Page 1
ܔܛܔ
s
*念출
A CEYLON JOURNA
Wol. I -
Dec. 1955-Ja
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

L IN ENGLISH
No. 12
an. 1956
One Rupee

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THE SWADESH || |NDUSTRI
 

Ney ്യാu0 geట్ట
AL WORKS LM TED

Page 7
SEQUEN
མ──────ང་མ་ཚང་ཡང་ང་ཚོ་མ───___------ག་
What is the Peril 2
Derivation of the Sinhalese Langu
Mary of Nazareth . .
Valluvar and the Hindu Dharma
Hitler and His Minorities
Reverence
A Burgher who Loves Jaffnese Ta
Tamils Abroad
Autobiography of a Poet and Sair
Word Pictures by Bernard Shaw
Poems from the Japanese
A Page of Science. .
"Two Stories from Muslim Folklor
Pages for the Young
Reviews

CE
age from Tamil . .
mil
O
2
19
22
24
30
3.
40
47
48
50
52

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Page 9
WHAT IS T
The Tamil-speaking perill of the grave.
Midst all the fantasti the land to-day, it is wor it vere, in the upper b placid places; and there, bare floor, to consider cal all that is happening in (
Brothers and Sisters Peoples of Ceylon, a wo into darkness. " Sinhale a symptom of a virulent
wholly another.
A “game’, far more vita plammed, plotted and pli a real yapra rill thera
Not all the mugwi. Nonsense Party of Ceyl enjoyment of a ten Papa, touch the hem of that sil is the grand language LANGUAGE IS NOTI LIVES ARE. The phy howewer exalted im his least concern even to hi
Traff ap f f af Life TV", of a pope.
The pouver-mad dulp people an affectional people - are egging the pering to them this stupi

THE PERIL?
Peoples of Ceylon are in
c baboomery which stalks thwhile to take a seat, as alcomy of a house Set in seated upon the clean and mly and with clear mind Deylon to-day.
of the Tamil-speaking ty is being made to lead us se only ” is the signpost : disease. The real perill is
al to us, is being craftily ayed. Teard the Trudov
Yar Yara la Pros fara wa M.
umps of the Unlimited om, mental duvarfs in the p's 'Hy heyday, can even kem sha Ul of shiraz which of a great people. OUR IN DANGER OUR 'sical life of any person, pluvm esteem, is mot of the m or to any one else. But Haifa is flge ifølpop da
es among the Sinhalese te and good hearted m to their doom by whisd cry of 'Sinhalese only',

Page 10
IT II E "I
to be followed by other
suicidal. But these crie intolerance, hatred and rc which one may hear in night-the barking of d scream of chanticleer a become silent when daylig
What then is the real p
Let it be set forth in words. They wish to ma Formosa. More need no
This Journal is no superstrategics of socc But alas for sweet Lanka
To bring about this c group of people whose ver of operation Formosa. Th twenty miles across the wi delendo. Genocide is the to be interested in Ceyl peoples of Ceylon are livip
Unfortunately for these who would play with hun uvere but uuvoodem palUnils, Peoples of Ceyloft fo aige. Ta egy sa "Ao VI Tigri niya nas. Tineg a and they feel for to geopolitieia ns. ti of I fe Iriela sa eO ii t I as for ta e Pasif Fra Freir otte fr"dt Nay, more. They may c believe that their home,

"| YI IL
cries similarly silly and s, based as they are om icism, are like those cries
the murky hours of the gs, the hoot of owls, the ll of which cacophonies ht comes.
eril ?
the feuvest and simples! ke of our dear Ceylom (I t be said.
it concerned with the alled political supermen.
onsummation, there is a y existence is in the lvay cir kith and kin live only ater ! Igitur Ceylon demalo
word. India will cease om if the Tamill-speaking ved out !
devillinspired chess players an entities as though they
the Taun mail-spedaliray
arp vof preparrefl Pitager". Ta7 Tg Foley & Drap" Wre ag coiriliseady people: pucer incore l’eraiently la fley nave a razy tirefo flor'ist. aas tlı olastaлals of yetлгs. rlitional tornelaunal. "vem have the aspiration to
under its clean blue sky

Page 11
H-T IS
and clear air, may yet mechanised and industria
Friends, let there mot om our part. The dan is relentless. Hitler kill Tifa ese blam o1ur ammi. subtlety; but they are as Hitler in his shortlived d
There is no more ti eloquence. If we are to a determination equal t to be TVTTEAMD to VV struggle to the very enc hamd. He vill mot rest til is wiped off the face of peoples of Ceylon, be AFATIAEAR-WFTOTHIER
"Devotion to a dynasty has made
So, most of all, that INGENITA EF fondness for the land Where We wer

" / E PE F' IL ?
have a message for the lised mad-world of today.
be a mere boastfulness er is dire. The enemy 'd openly and wantomly. nilation with far more determined to kill as uvas
W.
me for mere platform jurvive, it can only be by o that of the other side (PVEK.. to keep up the l. The executioner is at the very name "Tamil Ceylon. Tamil-speaking alert. Who Wires if
LAWD flips ?
lations. So has passion for a creed. GA PATRIAM CARITAS, the natura * hidril.'''
-JOHN MORLEY.

Page 12
DERIVATION OF
LANGUAGE
| From' ' ' I ) ret l'idiam Origin. Speech by Fr the HEN a language is said t it does not mean that th from Tamil. There are languag's like ( 1'k. (-t:... which llal v do rota the origin of the speech. Tetili Inted the generico se'ls to W vowels and to the diphthor iliak I1 on er so veral (if the the conlinn unity of origin of til It the same time the ori Tit 1'econciled, have to be broug Tamil root. Still, as words Di'; widiau.
Languages, like Hebrew h; we retained the prinitive etc. Which h: hell form liquid.
The pure - we wel and pri to be strictly derived. The con mo primitive speech.
Fr : In ther'e, they los se'l which branched off from the w (i lind thimi Il I W.
| 11 this s{-11s!". Sinh:ll{'s{" | fro T; inlil,
It should be remembel'ed, in the ('hapter, The Age sense of a word ill, it language the strale wordt in another specific sells'.
The derivati III of :I langll of its vocabulary from th (! another language, OT by agg ing to it, since the mother"-to)

THE SINHALESE FROM TAMIL
mal Philosophy of II 7. Pri fr »» ir Arl. "Y". ("... ( 'lossE' | ( h(* derives from DT1vill:111, whole vocabulary is derivil
Egyptian, Sunlerial, chiefly iled the " plu 1'(o-voro) W (el I'loots i + ! Their w well-roots haw' in it -lhi (•lh is «: u 1tırı1( )I1 t { ) th (" |i W" (" ng er i of Tamil. They ha X i
specific senses. This shows he languages in questiol, all by of Tamil, since all, to be hit back to the unity of the they are the same as in ill
v". N:41 1skrit, Si11h;ul(*s (*. (* t (",, )ra vidian roots - ', ', (Il. Y('', (ld by agglutination with :
Initi v Trots cannot b) * s; il y existed in the same and
into the respective la Iguages, common stock, and in which
cIllt ( sail ti) e derive
however, as I have explailled of Words, that the generi..., gives to it the priority over language. Where it has the
alge begins with the formation nominal Cor verball stols i f utination of elements belongngue, of a same word existing

Page 13
YE YNN J .
Nf W (FIA (7 E" F
in different language is that ti W' (''' (''l("ı11("I hts,
li li tillis is-sit: w - will s'' - t Ta stil.
In his Sinhales (ranim four hundir el Sinhales el wor lear le cl Muda liya I' had to limi ther' are thousands of word gul:; ge's. Il de } not spek of til both tlh - la Iguage's Inrich t Sinhalese and Tamil.
It would take an ety Inol of time all trouble to establis yw 'l' the other. Still, this yw'r is derived from Tamil, suppo Words is established in f: voul « » f lil1g1i1isticos (* could use: its w:ar WI'ss. It to fact the Onslau grool I n 1 cd. In the questi bill ( bf Tho neutr:Il ground since hu fill.
Th' deriv: tit 11 0 f, Sinhal, langu: ''s, from Talil, c; In universial l; W of Tail, whi Sinhalese vocabulary, but : by the Sinha les el suffixes, whi noli ns. as ill the other l:Inguag Suffix's in languages are While sleech.
As W' h; W stil... the l; (if Wirds, is the Oile which ellements.
The law is still more st ilt whose to impositioul ins which by themselves have Il (* b I il po 0 stad (If Illins ac adje. of the tongue for these parti suffixes are common to the th (* Inaternity for the whole compositions with inseparable words is clini lated.

TH ኮና N . ES E " R () l/ 'Y".-| „II I Y
which possesses its Constitul
hit Sinha les et is clorivo el fr) |
La I", A. M. (Glula seker: gives ds talkol fro Il Tamil. The it himself. The fact is that ls common to both the lanle Sanskrit words with which their literature, but if pure
ogical lexicon i Ind a good deall h the priority of a vocabulary 11uld not provt' that Sinh:ll("s{o ising the priority of all these ' of Tallil. For, solo sch) ol '-horse, i.e., its theory of loanght. but to I'e treiat te nelltiral the origin of speech, there is man speech covers the whole
is , like that of all the (the 'i' be pro ved, lot only by the is ' stes : ' + fou ulod il the lso, and nore con vincingly, ch al'e Tamil verb:l stems (T
, - -
respectively connon to the
W is that the other-tollgut' possesses their constitutive
Tingent in the case of words opar: bole, i.e., those suffixes meanings, enter. For, words :tivos est; blish the Internity icular words. But since the whole speech, they establish
speech. So, in the case of suffixes, the theory of loa. Il

Page 14
THE
SIN HALESE WORDS DERI
'Frl Rift for "r": Fiji'
fir Pr" | t H.!l:I., t. i I [) 4:1s h1 - .. till li li kira. titta, to push . . tatt Lılki r":1, i III, t } { y ffer , , oppukir: ywisi, ti a thro yw a Y%" ally" . . wisikkir;
paTraa (pro 101 Ille-eclitatt: ), , , ParrukiT:
t kild le
sīli, ti "Ts: ... ikki; sīti, to 18311. fir - -satikkirH pirak asi, toshio . , piralaksik i" lī, ti Tlei", it '. , tiyatı ikli
W T111111 hệT IIf (tillPT wTrtl8 l11 Lill" pulverize, etc., Will le full in lexic
SINHA LESE WORDS DERIV
PARTICIPLE '7' : * ''' a'r r ' & LI I' u ... tiġi li lbie ... , L11 it; L. pil, ti silit pilt to pierre
krcilla... tiro take: , , kolita
| riլ , , нег1 (1111111 pasti hii Seyya. t) Hışık : , , soyt sella. til fl 1v , , -sell rtl K IT K:FIL di I ) Liri, tri filisi, ta ç't - 11:lur le: tirrit 11 LI liya, to 8 d'oss . . . Iki 1t:
usa infin, Isakka, t e , , 118lt:
high, list tith, 1 lift III
| A, ti i gi', ,''' . . It :
t5.TH. II, III:ller stad, l' 11- . . to-t'il at #1
sirler, etçi. Fut partie, ter Im : Werl. III i 111 || || lt 111'E.
tForII - Wyal : Stær i trak
alllii I i ii s t ii'li i ii lliiT ll vyā, ' 11". t. lbi * it.
paini, to li » W. velle Tato - рапіпla pongka, to boil. swell . , Ongkill wil. t ii h llblab issi I Im ll , , wiInt:
"his is of 'ord

