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Ceylon News Review
A Journal of Ceylon and World Affairs
Founded in 1954 Every Saturday
Editor: S.P. Amarasingam
W.27 — No.8
November 13, 1 982
43, Dawson Street. Colombo 2.
Tel: 33172
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR 1
-Rural Credit
EDTOR'S NOTEBOOK 2 -Referendum
IMPORTS 8 -Why?
SRI LANKA CHRONICE 9 -October 24-30
FOREIGN SCENE 11 -Wuclear Teller -Anti-Communist Crusade -Poland: Afghanistan
AGRICULTURAL. DEGEST -Earthworm –Jogoba Bete/vine -Snippets
15
REVIEWS -Prince Vijaya -Film Focus. Operetta -Thesaurus
2O
-Poems
SPORTSCOPE -Spotlight: Wo Apartheid -Chronicle (Oct. 24-3O)
24
CONFIDENTIALLY -Post Mortem (CPSL)
LETTER FROM
THE COVER is to help us sp. official statistics money allotted The amount is li very little has be Banks I thirty guises and alib need such cred fатing / caп те holdings, MPs
neous and nonc
whelming bul consumptioninevitable. And loans, after a their farms, wit always found
following reast effect even a not sold at fair Work governi fc7 there was r ensure thst the time and that were granted. the Wayside. W not been able credit is a myst nocrats have g the mystique 0 sit on their hau to reduce defa culture in Some our Dry Zone, credit is to det the amount she into viable agli minimum equi Credit necessa, ways and mea week we will spect there is 1 make a mocke inciting a revo

THE EDITOR
PICTURE this week from the rural areas again ptlight some aspects of rura/ credit. A perusal of will show that an infinetismally small fraction of to Agriculture has been expended on rura/credit. ess than 3%. In spite oftal/talk about rura/ credit endone. The methodology evolved by our State fears ago and still continued under various disis) is such that the geniune farmers who really it (to pull them out of subsistence to profitable 2ver get it. Mudalalis, non-farmer owners of land catchers, bankers' friends and other miscellalescript elements with a "pull" have got the overk of these loans. And most of it was used for ostentatious by rural standards-and default was the few genuine farmers who were able to get lozen visits to the bank several miles away fron h two income tax payers as guarantors, ha Ve it extremely hard to repay the loans for the ons. (a) the loan given was always too Iittle to mini-breakthrough, (b) what they produced was prices because of the toral absence of any netmental, private or co-operative) for marketing, no supervision by the banks or the department to loans were adequate, that they were granted in they were used for the purpose for which they Without such supervision even angels will fall by , Why the Government and the banks have so far to formulate a comprehensive scheme of rural gry.Afargenumberofoficials, bankers and techone abroad on scholarships and grants to study fruras credit and they have als comeback only to inches and write memoranda and minutes on how ult. In India, our nearest neighbour, where agri2 'dry lands' are not dissimilar from agriculture in the foundation and basis of any scheme of rural ermine areas for which credit was necessary. (1) eded to capitalise the farm to make it ready to get icultural production by providding it with basic pment, water, infrastructure etc. etc. (2) The ry to raise profitable crops each season, (37 the ns of strengthening a system of marketing. WeXt go into this more fully and point out that in retrono doubt that the Banks have done everythingto ary of rural credit to the point of including and It in the rural areas.

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EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK
Referendum - I
The announcement after the Cabinet meeting on Wednesday October 27 that the Government had decided on a Referendum instead of a general election had come as a surprise to many. Although the option of the Referendum had been in the air for some weeks, nobody had really thought that the President would opt for it after his victory at the presidential election. The Government Parliamentary group had also unani mously endorsed it. The reason why the Government had decided on a Referendum was set out by the President briefly before the Parliamentary group, but a lengthy statement was issued by government on Tuesday November 2. It said: 'President J. R. Jayewardene, addressing the government Parliamentary Group said that a referendum is an election. The voter is asked to vote between 'Yes' (Lamp) and "NO" (Pot). He said it was a democratic method cof finding out the views of the people. In the USA, France, Switzerland and other democratic countries this right is conceded to the people. For the first time they included this right in the 1978 Constitution. The President can cal for a referendum on any law he wishes enacted and so can the Supreme Court if it thinks certain laws require the people's consent over and above that of a parliament. Certain decisions of parliament do not become law even if parliament unanimously decided on them e.g., extending the period of the offices of President or Parliament. We included this in the Constitution to prevent what the previous government did of extending their period of office from 1970 to 1975 by two years without consulting the people.
'On that occasion showed the protest of the people by resigning my seat (Colombo South) and Seeking re-election on this issue. I won by almost 25,000 votes. That was a referendum in a single electorate and the people answered 'No' to extending that parliament. This time I am seeking a referendum in 168 electorates and I am requesting the voter to say 'Yes' (Lamp). The The majority of the voters of our country elected me their President. Out of 8,000,000 voters the total number that voted was 6,602,617 (80 percent). received 3,450,811 votes and was elected by a majority of 902,373 votes. My term of office will I continue til February 4, 1989. i presume was elected to do a job of work and to continue the policy programme of establishing a free and just Society for which a mandate was given by an overwhelming majority in 1977. The United National Party won 140 seats out of 168 and now it has 143, that is a 5/6 th majority. There is a long way to go to reach our goal. It will be beyond my Second term of office. I wish at least to lay the foundations l am
2

asking you to give me that opportunity with a parliament that has this majority.
"If I dissolve parliament and held a general electio according to the October 20 voting my party the United National Party would have obtained 120 out of 196. The SLFP would have obtained 68 seats. I don't mind that but I do mind if the opposition is an antidemocratic violent and Naxalite (anarchist) opposition. The SLFP leadership on October 20 was that. decided to change my mind and call for a referendum and not a general election for this reason and this reason alone. I had information soon after the results were announced on October 21 that the group in the SLFP which led the presidential election campaign and were in a majority in the executive committee (politburo) had decided to assassinate me and a few other ministers, Mr. Anura Bandaranaike, Armed Services chiefs and others: do away with the Consitutution, imprison Mrs. Bandaranaike. In other words on the strength of their victory establish a military government tearing up all constitutional procedures as they announced at their election meetings. Their actions which amount to a coup are now being investigated by the police. I had to decide whether to allow this to happen or to ask the people whether in addition to my being allowed to govern our country with a democratic parliament ensuring peace and progress through a stable government or to permit a set of political hooligans to enter parliament in large numbers and while wrecking democratic parliamentary procedures, strengthen themselves to form their Naxalite government at the next general election ? also thought the democratic members of the SLFP should be given time to assert their authority and gain control of their party.....'
Understandably, all opposition Parties have reacted Strongly against a Referendum. The Island reported on October 30 that the General Secretary of the SLFP had Stated that the Referendum was a move to deny democratic rights. The report read: "The UNP has once again misled the people though temporarily to vote for them at the Presidential Elections inspite of the warnings given by at the anti-UNP parties of this country, states the General Secretary of the SLFP Mr. Ratnasiri Wickremanayake in a press release. The decision taken by the Cabinet on the 27th of October clearly shows that President Jayewardene inspired by the temporary victory at the Presidential Election had taken yet another step to completely destroy democracy in Sri Lanka. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party is of the view that the attempt by the present government to stay in power for another six years from 1983 onward by a referendum is a move to deny the democratic rights of the people to constitu tionally elect a government of their choice, it states. "We do not consider that the proposed referendum will be an occasion to express genuine feelings of the people. It will be yet another move to destroy
TRIBUNE NOVEMBER 13, 1982

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democratic freedom enjoyed by the people up to 1977. President Jayewardene has forced the elected representatives of Parliament to resign from their Seats in utter disregard for Sovereignty and appoint members to Parliament who would endorse all the undemocratic measures. This is the death knell of free elections. The election of representatives by the people is an important feature of Parliamentary democracy. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party strongly condemns the socalled referendum to extend the life of the Parliament by six years and perpetuate UNP administration undemocratically''.
The CPSL in a report published in 7he Island on October 30 under the heading ATTEMPT TO UNDERMINE PARLAMENTARY DEMOCRACY Stated : The Communist Party, in a statement issued yesterday said the proposal to put off Parliamentary elections was an attempt to undermine parliamentary democracy and set up an absolute dictatorship. The statement issued by the CP General Secretary Mr. K. P. Silva states: "What makes this proposal even more reprehensible is that it has been made by the very man who has been telling us repeatedly, on election and other platforms, that he will not postpone elections even for a single day. The Communist Party of Sri Lanka Strongly condemns 'this anti-democratic proposal. It is precisely because the recent election result has made it plain that President Jayawardene cannot hope for a Stable government and a workable parliamentary majority, that he has resorted to the present Shabby manoeuvre to extend the life of the 1977 Parliament with a five-sixth majority to push through the harsh economic measures that he has promised the World Bank. This latest step of President Jayewardene and his government also shows how correct was the warning of the Communist Party that the presidential election could be the last for a long time, that further moves towards a dictatorship would follow if President Jayewardene is re-elected, and that joint action in Support of a common anti-UNP candidate was urgently needed to stop this. The leaders of the LSSP, the NSSP and the JVP who spurned this and preferred to follow a sectarian and divisive path, bear a heavy responsibility for what is happening now: However We hope that at least now they will unite to oppose the proposal of President Jayewardene to put off parliamentary elections. Our Party appeals to all other non-governmental parties and to all mass organisations and democratically-minded people to condemn un-equivocally and oppose the anti-democratic proposal to put off Parliamentary elections."
The ACTC in a statement (The Island 31/10/82) stated: "The All-Ceylon Tamil Congress has called upon the TULF MPs to resign in protest against the Government's decision to extend the life of Parliament. The General Secretary of the Party, Mr. Kumar Ponnambalam, in a statement says that members of the TULF
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

should not support this proposal even if it is to their advantage. Mr. Ponnambalam also says that if the TULF compromises on this issue, it would prove that the TULF was aware of the Governments intention and helped the UNP at the Presidential election. Mr. Ponnambalam states that the UNP and the TULF will stand to gain by this move as both parties will not be returned to Parliament with their present strength at the next election. The ACTC also points out that prior to the Presidential election Mr. J. R. Jayewardene had quashed remours about the extension of Parliament by categorically stating that elections would be held. 'dong away with the General Elections would be a negation of democracy' states the party statement. President Jayewardene winning the presidential elections does not mean that the UNP will win the General Election too. President Jayewardene won by personal votes but this will not be forthcoming at a General Election. The President is now seeking to overcome the possible deadlock that is likely to arise with a UNP President and an SLFP Parliament in this way, the statement adds." At the time of writing there have been reports that the Opposition Parties-SLFP, LSSP, NSSP, CPS MEP, TULF-were trying to get together to organise a joint anti-UNP front.
But the most determined and painstakingly lengthy Statements against the Referendum has come from the Civil Rights Movement which has been criticised (with a great deal of justification) for looking at matters only from the anti-UNP opposition angle and slanting its statements and arguments to Suit the campaigns of the parties it favoured. Very often during its existence, the CRM, it has been pointed out, has been silent when it should have spoken out, with result its credibility has been badly undermined. Neverthelese we publish for the record the Statements of the CRM on the Referendum. The CRM has issued four Statements : two containing telegrams sent to the President, one lengthy statement presenting the case against a Referendum and a fourth on addenda to the last. On October 29, the Secretary CRM, Desmond Fernando sent, the following urgent telegram to the president: 'Emergency meeting of Working Committee of Civil Rights Movement today 28 October resolved to urge abandonment proposal extend life parliament elected 1977 which proposal is ill considered, threatens very basis of democratic parliamentary government, is in breach of Sri Lanka's obligations under international covenant on Civil and political rights and negates the gains of fifty years of universal franchse. Referendum is no substitute for general election. Statement follows." On October 30, the CRM sent another urgent telegram to the President J. R. Jayewardene protesting at the haste with which it is proposed to amend the Constitution to extend the life of Parliament. This follows on an earlier telegaram protesting at the measure itself. The Civil Rights Movement's reasons for opposing the move
3

