Page 1
-
| C R | T | C |
OE A SEVENTEENTH CENT
RELATING TO A CON
".
*下
S.THANANJAYA) B. A. Hons. (Cey.), C. Lecture in University o
THE HINDU STUD UNIVERSITY C
PERADE
196
 
 
 
 
 

L S T U DY
JRY TAMIL DOCUMENT
MERCIAL TREATY
RAJASINGHAM L. M. Litt. (A n. m.) Tal Iiiiil f Ceylon
ENTS UNION F CEYLON NIYA

Page 2


Page 3


Page 4


Page 5
A SEWENTEENTH CENTU

FRY TAMIL DOCUMENT

Page 6


Page 7
A C R T CA OF
A SEVENTEENTH CENTU
RELATING TO A COM
S.THANANJAYAR B. A. Homs. (Cey.), C. I
Lecturer in University of
THE HINDU STUD UNIVERSITY Ol PERADEN
1968
 

STU DY
RY TAML DOCUMENT
MERCIAL TREATY
AJASINGHAM ..., M. Litt. (Anm.) Tamil
Ceylon
ENTSo UNION F CEYLON
YA

Page 8
First Edition, 1968.

All rights reserved
Royal Printers, 190, Colombo Street, Kandy.

Page 9
ീ ർeഴ

。秀下
ീലർ رییس کمر

Page 10


Page 11
C O N
Foreword
Preface
Scheme of Transliteration Abbreviations Map of India and Ceylon illustrating sc and other places mentioned in the docu PART I
Historical Introduction Description of the Tamil document The unemended Tamil text of the doc Transliteration into English of the un English Translation
Writing
PART II A
PHONOLOGY Distribution of Sounds in the initial, m Sound Change Tamilisation of Foreign Words
PART II B
MORPHOLOGY
1 NOUNS
Cases
Gender
Pronouns
Numerals
Verbal Nouns
2 VERBS Past tense Conjunctive Participle Past tense Relative Participle Present tense Relative Participle The Participial Noun
Infinitive The Aorist form as Relative Participle The Conditional
The Finite Verbs
Viyañkôʻl
The Auxiliary Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
PART III Description of the original Dutch doc The unemended text of the original D Certain Discrepancies in the Tamil an PART IV
Dictionary Facsimile of the Tamil document

" E N T S
Page
II III
VI me of the important seaports ment IX
ument emended Tamil text of the document
20 edial and final positions 20 25 29
32 32 32 43 47 51 54 56 56 57 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 63 63
u ment 64 utch document 65 Dutch texts 69
70 97

Page 12


Page 13
F O R
Mr. S. Thananjayarajasinghal
of Ceylon, has made a study of documents of the 18th and 19th
data his studies had yielded be ha of a document belonging to the 1 treaty between the Dutch Governo of Rameshvaram.
Although the present docun phraseology rather legalistic, it does
in tracing the development of Tar been adopted to Tamil, and how
Tamil will be noticed by discerni pains in making a detailed analy of the language of the Tamil doc
Mr. Thananjayarajasingham before the public the English tran its original in Dutch. His analysi study of this document as well as
University of Ceylon, Peradeniya, CEYLON. 13th October, 1967.

E VWV O R D
m, Lecturer in Tamil at the University
several Tamil plakkaats, biljets and other centuries. Encouraged by the valuable
s entered upon a study, chiefly linguistic, 7th century and relating to a commercial r of Ceylon and Cetupati Katta Tevar
r
ment, which is a treaty, is couched in s not cease to be of interest to scholars nil prose. How foreign vocables have
foreign idioms have been expressed in ng readers. The author has spared no 'sis of the phonology and morphology ument.
has rendered a valuable service in placing slation of this document together with s of the language should facilitate the
of other contemporary records.
D. E. HETTIARATCHI, M.A., Ph.D.
Professor and Head of the Department of Sinhalese & the Dean of the Faculty of Oriental Studies.

Page 14


Page 15
RE
The history of the Tamil langua documents from century to century has no in colloquial Tamil speech are more cle than by literary compositions. This p studying the Tamil documents available suggestion made by Mír. J. H. O. PaulusZ, Archives, Nuwara Eliya, I worked on a of the eighteenth century for the M. during the years 1959-1961. Subsequen! documents of the nineteenth century re the last king of Kandy.
The present study, while it cor translation, a discussion of certain disc its original in Dutch, etc., is mainly lin tive linguistics have been applied to th seventeenth century relating to a comm of Ceylon and Cetupati Katta Tévar of characteristic features of the Tamil lang it cannot be assumed that it provides a or the literary Tamil of that period. Foi document, full of the jargon which cha is a translation from Dutch so that it Tamil language. Therefore, the evider further research with the information W popular dramas about the colloquial lan language of important Tamil works p
The study of the syntax and the necessitates among other things, compar translations in Tamil. This involves p1 nature which require investigation on Monograph.
Professor D. E. Hettiaratchi, th University of Ceylon, Peradeniya, has a
research on Tamil documents. As such should grace this publication.

FA C E
ge as revealed in the inscriptions and other t been fully studied. The changes occurring arly shown by 1nscriptions and documents oint provides the focus of my interest in
in Ceylon from century to century. On a former Government Archivist, Government
linguistic analysis of the Tamil plakkaats Litt. degree of the Annamalai University ly I undertook a critical edition of Tamil lating to the deportation of the relatives of
tains a historical introduction, an English repancies between the Tamil translation and guistic. The principles of modern descriphe language of a Tamil document of the ercial treaty between the Dutch Government Rameshvaram. This study reveals certain guage of the seventeenth century. However, complete picture of either the colloquial one thing, it is only a legal and commercial racterizes such documents. For another, it often introduces the foreign idiom into the ce available here should be collated by 'hich may be available in the folksongs and guage of that age and also with the literary roduced during that century.
semantics of the language of the document ison of Dutch words and phrases with their oblems of an etymological and sociological scale beyond the compass of this short
» doyen of dons of the Oriental Faculty of the lways given me encouragement to conduct it is but fitting that a foreword from him

Page 16
I am indebted to Mr. G. P. S. ment of National Archives, Nugegoda, f Dutch documents for perusal and for prc Sa.
I am very grateful to Mr. H. G. Encylopaedia of Buddhism, University Pa Senior Lecturer in Indian Studies, Univer of my English translation by comparing spotlighting certain discrepancies in the te
I am obliged to Mr. S. Selvanay, of Ceylon, Peradeniya, for providing me wi some of the important seaports and othe
My thanks are due to Mr. J. C Royal Printers, Kandy, for his willingnes account of various linguistic symbols and of composition to the printer.
Both the Dutch and Tamil docume) respectively are being published with the Department of National Archives, Nugegc
University of Ceylon, Peradeniya. 1st of January, 1958.

iv
H. de Silva, Assistant Archivist, Departor making available to me the Tamil and viding me with photo stat copies of the
A. Van Zeyst, Administrative Officer, The rk, Peradeniya, and to Dr. S. Arasaratnam, sity of Malaya, for checking the accuracy it with the original in Dutch and also for XtS.
agam, Lecturer, in Geography, University th a map of India and Ceylon illustrating r places mentioned in the document
j. Rodrigues, Proprietor and Manager of s to undertake a printing job, which on charts involved, presents many difficulties
nts bearing register numbers, 3368 and 3369 : authority of Mr. A. Devaraja, Director, da, Ceylon.
S, Thananjayarajasingham

Page 17
SCHEME OF TRANSLITERA
as found in the M
Vowels
by r a m
} པ་དང་། གྲང a இ = i i خنته سی RF
c
96 – i
6 - e.
6T = e ਨੇ - ai
бp = о ஓ - 0

AT ON OF TAM ETTERS
adras Tamil Lewicon
Consonants
k تشییع در
e نسبت تھی
(d5 = i l = t ’
ண் = டி த் = t is = n ty = p.
sh see m
aŭ == y
f = r
6 =
W --م= j.65
ழ் = 1 ள் - 1 i = 1
6 .
= K
Consonants
= S
S ستست

Page 18
A 3 B R E V I A
[a] Grammat
abl. ablative
2CC accusative
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
AX auxiliary
card. cardinal
caus. causative
comp. compound
conj. conjunctive
dat. da tive
dec. declensional
dem. demonstrative
der. derivative
dist. distributive
emp. emphatic
fin. finite
fra. fraction
"t. future tense
gen. genitive
O honorific
imp. implied
inf. infinitive
inst. instrumental
int. interrogative
loc. locative
[b] Misce
LWD loan
WJaW
LWM 9 LWMal s LWP
LWPkt LWS WU
skt.
sanskrit. tam. Tl

A TI ONS
tica Terms
laneous
aS masculine
Ol
meg. negative non-past tense num. numeral
ord. ordinal part. participial parti, particle pas. past tense perh. perhaps from pl. plural pple. participle pres, present tense
pro. pronoun prob. probably from
prop. proper prox. proximate rel. relative
ren remote
Sg• singular suff. suffix sup. superior class V. verb
v. n. Verbal noun
lst. pers, first person
2nd. pers. second person 3rd. pers, third person
word from Dutch
རྒྱ་ 99
s
s
92
9
9 ο
瞬警 39
amil.
Javanese
Malayalam Malay Portuguese Prakrit Sanskrit Urdu vol. Volume

Page 19
CADCG:
DIA:
DED
DEED:
EPO
GLA:
HJ:
MHB:
MJCP:
MTVR:
c Dictionaries, Memoi
Jurriaanse, M. W. Catalogue of the Archives of th
хб4o-79б.
Ceylon Government Press, Emeneau, M. B. & Burrow,
Dravidian Borrowings From Ind University of California Pre
Berkley and Los Angels, 19 Burrow, T. Emeneau, M. B A Dravidian Etymological Dicti Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1
Fernand G. Renier,
Dutch-English and English-Dut Routledge and Kegan Paul,
Encylopaedia of Phrases and O. Edited by Edwin Radford
John Crowther & Goodmar London, 1945.
Sebastiâo Rodolfa Dalgado Glossário Luso-Asiático, V Coimbra,
Imprensa da Universidade,
Henry Yule and Arthur Co
Hobson Jobson: A Glossary of Kindred Terms,
New Edition, Edited by W John Murray, Albermarle S
Memoir of Hendrick Becker for
Issac Augustyn Rumpf, 1716. Translated by Sophia Anth
H. C. Cottle, Government
Memoir left by Jacob Christia Diederik Van Douaburg, 1734. Translated by Sophia Piete
G. J. A. Skeen, Governme
Memoir of Thomas Van Rhee Translated by Sophia Anth H. C. Cottle, Government
Sathyanatha Aiyar, R. History of theo Nayaks of Madu Oxford University Press, M

rs, Books and Journals
e Dutch Central Government of Coastal Ceylon
Colombo, 1963.
T.
lo-Aryan,
ionary,
961.
ch Dictionary,
Ltd., London, 1949.
igins (First Edition)
Margate Ltd.
olume I.
1919.
ke Burnell. Anglo Indian Colloquial Words & Phrases and of
illiam Crook. treet, London, 1903.
his successor,
onisz.
Printer, Colombo, 1914.
an Piel at to his successor,
S.
nt Printer, Colmbo, 1905.
For his successor, Gerrit de Heere, 1697, ionisz.
Printer, Colombo, 1915.
lT
fadras, 1924.

Page 20
ST:
STH
STHA
SHAN:
TIL:
TPM:
Thananjayarajasingham, S.
A Phonological and Morphologi Tamil Culture, Vol. XI. IN
St. Joseph's Insdustrial Sch
The Language of the Tamil Doc Thesis submitted to the Ant M.Litt degree, (unpublished
of the thesis containing th
A Critical Edition of Tamil D.
Rajasimha's Relatives, Journal of the Ceylon Bra
Vol. X (New Series) The Colombo Apothecarie
The language of a Tamil Plakk University of Ceylon Revi
Ceylon University Press, C
Tamil Lexicon, Volume, I, II,
University of Madras, Mad
Meen akshisundaran, T. P.
The Portuguese Influence Reve Prof. T. P. Meenakshisun
Volume,
Annamalai University, An

viii
cal Study of a Tamil Plakkaat, O. No 2.
hool Press, Trichirappalli-, 1964.
:umeats of the Eighteenth Century: hamalai University in December, 1961, for the i) The abbreviation refers to the second volume
e dictionary and text.
ocuments Relating to the Deportalion of Sri Vikrama
nch of the Royal Asiatic Society,
s' Co., Ltd., Colombo, 1967.
aat of the Eighteenth Century, iew, Vol. XXIII, Nos. 1 & 2.
olombo, 1965.
l II, IV, V, VI and an Appendix, liras, 1936. -
and Shunmugampillai, M. aled by Tamil Words, e daran, Sixty-First Birthday Commemoration
namalainagar, 1961.

Page 21


Page 22
|duo»Molly! 9 upůdiioddự31 g ļņuol oy ujoù oặịpdovuņuływ £ uJoùpįįodox{QN Z an&Jow .
 

* LNSHWOOOGI PIHL. NI CIGNOILNSHW SHOW"Ids (IHH) LO CIN V SLNOdVAS JLNV LYHOēIWI {{HJL HO CHWIOS ONIJLVYHLSOTTI NOTX£IO CIN V VICINI HO ďVW V
Sめ
əļļu, r ----+---+
0010003
todoxwosły 91 Iouuoqɔ uođujgae --~~ ļojnļow G! ndunīoys și ¡¡¡¡djdy, cụ upūūow zı uudɔnɔầuug}} | | nįQddoửDw Oų uudubìịoddioÁņy! 5 !ịnxx{n}}ņ1 & uJDX|XiquļļQA t.

Page 23
PA
HISTORICAL
The Dutch East India Col trading activities in the east was aware oft small ports of the eastern territories for the The profits which accrued from the Asi merchandise for Europe. Some of the me! was exchanged with other kinds of commoc utilised for the establishment and running maintenance of a military force in Cey a lucrative market in India. The Ind traders distributed along the coast of the need of participating in this trade fr ambition to gain a foot hold on the South southernmost tip of India was visible the ba area for the conduct of this trade. A vess through this bay in three or four days through the bay. Cloth and other mercha through it. The control of the bay on distinct advantage of regulating the transp from Malabar and of the cloth that was bei Dutch desired to gain control over the bay of it. To procure such rights, it was foun of political control over the southern poi object brought them into close contact wit One of them was Cētupati Kāt ta Tēvar o
In the year 1684, the terri Mannar on the Ceylon coast was admini This ruler was a vassal of Rahga Krishna ruled Madura at that time.* But his allegi was the independent ruler of Rameshvaram ruled them for thirty-six years from 1674 Cētu pati. “Cetupati” was a reduced for which the Marava princes were entitled to guardianship of Adam’s Bridge or Cētu er
I. Sinnappah Ara saratı Ditch Power in Ce Djambatan, Amster 2. R. Sathyanatha Aiy History of the Nay, Humphery Milford, Oxford University 3. ibid. pp. 198-199. 4. ibid. p. 225.

RT 1
INTRODUCTION
mpany from the very commencement of its he importance of carrying on trade in the purpose of enriching its major annual trade. an trade were utilised for the purchase of rchandise which was purchased by these means lity by the Company. The profits were also
of the administrative system and for the lon. Arecanuts, chanks and pearls had o-Ceylon trade was in the hands of petty South India and Ceylon. The Dutch felt om very early times. It was their cherished Indian Coast Line. Between Ceylon and the y to the east of Madura which was a central el could reach the Indian Coast from Ceylon Most of the trade in arecanuts was done dise from South India were also brought
the Coast also conferred on the holder the ortation of a recanuts and pepper that came ng taken to this place in the West Coast. The in order to keep other European powers out , di necessary for the Dutch to exert some form nt of the Indian mainland. This avowed h native rulers of this part of South India. if Rāmēshvaram.
tory to the east of Madura facing the gulf of stered by Cētupati Kātta Raghunātha Tēvar. Muttu Virappa Nāyaka III (1682-1689) who ance to this ruler was a nominal one. He , Pāndya Mandala and other territories, and to 1710. He was also known as Kilavan m of the heriditary title “Cētu pati Kāta’’ prefix to their names on account of their n bankment.
dam,
ylon, dam, 958 pp. I 45-I53.
al
aks of Madura,
ress, Madras. Ig2 ... p. I98.

Page 24
DESCRIPTION OF TH
A certified copy of the ol commercial treaty between the Dutch governn Rameshvaram is preserved in the Department The document bears the register number 3369 original, which is also preserved in the Ceylor The document is dated 10 Avani, 1684. The breadth is 8 inches. It is written in black in margin of 2 inches on the left side. 1 inches writing is continued to the very end of the rig and bottom margins and in the interior of the 16 th clauses of the treaty. However, the ha other insects. The document runs into Seven on page one, two, three, four, five, six and se The document is found bound with several ot
The unemended Tamil tex English and my English translation follow on
THE UNEMENDED TAMIL ''
திசுTஅயசளுல் ஆவணி மீ” ய வ சிநது தெசததுககு ஆலொசனைப பெரு கடதுறை சாளககரை முதலான மதத தொருந திரெயததொருமாகிய உததம பீலவா கள மிகுதியும உத தம செஞஞெ மகராசா அவாகள முதல ஈநதிய வெளி ககு ஆலொசனைப பொகளாகிய சீமாா வான உததம கொமபஞஞரீயா ஸ்தான, ராமெசுரம பாண டி மணடலம முதல
10. கழுககு ம சொயகததஞன சிறிமது செ 11. மறுபககமாகவும தங்களிலெ பெசி உட 12. ணடது
13. முதலாவது,
14. சநதிராதிததா பிறகாசிகAறவரை நிததி 15. கொமபஞரீயருககும ராசசிறி தெவரவா 16. யிலலாமல ஒரு நிலைககொணட சமாத 17. நமயிககையும உணடாயிருககவும
8. ரணடாவது 19. இருபிறததிற குடியானவாகழுககும அவ 20. களிலெ துறைமுகங்களிலெ மடடுமாததி 21, உணடாயிருககவும ராசசிறி தெவா வ 22. ஆறுகடநதுபொகவும உறறம கொமபஞ் 23. குடியானவாகள ராமீகரமுதல பாமபஞ 24. பொகவும கூடும இதுககுத தெசததிெ 25. படியெ அவரவா கொடுககததகக சுவர 26. விடவும அவரவா கடடளையிடுகிற சக

E TAM DOCUMENT
riginal of a Tamil document relating to a nent of Ceylon and Cētu pati Kātta Tēvar of of National Archives, Nugegoda, Ceylon. and is a translation in Tamil of the Dutch Archives under the register number 3368. length of the document is 13 inches and its k on white thick hand made paper which has a at the bottom and 1 inch at the top. The ht side. It is slightly damaged along the top written portion affecting the 6th, 11 th and ndwriting is not damaged by silverfish or pages. Th number of written lines contained ven are 39,39,40,40,39, 39 and 39 respectively. her documents in Tamil and Dutch.
it of the document, its transliteration into the order in which they have just been listed.
TEXT OF THE DOCUMENT
- ஈநதிய வெனனபபடட D இலங்கைத தீவு மதுரைக தலங்கழுககுக கொவெறின செஞஞொா லொரெஞசுப ாா கொவெறினதொா யெனரால எனபபடட சிநது தெசதது அவாகளிடமாகப பொது ததிலெ ஒரு பககமாகவும அதறகடுதத மததச சீாமை துபதி காதத தெவா அவா கள மயிடிககை பணணிகொ
யமாக உததம
கழுககும மததியிலெ முறிவு ானமும நெசமும நலல
ரவா சீாமை
ரையான கடலொடடு
கை மனுஷா மனணுா ருஞரீயா வகைக ) 65L-j5S ல உளள முறமையின
தை கொடுதது
விதக கடடளைப

Page 25
27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 5. 52. 53. 5:. 55.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61
62. 63
64. 65. 66., 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.
பிறகாரததுககுஞ சீமைகளிலெ தட துககுஞ சகல கசசவடகாறரும நட வெனடியதாயிருககுமெனகிற பொரு கொமபஞ்யா வகைப பாகசூக கற ஞறு கடநதுபொறதுககு அவடததிே ஆயநதீாவைகசூ முடபதினுயிரம பா பொதிககு மூனறு பணங் கொடுகக அநதக கடதுறைககபபாலத தூரததி பாமபஞறு வளியாகக கொணடுபெ அபபடிககொதத ஒவவொரு பொதி ஒனறரைப பணங் கொடுககவும மதி கெலலாம ஆயநதீாவை முறமையின விடவும அதில மூனறததிருபங்கு நி மூனறததொருபங்கு அதீகங் கொடு அவடததிலிருநது அதிராமபடடணத் பாககுககு ஆயநதீாவை முபபதினுயி வொரு பொதிககு மூனறுபணம இ கிற அபபடிபபடட பொதி ஒனறுக சகல வகைச சரககுகழுககு மூனற பொக அநத மூனறததொருபங்கு 6 திலெ ஆயநதீாவை கொடுககவும ர படிநத மறதத தலங்களிலெ எலல முதல மதத யாபாரங்களுககெலலா ஆயநதீாவை செவவாரங் கொடுகக மூன சரககு யாபாரக கடையாரமிலலாத உருககள பாமபணுததிலெ யாதொ நிநதமாக ஆறுகடததவும
I5 ft 6) சினெ கம நிலைநிறகபபணணிவிசசுகெ சித திக கிற சகல பினனபெதகங்கள லலாம சினெகமாமபடியெ சீரிடடு வருஷா நதம ஒருமுறை குறைபடுத களை அனுபபவெணடியதாயிருககும பபணணுகிறதுககு அதீகமாய ஸ்தா டியதெனறு யிருபிறததாலெ யாத்ெ சிததிசசால அது அபபடி நடததுவி அஞ ராசசிறி பெரிய தெவரவாகள கா களிலெ உருககள நிநதமாயிருநத பமுணடாயிருநதால அடபடியெ நி, c3. GFDL உததம கொமபஞஞரீயா யாதொரு மறறப பினனபெதகமிலலாமல சம துறைமுகங்கழுககெலலாம ராசசிறி வகைக குடியானவாகளுககும உருச ஆகிலும மாறுபாடாஞல கொடுக

ககிற வளபபததின பிறகாரத ததுவிசசுககொளள நததிககை யிதுவுங் பிடடியிலெயிருநது பாமப லெ இலங்கை ககாகிற ஒவவொரு விம துTததுககுடிமுதல திலெயிருநது
ாற கசசவடகாறா ககு ஆயநதீாவை ததப பலபல சரககு வகைகளுக ாபடியெ கொடுதது நதமவிடடதுபொக ககபபொகாது இதுவும நதுககுக கொணடுவருகிற ஈழப ரம பாகசூப பிடிசச ஒவ நதக கடதுறையிலிருநது வரு கு ஒனறரைபபணம மறத ததிருபங்கு நிநதமவிடுகிறது வழபபததினபடியெ அவடத ாசசிறி தெவரவாகழுககுக கீட TLD Gossmru Adu (GijuunT GJ60) su Lurrass5
ம ஒரெ ஒரு தலததிலெ மாததிரம
வும
ருவது
5 LuaML é959516) (P56) ரு தீாவை கொடாமல
ாவது கொளஞகிறதுககுளு
முதலான அபமானங்களையெ ககொாைளுகிறதுககு தாமல யிருபுறதது ஸதானபதி யாதொரு காரியங்களை அறிய னபதிகளை அனுபபவெண நாருதா காணகிறதாக வநது
சசுககொளஸ்: லாம
ச1ாவது லங்களிலெ முததுசசலாபங் பிறகாரம முனனுககுஞ சலா நதமாயிருககும
rவது
சணடை பிணககு அலலது ாதானமாயிருககிற தலததுத
தெவரவாகழுககும அவா கள 5கடதாசி கொடுககவும கிறதலல