T"|4 Als || L
VED FROM TAMIL STEMS
f'err's': ciple
ki'l
T
Է:1111t: l'H Վt",
II 1:.
Νί η Μια εξε
. , fallukil ril, 11 1118l
. . t;Att Nıkili. T"H., t i ) |J 11sll
. . a polk är:
- wisil, lk arall, ti'i throw" a "W", h.y.
- att i ukar H. ti i kindle
, salah kHT:1, 14 h (* 11 Tso - liitikakr. 1 Es: T''
rel; as a keral, to publish ... liya II: ka 1:1, të OrdeT lik il tri, ti live, tti, ti i
ED FROM PAST RELATIVE IS OR TENSES
፴Wሶ'ዖ ሾ !"í'ታ
ሶና†††Wiሰ፣ Wሶ(ና፡ . . ital, ti hii:
, liu hud, [ ili split
i vici. t i hii TF2 : V1, E211- YA *, T i 1
Heparate
. . gilti, t. t.i.l.a. gitt H, 1; -1
teilsso, h{ g }t
cluince il ett 1). Et tugalit A. t. Té l'eiv', lt
Titicipal: }
oni I 1 1 1 1. *r*il
:l
is, "I"amil Ece Trılık :) HıtH silla, El Imlilke ... sill 11, fl. Willig
, 1 inclui1-karia, to i tillishi , , 111 linta, tí í dr:88 . . I santa, ti lift 1, il sililla, illi. high, ihal: , 'I'; inil isill lenta, til give. Til Silla le se base is de, p;los participle di t rreti, te i 1 I ELoT;st LT1 Il
. . t k =rL11:1. W"e:T-l1;al 1 l I 1 LI1
tor: , ilii. orlal 1131III
, Ilka-kala 'til 14::tic
with t T: , , illt-TT't ... elali. 13. stik ... waIlta, wellti. Tij lxt:"O III"
til 3 li , , , : Italinit: , ','i'Ile:Taltë ... (Inggalla-Wa, to H well
... puiiliInta... ti li li biss iiml
r 'Thief

Page 15
VJ EFR || |"|T"NY J.W. () F
L - N'-(, E. F.
SINHALESE NOUNS DERIVED
Fill, tyi o gr yw'r ll . . : . El TT I
pira, to bH" hiir"| 1 . . [si TH I 14; II,
tāll. II, 11 : low", istorill ble . . tall nt: vil. t i sa || ... wilita (4 ||
M 111111111. r I f Silla; ili se 111111115. ili o Til i 11 ler. I ro i 11 til samt ra SF.
INSEPARABLE SINHALESE Sl WERBAL FORMS, I
Eira, Will:1, llai
Werelda kiri illa, lor:1st, lit. hi #4 vitig i 1 ilk Wi-lda listilla, A lig, lit. la sing : sil Sith. l.; IIT" Illā, I li'r llit, halv i 1g glal YY": Sikh, maallallā. || I || 1: 1-1 Illa). I 1:1. Il 31 r. Wall li
Siin h. dalk Lira ( I ) il leit 1:1, |-2) in bilul. y
|gta vecd). (2) ha ving liiertel, ble biss.
- Wii. - '': "H, a Wail, Will. - Walt. LtlaLLL LtLLLLLLL LL LtttLS LL CtaLLS SaSS LL SS ""Lt. ",,"1":. " ", Sinl, Wall'1- wä. H. Hill ter, I Wadi L. I Sinh, gur Il-war:1-wã, H troño-hệ t", SiIlli, Rudelli va Ita-y", ¡l Klint. Sinh, phảl:1-wall. fruitful, Siim li ... li li w III, li hall- wra li tali, billi w il-fill. Rill. hir Levy a 1. Li YY".
In The We Freds i T tillis (ilt og Ty, the LLaL aat L taaa tttLLLLLLL LLLLtLLL LLLL
-ñ., -#il;.. 7i I 11. ä "A" - . 7á I hi, R P1" 3A. T1 1. a is the root if lith the irivilitiwi" iik wiliti e iikka, to make, "Th' : III Sinhalese. I give (11lly (11le installet“ () sinh... minis, hì1ma II - Illinill-ã, th!" ( Ill!" Sinh. pārik.ch-aka-yā (811ffix aka), the Sinh, pTom-ã11H (8uf. atla), m{'H 811 TE". Sinh. prasi-ñwa (Huf. aw), D''|'Hsi011. Sinh, 1-y-H m | 811 f. alm I, lead.

| E SINI - ESE ' () | W" | Il W / /
FROM TAMIL PAST TENSES
HII || I - WĘ. govor II. Il f”Ilt
.. bili da. a logalluy ; hiria udal. Vir: Lisative sellsco, a wife, ('imp, Arabic Wallcl. H. -lill: via la di thir II
f't . . li lil hilali , aa llik bi I r I llllIl is list to -- vali 11:1 il tri, l'
which 1 li riceriw";, tia - I h i < 1 in ir'i" 4111)-i1'io Il T.
JFFIXES WHIICH ARE TAMIIIL ADJECTIVES ETC.
i will: lH:11ւ Ա
1.
x || || || ii i ti,
ʻkr-l iı1 y"e:1.T"s, lit, lj4-irlg liiyI. Jung shoot, lit. | | } being pier' (''til i el l
Illing, oto. Thes!" Sinhale Sto suffixes :ị Tỵ (l:1'i''{{1 SSLLL a LLaLa LLLLLL LLSLLLS EEELLSLL LLLLS
artilirlig ti ) :: Trollit try).
compositi I is et i 1 : c:lle", "", "The si riet mediately. These are the stems (f. Til Iril 1's sit 1. a, to be, to have (til le si ) and of the sitios with these sitfixes al 11 ni ill if (";ւլ:ll.
Wilh, i, is, h 1 1 11:43 ] ... io, fo... I 1 1 FLI 1.
1:IH-I".

Page 16
S THE
The Sill, stiflix twil is th: Tilti
*.卓一 Sinh. trit wa-va, ("I'm 1118ed (If tri, thro Sirill. In a hat-twil, grater less,
Sinh, tại t-lw;1, first principle. C++III til 1, self. T11 vy", il-m, lit. I L'Alt L1 TE2. El i nature, existence by himself, i.e.
SINHA LESE TAMIL
There are: Nihal's: vyrirls in Whi (1) all the {{Institutive elem (2| 4mle if the Istiti i tivo
SiInhla lese. III this s': il “akt og i ry of Wii Tills, LLLa SSL aLL LLL LLL LSLLLLL LLLL S
This process, t } which leo xii'r grå ti explai kilotty Isitilis fisi the t’YA" y la Iguages, friti Which thio y prinitively le and the sale trigo. The rios III is clear : respective v LSLLLLLLLLm00LK LLLLLGLLL LLLaLLLLSSS are entirely derived from Tamil the |elst apparelt ly, il Si Lhallesso a Lly.
Sith. La Law e daihu W. L. Willi,
This wril is 'is' if : 1:11, k H III. vaři, husl 11 l. elief, *ti. T:kırı. 11 T:1. pist Hıttici|'ıl: çif Hırii, İli'li Sinh, H'mlỵ11, | | } wife, I2) w{ifPT.
The ety Inological sense is a wif husband is finishel destri yed, deild.
&iIL h. līılı is et fi ırırl ini Taa Ilil Biut, il we llave Tecurso t the 5. « " Wrirls), Weo find it theore With : H1 hori
14:11,1:T,
The volitive etymological sells' il v blittivi se Ilse is slit. S 14:h is tillo languages. In the wir wise, the sei that the whole (: III pi sitie i Il is. Ti inil. Ninh. kalihli ulı I. ti'; rts.
lX LI dırılı is, il the si; III, 4' : 1 si", T Tail compositill kill-tuli, drips (if Sinh. kana. mī'āIls PHT - with t yw Mould bir di Trys if theo "34 rs,

T. W.
l III i III till W" FL- 11. || II:lity", la trą“, t. t.
e al Lici twa, trinity, lit, Ila tre of thi Tee
;1 re. Til Iihil tilt-tuw-il. T. composed of i. suffix II learing the I.", lit, the Ill , the Supreme Being. God.
COMPOUND WORDS
ch;
Int s ii r "l'ali, I i ii l,
(': 'ları Lets H T Taa III il III i si binle z r.
it would see In that Sinuhaille-sur-l' tituluak iluna • other fri II Tamil.
li: "s ve re: "se, ir ti: tirgu* A firls is dissil Il in the is Ti:Llk' th' i'r I list it is i ti w'r 'l' i 'h' i hts yw'r
'; Eilaries live it been for Ile ly It fill i wss that the Sinha lesE were is 1 ligh d Hr bir il of the fiirler. III Ferit- ix faylı il ki, Hıt Egy.
LL LSL LLLLLL LL LSS LSASSSKSSSS
- deriver if her Illisi; I d I' whils' i... ; wid i w". | with the specifie se se Wife. til of the word (see Chapter The Souls * priminitive sco:Tilsito, , +o, , Amp 1 , { I | ZATTI · w',
Kif Ii II llp u, is piercti I u I. splitti ig ; th ilIl fam1": { } f will al II i II Full the prinitiv: aa LLL LLLLHLSLaLLLLS aLS SLaL Lt KaaaS
h' i' ty, Illi gi Hl sills' is kill in the Lilla' 'yes, hi:H, I rı 4":4 rıiIIgg, tli e: e:ty"I I i i ol« ygir":H I serIs+:

Page 17
// IE''/'' | ' | T | () W () "" W. HW (I, IV, s. El F"
Iglve the genealogy of root kan, te It is derived from stem akkin- of root i=(k) -kir1 > kl.
As I have explained, the senses. the figul rativ': selse, ille, perceive. Il 'ye, the sensc piercing of Tamil. is p SEP'ific sells' 'If' in Sinhales.
Sinhalese retained the sense pier (2) in Wortlis Which tok the negative s Sinuh. Pūlakka Ing. 'at's eye, the precio Pll Illikili, kal, lit. stole eye, the Sinh. kā11H. atljective, blind. It is the Sinh, kallā, a blind man. In Tamil k:
Il Sinh Alle se ka. Il -ā, -ā, is the sulfii Sinh. kanlak.HT:1, tin hlind.
In the above words and in those suffixes entering the composition of Sinhaltose, in 1ste cd of prefixing them. Sanskrit.hits retained them as suffixes,
TH Tit.
Here We have Hiri instance of this: . Salinsk, ka II. IN 14:a in : ( 1 ) to love, desire,
ing Tacit, il With Tamil kā, to se
|:i), | 1 | tt | ::: , S:t Imsk, ka Plat, kana || H. blind in orie [“ነ'ሂ' ,
*ir ılı. [ilk killiyi, ı, villaitı ; Tilk ka of takka, to be: prope", becoming, wor
of thir Sin ılır. yw'r bril.
Sih. kanI
Sith. kl. 11; II-lea. Ils a t-tibil. As I sh freml stem fikam of Trio 1 å by the drop li “se fi TrIn I'd the reguilar I1I *gative a-ka III It Hélı pote:Id the: Thrillil ge: Instructi, irlilctive. As call lie seen from the wo suffixes arra, illai, enter the compositio.
"We a Te now emerging into an age v learn to live side by side in peaceful i

T"Fl E SIN L ES. El } F*() kW 7"-s 1/ NL
( make, tio see. et co., iri :lIlOther" chapter. by met at hesis of the primitive vowel.
ill general, pierce ald are pierced in the Mohenjo-Daro, inseriptions, kan, ictul reci by" Ar 1 arri II w. kana took the
"l'iII1g. ) f" k:II I. f'\,"", 1 || } in 1, 2 bri 198 fositik bi u. ense o Tainil. E.,- 18 stole. It is the Tam. Somposition
ats y or lapis lazuli, : Tamil killi. It seeing. 1111 , bilind, H is negative,
* {1:Լ՝ Ill
which follow. We find Tamil negative Sill-Allie's“ XV Circls, III, these words. ils it illway's does, like Greek and The Worls passerlin a "construct"
Ag: ries i f. Sa Illskrit. se I 1+4! of H.k; I, III1 ; t.his is 4 liıuk (2 hIL nıe:t . ". 8.). (?) 10 g | T 1 it al.), (3) te rejoice,
cihiwi is the Tamil negative tikk-jita thy ; hello, the senses rogue, l'ascal
It'lli, li li wy", low ill Gel eral Wiew, kama is derived ping of the Trinitive ya well. Sinhail, illilitic, Til å kl. 11-il vir illaai ir kalimmeli, lit. |rds givet i hove, the Tam. negative İı (}| Sin hı. yy’ırris,
Yhe Te diferen civilisations have lo interchange, '-PEARSON.

Page 18
MARY OF
() W. Jesus open alld II':|
un popula," that he was
The holy | R. H.h his idir All the » Iministor: ble utic::ListS - the bli 1 d. the dumb, the " In Yet he spoke of the Law W the Law w : s ml: (leo: fi » I' In: 111 He sail that the La W sh Trias In lol. If it wis 11 bt. 1 regarded. Ho troated : l│ │ T hin ther- was neith (*r J beg: I, II) hate him. They in in his own home-town. Alld
Mary never forgot that boy went, Out Of the hous' that day, Mary's face Wils I ;about the house' helping lle'r and baking. Often she wol the inner Toon at the back
The child'' ('la II Ol' come and tell us stories agi gone to a very far place where he had gone for in O ( )
The days passed and household meltioned Jesus
One evening as they st a traveller came running all knocked so loudly that the door. The traveller spoke north into (alilee followed It was like a star.
Mary ran forward trem
* Did you se ("sus Thil hrncls to ho" side.