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are set out in a separete statement: "Working Commitee of Civil Rights Movement at a further emergency meeting held today 30 October 1982 strongly protests at the bill to amend the Constitution to extend the life of parliament for a further six year term not being treated in normal process but being rushed through as quote urgent in the national interest This prevents public Consideration and discuss for the benefit of members of parliament who should take a considered decision on this bill. CRM also protest at reported decision to hold the Referendum very shortly thereafter. This would be the first Referendum ever held and people must have adequate opportunity to appreciate issues involved. This bill is the most extraordinary and farreaching measure ever to come before the legislature of our country and more than any other requires extensive public debate and informed decision. Moreover there is no justification for inordinate haste as the term of the present parliament continues till August next year.'
A Statement dated October 28, entitled EXENDING THE LIFE OF PARLAMEN was released on or about October 31. It read: "The Civil Rights Movement is Shocked and alarmed at the move to extend the life of the present Parliament for a further six year term. Possibly this is a hasty proposal the full implications of which have not been worked out. The Working Committee of CRM at an emergency meeting discussed the proposal and decided to point out to the government, the opposition, political parties, to al organisations concerned with democtatic rights, and to the public, the dangerous and unprecedented nature of this step which threatens the very basis of democratic parliamentary government founded on periodic elections of the people's representatives. It is also in breath of Sri Lanka's obligations under the International Convenanton Civil and Political Rights. Sri Lanka, which only last year celebrated 50 years of universal franchise, has a history of periodic elections of its legislative assembly which are now part of the fabric of the lives of the people. This is now under threat. A referendum is no substitute for an election. CRM opposes the move for the reasons given below and urges the government to abandon this proposal and to protect our peoples's political right and heritage.
"DEFICIENCY OF THE PRESENT PARLIAMENT (1) The Present Parliament was elected in 1977 on the old System of simple majority in each electorate, which is now accepted to be highly unsatisfactory in that the resulting Parliament does not reflect the true support enjoyed by the parties among the voters. The new Constitution remedied this for the future by introducing a System of proportional representation; (2) Indeed, Speaking in Parliament in 1977, Mr. J. R. Jayewardene (then Prime Minister, now President) in explaining the decison to introduce proportional representation said: "We feel that it will give a better chance to Some of
4.

the parties that were wiped out in this election to come into the legislature; that there will be representation according to voting, and you would not find this big swing from the right to the left and vice-versa. All shades of public opinion will be able to have a voice in this House.'" (emphasis ours).-Hansard Vol.23, 23rd September 1977 col.1235; (3) the introduction of proportional representation has been hailed on Several occasions by CRM including in 1977, 1978, 1981 and most recently in CRM's statement criticising the call from certain opposition duarters for a return to the 1972 Constitution; (4) the proposal now is to prolong for a further ful term of six years a Parliament elected more than five years ago on the unsatisfactory System which does not properly reflect the state of public opinion, and in which substantial sectors of opinion remain either under-represented or totally ure presented, including around one million new voters registered since; (4A) Furthermore there is today the unsatisfactory situation that at present a two third majority in Parliament is enjoyed by a party which received only a little more than 50% of the votes at the general election. it can thus pass Bills to amend the Constitution by the required two thirds majority, which amendments may tend to suit its own narrow party interests rather than the interests of the country. This situation too would continue if the present Parliament is extended instead of holding a fresh election. In a fresh election held under proportional representation it is unlikely that any one party would obtain a two thirds majority, which means that thereafter constitutional changes would require a greater degree of national consensus; (5) It is argued that so long as the poeple approve the Bill to extend Parliament by a referengum, the requirements of democrasy are met. The "will of the people' has manifested itself, so all is well. This argument must be considered carefully. There are certainly circumstances where a referendum is desirable and justifiable; (6) However, what is in effect now being said, is that a referendum by means of which the life of the existing legislature is extended, can legitimately take the place of a fresh election of a new Parliament.
"A REFERENDUM IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR ELECTION: (7) One cannot treat a referendum to extend the existing Parliament as a substitute for election for a number of reasons. For the purpose of argument, we are assuming here that the referendum is passed by 51% of the votes, though really it needs to be passed only by 50% plus one more vote; (8) one reason has already been indicated above. Our present legislature has been elected on an admittedly unsatisfactory system. Would it be fair to allow 51% of the voters at a referendum to prolong the life of such a legislature, in which 49% of the voters are unrepresented or under-represented? (9) Similarly, is it fair to permit 51% of the voters at a referendum to authorise the continuance of the making of changes to the Constitution by a Parliament in which one party has due to an anomaly which has been rectified for future elected Parliaments, a two thirds majority?
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

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in effect, "it is one not permitting constitutional change by a 51% majority of the voters whereas the Constitution clearly envisages that such change must be approved by members of Parliament representing twothirds of the voters? (10) The reason that a referendum is no substitute for a general election is not, however, confined to the fact of the subversion of the principle of proportional representation. Even if the old electoral system continued, there are major differences between a fresh election and prolongation of an existing Parliament; (11) Firstly, at an election there are clear alternatives placed before the people - parties, policies, candidates. it would have been clearly indefensible had President Jayewardene sought not to face a presidential election ( at which there were alternative candidates in the field) but to extend his period of office by a constitutional amendment brought about by a referendum. Why therefore, apply a different principle to the legislature? (12) Secondly, general elections in the past have been fought electorate wise. The composition of a Parliament under the old system would depend not on the overall voting in the country but on the distribution of votes within the electorates. A referendum might show a bare majority in favour of the continuance of the present Parliament. But a fresh election held instead, even if people voted along the same party lines as at the referendum, could produce a totally different Parliament, depending on how the support of each party is today distributed among the electorates. In other words, a party receiving 51% of the votes taking the country as a whole (as is done in a referendum) might not have a majority of members in Parliament at al. (13) Even if the party strength in the newly elected legislature happened to be the same, there could also be changes in the electorates - a seat gained here offset by a loss there. (14) Substituting the referendum for a general election, even under the old electoral system, thus denies the right of the individual electorates to express a change of mind and to be represented by the party or the candidate of their choice. (15) it should also be mentioned that the argument has been put forward that the voting pattern at the recent presidential election would have given the ruling party a two thirds majority to an election based on the old 1972 system, and that therefore it is quite fair to extend the present Parliament. However, it would certainly not have produced a two third majority under the proportional representation system. And in any event, it is not correct to give either of these interpretations to the voting pattern at the Presidential election. For one reason, the personalities, polices and issues are not the same in each case. w
"CONTRARY TO INTERNATIONAL COVENANT (16) The proposed change is furthermore in contravention of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which Sri Lanka signed in 1980. The Covenant provides that every citizen shall have
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

the right and the opportunity to vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by Secret ballot guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors' (Artficle 25). The Covenant clearly envisages elections and not periodic referenda to prolong the life of legislatures whose period has expired; (17) After all, if a referendum can be substituted for an election once, then the process can be repeated at the end of every six year term. Elections can in effort be abolished.
"DOES THE CONSTITUTION CONTEMPLATE THIS (18) It is true that the Constitution envisages the possibility of extending the duration of Parliamen. (19) Resort to this is justifiable only in an exceptional situation (e.g., war, when all parties would be likely to agree). Such an extention should also be for no longer than the situation demands. To use this provision to justify an extension for six years with absolutely not unusual circumstances to justify it, is most extraor dinary. (20) Furthermore it is clear that the Constitution does not contemplate the extension of the present Parliament. The present Parliament consisting of 168 members, which has its origin in the old electoral system, is dealt with in the 'Transitional Provisions: of the Constitution. These provide that the present Parliament, unless earlier dissolved, shall continue for "six years from August 4, 1977 and no longer:' (Article 161 (e) ). The provision contemplating a possible amendement to extend the duration of Parliament by a two thirds majority and a referendum, very clearly refers only a future Parliament of 196 members elected under proportional representation. (Article 83 (b), 62, 98 and 99). (21.) it should be emphasised here that our Constitution envisages fundamental constitutional changes being made not by a referendum alone but by a two thirds majority in Parliament plus a referendum. (Article 85). There is certainly a crucial difference between a two thirds majority of a Parliament elected by proportional representation, and a two thirds majority of the present Parliament. CRM urges the abandonment of this proposal, and the preservation of the Jongstanding right of our people to free, periodic elections which during the pastfifty years have become so integral a part of the political life of Sri Lanka. The General election due in 1983 must be held.:
On November 2, the CRM issued a further statement on WHY CRM OPPOSES THE REFERENDUM (No.2) ELECTIONS ARE FOR THE OPPOSITON AS WELLAS THE GOVERNMENT. it explained "in an earlier statement "EXTENDING THE LIFE OF PARLIAMENT CRM set out its reasons for opposing the current move. Below, CRM expands on just one aspect only indirectly dealt with in its longer statement. An election is not only a process whereby the majority elects the government that is to rule the country for the next 6 years. It is also the process by which the opposition parties and
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representatives are elected. This is another crucial reason why a referendum to extend the life of Parliament cannot take the place of a general election. Take, for the purpose of argument, the electorates in the Northern Province. In 1977 they elected candidates of the TULF to represent them; and indeed the TULF leader became he Leader of the Opposition. Similarly, other electorates elected candidates of the SLFP to represent them. What will be the position if the referendum to extend the life of Parliament is passed? in effect, the majority of the people will be saying to the rest 'No, you cannot have fresh elections and choose different representatives or a different party to represent you. We, the majority, are telling you, that those people and those parties which you chose in 1977 will continue to represent you in Parliament. Is it right for a majority of 51 % or even 60% or 70% to use a referendum to foi St On Some electorates parties or MPs which they may no longer want? A further factor has to be considered. A new election would be under proportional representation at which, if the voting pattern remained the same as in 1977, the Opposition would gain a very much larger number of seats. By extending the present Parliament by a referendum, the majority would, therefore, also be freezing at the low 1977 figures, the number of seats occupied by the Opposition parties, and would be preventing new Opposition parties from having any seats at all. In other words, the majority will be not only prolonging the term of office of its government, but will also be freezing the number of seats occupied in Parliament by the Opposition, and will be determining which parties constitute that Opposition for the next six years. is this fair? Is this democratic? Is this a correct use of the referendum?'"
As the credibility of the CRM does not rank very high, its statements do not seem to have the impact many hope they will. With decision to hold a Referendum in the wake of the plan for an alleged coup, politics in Sri Lanka enters a new phase.
POSTSCRIPT
Colombo, Wovember 5. The Parliament took up the Fourth Amendment yesterday afternoon and after a debate that lasted 10 hours approved it in a post-midnight (1.55 a.m.) voting by 142 to 4. The TULF after a statement that it had had nothing to do with the 1972 or the 1978 Constitutions withdrew from the debate. It was not present at voting time. The TULF leader had also announced that they would resign once the life of this Parliament was over. Mr. Maithripala Senanayake and Mr. Halim Ishak of the SLFP voted with the Government. MMr. S. D. Bandaranalike also of the SLFP was absent. Those voting against were SLFPers:
6

Anura Bandaranaike, lakshman Jayakody and Ananda Dassanayaked The fourth was Sarath Muttetuwegama of the CPSL,
Though it was in the air for a day or two, the fact that Maithripala Senanayake and Halim shak voted with the Government had come as a Surprise to the public. Anura Bandaranaike, though he opposed the Bill, said that if the SLFP gets into the hands of the Marxists, 'I shall resign from the Party'. He said that the SLFP was a Centrist Party and the only demoCratic alternative to the UNP. He also Said that the October 20 results were a clear indication that the people of this country had "rejected Marxists of all hues." Mr. Anura Bandaranaike said that he opposed the Bill because the government was seeking to perpetuate the present Parliament which had been called in 1977 on the basis of the first past the post basis which the government itself had described as being unfair. By this amendment, he said, the Government was kicking away the Proportional Representation scheme and freezing the present parliament. Mr. Anura Bandaranaike also Stated that he did not think that the Referendum or the extension of the life of this Parliament could be interpreted as dictatorship.
'Mr. Maithripala Senanayake in the course of his speech, according to The Island (5.11.82) supporting the 4th Amendment to the Constitution said that as a Minister of the previous Government who had been a party to the decision to extend the life of Parliament for 2 years, he had no moral right to oppose the present Amendment. '' find it very difficult, therefore, to oppose this Amendment just because I am in the position to do so and it may be politically expedient for me to do so. But I am relieved that, in fact, the people of this country will be given an opportunity to decide whether or not the life of this Parliament is to be extended. The final decision is theirs.' Mr. Senanayake also said that they are informed that allegations are being made that there was a Naxalite group in the SLFP and that it had plans for violence, assassinations etc. He was against violence. Many persons had been questioned in connection with those alleged incidents. He would appeal that an impartial investigation be held and that in the process of the induiry that innocent persons should not be unnecessarily be dragged in and involved on personal payoffs on hear-say information. Mr. Senanayake said that he felt great Sadness and regretforthe present fate of the SLFP, torn with internal family disputes. He thanked Mr. Anura Bandaranaike, 2nd MP for Nuwara Eliya Masketiya who had once given his full support to him in Mr. Senanayake's struggle to rid the party of ' the unilateral dictates' of the leadership. Although he had left us for reasons known to himself, I take pride that my colleagues and including the MP for Harispattuwa who remained until recently with us and the 3rd Member for Colombo Central Mr. Halim shak another Senior member of our party have carried on the Struggle.
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'Mr. Senanayake said that on hearing of the decision of the Commissioner of Elections to award the symbol to the SLFP led by Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, his party had decided to support the Presidential candidate of the official SLFP, but until September 26, the leadership of the SLFP had not solicited their support. This was the reason that led to the breakway of Some of their Senior members. Mr. Senanayake also said that responsible sections of the two groups had reached an agreement which would maintlan the honour and dignity of both sections during the election campaign but this honourable agreement reached by the Seniors had been breached by the field level organisers with the result that his members had been subjected to disrespect and humiliation. He accused some people who called themselves SLFP ers of framing false charges to have the Secretary of his Party Mr. S.K.K. Sooriyaarchchi remanded. We have to take into consideration not only the aspirations of our own party supporters but also those of the large mass of the people who gave a clear mandate at the Presidential elections to President J.R. Jayewardene. Mr. Senanayake appealed to the Government to take immediate steps to reinstate the 1960 July strikers, re-employ all who awere politically victimised after the 1977 General elections, take measures to bring down the cost of living and to deviate from the present policy of providing employment only to Government Supporters and adopt a reasonable system of employment for all."'
st is not known that practically the entire Maithripasa Group was backing the Government on the Referendum. Supporting the Government are S. K. K. Sooriyarachchi (former Minister, of Industries), Cheliah Kumarasuriar (former Minister of Aosts and Telecommunications), V. T. G. Karunaratne (former Deputy Minister of Post and Telecommunications) Haseem shak (M. P. Colombo Central), P. Palendagama (former UWP organiser of Ratnapura), Mahinda Semanayake, (SLFP organiser for Udu Vuwara) and Wilfred Ratnayake (organiser for Wella waya). (Sun, 5/11/82)
With the Maithripala Group breaking with the Hector-Actor group and backing the Government on the Referendum a new phase has opened in intraparty alignments. And more and more people have become convinced that their was a diabolical plot to resort to Pol Potisom by a Section of the SFP that was backing the Hector-Actor caucus. And this is not because of goverminental propaganda but on the basis of information circulating among common people.
To be continued.
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982;

