJ vd;gJ vd;nwd; Wk; tpil fhzKbahj Kuzzpah fNt ,Uf;Fk;. tho;Nt Kuzzpfspd; Ftpayy;yth? ,e;J];jhdp ,ir nkl;Lf;fSk;> ,yFgLj;jp /IduQ;rfg; gLj;jg;gl;Lg; ghlg;gl;l fh;ehlf ,ir ,uhfq;fSk; jkpo; kakhf;fg; gl;ld. $j;Jf;fspD}lhfTk;> fijg;ghly;fsp D}lhfTk; kf;fs; mwpe;J te;j Guhz> ,jpfhrf; fijfisNa jkpo;ehl;bd; ,ir ehlfq;fSk; ghb Mbd. fij NahL fye;J te;j fh;dhlf kw;Wk; ,e;J];jhdp ,irg; ghly;fs; kf;fspd; eag;igg; ngw;wd. fh;dhlf ,ir kf;fs; kj;jpapy; guTtjw;F ,ir ehlfq;fs; jhd;> ,irf; fr;Nrhpfis tpl kpfg; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpd vd;gij vtUk; kWf;fhh;. vdNt> njUf; $j;jhfg; ghh;j;J te;j kf;fs; ,g;Ngh ,ir ehlfkhfTk;
njhlh;r;rp 11k; gf;fk;
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mspf;if 04
ah
o;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; ifyhrgjp fiyauq;fpy; \j hpr;Rty;| vd;Dk; Mq;fpy nkhopapy; mike;j RNjr ehlfk; 29> Nk 2004> khiy 4.30 kzpf;F NkilNaw;wg;gl;lJ. aho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf;fof nkhopapay; Jiwapdh; ehlf NkilNaw;wj;jpw;fhd xOq;Ffis Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. \j hpr;Rty;| ehlfj;ij vOjp newpahs;if nra;jpUg;gth; nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fof nkhopapay; Jiw tphpTiuahsh; n[fhd; mNyhrpa]; (Jehan Aloysius) kpf ePz;l ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; ehlfk; ghh;g;gjw;fhf ifyhrgjp fiyauq;F epiwe;jpUe;jJ. \\ehlfk; ghh;g;gjw;F muq;fpw;F kf;fs; tUtjpy;iy|| vd;w Ma;T KbTfSf;F kj;jpapy; ifyhrgjp fiyauq;F epiwe;jpUe;jJ kdepiwitj; je;jJ. kf;fsplk; ehlf NkilNaw;wq;fs;
The Ritual
gw;wpa rhpahd jfty;fs Nehf;fp tUthh;fs;. ,q;F gzpia rpwg;ghf Nkw;nf \j hpr;Rty;| ehlfj;jpd; kzpj;jpahyq;fs;. ehlfk ghh;itahsh;fSk; Mh;t ngUq;fhl;rpfshf eiln epkplq;fs; ,ilNtis ghuk;ghpaj;jpYk; ,t;thw ehlfk; ghh;g;gjw;fhf kf rpd;dj;jpiuf;F Kd;dhy Nghtjhy; Nkil ehlfq ,jdhy; vk;kj;jpapy; M Neuq;fSk; RUq;fpf; nfh ehlfj;jpw;F ghh;itahs nghWikAld; ,Ue;J g Nkilapy; xU rpwpa tPl rkay; nra;tjw;fhd kz ,ljpYk; rhg;ghl;L Nki fhzg;gl;ld. eL Nkil rhkhd;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld

The Ritual
- - - - - ehlf ehlf ehlf ehlf ehlf tpkh;rdk; tpkh;rdk; tpkh;rdk; tpkh;rdk; tpkh;rdk; ; gw;wpa rhpahd jfty;fs; nrd;wilfpd;wNghJ kf;fs; muq;if Nehf;fp tUthh;fs;. ,q;F xOq;FgLj;jpath;fs; tpsk;gug;gLj;jy; gzpia rpwg;ghf Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. \j hpr;Rty;| ehlfj;jpd; Mw;Wif Neuk; ,uz;L kzpj;jpahyq;fs;. ehlfk; KbAk; tiu midj;Jg; ghh;itahsh;fSk; Mh;tj;Jld; ghh;j;jpUe;jhh;fs;. ehlfk; ,uz;L ngUq;fhl;rpfshf