NAZARETH
Link ways had mill' hill sty fore to leavo Nazarot. not approve of hill at all. if the city were his friends : laimed. He was no scholar, ith authority. He said that ... and Ilot man for the Lil W. uld be both charitable : 1 the In thı ( : L': 'w sh)lılrl lı" (lisihu II lain beings, exactly alike'. w ill" (eltile. The Rallis de it dificult for hit to stil y l( VVeilt.
early d:L wIn when, her elderst dressed for a journey. F1's 111 e ver the same, but she wen! daughters with their sweeping
lid sit se wing by the door of if the courtyard.
el for Jesus. Wheel will lle' iI, they would cry. Has he No on told tell the children + lki fè vw"
beca 1 1 - wel 's. No) (1114 in th - l llll I llll' .
t rund the table für Supper. the way from the gate and y all got up and rail to th: (f Jesus. ' He is colling y multitudes. I saw his face.
|)lir 1g.
'' she whispered, pressi11glleT

Page 19
Y ( ) " .N
* Yes, and het seilt; y Q || coming to Can- and to mee weddingI.
Why do you weep, Sacre C Her son was returning hor spread throughout all the only lay her head on the tabl
- To create a little flower

- 2 - FETY
a message. He said he is it him at our Kins WO illa. Ils
| Mother ? It was ti) () much. ne. His fame had already South country. She could e and weep for gladness.
is the labour of ages. '
-WILLIAM BLAKE.

Page 20
THE “KURAL” OF THE CONCEPT DHA
By C. RAJASINGH. Lom
THಜ್ಡ has been through the central yet all-perv
the ordering of society a of Dharma. The entire pal the society as it now is in its On the principle of a religiou personal interests were subord the conception stressed of d individual rights: the ethic This pattern of life was det expediency, commercial welf laissez-faire but by a rigid ac evolved by tradition, custom to which was sanctified by t. a religiously ordered society. ceived any vague anthropor and transcendant Power wil sanctity of every being and the impersonal aimed at self. of swadharma.
The “ Kural * Of Valluv: the highest attainments in by the Tamil sociologists. second or third century, A.D. class and he is remembered life, typical of the Hindu always remained the ideal C she who co-operates in the ful duties enjoined of a house collection of 1330 maxims v statement of the Hindu relig poetical form it is almost has been translated into many
12

WALLUWAR AND (ON OF HINDU RIMA
AM, B.A. (Honours) don. ۔
the ages of Hindu thought asive development which is nd its functions on the basis itern of Hindu society (not state of decay) was founded s intergration of life wherein inated to the needs of others; uties and obligations before of action and of active love. rmined not by questions of are or by the philosophy of herence to rules which were
and observance, conformity he observances and ethics of , By religion was not conmorphism but an immanent nich emphasised the inner which from the personal to realisation through the path
ur belongs to the period of the ideal society portrayed Its author belonged to the Valluvar was of the weaver or the value of his personal householder. His wife has f a Sahadharmacharinifilment of social and religious holder. The * Kural ' is a, rhich are in fact a codified ious and social life. In its untranslateable, although it
foreign languages.

Page 21
TH E * KU RAL' O. F. W.
CONCEPTION QF
Valluvar begins in the m beginning was the Word, th the Vedic seers which in the ( God. He is the fountain-h therefore what learning is the adore Him? But Valluvar in worship because the object without likes and dislikes. T ment to one’s religion becau is perceived mostly among th religious labels. Valluvar's without attributes, the One all pursuit is dedicated, the C and boredom, which in Elio who turn from, God,” and til soul from external recurrenc attributes are ‘வேண்டுதல் வேண்ட ** இருள்சேர் இருவினையும் சேரா இறை: central motif of life which “leading from darkness to ligh Hindu life throughout the fi (student), Grihasta (househ dweller), and Sanyasa (asceti centralised in the householde because he is the support ar Valluvar emphasises this ; ; life he chose the path o Coomaraswamy says The In contract undertaken as a soc alike, not for happiness but and religious duties. It is n passion, and it is indissoluble, for ends that are realizable a It is because of this urge tha houses the Indians set apar or the roofless ones. This is $637200 without which a Hi every village the householder ஐ சத்திரம் and அம்பலம் which places for the poor and asceti இறந்தார்க்கும் இல்வாழ்வான் என்ப

ILL U VAR AND THE 13 H IN DU DHA RMA
anner of St. John that in the e plá, Jth or the Omkaram of reative Principle is known as ad of all knowledge ; and re which does not in humility rescribes a detachment even of man's worship is the One nere is danger even in attachse a great deal of irreligion pse who brand themselves by God is therefore the One to whom all knowledge and )ne whose love dispels sorrow t is “ the weariness of men, he One who can redeem the e. In his own words these -ாமை” “தனக்குவமை இல்லாதான்,' 21657 ” Valluvar emphasises the is an impersonal endeavour t, from death to immortality.' bur stages of Brahmachariya older), Vanaprastha (jungle c or contemplative) has been r whose is the most valued d sustainer of all the others. and that is why in his own householder. As Ananda dian marriage is an impersonal ial debt by men and women for the fulfilment of social pt based on romantic love or just because it is undertaken art from individual interest.' t even in the construction of a portion for the wayfarer I known as the FTOJL9 or i pub ndu home is incomplete. In or (266j ThouH637 built a temple, were meant to be resting '. ' துறந்தார்க்கும் துவ்வாதவர்க்கும் ான் துணை. *

Page 22
14 THE T
In the lines above Valluv holder is the support of the as In referring to the dead he si the traditions of the dead since a perfected instrument in th thought of as a debt to be rel one has that reverence One c. which made possible a life w interests were voluntarily sl and spiritual interests of the was therefore less important th in the progress of the fourfolc final development of the indi the householder to the sannya like the Spirit of God that and has never become anyone where one looks forward in O. security, the urge was, in th not to an economic independ ent of economics. It is here bowl or pichcha pathra is who fails to go with his begg does not himself alone fall drags the householder away f the begging-bowl when he gav it was symbolic of an ascetic representative of the spirit seek to destroy the greatest life both in the Grinhasta and of the orders was inextricably on the basis of the law of Dha
In respect of the poor, the re-iterated more and more The rich hold their wealth in selves. “ To assuage the deac treasury of the rich, says the he says, “takes everything t love gives even his bones to soul without love is like the on stony ground.' The prin is hospitality and alms-giving by industrious toil in order that

"AMIL
ar underlines that the housecetic, the poor and the dead. nows the need for respecting a by the very fact that man is e social evolution his life is paid to his ancestors. Unless annot continue the tradition herein individual and selfish ubordinated to the welfare
whole society. The ascetic hat the householder, although ashramas the ascetic is the vidual. As one passes from usin one becomes a nobody cometh not from anywhere
Unlike the present time, ld age to a pension or other e words of Coomaraswamy, 2nce, but to a being independthat the idea of the beggingimportant. The sannyasin ing-bowl to the householder from the Dharma but also rom his. The Buddha took e up a kingdom not because : order but because he was of his time and would not inheritance of the Hindu the Sanyasa stages. Each interwoven with the others
a.
householder's special duty is emphatically by Valluvar. trust and scarcely for themlly hunger of the poor is the Poet. “ The loveless man,’ o himself; the man full of others; and “ the life of a sprouting of a dried-up tree nary duty of a householder ; ; and he acquires property 5 he may practise well-doing.

Page 23
THE * KURA L’ OF W.
CONCEPTION OF
** இலனென்னும் எவிவம் உரையா6 before a man should come
he is poor is to Valluvar th One might be inclined to con such feelings are bound to enc and unless the test of pove form of promiscuous charit But to beg was always cons too no one was expected of rectitude. ' olij3bsi 55 f3 ol. in poverty is the virtue of the poetess who is a siste) countries have always been
of large populations pressing In India alone, on the basis o means of eliminating povert intervention at the present d centuries of foreign rule whi socially enlightened society
grave economic problems be initiative and charity as well assistance for the curing of t of individual selfishness, gre These may in themselves be commercial life of the pres we have bargained for has
and moral degradation. revolution and of the dead apprehended simply on the has struck at the roots of a s the ages experimented with and by trial and error had f by bread alone and in the
** அருட் செல்வம் செல்வத்துள் 56ðÓTSODI LÒ ĐOÀ7, ” “ that God” the greatest wealth; weal even the vulgar have.
Valluvar's householder dual because he was the wor society. At home he prac

LIL U V 4 R 4 W II) T' IHI E | 5 H IN DU DHA RMA
MLO FF 3, ŠI). ” “ To give even to one's door and say that e greatest quality of charity. :lude at the present day that Ourage a class of idle beggars; rty is properly applied this y can lead to great harm. idered wrong and in poverty to deviate from the path. றுயிைற் செம்மை. ’ ‘ Rectitude the poor, says Auvaiyar of Valluvar. The eastern confronted with the problem on the means of subsistence. f dharma, has been found the y which no amount of state ay has helped to solve. The ch destroyed the fabric of a has only presented us with cause there is less individual as more dependence on state he ills which have grown out ed, exploitation and a varice. the result of the industrialsent day. The prosperity
contributed to our spiritual The impact of the industrial weight of empirical science basis of economic success, ocial order which had through that monster of success ound that man does not live words of Valluvar :-
செல்வம் பொருட் செல்வம் பூரியார் Grace and benevolence are th in (material) possessions
vas the most perfected indivicer, educator and supporter of ised the highest virtue and

Page 24
16 T H E
his children were his specia. upbringing to enable them to religiously enjoined duty whic ஆற்றும் நன்றி அவையத்தும் முந்நி duty to his child is to enable place in the society of learned states that the wisdom of one happiness to oneself but also To the mother the joy of seeir the highest virtue (9 Taigoja that succeeds the pain of his be an ornament of society; bringing were severe and dis turn to take upon himself the holder's life. In learning he is ledge, dispel ignorance (59. truth which his learning has trade of his father he was ex adept. Perseverence and un to be more powerful than th even to defeat the workings o யும் உப்பக்கம் காண்பர்.)
All activity was vocatio) purpose and every trade was the effort was impersonal and the trader or merchantman suspect was enjoined to prae
* வாணிகம் செய்வார்க்கு வா? GauSait. ' ' The quality of to respect other's goods as h This would be a safe mo individual tradesmen but all of altruism have made them workers in co-operative and ot
On the art of Governmen of Ksatriya dharma wherei take care that he ruled v fairplay as otherwise 21606); செல்வத்தைத் தேய்க்கும் படை ” ‘ stroy the ruler's prosperity

"AM I L/
care. Their education and continue the tradition were a n he must fulfil. “gifb605 napg, 2C5 JLJó (old Udi). ' ' The father's him to occupy the foremost
men.' In the next 'Kural' he s children does not only cause iO every other being.(Ln3516945)ii) g her child, called a person of 7) is greater than the joy birth. The child is meant to
and his education and up3iplined to enable him in his share and burden of a houserequired to acquire true knowB) and live by the inner urged him to know. In the pected in time to become an stinted labour were believed e forces of karma to be able f that inscrutable law (261160) to
hal and inspired by a divine a traditional dharma wherein never for exploitation. Even
whose occupation is now otise dharma.
Eகம் பேணிப் பிறவுந்தம் போற் a good merchantman is e would respect his own. ' all code for not only our so for those whose feelings take part as members and her Societies of our day.
, Valluvar presents a picture in the Ruler is enjoined to fith justice, humanity and பட்டு ஆற்றறு அழுத கண்ணிான்றே
the enemy that will dewill be none other than the

Page 25
THE “ K U RA L’ OF V CONCEPTION OF
tears of the oppressed. He highest Law enunciated by அயத்திற்கும் ஆதியாய் ’) as of acts on its own initiative, un it will not be Law, but only reg The State according to Vallu be neither extreme hung internal squabbles (o JODIL 19fu. and the aim is to keep til the citizens free from the tain and disunity. ' The world, excellence of the good princ enmity into friendship. W habituated to intemperate li hospitals to ward our sick b construction nor of medical ex reduce sickness or the wide among our people. The tru and avoid illness; for thes physical work and agreeable
* மருந்தென வேண்டாவாம் ய a Gohai." “There is scarcely body if one can ponder over already taken and then necessary.
Vallu var has given expr The terseness and epigram given his “ kural ' a uniqu Like the Buddha he prescri order to overcome desire, the whatever object thou dost 1 that object thou shall not s - * யாதனின் யாதனின் நீங்கியான்
Like Christ he admonishes :
neighbour in the morning, in the afternoon.’’
Of the morality of ga. this to give. 'Take no plea in gambling. Even winning golden hook.'