Page 26
74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84 85 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99 100. 101. 102. 03. 1 (4. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 1 10. 11. 2. 13. 14. 115. i6. 17. 118. 119. 10.
எழாவது யாதொரு கொபைாதகா சதிமானகாந ராகிய உத தம கொமபஞய வகைக கு தெவரவாகள சீாமைகளிலெ ஒழிததுபt தெவரவாகள வகை குடியானவாகளா? கொமபஞரீய சீாமைகளிலெ வநதாலும ணடாககுமபடிககு அனணியஒனணியமா தெடவும அவரவரை அநதநத இசமா வெணடியது
6- fg யாதொரு பெருங்காதது முதலான புச சமுத திரததிலெ உளள மதத அவலத! கபபல அலலது உருககள பெரியது சி அவா கள வகைக குடியானவா கள எவு சாதியாராகிய வெழுதத மனிதா தன பொமுதல மததக குடியானவாகழுடை தெவரவாகள சீாமையிலெ செநது அ6 அடைநது அலலது கபபல முறிவாக ெ மிசசமாயிருநத சரககுககளிலெ அலலது சிறி தெவரவாகள ஒனறுங் கையாடி ( பொகாது ஆகிலும அவா கள வகை ப யிடபபடடிருககிற மததப பொகளைக ஆவசியமாயத தங்கழுககுதவி காணபி கும அது காரியத துககுப பாடுபடடு ( மல வெருெனறுங் கொடுகிறதலல அந பஞ்யா வகைச சீாமைகளிலெ ராசசிறி ᎧᏂᏗ ᎧᏈᎠ Ꮠi ᏭᏱ குடியானவாகள 6 3) 9 f fl 5 li fi கடறகரையிலெ வநது செநதாலும மு மாகத தானெ நடததுவிசசுககொளளெ ஒனபத உத தம கொமபஞ்யா அதிராமபடட6 டடுககாகச சுடட செங்க லகொணடு 6 டு வெலி அடைததுககொளளலாம அ வகைச சரககுச செதபபடாமலுB ெ ராசசிறி தெவரவாகள தங்கள வகை நலல பராபரிபபுடனெ பாததுககொள் யிடககடவது அவடததிலெ உத தம ே ஞரீயா தங்கள யாபாரமபணணுகிறது ககொணடு விசாரிபபுவைததுககொள6 உத தம கொமபஞரீயா வகைக குடியா சிறி தெவரவாகள வகைக குடியான யாதொருதறகவாதமுணடாஞல அவர் கிறதுககும பொலலாபபைவிடடுத த அததை அறிககைபணணவெணடியது தங்கள வகை மனிதரிலெ யாதொரு னவும ஒரு வீடு கடடுவிசசுககொளள அநதபபடி நடததுவிசசுககொளளலா

ா அலலது மறறத துடசன 'டியானவாகள ராசசிறி பொனலும அலலது ராசசிறி
ய துறபொதகா உத தம அவா கழுககுமிடசை உ கவும விசுவாசமாகவும
னுககு ஒபபுககொடுககவும
Jது லினுலெ அலலது நிஞலெ கொமபஞ்யா வகைக நியதாஞலும அலலது ரொபபத தெசததிலச னிடமாயக குடியிருககிற
யதும ராசசிறி ஸ்லது கடறகரையிலெ பநது சிததிசசால
உருககளிலெ ராச எடுததுககொளளப >ணியகாறா முதல கடடளை கெள சுகுமபொது ககவெணடியதாயிருக வெலை செயத பெருககுக கூலி அலலா தப பிறகாரமாகததானெ உததமகொம
தெவரவாகள அலலது அவா கள தொரு கபபல முதலான உருககள ன சொலலபபடடிருககிற பிறகார hJ603Tug u Jáž 7வது னததிலெ மெஷக கூரை ஒட tடுகடடி அததை முளஞககொண திலெ உததம கொமபஞ்யா ாளளை பொகாமலும மனு தரைக காவலாக வைதது ளச சொலலிக கடடளை
கு வெளளை மனு தரை சசெயயலாம இதுவும னவாகழுககும ராச ாகழுககும மததியிலெ வா நலல ஞாயமபெறு நதிருககிறதுககும உடனெ ராசசிறி தெவரவாகளுந ரை மனணுரிலெ வைசசு யாபாரமபண ம மனசாயிருநதால அதுவும
ー塾@@ILD "pg5

Page 27
121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128.
129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 37. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143.
144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 55. 156. 57. 158. 159. 160. 161. l62. 163, 164. 165. 166. 67.
மனுஷா ராசசிறி தெவரவாகள தனது கரை வைககபபடாது ராசசிறிதெவரவ வகை மனுஷா கொமபஞரீயா சீமையிே சிலவாகக கடடிககொளளவும கொமப வகை மனுஷா ராசசிறி தெவரவாகள தனது சிலவாகக கடடிககொளளவும { விசாரிபபு ஒரு குததமிலலாமல அலல6
பததாவது உததம கொமபஞரீயா மாததிரமலலாம் திலச சாதியாா யாதொருவா பறங்கி லும ஒரு விதததிலெயும ராசசிறி தெ கொடுக கபபடாது இது நிமிததியமாக ச சாதியாா யாதொருதா பறங்கிககா லும ராசசிறி தெவரவாகளுடனெ சண ணுமெனறு வநதால அபபொது ராசசி டாாகளெஆணுல அவாகழுககு உத தம கள பெலததைககொணடு முயறசிகதத சமையங்களிலெ உதவிசசெயய வெண! அநதப பிறகாரமாகததானெ உத தம யாதொரு சாதியாா எவராகிலுஞ சன து கெடடுககொணடால ராசசிறி தெ6 முழுபபெலததுடனெ உதவிசசெயயக ச
பதிஞெராவது உததம கொமபஞஞ்யா யாதொரு சன சிறி தெவரவாகள வகை மனுஷா வெ தெவையாயிருநதால அபபொது உதத கொடுககவும ராசசிறி தெவரவாகழும திலெ யாதொரு உதவி வெணுமெனரு அவாகழுஞ சிலவு கொடுககவெணடியது பனிரணடாவது ராசசிறி தெவரவாகள வகைக குடியா நொக கததுககபபால வடபிறமாகச சக அவடததிலெ குழிகதிற சங்கெலலாம தனது கபபலிலெ எததி வங்காழததுக டததிலெ விததுககொளளலாம அதுகா உருககடதாசியும கொடுபபொம ராசசி வாலிநொக கததுககு முனபாக ராமீசுர களிலெ விழுகிற சாயவொ கலலிவிசசுச உத தாரம பெததிருபபாராகவும ஆயினு பிறகாரததுககு அலலது முனஞகபபட படிககு உத தம கொமபஞயருககுத து யிலெ ஒபபிவிககவெணடியது அநதப ! ழியாதிருநதால அததாலெ வருகிற ெ டுககவெணடியது அது தவிர வாலிநொ லுககுத தெனபிறம மணபபாடுவரை ( சங்காணுலும வடபிற மாகA கொணடுே வழபபததினபடியெ சகலமும உத தம

மனுதரலலாமல சொன ாகள வீடு அவா.கள லெ ராசசிறி தெவரவாகள ஞரீயா வகை வீடும அவாகள
சீமையிலெ உறதம கொமபஞ இபபடிபபடட வாககிபபொடலாம
ல எவுரொபபைத தெசத ககாறரானலும மததவாகளாஞ வரவாகள சீாமையிலெ யிடங்
எவு ரொபடைத தெசததில றரானலும மததவாகளான எடை கொடுககவெ றி தெவரவாகள கெட
கொமபஞ்யா தங்
தககது இபபடிககொதத டியதாயிருககும கொமபஞயருடனெ னடை கொடுககுமபொ வரவாகள தங்கழுடைய 5டவதாயிருககும
னடையிலெ ராச பணடியதெனறு ம கொமபஞரீய சிலவு
உததம கொமபஞயரிடத ல ராசசிறி தெவா
னவாகள வாலி கு குழிககலாம ராசசிறி தெவரவாகள குக கொணடுபொய அவ ரியததுககு ஒரு றி தெவரவாகழும மடடுமிருககிற தீவு கொளளுகிற துககு லுந திருககையாம விலைப் -ணததிலெ கொடுதத தது ககுடி பிறகாரங் கையா களவுசிலவு ஒததுககொ
கதது முநத 5ழிகAற சங்கெலலாம ஒரு பொகாமல முனனுளள கொமபஞரீயருககு

Page 28
f68. 169. 170. 171. 172, 173. 17. 175. 76. 177. 178. 179.
180. 18. 182. 183. 84. 185, 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193, 194. 195.
196. 197. 198
199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205.
206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 2il. 212. 23. 24.
கையாழிககவெணடியது யாதொரு சங்குகளிலெ திருடின சங்குகளைககெ பொகுமிடததில கொமபஞரீயா வை படட உருககளைக கணடுபிடிசசால கடையாரததுடனெ கொளளைபறியா ளபபடும இதுககு விரொதமாய ரா கள சொலலவும திருமபக கெளகக களும அபபடிபபடட உருககள திரு களை ககொணடு தங்கள துறைமுதல! அநத உருவையும முன சொலலபப கடையாரததுடனெ கையாழிககக ச பதிமூனரு வ உத தம கொமபஞரீயத துனபமிலலா ணுகிறதுககும பினனபெதம வநது கள தறசெயலாக நனமையாகத .ெ வு காறரையும கசசவடகாறரையும 4 ளலாம யாதொரு மணியகாறா அ; னிதங்கள நடததிவிககபபடாது செf ருககிற பொகழும அரமனையாருககு தபபுததவறுகளிலெ விழுகிறதாக வ அரமனையாா அவா களைத துடரு மு ரிலெ உளள நிலுவையைக கொடுக யிடவெணும மததபபடி அரமனையா யை மெறபொடடு உததரிககவெணு தானெ அரமனையாா உததம கொய றா சகலரையும அவாகழுககு கைய கடனை உததரிககவுங் கடனுயிருககுட
பதிஞலா உததம கொமபஞ்யவில முததுசசிப களிலெ களளசசிபபி குழிகதிற சகல கொமபஞ்யப பறை முறைசாததாட சிபபி குழிகதிற யாதொரு பாரின தினங்கள அவாகளிடததிலெ கணட சிறி தெவரவாகழுடைய மனுஷா ககுக கையாழிககவெணும அவா கள லும ஆாவகையில மனுஷராஞலும விடடுவிடபபொகாது
பதினஞச மலையாழததாலெ வருகிற களிபபாச தலான கரககுககளெனகிலும களள தா லெ சொதினைககு கடனுன நெமி பொயப பாமபணிலெ முடுகினுல அ தங்கழுககு நடககிற தலங்களிலெ ( லலாமலிநதப பிறகாரமாக மலையா அரிபிழகு வெறெயும சரககுககள திராமல முடுகினல அபபடிபபடட கொமபஞரீயவிற பெலததினுலெ ரா

உருககள அநதச ாணடு வட பிறம $ச சுலிபபு அபபடிப மறறுளள சகல rய எடுததுககொள சசிறி தெவரவாகள ஒனறு வுமபடாது ராசசிறி தெவரவா டின சங்கு ான தலங்களிலெ வநதால டடிருககிறபடி முழுக
டவதாயிருககும
து மலத தங்கள யாபாரமபண சிததியாதபடிககும அவா தாததியிருநதபடி நெச கூடடிவிசசுககொள வாகழுககு யாதொரு அன fG) all it leg
விரொதமாக யாதொரு நது சிததிசசால அபபொது னனிதாக அவா கள பெ கச சொலலிக கடடளை ா அநத நிலுவை ம அநதப பிறகாரமாகத பஞ்யா வகைக கடங்கா ாழிககவும அலலது அநதக
வது பி குழிகதிற பாருக
மான பொகளையும அலலது உத தம 0ல அலலது நியமிதத காலததை தபபி முததுச நிலங்களிலெ சிபபி குழிகசிற யாதொரு எத ால அகபபடட சகலமும ராச பிடிதது உத தம கொமபஞ்யவு
எபபடிபடட பொகளாஞ பரவா சொனகா தமிளராணுலும
7வது கு மறத அரிபிழகு வெறெ விலகு பபடவுகழுடனெ கடலபிறத தத தலங்களைவிடடொளிததுப வாகளை ஆறுகடததவுமபடாது pடுகவிடவுமபடாது அதுவ ாததாலெ வருகிற களிபபாககு ங் சுளுருககடதாசியிலெ குறித உருககளை உததம Fசிறி தெவரவாகள பிடிதத

Page 29
215. 216. 217. 28. 29. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228.
229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 25.
252.
2.53.
254
255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 26i.
தெஉணடானல சரககிலெபொலெ உரு செமபாதி ராசசிறி தெவரவாகளுககு தெவரவாகழுககுச செநத சகல துறை கொமபஞய அவடததிலெ சிலவழிககள் அததனை பாகசூங் கொணடுவரபபணன தூத துககுடியிலெ சுணனுமபு சுடுகிறது தாயிருநத அததனை விறகும வெடடிவி வெலைசெயதிறவாகழுககுக கூலி அவா! மாறுபாடாக ராசசிறி தெவரவாகழும கிறதுககு வெணடியதாயிருநத அததனை ளாலெ தங்கள சில விடடு வெடடுவிசக் உத தாரமுணடு ஆகிலுமிநத ஒபபாசா உததம கொமபஞய யானைபபநதி செ பதிஞருவ தூததுககுடியிலெயும காயலபபடடன. களிலெயும இபபொது ராசசிறி தெவர் கீழெ பிறிவிடடு நடநதுவருகிறதினவெ வநது சமபுவிததால முனணுலெ நாயக துபொலெ தொணிகளின மனனிமைம வாகழுககுங் கிடைககும அது செயயக னிலெதா னெ காணுது உததம கொம திருககிற சொலலபபடட தூததுககுடி மறறுளள துறைமுகங்கழும அரமனைய நடநதாபபொலெ அநத பிறகாரமா, யிருககும அலலாமலும ராசசிறி தெவ திலெ உததம கொமபஞய அலலது அ னவாகள கொணடுவருகிற பாககெலல ட குறிததிருககிற தலங்களாகிய அதிர திருபபாலைகசூடி தெவிபபடடணம ஆ பெரியபடடணம கீழககரை மாரியூா ராசசிறி தெவரவாகழுககு நடககிற த வெறெ யாதொரு துறைமுகங்கழுககுச் தனது சரககுடனெ வருகிற பிறததிெ உருக கள தீாவை கொடாமலத தபபி தம கொமபஞரீயவின பெரைச சாடடி கொணடு பொயயெனறு கணடால மு கள எடுததுககொளளபபடும எடடாம பிறிவிலெ குறிததிருககிறது வில சகலமான கபபலகழும அவாகழு ககாறராகிய வெளளை மனிதருடைய க னகழும இனனம உத தம கொமபஞ்ய வாகழுடைய கபபலககள உருககள ச லுளு சிறியதானலுளு யாதொரு காதி லலது வெறு சமபவிபபுககளினலென8 நது முறிநதுபொஞல அதிலெ மிஞசிய களாஞலும எடுககபபடாது அநதபபட யாழிககவெணும ஆகிலும வெறெ ய

நவிலெதானுஞ கிடைககும ராசசிறி )முகங்களிலெயும உததம லாம விறகலாம எனகிற னவும உததம கொமபஞ்ய ககு வெணடிய பிசசுககொளளலாம அநத கள சிலவாயிருககும அதறகு
தங்கழுடைய வீடுகடடு ா மரமும வனனியுககுள சுக கொளஞகிறதுககு ாததுடனெ யகிற தலங்களிலெ வெடடபயொகாது
ġbi ததிலெயும மறது.ந தலங் ாவாகழுடைய பரிபாலனததின
யாதொரு சலாபங்கள கரவாகழுககு கொடுததிருநத ரியாதங்கள ராசசிறி தெவர
கடனெனகிறது தன பஞயவிற பிறசாதம பெத
S; f. 11601 11-11 - 1 -6ððIt fð ாருடைய காலததிலெ கததானெ நடககவா ரவாகழுடைய தெசத அவா கள வகைக குடியா ாம இநதச சொலலபபட ராமபடடணம தொணடி ததங்கரை வெதாளை வாலிநொககம மறறும நலங்களிலெ அலலாமல
கொணடுபொகபபடாது யாகமான யாபாரிகழுடைய பபொமபடிககு உத ஞல அதை நலல ஒபபினை ழுதும ராசசிறி தெவரவா
உத தம கொமபஞரீய ககடுதத சகல எவுரொபபை
பபலகள உருககள சமபா
வில மததக குடியான மபாணகள பெரியதான துப புசலினுலெனகிலும அ லும கடறகரையிலெ செ பிருநததுகளிலெ ஒனறு டககுததானெ கை ாதொரு குடியான வெ

Page 30
262. 263. 264. 265. 266.
267. 268.
269. 270, 271. 272. 273
274, 275.
9.
1. 12. 13. 14. 15. 6.
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
ளளைககாறா சொனகா படடாணிகழு சமடானகள இநதக குடாவிலெ விழு தால அவாகழுககு உததம் கொமபஞ து ஒததாசைபணணவுமபடாது ஞாய தங்கள மனிதரெனறு சொல்லவுமபட
எபபொதுங் கையெழுதது வைககிறப ழுதது வைததது செதுபதி காதத ெ
இதயிங்கெ தூததுககுடிச சககடததர் கொநதராத துப பொததகத துககுச ச படிககு நாங்கள யிதினகிளெ கையெ( எளுகரைதுறைககும துபபாசியாகிய கொழும பில செககரததெரியவில துளி எளுகரைதுறைககும துபபாசியாகிய
சலவெ
TRANSLITERATION
THE UNENMENDED TAML
1684 lu ävani mi 10u intiya venna cintu tecattukku ālocanaip perum illa kataturai calakkarai mutala na matta torun tireyttorumäkiya uttama ceńńo pilavarkal mikutiyum uttama cennor makarācā avarkal mutal intiya venir kku alocanaip perkaläkiya cimâr aV vāna uttama kompaniyar stānattile rāmecuram pāņti maņtalam mutal at kalukkum coyakattanana cirimatu ce maru pakkamākavum tańkalile peci fţatu.
mutalāVatu can tirātittar pirakācikkiravarai mittiya kompahiyarukkum rāca ciri te varavar yillā mal oru nilaikkoņța camātānamu nam pikkaiyum luņțāyirukkavum
raņtāVatu irupirattir kutiyanvarka1ukkum avara kalile turaimukankalile matumâttirai uņțāyirukkavum rācaciri tevar vakai ārukatantupokavum urrama kompan kutiyanavarikal ramicuraimu tal pampa pokavum kūtum itukkut tecattile uļļ patiye avaravar kotukkattakka cuvan

முடைய சுபபல உருககள நது கடறகரையிலெ அடைந நீய ஒரு சகாயமும செயயபபடா பஞ சொலலவும அலலது
[jت fTس
டிககு இது கையெ தவா
சியவிலெ யிருககிற :ரியாயிருககிற ளுதது வைககிருெம அநதொனியு மெநதிஸ் பிபபாஷியாகிய தொமீங்கு தீயசு
தாா எனறிரீ சக தக குருசு
NTO ENGLISH OF TEXT OF THE DOCUMENT
ppatta ankait tivu maturaik
talankalukkuk koverina r loreñcup
koverinator yenaral appaț ța cintu tecattu arkalițamākap potu oru pakkamākavum tarkațutta mattac cirmai tupati kātta tevar avarka
utampi tikkai paņņikko
amāka uttama ca 1ukkum mattiyile murivu im necamum nalla
var cirmai yäna katalottu
manusar mannar ừiyar vakaik nāru katantu a muramaiyin tai kotuttu

Page 31
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 3. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
47. 48. 49. 50, 5.
52. 53. 54. 55.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60, 61. 62. 63. 64.
65. 66. 67. 68.
69. 70. 71.
vitavum avaravar kațțaļaiyițukira pirakarattukkufi cimaikalile natakk tukkuñ cakala kaccavațakārarum in veņtiyatāyirukkumenkira poruttikka kompañiyar vakaip pālkkuk karpit! nāru katantuporatukku avatattie i āyantirvaikku muppatināyiram pāk potikku mūnru paņan kotukkavum antak kațaturaikkappālt tūrattileyi pām panāru vaļiyākak koņtupora appatikkotta ovvoru potikku aya oņraraip paņan kotukkavum mat kellām āyantirvai muramaiyinpati vitavum atil münrattirupañku nin munrattorupanku atikan kotukka avațattiliruntu atirāmapațțaņattuk. pākkukku āyantirvai muppatināyi voru potikku munrupanam intak kira appatippatta poti onrukku cakala vakaic carakkuka lukku mi poka anta imūnrattorupaňku vala tile ayantirvai kotukkavum racaci patinta martta tallaħ kalile ellam li mutal matta yaparaňkaukkellam ayantirvai cevvaran kotukkavum
mūnrāVatu carakku yaparak kataiyaramillata urukkaļ pām panāttile yātoru tirva nintamāka ārukațattavum
nālāvatu ciņekam nilainirkappaņņivicukko cittikkira cakala pinnapetakańka llām cinekamām patiye ciritukkoļļ varu sāntam orumurai kurai patuttā kaļai anuppaveņtiyatāyirukkum yā ppaņņukiratukku atikamāy stānā p tiyatenru yirupirattāle yātorutar k citticcāl atu appați natattuviccukk
añcāvatu rācaciri periya tevaravarkaļ kāla kalile urukkal nintamāyirunta pir pamuņtāyiruntāl appatiye nintamā
ara Watu uttama kompaniyar yātoru caņta marrap pinnapetakamillamal cama turaimukaňkalukkellām rācaciri te

cakala vitak kattalaip ira valappattin pirakārat La tattuviccukkolla i yituvuń iyileyiruntu pārmpa
lañkai
kā kira ovvoru ! tüttukkutimutal
| runtu
kaccavațakārar
ntirvai ap palapala carakku vakalı Kaluk ye kotuttu
tamvițțatupoka ppokātu ituvum kuk kontuvarukira ilар ram pakkup piticca ov kataturaiyiliruntu varu onraraip paņam marta ūnrattirupaňku nintamvițukiratu ppattinpatiye avatat ri tevaravarkalukkuk kit kompañiyar vakaip pākku ore oru talattile māttiram
pataikkappal mutal i kotamal
区
lukiratukkuñi mutalâna apamânañkalaiye ukiratukku mal yirupurattu stänäpati toru kāriyaṁkalai ariya patikaļai anuppaveņ āņkiratāka vantu ollalãm
kalile muttuccalápaň akāram munnukku calā yirukkum
i piņakku allatu tānamāyirukkira talattut varavarkalukkum avarka!