eilngw;wJ. xU fhl;rp Kbtpy; gjpide;J epkplq;fs; ,ilNtis tplg;gl;lJ. jkpo; muq;fg; ghuk;ghpaj;jpYk; ,t;thwhd gz;ig ,dq;fhzyhk;. Kd;G ehlfk; ghh;g;gjw;fhf kf;fs; fhj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. ,d;W rpd;dj;jpiuf;F Kd;dhy; vkJ mjpfkhd Neuq;fs; nrytope;J Nghtjhy; Nkil ehlfq;fis ghh;f;f Neukpy;yhJ NghfpwJ. ,jdhy; vk;kj;jpapy; Mw;Wif nra;ag;gLk; ehlfq;fspd; Neuq;fSk; RUq;fpf; nfhz;ld. ,e;epiyapy; \j hpr;Rty;| ehlfj;jpw;F ghh;itahsh;fs; mjpfkhff; $baJk; nghWikAld; ,Ue;J ghh;j;jJk; Kf;fpakhfpd;wd. Nkilapy; xU rpwpa tPl;bd; rkayiw fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. rkay; nra;tjw;fhd kz;nzz;izf; Ff;fh; Nkilapd; Kd; ,ljpYk; rhg;ghl;L Nkir> fjpiufs; Kd; tyjpYk; fhzg;gl;ld. eL Nkilapy; mk;kp> FstpAld; rpy jl;L Kl;Lr; rhkhd;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld.
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cs;tUtjw;Fk; ntspNaWtjw;Fk; Nkilapd; gpd; ,ljpYk; tyjpYk; ,uz;L fjTfs; fhzg; gl;ld. Fiwe;jsT xspf;fUtpfS ld; xspaikg;G nra;ag;gl;b Ue;jJ. ehlfj;jpd; #oy; rpU\;bg;Gf;F Vw;w jhd El;gj;ij xsp aikg;G nfhz;bUf; ftpy;iy. MdhYk; rpy fzq;fspy; xspAk; Nkilf; fhz; gpaq;fSk; ,ize;J fhz;gpa Moj;ijf; (Visual Depth) nfhLj;jd. xU rkayiwia gpd;dzp fhl;rpahff; nfhz;L rpq;fsf; fpuhkpaf; FLk;gnkhd;wpd; fijia newpahsh; \gr;irahf| Nkilapy; nfhl;bapUe;jhh;. xU gilg;Gf;F tho;tpy; ,Ue; jhd njhpTk>; njhpT nra;jtw;iw nrJf;fp nrOikg;gLj;J tJk; mtrpak;. ,e;j ehlfj;jpy; mjid Neh;j;jpahfr; nra;atpy;iyNah? vd;W vz;zj; Njhd;wpaJ. ehlfj;jpd; fij xU fpuhkpaf; FLk;gj;ijr; Nrh;e;j fUzh tjp mtsJ ,U Gjy;th;fshd re;jpuNrfu> r[Pt;> kUkfs; fydp> Gwk; nrhy;yp thOk; mlq;fhj ngz; Mhpatjp MfpNahiu ghj;jpuq;fshff; nfhz;L mirfpwJ. ,th;fSf; fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; \cwT Kuz;| ehlf KuzhfpwJ. ,JNt ehlfj;ij tsh;j;Jr; nry;fpwJ. xU rPuhd rpf;fypd;wpa fij fhkKk; rz;ilAk; rr;ruTkhf efh;fpwJ. rka yiwapy; NjdPh; itf;Fk; NghJ> rhg;gpLk;NghJ> rik ay; nra;Ak;NghJ elf; fpd;w ciuahly;fspdJk;> rk;gtq;fspdJk; njhFg;Ng ehlfk;. fpuhkj;jpd; vspik ahd ,sk; ngz;zpd; mtyk; ehlfj;jpD}lhf ntspg;gLfpwJ. xU ngz; zpd; czh;r;rpf; nfhe; jspg;G> Vf;fk;> kdNt jid> mKf;fpf; fple;J FKWk; epiy> tPl;L Ntiyr;Rik> rPjdf; nfhLik> Foe;ijg;NgW Nghd;w gy;NtW gpur;ridfs; rkay; miwf;Fs; myrg;gLfpd;wd. fpuhkg; ngz;zpd; tho;T rkayiwNa vd;wthwhd newpahshpd; fhl;rpg;gbkq;fs; mw;Gjkhdit. ,q;F fydpapd; ghypay; czh;ntOr;rpf;F tbfhy; NjLk; ,lkhfTk; rkayiw fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. fydp ghj;jpuNkw;W ebj;jth;. kpf mw;Gjkhf