ALL U VA R AN D T H E I 7 HINDU DHARMA
shall rule in conformity with the Seers (* அந்தணர் நூற்கும் herwise “ if the Regnum advised by the Sacerdotium, gulations that it promulgates. far is one where there shall er, insufferable illness nor ம் ஒவாப் பிணிையும் செறு பகையும்) he mind, body and soul of t of poverty, physical ailments says Valluvar, “ rests on the e who knows how to change e who are for the most part ving look to the building of but neither the pace of ward tension services has helped to spread incidence of ill-health 2 wisdom is to avoid poverty 2 more charity, more active
dieting are necessary. ாக்கைக்கு அருந்தியது அற்றது போற்றி any need for medicine for the the quality of food one has 3onsume that which is just
ession to fundamental truths. matic use of language has e place in Tamil literature. bes a singular detachment in besetting evil in man. “ From ake away thy craving, from uffer pain.
நோதல் அதனின் அதனின் இலன். ” ** If thou dost harm to thy harm comes of itself to thee
mbling and drinking he has sure, even if thou shoudst win, is as if a fish swallows the

Page 26
8 THE
‘'வேண்டற்க வேன்றிடினும் குதி Lẩ6ổi 6ìqQāIâu lị),0.” “ If thy Own feel sorrow at thy drunkenne not suffer among the learned chastise evil.
* ஈன்ருள் முகத்தேயும் இன்ஞ் சான்றேர் முகத்துக்களி. *
It is difficult, in the comp the many matters of Valluvar'. Let it suffice to reproduce h Schweitzer On the “ Kural.' Kural draws the ideal of si the most varied questions con himself and to the world its u nobility and good sense. Th ture of the World a collection ( much lofty wisdom.'
One may add that now been incorporated so succino yet so tersely the basic co) which for the Indian sociologi day lays down the determinar way of life, so peculiarly India ate to our social and econo the impact of Industrialism c East have had enormous created problems of food, clo the economists and political because we never loved life so saw una veritas in variis s never a diversity in the uni hatred of man-that hatre himself within. Like the p the lacrimae rerum when he the outpourings of love? T the eyes of the person full of l (mentem mortalia tangunt).
** அன்பிற்கும் உண்டோ அடை
புன்கண் நீர் பூசல் தரும்.

"AMIL
னை வேன்ற து:உம் தூண்டிற் பெகன்
mother so forgiving should 'ss, what reproach will thou ones who are ever ready to
றதால் என் மற்றுச்
ass of an article, to reproduce s statement of Hindu Dharma. ere the words of Dr. Albert
* With sure strokes the mple ethical humanity. On cerning the conduct of man to tterances are characterised by ere hardly exists in the literaof maxims in which we find so
here in Indian literature has 'tly, so comprehensively and nceptions of Hindu Dharma st or economist of the present ht for generations to come of a in, yet so universally approprimic conditions. These even annot alter because we in the populations but they never othing or shelter which baffle sophists of our day. This is
much as to lose it and always ignis varie resplendeant and ty which has resulted in the d which destroyed the man oet of all ages, Valluvar saw : uttered '' what can restrain he small drops of tears from ove are themselves sufficient.”
க்குந்தாழ் ஆர்வலர் ps

Page 27
HITLER AND H
THE old-fashioned way of minority peoples was lin the moral judgments O had some part of the old noti its brother's keeper.
Adolf Hitler changed all look at this typical man of many like him alive even too at all, unless it were the bac acquired as an army corporal. tion whatsoever though he physical physiognomy, and ir a clown. To this pestilential
And 2
Well, the sequel is urgent “The Wall by John Herse Journal must surely read. S
It is that baleful year, Warsaw, the beautiful capita the bare walls of the Cita buildings in the heart of the saw University, the Opera are badly damaged.
The Jews of Warsaw all of them among the most lear In all, there were 359,827 Je
November 4, 1939, was of a young Jewish couple : He, as usual, has forgotten t bered. She wishes to give She is in good spirits: a dark eyes and a docile, soft her long, black hair glisten along to a bakery, swingin tilted back to face the friend
Meanwhile, her husban walking along, looking at th

IS MINORITIES
dealing with inconvenient mited by a decent respect for f others. The word Justice on that each nation is indeed
l that. Let us take a brief our Atomic Age. There are day. He had no background kground of murder which he He was a man of no educapretended to learning. In mental makeup, he was but creature vast power came !
tly portrayed in a book called y which every reader of this hall we read it together ?
1939. The German siege of l of Poland, has ended. Only del stand. The magnificent city are totally ruined. WarHouse, the Lutheran Church
re a great community, many ned and artistic in the world. ws in Warsaw at that time.
the fifth wedding anniversary Dolek and Symka Berson. he event, but she has rememhim a surprise that evening. lelicate girl, with quick, big, mouth. The sunlight makes with lustre. She is walking g her arms freely, her head
y sky. d is also out in the street, 2 damaged town and thinking
)

Page 28
20 THE
bitterly, with part of his mir centuries before, set for them them a people apart. Sudde sudden motion. A small boy street, stopped abruptly by
deep for something in a packe thing out, and with four or fiv on the wall. Then he spur appeared.
Dolek Berson quickened the little sprinter to such sp blank wall, already half a do: and looking at a cartoon of “ insultingly, dismissingly a
Musing as to what the people, Dolek Berson saw ah twenty agitated persons. Dr they were men of his own cor the Jewish Community Buildi a meeting of the Judenrat (C given only twenty minutes for a It was impossible to find the tw So the Jews (who knew the ( Building such of their numbe the required quota was gathere
A young German office
“Arrange yourselves into Next a roll call.
“ Ben le Vi ! ''
** Here
(Ben levi, the distinguishe
Peace Prize).
** Perl
** Here (H. Perl, the distinguished " Levinson! ”
** Here ''

"AMIL
d, of their Moses who, forty a pattern of life which made nly, ahead of him, there is a has darted swiftly across the a high, brick wall, reached d pocket, whipped that some2 bold strokes drawn a picture ted up the street and dis
his steps to see what urged eed. When he came to the Zen passers-by were standing Hitler and across the face, huge X.
future had for him and his ead of him a knot of about awing closer, he found that nmunity standing in front of ng. The Germans had called ouncil of Jewish Elders) and ssembling the full twenty-four. enty-four in twenty minutes. Germans) impressed into the r as they could find. Thus d, Dolek, Berson one of them.
r stands on the platform.
formations. Ranks of four.
d jurist, winner of the Nobel
violinist).

Page 29
HITLER AND H
(Noach Levinson, the dis
After the roll call, the Ge written paper.
“I have an order to re Warsaw. Precautions agains Beginning on the date specific Jews and Jewesses will be set
So it had come The walled within a space, to rem herren volk !
The officer drones on. Order, as well as to assure Councillors of the Judenrat w custody, as of today's date, minated upon satisfactory ex In case the above Order is not time, the said hostages will be
Thus Dolek Berson, who on an errand, found himself ir
To be co

IS MINORITIES 2
tinguished historian). rman officer takes out a type
ad . . . " To the Judenrat, t epidemics, city of Warsaw. 2d below, a residence area for
up.
Jews of Warsaw were to be ain there at the mercy of the
In token of delivery of this its execution, the Deputy ill be received in temporary their confinement to be tercecution of the above Order. carried out within the stated shot.’
had gone out into the street 1 prison.
ntinued )

Page 30
he
REWEE
I The Tamil truly belieu ence for God, for F
that is noble, lovely and t
of all Knowledge. The
grows on the stem of Re
thereof is true Cultures
As I am so are these, As th Thus identifying himself wi Neither kills nor causes to b
来 米
Silence should be so respected
it must leave the world the
米 k
It is he alone who has the lo v is capable of grasping thoro ing practical Brotherhood, sion of our secrets. He : powers, as there is no fear selfish ends.
米
Everyone must be free to
delights him, seems to help
of manhood is always man.
کہ استه

Cummil
RENCE
es that Reverence rever'arents, for Elders, for all rue is the only sure basis fine flower of Tolerance 2verence. And the Fruit
ese are so am II. th others the wise man pe killed.
Sutta Vipata.
k 米
that the words which break better for their birth.
Samma Vacha.
米 米
fe of humanity at heart, who ughly the idea of a regeneratwho is entitled to the posses
alone will never misuse his that he would turn them to
Mahatma Gaimdh.
sk ck
work at what attracts him, him. But the proper study
Goethe.
2

Page 31
FR? E JV E
It is the heart of his own he
man reveres as God. If searches for it, he will rev without.
米 米 உருவு கண்டள்ளாமை வேண்டும், உரு5 அச்சானியராகப் பெறின். IDo not judge men and affairs external form. 'Tis a smal of the great chariot in placc - Thiruvallu Tamil) ck 米 My Lord boasts that He has and planets and keeps it His being. But vain is H the greater temple of my he Маттal
米 Town or woodland, which is Careless beauty love towns
invite 2 Delve into your soul ; there se
ck 米 If the existence of e vil nnen sa
fine persons you have met are mingled in imperfect ch
k 米 Man is destined by his very cannot adequately achiev cannot fully answer. ... - Henry Jones (
ck 水 பொறுத்தல் சிறப்பினை என்றும் அதனை மறத்தல் அதனினு! நன்று. It is always noble to forgive;
self is more excellent.
Thiruvallu var (K

RENCE 23
art, felt beyond himself, that he recognises greatness and 'erence it within himself and
Goethe.
米 米 1 பேருந்தேர்க்சு
by the insignificance of their axle-pin that keeps the wheel
X܂
var (Kural) (Translation from
: ck woven a garland of all stars hidden in the vast temple of is boast, for I hold Him in eart. var (Translation from Tamil).
ck sk sweeter, if for her unveiling ess than where green woods
*ek out life's buried tracts.
- Iqbal. ck ck dodens you, think of the many , and the many virtues that aracters.
Marcus Aurelius. ck 米
greatness to pursue ends he e and to ask questions he
dealism as a Practical Creed).
水 sk
f
to forget injury done to one
ural) (Translated from Tamil.)

Page 32
A BURGHER JAFFNES
E have much pleasure I this valuable contributio Lievers2 is a Dutch Burgher. in 1874. He received his e. Central College. Mr. Lievers; age. His sage words are wort
ـــــــــحسحسســـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ۔
TH: theme of my discou
Tamil-the language though, in view of my remarl might be considered a more : an alien race, should be taking subject may possibly raise a others. My object is neithel speak because I have been m of my limitations, I do so however, that it would be ( birth and a disservice to my longer from a respectful prote a language and literature W studying to some little extent admiration for which I mak forget that Tamil served to b leged with a credential from t kulasingham, Chief Mudaliya Excellency the Governor, I w language to some European for a while, that distinguis Mr. E. B. (later Sir Edward)
Tamil, as universally ac. ancient cultural heritage, and known as Jaffna Tamil to be pre-eminent in purity, received well-merited tribute the seat of Dravidian Culture of place thus attained, no lov silent over a deplorable cir
2

WHO LOWES ETAMIL
in presenting to our Reader's n by Mr. Lloyd Lievers2. Mr. He was born in Point Pedro tire education at the Jaffna, is today eighty-two years of hy of every attentions
se on this occasion is Jaffna, popularly known as suchis, The abuse of Jaffna Tamil appropriate title. That I, of upon myself to speak on this sneer or rouse resentment in to amuse nor to annoy. I oved to speak and, conscious with my diffidence. I feel, lisloyalty to the land of my
conscience if I refrained any est against the degradation of hich I had the privilege of in the days gone by and in my e way for none. Nor can I utter my bread when, privihe late Mr. K. C. B. Kumarar and Tamil A.D.C. to His as engaged as a tutor, in that in Colombo-among them, hed Ceylon Civil Servant, Denham.
Knowledged, is a language of among savants the variety has been generally accepted ucidity and elegance. It has at the “Madurai Sangam '-
in South India. With pride er of the language can remain 3umstance which has arisen
4