Page 32
72. 73.
74.
75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100, 101. 102.
103.
104. 105. 106. 107. 108.
109. 10. 111. 1 2.
113. 114. 15. 116. 117.
wakaik kutiyanawarkalukkum urukkat ākilum mārupātānā kotukkiratala
elāVatu
yatoru kolaipatakar catimankarar alla rakiya uttama kompaniya vakaik kut tevaravarka cirmaikalile olittupponāl tevaravarkaļ vakai kuțiyānavarkaļāki kompañiya cirmaikalile vantālum ava ntakkumpatikku anniyaonniyamakavur teța vum avaravarai antanta i camānuk Veņtiyatu
ettawatu yātoru peruńkāttu mu talāna pucalinā camuttirattile ulla matta avalattināle kappal allatu urukkaļ periyatu ciriy avarka) vakaik kutiyana varka evurop catiyarakiya Velutta manitar tanniţam permutal mattak kutiyanawarkalutaiya tevaravarkal cirmaiyile centu allatu k ataintu alatu kappal murivaka Wantu miccamāyirunta carakkukkaile allatu ciri tevaravar kall onruń kaiyāți ețutt pokātu ākilum avarkaļ vakai maņiya yitappatirukkira mattap perkalaik ke āvaciyamā yt tankalukkutavi kāņpikk kum atu kariyattukkup patupattu vel mal veronruh kotukkiratalla antap p pafiyar vakaic cirmaikaļile rāca cir vakaik kutiyānavarkaļ vakaiyāka yāt kațarkaraiyile vantu centālum mun c mākattāne națattu viccukkollaveņțiyatu
onpa tāva tu uttama kompañiyar atirāmapațțaņattil tatukkakac cutta ceń kalkontu Vitu ki tu veli atait tukkollalam atile uttama Vakaic carakkuc cetappațāmaluň koll rācaciri tevaravarkal tańkal vakai m nalla parāparippuțane pāttukkollac c yitakkațava tu avațattile uttama komp aniyar tankaļ yāpārampaņņukiratukk kkoņtu vicārippu vaitukkoļlacceyyalā uttama kompaniyar vakaik kutiyanav ciri tevaravarkaļ vakaik kuțiyānavar yātorutarkavāta muņțānāl avaravar na kiratukkum polläppaivitut tavintiruk attai ar ikkaipaņņaveņtiyatu rāca ciri

10
atāci kotukkavum
tu marrat tuțcana iyānavarkaļ rācaciri um allatu rãCaciri ya turpotakar uttama arkalukkumitcai u m vicu vācamākaVum iku oppukkoțukkavum
le allatu
kompaňiyar vakaik "atānālum allatu
pat tecattilc |ayk kutiyirukkira tum rācaciri
caţarkaraiyile
citticcāl
urukkaļie rāca
ukkollap
kārar mutal kațțaļai *]kkumpotu
aventiyatayiruk aiceyta perukkuk kūli alā irakāramākattāne uttama kom tevaravarkal allatu avarkal oru kappal mutalāna urukkal ollappațțirukkira pirakāra
e meşakkürai ot atti attai mulukkon
kompañiyar aipokāmalum anutaraik kāva lāka vaitu
ollik kattalai
u veļļaimanutarai m ituvum arka 1ukkum raca kalukkum mattiyile lla häyamperu kiratukkum tane evaravarkalun

Page 33
118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128.
129
130. 131. 132. 33.
134. 135. 136. 137. 38. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143.
144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 49. 150.
151.
52. 153. 154. 155. 56. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163.
taņkal vakai manitarile yātorutara ņavum oru vițu kațțuviccukollav antappati natattiviccukkoļļalām ā manusar racaciri tevaravarikal tan karai vaikkappațātu rācaciri teval vakai manuşar kompañiyar cimai cilavakak kattikkollavum kompaň vakai manuşar rācaciri tevaravark tanatu cilawakak kattikkolavum vicāriippu oru kuttamillāmal allavä
patta Vatu uttama kompaniyar māttiramalām tilc cãtiyār yātoru var parańkikkā lum oru vitattieyum rāca ciri tev kotukkappatatu itu nimittiyamaka c cātiyār yātorutar parakikkāra lum räcaciri tevaravarkalutane ca ņumenru vantāl appotu rācaciri tärkaleämäl avarkalukku uttama kall pelattaikkoņțu muyarcikkut t ca maiyańkaļile utavicceyyaveņțiya antap pirakāramākattāne uttama yātoru cātiyār evarākilu caņtai tu kețțukkoņțāl rācaciri tevarava muļuppelattutane utavicceyyak ka patinorava uttama kompafiyar yātoru caņt ciri tevaravarka į vakai manuşar te vaiyāyiruntāl appotu uttama ko koțuk kavum rāca ciri te varavarkal tile yatoru utavi venumenral rac avarkalufî cilavu kotuk kaventiyatl paniraņtāv rāca ciri tevara varkaļ vakaik kuti nok kattukkappal vatapiramakac avațattile kulikkira can kellām rā tanatu kappalile etti vañkâlattuk tattile vittukkoļļalām atukāriyatt urkkatatāciyum kotuppom rāca vālinokkattukku mun pāka ramicu kaļie viļukira cāyaver kalliviccu uttäram pettirupparäkavum äyilu pirakārattukku allatu munnākapa patikku uttama kompahiyarukku yile oppivikkaveņțiyatu antap pi liyātiruntāl attāle varukira kēļvu

11
i mannārile vaiccu yāpārampaņ um manacãyiruntãl atuvum nālum anta atu manutarallāmal cona "avarkaļ vitu avarkaļ yile râcaciri tevaravarkal iyar vakai vițum avarkal al cimiyile urtama kompañ ippațippațța
ikkippotalām.
al evur oppait tecat rarānālum mattavarkalānā aravarkal cirmaiyile yițań , evuroppait tecattil rānālum mattavarkalānā
ntai kotukkave tevaravarkal keț kompańiyar tań akkat u ippa tikkotta tāyirukkum kompañiyaruțane kotukkumpo kall tańkaluțaiya țavatāyirukkum
tu
iyile rāca
veņtiyatenru mpañiya cilavu um uttama kompañiyaritat aciri te var
att yānavarkaļ vāli anku ku ikkalām çaciri tevaravarkal kuk kontupoy ava ikku oru ciri tevaravarkaum ramatumirukkira tivu kikoļļukiratukku m tirukkaiyāma vilaip ţţanattile koţutta
tūttukkuți rakārafi kaiyā ilavu ottukko

Page 34
164. 165. 166. 167; 168. 169. 170. 17. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179.
180. 81. 182. 183. 184. 185, 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 2G7. 2Ꮂ8. 209. 210.
țukkaveņțiyatu atu tavira vālinokkat lukkut tenpiram ma nappatuvarai kull cafikānālum vatapiramākak koņtupol valappattinpatiye cakalamum uttama kaiyālikkaveņtiyatu yātoru urukkaļ cankukalile tirutina cankukalaikkont pokumitattil kompañiyar vakaic culip patta u rukkalaik kantupiticcal marru kataiyārattutane koļļaipariyāy etuttu ļappatium itukku virotamāy rāca ciri kall collavum tirumpak kelkkavum p kalum appatippata urukkaļ tirutina kalaikkontu taħkal turaimutalana ta anta uruvaiyum mun collappattirukk kațaiyārattuța ne kaiyāllikkak kațavatā
patimunravatu uttama kompahiyat tunpamillämalt t ņukiratukkum pinnapetam vantu citt kall tarceyalāka nanmaiyākat tottiyir vukāraraiyum kaccavațakāraraiyum k ļalām yātoru maņiyakārar avarkaluk nitańkal națattivikkappațātu collappe rukkira perkalum aramanaiyarukku v tapputtavarukaile vilukiratäka vant aramanaiyār avarkaļait tutarumunnīti rile uļļa niluvaiyaik kotukkac collik yitavenum mattappati aramanaiyar a yai merpoțțu uttarikkaveņum antap tāne arama naiyār uttama kompañiya rar cakalaraiyum avarka1ukku kaiya katanai uttarikkavun katanayirukkum
patinālāva tu uttama kompañiyavil muttuccippi ku lile kallaccippi kulikkira cakalamān kompaniyap parai muraicattamal alli cippi kuļikkira yātoru pārin nilahka tinankal avarkaļitattile kaņtāl akapp ciri tevaravarkaluțaiya manşar pițit kkuk kaiyälikkavenum avarkal eppa lum ârvakaiyil manuşarânâlum parav wittuwitappokatu
patinancavatu malaiyāļattāle varukira kaļippākku talana carakkukkalenkilum kalappat tale cotinaikku katanana nemitta tal poyp pāmpanile mutukināl avarkaļai tańkalukku națiakkira talańkalile mu

12
:tu munta ikkira cañ kellām oru kāmal munnulla
kompaňiyarukku antac u vatapiram opu appatip illa cakala kko!
tevaravarkal onru yațātu rācaciri tevara var
cańku lańkalile vantāl irapati muluk yirukkum
ańkal yāpārampan iya tapatikkum avar un tapați neca tüțţiviccukkol ku yātoru an ţţi Virotamāka yātoru
citticcāl appotu ika avarkalpe
katalai nta niluvai pirakāramākat r vakaik kataikā
ikkavum allatu antak
likkira pāruka a perkalaiyum allatu uttama atu niyamitta kālattai tappi muttuc lile cippi kulikkira yatoru et atta cakalamum rāca tu uttama kompañiyavu ippațța perkaļānā ar conakar tamiļarānālum
marta aripilaku vere vilaku avukalu tane katalpirat ańkalaivittolittup
arukatattavumpațātu țukavițavum pațātu atuva

Page 35
211. 212. 213. 214. 215.
26.
217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228.
229. 230, 23. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
2SO.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
llāmalintap pirakāramāka malaiyā aripilaku vereyum carakkukkal ta' tirāmal muțukināl appațippațța ur kompañiyavir pelattināle rãcaciri teuņtānā carakkilepole uru viletāņu cempāti rāca ciri tevaravarkaļukku tevaravarkalukkuc centa cakala tu, kompai iya avatattile cilava likkalā attanai pākkun koņtuvarappaņņav tūttukkuțiyile cuņņām pu cuțukirati tāyirunta attaņai virakum vettivic velaiceykiravarkalukkuk küli avarl mārupāțāka rāca ciri tevaravarkalu kiratukku ventiyatayirunta attanai lale tańka cilavitt u vettuviccukko uttāramuņtu ākiluminta oppācārat uttama kompañiya yanaippanti ce
patinārāvat tūttukkuțiyileyum kāyalppațțaņatti kalileyum ippotu rāca ciri tevarav kile piirivittu matantuvarukiratināli vantu campuvittal munnale nayak tupole toņikai mannimaimariyāt varkalukkun kitaikkum atu ceyya piletāne kāņutu uttama kompaniy. tirukkira collappațța tüttukkuți ki marrulla turaimukafikalum arama natantappole antap pirakaramakat yirukkum allamalum racaciri teva tile Littama kompaniya allatu ava navarkaļ koņtuvarukira pākkellām ta kurititirukkira tallaħ kalakiya ati tir uppâlaikkuti tevippattanaml âtta periyapat tanam kilakkarai mariyu rāca ciri tevaravarkalukku natakki vere yatoru turaimukañkalukkuk tanatu carakkutane warukira pirat urukkal tirvai kotämalt tappippo tama kompañiyavin peraic cãt ținā koņtu poyyenru kaņtāl mulutum kall ețuttukkollapațium et tām pirivile kurittirukki ratu utt. vil cakalamāna kappalkalum avar klkārarākiya veļļaimaitarutaiya k nka lum innam utama kompaniya

13
lattäle varukira kalippäkku hkalurukkatataciyile kurit ukkalai uttama tevaravarkal, pițitta
kitaikkum rāca ciri raimukańkalileyum uttama m virkalām enkira um uttama kompañiya ukku veņțiya cukkollalām anta kaļ cilavāyirukkum atarku m tańkalutaiya vitukkattu
maramum vanniyukkul llukiratukku tu ța ne eykira talańkalile vet tappokātu
l leyum martum talań arkaļutaiya paripālanattin e yātoru calāpańkal karavakalukku kotuttirunta akaļ rācaciri te vara kkatanenkiratu tan avir piracātam pet āyalppațțaņam naiyāruțaiya kālattile tāne natakkavā ravarka lutaiya tecat rkaļ vakaik kutiyā l intac collappaţ rāmapattaņam toņti hkarai vetalai r vālinokkam marrumi a talankalile allamal koņtupokappatātu tiyokamāna yāpārikaluțaiya mpațikku ut l atai nalla oppinai răcaciri tevaravar
ama kompaniya kalukkațutta cakala evuroppai appalkaļ urukkaļ campā vil mattak k uțiyāna

Page 36
256. varkalutaiya kappa Ikkaļ urukkaļ ca 257. lun ciriyatanaluin yatoru kāttup pu 258. llatu veru campavippukkaļinālenkil 259. ntu murintupionāl atile miñciyirunt 260. kalanalium etukkappatatu antappati 261. yalikkavernum akilum vere yatoru
262. laikkarar conakar pattanikalutaiya 263. campankal intak kutavile viluntu
264. tāl avarkalukku uttama kompaniya 265. tu otta caipannavumpatatu hayafi ci 266. tankaļ manitarenru collavumpatātu
267. eppotun kaiyeluttu vaikkirapatikku 268. Juttu vaittatu cetupati kätta tevar
269. ituyi ňke tūttuk kuțic cakkațattariyav 270. kontarattup pottakattukku cariyäyi 271. patikku naikal yitinkille kaiyeluttu 272. elukaraituraikkum tuppāciyākiya a: 273. kolumpill cekkaratteriyavil tuvippaş 274. elukaraituraikkum tuppāciyākiya
275. calavator en
ENGLISH, T
This treaty was made on the 10th d His Excellency, Laurens Pyl, Councillor of and Director of the Island of Ceylon, Coast acting on behalf of His Excellency, the Gc Councillors of India, otherwise known as S on the one side and His Royal Highness C districts of Rameshvaram and Pandya and
F
As long as the moon and sun shine, peace, friendship and good faith between Royal Highness Tevar.
St
Let there be sea-traffic in clear harbours for the subjects of both parties. be allowed to cross the river to Mannar. T be allowed to cross the Pamban channel th or fee that could be granted in accordance v the respective parties. It is the agreement

14
impānkaļ periyatānā calinālenkilum a um katarkaraiyile ce atukalile onru kkuttāne kai kluțiyana ve
kappal urukkal kaţarkaraiyile aţain
oru cakāyamuñ ceyyappațā ollavum allatu
itu kaiye
vile yirukkira rukkira
vaikkirom ntoniyu mentis iyākiya tomińku tiyacu
riri caka taka kurucu
RAN SLATON
lay of Avani, 1684, after negotiations between India, otherwise known as Sindhu, Governor of Madura, Cāļakkarai and other territories, overnor-General and their Lordships who are indhu, with those of the Honourable Company etupati Kata Tevar, Independent Lord of the other territories on the other side.
’irst
let there be permanently no enmity but perpetual those of the Honourable Company and His
cond
cut terms in their respective territories and The subjects of His Royal Highness Tevar may he subjects of the Honourable Company may rough Rameshvaram. For this, whatever toll rith the custom of the country, be granted by hat all merchants be made to abide by the

Page 37
orders laid down by the respective parties at concerned. For transporting arecanuts
Pamban channel, a payment of three fanam should be paid as Ceylon customs duty in th from Tutucorin and distant places from tha half fanams for each load of a similar kind should be paid in accordance with the prevai exempted from duty and as such the duty sh In addition for the Ceylon arecanuts which
a customs duty of three fanams per load con For each load of a similar kind coming from paid). For all other kinds of merchandise, merchandise), the customs duty on one third accordance with the usual practice. In all o Royal Highness Tevar, only in one territory toll for arecanuts and other trade of the Con
T
Warships and schooners not carry Pämban Channel without payment of any du
Fo
− For the perpetuation of friendship , disputes, dishonours and the like which may without failure envoys from both parties. I furnish information on any matter by any on Out
As was allowed in the time of His fishery and was granted free vessels, now in allowed free.
C A.
The Honourable Company should Highness Tevar and His subjects in all the t or enmity but in peace. But it shall not be
Se
If any murderer or traitor or other seeks refuge in the territories of His Roy subjects of His Royal Highness Tevar c. Company, it shall be the duty of both parti fully searching for them and to hand overs

15
ld to conform to the custom of the territories of the Company from Kalpitiya across the s per load containing thirty thousand nuts at place. Merchants transporting (arecanuts) t port should pay as customs duty one and a . For all other mcrchandise, customs duty ling practice. Two-thirds of such merchandise is ould not exceed one third of such merchandise. are brought from that place to Adiramapatnam. prising thirty thousand nuts (should be paid), that coast, one and a half fanams (should be apart from the exemption of two-thirds (of
(of the merchandise) should be paid there in ther territories coming under the rule of His , should the customs duty be paid as half the pany.
hird
ing any merchandise could freely cross the utу.
furth
and for settling aright in a friendly manner all arise, it would be necessary to send annually f it is found necessary to send more envoys to e of the two parties, it could be so carried
Fifth
Royal Highness the old Tevar during the pearl any future fishery also shall be permitted and
ixth
grant passes for the vessels of His Royal ërritories with which it is not in any war, rift given if opposition arises.
Venth
vildoer among the subjects of the Company l Highness Tevar or evil doers among the me into the territories of the Honourable s to please each other by mutually and faithIch persons to their respective lords.

Page 38
Eig
If on account of any gale or disaster ir small belonging to the Company or their subj or free men or other subjects reach the shore shipwreck, nothing of the remaining merchal His Royal Highness Tevar. Yet, His Distr are ordered when asked should readily come this nature shall be paid nothing else but wag His Royal Highness Tevar or His subjects con Company, the treatment would be as already
N
The Honourable Company be perm with baked bricks and cover the roof with til duty of His Royal Highness Tevar to maintair Company so that the merchandise may not g be maintained with good care. The Hon through white men. If any enmity occurs be and those of His Royal Highness Tevar, it impartial justice could be sought and evil desirous of maintaining one of his men in M trade, He be permitted to do so. But H. only His men and not employ Moors. in the territory of the Company by persc be borne by His Royal Highness Tevar. T territory of His Royal Highness Tevar by p the Company. The management of these res offence.
T
His Royal Highness Tevar, under a territory only those of the Honourable Cor account of this, if any of the European race war with His Royal Highness Tevar and if c asked, it shall be the duty of the Honourabl with the required military force at its comm the Honourable Company and if asked, it sh to render help with all the military force at F
Elle
If the Honourable Company needs Tevar for any war, the Honourable Compan His Royal Highness Tevar seeks any kind His Royal Highness Tevar shall bear the e:

16
hth
the ocean, ships or schooners whether greator ects or white men from the Country of Europe of His Royal Highness Tevar or encounter a dise or vessels should be misappropriated by ict Revenue Officers and other persons who to the rescue. They who labour for work of es. Similarly, if any ship or schooner of he into the territory or shore of the Honourable
prescribed.
nth
litted to build a residence in Adiramapatnam es, and fence it with thorns. It shall be the His men as watchers there on the order of the st damaged or stolen and in order that it may Durable Company could manage their trade tween the subjects of the Honourable Company shall be made known immediately so that avoided. If His Royal Highness Tevar is annar and building a residence for purposes of is Royal Highness Tevar should maintain
The expenses for putting up a residence ns of His Royal Highness Tevar, should he expenses for putting up a residence in the ersons of the Company should be borne by idences may again be disbanded without any
:nth
ny circumstance, should accommodate in His npany and not Portuguese and others. On s or Portuguese or other nations come to wage in such occasions His Royal Highness Tevar Company to help His Royal Highness Tevar ind. Similarly if any race wages war against all be the duty of His Royal Highness Tevar lis comand.
venth
the services of persons of His Royal Highness y shall then bear the expenses incurred. If of assistance from the Honourable Company, penSeS. .

Page 39
T
The subjects of His Royal Highne northern part beyond Wali Mukam. His in ships all the chanks fished in that area to we shall grant passes for His vessels. His to dig the dye roots grown in the islands Rameshvaram. But at Tutucorin, such got fishhide or price paid earlier in Nagapatna it should be agreed to pay the freight charge fished from the southern area of the corner should be taken to the northern area. In a they should be handed over to the Compan: with a contraband of such chanks being ta other cargo shall be confiscated. Contrar neither say anything nor ask for recovery. come to the ports in the territory of His R surrender such schooners with the full mer
T
If the Company feels that in orde trade and no enmity may arise, it should b strength of weavers and merchants, it coulc cause any act of injustice towards them. I offence against the King's Government, them to pay the arrears that lie to their cr have to bear the payment and thereby suffe hand over all the debtors of the Honoural have to pay the debt
Fo
If His Royal Highness Tevar's C fishing in the pearl banks of the Honourab without the Company's proclaiming it thro in any pearl fishery bank beyond the spec such persons with all their possessions and Such detected persons, whoever they be at Paravas, Moors or Tamils, should not be
F
lf persons transporting a contrab any other prohibited merchandise obtai secretly avoid inspection at assigned territ they should not be allowed to cross the ch hasten to the territories of His Royal Ho Tevar, with the strength of the Honoura

17
'weth
ess Tevar be permitted to fish chanks in the Royal Highness Tevar be permitted to transport Bengal and sell them there. For this purpose, Royal Highness Tevar should obtain permission facing Wali Mukam and situated as far as ods should be handed over at price paid for ray m. If they are not disposed of in that manner, es accruing from them. Besides, of the chanks of Wali Mukam to Manapaar, not even a chank ccordance with the practice prevailing before, y. If the Company's sloop detects any schooner ken northwards, the vessel together with all y to this, His Royal Highness Tevar should If such schooners carrying contraband of chanks oyal Highness Tevar, it shall also be His duty to chandise in the aforesaid manner.
hirteenth
r that no adverse conditions may arise in its e necessary in its own interests to increase the do so. No District Revenue Officer should f the persons mentioned happen to commit any the latter before prosecuting them should order edit. Otherwise, the King's Government will r. In the same way, the Government should ble Company to them. Otherwise, they will
urteenth
|fficials detect persons engaged in illicit pearl le Company or any attempts at pearl fishing ugh the beating of the tom-tom or pearl fishing fied period, it shall be their duty to catch all hand them over to the Honourable Company. ld whatever their loyalty be and whether they be
released
jfte enth
and of boiled arecanuts or sliced a recanuts or nable from Malabar, in unauthorised boats, ories in the sea coast and hasten to Paimban, innel. (Such vessels) should not be allowed to ghness Tevar. Besides, if, His Royal Highness ble Company, seize schooners hastening with

Page 40
(a load of) boiled arecanuts, sliced arecanut Malabar, which are not specified in the passes Tevar will be entitled to equal half of the boot Honourable Company shall provide in all ti much arecanut as can be disposed of and s Company is permitted to cut the amount of fir of wages to those who are employed for that
contrary, His Royal Highness Tevar is authc His expense for building a residence. But on t areas where the Honourable Company capture:
Sixtee
As Tutucorin, Kayalpatnam and protection of His Royal Highness Tevar, He w vessels as granted before to the Nayak, in the is only evident that we are bound to do so. that have the privileges of the Honourable Con manner in which they were administered under the arecanuts that are to be brought by the Ho country of His Royal Highness Tevar should specified here such as Adiramapatnam, Attankarai, Vētāļai, Periyapatnam, Kilakkar under the control of His Royal Highness Te could detect with substantial proof the falsity c represent the Honourable Company in order to whole of them.
As mentioned in the eighth section (o Company, ships, schooners and sampans belo the Honourable Company, ships and sch Honourable Company, whether great or small, gale or other circumstances, nothing of what possession of. They should be handed over Schooners and sampans of any other Europe Moors are wrecked in this bay and reach the sl render any help to them or seek justice or say
Signature placed in the usual style C
We sign below this to certify that this Book kept here at the Tutucorin Secretariate.
Anothony Mendis, Interpreter for th
Domingo Dias, Interpreter, Secretari
Salvador Henrique sa de Krux, Inte

18
B and other merchandise obtainable from of the vessels concerned, His Royal Highness y of such schooners and merchandise. The le ports of His Royal Highness Tevar as old there, At Tutucorin, the Honourable ewood required for burning lime. Payment work should be borne by them. On the rised to fell timber in the Vanni district at his agreement, timber should not be cut in
elephants.
nth
other territories are separately under the ill be granted the same privileges of the event of finding any pearl fishing bank. It Tutucorin, Kayapatnam and other ports pany should be administered in the same royal administrative officials. Besides, ail nourable Company or its subjects into the not be taken to any place other than those Tondi, Triuppa laikkuti, Tevippatnam, ai, Māriyūr, Wāli Mukam and other places var. His Royal Highness Tevar, if He if the vessels of private traders claiming to escape payment of duty, could confiscat
f the treaty) if the ships of the Honourable nging to white men of Europe representing ooners belonging to other subjects of the reach the shore wrecked on accout of any remains of all of them, should be taken in the prescribed manner. But, if ships, an subjects, Moors, and Urdu speaking Lore, the Honourable Company should not |hat they are their men.
tupati Kātta Tēvar.
copy tallies with the one in the Contract
Seven Coasts.
ate, Colombo.
preter for the Seven Coasts.