TENDER NOTICE
MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT, HOUSING AND
CONSTRUCTION. DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS.
Tenders for construction of Post Office and Post Master's Ouarters at Handessa, Kandy will be received by the Chairman, Tender Board, Department of Buildings, Colombo 1, up to 10.00 A.M. on Wednesday 24.11.1982.
02. Tender Forms could be obtained from District Engineer / Kandy South before 4.15 P.M. on 19. 11.82 by registered contractors or 'Trial Letter' holders of Department for Rs. 600,000/- and above on production of a tender deposit receipt for Rs. 250/- issued by Buildings Department, Colombo or any
Kachcheri outside Colombo.
03. Any further particulars could be obtained from the above Engineer.
K. C. Samaraweera. Director of Buildings.
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS, P.O. BOX 504,
COLOMBO 1. 08.11. 1982.

Page 10
WHY IMPORTS
What Sri Lanka Import
We publish below a further list of th publish more of such selected items i extracted from the official Customs Retu comments on the value and the econo economy, and also on whether some already been done in some cases) ir especially to induce local production. Tri on the questions raised by our read questions in order to bring fresh thinking be geared to promoting local production ir
Edible Fruit & Wuts-Peel of Melons or Cirtus foc Cashew nuts M/Kg. Dates-whole dried Oranges Grapes-dried raisins and
Currants Apples fresh Fresh pears and quinces Peel of Melons and Citrus
参列
food y A.
Coffee, Tea, Mate & Spices Coffee roasted M/Kg. Substitutes containing Coffee , ea ፵ § Chillies-dried
Pepper, long-tippilie Other chillies and Pepper Corriander seeds Cumin seeds Fennel seeds
Other
Ginger
Saffron
Mathe seeds
Turmeric
Cereals Wheat & Mesin-other M/Kg. Barley Oats Maize Paddy or Rough rice Rice-husked but not further
prepared Rice milled Other Rice broken

ES
e imports into Sri Lanka in 1987. We will in the coming weeks. The figures are rns. We invite our readers to send their mics of these imports even in an Open degree of regulatory control (as has the national interest is not necessary ibune will also offer its own comments lers and we shall ourselves provoke on the question of imports which must
all fields of activity possible here.-Ed
1981 1980-1987 Oty. in Value Rs. in Million million As. MM
20.798 28.250 dו
O.OO2 O. 115 2.405 10,862
O.001 O,040
O.80 5.056
O.176 3.608
O.001 0.047
O.O12 0.537
214.538 107.604
0.004 0.668 0.002 0.491
O.027 1.095
0,580 9.324
0.004 O.338
O.031 0.247
5.299 64.454
0.876 18.048
O.387 4.585
0.003 0.177
0.006 O. 104
O.OO2 0.150
O.617 4.897
0.324 2.425
1,337.930 2,763.879 509.949 1871.611
0.011 O,090 O.O12 0.024 O.OO2 0.024 O.OO2 0.054
148.960 859,507 5.552 31.186
5.552 31.136
To be Continued TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

Page 11
SRI LANKA CHRoNiCLE
October 24 - 30
DARY OF EVENTS IN SRI LANKA COMPLED FROM DAY MEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN COLOMBO
cDN-Ceylon Daily News; CDM-Ceylon Daily Mirror; CO-Ceylon Observer; ST-Sunday Times; SO-Sunday Observer, DM-Dinamina; LD-Lankadipa; VK Virakesari; ATH-Aththa; SM-Silumina: SLDPSri Lankadipa; JD-Janadina; SUA-Sun; DV-Davasa; DP-Dinapathi; CM-Chinthamani; WK-Weekend; RR-Riviresa; DK-Dinakara; EW-Eelanadu: S-lisland; DA-Divaina; lDPR-information Dept. Press Release.
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24. The rout of opposition parties was clearly demonstrated at last Wednesday's presidential election not only on the overall result but on the results of key electorates; the people have rejected the leadership of all opposition parties, which contested the election; the Communist Party supported the SLFP. The University Grants Commission will prosecute any person or body which awards degrees or confers doctorates to Sri Lankans in contravention of the Universities Act of 1978-SO. The people's verdict last Wednesday was basically the reaffirmation of the political structure this Government laid in 1977, an endorsement of the open market economy and the dynamism of President J.R. Jayewardene's personality and leadership; these reasons were given by Trade and Shipping Minister Mr. Lafith Athulathmudalifor the comfortable 52.91 percent victory to President Jayewardene-S7. The present law relating to the Colombo District low-lying areas reclamation is to be amended to enable government to declare any area of land as "reclamation and development area' the SLBC announced last night. Government is expected to take Stern disciplinary action against three of its members of Parliament for "unbecoming conduct' during the post-poll period-WK. Fifty six persons suspected of trying to stir up post-election disturbances have been taken into custody by the police; a senior police spokesman said that these arrests were made in Several areas such as Divulapitiya, Biyagama, Badulla, Ratnapura, Bibile and Colombo. A Sri Lankan said to be a Consultant Engineer and a non-Sri Lankan women were arrested last week with 67 kilos of Cannabis at Heathrow Airport, London-IS. It is understood that the Government has decided to increase employment opportunities and to eliminate corruption-DP. The Government expressed satisfaction at the peace prevailing in the North, East and the upcountry including all other parts of the country after the Presidential Election-VK.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 25: Finance Minister Ronnie de Mel's Vote on Account to cover the Servicing of the
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

financial period beginning on January 1, 1983 and the next budget will be presented in Parliament next Thursday. The MP for Polgahawela Mr. Sunil Ranjan Jayakody who was taken into custody by the army at Polgahawela on Thursday is being detained by the army at Kandy, police sources said. The Greater Colombo Economic Commission expects a resurgence of massive investment in the Investment Promotion Zone following the decisive victory of President J.R. Jayewardene on October 20 said Mr. E.P. Paul Perera, Director General GCEC in an interview yesterday-CD/V. The Japanese Government has offered to build 10,000 houses anywhere in Sri Lankato commemorate President J.R. Jayewardene's October 20 victory; the offer of this massive housing gift comes from a nation that yet remembers a speech made by President Jayewardene over three decades ago, -CDM. Over 95 percent of the voters at last week's Presidential poli did not exercise their second and third preferential vote. The Colombo Municipal Council will launch a massive programme for the control of pests; this is with a view to wiping out of the major health hazards in the city. The Propcrtional Representation system of voting which is expected to come into force during the forthcoming General Election is to undergo further modifications-SU. Parliament will discuss on October 28, a resolution by Finance and Planning Minister Ronnie de Mel, seeking a sum of Rs. 5,000 million to be borrowed by the issue of Treasury bills for government expenditures after January 1, 1983. important discussions will take place inside the top echelons of the ruling party to provide 'safe berths' for the prominent SLFP leaders particularly the former SLFP Minister Mr. P. B.G. Kalugalle and Mr. S.D. R. Jayeratne accCrding to UNP sources-IS. The United National Party won a land-slide victory in the Presidential election after capturing 137 out of the 160 electoral wards-DP. The Finance Minister Mr. Ronnie de Mel will present a mini-budget on Thursday when the Parliament meets-VK.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26. The Government is most concerned about the unrestrained conversion of residential homes, particularly within Colombo city, for commer -cial purposes, and it has now been decided to impose some kind of control on such conversion, because of the sharp reduction in the availability of residential premises in the capital. A group of leading opposition personalities interviewed GP Rudra Rajasingham yesterday and expressed apprehension that once the present Emergency ended, the direction of post-elction violence may shift from attacks on persons to attacks on party and newspaper offices-CD/V. The railway will operate an Intercity Express train service between Colombo Fort and Jaffna; at present intercity Expresstrains are being run between Colombo/Kandy and Colombo/Galle-CDM. Persons responsible for the distribution of a publication resembling a rice ration book promising free rice in the post -election, weeks, are likely to face fraud charges. A bill to make the Korean martial art form, Tae-Kwon-Do, a naticna Sport
9

Page 12
is to be introduced in Parliament shortly. An opposition delegation which inciuded defeated SLFP Presidential candidate Hector Kobbekaduwa yesterday requested Police Chief Rudra Rajasingham to take measures to prevent the escalation of post-election violence; the delegation included Maithripala Senanayake, Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Pieter Keuneman, Anil Moonesinghe, Dinesh Gunewardene and Several otherS-SU. The General Secretary of the Ali-Ceylon Tamil Congress, Mr. Kumar Ponnambalam, yesterday charged that 5he leaflet calling upon Tamils to vote for the Tamil Congress had been issued by the TULF itself. Selvarajah Yogachandran alias Kuttimani who is under sentence of death was yesterday produced along with five other youths, before Mr. C.L.T. Moonemale, High Court Judge of Colombo, in connection with the robbery of bank cash amounting to RS.8.1 milion; this is the thrid case for which Kuttimani was brought to Court after death sentence was passed on him in August this year-IS. Arrangements are being made to re-open the six Police Stations in the North that were closed due to terrorist attacks against certain police stations-DP.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 27: Despite fears in many parts of the world that the duty-free trading is headed for hard times, Trade and Shipping Minister Lalith Athulathmudali has expressed optimism that this is a business that will expand in the years to come. The Colombo Night Bazaar, which has proved very popular, will soon be expanded to accommodate more hawkers. Political circles were yesterday speculating on the possibility that President Jayewardene may reshuffle his cabinet very shortly-CD/V. The country would have been plunged into a state of civil war and thousands would have been killed by now had Mr. Hector Kobbekaduwa the SLFP candidate secured victory at the Presidential elections, former Minister of the Bandaranaike Cabinet, Mr. P.B.G. Kalugalle said yesterday-CDM. The Cabinet and the United National Party's Working Committee will both examine the outcome of last week's Presidential election when they meet today. Foreign exchange earnings in the form of remittances from Sri Lankans working arboad will reach over six bilion rupees this year, Senior Deputy Governor of the Central Bank Dr. H.N.S.Karunatilake told Sun yesterday–SU. The Inspector General of Police, Mr. Rudra Rajasingham, has told all Police oficials to disregard political considerations and act strictly in accordance with the law in dealing with complaints of post-election violence. Three politicians of the ruling party were questioned by the police for alleged involvement in post-election violence after the Presidential election-VK.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28. The Government yesterday decided to seek the people's consent to extend the incumbent parliament for six years from August 1983 by a referendum expected to be called before the end of this year. A 12-member terrorist gang attacked the
O