Page 33
A BURGH ER WHO LOVE
within recent years, threateni reputation. Particularly reg bility for the vandalism to wi to the sons of Jaffna, themse use of the hybrid dialect whi fashion with the younger gene compatriots of the Norththe mule, offspring of stallior aptly described by an Ame without pride of ancestry or it merely a local excrescence for the Jaffna youth in the na to follow a popular trend: blending of tongues so cons generation of the majority co a long and varied life of 65 ye I am also quite prepared to c of the Jaffna standard of Tam discordance of the many f obtain among the different se
First among the obstruct Tamil is the South India * r emba (much), j as 1 h a mai ' (almost certainly v ar '' (he will certainly e n n a v e nu m (literall want 2 but intended for H all totally unfamiliar to Jaffn prone to despoil the virtue
predilection for the admixture in his own singular sway, li (automatically), a a n e s t (long), “urgent u' (urgen of appropriateness of meaning Grammar he would even co of the two languages, like
t e le pot hil a y (throug home are to be found equally
The Muslims have a pe. words like 'e eker at

S JAFFNES E TAM IL 25
ng to dim its glory and mar its retful is it when the responsinich I invite notice is traceable lves. I refer to the reckless :h has of late years come into ration of my English-educated a form of speech visualising and she-ass, which has been rican writer as an animal hope of posterity. Were , an excuse might be found tural tendency for a sojourner namely the conversational picuous among the younger mmunity in Colombo. After lars in this part of the Island, oncede the extreme difficulty il being maintained midst the Orms of the language which ctions of our population.
tionists to undiluted “ Jafna n, with his expressions like 5 h i (too much), an a i7), v ar at ha, a n c he icome), a va in un akku y, to him, what do you Low is he related to you ?)- a. The South Indian is also of his Tamil by his strong of English words, pronounced ke “ a, a t a m e t i c a l l y ”
(honest), la a ng u t), etc., not always regardiful Under the licence of Tamil bin for himself combinations , yth il a y (at the time), gh the telephone), etc. Nearer
formidable obstacles.
3uliar patois of Tamil, with u (there is), “ sell a

Page 34
26 THE
r a thu (saying), p a it “m a v uth a (dead), k
The Colombo-Chetty Col words, like m. a leth a a English, “ fellow ), “o a m exclusively and understood on their close associates.
Again, there are our Mala mother tongue of their ances have gradually come to foster speaking it in a manner all the of a Malay and, if he happene business connected with a lav that “ tuan ” (gentleman) “
or u v a l k u k.k. k.u. p O Ask for the son and the reply in a a V a n b o O til a y el b o r o o m b o o l a a, t, u m. 1 home 2 His stomach and h; “M a van for 'm a h an r u '' and “ b o o l a, a t u,'' v a y i r u and v i lay a
In the case of the Muslim however, their modes of spee a student of Tamil, may Swabasha of each, cheris succeeding generations-be touched by embellishing han influence.
In striking contrast is th average modern youth of Jaff ative of the purity and inestim ary language, seems desirous C cross-breeding. The lullaby
sleep, his own lispings and ir knee, his natural instinct and to speak of the crowning in combined, have apparently ni ensure his allegiance to Tami foreign lingo into his traditio aid to conversation. Here,

TAM IL
hit t an (he has gone). er r y ” (curry), etc.
mmunity have strange Tamil tt an (equivalent of the p a du (agree), etc., used ly by themselves and perhaps
by friends who, along with the tors from Java, and Batavia, Tamil as a second language. ir own. Call at the residence d to be Out at a funeral or om wsuit, you would be informed m a. i y a m k i p on a r or in a r, as the case may be. would probably he m a V a. r u p p a, m a ? a w a mi u k k u 3 ha an (Will be remain at is play are all his business). ” an “ Z o o di u,’’ ** b o wfor the Tamil “ v e e di u,’’ at tu, respectively.
ns and the Colombo Chetties, 3h, crude as they might seen
yet pass muster as the hed and loyally followed by it said to their credit—unld and untainted by foreign
Le spectacle presented by the ha, who, apparently inapprecilable value of his own hereditof improving it by a system of which cradled him to baby fant prattle at the mother's his native environment, not nfluence of his ancestry, all ot proved powerful enough to or to resist the inroads of a nal sphere as an adventitious as so well expressed in the

Page 35
A BURGH ER WHO LOVE
familiar Tamil proverb (m. p in vantha kombu m of the ears which synchroniz, of view by the horns which a
I have no knowledge of
nor am I aware of the state section of the community, b the younger men in Colomb observation and with severa fairly close contact for year occasion have II, exercising t personal chats among them, the name of the language b “ Inthiiresan ” or “ Thalmul.” sound of Jaffna Tamil, like horse, I have, risking a char times endeavoured to lend only to turn away in disgust a -a style which never fails to life a Tamil youngster steppi * Good morning th o or a n and the reply would be “ a v O. 2 Post Office u kur k and u k on du Oru wa v a ral a a m en du p a a r not a holiday ? I am thinkin seeing a friend, and also takin quite easily expressible in e sorry mixture.
With little fear of contr: today an English-educated Jaf a friendly chat exclusively in This to some may seem an ex a wide substratum of truth i gainsaid. It was not ever t this form of speech is of com was unknown in Jaffna, whi spent 16 years of my life, unti
I do recollect a dialect Thamul which was current nity of my time, with the

JA F'FINES E TAM IL 27
un v anth a ka at h. a. i r a ith a thu), is a case d with birth being shut out opeared later.
urrent conditions in Jaffna, of affairs among the female ut I can speak first-hand of ), who have been under my l of whom I have been in s past. On more than. One he liberty of age, cut in on in order jokingly to inquire ling spoken-whether it was Attracted by the magnetic martial music to an old warge of eaves-dropping, somelar even to private confabs, t the drift into hybrid speech grate on my ears. In social ng out would be greeted with no ?' (Are you going far ?), In driku holiday aln po i or u friend ium İlk u m e d u tı h u k o m d u ki re n 2 Cheerio !' (Is this g of going to the Post Office, g a walk), Enquiry and reply ither language without this
diction may it be said that
na youth who carries through Tamil is a rarity in Colombo. aggeration; but that there is n my observation cannot be tus. So far as I am aware, paratively recent origin. It re (born at Point Pedro) I
1890.
acetiously termed “Parangi among the Burgher commuwords like “e rich i' for

Page 36
28 TH E
meat ' and “ v e r u gu ' of the mixing of tongues ther not in vogue among the Tami the present-day Colleges of th Seminaries, and spoken Engli ding its swaddling clothes. " was then in embryo. I well prior to the advent of Sanskri when ** ha ” had not yet re was pronounced Kindu ; man took the sound of “ yellow,” “ pillow,” etc. rec first syllable. Among the f under the Headmastership oft the late Mr. William Nevin limit of my lively recollection (Licensed Surveyor in later “ God ” as “ gode.” These sol versation among the elders o or in Tamil, was at once an the younger generation. Tl and pellucid and the talk stric which it was begun. To me, precious attraction and it is given the choice, influenced m language in preference to La to be taught as a special subje Nor was it otherwise with n period.
What then is the explai Is the vicious fashion to which of versatility born of the stud ated with a false idea of mode wonder whether it might inc barter between the two lang expression, necessitated by surely this cannot be, seeing general education in North C and having regard also to th myself ever received, in Eng. one and only Alma Mater, koodam ” which has now !

T"AAMIL
for firewood, but even so, a was none. The fashion was ls themselves at a period when e North were still Schools and sh was in the course of shedThe “Jaffna Hindu College
remember the distant days, t characters into Tamil usage. placed “ ka ' and “ Hindu when W with the Jaffna doublechew and the words rived strong emphasis on the low-students in my school, hat renowned Mathematician, s, nearly 75 years ago-the -there was a senior student
life) who always read out ecisms not withstanding, conf the day, whether in English 2ducation and an example to he diction would be choice itly limited to the language in personally, their Tamil was of the model set by them that, ly own decision to study that in, which had just begun to ct in the Principal's sanctum. ny contemporaries of a later
nation of the present decay ? I refer a pose for the display y of English, or a fad associrn civilization ? I sometimes licate a calculated system of uages, for purposes of ready imperfect knowledge. But the marvellous advance of eylon within the last 75 years e fact that all the schooling I ish and in Tamil, was at my the modest Vembadi Pallilossomed into the 'Jaffna.

Page 37
A BRG HIE F HOLO 'E'
Central College. Be the symptoms clearly disclose a demanding surgical Operation of Jaffna without loss of tir effected the clamour for Ta National languages of Lanka as the attempt to convert th Island from English into Swa found to be incapable of col tongue.
Viewing the situation fi Sinhalese is reported to be ma scholastic institutions of Jaff be far distant when the T: language. In such an event, drawn into the present Ta form a connection highly de of Jaffna Tamil, while inci variety of its ingredients, the In his connection I am rem Tamil classmate of mine, employ. During the time o two daily drinks after office ment-a pint of arrack (in t of cow milik at bed time. W and place and was on no acc is an example I would comm men--with, of course, the Tamil for the arrack and th learn English for all its wo mother tongue, but each re and maintaining its own ind poaching on their precious manently prevented and Jai prestige. The advice is tend and it is hoped that it will be

S JA FFIN EAS E T'A M IL 29
diagnosis what it may, the steep-seated canker, urgently at the hands of the leaders ne. Unless a cure were thus mıil to be made one of the might prove to be as a musing e Educational System of the basha, by one who was himself nected speech in his mother
om another angle, now that ide a subject of study in many na, the time perhaps will not mils become expert in that Sinhalese too might soon be mil-English hotch-potch and trimental to the proud name dentally out-rivalling, in the * Odial Kool of Jaffna fame. inded of an erstwhile Jaffna, until lately in Government f his service he was used to hours by way of refreshts) before dinner, and a pint th him each had its own time ount permitted to mix. This end to all his young countrysubstitution of English and e milk. I would have them rth, side by side with their taining its own proper place ividual dignity. Thus would patrimonial preserves be perfna Tamil regain its pristine ared with the best of goodwill accepted in the same spirit.

Page 38
TAMILS
THE University of Malay open a Department of )
1956. In the opinion Sydney Caine, this Depart study of Tamil language a Murasu, Singapore's leadin augurated a Fund to haste Department. The Fund is Life Fund, and stands at Tamils from Malaya and abro is Rs. 150,000, to be utilise books, and books on the Ta history, for presentation to t.
At Trichinopoly, there is known as the Jamal Moham
made rapid growth and has on its roll.
On the 17th October, 19 Mudaliyar, Vice-Chancellor c laid the foundation stone Jamal Mohamed College. T “ Burma-Malayan Building, structure had been borne by and Burma.
Rise Put on your Foliage
s

ABROAD
a (established in 1948) will indian Studies from October, of the Vice-Chancellor, Sir ment should emphasise the d Literature. “ The Tamil g Tamil newspaper, has inn the opening of the new (nown as the Tamil is Our Rs. 38,000 subscribed to by pad. The target of the Fund d for the purchase of Tamil Emil language, literature and he University.
2
a Muslim University College ed College. The College has today l,300 under-graduates
55, Dr. A. Lakshmanaswami of the University of Madras, of the permanent hostel of he building was named the as the whole cost of the * Tamil merchants in Malaya
, and be Serene. ’–HERRIGK.
O

Page 39
AUTOBIOGRAP
AND S
E сотtiтие in this тим I biography of the late
of Balliol College, O Kandy)
H-Hous
CAN clearly remember th choice, when on the veral one evening I gave mysel
In 1918, supposing the definitely—“ The Great Illu months as the longest possib and this was a revulsion from arrangements to send our tw nine, to a new school that w at Kotagiri in the hills by Williams, as Head.
November 18 dawned. five boys of the Royal College me in a small corner classro now part of the Universit playing-fields towards the pa denly the three bells of St. ) out with mellow voice: the the war was over. I seem to again across the years and th spaciousness, of Paradise con bells spoke.
Every voyage, home or was of interest, and not lea British India vessel, less than used for the transport of h Calcutta, but transformed for steamer. It was the only together, the girls and their and their father second : n except at meals. I must