Page 41
W
The orthographical peculiarities as follows:-
The consonants are not dotted. the long e and Ó. They are written al vowel-consonants are not differentiated
The leter FF was originally writter found in three places in the document.
There are some nunerals written 9) = eight. Ten is written as u). Hul prefixung FT to at which is the sign foi
The letter (G5) stands for year. this is written in one instance as 'LiS' '
தrா அயசD ஆவணி மீ ய 2 ‘ year, 1684."
Y -
There are Some stylistic peculiari Certain geminated consonants are comb as 9 . && is written as &.
Certain vowel-consonants are con -ath is written as ۰ راه Some of the c as 5 .. 3 is written as露· cy is w written a8 -&\!J • s; is written as -*M .
The facsimile of the Tamil docur also reveals some of the stylistic p document.

9
R T · N G
of the document under our consideration are
The short e and o are not differentiated from ike. Similarly, in vowel-consonants, the short from the long vowel-consonants.
aS இ and this origina! way of writing it is
in Tamil characters. 9o a four. Brn = six. adred is written as T. Six hundred is written by
hundred. Thousani is written as 跑·
The word for month in Tamil is Lorrash" and ". The letter “ 2 " stands for date.
on the 10th day of the month of Avani, in the
ties of the scribe who transcribed this document ined. Lill.is written as ill agil is written
bined with the letter 'u'. -uyth is written as ty. ther peculiarities of the scribe are:- is is written ritten as up . As is written as g. spy is
nent reproduced at the end of this. Monograph eculiarities of the scribe who transcribed the

Page 42


Page 43
P:AR
PHO
DISTRIBUTION OF SOUNI
The variations from the rules century are starred. They are the devel
a - atu
ā - āru i - inta
W
i - i.am u - urukka e - elām
k with a,ā,i,i,u,ū,ē,ai, o and č
kappal kāttu kițaikkum kitpatinta kuttam
c with a,a,i,i, u,e,e,o
cakalam cātiyār cintu cimaikaļilē cuţţa
it with a
ñāyam
kūli
kēļvu kaiyä likka kotukka kõverimatõr
and Ö
ceyta
Centa
colli cõnakarai
m with a,a,i, u, ü, and e
manitar māttiram mikutiyum
y with a
yapâram,
r with a
mutal mմnru mēlpōttu
rāmēcuram Nramicuram
Co

R A
N O L OG Y ps IN THE INITIAL POSITION
of Nannul, a grammar of the thirteenth opments after the Nannul period.
Vowels
ē - ēti
o - oppācārattuta nē Ö - öţu
nSOmants
t with a,a,i,i,u,t),e,e,o and 6
talattilē tūrattilēyiruntu tānē te
tirutina tēcattilē tivukaļiē toņti
tuvippāși tönikalin
in with a,a,i,e and e
nalla necavukāraraiyum natikal meCamr nintam
p with a,a, i, u,e,e,o and 6
parai, . periyatu, pākku, pērukku, pititu, pOy, pucalinalë, põle,
1 with o
loreificup pilavarkaļ
v with a,ã,i,li,e,ē and ai
vakai velutta vāli nōkkam vēru vilai vaittu
viţu

Page 44
Initial Cluster of T
Exampte
a St- stānatti
Medial Cluster of
Examp
kk - pakkam ņņ - cuņņāmpu rik nk - ilahkai ņp - kāņpikka · rin cc - citticcālum tt - mattavarkalä- rv
nālum ñc - miñciyirunta- nt - nintam k
tukaļilē
ññ - ceñiñ5r pp - kappal ţc - iţcai mp- pampan Vv tt - kattalai yk - ceykira ļv tp - kitpaținta yt - cey ta l ņk - kāņkiratu уу – сеyya r! ņi - maņtalam r(
Medial Cluster of
Exam
-ytt- ra- tireytt.Jr -ļkk- — kelkkum
Final Positior
Exam
* cinēkam - 4. -у - роy - =
Vowel-Co
|-af
k - takka . y - intiya c - makai c - piticca r - tavira t - koņta l - pala ņ - paņņa - ulla t - anta r - națakkira р - anupра n - āna
/-u/ /-el k-pahku v-murivu k-ihke c-Vaiccu 1- OU t-pitittate t-katalottu l-mulu y-appatiye t-kathutu r-aru 1-mattiyile
p-vicarippu

2
wo. Consonants
lē
Two Consonants
bles
- avarka rp - karpittiyileyiruntu m- cirmaikaļilē rt - urtamam
- tirvai r - urra mam
- kappalkall nk - catimänkarar
- elām mp - tunpam y - cevvaram nm - nan mai
- kēļvu mr - onirukal
- vanniyukkulläle nn - ennappatta k - atarku c - muyarci
Three Consonants
ples
-lkk- saam kappalkkal -lipp - - kāyalppattanam -rtt- =യെ martta
Consonants
ples
paravar - avarkaļ mutal - mun
*-s antöniyu menti nsonants
|-i/
aca c - pēci r - cari t - toņti l - kūli ņ - āvani v - utavi t - etti - vali p- tappi r - pari * Ş - tuvippãși
/-ai/ l-kille k-ilafikai r-maturai r-vere ciţcai 1-vilai n-utane t-cantai ll-kat talai
t-attai v-tirvai m-nanimai r-murai
p-pollappai n-alocanai

Page 45
INITIAL POSITIO
2. 3. i i t
al a i i l
ka kā ki ki ku kti
Ca са ci ci C
wn -- la
ta tả ti ti tu ti
la mãi ni
pa | pā || pi pu
a. ma mi. mü
yā
* rā
Wa va vi vi

N OF SOUNDS
22
al
Є e ai Ο Ο
е e Ο б
kē kai ko kõ
Ce Ce CO cô
te te tO tõ
ՈՇ Ie
pe pe po põ
më
*lo
Ve VE vai

Page 46
  

Page 47
TWO CONS ON A
ME DIAL
Initial or the first m
c n t n t in
kk || ňk ηk
cc fic tc
ñiñi
țț || ņț
ņņ
tt
Int
tp np

NT CLUSTERS
P O S IT ION
ember of the Cluster
23
p m y r l r in
yk | rk lk rk nk
C
yt *rt
pp || mp rp np
T Inm
yy
V VW lv
ll
III ||

Page 48


Page 49
FINAL POSIT ON OF
WOW E L - CO
al a i i
k+ a k+ u :
с + a і с+ a | c + i C - ll
- -- a t+ i t + u
n + а in + i
t+ a t+ i t -- u
p -- a p + i ple u
у у + a
t -- a r + i -
l+ a 1 + i
- ʻ v + i f V -է- Ա
1 + u
+ a + i + u
- a r + i + u. in Il + a
*s
's + i

CONS ON A N T S AND
NS ON ANTS
l Є e al O
k + ē + k + ai بر
с + ai
t + ai
t + ë t + ai
p + ai
m -- ai
у + ё
r + ai
l + ē || 1 + ai
| v + ai
! + ē || 1 + ai
r -- ē | fr -- ai
n -- ē || n -- ai

Page 50


Page 51
S O UN D
a > ā plosive la [ r > ā uttaram > uttā
The central vowel 'a' between a plos to prevent a loss. This sound chang device against semantic pathology in t occurs wherever there is the possibility being used in a sphere of activity, for frequent cccurrences. “uttalian nea Both of them ale of very frequent occu they had to be differentiated. Whilst retained, the form “uttaram' develo
a > і c5tanaikku etta naňkaļ oppanaikku
/an/, the empty morpheme becomes started during the time of Tolkappiy. vantu, etc. On this analogy, the 'an and “ettanam and the indigenous morpheme have also become 'in'.
a D w Lb) palatta
The central vowel “a following a San becomes the front mid un rounded vow
a > ai a palatal Mai Ca
This is according to the literary langua instances as well. This has become th concept ofaikāra kkurukkam.
aint > añ
muraimaiyi
a > a. makărăcâ >
This has been ta milised. Where two l
a' is shortened for dissimilation.
i>aţa av vitattilé >
The front high un rounded vowel “i” bi after the retroflex stop 't'. One of lost.
5. J. Gilliéron,
Pathologie et thérapeutique

25
C H A N G E
al
ive and alveolar flap “r' becomes lengthened 2 can be semantically explained as a curative he sense in which Gilliéron uses it. This 7 of two words having the same shape and instance, domestic life where both are of |ns “permission' and it also means “a beam'. urrences in ordinary daily life. Therefore. for the beam. the form “uttaram' was ped for the word meaning “permission”.
> cõtinaikku > ettinankal > oppinaikku
/in in some words. This alteration has r itself where we have the forms, pentu, in the loan words from Sanskrit 'cötanai
word 'oppanai', through not a separate
i > pelattai
skrit voiced plosive in in the initial syllable el “e” in Tamil.
ayafikalilē > camaiyakaļilē
ge and grammar. Therefore ai>a in other e general rule which is expressed by the
CԱ
pațiyē > muramayinpațiyē
- makarâca
ong vowels follow, the long central vowel
> avatattilē
2comes influenced by the central vowel 'a' the cluster of two labio dental fricatives is
verbales, Paris, 1921

Page 52
u > i puram > piram
The back high rounded vowel 'u' betwee an alveolar trill r becomes the front hi
tot > lu toțarum > tuțarur
The back higher mid rounded vowel 'o' high rounded vowel 'u'.
-k- > W pataku kaļu tanē >
This is a case of the loss of the medial vic as a glide.
-kiratu < tu kāņkira tu >
In akrinai singular finite verb, the
altogether.
-ku > 0 koņtupākira
ku- is lost in the colloquial dialect whe-' ܢ ܥܗܶ
may be a case of kir > ir > r. It may plosive.
kē- > kēļ kēvu > kēļvu
The lateral fricative 'l' intrudes betweer front mid un rounded vowel ‘ē” and bef Compare this change with that of tevai.
-țk- > kk - kēțkum >
This is a case of dissimilation. + k the fifteenth century onwards + k > must have influenced the Ceylon Tami following plosive doubles as it does aft:
vēņtum > v
The tetroflex stop 't' in a cluster of re
! tt > cc natattuvittukkolla
ai kaņtupitittāl
paņņuvittukkola kūț țivittukkolla vettivittukkolla
vaittu

26
a voiceless bilabial plosive “p” and an h un rounded vowel “i”.
in the first syllable changes to the back
patavu kauta nē
iceless velar stop 'k' and 'v' coming
kāņutu
present tense morpheme f-kirul is lost
> koņtuōpra
In taking the tense sign/-kiru, etc., or it be then an instance of a loss of the medial
the voiceless velar stop 'k' and the long ore the voiced labio-dental fricative 'v'. > telvai in the Jaffna dialect of Tamil.
kēļkkum
> tk is an old grammatical rule. From likk in the South Indian dialects and it s as well. The 'l' is retained and the r ițaiyinam sounds.
ņum
roflex nasal and stop is lost.
> natattuviccukkoļļa > kaņtupiticcāl - paņņuviccukkoļļa > kūțtivicc ukkolla > vettuviccukkola > vaiccu

Page 53
The geminated voiceless dental plosive “i” or diphthong “ai” are palatalised i South Indian dialects of Tamil.
-tt- > t. oruttar >
This is due to the foreign influence and is written as single plosive.
ai]nt > fic aintu >
This is an instance of palatalisation o! palatal nasal and stop on account of th
-у- - c puyal >
The palatal semivowel “y” becomes t Compare this change with that of muya
-r- > r pirakāram > pirakāra piracātam > piracātaI piraikācikkira > pirakācil
When the alveolar flap "r" and trill 'r' confusion occurs mostly in foreign wors
katan karar > katan karar
parankikkãrar > parankikkãrar
kaccavațakkāra r > k accavațakārar
>
necavukārar necavukãrar
The Sanskrit /-kara/ which has becom in Tamil is pronounced as f-kara/.
Itt karttan > kattan > عے
[nt Cerinta > Centa taV
In the colloquial dialect, the alveolar more often after geminated plosives or
-- > elu > e. tami1ar > t{
The voicellss medio palatal retroflex retroflex 1 in the Ceylon dialect of is only preserved in the South Arcot d

27
S before a palatal front high unrounded vowel hto co. These changes are also typical of
Orutar
also Sinhalese where the doubled plosive is
> añcul
fdental nasal and its homorganic plosive into e palatal front high unrounded vowel “i”.
- pucal
he palatal stop c in the colloquial dialect. l d mucal in the Jaffna dialect of Tamil.
..) pirattiyēkam > pirattiyõkam
pirivilē > pirivilē kkira
fall together, we get all this confusion. The ds.
maņiyakārar > maņiyakārar catimänkärar > catimankärar êrõppaikkãrar > erCppaikkãrar veļļaikkārar > vel laikkārar
e a masculine termination for certain nouns
bārttukkoļļa > pāttukkoļļa irntirukkiratukkum > tavintirukkiratukkum
lap "r' is lost when followed by consonant, homorganic nasal and plosive.
kile > kīļē „millar Vali > vali
fricative '1' has coalesced with the lateral amil. Even in South India, the distinction ialect of Tamil.

Page 54
--> t ãr
rańkarai > āttaṁ karai k kāru > kāttu ērri > ēt ti C pām panārrilē > pām panāttilē virru > vittu perrirukkira > pettirukkira
This is the colloquial
Combination of
+ c > le. When a word ending with the alveola
-l t- > lit
c e Il > i
with the palatal stop 'c', the usual there are instances to show that the the palatal stop which forms the in compound, is followed.
tēc attil + cātiyār > t
When a word ending with the al beginning with a dental plosive "t", stationary word and the initial t- o alveolar trill 'r'. But, here, in at ciation, the final -1 is retained and part of the compound is doubled.
tunpamillamal + tank kotam al - tappi > appāl + tūrattilēyirunt
Hyperurbani
When a change has taken place in to write in the old way. But in so well. For instance, when 1 is cha pronounce as palam as palam but as vali, because they had lost the o them from their own colloquial for which they form for themselves.
celavu >
The general rule is that i > e in
6. Charles F. Hockett, A Course in Modern Ling The Macmillan Company,

28
urram > kuttam narravarkalanalum>mattavarkalanaum :arramal >cāt tāma
errir uppár >pett iruppār narrumppaţi > mattappati
pronunciation.
Words
r flap 'l' combines with a word beginning rule is that-lar, But, in this document : colloquial pronunciation of doubling litial sound of the second part of the
ēcattilc cātiyār
veolar flap '1' combines with a word the usual rule is that both the -l of the f the oncoming word are changed into ccordance with the colloquial pronunthe initial dental plosive of the second
al > tunpamillamalt tańkal
kotämalt tappi tu > appālt türattileyiruntu
Sation
the colloquial language, some continue doing, they alter the correct forms as nge to l, they not only write what they also rewrite the older forms like vali also ld habit of speech and are reconstructing ms on the basis of an empirical rule
cilavu
the colloquial dialect.
uistics, New York. I958. P. 436

Page 55
kaiyälikka > kaiyä likk 1 < -!سه kulikkira > kulikkira campānkalum > campānk oļittu > olittu
vanikāļattālē malaiyālattālē carakkukkalukku kutiyanavarkalukku turai mukaňkalukku ceykiravarkalukku pērkaļum
AMLSATION OF
When foreign words are borrowed, t Tamil language. Whether there was in the si or not, it cannot be traced in the writings sounds in one language are rendered by the language.
Most of the changes are necessitated sounds in Tamil. The swarabhakti comes in language. But there are cases of clusters occ representing a widespread bilingualism. The certain sounds do not occur as initial sounds l and r are found to occur initially in a few to that extent, to tolerate them as initial soun
Rules cf Tamilisation as laid do with reference to Sanskrit words which as being applicable to them
Sanskrit k, kh, g, gh >
Mediaily Sanskrit kh >
mukha
šaňkha D. Ca
in Other Foreign Word
Urdu, kl Medially Sanskrit g is
vanga > van kāl in Other Foreign Word
Portuguese Portuguese

29
a. veļutta > velutta
aripiļavu > aripilaku
alum avarkaļukku > avarkaļukku taňkalutaiya > tańkalutaiya
patakukaļu tanē > patavukalutanē
> vai kā attālē > malaiyālattālē > carakkukkasukku m > kuțiyānavarkalukkum
> turaimukankalukku > ceykiravarkalukku > pērkalum
FOREIGN WORDS
hey are adapted to the phonemic system of the poken language a widespread full bilingualism which used only conventional scripts. The nearest phonemic shape in the borrowing
by the fact that there are no corresponding
the clusters which are usual in the Tami urring in the initial syllable itself, perhaps re are prothetic Vowels introduced because in the Tamil language. But in the document. places, showing that the language has changed ds.
wn by Pavananti the author of Nannul are found extended to other foreign words
k in Tami
... k in Tamil
ukam hku
ls, initially kh > k in Tamil nevā>kēļvu
k in Tamil
ΙΩ
s, Initially and Medially g a k in Tamil
, governador > kõvērinatõr
· Domingo > tomińku

Page 56
Sanskrit c, ch, j, jh > c ir
nitially Sanskrit ch > c ir
chēda > cētam chảya > câyam
Initially and Medially Sanskrit j >
jana > Canar
jāti > cāti
Sanskrit t, th, d, dh > t in Tam
Initially and Medially Sanskrit d >
deša > tēcam
dūra > türam dur +jana > tutcanar dvipa > tiνu chèda > Cetan pra-sada > piracãtam apa-Vada > avādam
Other Foreign Words
Portuguese, director > tire Portuguese, Domingo Dias > tom Portuguese, governador > kôv
Medially Sanskrit dh > t in Tamil
adhika > atikam s virõdha > virõtam
vidhā > vitam s šõdhana > cõtinai
Sanskrit p, ph, b, bh > p in Tami
Initially b > p in Tamil
bala > pellam
nitially and Medially Sanskrit bh
bhèda > pētam bhēdaka > pēta kam
New Aryan, dubasir dobasiC Sanskrit, dvibh

30
Tami
Tami
c in Tami
rājan + sri > Irācaciri yajamāna > icamān
t in Tamil
bhēdaka > pētakam candraditya > cantiraitittar siddhi > citti bheda > pētam maryādā > mariyātańka"
yttör
iñku tiyacu
erinatõr
indhu > cintul
madhura > 'maturai sam-a-dhana > camatanam madhya > matti
> p in Tamil
bhõdaka > põtakar sam-bhava > campuvi
aşya >tuvippäşi ~ tuppaci

Page 57
initially and Medially Sanskrit
šõdhana cõtinai
šañkha > canku
šrimat > cirimatu āšā > - acai
Medially Sanskrit h > k in Ta
sahāya Cج cakayam mahat D- maka
snēham حصص cinekam
initially and Medially Sanskrit
samaya > camaiyam sindhu > cintu
sahāya > cakâyam sa-kala > cakalam
Prakrit, sari > cari samudra > camuttiram
Other Foreign Words
Malay & Javanese, sampan > Portuguese, senhor > Dutch, secretariat > Dutch, sloep Portuguese, salvador >
Finally Sanskrit a > ai in Tar
lañkä > ilankai
Prothetic Vowel i
Sanskrit, laikā > ila:
Absence of Prothetic Vowel
Sanskrit, rāja > rācā Sanskrit, rāmā +išvara >
Other Foreign Words
Dutch, laurens Pyl >
Medially Sanskrit kş > kk i
pakşa > pakkam

31
S > c in Tamil
Prakrit, šippi > cippi rajan + šri > racaciri višvasa > vicu vācam āvašyaka > āvaciyam
mi
s > c in Tamil
sētu -- pati . > cētupati sam-a-dhana > camatanam pra-sada > piracātam siddhi > citti pra-kaisa > pirakãcam sam-bhava * > campuvi višvasa > vicuvācam
> Campān
> Ceinn3r > cakkatattariya - cekkarattériya > culippu > calavatõr
ni
āšā асаі
hikai Prakrit, rūva > uru
rajan + širi > racaciri rāmēcuram ~ramicuram
loreincup pil
in Tami

Page 58
Vowels i, i and u to brea
pr > pir pra-sada
pra-kaira sn > cin sneha sy > ciy āvašy: dv > tiv dvipa šv > cuv višvās
Other Foreign Words
sol > cul sloe
Vowel i to break Mediol
tr > ttir m2
dr > ttir Sa.
ty > ttiy ni
ndr > ntir Ca
ту > riy kā
PART
M O R P H (
[II] N(
CAS
In this document, there are nouns wi certain variations. These are considered to following inflexions which the grammarians them as old case signs which having lost their the new case signs. This kind of study revea of case signs old and new. In this way, new cases but also new idioms.
Cariyai or Empty Morph
|-u/
/-attu/
|-an/
/in/ /-attu/+ -in/

32
k initial Custer
> piracātam pratyeka > pirattiyjkam > pirakāram pra-kāsa > pirakāci m > cinekam aka > avaciyam
> tivu
a > Vicu vãcam
p > culippu
CEusters
itra > māt tiram
mudra > camuttiram tya > mittiyam ndraditya > cantira tittar riya > kāriyam
ryādā > mariyātanka
B
O LOGY
OUNS
ES
hich before taking the case signs undergo be oblique forms. The no un takes the call cariyai. Dr. Caldwell looks upon old significance have to be strengthened by ls to us a structure where we have a number case signs seem not only to express old
ee Examples
munnukku ca muttirattil
a tarku tönikalin avallattināl

Page 59
Most of the nouns taking a cariy But the following instances are some excep signif-ku/ take the euphonic /-ul which the it cannot be brought under that category a
|-ul
kompaňiyarukku tankalukku ceykiravarkalukku aramanaiyārukku
Persuing still further the structure the following structures:-
1.
Noun [litself denoting the obl
tokai or declensional compound where a c: the compound occurs as a more frequen juxtaposition of two nouns, the first beco of the second which is the head.
2.
āyantirvai, katarkarai.
Noun + case sign.
cŪtinaikku, urukkal
Noun + cariyai showing th tōņikaļin mannimai
Noun + case sign + e
caņtaiyilē, talankaļi
Noun + cariyai + case sig tēcattil, pelattai, p
Noun + cariyai + case sigr
pirakārattukkum.
Noun + cāriyai + case sig
camuttirattile.
Noun + cāriyai + case sig “enkilum' if occurring onc If it occurs more than on to the “either . . . or''' con
Noun + cāriyai + case sig
vitattileyum.
7.
Robert Caldwell
A Comparative Grammar of the languages (Third Edition Rept in University of Madras, Madras.

SS
'ai or empty morpheme belong to akrinai. tions. Uyartinai words, when taking the case traditional grammarians call a cariyai though is defined by Dr. Caldwell."
kuțiyāmavarkalukkum icamānukku pērukku
of the nouns taking the case sign, we have
ique case. It is considered to be verrumai-t- ase sign can be supplied and expanded, though t idiom. As a matter of fact, by the very mes a kind of qualifier forming the attribute
urukkațatāci, ilappākku.
ai.
e genitive.
mariyātankaļ, pārin nilankaļile.
lē.
l. irakārattukku.
a
e.
. --
n + enkilum. e will mean “even if they were’. ce, the idiom formed will be equal struction in English.
1 -- e -- um.
Dravidian or South Indian Family of
t.) ор. 2б9-27о.