Chavakachcheri police station before dawn yesterday, killing three policeman and a suspect in the staticnicck up before decamping with a haul of police firearms. ard ammunition. The Commissioner of Elections Mr. Chandrananda de Silva yesterday forwarded the TULF rcmination of Mr. Selvarajah Yoga chardran alias Kuttimani to the Vaddukoddai seat in Parliament to the Secretary - General of Parliament—CDW. A Referer dum to extend the term of office of the first Parlia mert uit der the 1978 Constitution by six years frcm August 1983 will be held before Christmas this year-CDM. Opposition political paties reacted adversely to gover ment's decision yesterday to hold a refererdum to emain in office for a further term of six years. A Series of measures
to control public expenditure and curb inflaticn which
is expected to increase tremendously, in the next few months is to be introduced by government immediately. The Special Presidential Commission can continue to function despite a writ of Ouo Warranto issued by the Registar of the Supreme Courtaga inst Justice K. C. E. de Alwis, on the orders of the Chief Justice, according to legal circles-SU. In a dramatic move yesterday, Plesident Jayewardene called upon the Cabint of Ministers to support his proposal for holding a refererdum which would extend the term of the present Paria mert by six years and requested all government Members of Parliament to resign from their Seats. The public of Jaffna were asked to remain in their house from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. with effect from yesterday by the Jaffna pcice-IS. The paople will decide by mid-December whether the present government will continue in office for a further period of six years or whether they want fresh elections to decide the issue-CO.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29: Prime Minister R. Premadasa told the government parliamentary group yesterday that a third of the registered votes must be obtaired to win the referendum. The Government will shortly introduce a pension scheme in place of the Employees' Provident Fund which will benefit around three million workers who are members of the EPF. Mr. Felix Dias Bardaranaike filed action in the Supreme Court yesterday, challen ging the right of the government to extend the term of the present Parliament-CDN. Prime Minister Mr. R. Premadasa told a shocked Parliament yesterday of a massive plot hatched by Vijaya Kumaranatunga, certain elements of the SLFP and the Communist Party of assassinate President J.R. Jayewardene, himself, all Ministers and other key political figures immediately after Mr. Hector Kobbekaduwa won the October 20 poll-CDM. The Guvernment which is seeking a mandate for a further six-year term will move a fourth amendment to the Constitution, to give legal effect to the extension of the tenure of the present Parliament. Several new faces are likely to be included when President J.R. Jayewardene makes changes in the Cabinet and the Govern ment Parliamentary Group; the impending changes have already fuelled speculation in high government circles of a possible national government. All Members of the Government Parliamentary Group yesterday
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

Page 13
as a "reserve force' against aggression lauched from outside. The time for their cannot be fixed by us alone. We do need a reliable friend like the Soviet Union to support our independence when it is threatened from outside," he declared-Patriot. •
TRIBUNE
Agricultural Digest
T TURNED HIS LIFE
An Earthworm -
By Frank J. Taylor.
ONE BLACK DAY in 1936 a wiry little Los Angeles physiotherapist found himself facing a crisis. The business in which he had invested his life Savings had failed, and at the very age when he had expected to retire Dr. Thomas J. Barrett was obliged to make a new start. His cash assets were $9. The future looked dark. But today Dr. Barrett says it was his lucky day. To regain his health, he had to get out of the city. Afriend offered him an acre on a hot, dry hillside at the edge of the San Fernando Valley. 'Pay me $5 a month when you can', said the friend. Dr. Barrett took over the acre, nothing down. The only shrubbery on the steep slope was cactus and a scrubby little peach seedling pushing out of a pile of rusting cans. The doctor and his wife spent week ends clearing their 'farm'. When the rains came, he began digging in the shallow soil with a Second hand shovel and a pick, to level a site for a shelter, first unit of their farm home. Amost the first shovelful of soil he turned, be: aath a cactus revealed a wrigging earthworm, the first living creature he encountered on the barren slope. The earthworm transformed not only the 'farm' but Dr. Barrett's life as well. In the first six months of 1947, as a result of that chance encounter, Dr. Barrett took in $10,358 without leaving his acre. Earthworm had provided him with a livelihood; more,they had made him famous enough to be listed in Who's Who. People from many lands beat a path to his door. His house was no longer a tiny shack, but a hospitable, low, ivy-covered cottage surrounded by roses, a grape arbor, and vegetable and flower gardens. The struggling peach was no longer scrubby, but a lush tree, laden with peaches. It and other trees he planted shaded the terrace on which Dr. Barrertt sat and chinned with visitors from after he had never dreamed of knowing.
The squirming earthworm in the shovel of Soil inspired a mental flash-back, bridging eighteen years. Again, Thomas Barrett was a doughboy in France, a
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982
 

runner for the 111th Engineers. By an old church near the Argonne Forest he encountered an aged French peasant, obvious to the booming gunfire, Sweeping up loose soil along a damp well. His curiosity aroused, the doughboy stopped to inquire why this particular earth was so precious. "Le Bon Dieu knowshow to build good earth and he has given the Secret to the earthWorms', replied the old Frenchman gravely. He explained how he gathered the earthworm castings by the church wall every few days and used them to enrich the Soil in which he grew his choicest flowers. Satisfied, young Thomas Barret continued on his way and forgot the incident for almost two decades. Discharged when the war ended, he specialized in electrical physiotherapy in Los Angeles, helped to develop Several machines in common use by physicians. 'If a few earthworms could enrich that old Frenchman's garden, why couldn't we put a million of them to work turning our hillide into a garden?' he asked his wife twenty years ater. "Yes, but where are you going to get a million earthworms?' she asked.
He didn't know, but he soon found out. With the Slender, argumentative little doctor, thirking of Scimething is equivalaent to doing something. He read up on earthwcrms. There was a lot of ore, dating back to Aristotole and continuing through Chailes Darwin's monumental works to present-day writers. Thousands of observers had many good words to say about earthworms, but few of them did anything about them. Earthwcrms, by their ceaseless bcring, kept the earth's crust frable; they transformed vegetable and animal waste into sweet, rich humus; they changed the earth's natural chemicals into soluble plant focd; their countless triors of tiny tunnels enabled rain water andair to penatrate the Soil, besides making pathways for rootlets of plants. In short, the lawly earthworm, doing what came naturally, was Nature's emergetic scil husbandman. Dr. Barret concluded that the most useful things he could do with the rest of his years was 'harness the earthworm'. Earthworms, boring into the earth, were already working forman; but Barret believed, after his studies, that with an assist frcm man they could do even more and maybe help Solve some of mankind's acute food problems. Electing himself the earthworms champion, he named his hillside acre Earth, master Farm. Every time he set out a tree or shurb or bush or plant, he planted some earthworms with it. Mrs. Barretts fears were unfounded; he found it fairly easy to propagate a million earthworms. He brought in scme frcm well-mulched dells in rainy Season. He got more from earthworm specialists, including the late George Shefield Oliver, who had reared and championed them for years and who attempted to breed a hybrid earthWorm with the best characteristics of the 3,000 varieties found over the earth's Surface.
AS the doctor experimented, his once barrel hillside acre assumed a more and more lush appearance. Vegetation flourished where it had dried up before
15

Page 14
during the hot rainless Summers. Dr. Barrett gives his earthworms most of the credit. He estimates he has now at least a million of them boring into his hillside, turning the organic waste into topsoil and dring several feet into the rocky SubSoil to bring up minerals that formerly were locked up, insoluble and unavilable to the rocts of growing plants . Dr. Bar, ett characte izes his acre as a subtropical paradise. It may not be quite that, but it is a delightful contrast to the acre next to him, unrecs imed and stilla baren unhospitable hillside. Around his title house grow bougainville, bibiscus, jasmine, ferrs, roses, palms, acacia, jacaranda, figs, grapes, berries and fruit trees. Every So often someone asks Dr. Baret why he doesn't buy that barren acre next door and turn his earth worms loose on it. The earthworm champion's blue eyes flash as he explains: 'I don't want more land. All I want is more topsoil. We can grow all the vegetables and fruit we can eat on this acre, if we let the earthwcrms do our cultivating and fertilizing. That's the trouble with the thinking in this country. Everybody wants more acres, when what he needs is more topsoil.' Dr. B3 ret figures that his million earthworms weight about as much as a truck horse. They are working around the clock, while a horse could plow only eight housa day. Dr. Barret would have to be plodding behind a horse, wrestling the plow into the furrows, while his earthworms much around the roots of the trees, the grape vines and the vegetables where the horse and plow could't possibly go. 'If I had a horse,' said the doctor, "I'd have to feed and water him daily, whether he was working or not. Of course, have to feed the worms, but only decaying leaves, trimmings, manure from neighbours' stables and chicken pens, and the scraps from our kitchen, which we bury. In exchange they do my work, digging more than could do and adding a hundred tone of the richest kind oftopsoil to my care every year.' ر
To Be Concluded
A BUSH WITH A FUTURE
Jojoba
By John Madeley.
JOJOBA, one of the new generation of"power plants' is yielding its first seed in Africa this year, and the prospects of growing oil on a bush in the desert have moved quite rapidly from fantasy to reality. In an experiment which could have far reaching consequences for Some of the poorest countries, the Sudan has been growing jojoba for five years in six different locations. Now the Sudan is harvesting the rewards of its efforts. On a plot of land in the Red Sea hills, 3,000 feet above Sea level, the Sudan's jojoba bushes are this year
16

yielding a seed which is 53 per cent cil, a seed so valuable that it is currently fetchirg US$ 20 a b. Jojoba pronounced ho-ho-ba is a rather Scruffy lcokirg bush which thrives in areas of low rainfall ard sardy soil where little else will gi CW; it does rot compete with food crops for lard. It grows wild in Mexico'is Scricra Desert and in pars of Arizona ard South Cafcrria. Scruffy looking it may be, but jojoba has three distinct characteristics which mean that it could play an important role in the development effo. rts of many Third World countries. Firstly, the bushes produce a valuable Seed which could be a rew cas
Crop. They could provide part of the wold's 'rew of' ard-unlike the old-jojoba is a rerewable sources; the Seeds can be harvested every year. Seconcily, joicba could help to stabilize the soil; it has the pctertial to stop desert creep. Thircly, jojoba offers encrmous scope for technical cooperation among developing counties.
In February this year a Conference on jojoba was held in Khartoum, jcintly Crganized by the government of the Sudan and the UN Development Frqgramme. Attended by 27 courtres from Africa and the Middle East, the Khartoum conference gave a signitia cart filip to jojoba's development. The pctential of the jojoba bush was spotted in the late 1960s by a University of Cal for -nia Professc r Demet ios Yermanos. He began conduciting tests with jojoba at his university, ard his results showed that jojoba had an important future. Yermanos says that a yield of 3,000 lbs of Seed from an acre of jojoba, that has been planted out for nire to ten years, 'appears to be a realistic expectation.' The bushes yield their first seed after about five years but take up to . twice that long to realize their full potential. Apat frcm yields, Yermanos also noticed Somethirg else about jojoba. Where the bush was growing on a beach in Mexico, he found that the Sand around it held fastsuggesting that jojoba had the potential to stabilize the soil. Spured by Yermano's finding, a growing number of American farmers stared to growthe bush ona commercial basis; there are now about one thousand American growers in all. A student at the University of California, Mohamed Khairi, felt that jojoba should be given a chance in the Sudan. With the help of a US$ 360,000 grant from UNDP, the Sudanese experiment began in 1977 with Professor Yermanos as consultant. Seeds from both Mexico and the United States were flown over the Arlantic and planted in different locations in the Sudan. Dr Khairi, who now coordinates the Sudan's jojoba project, says that the bushes' growth in all six locations is highly encouraging. "The rate of growth is faster' he says, 'than in the plant's native Mexico."
in Mexico, jojoba bushes normally grow at about a foot a year but in the Sudan some bushes are now 7 feet high, five years after planting. An FAO team which looked at the Sudan’s jojoba said, "the successful estalishment of a plant which protests land from loss desert and at the same time products a high value Sale
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