HY OF A POET SAINT
nber, eactracts from the AutoRev. Walter Stanley Senior, rford, and Trinity College,
H
e moment, ‘ the life-dividing hdah of Woodlands Bungalow fanew to the youth of Lanka.
war would continue insion had prophesied three le duration of a modern war, that view-we were making o boys, now aged eleven and as to be opened as from 1919 Ootacamund, under Kingsley
A small class of four or were doing a Greek Play with om of their former building, y College, looking over the Ilms of Bambalapitiya. SudMary's, Bambalapitiya, broke Armistice had been signed : hear them now, and to catch Le seas the relief, the sense of le back, of which those sweet
out, of our time in the East ist that of the “Gracchus,” a four thousand tons, generally orses between Australia and the occasion into a passenger time all six of us travelled
mother first-class, the boys eeting everywhere, however, gather the details together

Page 40
32 THI PE
rapidly : the three hours' st middle of the Indian Ocean, where, the vessel idly heavi sea swarming with countless night and day for fear of f yellow sunshine of the Sue tossing off Crete where St. ours was only of thirty-six ho clean sky and a white noon, t of ocean, so high that next ( by was completely banked the smoother Malta channel captain pointed out: the wh in calm, off Gibraltar : the wi bay went clean round from causing hail that mantled th balled : and last the cheerful at least, in home waters.
The faithful brother met to his Vicarage at Aldershot. to Herne Bay, to be near the early memories of the twin Church, so often seen in the s and of the long sea-wall of pe sundering the blue levels of of the land, the marshland wh and snakes. It was the c. setting of another poem of nearer the mark: owing so) Hood, the serious.
SEPTEMBER
The afternoon hangs u’ By mot one breath the r Few butterflies, June On pinions tattered.
The healthy haw glows The elder-clusters dark Shouvs on the spray Se His purple pledges.
' This Poem is comparable with the

TAM IL
op for engine repairs in the
a thousand miles from any. ng, the blue brilliance of the
crabs: the boats swung out oating mines: the incarnate 'Z, oranges: the tremendous 'aul was tossed, except that urs duration, mostly under a hat revealed the white ridges lay a battleship passing close by each of them from sight :
always green, as the kindly ales blowing at early morning nd that in Biscay's sleepless S.W. to N.E. in a minute, e deck, with which we snowpounding at best pace, fearless
us at Tilbury, and took us off From Aldershot we moved sea. At Herne Bay Irenewed towers of ruined Reculver unset from Turner's Margate : bble-beach staked in sections, the sea, from the green levels ere as a boy I found butterflies ountry which had been the youth which I hope comes mething, I think, to Thomas
N THE SOUTH *
armly on the hills, oadside dust is scattered. s orphans, linger still
like a country cheek, 2n, on the hedges otember's berry sleek
famous “Elegy. ”

Page 41
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF
Up from the sands, up The carter hale beside While in the sun his w, With brine is dripping
Beside the barn the thre The stack of straw who, With sleeveless arms an Proportions ample.
Heap beyond heap, abo Old stalks aflame, last Crackling тітиtely iт і Make distance deeper.
Where the dark herms a The chilly snake his mc Watches in cloudy level, Light's last red setting.
A mystic wanness gathe Slov to my heart, a soli Settles a mameless umirea Summer is over.
That nameless unreality life, better understood. Is i fallings from us, vanishings, moving about in worlds not I
We had to search Out allowances, relatively genero go furthest. At the close o ments in the Church Times v and a moderate figure stated. that Yorkshire was its own preliminary inspection, we to
Never was lovelier pi ahead with the girls and the an accident to his eye whicl has been ever a serious handi

A PO ET AND SA IN T 33
thro' the gully-road is horse is whipping : gon's seaureed load
shing-engine boот8 : te top the labourers trample d tossing forks, assumes
ut the stubble bare, akings of the reaper, he quiet air
mid the marshes rest vements all forgetting s of the west
's in the sky : tary rover, tlity.
is now, at the latter end of t not one with Wordsworth's blank misgivings of a creature ealized ??
some spot where furlough us, absolutely slender, would a long column of advertisere saw the name Yorkshire,
We negotiated, and deciding
guarantee and needed no ok the place on trust.
g in poke. My wife went second boy, recovering from , both for books and sports, %ap.

Page 42
34 THE
I followed some days aft While We Waited at Oxenhol Gill and Sedbergh, that he items to that Family Jest Bo Coming to a notice-board fall and asked, Dad, what do tipped here —?? I ought te there for a so excellent and was not sufficiently i sur le genious, alluring, wheedling and in such a place of all in the desert.
At Sedbergh Station Fa the trap, and drove us the Sedbergh town under the mi, river, up to Cautley, for th At a rise of the road the W. said as we left the Vicarage o on our right, “ Here is the pla * Oh, that is half a mile up th (showing a tin in the nook wicket-gate). So through t steep path through the oak ghyll, coming out at last on TBirks, a stone cottage, little garden about it. The the full grandeur, of the sce we had come to as fine a sl were the fells on Vast scal Cautley Spout beyond it : th with Ull Fell beside theml : reached after crossing a sin slow slope and far flat top diminished cottage on its in always been our holiday sta
| must mot stay to des Hebblethwaite, and the m disused cartridges from the Which made matter for endl of blueberries on the cushi Briant Fell till W SW blue b)

A MIL
er With the elder son. It was ne for the coIl'Ilection tO LOW (Oltributed one of its best ok which is as yet unwritten. from human hunts he Tead. Is it Imlean—Refūse, mot to be have tipped him then and Lamb-like jest, but alas ! I spot myself. What an inuse of the double negative, Insist on being tipped here
rmer Richardson met us with four miles through grey solid ghty fells, across the Raw they reo months to be our home. hole little family met us, and in our left and a shed appeared ce. * But, Where is To Birks ? e hill. This is our post-box
of a tree-root just inside a he Wicket we passed, up the vood beside the gorge of the the little well where stood pleasantly furnished, with a it was that the full beauty, Ile broke on me, and I found bot as in England. About us 2 : Brant Fell opposite, with Clouds away to the north, while behind ulls, its heather gle green field, rose the long f Baugh Fell that carried our lighty side. Yorkshire has da.
ribe the deep. rich heather of untain-ash of its gorge : the butts all about the moors, 2ss boyish games : the picking ned slopes and shoulders of obs in our dreams: the sheep

Page 43
A U TO BIOG FA PH Y O F A
shearing and the sheep-dipp milking, the dear slow ste: sagacious sheepidogs : the clog bread We ate : the picnics by hedges of hayfields : the how beside the cottage, and the cal all these are possessions for e. too, now married and with b: from Sunderland, and spent Wi a happy friendship.
It is the very right and I to give its agents on furlough : and rest again just before lea seek work to ease funds in b to curate, I again sought a Gabbit as and Thring.
In the Michaelmas Term Sir Roger Cholmeley's School, scholastic venture of my li strange. The only alternative the setting of lines to be writ imprisoning him no less tha end of a term I Walked out, doing save read Kipling’s tale: in a miscellaneous hou T. HE
I had, however, seen Col. a place as great genius ever W. Chapel must have been built th uIndeT ; shallow Tch at the li any inscription be read. I
Hymn before Sunrise in the splendid reading—but his end of one of the many fragm to the hic Tit.
At the din Ine T hour I sol within Highgate Cemetery, E not knowing how many fam I should certainly have searc. Marx and Herbert Spencer.
 

PO ET AN D SA INT 3.5
ing : the hay-making, the dy horses, and the fleet s we wore, and the gingerstreams and the teas under lets in the well-shaped tree lm full moon on the fellsver. Maurice Shuttleworth, abes of his own, came over thus a few days, the last of
roper custom of the C.M.S. a complete rest on arriving. ving, but to expect them to etween. Preferring teacher nd received guidance from
of 1920 I taught (2) at Highgate, the one unhappy fe. The discipline seemed to reporting Was apparently ten in the setter's presence, in the delinquent. At the having done nothing Worth is aloud to some junior boys
kept them, quiet.
bridge's grave, in as strange as laid in. Highgate School ereover, for only by crawling uilding's Western end could Ine Ver touch Coleridge—the Wale of Chamoumi * makes a Iourion, radion, falis at th( ents goes straight and deep
metimes sat in the sun just re afternoon school began. ius men are there inter"Ted. led, had I known, for Karl

Page 44
36 THE
In January, I went to classical Sixth for its teacher leave of absence; a term for in trill Was Ilot. The whole : It was a well-paid post, Wi ilcludel. The Work termin: leaving me free un til Mond for just that term a Chaplain St. David's, Reigate, a Sc Etılı, Hıd to this also I w then was this. On Friday : suitcase ready, I departed Aldershot, where my wife and I spent with them all. On seTVict :ld breakfast. al Ilost to Reigate in good time for th Lunch after Morning Praye supper after evensong, and last train to London, and the l * The Grove at midnight. last train, to Finchley ; and Omnibus to Hendol, Whence heavy bag brought me in mo the While, at 2 a.m. to The
st to thi til Of that, too, was an experience others. It seemed a great thi arily, the place of a scholar on rétiring to bed I was sei inferiority. I wanted to I'll and body till three o'clock i point of getting up to catch him I could not compete Wit.
I hive often noticed til shells to have son connecti all the Will. Difficulties : recumbent are in superable the man risen and erect. SC measure of trepidation, I le myself to the term, which : the Work being congenial and

T-III
Mill Hill School, to take the setting out on a grace terms he as pleasant as the Highgate chool Climit Wis clifferent. th lodging at The Grove ted at 5 o'clock on Fridays, ay morning. It befell that for Sundays was needed at hool preparatory mainly for was appointed. The routine ut five o’clock, my week-end So my brother's Vicarage at girls were staying. Saturday Sunday morning after early convenient train brought me eiT morning service in Chapel. r, the afternoon to myself. again. I caught a convenient ast train to Finchley, reaching
Only once did I miss that : Ollil do 10 bottel" thall talk
Wilk of sole hilelis With : onlight, derisive Owls hooting (Tove.”
ly first night at Mill Hill, for which II. hl. We used to hertCell ing to be taking, even temporwho edited Greek plays, and zed with a painful feeling of In a way. Tossing in mind In the morning I was on the J. H. H. for his left, to tell
the work.
lat the posture of the body Il with the stilt of the Imild ind depressions that to the diminish and Vanish before after all, though still with a t him depart, and addressed as a fact passed pleasurably. | Within on les capacity.

Page 45
4 L/TOBI () (). Fo4 PHY () F"| 4
I should have staid that dul We lived in rooms kept by a di Highbury: and consoled ours the lost flamboyants and hul With the sh TUbs and det T Of C
It was at Highbury that call from the Kandyan Dep A. Mada wala, and J. A. HI: matters before the Secretary real touch of llom in the exi
With J.A. H. I paid my on With Richard All Wihtra repute in the War, I had the tid, With L. J. Ford. Head him afterwards a copy of Pisg ledged it, sending good Wis and adding, Would that it c There had als beren : chlnce ( Had it not been for the unexpe from post-war service of som fallen-so Authority wrote— experience of Eton or Harrow I know I should at first h:1Ve very greatly prized.
So the summer of 1921 call time we enjoyed the exquisite Cautley, Sedbergh. Yorkshire. in those magnificent spaces. side of Baugh (Bow) Fell an a silence only deepened by the unseen trail, Midland four eight miles north, North West the clear air across the fragr; Cit, felices illos dies !
I did a certain amount of Society to which we still belo. staying at Crosthwaite Vicara seventeen bedrooms, I Was breakfast that I had slept in the garden was a memorial
 

PO ET" - N O SA IN T" 37
ing the Highgate experiment ear old Yorkshire Woman in Wes is Well as we could foT nped cart-bulls of Colombo issoll Park.
We had the happiness of a 1tation, T. B. Moone malle, langoda, then laying their
of State for the Colonies : le of north London.
y visit to Windsor and Eton. ld two others, of good honour of a pleasant cup of Master of HTTOW. I sent ah: he courteously acknowhers for One’s fullt IT WOTlk, ouıldl h:a We been :ht H:AT"ToW.ʼ f a term's teaching at Eton. cited return of an Old Etonian (o lind the O't Would llave in me. I must say some (names of glamour), though
feared it. Would have been
me round, and for the second surroundings of The Birks, Again our spirits expanded Again we sat on the vast d listened to the silence,
softened sound of a distant miles east, North Eastern ern five miles west, through int heather. 0 praeclaros
eputation work for the great liged : and on One occasion, e, a Queen Anne's house of informed next morning at the Wordsworth room. In slab of slate, which Canon