Page 60
The Accusati
The accusative case -ai/ denotes th verb.
There are certain phrases in the do Tamil idiom to use use the akrinai words wi except where there is ambiguity. But since translation follows the original idiom and tr by using the Tamil accusative case sign I-ail, the new constructions. As a result, the idi Tamil terms not frequently used occur, th
appatipatta urukka
In instances where there may not b is used very much against the “Tamil idiom
katanai uttarikkavum,
niluvaiyai kotikka, c colli apamānaṁkaļai yellãm ciu cafikukaļaik koņtu vatap uttama kompoñiyavin pēI kāriyan kaļai ariyappaņņu
for kațan uttarikkavum,
niluvai kotukkac colli,
apamānam elām cinēkam cań ku koņțu vatapuram p uttama kompaniyavin pē kāriyańkal ariyappaņņuki
Here one gets a list of verbs which separate class taking an object adverb or tr only a few verbs which can be so distinguish
avarkaļai ārukata ttavum r attai arikkai paņņa vēņtiya neca vulkararaiyum kaccav
Semantically, we get certain idioms alone come together.
Nouns belonging to the rational cla when they are governed by active verbs A proceeds from he principle that it is more r

34
fe Case 1-ai/
: direct object of a verb or an indefinite
cument which are not idiomatic. It is a thout any accusative case sign as the object the original document was in Dutch, this anslates the accusative cases, makes all cases as otherwise ambiguity may arise because of om of this translation looks foreign. When 2 |-ai/ must follow.
laik kantupiticcâl.
e any ambiguity also the the accusative case
lekamampatiye ciritiukkoljukiratukku, iram põlkumițattil,
'aic cāt țināl,
kiratukku.
ämpatiye cirittukkollukiratukku, )ôkumitattil,
! câţţinăl,
ratukku.
form from a syntactical point of view, a ansitive verb. Morphologically, there are ed the so called piravinai and causals.
atât u,
tա,
takāra raiyum kūtuviccukkoļļalām.
where a verb and its appropriate object
SS generally take the accusative case sign ccording to Dr. Caldwell, “this probably atural for rational beings to act than to be

Page 61
acted upon; and hence when they do happel which they are denoted are to be taken obje
avoid misapprehension, to suffix to them
cõnakarai vaikkappațātu, aramanaiyār avarkaļait t necavukārairaiyum kaccava avaravarai antanta icami stānāpatikaļai anuppavēņ mattap pērkaļik kēļkkum yãtorutarai mannãrilê vai katankârar cakalaraiyum cakalamāna perkalaiyum
The ancient usage of using the accu exists as things that are separate (nikkal) is conjunctive participle “Vittu' follows the
polläppaivittut tavintirukl talahkaļai vițțolittuppõnāl
The accusative case denotes the di reached (ataital). But in the document the |-ai/ in the following instances.
kompañiyar vakaik kapp evurõppat tē cattilc cāliyā kutiyirukkira pēr mutal tëvaravarkal cirmaiyilë ( vel laikkārar cõnakar pat intak ku țāvilē vi! untu k
“katarkaraiyai or katarkarai atai han the above usages.
The following accusative declensio
cu vantai kottuttu vita, mün: nalla ñāyamperukiratukku ippațippaț ța vicāriippu oru yārāram paņņu kiratukku, vaittatu, oru ca kāyamum
8. Robert Caldwell,
A Comparative Grammar of the D languages, (i hir, l Editicin Repriat University of Madras, Madras. 19

35
1 to be acted upon-when the nouns by ctively-it becomes necessary, in order to
the objective case sign'.
uțaru munnitāka, takāra raiyum kūttuviccukkoļļalām, ānukku oppukkoțukka vum, țiyatāyirukkum,
pôtu,
CCl -- avarkalukku kaiyälkkavum, . . ., kaņtāl.
sative case to denote the direct object which also found in the following instances. The declined moun.
kiratukkum,
rect object which exists as things that are locative case sign /-il/ is used in place of
al allatu avarkaļ vakaik kutiyānavarkaļ „rākiya velutta manitar tannițamāyk mattak kutiyānavarkalutaiyatum rāca citi cēntu alatu katarka raiyilē ataintu, tanikalutaiya kappal urukkal campankal atarka raiyile ataintāļ.
intu or rațaintāl” would be more idiomatic
inal compounds are found in the document:-
rattorupanku mintamvittatu põka, , oru vițu kațțuviccukkoļļavum, | kuttamillãmal allaväkkippỡtalãm,
urukkata "āciyum korupp 5m, kaiyelu ttu, ceyyappațātu, piracãtam.
'ravidian or South Indian family of ). 5ნ. p. 27I.

Page 62
pettirukkira, pākkellām . . . kotámal, attanai pakkum kor cutukiratukku, attanai virak vai ttukkoļļa, āru katantupīl kallac cippi kulikkira, velai maramum vanniyuk kullalé ta kiratukku, vēlai ceykira vark yanaippanti ceykira, akappa kompaniyavukku kaiyālikkav onrukaļānālum etukkappatāt patikku, onruħ kaiyati, taħk vēronruh kotuk kira talla, utta caņtaiyilē rāca ciri tēvaravark tēvaiyāyiruntāl appõtu uttam, cañku kulikkalām, cañ kellān cāyavēr kaluviccukkoļļukira pettir uppārākavum, kēļvucila onrukal collavum, ettinańkal carakkukka tańkalurukkatat
the Third
The Third case signs are fals, fl-utan/ recognised as the social case sign. But instea /-utans alone appears, fall and 1-utans accord
1. The instrumental and ca.
2. The social ablative.
1-all may be taken up taken up for cases as ablative of reason meaning “because
yātoru kāt tuppucalinālenkilu: kalinâlen kilum katarkaraiyile yatoru perunkattu muta'ana 1 ula mata awalattinale kompi urukkal periyatu ciriyatānālu, kutiyānavarkaļ evurōppat tēc manitar tannițamāyk k uțiyiru
9.
Robert Caldwell,
A Comparative Grammar of the D languages, (Third Edition Reprint). University of Madras, Madras. 1956

36
koņtupēkappa tātu, tirvai Lțuvarappaņņa Vum, cuņņāmpu um vettuviccukkolalãm, vicãrippu
(a Vll Ill. ceyta, attanai hkaļ cilavitu vetuviccukkoļļualukku, vitu kațțukiratukku, ta cakalamum . . . utama ēņum, ottācai paņņavumpatātu u, avarkalukkumit cai uņțãkkumaukkutavi kāņpikka, kūli alāmal lma kompaniyar yātoru al vakai manuşar vēņțiyateniru a kompañiya cilavu koțukkavum
. . . ēti, turkku, ut taram .vu ottukkoțukkavēņțiyatu
avarkalitattilē kaņtā āciyilē kurit tirāma.
Case
and skontus in this document. / otus is d of /-ot u/ the so called word case sign ing to Dr. Caldwello show different case:
usal ablative.
consideration. It occurs in a majority of of'.
m allatu vēru campavippukcēntu murintupōnāl - ucalinālē alatu camu ttirattilē añiyar Vakaik kappal allatu m allatu avarkal vakaik ittilc catiyäräkiya velutta kkira pēr mutal mattak
ravidian or South Indian Family of
, pp. 275-278.

Page 63
kutiyānavarkautaiyatum rāca cēntu allatu katarkaraiyilē ata vantu citticcālum, tūttukkuțiyilēyum kāyalppațța ippātu rācaciri tēvaravarkalu pirivittu natantuvarukiratinäli campuvittāl munnālē nāyakka tónikalin mannimai mariyata kițaikkum.
There is a trace of the ancient language the instrumental and the social.
uttama kompaniyavir pelatti pirittatē uņtānāl.
This is evidently a translation retainin tevaravarkal pit it tal' may give us a better Tan
The other idiom which has developed tendency consists in using the word case sign o |-als. The Tamil idiom is to use -kontus wi instances of such usage and two instances wher collurupu 1. koņtu.
cenkalkontu vitu katti attai 1 atai nalla oppinaikorqtu poyy tañkal yāpāram paņņukiratu vicârippu vaittukkollac ceyy tańkal pelattaikkontu muyar camaiyańkalilē utavicceyya. The collurupu /-utans occurs in the following
nalla parāpa ripputanē pāt tul rācaciri tēvaravarkaļutanē ca tańkalutaiya muluppelattutar cakala kațaiyārattuțanē koll kataiyārattutanē kaiyālikka, kalappatavukalutanē katalp nemitta talahkalaivittolitupp inta oppācārattutanē uttama talankalile veţţappökatu. The instrumental declensional compound is f
aVaravar. kotukkattakka cu urukkaļ . . . mulutum rācaci

37
ciri tēvaravarkaļ cĩrmaiyilē intu allatu kappal murivāka
iņattilēylum martum talankaļilēyum :aiya paripālanattin kilē
yātoru calāpańkal vantu ravarkaļukku kotu ttiruntatupōlē kaļ rācaciri tēvaravarkalukkun
where the same case sign was used for both
nālē rācaciri tēvaravarkaļ
g the foreign idiom, “pelattoțu rācaciri nil idiom.
in the language because of the new analytic
r collurupu /-kontus for the third case sign
th the un inflected moun. We have three e the noun is declined before taking the
muļļukkoņtu vēli ataitukkoļalām, enru kaņtāl, kku vellai manitaraikkontu
alām,
cikkut takkatu ippațikkotta
instances:-
kolla,
ntai kotukka,
ē utavicceyya, ai pariyāy ețuttukkoļlappațum,
irattālē cõtinaikku kața nāna, Jyp pāmpanilē mutukināl, kompaniyar yanaippanti ceykira
pund in two instances.
"antai, :i tēvaravakaļ etutukkoļļappatum

Page 64
The Dative C
In this legal document, the dative case jargon. The dative case expresses “for the
examples:-
cayavēr kalliviccukkoļlukira kāriyańkaļai ariyappaņņukir vēņtiyatāyir ukkum, uttama
tukku vel laimanutaraik koņtu nilainirkappaņņukiratukkuñ c apamānakaļaiyelām cinēka ntam orumurai kurainatu tā vēņțiyatāyirukkum, avara var : tavintirukkiratukkumu tanē a oru urukkațatāciyum koț") pp tankaļ yāpāram paņņu kiratu avarkal tarceyalāka na nimai kaccavațakāra raiyum kluțțuv ventiyatäyirunta attanai vira vitu kattukiratukku vēņtiyatā tankal cilavittu vettiviccuk. vakaip pākkuk karpittiyilē mūnru paņai kotukkavum,
koțukkavum, carakku vakail kotuttuvitavum, ilahkai ay ovvoru potikku mūnru paņa
The ancient usage of the dative as de occurs in the document.
carakkilopole uruviletânuñ ce иmunnale nayakkaravarka luk mariyātankaļ rāca ciri tēvara kalukkum a var kall vakaik ku mattayaparaňka lukkellam o ko tukkavum, vēlai ceyta pēru
"Hand over poss assions or persons to moun in the dative.
munnākapattaņattilē kotutt kutiyilē oppuvikkavēņtiyatu kā malmunnuļļa valappati

38
ase /-ku/
is very frequently used to express the legal sake of or purpose' in the following
tukku uttäram pettiruppäräkavum, yatoru atukku atikamāy stānā patikaļai anuppakompaniyar tankaļ yāpāram paņņukiravicārippu vaitukkoļļac ceyyalām, cinēkam ;it tikkira cakala pinnapetakankal mutalana mām patiyē ciritukkolļukiratukku varusāmal yirupurattu stänäpatikalai anuppapalla nayam perukiratukkum pollappaivittut ttai arikkaipannaventiyatu, itu kariyattukku lõm, uttama kompaniyat tunpamillãmalt kkum pinnapetam vantu cittiya apatikku yākat tāttiyirunta pati necavukāraraiyum iccukkollalām, cuņņām pu cuțukiratukku akum vetuviccukkolļalām, tafikalutaiya yirunta attanai maram um vanniyukkuļļālē kollukiratukku uttāram untu, kompañiyar viruntu pām panāru katantupāratukku . . . ovvoru potikku āvantirvai onraraip paņai «alukkellam ayantirvai mura maiyin patiye 'antirvaikku muppatinayiram pakkakira ň koțukkavum.
noting the recipient of some object also
mpāti rāca ciri tēvaravarkaļukku kitaikkum, ku kotuttir untatiupõlē tõņikalin, mannimai "arkalukku ñ kitaikkum, racaciri “evaravariyanavarkalukkum urukkatataci kot uppJm, eoru talattile mãttiram, ãyantir vai cevvãran kkuk kūli alāmal vēronru kotukkiratalla.
Noun one' is translated by putting the
pațikku uttama kompañiya rukkut tūttukoru cańkānālum va țapiramākak, koņțup -- patiye cakalamum utt uma kompañiyarukku

Page 65
kajyāļikkavēņțiyatu anta u kataiyārattutanē kaiyālikka rācciri tēvaravarkalutaiya ka iyalikkawenum, araman karar cakalaraiyum avarka icamänukku oppukkotukki
. . “To a place' - the place of destir The sense of “limit' or “ellai' is expresse adding an adverb of place like "appal', et
wan kalattukkuk kontup5y, yätoru turaimukankalukku vatapiramakac cañku kuli ēyiruntu pām panāru vaļ nôkkatukku munpâka ra! cāyavēr, vālinõkkattu mur kira cankellam.
“What is within the jurisdiction the noun in the dative and it is to be “kit patinta”.
rả caciri tẽvaravarkalukku kira talankalile, racacir talankaļilē.
When anything is assigned or or for any person or place or act, the dati
cimaikalilē natakkira va vațakāra rum națattu vicci kalu tanē katalpirattālē vițțolittuppJy.
The idea of certifying and compa the document. The original is put in th is used.
ituyińkē tūttukkuțic cakk kattukkuc cariyāyirukki vaikkirõm.
The parties to whom the terms dative.

39
“uvaiyum mun collappatțirukkirapați muluk k katavatayirukkum, akappatta cakalamum manusar pitittu utama kompaniyavukkuk aiyar uttama kompañiyar vakaik kāțanulukku kaiyalikkavum, avaravarai antanta
vum vēņtiyatu.
lation or station is also put in the dative. d by putting the noun in the dative and
C.
atirāmapattaņattukkuk koņtuvarukira, vērē k koņtupā kappatātu, vālinākkattukkappāl kkalām, antak katatura ikkappālt tūrattiliyākak koņtup5ra kaccavatakārar, vāli micuramațţumirukkira tivukalile vilukira ıtalukkut tenpiram maqappatuvarai kuli k
of Noun one' is expressed by putting followed by the verb “natakkira' or
natakkira talafikalile, tahkalukku nataki tevaravarkaļukkuk kitppaținta martta
dained or fixed as proper and obligatory Ve is used.
cakala vitak kattalaippirakarattukkuiñ lappattin pirakarattukkufi cakala kaccaukkollavéntiyatäyirukkum, kallappatavuc5tinaikku katanāna nēmitta talankaļai
ring the copy with the original occurs in e dative and the verb “cariyāyirukkira”
atatariyavilē yirukkira kontarâttup potta:apatikku nâñkal yitin kile kaiyeluttu
of the treaty are binding are put in the

Page 66
irupirattir kutiyāna varkaļukku kalilē matu māttiraiyāna katalē vakaik kluțiyānavarkalukkum
varkaļukkum mattiyilē yātoru
“The persons or parties as belonging the noun in the dative and the verb “centa
răcaciri tēvaravarkaļukkuc Ce kalukkat utta cakala evurül kappalkal.
The dative case denotes the object c
“virõtamāka or virtamāy” - This v dative, the noun denoting the person or thi
aramanaiyārukku virJtamāka
vantu citticcāļ itukku vir collavum tirumpak kēļkkav rācaciri tēvaravarkalukkum 1
The dative is used to denote the ol these instances.
avarkalukku uttama kom ottâcai panrqavum patâtu, av pelattaikkoņțu muyarcikkut uta vicceyya ventiyatäyirukkun vikkappatätu, avarkalukkumit vicuvācamāka vum tēțavum, ukkum.
The ancient use of the genitive is th the rational class. “enatu” makan” is not p{ idiom is to perfer the dative to the genitive al by the noun as in “nattukkut talaivan'. Her
intiya vennappațța cintu tē kalukkuk kuverinatörum tire
pilavarkaļ mikutiyum uttama awarkal mutal intiya Vennap
ākiya cimār avarkaļitamākap oru pakkamāka vum rāmēcu: mattac cirmaika Jukkum coy, avarkal marupakkamākavum

4 J
m avaravar cirmaikalile turaimukahtu untayirukkavum, uttama kompaniyar rācaciri tēvaravarkaļ vakaik kutiyānatarkavātamuņtānāl.
to Noun one' is expressed by putting
99
or “at utta' is used.
nta cakala turaimukan kalileyum, avarppaikkararakiya vellai manitarutaiya
if enmity in following examples.
2rb is proceded by the noun in the ng opposed.
yātoru tapputta varu kalilē viļukiratāka tamāy rāca ciri tēvaravarkaļ onrukaļ umpațātu. uttama kompañiyarukkum, mattiyilē murivu illāma l.
bject for which an action is done in
pañiya oru cakāyamum ceyyappațātu arkalukku uttama kompañiyar tañikal
takkatu ippatikkotta camaiyan kaļilē l, avarkalukku yätoru annitankal natattucai uņțākkumpați anniyaonniyamākavum tanka Jukkutavi kāņpikka vēņtiyatāyir
at it should be followed by a no un in 'rmissible. In these instances, the Tamil hough the sense of possession is expressed in below are a few other such instances:-
attukku alJcanaip perum matta talanyitórumakiya uttama cennor lorercup
cefin5r k3verinator yena räl makaraca pațța cintu tēcattukku ālij canaippörka" potu vāna uttama kompaññiyar stānattilē am pāņți maņțalam mu'al atarkațutta kattanāna cirimatu cētu pati kātta tēvar talankaļilē pēci.

Page 67
The following dative decensiona
uttama kompahiyar yāto manus ar vēņtiyatenru tēva
The Ab
The ablative of motion is disting this does not differ from the locative exc /-ninru/ suffixed to the case sign /-il/. C is not only followed by verb of motion ( sign I-ilt iruntus in majority of cases. document.
kompañiyar vakaip pãkku ratukku, an tak kațaturail koņtupōratukku, avatattil ilappākkukku, intak ka ovvomrukku.
The following are instances of th nation of the ablative case, meaning “from
uttama cenõr koverimatõ. vennappațța cintu tēcattuk itamāka, rāmēcuram pāņi maikalukkum coyakattanā mutal urukkaļ pām panāttilē cātiyārāki ya velutta manita kutiyänavarkalutaiyatum r maņiyakārar mutal kattaļai põtu.
The instrumental case sign 1-all is ablative of motion in four instances.
malaiyalattale Warukira kali apațavukalutane kațalpiral aivittoļituppōyp pāmpanil tāka vantu citticcāl.
The compound case sign of 1-kus the expression “from Vanni'.

4.
l compound is found in the document:-
ru caņțaiyilē irãcaciri tēvaravarka vakai iyāyiruntāl,
ative Case
lished in Tamil as the fifth case but really cept for the word case sign f-iruntu / or Dne may state therefore the ablative of motion or transfer but has also the expanded case '-il + ninrus does not appear at all in the
ik karpittiyiléyiruntu pâmpanâru katantupökappālt tūrattilēyirutu pāmpanāru vaļiyākak iruntu atirāmapattaņattukkuk koņtuvarukira taturaiyiliruntu varukira appatippatta poti
e use of the particle /-mutal/ as a termi
henceforth”.
yena rāl makarācā avarkaļ mutal intiya ku ālõcanaip pērkaļākiya cimār avarkalși maņțalam mutal atarkațutta matta cirna cirimatu cētupati kātta tēvar, pataikkappal yātoru tirvai kotāma, evurōppat tēcatilc tannitāmāyk kutiyirukkira pēr mutal mattak ācaciri tēvaravarkaļ cēntu, avarkaļ vakai yitappattirukkira mattap pērkaļaik keļkkum
*
used instead of /-il iruntul to express the
ippākku, attālē varukira kēļvucilavu, kallttālē cōtinaikku katanāna nēmitta talankaļē mutukināl, iru pirattālē yātorutar kāņkira
+ Irul/ -- fail is used once to translate

Page 68
attanai maramum vanniyu
a better way of expressin
The Gen
The genitive case or the sixth case e |-utaiya/ are the two case signs that are f The Tamill idiom is to avoid the use of is the only case which is followed by a prefers forming a compound of these twc of being placed first becomes an attribut
pataikkappal, katarkarai, tankal pelattai, tańkal uru yapparai, uttama kompañi tēvaravarkaļ kā laikaļilē, vaikku, kompañiyar vaka
The old genitive case sign is /-a
in the text.
tanatu cilavu, tanatu ma
The analytic tendency replaced thi:
tankalutaiya mu luppelattu kalutaiya tecattile, aramaı Veļļai manitaruțaiya kap tēvaravarkaļutaiya manus
But the document also affords insta form of the noun with the inflexion I-ins.
genitive case sign.o.o
pārin nilankaļilē, tāņikaļi yavin pērai, uttama komp
- The loca
What is expressed by the English /-il/, the case sign of the locative or the se governed by 'in' in English. It will be
Jo, Robert Caldwell,
A Comparative Grammar of the D languages, (Third Edition Reprint University of Madras, Madras. 9.

42
kkuļļālē tankaļ cilavitu vettivicukkoļļukkirtittivittukkollukiratukku' should have been g it.
itive Case
xpresses possession. -atus and the collurupu ound in the document for the genitive case. the genitive case sign. The genitive case nother noun. Therefore the Tamil idiom nouns and then the first by its very fact e. The genitive noun is usually an attribute.
ilappālkku, carakkuyāpāram, tañkal manitar kkațatāci, tańkal yāpāram, uttama kompañiya cirmaikalilē, avarka vakai, avarkaļ pēril, rāca ciri tēvaravarkaļ cilavu, ilankai āyantiric culippu.
tul, but this is used only in four instances
nitar, tanatu carakku tanē, tanatu kappalilē.
s particle -atus by a word /-utaiyaf. This
tanē, tankaļutaiya vitu, rāca ciri tēvaravar1aiyāru taiya kālattile, yāpārikaluțaiya urukkal »palkaļ, pat tāņikaļu taiya kappa, rāca ciri ar, kutiyanavarkalutaiya kappal.
ances of the more ancient usage of the oblique This is according to Dr. Caldwell, an old
n mannimai mariyātańkaļ, uttama kompañi
ñiyavin pelattinālē
tive Case
preposition 'in' is translated by suffixing venth case as is called in Tamil to the noun thus seen that fifth case is only the “il'
ravidian or South Indian family of ): 56, pp. 259, 26II and 293.