Page 15
able product in an enviornment where little else can (even grow, is a remarkable achievement.' Precise yields of seed will be known later this year but it is clear that jojoba likes Africa-it's warmer than in Mexico and the absence of any real winters has helped towards its faster growth. If a yield of 3,000 lbs an acre is possible, then, at today's price of $20 alb, this would give a return per acre of $60,000 a huge amount. But the price is likely to drop sharply as commercially grown seed comes on to the market. Most of the seed now on the market has grown wild on bushes in Mexico. But even if the price divided to $2 a lb, the return per acre could still be $6,000. As jojoba can be grown on land where nothing else grows, a yield if $6,000 an acre is considerable. Planted out in a Semi-arid Third World rural area, jojoba would need some irrigation at least in its early life, the ground around the bushes would need weeding and the land protected from goats. Provided this minimum amount of maintenance was carried out, jojoba seems hardy, enough to survive in rainfall as low as four inches a year. A.
Jojoba oil is already being used as an ingredient in a number of different products. A Los Angeles company uses the oil to help to make a high quality lubricant, which it claims needs changing only once every 32,000 kms. Jojoba oil is somewhat similar to sperm whale oil-an important factor in the minds of the whale lobby.The increased availability of jojoba oil could help to take the pressure off the whale, making an effective ban on whaling more likely. Cosmetic manufactures are using jojoba in expensive cosmetics. Professor Yermanos believes it has potential also in pharmaceuticals and as a cooking oil. When the price drops, jojoba could be suitable as a more general purpose oil-and it will be chiefly the poorest countries that have this oil. Jojoba does not thrive in the rich fertile Soil common in Western countries. Small areas of the US apart, it is the developing countries that have the ideal conditions for jojoba's growth. Jojoba's Second contribution to development-but possibly its most important -is that it has the potential to act as an effective barrier against desert creep. Soon after planting, jojoba develops a very deep root. In its first month, the root grows by as much as an inch a day. Yermanos found some bushes in Mexico with roots as long as 100 feet. This lding root enables the plant to tap all available soil moisture, so it needs a minimum amounf of water on the ground and it helps to stabilize the soil, hoiding the ground fast. For villages closes to advancing desert jojoba's long root could be a lifesaver. It might be possible to think of people in Sahelian villages planting out a ring of jojoba around them. With the Sahara Desert creeping at over three miles each year, eating up and that once grew crops, jojoba offers an important ray of hope for thousands of communities.
Professor Yermanos believes that further research is needed to test jojoba's potential as a barrier against the sand. Also he stresses that it is up to each tountry to
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

test jojoba and develop the strains of the plant that are most suited for their own conditions. The third characteristic of jojoba is that is is a natural for technical and economic Cooperation among developing countries. Mexico has helped the Sudan with jojoba cultivation; Dr Mohamed Khairi Said at the Khartoum Conference that the Sudan was now keen to help other coun
tries who want to cultivate the bush. Sudan has the
experience of growing jojoba in different soils at fifferent temperatures in both and and semi-arid zones and it
has accumulated knowledge over the last five years that should be invaluable to neighbouring countries. One interesting aspect of the Sudanese experiment is that jojoba plants that have not been irrigated
have been found to be thriving as well as irri
gated bushes . Further research into the plant could enable a strain of jojoba to be developed
that dispenses with irrigation altogether. This
would mean that the bush could be planted even
in areas where no irrigation was available. If and
when jojoba takes off in the Third World, will multinatio
nal firms move in? Already the firms are showing a keen
interest in the bush. Representatives from the Italian oil company AGP, attended the Khartoum conference; jojoba could be an important input for them; they are likely to want to negotiate with developing countries that are growing jojoba, or even negotiate rights to grow
their own bushes. Jojoba's potenbial as an oil of the future could give developing countries a degree of bargaining power.They have the land, they have the abiility to plant their own bushes no advanced technologyly is needed. Furthermore the seed can be processed ccally Mexico is already doing that. A hard bargain can there
fore be struck with the multinational companies. Finan
cial assistance for jojoba's development is however likely to be needed. Following the interest shown in the bush at the Khartoum conference, the UNDP has
announced a regional grant for its continued develop
ment. Most countries in North, and West, Africa and
also the Middle East, are now laying plans to grow jojoba, at least on an experimental basis. "Jojoba has captured the minds of scientists and people around the world," said Professor Yermanos in Khartoum. If the bush can 'capture' the soil, holding it fast against the remorseless spread of the desert, provide a new cash
crop and also additional opportunities for developing
countries to cooperate with each other, then joj oba
will make a significant contibution to development, in
the last part of the century.
Ya
Further information about ofoba can be obtained from:
Dr M. Khairi, Ministry of Agriculture, Khartoum, Sudan.
Professor D.M. Yermanos, University of Californ nia, Riverside., California, USA.
E.
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Page 16
WILT DISEASE
A Curse to Betelvine
WT or foot rot disease is the biggest enemy of betevine, Since it causes immense looses, the farmers consider it as a big curse. The fungal infection is a Serious threat to the Crop all over the country and its destructive effect ranges between 30 and 100% of the crop. Caused by the fungi Phytophthora parasitica f. piperina and P. Palmivora, the disease is found to effect mostly the betelvine crop of six months age and above. The extent of its damage in certain cases is so high that farmers have switched to other crops in traditional betelvine gardens. Generally the desease occurs in the cold Season when the atmospheric mois ture level is highly conducive for the rapid multipli-- cation of the fungi, and the affected vines show yellowing and dropping of leaves from tip downwards.
Sudden wilting of vines row after row is also a clear indication of the disease incidence, three days, the entire plant dries up. Fleshy leaves fose lustre and turn dull, and in two or stem gets dehydrated and presents a brown parched look. The lower portion of the stem, close to the ground, shows irregular water Soaked lesions, and the infected plant, if pulled out, shows block discoloured and rotted nodes On slight disturbance, the stem portion snaps at the decayed nodes exposing fibrous inner parts. In young plants the leaves exhibit symptoms of leaf rot. They develop round or irregular water Soaked spots, besides yellowing on the upper surface and showing a downy fungal growth on the lower Surface of leaves. Mostly soil-borne, the infective organism also spreads through irrigation water from one garden to another Some of the bund-weeds serve as alternate hosts for the fungi and they help in passing the disease to beteivine.
The dreaded wit disease can be effectively checked by using proper fungicides. The method followed to control the infection is the drenching of the soil with 1% bordeaux mixture at monthly intervals from early stages of the crop. This practice, in addition to preventing the incidence, also increase the yields significantly. Soil treatment with the same compound only during the cold weather periods of September to February, has also been found to be very effective in keeping the fungi at bay. Alternatively, bordeaux mixture 0.5% and copper oxychloride, fytolan 0.25% (1,250 gm in 500 litres of water per hectare) will give Sound protection against the disease. Application of 1,500 kg Super phosphate per hectare along with good amounts of groundnut oil cake, will help in minimising the incidence of the wilt. Care should be taken to avoid farm yard manure.
18

SW/IPPETS
MIRACULAN RICE BOSTER : Preliminary trials with Miraculan plant nutrient during Yala, 1981 and Maha 1981/82 have shown booster effects on riceproduction as indicated below: VK.
Location Percentage increase
Yala 198f AllMaha
81/82 1. Bandarawela
Research Station 17.6 ar 2. Mahalluppallama Research 3.0 aw
station 3. Ambalantota
Paddy Station 6.0 4.2 4. . Makandura
ReSearch Station are 3.8 5. Bombuwela
Research Station 8.0 6. Tabbowa farmers' Fields 11.0 39.0 7. Apura District
Farmers' Fields ar 8.O. 8. Mullaitivu District 2.6 منتیجہ۔
Farmers' Fields 9. Vavuniya District
Farmers' Fields rara- 112 10. Hambantota District
Farmers' Fields **Nos 7.2
AVERAGE 9.4 12.8
re. Set
Miraculan is the trade name for a plant nutrient manufactured by Mazda international Ltd., Bombay. It contains a fatty alcohol Tria-contanel, extracted from alfalfa (lucerne), which is said to be non-toxic to plants. It is supplied in 200 m bottles (Rs. 60/- indian each). Two bottles are required to spray one hectare. The first application of 200 ml in 500600 litres of water per hectare is given 3-4 weeks after transplanting. The same dose is repeated at 7-8 weeks. Miraculan is not a replacement for chemica fertilizers; but if used as stated above it acts as a yield booster.
GROUNDNUT cRVT, MAHA 1981/82. Deputy Director (Research), Angunukolapelessa, who is also the Co-ordinator for Oil Crops Research, reports. that in the National Co-ordinated Varietal trials cunducted in Maha 1981/82 at Girianduru Kotte, Karadian Aru, Kilinochchi, Maha luppallama, Makandura and Angunukolapelessa, three new recommendations, South China, No. 45 and X 14, were ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively; another promising variety V 53 Tatu was 14th, and the standard recommendation M1 was 5th. The old recommended varieties A. 92 and Red Spanish were completely outclassed as indi
cated below :
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

Page 17
Variety Av. yield
(kg/ha) South China 2290 No. 45 2116 X 14 2090 V 53 Tatu 2073 M 1 2054 A 92 1868 . Red Spanish 1778
Other promising selections are Uganda (new) and CO 501, which recorded the highest yields at Maha illuppallama, and JH 71 at Girianduru Kotte.
Since A 92 has the same characteristics as No. 45, X 14 and Ml 1, it can now be dropped from the recommended lists. The same cannot be said for Red Spanish which despite its low yields, continues to remain popular because of its early vigour, drought tolerance and red kernels. Attempts will be made to boost the production potential of Red Spanish by gamma-ray induced mutation breeding.
FATTERNG FINGER MLLETS. The search still continues for a more desirable Kurakkan cultivar than the presently recommended M. 302, which is long-aged (3: -4 months) and of uneven maturity. Criteria for Selection are short age (2-3 months), resistance to blast and stemborer, even maturity and high yield. The following new introduction have performed well at Kilinochchi in Maha 1981/82: HH 231-1, JNR 3B 1008 and CO 10. Yield, age and susceptibility to blast are given below comparatively with Mi 302 and the Jaffna local Cultivar.
Variety Age Yield %. Infection
(days) (kg/ha) Weck Finger HR 231 -1 95- 1 00 4269 16.4 10.0
JNR 3B 1008 95-100 3995 13.9 - 9.6 CO 1 O 95-100 36.17 6.9 8.2 M. 302 105-1 1 0 3240 O.O 0.0 Jaffna Local 95-100 3238 7.4 73
JNR 3B 1008 and CO 10 have also performed well in the southern dry zone. Deputy Director (Research), Angunukolapelessa reports the following results from rainfed trials conducted during Maha 1981/82.
Variety Age Blast Other Yield
(days) (score) diseases ska/ha) JNR 3B 1608 87 2 2 1977 K5 82 2 1. 1904 CO 10 82 2 O 1895 PB 83-4 82 2 1 1605 HR 231 -1 87 2 3 1327 M. 302 98 2 5 271
Disease score: O is no disease; 10-serious disease. Co 10 has also performed well at Maha illuppallama
during the Maha season, and at Thirunelvely under irrigation in Yala.
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

SCIENTISTS SEEK
More Food From Grain
RESEARCHERS AT La Trobe University, Melbourne, are studying the biochemistry of plant cell walls to unlock valuable unused sources of proteins, vitamins and minerals. The walls chosen for intensive study are from cells of cereal grain storage tissue. The cells in the storage tissue (endosperm) are packed with the starch and gluten food reserves which are used to nurture the developing Seedling and have been exploited by man as a major source of food carbohydrate and protein. A layer of cells known as the aleurone surrounds the endosperm. The cells are thickwalled, survive milling and are collected intact as part of the bran. The thick walls of unbroken aleurone cells are not susceptible enzymic degradation in the digestive tracts of man and domestic animals such as pigs and poultry. As a result aleurone protein of high nutritional quality, useful B vitamins ard minerals within the cells cannot be digested at least until the bran reaches the colon, where microbial action degrades the walls and protein. Professor Bruce Stone and Dr. Geoffery Fincher, of the Department of Biochemistry, and Professor A. W. Wardrop, of the Department of Botany, have led researchers in determining the organisational plan of the aleurone cell walls, their chemistry and their enzymic degradation. This has provided important clues towards the solution of the practical problem of unlocking the protein and other nutrients in unbroken aleurone cells.
Professor Stone said he was assessing two approaches to the problem of making the contents of aleurone cells available. One was by adapting conventional milling procedures for the mechanical breaking open of the thickwalled aleurone cells. In cooperation with flour miles, pilot-Scale processes have been developed to isolate highly entriched aleurone frcm commercial bran. These preparations are being used to assess various mechanical disruption techniques aimed at developing commercial-scale technology. Researchers will also be able to assess the nutritive value of aleurone protein through livestock feeding trials. Another approach being followed by the researchers is through the modification of the aleurone cells with enzymes. This occurs naturally during germination when the outer, thicker wall layer is partially digested by endogenous enzymes while the inner, thinner layer. remains intact. Attempts are being made to reproduce this effect with exogenous enzymes. The researchers said their work promised to be of practical significance. and would provide fundamental information on the molecular mechanism which protects part of the aleurone cell wall from digestion. Bran, with its high content of aleurone cell walls, is the classical source of dietary fibre, and foodproducts richinbranare firdirg ccm mert cial importance in diets designed to prevent bowel
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Page 18
diseases. The comprehensive chemical and physical examination of aleruone cell walls has contributed important basic information on this form of dietary fibre. --
MEETING THE DEMAND
For Red Rices
Most of the new improved high yielding varieties are white rices. There is, however a steady demand for red rices in the North, South and Central provinces and plant breeders are engaged in developing improved red rices to meet this demand. Successful results have already been obtained in the South with the realease of the new red rice BW 272-6B (3 months) from the Bombuwela Regional Research Station, to replace the traditionally popular but low yielding Herath Banda. Yields of 2.1 t/ha have been taken with BW 272-6B in contrast to 1.4 tsha from Hearth Banda under farmer managed conditions. There are also great expectations of releasing an acceptable 4-4 months red rice soon. (BW 271-1), with a production potential of over 100 bushels per acre. This variety is resistant to blast, gall midge and iron toxicity, which are limiting factors in the Kaluara and Galle districts; it is also highly Weed competitive because of its early seedling vigour.
Similarly, Ambalantota Paddy Station has also released a 3 months red rice (AT 16) to meet the demands of farmers in the Matara and Hambantota districts. Rice breeders at this station are now developing improved red rices in the other age classes. Two promision selections: At 68 (4-4 months) with long to medium grains has given better yields than the 'standard recommendation Bg 90-2. and at 62-4 (3 months) is as productive as Bg 94-1. None will deny that Bg 94-1 (white) iseasily the most pupular improved variety in cutivation today, largely because of its wide adaptability and short age, it also has an internationally accepted grain size and shape. It is not surprising therefore that there is a clamour amongst farmers and consumers for a similar type of red rice. its this possible? The Bathalagoda breeders seem to think so. The performance of the new Bg 94-2 (red rice) bred by them and introduced into the national co-ordinated rice varietal trials, will therefore be followed with much interest.
Very soon there will be also be improved red rices for the Badulla district, where H4 is still the popular cultivar despiteitslow yields, madlog age (43-5 months) which exposes it to strong winds from May onwards causing lodging and shattering. Five Bathaagoda bred red rices 3-3 months duration have produced 5-6 tsha on an experimental basis. The best
20