Page 46
38 TH E
Rawnsley had had made an passage from Gray's Journal that this spot disclosed the of all his Lakeland wandering
Being so near Keswick perhaps a duty, to attend th session. Whether some tin cause, or whether the root l; order (for who, of whatev quarrel with the principle perfect Lord 2) the Conventi stayed two or three days, devoted rather to reading t in my lodgings than to listeni
I greatly enjoyed
Slacke puer, bangand and, noting with care the dictu is worth much : the partial k muddy knowledge is worth it was addressed to the cleare present in England. The incident of early days at Mal till now been recorded.
The Archbishop, about Holy Trinity, my father's Ch the Vicarage for tea in the feared this tea, since legend than. His Grace. All our geniality, like mist-wreaths East mornings. He told us who when five years old cli ceremony or service and said minutes to spare, tell me all a It was rather a large ord did the best I could for him. son, some five years old him a part cause, I make no do bishop's affability. The boy sat, and in that spirit of en expert on Malaria, declared

TAM IL
d placed, inscribed with the
which records his judgment most beautiful pastoral scene S.
I thought it an opportunity, e annual Convention, then in cture of criticism was the ay deeper in some moral diser intellectual outlook, can of perfect allegiance to a on gave me no help. I only and even of these part was he Life of Frederick Temple ng to addresses in the Tent.
e puer, fis slackier usquem, “The full, perfect knowledge (nowledge is worth little: the nothing. I remembered that st brain and tongue there is at Life of Temple recalled an gate which I think has never
to hold a confirmation in urch, in the evening, came to afternoon. We had rather spoke rather of His Grimness fears disappeared before his in Ceylon on brilliant North of his small son, now York, mbed into the car after some , Now, father, you have five bout the philosophy of Kant. er, said Canterbury, but I A small nephew, my sister's self, was present at that tea, ubt, of the child-loving Archclimbed on to his apron as he uiry which has made him an that he had always wanted

Page 47
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF
to see a real live Archbisho that his younger brother wou been given the choice betw and having prawns for tea prawns : an incident since Book as Prawns versus Prel
66 The true function of a Poet is
between Man and the World

A PO ET AND SA INT 39
p. He proceeded to explain ld have come too, but having veen seeing the Archbishop, at home, he had chosen the known in the Family Jest ates.”
mediatorial. He is mediator
Without. ” -WALTER PATER, adapted.

Page 48
WORD PICTURE SHA
E сотtiтие іт, this тити
I will, in the final assess, place in Literature, co Quality of Shaw's dramatic air а тотетt, a persот иrith apt a
e-le--ee
PORTRAIT OF A LADY MAKHNC
LADY and gentleman arc in the drawing room ( in the Victoria district at night. The walls are hur and photographs: Kemble : Queen Katharine pleading in (after Maclise), Sir Henry I Long), Ellen Terry, Mrs. F Bernhardt, Henry Arthur Jon Grundy, and so on, but not Ele nected with Ibsen. The room being cut off diagonally by til one rounded by a turret win flowers surrounding a statuet is on the doorway side, wi small round table, further side, with a chair beside it, novel lying Open on it. Th Shakespear side, open, with to the wall. The piece of Other Lips. Incandescent the piano and mantelpiece. , which the lady and gentlem side by side, in one another's
The lady, Grace Tranfiel delicate of feature, and sen just now given up to the emc
4.

S BY BERNARD AW
ber further illustrations of what ment of George Bernard Shaw’s me to be regarded as the Chief t his capacity to fiac a scene,
nd indelible words. I
AND A GENTLEMAN I LOVE.
making love to one another of a flat in Ashley Gardens
of London. It is past ten g with theatrical engravings as Hamlet, Mrs. Siddons as court, Macready as Werner rving as Richard III (after Kendal, Ada Rehan, Sarah es, Sir Arthur Pinero, Sydney onora Duse nor any one conis not rectangular, one corner he doorway, and the opposite dow filled up with a stand of of Shakespear. The fireplace th an armchair near it. A from the door On the same has a yellow backed French e piano, a grand, is on the the keyboard at right angles music on the desk is When lights, well shaded, are on Near the piano is a sofa, on an are seated affectionately S S.
d, is about 32, slight of build, sitive in expression. She is »tion of the moment; but her
O

Page 49
WORD PICTURES B
well closed mouth, proudly elegant carriage shew plent respect. She is in evening di
The gentleman, Leonarc is unconventionally but smal and cashmere trousers. His part of his shirt, and turns of Indian silk, secured by a t socks and leather sandal tawny hair, and of his mo apparently left to Nature; Nature shall do him the enthusiasm, at which he is hi imaginative, humorous way: sincere tenderness and dignif
PORTRAIT C
THE priest, stout and fatl finest type of country the genius of priesthood the base type in which a peasant uses the Church to privilege. He is a priest neit but because the life suits him Over his flock, and taxes the man. The old Protestant a to gall him. On the whole, modest man as long as his du and dignity fully admitted.
PORTRAIT OF A MED) OLD SE
N the 15th June, 1903 medical student, surna unknown and of no i doctor's consulting room. answering his letters, acting assistant, and making him in return for unspecified adv intercourse with a leader of to an informal apprenticeship

Y BERNA RD) SHAW 4
set brows, firm chin, and y of determination and self
0SS.
Charteris, a few years older, tly dressed in a velvet jacket collar, dyed Wotan blue, is over a garnet coloured scarf urduoise ring. He wears blue s. The arrangement of his ustaches and short beard, is but he has taken care that fullest justice. His amative mself laughing, and his clever, s, contrast strongly with the ied Quietness of the woman.
DF A PRIEST.
herly, falls far short of that side pastor which represents l; but he is equally far above
strong-minded unscrupulous extort money, power, and her by vocation nor ambition, . He has boundless authority m stiffly enough to be a rich scendency is now too broken
an easygoing, amiable, even les are paid and his authority
CAL STUDENT AND AN
RWANT.
, in the early forenoon, a me Redpenny, Christian name mportance, sits at work in a He devils for the doctor by
as his domestic laboratory self indispensable generally, antages involved by intimate is profession, and amounting and a temporary affiliation.

Page 50
42 THE TI
Redipenny is not proud, and without reservation of his pe in a fellow-creaturely way. ready, credulous, friendly, and clothes in reluctant tra to the tidy doctor.
Red penny is interrupted serving-woman who has neve occupations, the responsibilit of personal beauty. She ha washed gypsy, incurable by not a regular beard and mou be trimmed and waxed into but a whole crop of small be springing from moles all ov duster and toddles about me so diligently that whilst she i already looking elsewhere fo she has the same trick, hard she is addressing except wh only one manner, and that is nurse to a child just after it used her ugliness to secure Cleopatra or Fair Rosamuno advantage over them that a instead of impairing it. Bei and popular old soul, she is a of feminine prettiness. Jus' covered Christian name, she and is known throughout t Cavendish Square and the . Jane.
PORTRAIT OF A CLERG
HE Reverend James M: Socialist clergyman of an active member of th the Christian Social Union. man of forty, robust and goo pleasant, hearty, considerat affected voice, which he uses culation of a practised Orat

"AMIL,
will do anything he is asked rsonal dignity if he is asked
He is a wide-open-eyed, nasty youth, with his hair isition from the untidy boy
by the entrance of an old r known the cares, the preies, jealousies, and anxieties s the complexion of a neverany detergent; and she has, staches, which could at least a masculine presentableness, ards and moustaches, mostly er her face. She carries a ddlesomely, spying out dust s flicking off one speck she is r another. In conversation y ever looking at the person en she is excited. She has the manner of an old family has learnt to walk. She has indulgences unattainable by l, and has the further great ge increases her qualification ng an industrious, agreeable, walking sermon on the vanity t as Redpenny has no dishas no discovered surname, he doctors’ quarter between Marylebone Road simply as
YMAN AND HIS TYPIST.
avor Morell is a Christian the Church of England, and he Guild of St. Matthew and
A vigorous, genial, popular dlooking, full of energy, with e manners, and a sound un
with the clean athletic artior, and with a wide range

Page 51
WORD PICTURES B)
and perfect command of ex clergyman, able to say wha' to lecture people without set to impose his authority on th and, on occasion, to interfe impertinence. His well-spri pathetic emotion has never still eats and sleeps heartily e between exhaustion and recup a great baby, pardonably vai sciously pleased with himse plexion : good forehead, witl and the eyes bright and ea particularly well cut, and : mobile spreading nostrils o like all his features, of subtle
The typist, Miss Proser woman of about 30, of the l cheaply dressed in a black notably pert and quick of her manner, but sensitive an ing away busily at her mac last of his morning's letters. comic groan of despair.
A LADYS BE
NIGHT. A lady's bedc. small town near the Dr. in the year 1885. with a little balcony, a pea. white and beautiful in the s at hand, though it is real of the room is not like anyt Europe. It is half rich Bu Above the head of the bed, wall cutting off the left ha painted wooden shrine, blue of Christ, and a light hangir ball suspended by three chai towards the other side of the is a Turkish ottoman. Th

Y BERNARD SHAW 43
pression. He is a first rate t he likes to whom he likes, ting himself up against them, em without humiliating them, re in their business without ng of enthusiasm and symrun dry for a moment: he nough to win the daily battle peration triumphantly. Withal, n of his powers and unconlf. He has a healthy comn the brows somewhat blunt, ger, mouth resolute but not a substantial nose, with the f the dramatic orator, void, ty.
pine Garnett, is a brisk little ower middle class, neatly but merino skirt and a blouse, speech, and not very civil in d affectionate. She is clatterhine whilst Morell opens the He realizes its contents with a
D CHAMBER.
hamber in Bulgaria, in a agoman Pass, late in November Through an open window, x of the Balkans, wonderfully tarlit snow, seems quite close y miles away. The interior hing to be seen in the west of lgarian, half cheap Viennese. which stands against a little nd corner of the room, is a and gold, with an ivory image g before it in a pierced metal hs. The principal seat, placed 'oom and opposite the window, e counterpane and hangings

Page 52
44 THE M
of the bed, the window curt the ornamental textile fabri and gorgeous: the paper on paltry. The washstand, ag nearest the ottoman and win iron basin with a pail beneatl and a single towel on the ra table, between the bed and pine table, covered with a an expensive toilet mirror on nearest the bed; and there is This chest of drawers is al native cloth; and on it the novels, a box of chocolate c. with a large photograph of ar whose lofty bearing and mag from the portrait. The roon the chest of drawers, and all with a box of matches beside
The window is hinged open. Outside, a pair of wo wards, also stand open. On intensely conscious of the ro and of the fact that her owr of it, is gazing at the snowy F gown, well covered by a lon a moderate estimate, about her room.
Her reverie is interrupte Petkoff, a woman over forty magnificent black hair and splendid specimen of the wif is determined to be a Viennese fashionable tea gown on all O
PORTRAIT OF A
A" the most wretched h and a wintry morning in
of New Hampshire, is s general dwelling room of he skirts of the town of Webst

A MIL
ins, the little carpet, and all cs in the room are oriental the walls is occidental and ainst the wall on the side low, consists of an enamelled it in a painted metal frame, il at the side. The dressing the window, is a common cloth of many colors, with it. The door is on the side a chest of drawers between. so covered by a variegated e is a pile of paper backed eams, and a miniature easel extremely handsome officer, netic glance can be felt even m is lighted by a candle on nother on the dressing table it. ר(
doorwise and stands wide Doden shutters, opening Outthe balcony a young lady, mantic beauty of the night, | youth and beauty are part Balkans. She is in her nightg mantle of furs, worth, on three times the furniture of
d by her mother, Catherine , imperiously energetic, with eyes, who might be a very 2 of a mountain farmer, but lady, and to that end wears a ccasions.
GOOD WOMAN.
our between a black night the year 1777, Mrs. Dudgeon. itting up in the kitchen and farm house on the outarbridge. She is not a pre

Page 53
WORD PICTURES B
possessing woman. No wom up all night ; and Mrs. Dud; is grimly trenched by the ch forms and observances of a bitter temper and a fierce pri who has worked hard and got detestation in her sordid reputation for piety and res bors, to whom drink and d more tempting than religio conceive goodness simply as is easily extended to others-( as covering anything disag being exceedingly disagreeab good. Short of flat felony, except for amiable weakness quently, without knowing it in the parish on the strength seventh commandment or mi terian Church.
*Social systems and civilisations res possess definite laws of health an

Y BERNARD AS HA MW , 45
an looks her best after sitting geon's face, even at its best, annels into which the barren
dead Puritanism can pen a de. She is an elderly matron nothing by it except dominion, nome, and an unquestioned pectability among her neighebauchery are still so much in and rectitude, that they
self-denial. This conception denial, and finally generalized reeable. So Mrs. Dudgeon, le, is held to be exceedingly
she enjoys complete license es of any sort, and is conse, the most licentious woman n of never having broken the issed a Sunday at the Presby
2mble individuals in One respect : they d development.
- BENJAMIN KIDD.