Page 69
with “iruntu' for the preposition "from also person in the sense of “at which shown by something taking place with
“Among their men' is translated
tańkaļ vakai manitaril. “ miñiyiruntatukalil.
To their credit' is translated by p
avarkaļ pēril.
The word case sign /-kill meaning taking either the empty morpheme lattus c
paripāla nattiin kill, itin ki
The collurupu (-vali) occurs with
pām panāru vaļiyāka.
stänattil, mattiyil, pirattil, talankali, talatti, pār kațarkaraiyil, cara kkuk mannäril, cimaiyil, vitattil kā lati, kompahiya vil, vakaiyil.
/-itam
When the noun is epicene plural, expanded form /-itattil/ to mean "from t
neter.
avarkalitam tannitam, avar kalițattil, uttama ko ițat til.
The dative is used in place of loc
eļukaraituraikkum tuppā
GE
Neuter Sil
In the document, all the forms finite verbs. There are no negative for show any tense. There are only a few present tense forms and past tense forms verbal nouns. If the actions are past act:

43
''. This 'ill' is added not only to place but is sometimes put in the dative and action reference to the action or during the action).
by putting the noun for men in the locative.
Dut of' is translated by f-il/. antac cankukalil.
utting the noun for name in the locative.
; “under' also expresses location. The noun |r -in/ alone is followed by /-ki/.
!.
the noun for river in one instance.
/-il/
turaimukañkalil, cimaikalil, tecattil, avatattil, mpanattil, kalankalil, camuttirattil, tannil, alili, urukkali), atirama patta pattil, atil,
, caņțaiyil, kappalil, tiivukalil, tūttukkuțiyil, cakkațattēriyavil, kolumpil, tapputtavarukalil,
+ /-il/
the locative case sign is either /-ițam/ or the hem' or "to them'. It also occurs in the
mpañiyäritattil,
-ative in the following instance.
ciyãkiya anthoniyu mentis
N D ER
ngular /tu/
taking the neuter singular suffix /-atu/ are ns. Forms like “takka-tu” do not nowadays uture tense forms as in 'katava-tu'. The
seem to predominate. These are used as s, past tense is used. If they are continuous

Page 70
tacts, the present tense is used. The singul concrete acts are denoted, then these form: plurals. It is because of the legal jargon cation of these: forms, occurring as nouns.
kotukkira-tu, paņņukirakatantupora-tu, tavintiruk tu, vițukira-tu, kāņkira-tul vitta-tu, konta-tu, pititta-t
Apart from these are real neuter 1 the plural suffix occur as palpaka akrinai, the singular and plural for neuter in their
tēcam, maņtalam, utampi kolai, paņam, carakku, pa piņakku, ka tatāci, vēlai,
ñāyam, vitu, viraku, cim vilai, virôtam, niluvai, c pakkam, muramai, vakai, maram, poy, tivu, katan,
Neuter P
The singular forms of neuter no plural suffix f-kals. The ancient literary suffix for the singular. In the akrithai, |-ai/. In this document /-ka/ is added t before /-ka/ becomes in in talanka, kari
turai mukaňkal, vakaikal, talańkaļ, kāriyańkaļ, kap kaļ, pārukaļ, ettinaika
There are certain usages which sol Tamil to use the nouns kalam, apamanam, of plural suffixes. But in the document, apamanafikal, and camaiyankal, perhaps of foreign concepts. Even the numeral “c in two in stances to be , pluralised as “on
minciyiruntatukal (instead of minic plural skals is added to the aeuter singu

44
ar is used as an abstract verbal noun. If s are pluralised, Please see the neuter of this document that one has a multipli
u, perukira-tu, visukira-tu, cutukira-tu kira-tu, vetuviccukkolukira-tu, katukira l, kalliviccukkolukira-tu, kotuttirunta-tu, l, vaitta-tu, ciriya-tu, periya-tu, katava-tu.
nouns which except as shown here as taking i.e., as showing no difference between morphological forms.
tikkai, murivu, āru, katļai, pākku, tirvai, hku , yāpāram, kappal, uru, calapam, caņțai, utavi, küli, cenkal, mullu, kollai, avätam, ai, cilavu, caku, kuttam, vēr, uttāram, ulippu, cippi, aripilaku, parai, oppinai, āyam, cakāyam, kutā, karai, turai, kațal» vēli, cuņņāmpu, cōtinai, vicārippu.
ural /—kaļ/
uns are pluralised by the addition of the way of pluralising is to substitute the plural the singular was -tus and the plural suffix o pluralise the singular noun. The final-m yañkal, etc.
cankukal, yaparaikal, patavukal, tonikal. palkaļ, campānka, tīvukaļ, tapputtavaļ, cirmaikal, pinnapētakaňkal,
und foreign to Tamil. It is idiomatic in
annitam and camayam without the addition these forms are pluralised as kalathkal on account of their being translations of
nru' which cannot be pluralised is found puka”. er
iyiruntavai) is an instance where the neuter lar /-tu /.

Page 71
If the word preceding 1-kall end karam, the k doubles.
campavippukkal, carakk
Words of two open short syllab
double.
The Masculine Sin
In this legal document, to den be used not as honorific plural but as a to all gender. That is how the plural f is are only one instance in the loan w a masculine singular suffix.
Epicene I
The uyartiņai words also are dea category. In the epicene, the plural suffi way. avan > avar, etc. But one cannc
But if the morphological pattern is roc explained as cakala-an. This is the mo
kompañiyar, manuşar, in põtakar, tamilar, parav:
The noun “canam' (from Sansl |-kall. But here it is found to take f
Epicene F
There are three words in the uya them end in -i.
stānāpatikaļ, pattāņikaļ,
Epicene P
There is only one instance of the
с.
Epicene
The are also other words plurali. f-air, which has come to be considered ar forms for all these will end in the ma
cātiyār,

45
s in what the grammarians call kurriyalu
ukkal. les ending in 'u' make the 'k' of |-kals
ikkal.
gular Rational /-an/
ote any person, the epicene plural came to term which will be colourless and common orms are overwhelming in number. There ord from Sanskrit, “kattan'' where we have
Plural 1-ar/
ilt with similarly as those of the akrinai x 1-arf is substituted for 1-an/ in the ancient ot have the masculine singular for cakalar.
pt plus masculine suffix, this also can be rphotactics of all these forms.
hanitar, orutar, oruvar, cantirātittar, turar, conakar, kolaipâtakar, evar, avar.
crit, jana) usually takes the plural suffix arf in “tut.canar'
"lural /-kaļ/
rtinai with the plural suffix /-kals. Two of
pērkaļ.
lural /-mār|
use of the epicene plural 1-marl.
mār
Plural J-ar
ied in the ancient way. The suffix here is allomorph of -arf. The singular masculine sculine suffix /-ān/, cātiyān, etc. (
ramanaiyār.

Page 72
Epicene PI
There are a number of words will be karan. If “kar' is isolated, -an the plural -ar is substituted for an. This kind of pluralising is according t
kaccavațakārar, vel laikkä ēruppaikkārar, catimānk
Doubl
There are forms in which there form without the second plural suffix to start with democratic enough-the m explains why 'kattan'' which is used wi for referring to the king. Later on, so honorific singular.
f-ar/
avarka mattavarkal, ku In the following instances /-ar/
lorencup pilavarkaļ, rāc tēvar avarkaļ, nāyakk
avarkal.
Gende Uyartiņai
Singular pl
ran honorific
-ar + kall

ural . /-kārar/
with the suffix |-kārars. Here the singular will remain as the masculine suffix. In his “kair' has become very productive.
the old grammatical rule.
rar, katañkärar, necavukârar, maqiyakarar, rar, parañkikkarar.
e Plurais
are two plural suffixes. That is because the is felt to be singular. The language was ascul ne singular was used for all. This th reference to God, is used in the document cial stratification led to the formation of
+ 1-kal/
tiyānavarkaļ, ceykinravarkaļ.
+ /-kaļ is used honorifically.
a ciri tēvaravarkaļ, cirimatu cētu pati kātta aravarkal, kõvèrinatõr yenarāl makaraca
r Suffixes
Akriņai
ural
L singular plural ir -tu kall mār - tu + ka Kal
ar + kall

Page 73
P R O N
The Derived Pronouns can be cla: Demonstrative, Interrogative and those wh now used as what may be called adverbs of pl Pronouns can be subdivided into Remote, P (Uyartinai) falls into three sections, Masculin Class (Akriņai) falls into two sections, Si
In the documentary materials, we Demonstrative Pronouns, we have only th
Rem
av ~ a is the hase here. The rem suffixes /-arl and /-kal/. There is an id 'avar'' is repeated and these two are plac cimaikalile' etc. “avar' occurs in four ir to mean “their respective”. In one instal the accusative case sign /-aif. Excluding th to /-ar/ in fourteen instances. The case to these double plural suffixes.
Coming to Akrinai, we have the form taking the case signs /-ail and /-al/ respe loses the final-u when taking the case sig The suffixing of /-ku/ which is the dativ final vowel and at the same time take th any plural in the Akrinai.
“anta” is another free or commo This occurs as what may be called an ad these forms as expansions of the demons repeated to form “antanta” meaning “tho
Prox
Next, one can discuss the proxi
demonstrative pronouns. In the documen Feminine and Epicene of the Superior Cla
“itu” is the form for the singula It takes the dative case sign /-ku/ with /-an/ and loss of final -u in two instanc the proximate section. Corresponding to “ in the proximate section occurring twice.

47
O.U.N S
sified into three main - categories, namely ich had become more or less indeclinables ace, time and manner. The Demonstrative roximate and Mediate. The Superior Class e, Feminine and Epicene and the Inferior
ngular and Plural.
have no Mediate Pronouns. Coming to the e epicene section in the superior category.
hote
ote a- comes in the epicene with the plural iom for translating “their respective [noun]. ed immediately before the noun. 'avaravar Istances reduplicated and without case signs nce, the reduplicated form “avaravar” takes e honorific singular, /-kal/ comes in addition signs f-ais, 1-ku/ and /-itat til/ are affixed
"attu' only in the accusative and instrumental ctively. We have the form “atu” which :ns |-ai/, s-kus and I-il/ (atai, atarku, atil). 2 case sign makes the base “atu' lose the e empty morpheme f-ans. We do not have
n form occurring fourteen times in the text. jective. The orthodox grammarians describe trative base. In two instances, “anta” is se respective”.
imate
mate pronoun-the second section of the t, there are no forms in both Masculine,
ISS.
r in the Akrinai. It occurs eight times. out any addition of the empty morpheme es (itukku). There are no plural forms in anta“ of the remote section, we have “inta”

Page 74
interrogati
a, e and ya are the bases that is the epicene form which comes only on of the older form 'yar'. With the base a solitary instance. The interrogative pro It is found to occur in a bound form in twen nouns of numbers “oruvar” and "ortatar'
Primary
With the Primary Pronouns whic them in the following manner:-
1. Free forms.
2. Bound forms which can be occurring as the first part c as forms taking case signs.
3. There are three Persons whic
First
There is no singular form in the 'nankal' is used only in one instance t document as a true copy of the one dra suffix /-kall affixed to the base "nam' b addressed.
− Secon
The document being of a legal and b use of the third person consistently. As suc in its text.
Third
"tan' is the free form and 'tan singular. The oblique form "tan' takes |-af in “tanatu' is regarded as the old : was lost, another case sign was added. occurs as an expletive qualifier.
The bound form “tafikal” is deri /-kals. It has a frequency of nine. It occ and the locative case sign /ill and twice

48
ve o Pronouns
come as interrogative bases in the text. 'air' ce without any case sign. It is a mutation e-, the epicene form 'evar' is found in 'noun formed with the base ya- is yatu'. ty-one instances. It occurs with the derived
and the numeral adjective 'oru'.
Pronouns
h occur in the document, one can classify
subdivided into two divisions. One as f the compound and the other as occurring
:h are classified as Singular and Plural.
Person
: document. The first person plural form o refer to the interpreters who certified the fted at Tutucorin Secretariate. The plural ecomes "nafikal' and it excludes the persons
Person
ilateral nature between two governments makes 1, there are no forms for the second person
Person
is the bound form for the third person the case signs /-atus in four instances. The ixth case sign to which when its significance "tan' has lost its singular significance and
ed by shortening 'tām” to 'tam” and adding ur once with the genitivo collurupu /uțaiya with the dative case sign /-ku/.

Page 75
Pronouns |
We have occurrences of av— in colloquial as explained under phonology from this, there are no pronouns denoti “inku' which belongs to the proximate
Pronouns
'ellam' and “cakalam' are the totality. “el'am” means “all, personal a eight. “cakalam' has a frequency of Sanskrit, sa-kala. It also occurs once sign f-ai/ (cakalara).
U
Kinds of Base Masculine
Prono uns Form Case
Demonstrative
Remote 总
interrogative
a
C
Pronoun

Denoting Place
the compound form 'avatam'. This form is
and the classical base is “avvitam.' Apart ing place in the remote category. The form occurs once taking the expletive particle -e.
of Totality
forms which occur to express the sense of ind impersonal'. “ellam' has a frequency of eleven. The latter is a loan word from in the uyartinai taking the accusative case
yartiņai
Feminine Epicene Sign Form Case Sign Form Case Sign
avar +- ai avarkal + ai , +ku
, +itattik
air
eWar
of Totality
cakalar -- ai

Page 76
AK1
Kinds of Base Singular Pronouns Form + Case Sigi
Demonstrative
Remote atu + ai
a tu +ai /attai/ atu -- a |attāl/ atu -- ku /atarku/ atu + il Proximate i itu + ku
situkkul
Interrogative ya yātu
Pronouns D
Remote AV ANV ,
Proximate i
Pronouns
el
Person & Number Free Forms
C
First Person Plural nafikal
Second Person
Third Person
(a) Singular tān
(b) Plural

50
iņai
Plural Compound Form -- Case Sign Form Form
anta
inta
enoting Place
aVaan iňku +ě
of Totality 霊 an kalam چیعے
Bound Forms
Dccurring as the first Occurring as forms part of the compound taking case signs
tannițiam tamatu
tańka manitar tańkalukku tańkal pelattai tańkalutaiya
tańkal turai takaļilē taňkal yaparam tańka vakai

Page 77
NI U M
Car
The numerals fall into two maj. The Cardinal numbers have two forms, The bound form occurs in compounds an be classified into those based on multipl number are formed by adding personal
numbers.
(
'onru' is the free form and 'or in the document. The form 'onru' can
form “oru” or “õr” can precede it. It never occurs and 'oru' alone occurs.
of numbers with the third person singula form but "orutar' is the colloquial form, th
form 'iyatu' is compounded with the bc in the following instances. These reveal
ceasing to refer to number, has the whatsoever'.
yātoru kolaipāta kar
s urukkal , annitankaļ 99 caņtai
p tir vai
p ettinaħkal
“oru” is reduplicated and the p compound in the form “oreoru' to me meaning “each' occurs thrice. It is f 'onru'. “oru' occurs in the compound 'poti onrukku' is the only instance in the
"irantu' is the free form and rantu', the colloquial form of "irantu occurs in the compound number of additi “iru” i occurs thrice.
II. In kalittokai, the masculine si
P. Poologasingłaam, A Critical Analysis of the Lan Thesis submitted to the Unive in 1965. (unpublished.) p. 2"

51
E R A S
r categories, called Cardinals and Ordinals. amely the free form and the bound form. l in derived nouns. Compound numbers can cation and addition. Nouns derived from indings to the bound forms of the Cardinal
) nru.
1" is the bound form. There are both forms not precede the substantive and only its short
is a peculiarity of the document that 'or' It occurs in five instances in derived nouns
r suffix (orutar, oruvar). “oruvar' is the old ough as old as Kalittokai. The interrogative
und form "oru' and is followed by a noun the new development of an idiom where “oru”
meaning of "any the noun used after it)
yātoru kāriyahkaļ
kappal calāpańkal maņiyakārar p cātiyār 9 kāttu
article -es is added to the first part of the an “only one'. The distributive 'ovvoru' brmed by combining “oru' the bound form of
number of addition, "patinoru' 10+1=11). locument of a numeral following a substantive.
raņtu
“iru” is the bound form. In the document is found in one instance. “irantu' also on, “panirantu' (10+2= 12). The bound form
Bular form ʻʻottanʼʼ (

Page 78
Mī
The free form is “munru' and the shortened form “mu' and not 'mi' as in " instance of multiplication. “mūnru” oc “patimunru” (10+3=13).
Nā
“nanku' is the free form accor the bound form. In the document, instead form of this numeral is used. It is used
“patinālu” (10 + 4= 14).
Ail
Only the form “aincu' is found the compound number of addition, “pat
Arl
The free form “aincu' occurs wi bound form “aru' does not occur at a compound number of addition, 'patinar
ēlu
“elu' is the free form and “elu once and the latter occurs twice.
The free forms, “ettu' and “onpat
ayir
The highest numeral which occu found only in the compound numb (10x30x 1000s-30,000). This is the only in plication and it occurs twice,
Or
Ordinals are formed by adding
In the text both l-avatus and fams are
the numerals, two, three, four, five, six, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen. numeral eight. “mutal' is the Ordinal
mutalāvatu, raņtāvatu, ēlāvatu, etāvati, on patā patimūnrāvatu, patinālāva
The numeral “onru' follows the onrukku). In al other instances, the n

52
hl
bound form is “mu'. We have only the mūvēntar, etc. “muppatu” (10X3=30) is an urs in the compound number of addition
iing to traditional grammar and “nal” is
99
once with the compound number of addition,
htu
This form is colloquial. It occurs in inaňcu” (10+5=15).
th the ordinal suffix in one instance. The l in the text. “aru' is also found in the u' (10+6=16).
99
'' is the bound form. The former occurs
u’ are only found in the ordinal category.
al
rs in the document is “ayiram' and it is r of multiplication, "muppatinäyiram” stance of a compound number of multi
dinas
bither -ams or f-avatul to the Cardinals. used. The suffix, F-avatus comes only for seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve The suffix /-ams is occurring once with the form for the numeral one.
mūnrāvatu, nālāvatu, aincāvatu, ārāvatu, atu, pattāvatu, patinorāvatu, paniraņțāvatu, tu, patinañcāvtu, patinārā vatu.
substantive “poti” in one instance (poti |merals precede the substantives.


Page 79
Fra
“arai”” meaning “half" is found. “onru' and precedes the substantive “p means “half' is found and it is derive. consonant and the lengthening of the v central vowel “a'. one-third is expresse to the numeral “munru' and combinin pańku]). Two-third is expressed by su: numeral 'munru' and combining it
pahku). The former occurs once and fractions precede the the substantive “p:
vN Car
器 ಕ್ವಿಖ್ಖರೆ In the ဒွိုင့Pou! Ο IIY. O free forms bon
Omrll OTU poti onrukku ΟΥ
9
s
s
s
s
3
9:
s' raņtu iru ir
s: mūnru l mūnru paņam nãñku nāl añcu añ āru elu elu eţţu Onpatu pattu patin
pan
äyiram

Ctions
53
It occurs as a compound with the numeral
nam' in two instances.
'pati' which also
from "pakuti' by the elison of the medial owel after the bilabial plosive p' into long by suffixing the empty morpheme |-attul
g it with the bound form “oru”
(mūnrattoru
fixing the empty morpheme |-attus to the with the bound form “iru” (mūnrattiru
the latter twice in the text. Both these lňku*".
dinais
S Compound Numbers of ES, Multiplication Addition
u vitu patinoru
cempāti cakâyam urukkațatāci | caňku
vitattil talattil , murai panku kuttam pakkam u pirattil
panku
muppatu patimunru
patinālu patinañcu pati naru
patinoru paniraņțul patimunru patinālu patinañcu patinaru
muppatināyiram


Page 80
Without Suffix -avatu, -aim
mutal-avatu.
ratņt-āVatu
mür-a Watu
nal-avatu
aic-avatu
air-avatu.
e-avatu.
et-avatu eftām
onpat-avatu
patt-avatu patinor-avatu panirant-avatu patimunr-avatu patinal-avatu patinatic-avatu
patinar-avatu
Frac
onrarai-p-p pāti
mūinattOTlu mūnrattiru
V E R B A L.
The document affords instances O 1. Lengthening of the vowel
in compound words.
mārupațu > mārtap
2. Doubling of the plosive and it may be described as t plosive.
piņafiku > piņakku

54
Derived Nouns of Number
Orutar
OWa.
"
tions
aņam
pańku pańku
N O U NS
f the following types of verbal nouns:-
of the initial syllable of the verbal roots
aţu
the loss of the preceding nasal. Otherwise, he conversion of the nasal into a homorganic


Page 81
3. Doubling of the plosive
kaţalöţu > kaţalöţţi
4. Doubling of the plosive
1-am/ is added.
miñcu > miccu --
The ordinary formula for the for with the usual rules for glides, disappear consonants in roots following a single sh
5.
Addition of Suffixes of
Root
Ul taVt
kol
pațiu
vil ataíttukkol allavakkippotu kā
kuli (1>1)
cilavali cc) vil
vittukkol (rr> tt) ari (shortened form of arivi
uțanpațiu
nampu
poruttu
muyal
vilaku
Vicāri
polā
campavi
parapari
piri (r > r)
muri
cel V cela > cila
tir
nil

)
55
when not preceded by a nasal.
when the preceding nasal is lost thereby and
am = miccam
'mation of the verbal neun is root + suffix
ance of kurriyalukaram, the doubling of the ort syllable.
Verbal Nouns,
Suffix Verba Noun
i utavi
ai kolai patai Vilai al ataittukkolal
allavakkippÓtal kāval kulikkal cilavalikkal Sy ceyyal - go- națattu viccukkollal
gr Virkal s vittukkollal ka tițanpațiu ο utampitikkai
y nampikkai 参魏 poruttikkai ci muyarci tal vilakutal
pul vicāriippu 9. pollāppu 蒙罗 campavippu ys parāpariippu W pirivu s murivu
cilavu vai tir vai
niluvai


Page 82
in the meaning called by Tamil grammarians the agent, the instrument, the object of t attempted to distinguish amongst these suf and agency suffix.
cantai and the loan word from S They cannot be segmented and traced to
As already explained, the verbs w in this document as verbal nouns. They
M O R P H
/2/ V
PAST TENSE CONU
The conjunctive participle or or the Jules Bloch is formed in the following v
1. Reduplication of the final co,
-ţu, pâţupaţu > pâţupaţţu, viţ mēr põțu > mērpõțțu, pir
2. Suffixing some particle or sigr
і - рёс-u + i > pёci, kaiyat-u- paņņ-u+i > paņņi, tapp
u - piti+tt+u > pitittu, vai+ vi1u + nt + u > vi1untu, at
y - olittuppõ+y > olittuppõy,
koll + t + u > koņțu. Here morph t > t.
en + t + u > enru. Th The negative verbal parti to the root.
il-+ amal > illamal, all koņțupõ + ku + ālmall> k mal, kuraipatuttu + am tirāmai, cātu +āmal c põkämal.
I2. Jules Bloch,
The grammatical Structure Deccan College Post-gradu. Poona, 954. p. 87

not often denote the action. By a shift , “toilaku peyar', they have come to denote he act, etc. Therefore it has not been fixes as instrumental suffix, objective suffix
anskrit, cótinai are by nature verbal nouns.
verbal roots.
with the neuter singular suffix /-tu/ are used may seen under neuter singular /-tu/.
O O GY
ERBS
NcTVE PARTICIPLE
w
past verbal participle called the absolute by way:-
nsonant of verbal themes which end in
u > Vittu,
viţu > piriviţţu.
of past time.
hi > kaiyäti, katt-u+i > katti, u + i > tappi, coll-lu + i > colli.
• tt -- u > vaittu, o + tt -- u > ottu, ai + n t + u > ataintu, cer + n t + u > cërntu.
: the final 1 > in and the past tense
2 root is 'en' and the past tense sign is r. ciples are formed by the addition of -āmall
+ amal D allamal, kotu + amal d kotamal oņtupōkāmal, cētappatu +āmal>cētappatāal->kuraipatuttamal, kurittiru + amall>kurit> cāttāmal, kollaipõ + ku + ārmal > kolai
of Dravidian Languages, Ate and Research Institute,


Page 83
The negative relative in the dative become “
has the sense of the
the text.
PAST TENSE RELA
The relative participle suffix is ad cases and the resulting forms are the resp
enrappațțu + a > ennap paţțu + a> collappaţța, pattu + a > appațippa! țntu + a > kițpaținta,
> cuțița, alțuttu -- a > villuntu + a> villunta, i >nēmitta, tiruti/n/ + ay1na >ana.
Other forms are ā + ku + iya >āki
PRESENT TENSE REL
The present tense relative particip In some instances, the -r alone remains ( less uniform in the twentieth century.
pirakāci + kiru + a>pi u+ a>enkira, koņtup5 > varukira, iru + kiru + kuji + kiru + a > kulikki + kiru + a > collappați țu + kiru + a > kațța lai talaiyițappațțirukkira, . ațțiru -- kiru -- a > co
“illata' (from il + at t + a) is a sense of negation is expressed in the roc morpheme.
THE PARTC
The participial nouns are formed
relative participles. The glide v will cor the gender suffix if the latter begins in
Masculine - no Feminine - ,

57
participle "cittiyatu° plus the noun "pati” “cittiyatapatikku' and this compound form negative verbal participle “cittiyamal' in
ATVE PARTCPLE
lded to the verbal past participle in most lective relative participles.
patta, akappatu + a > akappata, collap
eppatippattu + a > eppatippatta, appatipța, ippațikkottu + a > ippațikkotta, kitipa
ippațippațțu + a > ippațippațța, cuțițu + a atutta, pitittu + a>pititta, ceytu + a>ceyta, runtu + a>irunta, niyamittu + a> niyamitta >tirutina, koņtu+ a>koņta, āy +in+a>
ya, ul + a > ulla and nal+ a>nalla.
ATVE PARTCPLE
ble is formed by adding -kira to the root. of this -kira. See pora. This is more or
rakācikkira, cey + kiru + a>ceykira, en + kir+ kiru + a> koņțup5(ki)ra, vā ~ var + kiru + a a>irukkira, pettiru + kiru + a>pettirukkira, ra, citti + kiru + a>cittikkira, collappațțiru irukkira viju + kiriu + a>vilukira,kațțaļaiyiyițukira, kațtalaiyițappațțiru + kiru + a > kațkurittiru + kiru + a>kurittirukkira, collappllappațțirukkira, nața + kiru + a>națakkira.
legative relative participle wherein the t “il' itself and f-a/ comes as an empty
PIAL NOUN
by adding gender number suffix to these
Le in between the relative participle /a/and a vowell.
example
yy


Page 84
Epocene - k utiyana-varkal Neuter Singular - no exa ,, Plural - miñciyi
N F
What Dr. Caldwell calls the in ceya. cey stands for the root and/-al. i. monosyllable, the final consonant double Sandhi rules and also the euphonic u or before a vowell. anupp/u/ + a>anuppa.
This infinitive goes with the vi stating an action which follows that ve intended, so that it is substituted by ce In the pattern ceyaventum, ceya has th as its predicate. But ceyaventum has b treated as a combination of ceya form
untayirukka, katan tupuk natattuwiccukkola, nilain paņņa, pāttukkolla, katt kolla, uttarikka, kaiyāli viţţuviţa, muţukaviţa, e kattuviccukkolla.
'untakkumpatikku' occurs as o uņțākkum + pați in the dative. But the "untakka'. Similarly “tappippjmpatikk “tappippJõka”.
THE AORS' AS R
The old finite aorist was forme
is representing any root as cey) ceylum in Kannada must have been tused with
restricted in usage to the third person participle before a noun even in the ag this usage which remains. Since, there present Iceykira) and the past (ceyta), But it is used as the relative participle something habitual.
cinēkamā(ku)m, uņțākl

58
, ceykira-v-arkal, kuiyana-v-arkalutaiyatu mple runtatukal
i T V E
finitive is the verbal participle of the pattern the suffix. If the root is a closed short s (cey-y-a/ before any vowel according to he kurriyalukaram at the end will disappear There is no other change.
:rb next following or the finite verb, as rb or finite verb, usually as something yarku. The other usages are not found. : force of a verbal noun taking ventum ecome more or less one word and may be with ventum. It is obligatory in meaning.
, kotukka, kotuttuvita, katatta, oppivikka, irka, anuppa, teta, oppukkotukka, kanpikka, alaiyita, etuttukkolla, vaittukkolla, kattikkka, colla, tirumpa, kēļkka, națattuviikka, !tukka, vetta, kontuvara, ceyya, tavira,
ne unit. It consists of a relative participle, whole is substitutable by the infinitive ' can be substituted by the infinitive
ELATVE PARTCPLE
d by adding-um to the root. The pattern
This aorist once upon a time as seen all persons; but later, this comes to be singular. But it was used as relative 2 of Tolkappiyar. In this document, it is are separate relative participles for the his has come to be restricted to the future. which is common to all the tenses, showing
um, koțukkum, kēļkkum, põikum.