of these lines : Bg 376-1, Sel. 79-1029, 79-1 031 , 801,608 and 80-1,610 in the final stage of testing, will soon be recommneded for release. Rice breeders at Paranthan have also developed several red rices, which they hope will take the place of the presently cultivated 62-355 in the manawari rice lands, PR11 is a particularly promising line.-Research Highlights.
REVIEWS, STORIES. POETRY
A HISTORICAL INOURY About Prince Wijaya
Historical Truths of the Legend relating to Prince Vijaya by P.M. Jayarajan : Every nation has a number of 'myths' to live by. Not without a poetic or esoteric dimension these myths help in the psychological integration of peoples and their ideals and value systems. Myths are both useful and necessary even though remote, like the introduction of the 'Lion' into British symbolism. One need not be surprised even if a Western people had brought in an elephant symbol because the Western civilization is a 'new arrival' in an ancient cultural Scene. However, what is a misfortune in the world of learning is the myth (fostered among Western thinkers) that civilization began with the Greeks. This both destroys the time frame of human civilization and impedes honest inquiry into antiquity and into the prior contemporaneous civilization of Egypt, India and China. This "Greek theory" is further compounded by the tenuous hypothesis of the 'Aryan migration" into India in the middle of the second millennium B.C. - a theory which is today questionable in the fight of arecheological progeess in the post-war period. An anterior Indian emigration Westwards appears to have been more dikely. Schliemann's inquiry into the historicity of Homer's epic has fústified an unbiassed inquiry into the basis of Ramayana and the links between the Minoan and the ancient civilizations of the sub-continent of India.
The people of Sri Lanka have little meaning biologically or culturally except in reference to the sub-continent of India. We are a variation of the theme of this continental civilization - and a valuable variation at that. Outlinks go to antiquity as presented in the Ramayana which event-wise pre-dates the Maha Bharata. This island (together with part of South India) it is said, formed the ancient kindgom of Ravana. The Vijayan connection is a subsequent connection. Following this comes the most important Sri Lanka cultural connection
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

Page 19
with India - the introduction of Buddhism around which grew up the cultural expansion and re-orientation of the dominant population groups. Nobody need deny the existence of a pre-Buddhist Culture of depth, and those customs, rituals, dance forms, artifacts etc are only in recent times being given attention and inquiry. The cultural fusion between the Vijayan Connection and the pre-Vijyyan, demands inquiry and P. M. Jayarajan's book on the Vijayan legend opens up questions of deep interest in the history of antiquity and culture. The people of this island are suf, iciently mature to pursue this inquiry further without prejudice to the 'myths' we now live by. The recent location of Vijitapura and the finding of the ancientsluice gate at Maduru Oya at the very site of the new Maduru-Oya dam raise many questions. The bas relief burnt clay frieze of five dancing figures (and a pre-Greek type of pillarwich has parallels at Knossos) on the face of the sluice outlet suggest a remarkable development of the indigenous peoples prior to the Vijayan connection. The use of bricks of a dimension of the earliest N.C.P. period and the use of the gable arch as at Mohenjo Daro at Maduru(Oya call for investigation. The Yaksha and Naga communities of pre-Vijayan Sri Lanka appear to have been a part of the ancient Ravana kingdom which was astride india and our island.
Mr. Jayarnjan's study is a careful presentation of the structuring of written history and the Subsequent inferences and interpretations - too numerous to be recounted here. The confusion in the treatment by various writers of the 'Aryan'and 'Dravidian'lingusistic developments and sentimental attempts to trace the purity of bloodlines in Sri Lanka and the Indian Subcontinent have left behind many ghosts to haunt us in our day. Mr. Jayarajan's treatment of the growth of written language and parallels between the indus Wally and pre-Vijayan Sri Lanka calls for closer study. łt is now taken that the so called “Indus Valley Civilization' was far more extensive in area than that covered by the Sumerian and the Egyptian taken together. During the heyday of that civilization (2500 B.C. to 1900 B.C.) it extended from the Afghan border to Uttar Pradesh and from Manda (Jummu) in the North to Bhagatrav (Gujerat) in the South. Their overseas trade passed through Lothal, a port city situated at the head of the Gulf of Cambay and reached out over South india and Sri Lanka (Vide recent research by S.R. Rao, Superintending Archaeologist, Archeological Survey of india, Vadodara and The Indian and Foreign Review of 15th November 1979). Dr. Rao has also found common ground between the Indus and the Rig Vedic civilizations. Scriptwise he finds links with the early Semitic and the later scripts of Phoenecians. The Harrappans had disciplined a partly pictograph writing into an alphabetic system. Mr. Jayarajan adverts to related problems in our local scenes. In the 2nd edition of his earlier book, History of the Evolution of the Sinhala Alphabet Mr. Jayarajan juxtaposes the early script of the Indus Valley, Cretan, Brahmi, early Semitic, early Greek Moa
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982.

bite and Aramaic scripts. In another table he juxtaposes Tamil, Grantha, Malayalam and Sinhala. Again the Sinhala script is shown in relation to Bengali, Gujerati, Devanagari, Kannada and Telugu. Clearly, a simplistic linkage of language and biological race is a foolish gesture, and dangerous in our times.
Mr. Jayarajani's reflections on the Vijayan legend makes stimulating reading and helps Sri Lankans to live with these myths without being haunted by them.
G.I.O.M. Kurukulasurya
EC FM FOCUS
Violence in Films
The other day, a doctor friend of mine posed the question 'What is happening to this beautiful country of ours?' He was pointedly referring to the violent organised patterns of crime that were emerging on the local Scene, a phenomena that had left our country untouched for many years. But of late, violence seems to bw stalking the land and blood curdling details of Some incidents to be were divulged in Parliament recently by no less a person than the Prime Minister, R. Premadasa. If readers wonder why this column has got off on this grim note this week it is because it has been worried whether violence in films too had contributed to Some extent to the turbulently changing scene and the birth of a more sophisticated type of criminal pattern that we see in films. This celluloid violence, not - necessarily of the Martial Arts variety which is more of a self-defensive nature, is rather raw in execution and planned to the last detail. This column hopes to examine more on this subjects in the weeks to come. but for the present, the following news item in an Indian film weekly should be an eye-opener on the issues raised. "Films had a tendency to glorify violence and glamorous crime and were an unintentional source of teaching the viewers techniquesofcommitting crime, said Mr. DharmaVira, the Chairman of the National Police Commission, while speaking at a discussion on Media and Crime in relation to people's co-operation in curbing crime, held at a Conference organised by the All India Crime Prevention Society in New Delhi. Mr. Vira who is a member of the Indian Civil Service, noted that criminals in films lived in extraordinary luxury and it was only in the last few minutes of the film, that their career of crime came to an end, either through sudden reformation or by an assault by the hero assisted by the Police. A large number of participants strongly criticised the censors for permitting violent and vulgar films on the screen, Referring to kissing in films, a social worker Said that much had been said of this act of love, while it was violence that should be condemned. The participants in thus Seminar included Police officers, lawyers and Social workers". This column also
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recommends that an immediate get together on these lines by the relevant local authorities, which should include the censors too, would go a long way in stemming the tide and trend of violence that is assailing our shores at the moment.
1947 (English): Director Steven Spielberg has Carved out a name for himself in the film Scene locally by just two films 'Jaws' and "Close Encounters of a Third Kind", both proving to be block busters at the box office. Ouite in contrast however is his war comedy, '1941", that did not quite click with audiences, leaving the impression that film creators, however reputed, should not overstretch themselves to a point of omnipotence with the feeling that serious films and comedies could be made with the Same wand of competence. Two studios, Columbia and Universal, have combined together for the first time perhaps to make this film, a comedy where laughter is chilled by frequent cuts and to prevent a smooth flow of Sequences that hug a high brow all along, to veil the lighter story it intends to portray. It is just six days after the Pearl Harbour incident, that brought America into the world conflict, when the Japs caught the Yanks with their pants down-the resultant panic waves spreading over USA which had thought itself invincible till the chinks in their naval armour were split wide open in a few fierce moments. From - then it was pandemonelium till the waves Settled, and a Jap submarine was spotted Creeping stealthily on, with Hollywood as its target The film turns spoofy at this little invasion along the Californian shores meant ridiculously to sever a link that would snap the Spine of a powerful nation. With its periscope and missiles poised at this cultural outpost that did not know war, the enemy commences its private battle, and is met by slings in return from an isolated but hysterical family group and a couple of tourists perched atop. a stalled giant wheel. Fighter planes too add to the fun as they cast their shadows of the rising Sun on the bright lights of America's film bowl capital with roof high take offs. With a lack of cohesion in dialogue, this war of 1941, ended with a whimper and not the box office bang that Spielberg expected. HјS magic was not felt among the rich sittings and it was only he music that compensated with the laughs very much fewer frozen and far between. .
PAATHAI MAARIYA PARUWANGAL (Tamil): Even if technical imperfections and the Jack of star value stunted the Box Office appeal of Tamil films produced locally, this gem of a film is a rare exception that should have received better patronage. If the Sri Lankan Tamil film Scene has not expanded over the last few years and kept pace with Sinhalese Films, the blame must be Squarely placed on the whims of Tamil picturegoers, who are responsible for this unfortunate position. This particular film had mixed acting talent, both from India and Sri Lanka, and included four. flawless colour sequences in local Settings to please
22

the eye. The direction, although amateurish was bravely handled by S. Thevendra, and the meaningful musical melodies elevated the story above the ordinary. A handsome youngster (Sha Navaz) undervalues the virtue of every damsel who crosses his path and tends. to Seduce them in turn and leave them in the lurch. He however meets his Waterloo by the verbaislings and arrows of a beautiful belle from Batticoloa (Sumathi). who prods his conscience and opens his mental blocks towards a repentant life. That in a nutshell is the story that held out many lessons for our youth in a permissive Society which bars them from treading the straight and narrow path to slip into perdition easily. The makers of this film must have been surely disappointed at the return for their pains - hence a dubbing of this story into Sinhalese should bring back their losses. The Sinhala actress Leena de Silva contributed muoh to this praiseworthy effort, with Indian star Sumathi too at her very best. See this film with your adult children. Two Indian films Netru Indru Naalai' and 'Nenjathai Killathe' are receiving more than adequate publicity in the SLBC, although at the tail end of their first release runs. This costly exercise is not understood, as it is films like "Paathai Maariya Paruvangal" that deserve boosters to help the local Tamil efforts along with added
incentives.
Jannes W. Benedict.
EC
OPERETTA
The Mikado
In 1885 an operatta 'The Mikado' was written by an English dramatist, Sir William Schwenck Gilbert and . an English composer, Sir Arthur Sullivan. Gilbert had a talent for burlesquiing in light verse the follies of his day. His lyrics were witty and easy to remember. Sullivan's skill was in combining and contrasting melodies and his clever orchestration captured and enhanced the meaning of the words. A formidable combination of two gifted men and in addition to The Mikado they wrote The Gondoliers The Pirates of Renzanme, sofanthe, H. M. S. Pinafore, Trial by Jury and a few more including their first colaboration Thespis (1871). in The Mikado Gilbert and Sullivan had a lot of fun with Japan.
'The Mikado' is the story of the Mikado who was the Emperor of Japan (Preshanthi Navaratnam) and his son Nanki Poo's (Parvatha Manikkalingam) love and search for a sweet pretty schoolgirl, Yum-Yum (Christine Sivaprakasam). Before he claims his heart's desire he has amusing, terrifying and uncomfortable encounters with a middle-aged lady Katisha (Deepika Samara sinha) who is in love with him; Ko-Ko, (Sharmini Perera) the Lord High Executioner; and Pooh-Bah (Ruvanthi Sivapragasam), Lord High Everything Else.
S. TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