Page 54
POEMS FROM T
| Tif Art of Poetry is h
Emperor himself strives
the Japanese conception at the utmost with the least. of the raw matter of Poetry. keep up the labour of the file, Beauty. Here are four eacam,
Quick-falling Dew,
Let me cleanse in yo
This wretched li
6 4
Friend Sparrow / Do mot The little buzzing flie Атотg ту јіоиve
e 魏儿
Old Battlefield, fresh with -All that is left of th Of twice ten thou
4
O Cricket, from your chee No one could ever gue Нои; quickly you
(T,

THE JAPANESE
ighly esteemed in Japan. The to be a Poet. In keeping with of Art, the Poets of Japan aim They тake the тітітит иse They file away at words, and until the result achieved is sheer
ן *bי
fe.
D do
eat, I pray, S that play ነገ‛S.
d
» spring flouvers again,
e dream 'Sand warriors slain.
y Cry
2SS
, must die.
anslation by Curtis Hidden
Page.)

Page 55
A PAGE O
WHAT is the most gra writing of the size of t
the pen of an Americ Menzel of Harvard Observato
Mr. Menzel asks the rea building-a building which as the United States of A spectator will be told that that building. He will be a encouraged, the spectator v Such is the size of the Known the largest Known Star, that supermicroscope. Peering th largest star will scarcely b across ! And a star many ti be of the size of an atom /
As regards the plurality ( visible, Mr. Menzel says : “ O mately one hundred billion st There are probably more tha within the reach of our great
If all the planets of t together, they would be as m pile four times as large as S. Mere man, humble yourself
God's brain is the ultimate brain.
as the Sun falling around a helpl
4.

F SCIENCE
phic description in modern he Universe ? It comes from an astronomer : Mr. Donald
ry.
ader to imagine a very large
will cover an area as large America and Canada. The the Universe is contained in sked to enter and see. Thus vill enter and see—nothing ! Universe, in comparison with the spectator will require a rough such a microscope the e One millionth of an inch mes the size of our Earth will
of the stars which are today ur sun is only one of approxitars that make up our galaxy. n one hundred million galaxies est telescopes.”
he Universe were to be put any as the grains of sand in a Paul's Cathedral of London.
He judges not as the judge judges, ess thing... ”
-WALT WHITMAN.
7

Page 56
TWO STORIES
FOLK
ONCE upon a time there w years of age when he die
Muslim, and had recitec was received into Paradise a angels.
For a while he enjoyed places. He saw the unfadir heaven. He gazed into t strutted up and down the go
One day an angel whisp were burning in hell. He
Lord, he prayed, give mother, or let me go and suff
The Lord had compassi Archangel Gabriel to him, w bring back with you to Parac mother.
The child searched throu last he found his mother in t her of his prayer and of the
No, she said: ' I am all u wine. I committed adultery save. He worked in the sun an
The boy was beside hims no choice but to seek his f * I am too great a sinner. your mother. It is she you and she fed you, and lay aw i.
The boy threw himsel Lord, he cried, what sha
A voice said: ‘Take y and seventy of their compani into the abode of the blessed.
4

FROM MUSLIM LORE
as a boy who was only twelve d. He had been such a good the Koran so well, that he nd joyfully acclaimed by the
all the bliss of the celestial g flowers of the gardens of he crystal fountains. He lden path ways.
ered to him that his parents was smitten with rem orse. me back my father and my er with them."
on on the lad. He sent the ith this message : * You can lise either your father or your
ghout the infernal regions. At he lowest pit of all. He told reply from the Merciful One. nworthy of Paradise. I drank
It is your father you must d the rain to earn us bread.'
elf with grief. But there was ather. But the father said: I am unworthy. Go back to must redeem. She bore you, ake all night when you were
on the ground and wept. Il II dO ?”
our father and your mother, ons, and come you with them

Page 57
T" JAVO S TO R I ES FROM
A certain mam had a li He was a simple man who never complained against th child died he uttered words about his business.
Some years later, he to received his soul.
As he travelled in the reg serpent began to follow him. the serpent, but it kept gair saw a mountain the peak ( golden mist. He climbed it, his heels. At last he reach ( saw thousands and thousan, throwing roses at each other with young stags. Others w doves.
And here he met his dau hand she made the serpent child and told her of how t * That serpent, she said, This is the nursery of heav not wept for the death of 1 meet us once again.'

MU S L ILJI FOLKLO R E 49
2
title daughter, and she died. :ommitted many sins, but he e will of God. So when his f resignation and went calmly
o died and the angel Israfil
ions of the dead, an enormous
He tried to get away from ling upon him. Suddenly he of which was shrouded in a but the serpent still kept at ld the summit, and there he lds of children. Some were
Others were running races jere playing with snow-white
ghter. With a gesture of her t vanish. He embraced his he serpent had plagued him. represented your own sins. en. Here parents who have zheir children are allowed to

Page 58
PAGES FOR
I Wi continue the story
Reader, ask Mother ti
S
NIRMINESS, it will be obs
on which both Mr. and
stand. Their creed of Mr. Murdstone should be firm to be so firm as Mr. Murds bent to Mr. Murdstone's fir. an exception. She might be and tributary degree. Dav exception. She might be fir firmness and firmly believing upon earth.
S
* It's very hard, said I own house
My own house ?' ** Ꭴlara !**
“ Our own house, I mea
evidently frightened. “It is house I may not have a w matters.
Edward,' said Miss M end of this. I go tomorrow.'
Jane Murdstone, said
“I am sure, David's grievous disadvantage and want anybody to go. I don' be consulted sometimes.’
“Edward, said Miss M an end of this. I go tomorro
* Will you be silent ?” “ How dare you ?”
Miss Murdstone made a chief, and held it before her
5

THE YOUNG
of David Copperfield. Little read this to you at bed fire]
28
arved, was the grand quality Miss Murdstone took their
firmness was in this wise. ... Nobody in this world was tone. Everybody was to be mness. Miss Murdstone was
firm, but only in an inferior id's mother was another m, but only in bearing their
there was no other firmness
29 David's mother, that in my
repeated Mr. Murdstone.
n,” faltered David's mother, very hard that in your own ord to say about domestic
Turdstone, let there be an
her brother, be silent
poor mother went on, at a with many tears, " I don't task much. I Only want to
|rdstone, again, “let there be W 29
thundered Mr. Murdstone.
jail-delivery of her handkeryes.
O

Page 59
PAGES FOR
** Clara, continued Mr. mother, you surprise me ! sister is kind enough to col assume, for my sake, a cond keeper's, and when she meets
* Oh, pray, pray, Edw “ don't accuse me of being faults, but not that. Oh, do
Mr. Murdstone waited un Then he went On : " When in base return-.'
“ Don’t my love, say tha very piteously. “I can't be:
* Nothing you say can me, said Mr. Murdstone. “ breath.'
* Pray let us be friends couldn't live under coldness ( object to anything.’
David's mother was too
David was so sorry for h stood out in his eyes.
Seeing this, Mr. Murdst once. David could hardly fil He groped his way out, and g to his room.

THE YOUNG 5.
Murdstone, looking at David's You astound me ! When my me to my assistance and to ition something like a house
with a base return-.
ard, cried David's mother, ungrateful. I have many nt, my dear !
til David’s mother was silent. by sister meets, I say, with a
it implored David's mother ar to hear it.’
have the least weight with You are merely wasting your
, said David's mother. “I Dr unkindness. Jane, I don't
much overcome to go on. is mother's distress that tears
one ordered David to bed at nd the door through his tears. roped his way in the darkness

Page 60
REW
QU Editor : NSS (l48, Mahatma Ganc
E are glad to introduce
of great cultural weigh published as a bi-mont) Indian Committee for Cultur: us the second number of '' (, knowledge and thought.
We commend, as its ab entitled ''The Cold Class Kumar Ghosh who is Profes Asutosh College, Calcutta. the true meaning of equality He sums it up in a telling p some are more equal than o out that there is in the India prefer to think of themselve but deliberately doing their enclaves left vacant when the These are the New Sahibs-c ariat bosses-as afraid of the were the Pukka Sahibs of anxious to introduce birth co more able to conduct thei splendour and glamour. Th only a minimum basic educa their own sons may crowd means of access '' to career Equality is in full retreat i education is obviously impai in mid-career, the right to the if the expenses of entering a right to earn a living if enforce the right to justice if few me the cost of litigation.'
Mr. A. Subbiah, Vice-P Tamil Culture, has written a
5.

EWS
EST
M EZEKI EL hi Road, Bombay 1)
to Ceylon an Indian journal t and worth which is being hly under the auspices of the al Freedom. We have before luest. It is a storehouse of
olest contribution, an article War by Professor Sadhan sor of English Literature at Professor Ghosh's theme is as practised in India today. hrase: in the India of today thers. The Professor points of today a clique-Or, as they s, an elite-who are quietly oest to occupy the privileged British departed from India. Ompany directors and secretteeming masses of India as Kipling's day. They are ontrol into India so as to be r secluded lives of comfort, ey emphasise the necessity of tion for the masses so that he British Universities as a of distinction and profit. n India because the right to 'ed if poverty arrests its use ' free choice of an occupation rofession are prohibitive, the d unemployment is recurrent, in of small means can afford
esident of the Academy of thought-provoking article on
M

Page 61
R E VI
the struggle now proceeding
Tamil the pure well of conflict between Aryan an India. The truth is that
developed a civilization of the civilization was transplanted Dr. Caldwell, the well-known seven years of a serious study most highly cultivated ab inti dispense with its Sanskrit al. only stand alone but flourish
HAMAY ANTHI THITRU Illamuruganar of the S Jaffna, published by th Chunnakam (Price l. 50). Tamil, is based on the famili: yanthi, and sets out the east devotion associated with th and the all conquering powe action. The dialogues reveal in polished prose, old-world r and supported women in mat in modern times has made heroic. There is very little the effort to drive home mor looked. The play provides
PRASTA T AMIII IL ( Mr. M. Kanapathipilla prove an excellent aid Schools. Students who wish held by Government Depart guide.
The Book is divided into Letters, Words and Phrases perienced in the use of letter are explained and illustrate

EWS- 53
g in South India for TaniTamil unsanskritized. The d Dravidian is ages old in the Dravidians had already air own long before the Aryan into their midst. It was philologist who, after thirty7 of Tamil, said : " Tamil, the ra. Of all Dravidian idioms can together, it need be, and not
without its aid.
S. R. C.
2
MANAM is a play by Pundit Staff of Uduvil Girls' School, he Thanalukumi Book Depot, This play, written in chaste ar story of Nalan and Dhamatern ideal of the nobility and a marriage of true minds, 2r of rectitude in speech and the writer's ability to express noral teachings which inspired rimony, -ideals whose neglect domestic relationships less humour in the play, while in all truths action has been over
leasant reading.
S. J. G.
3.
L' us fi) 3) și, 5 LÊ ), Part I, by ai, Puloly, Point Pedro, will to the study of Tamil in our 1 to prepare for selective tests ments will find in it a valuable
three parts dealing with Tamil respectively. Difficulties ex's such as T, s); 5, 357, 6007; 6), Gir, up d. Lists of synonyms, oppo

Page 62
54 THE
sites and homonyms are giv occupations, sounds made by phrases and proverbs are dea English equivalents are incli in Tamil, loan words of Por indicated. It could be used and as a reference book by st those who have already left competitive examinations.
(Santha Press, M
| "ــــــــــــــــــس می۔

"AMIL
2n. Group terms, names of animals and birds, idiomatic t with, and wherever helpful ided. Sanskrit words found uguese and Hindi origin are both as a close study book Ludents in our schools, and by school and are preparing for
tidras. Rs. 3/- per copy).
S. J. G.

Page 63
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Page 65
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Page 66


Page 67
A Tribute by a
Mam :-
* Received
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ML
Very Great
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Jy
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TON CHURCHILL

Page 68
Printed at The Tim
 

es of Ceylon, Ltd.