Page 85
THE CO
The conditional is expressed by results from adding /-in/ or /-al/ to found and it is mostly added to the pa
iruntu + āl > iruntāl, kettukkontu +äl>kettukl națiantu + āl>națanātl, olittuppoy -- in + aldolittl intupõy + in + āl>murint (yi)năl, căţţu +in+âl>că
THE FIN
The first person plural finite v. government of Ceylon or to the Interp the contract tailies with the original ke singular and second person plural do n The finite forms are explained as being f number suffix.
First Person Pi
vai
First Person Pl
The future finite verb occurs ol plural and the other in the third perso
added to the root.
ko
Third Person Epi
The epicene suffix /-arf is used
petti
Third Person N
paņņikko
Here as already explained in th morpheme /-kiru/ is altogether lost.
Third Person N
kāņu tu, k

Sy
N D TONA
a verbal participle in the earlier ages which the root. In the document, /-al/ alone is zt participial form.
cērntu+āl>cē(r)ntāl, citticcu +ā > citticcāl, koņtāl, kaņtu+āl>kaņtāl, ataintu+āl>ataintāl, enru +āl>enrāl, campavittu+āl> campuvittāl, lppÔ(yi)nâl, uqtäy -- in + al> uqta(yi)nal, mutıpÜ(yi)näl, kettärkaleäy + in + äl>kettärkaleâitțināl, muțuku + in + āl>muțukināl.
N T E V E R B S
erbs occur as referring either to the Dutch eters who signed to certify that the copy of pt at Tutucorin Secretariate. The first person Ot occur in the language of the document. ormed on the pattern, root + tense sign + gender
ural - Present Tens7
kkirõm
ural Future Tense
nly in two instances; one in the first person In epicene. The future tense sign /-p/ is
uppöm
cene - Future Tense
honorifically in the following instance.
iruppār
Neuter - Past Tense
țatu, vaittatu.
e chapter on phonology, the present tense
uter. Present Tense
Curittirukkiratu


Page 86
Third Person
irukkum, kitaikkum, vēņu ollappatum, natattuviccukl viccukkoļlalām, ataitukk kulikkalām, allavākkippāt
The negative finite forms of the
pökatu, patàtu, alla.
Implied F.
The implied finite verbs in the te
periyatu, untu,
"uttu' is common to all gender.
Viya
There was a verb called “viyanko' was stated in terms of a third person. This, [and blessing, curse, etc ). When the lega of universal application was felt, the old form was not found sufficient because it suffix /-um/ was used in the original mea in as a glide.
untayirukka-V-um, kotuttu v-um, kontuvarappana-v.
THE AUX
The document being a translation use of auxiliary verbs to express the sub original of the translation. The auxiliary of meaning of the principal verb and to helps to convert a noun into a verb.
There are several compound verbs The conjugation of the auxiliary verb although occurring in the form of a conjunc does not show any tense so much so the etc., as empty morphemes. For instance root. 't' or "nt does not show any tens below are given the auxiliary or compoun

Future Tense
m, kūtum, vēņtiyatu, katavatu, etuttukkcoļļalām, virkalām, cilavalikkalām, kūttuoļļalām, vettuviccukkoļļalām, ceyyalām, lām.
verb in the document are:-
inite Verbs
Xt are:-
ciriyatu, alla.
and person.
kõl
in ancient times when the rule or command
later on, became an honorific command l necessity for expressing the command as viyankol which was generally of the ceya was used as the infinitive. Therefore a ning of the old viyańkõl. The v comes
vița - v-um, kațțikkolla-v-um, pettir uppārāka:um, kaatta-V-um, kotukka-v-um.
ARY VERBS
of a foreign language, frequently makes Lle nuances of meaning contained in the verb helps to modify or intensify the shade express certain moods and tenses. It also
where the second verb becomes an auxiliary. one matters in such cases. The main verb ive participle or in the form of an infinitive grammarians speak of the past tense sign,
in “vanti untān”, “van tiru” is taken as the and hence it is called cariyai. Herein roots. For some meanings more than one


Page 87
auxiliary verb is used. But they have no compound verb in the document is conju
+ auxiliary, and noun + auxiliary verb.
The auxiliary verb 1-koll is often conjunctive participle of the principal ver
nilainirkappanniviccukkoll ațaittukkol, pāttukkolla, ' kēt tukkoņtāl, vittukkoļ, küttiviccukkol.
The auxiliary verb 1-am) is a m ā + ku + um. It corresponds to the English It occurs in the text with the verbal nou
vittukkoļļalām, natattuvi kuttiviccukkollalam, vet cilava likkalām.
The auxiliary verb f-ventums or an infinitive of ti, e verb to express comp terms of the contract, the execution of signatories to the contract.
koțukkavēņțiyatu, oppuvik kavēņtiyatu. kotukka vēņum, kattaļaiyi
The auxiliary verb f-pan) is add verb to give a causative meaning. It is
ariyappaņņukiratukku, ni ar ikkaipaņņa, yāpārampa
The auxiliary verb 1-ceyf is used of the instances. It also expresses causa form of the verb.
utavicceyya, vēlaiceykirav vaittukkolaccey.
The auxiliary verb /-irus is added t
verb to express more tenses and moods verb. It occurs with negative forms as
untayiruntal, tõttiyirunta kaiyāliyātiruntāl. kutiyirukkira.

61
been analysed here. The pattern of the nctive participle - auxiliary verb, infinitive
used in the document. It is added to the ) to give a reflexive meaning.
ukira, natattuviccukkol, etuttukkolla faittukkolla, kattuviceukkolla, kattikkolla, rețțiviccukkol, kalliviccukkoļlukiratukku,
utation of akum' which is derived from
auxiliary verb "may' expressing permission. ns formed with the suffix /-al/.
ccukkoļļalām, ataitukkoļļalām, ceyyalām, tiviccukkoļļalām, kuļikkalām, virkalām
its colloquial equivalent, 1-venums follows ulsion. This auxiliary is used with certain which are obligatory on the part of the
kaventiyatu, anuppavéntiyatu, ottukkotuk
tavēņum, uttarikkavēņum, kaiyāllikkavēņum.
led to the infinitive form of the principal also used to convert a noun into a verb.
lainirkappaņ. ņņa, ottācaipaņņa.
to convert a noun into a verb in a raajority tive meaning when added to the infinitive
varkalukku, yänaippanticeykira,
o the conjunctive participles of the principal
It is also used to convert a noun into a well.
| kotuttliruntatu, kurittirukikira,


Page 88
The auxiliary verb f-patul always verb and expresses the passive voice. T /-pațātu/ which is from patu + ā + tu. T. verbs to mean 'should not'.
kuraippatuttāma, cētapp koțukkappațātu, națattuv ottācai paņņavum patātu, v
The auxiliary verb /-itus is used moun into a verb.
The auxiliary verbs 1-patu/ and of the verb to denote continuity of act
collappaţţirukkira, kaţţal
The auxiliary verb 1-itus is used noun into a verb.
kațțalaiyițukira, cirițțukkollu.
The auxiliary verb /-põ/ is adde verb to express certainty and completenes is "pokatu' which is derived from p5+ 1 used with the infinitive in place of pat of “should not'.
katantupōka, koņtupōra, tappippõimpați, murintupi etuttukkollappokatu, vetta vittuwitappokatu.
The auxiliary verb f-vitu/ is ad an infinitive to express certainty.
kultuttuwita, mutukavita.
The auxiliary verb /-p5tu/ is ad certainty. It occurs with the transitive “alla” takes the auxiliary verb /-põțu/ to and this verbal noun takes the auxiliary
allavākkippētalām.
The auxiliary verb 1-kutum/ for the sense of possibility.
kațantiupõikavumkūțum.

62
occurs with the transitive form of the he negative form of the verb /-patum/ is his negative form is added to infinitive
ațāmal, ețuttukkollappațium. ikkappatätu, ceyyappatätu, collavumpatätu, aikkappatätu.
l in the following instances to convert a
/-irul are added to the infinitive forms ion.
aiyițappațțirukkira.
in the following instances to convert a
kiratukku, pirivittu, cilavittu, kattalaiyita.
2d to the conjunctive participle of the main s. The negative form of the verb "põkum 

Page 89
The auxiliary verb -nil) is used
nilainirka.
The auxiliary verb /-va/ when a the main verb expresses habitual continu
natantu varukiratiņālē
There are also other verbs suffi.
muttuccippi kulikkira, v. cāyavēr kaliviccukkoļļuk
A DJ E (
There are no adjectives in the forms, ‘appațikkotta, appațippațța” meani patta' meaning "such (as this)' and “eppa in the document as adjectives. The mo) expression is by suffixing the verb /-ana
mutal -- āna > mutalāna, pc kattanāna, mattu māttirai vilakutalāna, kațan, + ān kamāna, cakalam + āna > c +ākiya> tireyttoru mākiya ākiya >tuvippāşiyākiya, c +ākiya, kutiyāna varkaļā kāra rākiya.
'attanai' meaning “that quantity' particle “tanai' meaning "quantity' to ti It occurs twice in the text.
A DV
We have instances of four for “yet”, “mun”, “munināll and “munpu” meanin 'utane' which is formed from the partic “immediately'. It occurs once in the an adverbial construction to modify th or 1-alkas to nouns. The suffixation off
atikam + ây >atikamäy, v camātānamāy, tannițam + āva ciyam + āy>āvaciyam katavatāy, tēvai +āy> virõtamāy, kațan -- āy> k

63
to convert a noun into a verb.
lded to the conjunctive participle form of ation.
ced to nouns to form an idea.
tu kațiți, āru kațatta, cilavali, !ratukku.
CT I V ES
true sense of the word in Tamil. But the ng “such (as that)', ippatikkotta, ippatipippatta' meaning “such (as what)' are used 'e frequent way of contructing an adjectival | or 1-akiyal to nouns.
otu + āna> potu vāna, coyakattan + āna>coya+ āna > Imațțumāttiraiyāna, vilakutal + āna > a > kațanāna, pirattiyõkam + āna > pirattiyJSakalamāna, kuți +āna > kuțiyāna, tireyttõrum , pērkaļ + akiya>pērkalākiya, tuvippāsi+ ātiyār+ākiya>cātiyārākiya, kutiyānavarkaļ kiya, evurõppaikkārar + ākiya > evurõppaik
is an adjective formed by adding the Le remote de monstrative pronoun base a-.
E R B S
ms, “innam” ( ventiyatay, camatanam + ay> āy > taņņi tamāy, miccam + āy > micamāy, y, manacu -t- āy> mana cāy, kațavatu + āy> }vaiyay, pari + ay>pariyay, virotan + ay> tanay, cari +ay>cariyay.


Page 90
pákkam + āka > pakkamāka āka > kāņkiratāka, anniya( cam+ akadvicuvacamaka,
>pirakāramāka, kā val+ nimittiyam +āka>nimittiya > mun pāka, piram + ãika: tarceyal + āka > tarceyalāka + āka > mārupāțãka, muni) avarkalitamãka, vai +ãka
The remote demonstrative pronou time become “appõtu” which is an adverb The interrogative pronoun base e- plus t an adverb of time meaning “at which time' and the latter occurs only once in the te time,' is formed with the proximate dem It occurs once. An adverb of manner 'ap by adding the noun pati to the remoted thrice. The demonstrative adjective “anta become “antappați” which is an adverb It occurs twice. “appal' is an adverb of to the remote demonstrative base, a-.
P A R
DESCRIPTION OF THE ORI
A certified copy of the original treaty between the Dutch Government of Ce is preserved in the Department of National number of this document is 3368. The d is 13 inches and its breadth is 8 inches. left on all the pages excepting the first p end of the first clause of the treaty and and bottom margins of all the pages are is no margin on the right side as the w;
The document is made of thick is in black ink and is well preserved. one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, ei 31, 32, 30, 2i and 5 respectively. The September 5th 1684. The original Dutch
I 3. Corpus Diplomaticum, Ne Verzameld en toegelicht ( Edited by J. E. Heeres Vofiume III. pp. 37/o-377.

64
, nittiyam +āka>nittiyamāka, kāņkiratu + onniyam + āka > anniyaonniyamāka, vicu vãmurivu +āka>muri vāka, pirakāram +āka āka>kāvallāka, nintam +āka>nintamāka, māka, cilavu +āka>clavāka, munpu+āka > piram + āka, nan mai + āka > nan maiyāka, , viukiratu +āka>vilukiratāka, mārupātu itu + aka > munnitāka, avarkaļița m + āka > > vaļiyāka, vakai +āka > vakaiyāka.
in base a- plus the noun “põtu” meaning
of time meaning 'then, at that time'. he noun p5tu become 'eppjtu' which is '. The former has a frequency of three xt. Similarly, “ippjtu' meaning “at this onstrative base i- and the noun 'p5tu'. pati' meaning “in that manner' is formed lemonstrative pronoun base a-. It occurs ” plus the noun “pați” meaning “manner” of manner meaning “in that manner'’.
place formed by adding the noun 'pal
T III
GNAL DUTCH DOCUMENT
document in Dutch relating to a commercial ylon and Cētu pati Kātta Tēvar Rāmēshvarm Archives, Nugegoda, Ceylon. The register locument runs into ten pages. Its length There is a margin of two inches on the age where the margin is 4 inches up to the 2 inches on the rest of the pages. The top one and a half inches respectively. There riting is continued to the very end.
white hand made paper. The handwriting The number of lines contained on pages ght, nine and ten are 29, 30, 31, 34, 32, certified copy of the original is dated
version of the treaty has been published.
erlando - Indicum loor Dr. F. W. Stapel (1676-1691)


Page 91
TE UNEMENDED TEXT OF TH
Anno 1684, den 10 Augustus, ve Edle Heer Laurens Pyl, Raad -extraordin eylands Ceylon, d'cust Madure-Indiads en Gouverneur-Generael ende d'E. Raden V Gomie ter eenre, ende Chedoepatte Cate The lam ende de verdere ondergehoorende lan
Ten
Datter sal sijn een vaste vreede, Compie en den theuver, voor eeuwig, or Schynen.
Ten
Datter sal zyn een gelimiteerde malcanders landen en havens, en dat de worden bevaren, en de engte van Ramman Comple mits betalende yder als de usantie coopluyden zullen voegen na alle soorten en de wetten der landen zullen medebrengne Pampencer doorgebragt werdende, aldaer zal drie fanums de boyado van 30000 s cust door Pambenaar gebragt werden, zu en thol betalen een en een half fanum. voor geregtigheyt en thol volgens gewoont (en) niet meerder als een derden deel be areek die Van daar op Adramapatnam w drie fanums per boyado van 3000 stux t een en een half fanum d'gelyke boyado; er sat niet meerder als (twee derde vrygege geregtigheyt aldaer betaelt werden. Ende op sorterende, sal van’s Compies areek en alle geregtyge helfte der thol en geregtigheyt
Ten
Dat d'oorlogscheppen, vaertuygen sonder eenige geregtighey t te , betalen doo
werden.
Ten V.
Dat om de vaste vrientschap te en gravamína in vrientschap te vereffenen s sullen werden gesonden; ende indien d'ee legalie te doen en iets voor te dragen,

65
E ORIGINAL DUTCH DOCUMENT
ersproken en gemaakt contract tusschen den aris Van India, gouverneur en directeur des den resorto van dien, wegens de Edle, Heer 'an India, representeerende d’Edle Generale uver, vryheer van Rammancoil, Pandymandeden ter andere Zyde.
eerSten
liefde en goet vertrouwen tusschen d'E. )verbrekelyk, en Soo lange zon en maan Sal
tweede
vaart tusschen wedersyts onderdanen in engte van Manaar door theuverS Volk mag coil en Pambenaer by d'onderdanen vand'E e des lands medebrengt, en dat haer alle | van ordee, die een yder sal werden gegeven n alsmede dat's compjes areek van calpentyn, voor Ceylonse geregtigheyt en thol betalen tux; en die van Tutucoryn en die verdere llen voor een gelyke boyado aan geregtigheyt En voor alle andere coopmanschappen sal e, daer en daarvan zyinte, tweederde vrygeven taalt werden. Almede Sal voor den Ceylonsen verden aangebragt, voor geregtigheyt en thol betaelt werden, en die, van deze cust comt de voor alle andere diverse coopmanschappen ven) een derden deel der gewoone thol en ) alle andere plaetsen, onder den theuverheer ! andere coopmanschappen maer op een plaets
betaelt werden.
derde
etca, die geene coopmanschappen inhebben, Ir Pembenaar vrye passagie Zullen gegeven
ierde
onderhouden en alle voorvallende verschillen onder foutjaerlyx eens gesanten van wederzyde in ofte d'antere parthye nodig agte meerdere Sal't selve vermogen te doen.


Page 92
Ten
Dat gelijk ten tyden der ouden vrye vaartuygen verleent is, toegestaan el
Ten
Dat aan den theuver en zyne or alle havens, daer d' E. Compie in alliantie
maar anders niet.
Ten
Eenige doodslagers verraders ofte naer des theuvers landen comen de te V onderdanen van den heer theuver naers Col getrouwelijk werden opgesogt en yder aar correctie te ontfangen.
Ten
By eenige stormwinden ofte andr vaertuygen tzy groot ofte kleen, als dess vrye ingesetenen en onderdamen, aan des te stranden off schipbreuke te hyden, salv niets vermogen naar hun te nemen, want versogt werdende en de hulpsame hand te voor 't welke nist anders als ambagstsloo1 gelyken op des Compies landen eenige Sc soo van den heer theuver als desselfs onderd: staat gehandelt werden.
Ten
d'E Compie sal tat Adramapatni bedeckt, mogen maken, en dezelve met e theuverheer aldaar zijn volk en wagt steller sorgvuldig voor schade en dieverye te be van blanck volk mogen plaetsen, om so der eenige twisten tusschen d' onderda mogten voorvallen, datter terstont kennisse mag erlangen en van zijn volk op Manaar oprigten, sal het sodanig ook mogen ges theuvers eygen volk; en sal de huysinge
op theuvers kosten endic door des E. C residentie weder mogen uytgelijt worden

66
vijfden
heuver by de oeerelvisserye toegestaan en | vrygegeven werden.
sesde
s
dersaten passen sullen werden verleent naar en geene oorlog ofte ander vershil zy,
sevende
andere boose onderdanen van d'E. Compie erloopen off wel eenige zodanige quade mpies landen, zullen van weder zyden dezelve 1 sijn heer werden overgegeven, om haar
ichtsten
e toevallen ter zee's Compsie cheepen en elf onderhorige Europiaense blanke natien heer theu vers landen comende te vervallen, an de overgeblevene goederen ofte vaertuygen sijn menigaerts ofte andere gestelde persoonen ! bieden 't selve sekerlijk sullen moeten doen, 1 aan de werklieden sal werden betaalt. Van hepen en vaertuygen comende te stranden, inen, sal in gelyke manieren als voorschreven
negende
um huysinge van gebacken steen, en pannen en doornen heyning onsingelen, sullende den , met beveling an des E. Compies goederen waren; en sal d'E. Compie aldaer residentie daer voor haer te negotieeren; ook, nen van d'E. Compie en den theuver heer van te konnen doen, opdat yder goet regt wil laten koophanden doen en een wooninge chieden, mits geen Mooren, maar van des 'oor des the uvers volk in des Compies landen
}mpies kosten worden gemaekt, ende ook onder offentie.