ebj;jpUe;jhh;. rpd;dr; rpd;ddhf mtuJ xt;nthU Jyq;fy;fSk; njspthf ,Ue;jd. ,ay;ghf ebj;jpUe;jhh;. ,uz;L Mz; gps;isfspd; jhahd fUzhtjp ghj;jpuj;jpw;F ebj;jtUk; rpwg;ghfj; jd; gzpahw;wpapUe;jhh;. ,tNu ehlfj;jpd; gpw;gFjpapy; MhpatjpahfTk; ebj;jpUe;jhh;. mjpy; fUzh tjp ghj;jpuj;jpd; rhaNy mjpfk; fhzg;gl;lJ. (Mhpa tjpf;F ebj;jth; jpBh; RfaPdk; fhuzkhf Mw;Wifapy; gq;Fgw;wtpy;iy. ,jdhy; xUth; ,uz;L ghj;jpuq;fis jhq;fNtz;b ,Ue;jJ.) re;jpuNrfu ghj;jpuk; nksdKk; ntbj;Jf; fpsk;Gk; czh;r; rpAkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. R[Pt; ghj;jpuk; fl;bsikg; gUt ,isQdpd; Jbg;Gld; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L ghj;jpuq;fspdJk; ,ay;Gj; jd;ik NkYk; Jyf;fkhf ntspg;gl;bUf;fyhk;. fydp rPjdkpd;wpf; fUzhtjp tPl;Lf;F te;jts;. rPjdk; nfhLf;fhjth;fis neUg;G %l;bf; nfhSj;Jk; may;f; fpuhk thbf;if gw;wp Nfs;tpAw;W mbf;fb jd; kdj; jpiuapy; mtw;iw fhl;rpahff; fhz;gts;. re;jpuNrfuit
mspf;if 04
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j;jpd; xU fhl;rpapy; ghuk;ghpa Nfhyk; dj;ij MLk; ebfh;fs;.
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As;sd. rpq;fsg; ghuk;ghpa ehlf tbtq;fspy; xd;whd Nfhyk; ehlf tbtj;jpy; ,Ue;J Kf%b mzpe;j ghj; jpuq;fSk; eldq;fSk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;L gad;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sd. Kf%b mzpe;j ghj;jpuq;fspd; ifj;Njh;r; rpahd mirTfs; Clhf espdk;> vs;sy;> Nfhuk;> tpfh uk;> Ntfk; Nghd;w gy; gz;Gfs; ntspg;gl;ld. ,urpg;Gf; Fhpajhd ehlfg;ghq;fhd mirTfis (Dramatic Move- ments) ,j;Jz;Lf; fhl;rpfspy; fhzKbe;jJ. ,f;fhl;rpfs; eilngWk; NghJ gpd;ddpahf xypj;j gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ,ir mirtpaf;fj;ij tsh;j;Jr; nry;y cjtpaJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Jz;Lf;fhl;rp Kbtpy; cr;r];jhapapy; xypj;j Fuy; nghUj;jkpd;wp mywpajhfNt ,Ue;jJ. fydpapd; ep[ tho;Tg; Nghuhl;lk; ajhh;j;j tpNuhj ghzpapy; fhl;rp ahfpapUe;jJ. nfhq;iffs; njhq;fpagb> tpfhukhd Kfj; Njhw;wj;Jld; fhzg;gl;l Mhpatjp ghj;jpuj;ij cjhu zkhf Fwpg;gplyhk;. ehlfj;jpw;fhd fij cz;ikf;fij k;Gk; czh;r;
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mspf;if 04
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,e;j ehlftpohtpw;Fg; gy Kjpath;fs; ehl;bd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; tUif je;jpUe;jhh;fs;. mth;fspd; Kfj;jpy; kpFe;j re;Njh\k; fhzg;gl;lJ. $bepd;W jkJ gioa ehlfq;fs; gw;wp epiwag; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. ,dptUk; fhq;fspy; vt;thW ehlf tpohit rpwg;ghff; nfhz;lhyhk; vd;gJ gw;wpAk; fye;Jiuahbdhh;fs;.