Page 21
it was difficult on Thursday, 28th October, as the curtain went up at 7 p.m. to push away the memory of Arthur van Langenberg and his Mikado of 1956. In fact, it was the first time our Small party had been to a Gilbert and Sullivan Operatta Since he died.
But, to compare the two productions or to compare this production with any other Gilbert & Sullivan Operatta would be unfair and impossible. Ladies College put on a good school show and the jam-packed houses were adequate proof of the enthusiasm with which it was received. There were flaws, big ones, such as the tota lack of imagination in stage sets (proportions of the two pavilions in the first act Served more as postage stamps stuck on to an over-sized fence), failure in the make-up department to create the Japanese face (a goatee and moustache were not sufficient), and the lack of richness and detail in costumes particularly costumes worn by the chorus of schoolgirls.
There was no doubt whatsoever that the quality of Singing and drama were of an exceptionally high standard. They went arm in arm and Gilbert and Sullivan would have wished from beginning to, end. Preshanthni (the Mikado) proved that one doesn't let the side tdown one is miscast and sang like a Nihghtingale and acted with emotion and feeling. The female lead in a full length Operetta has to one day come her way. Sharmini (Ko-Ko) carried the show on her shoulder with her projected Sense of humour, timing and characterisation. Ruvanthi (Pooh-Bah) never for a moment let the audience forget her many titles and had the entire audience behind her, Deepika (Katisha) was perfect and one of the few who looked and moved like a Japanese. Christine, Rapti and Sonali (the 3 pretty Schoolgirls) emerged too varied in looks (most probably the fault of the make up department) and far too Sophisticated for Schoolgirls.
An Operetta is not an easy production to tackle
and the language and music of Gilbert and Sullivan
are tongue-twisting and far-reaching. Ladies College were brave with their attempt.
OUT OF AFOCUS
х XC A NEW EDITION
Of Thesaurus
LOWDOW. As the editor behind the controversial new edition of Roget's Thesaurus, Susan Lloyd felt the task was 'like trying to freeze a waterfall, Language never stops changing." As a woman, she also noticed how much 'the book really needed changing. The Sexist thing certainly dawned on me.' The wordsmith's bible of synonyms had no been revised for two decades before Lloyd gave it a 20,000 -word update. The 42
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

year-old editor, a former teacher of English and French at primary schools in Birmingham and for a four-year spell in Uganda, was chosen over 60 other hopefuls to and the Thesaurus editorship. Her husband, headmaster of a secondary school in Thetford, Norfolk, spotted the job in an advertisement in the Times Educational Supplement. She did tests for the publishers, gave a resume of what she would do to the revered tome and landed the job just after she earned a reasearch degree in French literature at the University of East Anglia in England. Lloyd is keen to stress that the book's prime purposes are 'to expand people's vocabulary and reflect usage of the English language in the 1980s.' Heightened sensitivity to what many women regard as sexism has influenced current usage, she felt. So out came Such topic headings as mankind, countryman and rich man - alterations that produced a flood of ribald and irate comments from reviewers and thesaurus fans who felt she was taking liberties with a 138-year-old masterpiece. Commentators had a field day writing about the Ottoperson Empire, 'Death in Venice' by Thomas Person, and of course Humanchester and Humanhattan. Columnists argued that Shakespeare would now have to ring to speeches about 'Friends, Romans, countrydwellers....'
The editor stuckfirmly to her correcting pencil. 'I am no rabid feminist," she says. 'I didn't cut the words out altogether, just changed the paragraph headlings. 'm not trying to push men out but women in. That's what is happening in the language. The interviewer nowadays doesn't say 'Let's the man in the street." Chairperson is a word used today, so in it went." To prove that she is merely seeking to mirror the words used today, she points out that she has left in 'derogatory words for women like moll, bint and bit of fluff that Germaine Greer would consider degrading. I cannot take them out if they are in everyday usage." Lloyd, who ended up with 20,000-item thesaurus, confessed at the end, 'l found it horrible doing the section on war. I am a member of the Nuclear Disarmament Campaign and that bit of the book really depressed me. All these terrible new weapons they keep inventing - had to put in the neutron bomb and the cruise missile because these are familiar to people." One entry she is especially proud of is "Lay waste: make a wilderness and call it peace.' The book dominated her life for three and a half years as she worked at home with a little help from her husband, Geoffrey, their daughter, Ruth, 16, and son, Stephen, 15. Notebooks littered the house. Often a word came to her when she was doing the ironing or weeding the garden. On trips to London to record her entries in the computer at the offices of her publisher, Longman, she carried the latest offerings in a bag marked 'Live Saurus - do not feed. If found, return to laboratory.'
The daunting size of her task becomes only tOO plain in the introduction to the thesaurus. In an illustration of how much English has evolved, she tells how
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'modern man or woman can work as a Wurocrat, ombudsman, troubleshooter, Spokesperson, anchorman, gogo dancer or DJ. Their children may be yobs, punks, skinheads, groupies . . . . attend a play-group or Study structuralism at the Open University.' Did the world really manage without these words in 1962, when Roget's was last revised - as well as without Gay Lib, hang-gliding and discos ? The job that dominated her life has also given Lloyd a thrirst for more knowledge about Dr. Peter Mark Rogert, who, at the age of 74, produced in 1852 the treasure house of words that has sold more than 20 million copies. Ironically, this Son of a Genevan pastor and a French Huguenot mother had little English blood running in his veins. Born in Soho, home of some of the fruitier words in his thesaurus, he went on during a varied Scientific career to invent a slide rule, Set chess problems for the illustrated London News, write some entries for the Encyclopedia Britannica and experiment with laughing gas. With her work done, Lloyd must Surely be equipped to write an expressive novel and dazzle, a dinner party with her conversation. She's not so sure: 'Yes, it certainly has helped my writing but as for speaking, I'm so eager to get words out that invariably use the wrong ones. Definitely a bad advertisement for the editor of the Thesaurus.
х х
OWEWESS
Why did the Rose bloom With its many pink petals of freshness and velvetty smoothness diffusing sweet fragrance.
it was to give the glow to my cheeks. The twist of the petal to remind the curl of my lips. lts dewy freshness the same Arana' feeds. sts sweet essence suffuses in my very breath.
We are one. The fose and /
Peradenilya 27.10.82 Victoria Joseph
FWO WORLDS
Such an astonishing world! st is here, dying with abundance, living in want.
24

in the townships sick people are roaming like hungry wolves. The granaries are full of wheat, but they are kept locked.
Machines could weave a path of silk from the earth to the sun,
But the people are naked,
the people go barefoot.
Such an astonishing world lit is here. While the fish drink coffee, the children find no milk. They are fed with words, the pigs with potatoes . . . . . . .
/Vazim Hikmet, Turkish Poet whose eightieth birth
anniversary was observed recently.
TRIBUNE SPORTSCOPE
SPOTLIGHT
“No' To Apartheid
THE TOUR OF APARTHED INFECTED SOUTH AFRICA by 14 Sri Lankan cricket rebels is still the topic of conversation wherever Sports fans gather Be it in buses, clubs or pubs the talking point is this, the rebel tour with arguments for and against at times reaching a crescendo.
ALL ROUNDER who however has his ear to the ground was glad that the majority of sports fans were against the tour, while a small minority while agreeing that the principle was wrong were content to hold a brief for their friends or heroes on the tour.
However, it is sad to note that there are a few, who apparently being ignorant of the whole issue, are bent on belittling the Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka for banning the rebel cricketers. This group is apparently trying to bring pressure on the Cricket Board to get them to reverse the decision. Several bogus letters seem to be appearing in particular group of newspapers in a bid to pressurise the Board into believing that the 25- year ban imposed on the rebel cricketers was too harsh. The Board of Control for Cricket has the blessings of the Cabinet in whatever decisions it takes and the
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

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Board must not budge an inch from the stand it has taken. To do so would only be to lose its credibility and as a result the game is sure to suffer.
This same group of mischief-makers is also up in arms against those who signed contracts to make the tour of South Africa but who withdrew when the implications were known. 'Better late than never' goes a Saying and the cricketers who earlier signed and withdrew when they realised that they were 'not playing the game' in making this tour must be appreciated, applauded and looked upon as heroes. Instead they have been unfairly labelled as having 'chickened out.'
The Board has the blessings of the all right thinking people the world over who abhor the atrocities committed on the blacks by the minority whites and the Board must not shirk in its responsibility in this issue. The United Nations Sub-Committee on the implementation of the UN Resolution against apartheid has commended the action taken by Sri Lanka on the rebel cricketers. The Afro-Asian Solidarity Association of Sri Lanka have also followed Suit. Reproduced below are the two StaternertS.
The Chairman of the UN Sub-Committee, Ambassador Gbemo of Ghana said: " I have learnt with great satisfaction that the Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka has taken firm action against the 14 cricketers who went on a tour of South Africa in defiance of United Nations Resolutions, the Gleneagles Agreement of the Commonwealth and the policy of the Government of Sri Lanka. Faced with growing isolation, apartheid sports bodies in South Africa have been trying with the support of the racist regime and corporations to entice individual Sportsmen by offers of exhorbitant fees. They have been in the words of Die Transvier, "Literally buying Sports stars with good money. According to press reports the cricketers from Sri Lanka were each offered $50,000 The agreements were made in secret through Tony Opatha, a former Sri Lanka cricketer now playing for a club in Netherlands. -
'I regret that the 14 cricketers have succumbed to the enticements of apartheid and betrayed the principles of . sportsmanship and the traditions of Sri Lanka. I hope that the action by the Board of Control will serve as a warning that the Governments and sports bodies will see to it that collusion with apartheid does not play (pay) would like to express satisfaction that three members of the Sri Lanka National Cricket team - Sidat Wettimuny, Ranjan. Madugalle and Arjuna Ranatunge - rejected the South African offer and that Duleep Mendis and Roy Dias withdrew when the implications were brought to their attention."
The letter sent by the Secretary-General of the AfroAsian Solidarity Association of Sri Lankato Mr. Gamini Dissanayake, President of the Cricket Board roads: "On behalf of the Afro-Asian Solidarity Association of Sri
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

Lanka, wish to express my appreciation for the steps you have taken against our cricketers who have tarnished, not only the name of Sri Lanka, but also of the whole of Asia in going to South Africa on the invitation of the apartheid-ridden racist regime of that country. I am also happy that you are contemplating measures to take penal action against those who have defied the commitment of the country in respect of apartheid Sports. Kindly See that these measures are taken effectively and quickly So that the peoples and Governments of Africa as well as the anti-apartheid Governments, movements and forces of the rest of the world are assured that Sri Lanka is doing everything possible in this regard. However, wish to point out that while the Government is taking these measures, the Government-controlled media, particularly the SLBC is publicising the tour of the rebels in South Africa and the matches they are playing there. think this is paradoxical and very undesirable. This kind of publicity should be stopped immediately."
These statements are certainly very re-assuring to Mr. Gamini Dissanayake, President of the Cricket Board and its members. However, ALLROUN DER was able to gather that the rebels on their return will be seeking legal action on the punishment imposed on them by the Board. The rebels Sought legal advise before embarking on the tour, and it is natural that they will want to take Some Sort of action against the Cricket Board.
THE SWMMING SCENE in Sri Lanka was also a hive of activity with the holding of the Eighth National Swimming Championships by the NASSU at the Josephian Pool recently. The heorines and heroes at this meet were Udeshika Biyanwilla, Renuka Ranasinghe Janaka Biyanwilla, Neoma Jayasinghe and Damith Chandrala!.
17-year-old Janaka Biyanwila a student from Indiana, USA, however was the only competitor to secure his ticket to the Asian Games to be held in Neww Delhihis ticket to the Asian Games to be held in New Delhi this month with a classic display of Hard Board Diving. Janaka who dived immaculately was adjudged the Hard Board Diving champion with 453.15 points well ahead of the Asian Games Oualifying Mark which stands at 417.24 points.
However, Janaka's sister Udeshika failed to live up to expectations. 14-year old Udeshika from Victoria's Ringwood High School, Melbourne and Otters Aquatic Club failed to reach any of the Asian Games Oualifying standards, although she improved on two of her Sri Lanka records and one national record. However, Udeshika is promising material and the selectors will do well to include her in the swimming team to the games as she seems to be improving with each leap into the pool and abetter showing from her at the Games can expected.
Another woman competitor to impress at this meet was former Sri Lanka champion Renuka Ranasinghe
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ouw swimming in the colours of the University. In a splendid return to competitive swimming after a long lay off, Renuka showed that she has not lost any of her former Swimming prowess as she beat Udeshika Biyanwila in the 100 metres Back Stroke. At the time of writing Udeshika too, has qualified for a place in the team.
PRESIDENT JAYEWARD ENE who was returned with an overwhelming majority to continue as the Executive President of Sri Lanka made his first appearance at a Sporting event when he was the Chief guest at the Allisland inter-Schools Badminton Championships at the Sports Ministry Indoor Stadium recently. Speaking at the prize distribution, the President expressed the hope that very soon badminton in Sri Lanka will reach international standards. President Jayewardene said that he too played badminton during his time, but the game had not reached today's high standards.
Museaus College continued its run of successes for the third year in succession and emerged champions in the under20 (Girls) A Division. They were awarded the challenge shield donated by Mr. Nichy Tojwani. Royal College won the under 20 (Boys) A Division for the Second year. Dharmasoka College, Ambalangoda too repeated last year's effort winning the under 12 (Girls) A Division title.
ON THE FOREIGN SCENE was the startling news of the defeat of England's touring team by Queensland after 53 years. Bob Willis leading a strong team in the first game of their tour of Australia, met Oueensland, a State side second to none and went down by 171 runs. The match-winners for Oueensland were Greg Chappell Kepler Wessels and Henschall.
From Australia's peint of view the most satisfying aspect of the match was the form shown by the great Greg Chappell, the former Australian captain. With Australia having a very disastrous tour of Pakistan under Kim Bughen, the Australian Selectors can take heart by the form of Chappel who is expected to take the fight to the Englishmen in the Six Test series starting with the First Test on November 12.
South African Kepler Wessels, now qualified to play for Australia will be a strong contender for an opener's berth in the Aussie Squad.
Although he had a disastrous tour, the Australian Selectors will do well to persist with Kim Hughes as captain. Hughes has many more years of cricket ahead of him, unlike Greg Chappell and the Australian Selectors must allow Hughes free rein to build the Aussies Cricketing standards which is- now rock bottom.
ALLROUWDER
XC * 26