Page 93
Ten
Dat Geene Europiaense natie, Compie in geen manieren in des theuve daerdoor eenige Europiaensche naties 't den oorlog mogte aan te doen, sal ’dE, sersoeken, gehouden sijn hem met haer m te staan. En van gelyken sal ook den hee natie, wien het ook Zouw mogen zijn, den
sijn met zijn gehele magt te helpen.
Ten
Soo d'E. Compie des theuvers d'E. Compie d'costen betalen; en soo C begeert, sal d’ theuver de onkosten bet
Ten
Het duyken der chancosen sal d verder naer de Noort, mogen gedaan
gedoaken werden, sal den theuverheer n vervoeren en aldaar verkopen; en sal h Oak sal den theuver vryeligh alle saaye-wc tot Rammancoil vallende mogen laten u marktgang, of e gelijk bevorens op Nagap op Tutucoryn gelevert worden, off and die vragt van 't derwaerts brengen sal b van d'hock van Walimockan an de Suy sonder daarvan on do Noort te vervoer d'E. Campie werden gelevert. En soo eer ter sluyk na de Noort wilden, door's Cc werden, sullen gemelte vaertuygen met a sonder dat den theuver daer iets sal m En sal ook den theuver gehouden zijn,
ter sluyk aan eenige syner plaetse aanco volee lading over te geven.
Ten C
Opdat d’E. Compie hunnen han mogen komen te outstaan, sal sy hunne goetdunken mogen kiersen, sonder dat eeni 'ijkkeden sullen mogen doen; en soo gen hogten komen te misgaen salde armene aantasten, hunnen agterstal verordonnere selfs daervoor moeten instaan en dat be zijn alle debieteuren der E. Compie aan 1

67
thiendle
t sy Portugeese of andere alseenelijk d’E. rs landen plaats sullen vergunt werden; en soo ; sy Portugees ofte andere, den theu verheer
Compie wanneer het Sijn Excellentie mogt |agt naar haer vermogen in die gelegentheyt by r theuver d'E. Compie, wanneer sy van eenige oorlog wert ongedaen, by versoek gehouden
elffde
volk van noden heeft in eenige oorloge, sal ook den theuver eenige hulp van d’E. Comp alen.
twa elfde
oor des theuvers in woonders van Walimoken worden, en alle d' chancosen, die daer het Zijn schip naer Bengale mogen laten em een zeebrief daartoe gegeven werden. )rtelen op d'eylandtjes van voor Walimockan ytgraven; en sullen d” roggevellen volgens atnam daervoor betaelt is, aan d'E. Compie ders soo veel minder daervoor genieteen, als eloopen. Ook sullen a lle d’chancosen, die It tat voor Manapaer gedooken werden, en, alle, geliyk van outs geweest zy, aan lige vaertuygen, die met eenige dier chancosen ymps cha loup gerencontreert ofte agterhaelt lle hunne verderse lading verbeurt zijn, ogen tegens seggen. ofte wederoom eyssen.
eenige diergelyke vaertuygen met chancosen mende, de selve als vooren gesegt met hunner
ertiende
del gerustelijk dryven en geen verschillen r hooftwevers en gelijk coopluyden naer ge manigaers aan dezelve eeninge onbehoorhelte persoone haeral in iets tegens d’ armene, , alvoorens en eerd" selve sullen mogen1 en laten voldoen; ofte soo nietsal d' armene talen. InsgelijX Sal d'armene ook gehouden haer over te geven, of d'agterstal betalen.


Page 94
Ten Vee
Date alle d'geene, die bevonden peerlbanken to beroven ofte butyten d’ ord elders op de peerlbanken gevonden werder sullen door des theuvers volk werden opgev 't sy dan wat ofte wiens volk het ook s
Parruas niemant uytgesondert.
Ten vij
Den gekookten en andere gesnede andere verbodene waren, welke met vaertu en visite ountloopen hebben en tot Pemben verleenen, nog ook op eenige syner plaet Mallabaerson gecoakte en gesneden areek passadul vermelt staet, overcomende, ende E. Compies mag aangehaelt werdende, sal de de geregtige helft hebben, en sal d'E. Com soo veel areek besorgen, als arbeytsloone estaen wert soo veel hout uyt de Wanny t' als tot het maken syner woning sal benod buyten de plaetsen en corraalen daer d'E.
Ten se
Tat tutucoryn, Cayalpatnam en d des theuversheers gebiet sorteren, sal by ee aan den theuver gegeven geweest zijn, wat als Tutucoryn, Cavalpatnam ende verdere ha" te continueren, als ten ty den der armene tenners land, ’t sy door d’E. Compie ofte d mogen geschieden op dese genoemde en v Tiro epalycoery Tyviepatu, Atangara, Wedale, ende verdere plaetse, die onder des theuver poortes sal mogen gebragt worden; en zull welke met hunner goederen aankomen en, E. Compie gebruy ken, by goet ondersoek in't geheel aan den theuverheer verbeurt w
By het agste articul staet genote onderhoorige Europiaense blanke natie hare mitsgaders alle andere onderdanen der E. Cor stormwinden ofte andere toevallen comende t evene daervan sal niet genomen en eene liyka dog eenige andere blanke coopliedn, dese bog dezelve geen hulp nogte gunst mogen bewysen volk sijn.
Was geteekent met de gewone hantte Accord met het translaet uyt het mai Tutucoryn de 5den September 1684

68
rtiende
ofte agterhaelt sullen werden ’s Compies linaire tijt en uytschryving van d'E. Compie l, en het duykergereetschap by haer hebben; ath en aan d'E. Compie werden cvergegeven, oude mogen wesen 't sy Mooren Sjentiven,
fthiende
n areek, die van Mallebaer comt, nog ygen ter sluyk te water de behoorlyke wagten aer aankomen, sal den theuver geen deur togt se laten aancomen, en ook alle sulke als andere goederen, sonder dat sulx in haer die vaetuygen door den theuver uyt des en theuver soo van de goederen als vaertuygen 1pte in alle de havens van den heer theuver n, waerentegens den theuverheer weder toegsyner oncosten sal mogen laten cappen, ligt sijn, mits dat sulk geschieden sal moeten
Compie hunner oliphants vangst hout,
stiende
ie verdere plaetse, omdat als present onder -
n visserye d’selfde previlegie van vaer tuygen ervoor sig verbiet op de voorgemelte plaetse vens, alle voorregte aan d’E Compie soodanig g’uzeert is; ook sal al den areek dig in des esselfs onderdanen, aangebragt wert, allenlijk volgende plaetsen; als Adramapatnam Tondy, Pirriepatnam, Killykare, Madyoer, Walimoecan s gebiet staan, sonder dat deselve aan andere en de particulieren coopliedens vaertuygen, om de geregtigheden te ontgaan, dę naem der agterhaelt, en valselijk bevonden werdende, 7GSCI]。
*rt, dat alle Compies scheepen, als desselfs schepen, vaertuygen en campanes als anders, mpie hunne scheepen, groot en kleen by eenige ! stranden en schipbreukeleyden, 't overgeblan de sodanige maer wedergegeven werden; t in comende te stranden, sal d’E. Compie aan , nog ook mogen voorstaan en seggen, dat hun
ekeningth van Chedoepatte Cate Theuver. labaars in 't nederduytsch overgeset
J. B. Kempen (signed)


Page 95
CRTAN DISCREPANCES
TAMILL AND DUT:
When the text of the Tamil transl of its original in Dutch, one cannot fail Dutch text has been omitted in the Tamil tran to note that the Tamil text, which is sup document, contains certain lines and phr Dutch text.
The Tamil document does not conta haar correctie te ontfangen” meaning “t of the treaty).
The phrase in Tamil 'intiyavenna means “for India or for the country othe the sub phrase, "ennappatta cintu tecattukku as Sindhu' does nothave a Gorresponding in the Dutch version of the treaty.
The phrase in the Tamil text 'n
(Lines, 14-16) meaning "permanently inc to it in the Dutch text of the treaty.
The lines from 218 to 221 in cla kompaniya tuttukkutiyile cunnampu cultuk vettiviccukko ļalām. anta velaiceykirava meaning, “At Tutucorin, the Honourable of timber required for burning lime. P. for that work should be borne by them' the treaty.
There is no original of the phra pattainikautaiya' meaning "of Moors an version of the treaty.
Both the Tamil and Dutch docu originals, there is ground to believe tha them. Otherwise, the discrepancies noted

69
N THE TEXTS OF THE
'CH DOCUMENTS
ation is compared with the certified copy to observe that an important phrase of the slation. On the other hand, it is interesting posed to be a translation of the Dutch ases that are missing from the original
ain a translation of the Dutch phrase “om ) receive their punishment' (Clause seven
ppatta cintu tecattukku' (Lines, 1-2 & 6) rwise known as Sindhu'. Of this phrase, ' meaning “for the country otherwise known phrase from which it could be translated
ittiyamäka . . . . . . . . . murivuyillāml
) enmity' has no phrase corresponding
use fifteen of the Tamil text, “uttama icatukku veņtiyatāyiruntāl attanai virakum rkaļukkuk kūli avarkaļ cilavāyirukkum ; Company is permitted to cut the amount yment of wages to those who are employed
have no original in the Dutch version of
se in line 261 of the Tamil text “conakar d Urdu speaking Moors' in the Dutch
ments being but certified copies of the t the scribes have not accurately copied | here would not have arisen.


Page 96
PART
D CT ON
This dictionary contains all
the Tamil document. The usual pattern
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Uv)
(vi)
The word or morph is rendered
Grammatical notes according t
The meaning is given in Engl: is only given. In the case of variation, a certain form is cho only under that form. The sy pronouns and verbal forms. Th numbered. The difficulty of t been avoided and the meaning
The Arabic numerals indicate the word or morph occurs. The
the frequency of occurrence of
If possible, the etymology of the origin of a word is indef or perh, precedes the suggeste
For the etymology and meani other authorities are cited wi
"Base of the remote demonstrati atu. rem, dem. pro. sg. “that, th 155, 164,210, 234. atuvum. rem. dem. pro. sg. 1 19. attanai. adj., “of such size or m attale rem, dem. pro. sg inst. f attai. rem. dem. pro. sg acc. 10
atarku. rem. dem pro. sg. dat. 9 atil. rem. dem. pro. sg. loc. 39.
atilē rem. dem. pro, sg loc. 10ť anta, rem. dem. adj., “that” : 34, 4 190, 191, 193,221, 238.
antappati. adv. of manner. "in th antappatikku. adv. of manner. : appati. adv. of manner. “in that appatiye. adv. of manner. (e, appatikkotta. rel. pple... pas. “sua

IU
IWI
| A R Y
the words and morphs found in the text of
of arrangement is as follows:-
in English traasliteration.
o context are given.
ish. As far as possible, the root-meaning paradigms and forms that are in free sen as the base and the meaning is given mbol - follows the bases of demonstrative e various meanings of a word are serially ranslating verbs expressing negation has , is only given in the affirmative.
the relevant line of the text in which Arabic numeral over a numeral indicates
a word morph within a particular line.
the word is traced. In instances, where inite or doubtful, the abbreviation prob. "d root.
ng of some foreign words, dictionaries and thin brackets.
We pronoun expressing the person or thing le thing remote from the speaker' 63,97,
easure” 219, 221, 224. 

Page 97
akappațiu
ancu.
aţu
atukku.
atai
afaittukkol
appatippatta, rel. pple. pas 

Page 98
atirāmapațțaņam.
atikam. ant Üniyu mentis.
apamānakaļ. aramanaiyār.
aripiļaku.
arai.
avalam.
avatam.
ariaryappaņņu
aņņiya onniyam. annitañkal anuppս
atiramapattanattukku. prop India, bordering the Palk S atirāmapațțaņattilē loc. (ē, n. “much” 40, 61. LWS

Page 99
āttaṁ karai.
ama.
āyam.
ar. āl5canai. āvaciyam. āvaņi.
ākavum. conj. pple. no akiya. rel. pple. pas. 4, ākilum. parti. “if it be akira. rel. pple. pres. 3 âm. 3rd. pers. fin. V. 63 suff. affix of ordinal n ämpatiyë. adv. of mann <ām - pati <ākum+ pa āy. conj. pple. pas. 17, 146, 173, 178, 194, 221, āyilum. parti. “if it be' āvatu. ord. suff. “affix 83, 103, 128, 143, 150, āna. Irel. pple. pas. 3, 8 253, 261.

Page 100
ica mân. iţcai. ițam.
iţu
iru.
iru
ilankai
il
intiya.
ilam.
utampitikkai.
uta nē.
unţă
uttari
uttamam.
ippatippatta. rel. pple. pas. ippótu, adv. of time. Now, innam, adv. more than this icamânukku. n. stup. sg. daʼ n. “desire' colloquial form (
n. place' : 131;
ițattil. n. loc. 170. ițukira. rel. pple. pres. 26 (« num, adj. 19, 39, 45, 59. <
to be irukkaavum 17, 21 (cf. uņ! irukkira. rel. pple. přes 70 irukkum, fin. v. 29, 60, 67, irunta rel, pple. pas.92, 22 iruntãl. conj. pple. non. pa prop. n “Ceylon' 2, 31. I "non-existence' illâta. neg rel pple. 52. < iilāma!. neg conj. pple. 16, prop. n. "India' 1,6 Latin, intiya vennappațț cintu tēca means “Councillor of Ind
of the Indies in Batavia ir ordinary members. The phr Governor of Ceylon, Lal Batavia. (CADCG. p. 10 ) prop n. “Ceylon 4 < P. n. “ reaty” ll. colloquial for adv of time, immediately'
untakkumpatikku. 80. Thi ceyyum pattern "untakkum As it has the force of the infinitive “untakka' r untayirukkavum. fin, v. 17 uņțãnāl. conj pple, ft. “if b
uttarikka, inf. to bear' 19 utta rikkavum. in f. 194.
in that which is pre-emine 110, 113, 129, 136 139, 144, 217, 219, 235, 249-250, 252,

74
'such (as this)" 126.

Page 101
uttäram.
utavi,
urukkațatāci.
eţțu. etukkappatu
etuttukko!-
elām.
evuurõppa.
еVuropраі.
elu.
en
urtamam. n. 125. (cf. urramam. n. 22. (cf n permission 159, 2 n. “helpo 96, 138, 142, n."vessel 72, 156, 212 uru vilé, (é, emp. parti uruvaiyump. n. acc. 177 urukkal. n. pl. 53, 86, urukkalilè. n pl. loc ( urukkalai. n. pl acc 1 n. "pass for a vessel' 72 urukkațatāciyum. n. l. urukka tatāciyiē. (ē, e
ulla. rel. pple. pas. *to untu, imp. fin. v. 226.
eppațippațța. rel. pple. eppijtum. adv. of time “ evar. int. pro.. sup “wh card. num. "eight" 252. < ețu + pațiu “to take” et u kkappatatu... neg... fil 

Page 102
ettu-• 

Page 103
kațţu
kattuvi
katao
katattu
katataci.
katant up5
katal. kafalČtfu. katan.
kataiyaram.
kaņtupiti
kattan. kappal
karai.
to build kattukiratukku. v. n. d. kațiți. conj. pple, pas. Il
to cause to be built" kațțuviccukkollavum. c
kațțuvittukkollavum. 1
katavatu. fin. v. 142; n. 'to cause to cross katattavum. caus. fin. v n. 72. LWP'kațțu + ko!
142, 178. "that which should be done'
. 54; conj. pple. non-pas 299.
urukkațatãci)
pple. non-pas. 22, 23-24.

Page 104
kalippākku. karpițți.
kā
kāņ
n. 'boiled arecanut covered W prop. n. “An ancient coastals of Mannar' karpittiyileyiruntu. prop. n. 'to watch'
kā val. v. n. 108. 'to see'
kankiratu. fin. v. 62.
kāņutu. 3 rd. pers. pres. coll
kāņpi
kāttu. kāyalppattaụam,
kantal. conj. pple. f. 200, 25 "to cause to see' A
kāņpikka. caus. conj. pple. 1 n. 'wind 84, 257. 

Page 105
kuraipațiu
kūțțivi
kūrai.
kūli. kel
kēvu.
kaiyāļi
kaiyā
kaiyeluttu.
koțiu
“to specify kurittirukkira. rel. pple. kurittirukkiratu. fin. V. kurittiramal. imp. neg. c “to fail in rendering wha kuraipațuttāmal. meg. cc kelvu with that of tevai>tevai in the The term “kēļ vu” is in common par
saffna and Mannar and is nowadays used
icle.
non. pas. 168, 178,202, 261. 

Page 106
kotukkappatu- "to give'
kotukkappatâtu, neg. fin.
koţuttiru- to give'
kotuttiruntatu. v. n. 232-2: koţuttuviţu- “to give'
« kotuttuvitavum. fin. v.25. koņtu. parti. “an instrumental wo
250. 

Page 107
kollai. kollaipõ
kõverimatõr,
n. ‘seizure” 172

Page 108
cariyāyirukkira
carakkilé n. loc. 92. (ê: em carakkukkalilè. n. pl. loc. ,
to tally with
cariyāyirukkirapațikku. 27 sists of a present relative pi in the dative. 

Page 109
cirmai.
cirițțukkol
cuțiu
cuņņāmpu.
culippu.
ciuvantai.
cekkaratteriya
ceňkal.
ceññJr.
cempāti.
cey
ceyyappafu.
cevvaram.
c3tappatu
cētu pati.
“territory” prob. 

Page 110
cētupati kātta tēvar.
COya. col
collappaţţiru
| collappaţu
cõtinai.
cỡnakar.
ñāyam.
taku
tańka.
tappipp5
prop. n. 10, 268. This varam, Pāndya Mandala a Madura facing the Gulf of M Vassal of Ranga Krishtha M Madura from 1682-1689. B
nominal one. He ruled for was also known as Kilavan the Marava princes of Ram
to belong to' centa. rel. pple, pas. colloq cēntālum. nego conj. peple. Il cēntu. conj. pple. pas. 90. 2 n. “one’s own” 10. LWS < sv
“to say collavum. conj. pple. non-p; colli. conj. pple. pas. 109, l
collappai tirukkira. rel. ppl collappattirukkirapai. l'77. of a present relative partici It has the force of an ad “kaiyäikka"
collappațța. rel. pple. pres.
c5tinaikku, n, dat. 'examina n. sup. pl. “Mooro. 203, 262 cona karai. n. pl. acc. II21 - 1 n. acc, dec. comp. justice'
to be fit takka. rel. pple. pas. 25. takkatu. fin. v. 137. 翁 3rd pers. pro. sup. gen. dec
- 176, 180, 212, 225, 266. 

Page 111
tappu
tapputtawaru.
tamilar. -talam.
tavir
“to go wrong, as a calculá tappi. conj. pple. pas. 19 'fat' tapputtavarukalile. m. pl. n. sup. pl. ‘those whose n “territory” talattu. n. sg. gen. dec. c. talattilē. n. sg. loc. 49 (ē: talańkalai. n. pl. acc. 20 talankalukku. m. pl. dat. talañkalile, n. pl. loc. 48, talañkalileyum. n. pl. loc
to prevent, except" tavira. conj. pple. ft. 164
tavintiru - Ctavirntiru- "to avoid'
tarceyal. tal
tirukkai.
tirutu
tirumpu
tavintirukkiratukkum. v.
n. "ones own action' 182.
tanatu. (l) 3rd. pers. sup. (2) 3rd pers. sg. g ilē. 3rd pers. sg. loc.
tann
nitam. 3rd pers. sup. s
tan
tānē. parti. “expletive affi instead of it'98, 102, 139 tānum. parti. 215. n. sg. * Ray-fish” 159. tirukkaiyāma vilai, n. l59 plained. The Dutch orig means ray-fish and "amai wrongly identified with th lators of the document. of Madura belongs to the engaged in fishing ray fis their hide to the Dutch. of dye roots dug from tl Royal Highness Tevar by 'to steal tirutina. rel. pple pas. 16! 'to turn back
tirumpa, conj. pple. ft. 1

85
tion'
loc. 187 (ë: emp. parti.) 

Page 112
tireyttõr.
tirvai.
fίνια.
tutcanar. tSțar < toțar
tuvippāși.
turpötakar. turai.
turaimukam.
tunpam. tūttukkuți.
tūram.
fe
tēcam.
teWar.
tēvippațțaņam.
tireyttõrum. n. sup. "directo v. n. "duty' toll' 36, 38, 42, 4 tirvaikku.n. dat. 32 n. Island' 2. LWS-dvipa tivukalilê. n. loc. (e, emp. p n... sup. pl. “evil doers” 75-76
"to prosecute'
tuțarum. rel. pple. ft. 188.
n. sup.. sg. “bilingual inti 

Page 113
tēvai. toņti.
tominiku tiyacu.
tōņi.
tõttiyiru
naţa
națattuvi
n, "need' 146. prop.n. "An ancient sea 242. prop. n. 273. LWP>
238. es. 210, 245.
238.
nj. pple. ft. colloquial form of “natattuvittuk- koll
n. 63, 120.
ntʼ
ans. meg. fin. v. 185. 

Page 114
māli
nittiyam. nintam. nimittiyam. niya mi- ~ nemi
nilam.
niluvai.
nilaikol
milainil
CaW.
nécam.
pańku. pat tāņi.
pața Vu.
pațiu
pataipaņņikkoļ
paņņu
paņņuvi
card, num. base. “fouro 55.
m. permanence 14. LWS <
n. 'exemption 39, 45, 54, n. “on account of 132. LW “to determine, assign'
niyamitta, rel. pple. pas. l nemitta. rel. pple. pas. 20
nilaňkaļilē. n. pl loc. “plac
miluvaiyai. v. n. acc. “bala “to be permanent' nilaikkonta. rel, pple. pas, "to be permanent nilainirkappaņņu viccukko of'nilainirkappaņņu vittu, + ko
necavukāraraiyum. In Sup. raiyum' "weavers' 182-183 (TIL. Vol. IV & II)
necamum. n. 'friendship' n. sg. portion' 39, 40, 45,
pattan ikalutaiya. n. sup. mother tongue is Urdu'26
patavukalutane. n. pl. ins 'small boat 207.
patâtu. neg. aux. fin. ν, 266. < paițu + ā v, n. *war' 52

Page 115
paņam.
pattu. patimünru.
patinañcu.
patinālu.
patimaru.
patinoru. paravar.
parāparippu.
paripālanam.
pala. parańki.
pariparai. panirantu.
pākku
paruparս
n. sg. “a weight of coppe (DIBIA. p. 47); fanam, a in different places made equal in value to 15 pies Ramnad. (TIL. Vol. IV) card, num. “ten” 128. comp. num. of addition cc
179. < patu +mūnru comp. num. of additti patinaintu; tion” 230: LWS

Page 116
pāņti.
pāttukkol
pampan.
pâmpanăru.
pâr.
piţi
piņakku.
prop. n. The Pandya co’ modern districts of Madura core' 9. LWS

Page 117
piram.n. “region' coll pirattale, n. inst. for a
pettiru

Page 118
pōlē. makaraca.
maţțul
maţţum. maņtala. maņappātu. maņiyakāra r.
mattiyilē. maturai.
aae
mau
al magnaro
(3) "to go' põlkum. rel. pple. ft. 70. "particle of comparison' (e m. sup. “monarch" 6:

Page 119
mutukavitavum. conj. A muțukināl. conj. pple.
muttuccaläpahka.
Fauttuccippi. mutal.
muntal.
mu ppatināyiram.
muy arci.
malu.
mul.
murai.
murintupõ
murivu.
mun.
merpótu
mutuccalāpaikalilē, n iWS-mukta + calapan n. "pearl-oyster' 196 198 (1) "a particle used in a ordinal suffixl-avatu/: (2) ‘an ablative of term
84, 100, 176. “corner, promontory”
muntalukku. n. dat. 16
comp. num. of multipli + pattu + LWS

Page 120
ēsam
yãtu.
yāpãram.
yänaipparti.
raņtu. räcaciri.
n. 104. This noun is comp mēşakkūrai’ìn the text. It "roof of a residence'. Even meaning of "roof of a reside from Sanskrit, mēşa, mea! Perhaps, the scribe who tran ment, had confused "merk tir int. pro. sg. “what, which” 5 133, 140, 144, 148, 168, 184, n• Sg. cólloquial form of “vy < Vyãpāra yāpārańkal n pl. dat"49 yäpärikaj tutaiya. n sup. pl. n. 227

Page 121
varu sāntam.
varai. vali. Valappam.
välinõkkam.
vicāriippu. vicu vācam. vitu
vittu vitu
vitam.
virõtam.
vilai.
n. “close of a year' 59. n . 4. (l) "time' 165. parti. colloquial form o 'custom' Valappattinpațiyē, n. (ē < valappam + paţi 

Page 122
viraku.
virakum n. acc. dec. comp. “
viţu. n. sg. acc. dec. comp. ‘residen
veţţu to cut
vetta. conj. pple. non-pas. 21
vett (Iviccukkol 

Page 123



Page 124



Page 125

=
菲
=
ܩܒ_"
PS)
=