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khdpg;gha; ,e;J fy;Y}hpapd; ehlftpoh - 20
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fiyauR nrhh;zypq;fk; Nghd;w rpwe;j ehlff; fiyQh;fspd; Kaw;rpaha; ,e;j ehlf tpoh Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L rpwg;gpf;fg; gl;ljhfj; njhpfpd;wJ. fiyau nrhh;zypq;fj;jpd; ehlfg; ghzpi ,d;Wk; ,q;F fhzKbtJ kfpo;r;rpahdJ. khdpg;gha; ,e;J fy;Y}hp cgmjpgh; jdJ ciua \\,uhZtg; gpur;rpidfSf;F K jpwe;jntsp Nkilapy; ,uT Ntisfspy; ehlfq;fs; ele;jd ,e;j tpohtpw;F Ch; xd;W$b

khdpg;gha; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}hpapd; ehlftpoh - 2004
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;ghpaj;jpy; ngz; ghj;jpuq;fis ;fs; ebg;gJ kuG> mjw;fhd pNafkhd espd mirT ;G cz;L. me;j ebg;ig ,e;j tpy; NkilNawpa ngz; puq;fspy; fhzKbe;jJ.
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ehlfk; ntWkNd fz;Lfspg;gjw;Fhpa xd;W vd;gjw;F mg;ghy;> ehlfj; Jiwrhh;e;j nraw;ghL fs; tphptilaj; njhlq;fpAs;sd. Nkw;Fy ehl fj;Jiwrhh;e;j mDgtq;fSk;>  r%fk;> Njrk; gw;wpa khw;wk;;;;> Nkk;ghLfs; fUjpa Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fs; eilngWtJ ,ay;ghd xd;whfptpl;lJ. kdpj tpOkpaq;fSs; fye;J fplf;fpd;w muq;F rhh;e;j jd;ikf@lhf ,r; nraw;wpl;lq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; eilngW fpd;wd. ,it ntWkNd fiyeaj;Jld;> ,u rpg;Gf;Fhpa xd;whf kl;Lk; epd;W tpLtjpy;iy. mit khw;wq;fs;> my;yJ Kd;Ndw;wq;fis Ntz;b epw;gjhfNt mikfpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf> fyhepjp f.rpjk;guehjd; mth;fspd; \r%f khw;wj;jpw;fhd muq;F| vd;w Ma;tpd; mj;jp ghuj;jpypUe;J ,t;tuq;fr; nraypaf;fq;fs; aho;g;ghzj;j py; Kidg;Gg; ngwj; njhlq;fpd vd;W $wyhk;. ,it khdpl tpLjiyf;fhd muq;F> ngz; tpLjiyf;fhd muq;F> r%f tpLjiyf;fhd muq;F> vdg; gy tbtq; fshd Nghf;Ff;fisf; nfhz; nlOe;Js;sd. ,NjNghd;W rpWth;fspw;fhfTk;> mth;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhfTk; khw;wj;jpw;fhfTk; rpWth; muq;F vd;w %yj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l muq;f %yfq;fspd; Jiz nfhz;L muq;f nraw;ghL tbtikf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J> rpWth; r%fj;jpw; fhd muq;f nraw;ghlhf mike;J nfhs; fpwJ. rpWth;fspw;fhd nray;Kiwfisf; nfhz;bUg;gpDk; mit $l xU rKjha Nkk;ghL Nehf;fpa gbKiwahfNt mike;J nfhs;fpd;wd. ,r; rpWth; muq;F Clhd rKjha Nkk;ghl; bw;Fhpa Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij 2002k; Mz;ls tpy; aho;g;ghzk; muq;f nraw;ghl;Lf; FO tpdh; eilKiwg;gLj;jj; njhlq; fpapUe; jdh;. ,J Xh;