SPORTS CHRONICLE
October 24 - 30
SUWDAY, OCTOBER 24. Army were out for 114 in their Sara Trophy Tournament match against Galle Cricket Club at Police Park yesterday. Army 114 and Galle CC 38 for 2 wickets. Sri Lanka's new captain Duleep Mendis hit a breezy 80 in 109 minutes for Maharaja Organization in the Limited Over Cricket encounter against Central Province Cricket Association at the Asgiriya international Stadium yesterday. Maha- . raja Organisation 251 for 8 and Central Province 1 for 2 wickets. Tamil Union ran up the sizeable score of 253 for 4 wickets and then declared their innings in their Donovan Andree Trophy Cricket match against Colombo University at Thurstan Road yesterday. Tamil Union 253 for 4 and Colombo University 7 for no loss. A good allround performance by Cleophus Lord helped BRC to have an equal chance of obtaining first innings points in their Donovan Andree Trophy cricket match against the Navy at Havelock Park yesterday. Navy 130 and BRC 87 for 4 at close. S. Thomas A team made 162 for 7 wickets declared in their inter Schoo/ Cricket match against Vidyartha at Mount Lavinia yesterday. S. Thomas A 162 for 7 and Vidyartha 8 for no loss.
MOWDAY, OCTOBER 25. Jagath Perera's defiant 54 in 190 minutes not only helped Galle recover from a hopeless 56 for 6 to a final total of 138 and take first innings points from the Army is a Cricket Match at Police Park yesterday. Army 114 and 50 for no loss and Galle CC130. Trinity College Kandy scored a thrilling 2 goals to nil win over St. Thomas College Matale in their Schools Hockey Match played at the Asgiriya International Stadium last week. Reigning champions Ananda College, retained the Schools Wational Chess Championship with an unbeaten record at their school hali yesterday.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26: An opening stand of 121 runs between Nameen Abeyratne and Sammindra Fernando was the highlight of St. Sebastian's easy first innings win over St. Josephs in their Under 13 Division / match played at Darley Road. St. Josephs A 89 and St. Sebastians A 185 for 3 at close. Superb captaincy by Bhagya Epasinghe and splendid team work enabled Nalanda to beat Ananda by 25 runs in their schools Under 13 Division 1 match played at Ananda Mawatha. Nalanda 156 for 8 and Ananda 191 for 8. Young Birds Sports Club, Kelaniya beat Kadawata Three Hearts Sports Club by 9 goals to 5 in a Soccer Match played at Kadawatha Maha Vidyalaya grounds. Two matches in the Inter School Under 19 Hockey Tournament were played at Longon Place yesterday. In the first match St. Benedicts edged out Nalanda 1-0 and in the Second St. Thomas and St. Peters shared 4 goals after the teams were level 1-1 at interval.
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WEDMESDAY, OCTOBER 27: St. Anthony's Katugastota had scored 199 for 8 wickets declared and Thurstan were on 43 for 1 wicket at the close in their Cricket Match yesterday at the Vihara Mahadevi Park. Joseph Vaz college, Wennappuwa beat Royal College by two goals to nil in their Boys (Under 19) Inter-School Hockey Tournament played at the CR & FC grounds yesterday. The Under 15 match between St. Thomas College Mt. Lavinia and Nalanda College ended in a one-all draw after a scoreless first-half. Carsons beat Thomas Cooks by 56 runs in their Mercantile G Division Cricket match played on the MCA grounds in reply to Carsons 107 for 7 in the allotted 30 overs. Carsons SC 107 for 7 and Thomas Cooks 49. Java Lane beat Eleven Youngsters 1/0 in the City Football League Division / Tournament. Ananda did it again. They completely outclassed Seven other teams to retain the schools Wational Chess Title they won last year. They also completed a grand 'Double' winning the All-Island inter-Club Championship earlier this year.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28: Malay Cricket Club opened their 1982 Daily Wews Tropy" Cricket season with a two wicket first innings win over Sylvan Blossoms SC on the Health SC grounds, Castle Street. Sylvan Blossom SC 162 and Malay CC 165 for 8 at close. Sadun Lugoda who scored 27 and took 4 for 36 helped sipatana MV gain a first innings win over Sri Jayewardenepura by 49 runs in their Inter-school under 13 Division 2 Match played at Kotte last weekend. Sri Jayewardenapura 1st Innings 109 and isipathana 1st innings 158. S. Thomas Prep, Kollupitiya made it four wins in a row and also emerged Group B leaders when they beat Thurstan on the first innings in an Under 13 Division Il match at Vihara Mahadevi Park.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29: Bank of Ceylon, Bambalapitiya Branch B team and Bank of Ceylon Borella Branch emerged champions in the Six-a-side Cricket and * Wetball Tournaments respectively. In the six-a-side cricket tournament, Bank of Ceylon Bambalapitiya BranCh B team beat Bank of Ceylon Colombo South District office by 6 wickets. Bambalapitiya Branch B 38 for 4 wkts and Colombo South office 13 runs. In the netball tournament Borella Branch beat Kollupitiya by 7 points to 7 in the final. St. Patrick's College playing orthodox soccer defeated Jaffna Central College by 4 goals to nil in their annual match played at Jaffna Central College recentİy. The annual seven-side soccer tournament conducted by the Vavuniya Santos was held recently at the UC grounds Vavuniya Ten teams took part in the tournament. In the finals last year's Champions Santos defeated Jolly Boys SC by 3 goals to nil. Dharmapala MV Pannipitiya trounced Mari Stella Negombo by innings in their Under 13 Division 3 Tournament match played at Negombo. Maris Stella 44 and Dharmapyla MV 82 for 1. Paceman K. Probalan with a 'match bag' of 8 wickets for 47 runs helped Hindu College, Bambalapitiya to an easy first innings win oversipatana MV in an Under 13, Division III Tournament Cricket match
RIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

played at Bambalapitiya. sipatana 88 and Hindu College, Bambalapitiya 130 for 9 declared. Hotel Ceylon international Scored their Second Successive victory in the Mercantile C Division League Soccer tournament match played at the City League grounds. They beat Samuel Sons 2 - 1 after the Score stood at 1 - 1 at half time. Musaeus College took the Under 19 Girls Schools Hockey Title when they beat Holy Family Convent, Bambalapitiya by 4 goals to nil in the deciding league match played at the CR & FC grounds yesterday.
SATURDAY OCTOBER 30 : it took the Peterites just 93 minutes to demolish Dharmapala Vidyalaya, Pannipitiya for a paltry 34 in their cricket match at Bambalapitiya yesterday. Pam Fernando ost to Suwaneetha Selvaratnam in the Final of the RSGC Women's Goff Championship played yesterday. Suwaneetha playing extremely well was 6 up at the turn and won the 10th o be Dormy 7.
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CONFIDENTIALLY
Postmortem (3)-CPSL
IS IT NOT TRUE that Kobbekaduwa's alleged "coup' continues to be the major talking point in political circles? That the Communist Forward of November 1 in a front-page story entitled UNP CANARD DEN I ED stated: "The charge made by the President, the Prime Minister, and other UNP spokesman of a plot", if Mr. Kobbekaduwa won the Presidential election, to set up a "pro-Communist government' by force and to unleash a reign of murder and terror against UNP leaders and supporters (including the President, the P. M. and Cabinet Ministers) as wel as Mrs. Bandaranaike and Mr. Anura Bandaranaike of the SLFP, were branded as a slanderous canard, whose main object was to conceal and excuse the real terror that many UNP Ministers and MPs had unleased against defeated political opponents. SLFP MPs and Sarath Muttetuwegama of the CPSL categorically denied these charges on behalf of their parties when made by the PM and other Ministers in Parliament. Well known composer Premasiri Khemadasa, whom the PM accused in Parliament of getting drunk at a Chinese Embassy reception and blurting out advance information about an opposition plan of post-election violence, told Forward This is totally false. No such thing happened. The PM has obviosiy been given a dead rope by some interested party or else has no regard for truth. Parliament and the country have been misled. Communist leader, H. G. S. Ratnaweera whom the PM Said was to be made Chairman of Lake House told Forward Premadasa is taking through his hat. I was not offered, nor did ask for or accept, this or any other post. Our party made it clear before and during the election that, although we supported Mr. Kobbekaduwa, we would not accept Cabinet or any other office under a SLFP government, even if an offer was made to us. A well known cultura personality, who was among those mentioned by the PM told Forward: 'The Prime Minister has joined up with some of the actors and Other artistes Who supported J. R. to further professional vendettas in the cultural world. They are trying to intimidate producers into not giving us any work, and to put people who will dance to their tunes in commanding positions in Rupavahini and the SLBC'. Asked for his comments on Minister Rani Wickremasinghe's charge that all this was planned by the Communist Party', CPSL Politbureau member D. E. W. Gunasekera said, "From the time that Hitler staged the infamous Reichstag fire trial, anticommunism has been used by the most reactionary sections of the capitalist class to justify its attacks on democracy. What is happening now is no exception.'...."?
That the CP post-mortem of the election result was also Set out by in a question and answer Sessions hold on 27.10.82 between Pieter Keuneman and Stanley Ranasinghe in the Foward of November 1 : Ouestion: 'The UNP and the so-called national, press have claimed that President Jayewardene's
28

victory signifies national endorsement of his government and its policies. Any comment? Answer: "This false claim was fully and factually debunked in the statement of our party's General Secretary, K. P. Silva, which was published in several newspapers. First of all, the results show that while the UNP and CWC polled 3,450,811 votes, the candidates contesting the UNP polled 3,071,537 votes. The difference between them was only 379,274 votes. On top of this, nearly 17 lakhs of registered voters did not vote at all, which is hardly an endorsement of the government's policies. And no one knows how the 80,000 old voters whose ballot papers were rejected expressed their feelings'. Ouestion: 'But haven't the UNP and CWC increased their vote as compared with what they got in 1977'? Answer: "Look at it this way: in 1977 the UNP-CWC due polled 3,241,928 votes. In 1982 these two parties poiled 3,450,811 votes. The increase in their vote is therefore, 208,883. Percentage-wise this increase is from 51.9% to 52.91% i.e., 1.01 percent Compared with this, the anti-UNP vote increased from 2,227,143 in 1977 to 3,071,537 in 1982, i.e., by 844,394 votes. Percentage-wise this vote went up from 35.7% in 1977 to 47.09% in 1982 i.e., by 11.39 percent. The difference between the UNP and the anti-UNP vote in 1977 was 1,014,785 or 16.2 percent. In 1982, it was reduced to 379,274 votes, or 5.82 percent. President Jayewardene has boasted that he approaches election "mathematically'. He should ponder on these figures before making unsubstantiated claims'. Ouestion : 'What are the reasons for the defeat of the Left 2' Answer: As our General Secre
tary, K. P. Silva made clear in his statement, the Left
was not defeated. What was decisively rejected were certain wrong and sectarian policies of the LSSP, JVP and NSSP that objectively helped the UNP. Most of the Left followed the correct policy and Supported Mr. Kobbekaduwa. This includes four-fifths of the LSSP membership and supporters. Far from suf fering defeat, it was the correct position taken by the CPSL and the majority of the Left forces that played a major part in the overall increase in the antiUNP vote in 1982 over 1977'. Ottestion : 'What do you have to say about the role of the CPSL in this campaign 2 Answer. The important role that our party and Aththa played in this campaign has been publicly, appreciated by Mr. Kobbekaduwa, by the SLFP in its official statement, by other leaders of the SLFP and of parties supporting Mr. Kobbekaduwa, and has even been the subject of comment by newspapers and political columnists Supporting JR. i have nothing to add to that, except to say that Aththa did a first class job. Its circulation increased more than three-fold and the demand was such that copies were Selling in the blackmarket at Rs. 5 per Re. 1 copy.
'That these and more of these Ouestions and Answers we will publish next week and readers can judge for themselves how valid these arguements are?
TRIBUNE, NOVEMBER 13, 1982

Page 27
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