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Page 10
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Page 11
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fisAk; mjd; rhjf ghjfq;fisAk; Ghpe;J nfhz;Nld;. ehlfj;Jiwapw; $l;lhfr; nraw;gl;L ntw;wp fhz;gJ Nghy> epHthfj;jpYk; $l;lhfr; nraw; gl;L XusT ntw;wp fhzKbe;jJ. eph;thfpf;Fr; rl;l jpl;lq;fs; Kf;fpak;. fiyQh;fSf;F kdpj cwTfs; Kf;fpak;. rl;l jpl;lq;fisg; gpujhdg;gLj;J tjh? kdpj cwTfisg; gpujhdg;gLj; Jtjh? ,J xU eph;thfpahfTk; fiy QuhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; xUtUf;F Vw;gLk; ,uz;lf epiy. kdpj cwTfis> NkYk; tYg;gLj;jr; rl;l jpl;lq; fisg; ghtpg;gJjhd; rhp vd;gJ vdJ mgpg;gpuhak;. kdpjUf;Fj;jhNd rl;l jpl;lk;. eph;thfj;Jiw> ehlfr; nray; Kiw vd;W ehd; NtWgLj;jpg; ghh;g; gjpy;iy. xd;wpy; xd;W ,ize;Js;sJ. eph;thfg; nghWg;Gf;fs; vdJ mjpf Neuj;ij vLj;J tpLfpd;wd. mJ vdf;F xU Jauk;. kpf tpiutpy; ,jpypUe;J tpLgl;Ltpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. epiwa vOj ,Uf;fpwJ. mij vOJtjw;F vdf;F Neuk; Njit. mj;NjhL MASk; Njit. Nfs;tp:- ehlfKk; muq;fpaYk; fw;if newp ntWk; gl;ljhhpfis kl; Lk; cUthf;FfpwJ. fiyQh;fis cU thf;ftpy;iy vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. ,J gw;wp ePq;fs; vd;d $WtPh;fs;? gjpy;:- xU fiy> ghl newpahFkplj;J mJ gl;ljhhpfisj;jhd; cUthf;Fk;. fiyQh;fis cUthf;fhJ. jkpo;nkhop> ghlnewpahfg; gyfhykhf ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpo; fw;Nwhh; vy;yhk; ftpQh;fshf fjhrphpah;fshf te;Jtpl;lhh;fsh? tzp fk; xU ghlnewpjhd;. tzpfk; fw;Nwhh; vy;yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j th;j;jfh;fshfp tpl;lhh;fsh? ,J tpQ;Qhdj;Jf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. jkpo; ehl;by; fh;ehlf ,ir> gujehl;b ak; vd;gd mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf; fofk;> nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;J ld; ,ize;J fiyf;fhNthp %yk; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; %yk;> vj;jid fh;ehlf gujf; fiyQh;fs; cUthfpAs;shh;fs;? gpur;rid vd;d ntd;why; fy;tp NtW> mjpy; epGzj;J kiltJ my;yJ fiyQuhtJ NtW. fiyQh;fSf;F vd;W rpy mbg;gilj; jpwd;fs; Njit. ,f;fiyiag; ghl newpahfg; gapy te;jth;fs; rpyh;. ehl ff; fiyQh;fshfTk; ghpzhkk; ngw; Ws;sdh;. mjw;Fr; rpwe;j cjhuzk; Njthde;jhfpa ePq;fSk;> nIarq;fUk;. mjpfkhd msT fiyQh;fs; cUth fhikf;F ,f;fiy xU tUkhdk; jUk; fiyahf ,d;Dk; tsh;j;njLf; fg;glhikAk; xU fhuzkhFk;. ,jpy; tUkhdk; fpl;lhjNghJ rpwe;j tUtha; jUk; njhopiyg; gl;lk; ngWk; ehlff;
fiyQd; ehb tpLfpwhd;. ,J mtD r%f eph;g;ge;jk;. vdNt fiy njhlh;e;Jk; ,jpy;  jPa fKk; ,Ug;gJ Nghy ehlfj;ijg; newpahf;fpaikapYk; ,U gf;fq cz;L. Nfs;tp:- ehlf tho;f;ifapy;  ghf;f vdJ FLk;gk; vd; nraw;ghLfS kjpg;Gk;> cjtpAk; MNyhridf tpkh;rdKk; jUk; FLk;gkhf mik tpl;lJjhd;. vdJ FLk;gj;jpy; eh kidtpAk; kfDk;jhd;. ehd; jpUkzk; Ghpe;jJ 1973 vd; kfd; gpwe;jJ 1974 ,y;. , tiu ehq;fs; %tUk; xU tUf;n th; kw;wth;fisAk; mth;fs; rpe;j fisAk; Ghpe;J nfhz;L vLj nfhLj;Jk; tsh;j;J te;Js;Nshk;. Uk; mkh;e;J gy tplaq;fis M khf Nahrpg;gJ> Kuz;gLtJ> ,i tJ Nghd;w Neuq;fs; vdf;F kpf gpbj;jkhd Neuq;fs;. ,g;NghJ> cq;f Fj; njhpAk;. vd; ehlf Ntiyf;f fhd nraw;ghl;by; vd; FLk;gk; vg gpd;dzpapy; epw;Fk; vd;W. vd; kfd; ghlhriy ehl;fspy; ,U gy;fiyf;fofk; tiuAk; xU eb newpahsd;. gpugy fz;ba eldf fshd rpj;jpuNrdh> tI;uhtplk; fz eldk; gapd;W mth;fspd; FO ,Ue;jtd;. Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf Mq;fpy tphpTiuahsh; Rkjp jah ehf kz;lyk; ehlfj;jpy; ebj;jt vd; ehlfj;ij mtd; ghh;j ghuhl;LtJk;> tpkh;rpg;gJk; mtd; fj;ij ehd; ghh;g;gJk; ghuhl;Lt tpkh;rpg;gJk; vy;yhj; je;ijkhUf tha;f;Fk; xd;wy;y. vd; Jiz rpj;jpuNyfh fLika tpkh;rfp mth; tpkh;rdk; rpyNtisf vd; ehlf Mf;f Ntfj;ijf; fl gLj;JtJKz;L. Mdhy; mit fr; nrk;ikf;F epiwa cjTk;. k gb vy;yhf; FLk;gq;fspYKs;sJN (tPl;ilr; rpyNtisfspy; ehd; ft fhJ tpLk;NghJ) rpw;rpy Kuz;ghL gpur;ridfs; vOtJ ,ay;G. tho;f vd;gJ vy;yhk; fye;jJjhNd!

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mspf;if 04 ,ir ehlfk;... 4k; gf;fj; njhlh;r;rp ghh;f;fj; jiyg;gl;ldh;. mJ ,ay;ghfNt jkpo; muq;fhfp tpl;lJ. mjd; xU gf;fg; ghh;itahsh;> Mlk;gukhd fhl;rpaikg;G vd;gd> jkpo; ehl;Lf;Fg; Gjpajhf ,Ug;gpDk;> mJ kf;fspd; fz;fisAk; kdijAk; cWj;jtpy;iy. mjpy; ,Ue;j fh;ehlf ,irAk;> ghpr;rakhd fijfSk; kf;fspd; fz;izAk; fUj;ijAk; kiwj;J tpl;ld. ,jdhy;> ,ir ehlfk; jkpo; ehl;bd; ghuk;ghpa ehlfkhf ,lk; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl;lJ. jkpo; ehl;bw;F vd;d elf;fpwNjh mJjhNd ,yq;ifj; jkpo; ehl;Lf;Fk; vd;w epiyjhNd gyfhykhf ,Ue;J te;jJ. jkpo; ehl;by; cuj;Jj; Jk;kpdhy; ,q;F J}thd kbf;Fk;. njUf;$j;J vg;gb ,q;F ehl;Lf;$j;jhd njd; gJ ,d;dKk; Ma;T nra;ag;glhj gug;ghfNt cs;sJ. ,ir ehlfk; ,q;F te;jthW vy;NyhUk; mwpe;j xd;W. jkpo; ehl;ltiug; NghyNt ehKk; ,ir ehlfj;ij vkJ ghuk;ghpa ehlfkhf cldbahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ltpl;Nlhk;. ,ir ehlfj;ij jpwk;gl Mlty;yhh; xU rpyNu ,Uf;fpd;w dh;. VidNahh;> VNdh jhNdh vd;W Mbtpl;Lr; nry;fpd;w dh;. ,ir ehlfk fh;dhlf ,irNahL njhlh;GilaJ. ,q;F ,ir vd;gJ ghlg;gl Ntz;bajhf cs;sJ. `hh; NkhdpaKk; kj;jsKk; ghlYf;Fj; Jiz epw;Fk;. ,ir vd;why; RUjpAk; jhsKk;jhd; mbg;gil. ,itapuz;Lk; rhp tuhjth;fs; ghl Kd;tuf; $lhJ. ,ir ehlfk; kplw;wp iriaj; jdJ ntspg;ghl;L rhjdkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. vdNt> ,ir ehlfj;jpy; ghj;jpuNkw;W ebf;f tUfpd;w ahtUk; Kjypy; RUjp Rj;jkhfTk; jhsk; gprfhJk; ghlg; gapd;W nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. md;W ,e;jpahtpd; gy rpwe;j ,ir Nkijfs;> ,ir ehlfq;fisf; fhzr; (Nfl;L ,ir eak; gUf) nrd;W te;jdh;. kpfr; rpwe;j ,ir thzh;fs; ,ir ehlfq;fspy; ebj;J te;jdh;. Rj;j fh;ehlf ,ir kf;fs; kj;jpapy; kpfTk; gpugy;ak;ngw;wJ. kf;fs; eaf;fpd;w ,irahf mJ ,Ue;J te;jJ. MfNt> ,ir ehlfj;ij vq;fsJ nrOikkpf;fnjhU ghuk;ghpar; nrhj;jhf vg;gbg; NgZtJ vd;gJjhd; ,d; Ws;s gpur;rpid. Foe;ij ghbdhy; jha; ,urpg;ghs;. mJ vg;gbg; ghbdhYk; mts; ,urpg;ghs;. fhuzk;> mJ mts; Foe;ij. ahh; ghbdhYk; Nfl;Nghk;> ahh; MbdhYk; ghh;g; Nghk;> mth;f s; vg;g bg;g hbdhYk;> MbdhYk; ehk; eag; Nghk; vd;W $wpf; nfhs;tjw;F kf;fs; jhaUk; my;y> ghb MLgth; Foe;ijfSky;yh;. $j;Jf;Fs;;> ,irehlfq;fspy; kpfTk; jukhd epiyia mile;J tpl;l rpy fiyQh;fs; $l> MlTk; ghlTk; tuhJ epd;W jtpf;Fk; rpyNuhL Nkilapy; epd;W jtpg;gij ehk; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,sq;fiyQh;fis ,t; thW Cf;Ftpf;fpwhh;fs; vd;why; cq;fisg; Nghw;wyhk;. nrj;jhYk; RUjpAk; jhsKk; tuhJ vd;w epiyapy; cs;s Kjpath;fNshL Vd; ,g;gb Nkilapy; epd;W cq;fs; mhpjhuj;ij tpah;itapy; fiuf;fpwPh;fs;? ePq;fs; ey;yth;fs; vd;gJ vq;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;. ey;yth;fshfpa cq;fSf;Fk; xU r%fg; nghWg;G ,Uf;fpwjy;yth? ePq;fs; kl;Lk; rpwg;ghfg; ghb Mbtpl;lhy; ,ir ehlfk; epd;W epiyj;J tplhJ. cq;fNshL Nrh;e;J ebg;gth;fSk; rpwg;Gwg; ghb MlNtz;Lky;yth? vdNt> ,d;W ,ir ehlfj;jpy; ifNjh;e;j ebfh;fshf cs;sth;fs; (RUjp Rj;jkhfTk; jhsg;gpbg;NghLk; ghb ebf;fj; njhpe;jth;fs;) jk;ikg; Nghd;w ey;y ebfh;fis cUthf;f Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;. cq;fs; %yk; kPz;Lk; fh;
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mspf;if 04
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Page 16
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$j;juq;fk; 16